[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 220 (Thursday, November 13, 2008)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 67256-67305]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-26487]



[[Page 67255]]

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Part II





Department of the Interior





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Bureau of Indian Affairs



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25 CFR Parts 15, 18, and 179

43 CFR Parts 4 and 30



Indian Trust Management Reform; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 220 / Thursday, November 13, 2008 / 
Rules and Regulations  

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Bureau of Indian Affairs

25 CFR Parts 15, 18, 179

Office of the Secretary

43 CFR Parts 4, 30

RIN 1076-AE59


Indian Trust Management Reform

AGENCY: Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of the Secretary, Interior.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This final rule amends several Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) 
and Office of the Secretary regulations related to Indian trust 
management in the areas of probate, probate hearings and appeals, 
tribal probate codes, and life estates and future interests in Indian 
land. This rule allows the Secretary to further fulfill his fiduciary 
responsibilities to federally recognized tribes and individual Indians 
and to meet the Indian trust management policies articulated by 
Congress in the Indian Land Consolidation Act (ILCA), as amended by the 
American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004 (AIPRA).

DATES: This rule is effective on December 15, 2008.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michele Singer, Office of Regulatory 
Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1001 Indian School Road, 
NW., Suite 312, Albuquerque, NM 87104, phone: (505) 563-3805; e-mail: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Statutory Authority
II. Background
    A. History of the Rule
    B. The Need for This Rulemaking
    C. Development of Regulatory Language
III. Overview of Final Rule
IV. Overview of Public Comments
V. Part-by-Part Discussion
    A. 25 CFR Part 15--Probate of Indian Estates
    1. Public Comments
    a. Applicability to Alaska
    b. Definitions
    c. Claims
    d. Timeframes
    e. AIPRA
    f. Will Drafting and Storage
    g. Miscellaneous
    2. Changes From the Proposed Rule
    3. Distribution Table--25 CFR Part 15
    B. 25 CFR Part 18--Tribal Probate Codes
    1. Public Comments
    a. Applicability to Alaska
    b. Adjudication Functions
    c. 180-Day Time Periods
    d. Single Heir Rule
    e. Miscellaneous
    2. Changes From the Proposed Rule
    C. 25 CFR Part 179--Life Estates and Future Interests
    1. Public Comments
    2. Changes From the Proposed Rule
    3. Distribution Table--25 CFR Part 179
    D. 43 CFR Part 4, Subpart D--Department Hearings and Appeals 
Procedures, Rules Applicable in Indian Affairs Hearings and Appeals
    E. 43 CFR Part 30--Indian Probate Hearings Procedures
    1. Public Comments
    a. Applicability to Alaska
    b. Claims
    c. Timeframes
    d. AIPRA
    e. Purchase at Probate
    f. Purchase at Probate--Valuation
    g. Consolidation Agreements
    h. Formal and Summary Proceedings
    i. Resources
    j. Miscellaneous
    2. Changes From the Proposed Rule
    3. Distribution Table--43 CFR Part 4, Subpart D, and 43 CFR 4 
Part 30
VI. Procedural Requirements
    A. Regulatory Planning and Review (Executive Order 12866)
    B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    C. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement and Fairness Act of 
1996
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
    E. Governmental Actions and Interference With Constitutionally 
Protected Property Rights (Executive Order 12630)
    F. Federalism (Executive Order 13132)
    G. Civil Justice Reform (Executive Order 12988)
    H. Paperwork Reduction Act
    I. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
    J. Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes (Executive 
Order 13175)
    K. Energy Effects (Executive Order 13211)
    L. Information Quality Act

I. Statutory Authority

    Regulatory amendments to these parts are promulgated under the 
general authority of the American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform 
Act of 1994, 25 U.S.C. 4001 et seq., and the Indian Land Consolidation 
Act of 2000 (ILCA) as amended by the American Indian Probate Reform Act 
of 2004 (AIPRA), 25 U.S.C. 2201 et seq. The following table provides 
additional statutory authority specific to each CFR part.

25 CFR part 15 5 U.S.C. 301, 503-504; 25 U.S.C. 2, 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 
et seq.; 44 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.
25 CFR part 18 5 U.S.C. 301; 25 U.S.C. 2, 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 et seq.; 
44 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.
25 CFR part 179 86 Stat. 530; 86 Stat. 744; 94 Stat. 537; 96 Stat. 
2515; 25 U.S.C. 2, 9, 372, 373, 487, 607, and 2201 et seq.
43 CFR part 4 5 U.S.C. 301, 503-504; 25 U.S.C. 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 et 
seq.; 43 U.S.C. 1201, 1457; Pub. L. 99-264, 100 Stat. 61, as amended.
43 CFR part 30 5 U.S.C. 301, 503; 25 U.S.C. 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 et 
seq.; 43 U.S.C. 1201, 1457.

II. Background

    This rulemaking is a result of a collaborative, multi-year 
undertaking to identify a comprehensive strategy for improving Indian 
trust management. The Department of the Interior manages Indian trust 
assets in accordance with its trust relationship with tribes and 
individual Indians. The term ``tribes'' is used in this preamble to 
refer to federally recognized tribes. The purpose of today's final 
rulemaking is to allow the Department of the Interior to better meet 
its trust responsibilities and to carry out the policies established by 
Congress to strengthen tribal sovereignty. This rulemaking will provide 
the Department with the tools to more effectively and consistently 
manage trust assets and better serve its trust beneficiaries (i.e., 
Indian tribes and individual Indians).

