[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 49 (Monday, March 16, 2009)]
[Notices]
[Pages 11130-11133]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E9-5523]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

[10120-1113-0000-C4; FWS-R1-ES-2009-N0028]


Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-
Year Reviews of 103 Species in Hawaii

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Notice of review.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, are initiating 5-year 
reviews for 103 species in Hawaii under the Endangered Species Act of 
1973, as amended (Act). We request any new information on these species 
that may have a bearing on their classification as endangered or 
threatened. Based on the results of these 5-year reviews we will 
determine whether these species are properly classified under the Act.

DATES: To ensure consideration in our review, we are requesting 
submission of new information no later than May 15, 2009. However, we 
will continue to accept new information about any listed species at any 
time.

ADDRESSES: For the species under review, submit information or direct 
questions to: Field Supervisor, Attention: 5-Year Review, U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala 
Moana Blvd., Room 3-122, Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850. Information or 
questions can also be submitted by e-mail to: [email protected].

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Marilet Zablan, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES), 808-
792-9400. Individuals who are hearing impaired or speech impaired may 
call the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8337 for TTY assistance.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Why Do We Conduct 5-Year Reviews?

    Under the Endangered Species Act (Act) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), we 
maintain a List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (List) 
at 50 CFR 17.11 (for animals) and 17.12 (for plants). Section 
4(c)(2)(A) of the Act requires that we conduct a review of listed 
species at least once every 5 years. Then, on the basis of such reviews 
under section 4(c)(2)(B), we determine whether or not any species 
should be removed from the List (delisted), or reclassified from 
endangered to threatened or from threatened to endangered. These 
actions must be supported by the best scientific and commercial data 
available. Delisting a species is considered only if such data 
substantiates that the species is neither endangered nor threatened for 
one or more of the following reasons: (1) The species is considered 
extinct; (2) the species is considered to be recovered; and/or (3) the 
original data available when the species was listed, or the 
interpretation of such data, were in error (50 CFR 424.11(d)). Any 
change in Federal classification would require a separate rulemaking 
process. The regulations in 50 CFR 424.21 require that we publish a 
notice in the Federal Register announcing those species currently under 
active review. This notice announces our active review of the 103 
species listed in Table 1.

    Table 1--Species for Which We Are Initiating a Status Review To Determine if They Are Appropriately Listed Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Common name                  Scientific name            Status                Where listed                    Final listing rule
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Animals:
    Bat, Hawaiian hoary.............  Lasiurus cinereus        E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  35 FR 16047; 10/13/1970.
                                       semotus.
    Finch, Nihoa....................  Telespyza ultima.......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  32 FR 4001; 03/11/1967.
    Goose, Hawaiian (= Nene)........  Branta (=Nesochen)       E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  32 FR 4001; 03/11/1967.
                                       sandvicensis.
    Honeycreeper, crested...........  Palmeria dolei.........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  32 FR 4001; 03/11/1967.
    Parrotbill, Maui................  Pseudonestor             E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  32 FR 4001; 03/11/1967.
                                       xanthophrys.
    Petrel, Hawaiian dark-rumped....  Pterodroma phaeopygia    E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  32 FR 4001; 03/11/1967.
                                       sandwichensis.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella abbreviate.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella apexfulva..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella bellula....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.

[[Page 11131]]

 
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella buddii.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella bulimoides.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella byronii....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella caesia.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella casta......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella cestus.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella              E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
                                       concavospira.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella curta......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella decipiens..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella decora.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella dimorpha...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella elegans....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella fulgens....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella fuscobasis.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella juddii.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella juncea.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella lehuiensis.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella leucorraphe  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella lila.......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella livida.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella lorata.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella mustelina..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella papyracea..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella phaeozona..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella pulcherrima  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella pupukanioe.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella rosea......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella sowerbyana.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella spaldingi..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella stewartii..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella swiftii....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella taeniolata.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella thaanumi...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella turgida....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella valida.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella viridans...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella vittata....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
    Snail, Oahu tree................  Achatinella vulpina....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  46 FR 3178; 01/13/1981.
Plants:
    [revaps]Ahinahina...............  Argyroxiphium            T                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
                                       sandwicense ssp.
                                       macrocephalum.
    [revaps]Akoko...................  Chamaesyce kuwaleana...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991.
    [revaps]Akoko...................  Chamaesyce rockii......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53089; 10/10/1996.
    [revaps]Awikiwiki...............  Canavalia molokaiensis.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    [revaps]Oha wai.................  Clermontia oblongifolia  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
                                       ssp. brevipes.
    [revaps]Oha wai.................  Clermontia oblongifolia  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
                                       ssp. mauiensis.
    [revaps]Oha wai.................  Clermontia samuelii....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  64 FR 48307; 09/03/1999.
    [revaps]Ohe[revaps]ohe..........  Tetraplasandra           E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 14482; 03/28/1994.
                                       gymnocarpa.
    Alani...........................  Melicope balloui.......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 62346; 12/05/1994.
    Alani...........................  Melicope ovalis........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 62346; 12/05/1994.
    Alani...........................  Melicope reflexa.......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    Alani...........................  Melicope saint-johnii..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53089; 10/10/1996.
    Aupaka..........................  Isodendrion longifolium  T                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53089; 10/10/1996.
    Geranium, Hawaiian red-flowered.  Geranium arboreum......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20589; 05/13/1992.
    Ha[revaps]iwale.................  Cyrtandra crenata......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 14482; 03/28/1994.
    Ha[revaps]iwale.................  Cyrtandra munroi.......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
    Haha............................  Cyanea copelandii ssp.   E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  64 FR 48307; 09/03/1999.
                                       haleakalaensis.
    Haha............................  Cyanea glabra..........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  64 FR 48307; 09/03/1999.
    Haha............................  Cyanea grimesiana ssp.   E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53108; 10/10/1996.
                                       grimesiana.
    Haha............................  Cyanea humboldtiana....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53089; 10/10/1996.
    Haha............................  Cyanea lobata..........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
    Haha............................  Cyanea mannii..........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    Honohono........................  Haplostachys             E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  44 FR 62468; 10/30/1979.
                                       haplostachya.
    Ihi[revaps]ihi..................  Marsilea villosa.......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 27863; 06/22/1992.
    Kauila..........................  Colubrina oppositifolia  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 10305; 03/04/1994.
    Ko[revaps]oko[revaps]olau.......  Bidens micrantha ssp.    E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
                                       kalealaha.
    Ko[revaps]oko[revaps]olau.......  Bidens wiebkei.........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    Ko[revaps]oloa[revaps]ula.......  Abutilon menziesii.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  51 FR 34412; 09/26/1986.
    Koki[revaps]o                     Hibiscus arnottianus     E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
     ke[revaps]oke[revaps]o.           ssp. immaculatus.
    Lo[revaps]ulu...................  Pritchardia munroi.....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    Love grass, Fosberg's...........  Eragrostis fosbergii...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53089; 10/10/1996.

[[Page 11132]]

 
    Nehe............................  Lipochaeta lobata var.   E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991.
                                       leptophylla.
    Nehe............................  Lipochaeta tenuifolia..  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991.
    No common name..................  Abutilon sandwicense...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991.
    No common name..................  Diellia falcata........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991.
    No common name..................  Diellia unisora........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 32932; 06/27/1994.
    No common name..................  Gouania hillebrandii...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  49 FR 44753; 11/09/1984.
    No common name..................  Lobelia niihauensis....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991.
    No common name..................  Lobelia oahuensis......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 14482; 03/28/1994.
    No common name..................  Lysimachia lydgatei....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
    No common name..................  Phyllostegia mannii....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    No common name..................  Sanicula purpurea......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53108; 10/10/1996.
    No common name..................  Schiedea haleakalensis.  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
    No common name..................  Schiedea hookeri.......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53108; 10/10/1996.
    No common name..................  Schiedea lydgatei......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    No common name..................  Schiedea sarmentosa....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53130; 10/10/1996.
    No common name..................  Tetramolopium remyi....  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 47686; 09/20/1991.
    No common name..................  Tetramolopium rockii...  T                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 46325; 10/08/1992.
    No common name..................  Vigna o-wahuensis......  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  59 FR 56333; 11/10/1994.
    No common name..................  Viola oahuensis........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 53089; 10/10/1996.
    Nohoanu.........................  Geranium multiflorum...  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
    Opuhe...........................  Urera kaalae...........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991.
    Panicgrass, Carter's............  Panicum fauriei var.     E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  48 FR 46328; 10/12/1983.
                                       carteri.
    Sandalwood, Lanai                 Santalum freycinetianum  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  51 FR 3182; 01/24/1986.
     (=[revaps]iliahi).                var. lanaiense.
    Wahane..........................  Pritchardia aylmer-      E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  61 FR 41020; 08/07/1996.
                                       robinsonii.
    Wawae[revaps]iole...............  Huperzia mannii........  E                   U.S.A. (HI)................  57 FR 20772; 05/15/1992.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What Information Do We Consider in the Review?