A. History of the Rule

    The Department of the Interior has been examining ways to better 
meet its trust responsibilities since 1994, when Congress passed the 
Trust Fund Management Reform Act. Throughout this time, the Department 
has sought the participation and input of tribal leaders and individual 
Indian beneficiaries to identify ways in which the Department can 
better serve its beneficiaries.
    In July 2001, the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) issued 
Secretarial Orders 3231 and 3232. These orders created the Office of 
Historical Trust Accounting (OHTA) to perform historical accounting of 
trust assets and created a temporary Office of Indian Trust Transition 
(OITT), which was charged with reorganizing the agency to better meet 
beneficiaries' needs. These Secretarial Orders also stated the 
Secretary's policy to take a more coordinated approach to ensure the 
overall success of trust reform.
    In accordance with this policy, the Department reevaluated its 
approach to trust reform and, in January 2002, embarked on an 
examination and reengineering of its Indian trust management processes. 
This effort differed from prior trust reform efforts because it took a 
comprehensive approach to trust reform, linking individual trust reform 
issues to an overall strategy. To ensure that the strategy fully 
considered tribal concerns, the Department assembled a task force to 
work on trust reform and reorganization efforts.
    From members of this task force, a subcommittee of both tribal

[[Page 67257]]

representatives and Department representatives was formed. The 
subcommittee met regularly to review the ``As-Is'' processes for 
performing major trust functions at that time. From this ``As-Is'' 
model, the subcommittee identified business goals and objectives the 
Department should meet in fulfilling its trust responsibilities and 
providing improved services to trust beneficiaries. These business 
goals and objectives provided strategic direction for development of 
the ``To-Be'' model, known as the Fiduciary Trust Model (FTM). The FTM 
redesigns trust processes into more efficient, consistent, integrated, 
and fiscally responsible business processes. In developing the FTM, the 
team incorporated years of Departmental consultation with tribes. The 
Department adopted the FTM in December 2004 to guide trust reform.
    On August 8, 2006, the Department published a proposed rule at 71 
FR 4517 which addressed the FTM's goals for regulatory changes to the 
probate process. Today's rulemaking finalizes the proposed rule, with 
changes addressing comments received during the public comment period.

B. The Need for This Final Rulemaking

    Since adopting the FTM, the Department formed an FTM Implementation 
Team with tribal representatives. The FTM Implementation Team is 
leading internal organizational changes for improving performance and 
accountability in management of the trust. At the beginning of the 
reengineering process, the Joint Task Force had anticipated that 
regulatory changes would be necessary to fully implement trust reform. 
The Team has since determined, and the Secretary has confirmed, that 
certain regulatory changes are indeed needed to enable the Department 
to fully implement the FTM. Today's final rule includes many of these 
necessary regulatory changes.
    Additionally, Congress enacted the American Indian Probate Reform 
Act of 2004. AIPRA amends ILCA to better meet the trust reform goals 
for land consolidation articulated in ILCA. Many of the regulatory 
changes within these rules reflect recent changes to the law by the 
enactment of AIPRA.

C. Development of Regulatory Language

    This final rulemaking encompasses tribal and Departmental 
representatives' efforts who have provided comments throughout the 
trust reform process. These efforts guided in-house teams in drafting 
the specific regulatory language. The in-house teams consisted of 
Federal personnel from Department headquarters and the field, and 
included program officers and Department attorneys possessing extensive 
expertise in probate.
    On December 27, 2005, the Department shared advance copies of the 
regulatory language (identified as ``preliminary drafts'' throughout 
this preamble) with leaders of each federally recognized tribal 
government, as well as additional contacts in Indian country, for their 
input and recommendations. The Department also presented the 
preliminary drafts and obtained the input of tribes at two formal 
consultation meetings: One in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on February 14-
15, 2006, and one in Portland, Oregon, on March 29, 2006. Comments 
received during these consultations and in the time leading up to this 
publication have identified several issues that the Department 
considered in revising the preliminary drafts for publication as a 
proposed rule.
    The Department published the proposed rule on August 8, 2006, at 71 
FR 45173 and held additional tribal consultations in August 2006.

III. Overview of Final Rule

    The final rule amends various parts of the CFR to further implement 
Indian trust management reform and ILCA, as amended by AIPRA. The 
Department is not yet finalizing 25 CFR part 150, Indian Land Title of 
Record, or 25 CFR 152, Conveyances of Trust or Restricted Indian Land, 
Removal of Trust or Restricted Status; however, the remaining proposed 
regulations, 25 CFR parts 15, 18, and 179, and 43 CFR parts 4 and 30 
are being finalized today. Together, these amendments form an 
integrated approach to Indian trust management related to probates that 
allow the Department to better meet the needs of its beneficiaries. The 
amendments incorporate AIPRA changes to probate, promote consolidation 
and the reduction of fractionation of interests, and improve service to 
beneficiaries. The amendments also make changes in accordance with the 
Plain Language Initiative (63 FR 31885 (June 10, 1998)) to facilitate 
ease of use and public comprehension.

IV. Overview of Public Comments

    As noted above, the Department held tribal consultations on this 
rule. A court reporter transcribed each comment made orally at these 
consultations. In addition, the Department received approximately 21 
written comments via letter, facsimile, e-mail, and the comment entry 
form at http://www.doitrustregs.com during the formal comment period.
    Publication of the proposed rule opened the original public comment 
period on August 8, 2006 (see 71 FR 45173). Comments were originally 
due by October 10, 2006. On November 1, 2006, the Department reopened 
the comment period for an additional 60 days to January 2, 2007 (see 71 
FR 64181). The Department again reopened the public comment period on 
January 25, 2007, for an additional 60 days to March 12, 2007 (see 71 
FR 3377).
    Public comments ranged from the very general, regarding the 
Department's approach to tribal consultations, to the very specific, 
regarding the language used in a particular proposed regulation. The 
Department reviewed and discussed each written and transcribed comment 
at intra-Departmental workgroup meetings held in Albuquerque, New 
Mexico, the week of March 19, 2007, and continued to refine the 
regulations throughout the following year. Through close coordination 
among the members, the workgroups drafted changes to the regulations as 
appropriate to address comments.

V. Part-by-Part Discussion

    The following sections provide a summary of public comments on the 
proposed rule and changes the final rule makes to the proposed rule. 
The following sections also provide distribution tables showing where 
general content in the current rule can be found in the final rule, by 
listing the current CFR sections that the final rule amends and the new 
CFR sections. For a description of changes made to the preliminary 
drafts, which were distributed to tribes in December 2005 and 
incorporated into the proposed rule, refer to the proposed rule at 71 
FR 45173 (August 8, 2006).
    This preamble does not specifically address all non-substantive 
changes or editorial wording changes.

A. 25 CFR Part 15--Probate of Indian Estates

    The purpose of this part is to describe the authorities, policies, 
and procedures the BIA (or tribe that has contracted or compacted to 
fulfill probate functions) uses to prepare a probate file for an Indian 
decedent's trust estate, except for restricted land derived from 
allotments made to members of the Osage Nation and the Five Civilized 
Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole).

[[Page 67258]]

1. Public Comments
a. Applicability to Alaska
    One commenter requested that the Department clarify the 
applicability of this part to Alaska. The Department has added such 
clarification at section 15.1(b).
b. Definitions
    Several commenters questioned how eligibility for membership in a 
tribe is determined in the context of whether someone meets the 
definition of ``Indian.'' AIPRA established a new definition of 
``Indian,'' which now includes persons eligible for membership in any 
Indian tribe. See 25 U.S.C. 2201(2)(A). Part 15 incorporates this new 
definition in its definition of ``Indian'' in section 15.2 and by 
requiring information regarding eligibility for membership in an Indian 
tribe to be included in the probate file under section 15.202. The 
tribe determines its own membership. BIA will need information from the 
tribes on their eligibility requirements; however, BIA will not require 
tribal certification as to a particular person's eligibility. Once the 
information is sent to the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA), the 
judge will apply the tribe's enrollment standards during the probate 
process in order to determine who may inherit. The judge's 
determination as to eligibility for probate purposes does not affect 
the tribe's determination as to membership.
    One commenter asked whether a person would be considered ``eligible 
for membership'' in an Indian tribe if the tribe's code prevents 
inheritance. Eligibility for membership relates only to the definition 
of ``Indian'' under AIPRA and is a separate issue from whether, under a 
tribe's code, a particular class of people may inherit.
    Another commenter suggested adding a definition for ``testator.'' 
The Department has added this definition in section 15.2.
    Two commenters pointed out that the definition of ``trust 
personalty'' in the proposed rule would not include reindeer subject to 
the Reindeer Act of 1937, as amended, 50 Stat. 900; 25 U.S.C. 500-500n, 
or fossils removed from trust land over which the Secretary has trust 
responsibility. The Department has amended the definition of ``trust 
personalty'' in the final rule to include personal property that may be 
subject to Secretarial supervision, such as the ``trust reindeer.'' 
This amendment does not expand Secretarial obligations, but merely 
recognizes existing obligations.
    One commenter stated that BIA is mentioned in several headings, but 
the definition of BIA does not include tribes that are contracting or 
compacting the probate function. The Department has reviewed the 
headings to ensure that the more general term ``agency'' is used when 
appropriate to include contracting or compacting tribes acting in place 
of BIA in performing the preparation of the probate package. 
Additionally, the text of the section clarifies the actor through the 
use of ``we'' and ``us,'' which are defined as including contracting 
and compacting tribes.
    One commenter requested a new definition for ``testamentary 
capacity.'' Because testamentary capacity is a determination made by 
the judge, the Department does not believe a definition is appropriate 
here.
    One commenter noted that, in section 15.201, using the term ``we'' 
when identifying who will transfer the probate file to OHA is 
ambiguous. The Department again points the commenter to the definition 
of ``we'' as including contracting and compacting tribes.
c. Claims
    One commenter asked whether proposed section 15.202 (final sections 
15.302 through 15.305), which allows the use of trust personalty to 
satisfy claims, also allows land to be sold to satisfy claims against 
the estate. The answer is no, land interests cannot be sold to satisfy 
claims against the estate.
    Another commenter asked whether statutes of limitations may bar 
claims against an Indian estate. Statutes of limitations do apply to 
claims against Indian estates. If the statute of limitations on a claim 
has already run, the creditor cannot resurrect the claim during probate 
of the estate.
    Certain kinds of claims are barred altogether. For example, claims 
by States and counties are barred (e.g., if a State seeks reimbursement 
of welfare assistance). Claims for unliquidated damages or unliquidated 
claims are barred because the Department does not have jurisdiction to 
determine those claims or pay them out of trust assets. See 43 CFR 
30.143, below.
    Several commenters asked whether an assignment of income would be 
considered a claim or would continue with the land. An assignment is 
not the same as a debt, but is a manner or method of payment of a debt. 
Whether an assignment of income survives a decedent, or does not 
survive a decedent but may be relevant to the allowance of a claim 
against the estate, depends on the specific language of the assignment 
and debt instrument. In some cases, an assignment of income is a 
personal act of the assignor and upon the death of the assignor, the 
assignment dies. The underlying debt could be the basis of a claim 
against the estate, if a balance remains unpaid. The final provision at 
43 CFR 30.146 makes it clear that claims may be paid only from 
intangible trust personalty in a decedent's IIM account or due and 
payable to the decedent on the date of death. However, if the decedent 
entered into a valid assignment of income from specific identified 
trust property, if the assignment specifically provides that it 
survives the decedent, and if the assignment was approved by the 
Secretary, the trust property affected by the assignment would likely 
pass subject to the assignment and would not be subject to the 
limitation that applies to claims. Similarly, trust property that is 
subject to a mortgage passes to the heirs or devisees subject to that 
mortgage.
d. Timeframes
    Several commenters addressed the current delay in probating Indian 
estates and requested the inclusion of timeframes for preparation of 
the probate package by BIA (or the contracting or compacting tribe). 
During the probate process, many factors can affect the timing, 
including cooperation by tribes, family members, and probable heirs and 
the availability of Departmental resources. The Department decided not 
to include deadlines for preparation of the probate package because 
each case is unique; some cases require more time to compile the 
necessary information, while others require less. We have added a 
timeframe that once the probate package is complete, it will be 
forwarded to OHA within 30 days (section 15.401).
    One commenter stated that the 30-day appeal time provided in 
section 15.403 is too short given that addresses may change, mail may 
need to be forwarded, and individuals may not understand the need to 
speak with a tribal or BIA representative about the implications of a 
decision. The Department weighed the interests of those who may want to 
appeal and the potential for circumstances such as those identified by 
the commenter against the interests of those waiting for distribution 
of the probated assets. Based on this weighing of interests, the 
Department determined that 30 days is a reasonable amount of time.
e. AIPRA
    Several commenters had miscellaneous questions and comments 
regarding the statutory language and effect of AIPRA. For example, one 
commenter expressed concern that