    A 5-year review considers all new information available at the time 
of the review.
    In conducting these reviews, we consider the best scientific and 
commercial data that has become available since the listing 
determination or most recent status review, such as:
     Species biology including, but not limited to, population 
trends, distribution, abundance, demographics, and genetics;
     Habitat conditions including, but not limited to, amount, 
distribution, and suitability;
     Conservation measures that have been implemented that 
benefit the species;
     Threat status and trends (see five factors under heading 
``How Do We Determine Whether a Species Is Endangered or 
Threatened?''); and
     Other new information, data, or corrections including, but 
not limited to, taxonomic or nomenclatural changes, identification of 
erroneous information contained in the List, and improved analytical 
methods.

How Do We Determine Whether a Species Is Endangered or Threatened?

    Section 4(a)(1) of the Act requires that we determine whether a 
species is endangered or threatened based on one or more of the five 
following factors:
    A.The present or threatened destruction, modification, or 
curtailment of its habitat or range;
    B. Overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or 
educational purposes;
    C. Disease or predation;
    D. The inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms; or
    E. Other natural or manmade factors affecting its continued 
existence.
    Our assessment of these factors is required, under section 4(b)(1) 
of the Act, to be based solely on the best scientific and commercial 
data available.

What Could Happen as a Result of This Review?

    If we find information concerning the 103 species listed in Table 1 
indicating that a change in classification may be warranted, we may 
propose a new rule to: (a) Reclassify the species from threatened to 
endangered; (b) reclassify the species from endangered to threatened; 
or (c) remove the species from the List. If we find that a change in 
classification is not warranted, the species will remain on the List 
under its current status.

Public Solicitation of New Information

    To ensure that these 5-year reviews are complete and based on the 
best available scientific and commercial information, we solicit new 
information from the public, governmental agencies, Tribes, the 
scientific community, environmental entities, industry, and any other 
interested parties concerning the status of the species.
    If you wish to provide information for any species included in 
these 5-year reviews, submit your comments and materials to the Field 
Supervisor of the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (see 
ADDRESSES section). Our practice is to make comments, including names 
and home addresses of respondents, available for public review. Before 
including your address, phone number, e-mail address, or other personal 
identifying information in your comment, you should be aware that your 
entire comment--including your personal identifying information--may be 
made publicly available at any time. While you can ask us in your 
comment to withhold your personal identifying information from public 
review, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so.
    You may submit information on the species in this notice by U.S. 
mail, e-mail, or hand-delivery, to the address in the ADDRESSES section 
above. You may also view information we receive in response to this 
notice, as well as other public documentations in our files, at the 
Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (See ADDRESSES section above) 
during normal business hours.

Completed and Active Reviews

    A list of all species under active 5-year review, for which the 
Pacific Region of the Service is the lead region,

[[Page 11133]]

including those we are initiating under this Notice, are available at: 
http://www.fws.gov/pacific/ecoservices/endangered/recovery/5yearactive.html. Completed 5-year reviews, for which the Pacific 
Region of the Service is the lead region, are available at: http://www.fws.gov/pacific/ecoservices/endangered/recovery/5yearcomplete.html.

Authority

    This document is published under the authority of the Endangered 
Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

    Dated: February 24, 2009.
Theresa E. Rabot,
Acting Regional Director, Region 1, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
 [FR Doc. E9-5523 Filed 3-13-09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P