[[Page 67259]]

AIPRA may allow interests to be inherited by non-Indians. In response, 
the Department notes that AIPRA prevents land from leaving trust status 
through intestacy and points the commenter to the definitions of 
``Indian'' (25 U.S.C. 2201(2)) and ``eligible heirs'' (25 U.S.C. 
2201(9)).
    Another commenter requested clarification of the phrase ``lineal 
descendants within two degrees of consanguinity'' in AIPRA's definition 
of ``eligible heirs.'' A child or grandchild would be a lineal 
descendant within two degrees of consanguinity of a decedent.
    One commenter asked about the threshold for interests to be subject 
to purchase at probate without consent. AIPRA is clear in stating that 
consent is not required where the interest passing to the heir 
intestate is less than 5 percent. See 25 U.S.C. 2206(o)(5). Section 
15.202(e)(2) establishes that the probate file will include an 
inventory of, among other things, interests that represent less than 5 
percent of the undivided interest in a parcel.
    One commenter suggested that section 15.401, which provides that 
tribes will receive notice of a prepared probate package only for 
interests that are less than 5 percent, should include large interests 
because the tribe may want to exercise a purchase option, particularly 
where the land might go out of trust or be inherited by a non-tribal 
member. The tribe can obtain information on ownership of trust 
interests at any time, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 2216(e). Additionally, OHA 
will provide the tribe with jurisdiction with notice of the formal 
probate proceeding for all probate cases in which the decedent died on 
or after June 20, 2006, pursuant to 43 CFR 30.213 and 30.214.
    A commenter noted that several of the ``2 percent or less'' 
interests that escheated to the tribes under the ILCA provision that 
was ruled unconstitutional in Youpee v. Babbitt, 519 U.S. 234 (1997), 
have yet to be returned to the estates from which they were taken. This 
commenter stated that it is difficult to determine whether a decedent's 
interest is less than 5 percent for the purposes of AIPRA's single heir 
rule, given that many of these ``2 percent or less'' interests have not 
yet been returned. The Department recognizes that this is an issue. The 
Department is addressing this issue and is tracking progress in 
returning the ``2 percent or less'' interests. Nevertheless, the single 
heir rule is a statutory requirement of AIPRA and not subject to 
modification in these regulations.
f. Will Drafting and Storage
    Two commenters suggested including a provision in part 15 
authorizing the use of electronic copies of wills, codicils, and 
revocations. Probate of electronic wills and related documents is not 
an accepted judicial practice at this time; however, should it become 
an accepted practice in the future, the Department will reconsider this 
suggestion.
    Several commenters questioned why the Department is no longer 
providing will-drafting services to Indians or accepting wills for 
storage. Part 15 does not address will-drafting services or will 
storage; however, the Department will address this comment here, given 
its relevance. The Department's April 21, 2005 policy on wills and 
estate planning services discontinues the Department's practice of 
assisting Indians in preparing wills by acting as a scrivener. This 
policy also discontinues the Department's practice of accepting wills 
for storage. The Department will continue to store those wills that 
were in our possession as of April 29, 2005. However, the Department 
has elected not to exercise our discretionary right to continue 
accepting and storing any wills not in our possession as of April 29, 
2005. A testator may keep his or her will with other important papers 
or give it to someone else to store safely. Family members or others 
with access to the will should present it to BIA upon the death of the 
testator.
    A commenter asked to change section 15.3 to eliminate or provide 
exceptions to the requirement that a person be 18 years of age or over 
to make a will disposing of trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty. The Department reviewed this request and determined that 
the Secretary does not have the authority to change the age requirement 
because it is statutorily established. See 25 U.S.C. 373.
g. Miscellaneous
    One commenter stated that requiring a birth certificate as part of 
the probate file creates a hardship. The Department recognizes that 
many people do not have a birth certificate, and therefore has deleted 
the requirement for a birth certificate to be included in the probate 
file.
    One commenter suggested amending section 15.202 to require 
appraisal information as part of the probate file, in support of 
purchases at probate or settlement agreements. The Department has 
determined that it is more efficient for OHA to request appraisal 
information on an as-needed basis than to require an appraisal in 
support of every probate.
    Several commenters asked whether the decedent's family has access 
to the probate file. Access to the probate file is governed by the 
Privacy Act insofar as the file contains personal identifying 
information of living persons, such as heirs or devisees. These 
commenters also stated that section 15.504 is unclear because the 
language does not appear to respond to the heading ``Who may inspect 
these records?'' The Department has revised the heading to better 
address the content of this provision.
    One commenter asked how often a claim to recover the costs of 
searching for an absent interest owner by an independent firm would 
occur, under section 15.106(d). The purpose of this provision is to 
allow for a determination as to whether an interest owner is deceased, 
and if so, connect heirs and devisees to property. Whether an estate is 
charged for a search will depend on the size of the estate. BIA decides 
whether it will conduct that search in any particular case. Ultimately, 
OHA will decide on a case-by-case basis whether a search would be 
chargeable as a cost of administration of the estate.
    One commenter noted that part 15 does not address handwritten wills 
and asked whether the Department will accept them. The Department will 
accept a will that is handwritten, but it still must meet the minimum 
formalities of execution: A testamentary instrument signed by the 
testator, dated, and witnessed by two disinterested adults. See 25 CFR 
15.4. The same commenter asked whether tribal notaries may notarize 
signatures even if the tribe has a statutory option to purchase. The 
fact that the notary is a tribal employee does not disqualify that 
person from serving as a notary, because the notary only acknowledges 
the signatures. However, the two witnesses under section 15.4 must be 
disinterested.
    Several commenters asked whether Mutual Help houses are probated by 
OHA. ``Mutual Help'' refers to housing grants from the U.S. Department 
of Housing and Urban Development administered by Indian housing 
authorities. There may be circumstances in which a Mutual Help house 
would be probated by OHA.
2. Changes From the Proposed Rule
    The Department amended the title of part 15 to reflect established 
statutory law that, in effect, exempts members of the Osage Nation from 
part 15.
    To improve the organization, the Department switched the order of 
subparts C and D, since preparation of the probate file logically comes 
before

[[Page 67260]]

obtaining emergency assistance and filing claims. The Department also 
moved proposed section 15.505 to final 15.203, and renumbered proposed 
15.303 to become final 15.204 and proposed 15.506 to become final 
15.505. Proposed section 15.505 relates to information the tribe must 
provide to complete the probate file, which fits better in subpart C 
(``Preparing the Probate File''), than with provisions relating to 
records.
    In section 15.1, the Department clarified applicability of the rule 
to Alaska.
    In section 15.2, the Department added definitions for ``affidavit'' 
and ``testator'' in response to a public comment. The Department also 
clarified that ``child'' includes natural children, clarified 
``eligible heir'' and ``Indian'' by adding an ``or'' in each, clarified 
``will,'' and clarified ``you'' by defining interested parties as the 
universe of persons that may be referred to by this term. The 
Department added a definition for ``lockbox'' in response to a comment.
    In section 15.9, the Department changed the wording to allow a 
person to either swear or affirm.
    In section 15.104, the Department made editorial changes to clarify 
the requirement for a death certificate or certified copy of a death 
certificate, and to specify the contents of an affidavit provided in 
lieu of a death certificate.
    In section 15.202 (proposed section 15.302), the Department deleted 
the reference to BIA's querying sources, since the focus of the section 
is on the content of the probate file, not BIA's process for assembling 
the probate file. Final section 15.204 covers BIA's obligation with 
respect to querying sources.
    In section 15.301, the Department deleted paragraphs (c)(2) and 
(c)(3) because these factors, ``the number of potential heirs or 
devisees'' and ``the amount of any claims against the estate,'' 
respectively, are not routinely considered in determining whether to 
approve expenditures from an IIM account to cover burial costs.
    In sections 15.302 through 15.305, the Department clarifies how to 
file claims in formal probate proceedings and summary probate 
proceedings, in response to comments. The Department clarifies that 
creditor claims may be filed with the agency (which includes compacting 
and contracting tribes) before the agency transfers the probate file to 
OHA. After the file is transferred, claims may be filed with OHA. In 
any formal proceeding, claims must be filed before the conclusion of 
the first hearing at OHA. Section 15.305 now also specifies that an 
affidavit must include a statement as to whether the creditor or anyone 
on behalf of the creditor has filed a claim or sought reimbursement 
against the decedent's trust or restricted property in any other 
judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, and the status of such action.
    Section 15.305(a)(5) is reworded to require the creditor to 
disclose any evidence that the decedent disputed the amount of the 
claim.
    In section 15.403, the Department adds a cross reference to 43 CFR 
parts 4 and 30 and restates that, after a judge's decision on 
rehearing, a person may file an appeal within 30 days of the date of 
mailing the decision.
    In section 15.501, the Department added ``OHA'' as a source for 
information on the status of a probate. The Department also removed the 
telephone number for the Trust Beneficiary Call Center (888-678-6836, 
ext. 0) in this section and in section 15.103 because any future change 
in the telephone number would have required a regulatory amendment.
3. Distribution Table--25 CFR Part 15
    The following distribution table indicates where each of the 
current regulatory sections in 25 CFR part 15 is located in the final 
25 CFR part 15.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Current citation        New citation              Title
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.1.......................            15.1  What is the purpose of this
                                              part?
15.2.......................            15.2  What definitions do I need
                                              to know?
                                       15.3  Who can make a will
                                              disposing of trust or
                                              restricted land or trust
                                              personalty?
                                       15.4  What are the requirements
                                              for a valid will?
                                       15.5  May I revoke my will?
                                       15.6  May my will be deemed
                                              revoked by the operation
                                              of the law of any State?
                                       15.7  What is a self-proved will?
                                       15.8  May I make my will,
                                              codicil, or revocation
                                              self-proved?
                                       15.9  What information must be
                                              included in an affidavit
                                              for a self-proved will,
                                              codicil, or revocation?
15.3.......................           15.10  Will the Secretary probate
                                              all the land or assets in
                                              an estate?
15.4.......................           15.11  What are the basic steps of
                                              the probate process?
                                      15.12  What happens if assets in a
                                              trust estate may be
                                              diminished or destroyed
                                              while the probate is
                                              pending?
15.101.....................          15.103  How do I begin the probate
                                              process?
                                     15.104  Does the agency need a
                                              death certificate to
                                              prepare a probate file?
15.102.....................          15.102  Who may notify the agency
                                              of a death?
15.103.....................          15.101  When should I notify the
                                              agency of a death of a
                                              person owning trust or
                                              restricted property?
15.104, 15.105.............          15.105  What other documents does
                                              the agency need to prepare
                                              a probate file?
15.106.....................          15.301  May I receive funds from
                                              the decedent's IIM account
                                              for funeral services?
15.107.....................          15.107  Who prepares the probate
                                              file?
15.108.....................          15.108  If the decedent was not an
                                              enrolled member of a tribe
                                              or was a member of more
                                              than one tribe, who
                                              prepares the probate file?
                                     15.106  May a probate case be
                                              initiated when an owner of
                                              an interest has been
                                              absent?
15.201.....................          15.201  What will the agency do
                                              with the documents that I
                                              provide?
15.202.....................          15.302  May I file a claim against
                                              the estate?
                                     15.303  Where may I file my claim
                                              against an estate?
                                     15.304  When must I file my claim?
                                     15.305  What must I include with my
                                              claim?
15.203.....................          15.202  What items must the agency
                                              include in the probate
                                              file?
                                     15.203  What information must
                                              tribes provide BIA to
                                              complete the probate file?
                                     15.204  When is a probate file
                                              complete?
15.301.....................          15.401  What happens after BIA
                                              prepares the probate file?
15.302.....................          15.402  What happens after the
                                              probate file is referred
                                              to OHA?
15.303.....................          15.403  What happens after the
                                              probate order is issued?
15.401.....................          15.501  How may I find out the
                                              status of a probate?
15.402.....................          15.502  Who owns the records
                                              associated with this part?

[[Page 67261]]

 
15.403.....................          15.503  How must records associated
                                              with this part be
                                              preserved?
                                     15.504  Who may inspect records and
                                              records management
                                              practices?
                                     15.505  How does the Paperwork
                                              Reduction Act affect this
                                              part?
------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. 25 CFR 18--Tribal Probate Codes

    This new CFR part addresses the process for obtaining Secretarial 
approval of a tribal probate code and lists factors the Secretary will 
consider in reviewing the tribal probate code for approval.
1. Public Comments
a. Applicability to Alaska
    At least one commenter noted that Alaska tribes may enact tribal 
probate codes, but that AIPRA does not apply. Part 18 does not apply to 
Alaska lands.
b. Adjudication Functions
    One commenter asked whether a tribe can contract the probate 
adjudication functions. While tribes may contract probate file 
preparation (the BIA function), tribes cannot contract the adjudication 
function (the OHA function) because the adjudication function--
determining ownership of trust land, title to which is held by the 
United States for the benefit of tribes and individual Indians--is an 
inherently Federal function. In adjudicating probates, OHA will apply a 
tribal probate code so long as it is consistent with Federal law and 
approved pursuant to AIPRA where applicable.
c. 180-Day Time Periods
    Several commenters stated that they believe the 180-day period for 
the Department to review and come to a decision whether to approve the 
code is excessive. These commenters point out that ILCA, as amended by 
AIPRA, establishes 180 days as an absolute deadline for the Department 
to come to a decision, but does not prevent the Department from 
establishing a shorter timeline. The Department is exercising the 
authority granted by Congress to take up to 180 days to review tribal 
probate codes. See 25 U.S.C. 2205(b)(2)(A).
    Several commenters stated that they believe the second 180-day 
period--from approval of the tribal probate code to when the code may 
become effective--is also excessive. ILCA, as amended by AIPRA 
establishes that the tribal probate code may not be effective for 180 
days following approval to allow tribal members adequate opportunity to 
amend their wills. See 25 U.S.C. 2205(b)(3). One commenter asked when 
those provisions of a tribal probate code that do not require 
Secretarial approval will become effective. Part 18 addresses only 
those sections of a tribal probate code dealing with trust property. 
The 180-day time period applies only to the provisions dealing with 
trust property. All other provisions may become effective at the time 
prescribed by the tribe.
d. Single Heir Rule
    One commenter asked whether tribal probate codes must provide that 
interests less than 5 percent must pass in accordance with the single 
heir rule. Section 2205 of ILCA, as amended by AIPRA, says the code 
must be consistent with the goals of ILCA. One of those goals is to 
reduce fractionation; therefore, no more than one individual can 
inherit less than 5 percent of the total undivided ownership in a 
parcel through intestacy. Under AIPRA, the single heir rule does not 
apply to interests that are 5 percent or greater or interests devised 
through a will. The Department also clarified in final section 18.301 
that a tribe may adopt a single heir rule without adopting a full 
tribal probate code. Another commenter noted that ILCA, as amended by 
AIPRA, allows tribes to adopt a single heir rule that distributes to a 
different single heir from that designated by statute. The Department 
clarified this point in final section 18.301. Another commenter asked 
what timelines apply to single heir rules submitted separately from, or 
without, a tribal probate code. The Department has added subpart D to 
address this comment.
e. Miscellaneous
    One commenter stated that part 18 should be revised to expressly 
limit the Department's review of sections of the tribal probate code 
that govern trust and restricted lands. The Department has added 
sections 18.103 and 18.203 to clarify which provisions of a tribal 
probate code are subject to its approval.
    At least one commenter questioned whether the commenter's specific 
tribe may enact a tribal probate code. Congress enacted some statutes 
specific to tribes. Nothing in AIPRA amends or otherwise affects the 
application of the tribe-specific laws addressed in 25 U.S.C. 2206(g). 
However, a tribe may use AIPRA and its Congressionally enacted statute 
to develop and adopt its own probate code.
    Several commenters noted that, in final section 18.106, the 
provision stating that a tribal probate code must allow an Indian 
lineal descendant of the original allottee and an Indian who is not a 
member of the Indian tribe with jurisdiction over the interest in land 
to ``inherit'' is inaccurate, because ILCA, as amended by AIPRA, states 
that the tribal probate code must allow such persons to receive by will 
(i.e., by devise). The Department agrees with this comment and has 
incorporated the change in section 18.106(c) and (d).
    One commenter stated that the proposed section 18.4, which had 
stated that the tribal probate code be submitted to the local Bureau 
official, was not specific enough. The Department has responded by 
including the specific address to which tribal probate codes should be 
submitted at section 18.105, and has changed the recipient to Central 
Office rather than local Bureau officials.
    A few commenters requested more guidance as to what parts of a 
tribal probate code are subject to Secretarial approval. Final part 18 
clarifies that only those tribal probate codes containing provisions 
regarding the descent and distribution of trust or restricted lands 
require and are subject to Secretarial approval. The Department 
published a model tribal probate code in the Federal Register to 
provide suggested guidelines for tribes considering the creation and 
adoption of a tribal probate code containing provisions applicable to 
trust and restricted property. See 72 FR 54674 (September 26, 2007).
    One commenter stated that proposed 25 CFR 18.3(c)(2) was 
inconsistent with AIPRA. The commenter pointed out that this regulation 
allowed a spouse or a lineal descendent of either the testator or the 
original allottee to reserve a life estate. The commenter noted that 
including descendents of the original allottee in 25 CFR 18.3(c)(2) as 
eligible to reserve a life estate under a tribal probate code expands 
the class of persons contemplated by AIPRA. The Department agrees with 
this comment and has deleted the reference to descendents of the 
original allottee in 25 CFR 18.3(c)(2).
    AIPRA does not allow a tribal probate code to prohibit the devise 
of an interest in trust or restricted property to an

[[Page 67262]]

Indian lineal descendent of the original allottee or an Indian who is 
not a member of the tribe with jurisdiction over the interest in land 
unless the following conditions are met: (1) The code allows those 
individuals to renounce their interests to eligible devisees in 
accordance with the tribal code; (2) the code allows a devisee spouse 
or lineal descendant of the testator to reserve a life estate without 
regard to waste; and (3) the code requires the payment of fair market 
value as determined by us on the date of the decedent's death. The 
final rule complies with AIPRA. The relevant provisions are now found 
at 25 CFR 18.106(c) and (d).
2. Changes From the Proposed Rule
    The Department reorganized the proposed rule, by separating into 
three distinct subparts provisions related to tribal probate codes, 
amendments to tribal probate codes, and single heir rules submitted 
separately from tribal probate codes. This reorganization should allow 
users to more readily locate the provisions they are interested in.
    The Department also changed who tribes should submit their tribal 
probate codes to, requiring them to submit to Central Office, rather 
than local Bureau officials. This allows a specific address to be 
included, as requested by a commenter. The Department also added 
several additional sections for further clarification. For example, the 
Department added a new section 18.1 to make the purposes of part 18 
explicit. The Department also clarifies that a tribe must obtain 
approval of the tribal probate code only if the code governs descent 
and distribution of trust and restricted lands (see final sections 
18.101 and 18.102). The Department added a new section 18.103 to 
clarify which provisions of a tribal probate code are subject to the 
Secretary's approval.
    In response to comments, the Department added a new subpart D to 
clarify that a tribe may enact a single heir rule without enacting a 
tribal probate code and to clarify the approval timeline for a single 
heir rule that is not part of a tribal probate code.
    To make the approval process more transparent, the Department also 
clarified what the Secretary will consider in the approval decision 
(see final section 18.106) and the procedure for obtaining Secretarial 
approval of amendments to tribal probate codes (see subpart C).
    The Department deleted proposed 18.12(b) regarding appeals of a 
denial by the Assistant Secretary--Indian Affairs to the Board of 
Indian Appeals because the Board generally lacks authority to review 
decisions of the Assistant Secretary, and even if such authority were 
granted, the time limits imposed by AIPRA essentially exclude the 
possibility of review by the Board.
    In final sections 18.110, 18.207, and 18.306, the Department 
clarifies when a tribal probate code, amendment, and single heir rule, 
respectively, becomes effective if it is approved by the Department's 
inaction.

    Note: A distribution table is not included here because these 
provisions are new.

C. 25 CFR Part 179--Life Estates and Future Interests

    This part sets forth the authorities, policy, and procedures 
governing the administration by the Secretary of life estates and 
future interests in Indian lands. Many of the provisions are effective 
only in the absence of language to the contrary in the document 
creating the life estate (i.e., probate order or conveyance document).
1. Public Comments
    The public comments on proposed 25 CFR part 179 overwhelmingly 
objected to the proposed revisions as confusing. The public comments 
stated that such confusing language makes it difficult for people to 
ensure that their property will be distributed in accordance with their 
intent when their will or conveyance includes life estates and future 
interests. For this reason, the Department has decided not to adopt 
most of the changes it proposed, with a few exceptions.
    Commenters also objected to the apparent prohibition on successive 
life estates. The Department has decided not to adopt the proposed 
changes that would have prohibited successive life estates.
    Additionally, several commenters objected to the provisions at 
proposed section 179.8 stating that members of a class are determined 
at the time a conveyance document is approved or at the death of 
decedent. Commenters objected to these provisions because ILCA, as 
amended by AIPRA, explicitly states that the time for ascertaining a 
class is the time the devise is to take effect in enjoyment. Likewise, 
commenters objected to proposed section 179.7 establishing that the 
Department will determine whether a condition is satisfied upon the 
Department's approval of the conveyance document or upon the death of 
the decedent. The Department has not adopted these proposed provisions.
    Commenters also objected to limiting rights to dispose of property 
in probate or by gift. The Department has decided not to adopt the 
changes it proposed that would have limited rights to dispose of 
property in probate or by gift.
    One commenter asked whether mineral rights could be given as a life 
estate, without rights to the surface. In a will, a testator may devise 
a life interest in the mineral estate and may define the extent of 
damage the life tenant may do. This rule only establishes guidelines in 
the absence of the language in the document establishing the life 
estate.
    Another commenter asked whether a person holding a life estate 
``without regard to waste'' is entitled to harvest timber without the 
consent of the remaindermen. The Department has added a new section 
179.202 to address this and other situations regarding depletion of 
resources.
    A few commenters asked about the meaning of the phrase ``without 
regard to waste.'' AIPRA established the definition and the Department 
is bound by its applicability.
2. Changes From Proposed Rule
    As stated above, in response to comments, the Department has not 
adopted most of the changes it proposed, with a few exceptions. In 
section 179.1, the Department clarified the scope and purpose of part 
179, establishing three separate subparts. In section 179.2, the 
Department reinserted a definition for ``agency,'' clarified that 
agency includes compacting and contracting tribes, and retained an 
amended version of ``life estate.'' In addition, the Department added 
definitions for ``life estate without regard to waste'' and ``rents and 
profits.'' In section 179.3, the Department clarifies the application 
of law to include AIPRA. The Department also added a new section 179.4 
to clarify how a life estate terminates.
    The Department has retained the proposed use of Actuarial Table S 
in proposed section 179.13 (now in final section 179.102) rather than 
the table in the currently effective version of part 179, and has 
retained the explanatory paragraph stating that the Department will 
periodically review and revise the rate of return. The Department has 
also retained a revised version of the provision in proposed section 
179.12(b) (now in final section 179.201) establishing distribution for 
life estates without regard to waste.
    The Department has deleted proposed provisions related to classes 
and proposed provisions regarding the privileges and responsibilities 
of a life

[[Page 67263]]

tenant. The Department also deleted proposed section 179.11, regarding 
how a future interest holder can stop a life tenant from damaging or 
substantially diminishing the future interest, because the Department 
is already authorized as trustee to take action where appropriate.
3. Distribution Table--25 CFR Part 179
    The following distribution table indicates where each of the 
current regulatory sections in 25 CFR part 179 is located in the final 
25 CFR part 179.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Current citation        New citation              Title
------------------------------------------------------------------------
179.1......................           179.1  What is the purpose of this
                                              part?
179.2......................           179.2  What definitions do I need
                                              to know?
179.3......................           179.3  What law applies to life
                                              estates?
                                      179.4  When does a life estate
                                              terminate?
179.4......................         179.101  How does the Secretary
                                              distribute principal and
                                              income to the holder of a
                                              life estate?
179.5......................         179.102  How does the Secretary
                                              calculate the value of a
                                              remainder and a life
                                              estate?
179.6......................           179.5  What documents will the BIA
                                              use to record termination
                                              of a life estate?
                                    179.201  How does the Secretary
                                              distribute principal and
                                              income to the hold of a
                                              life estate without regard
                                              to waste?
                                    179.202  Can the holder of a life
                                              tenancy without regard to
                                              waste deplete the
                                              resources?
------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. 43 CFR Part 4, Subpart D--Department Hearings and Appeals 
Procedures, Rules Applicable in Indian Affairs Hearings and Appeals

    Currently, subpart D of 43 CFR part 4 addresses how OHA probates a 
trust estate after receipt of the probate file that BIA prepares under 
25 CFR part 15. The amendments relocate the probate hearing procedures 
to a new part 30 and amend these procedures to improve clarity and to 
include new provisions implementing ILCA, as amended by AIPRA. See the 
discussion of these changes below.

E. 43 CFR Part 30--Indian Probate Hearings Procedures

    This newly established part addresses probate hearing procedures.
1. Public Comments
a. Applicability to Alaska
    One commenter requested that the Department clarify the 
applicability of this part to Alaska. The Department has added such 
clarification at section 30.100(c).
b. Claims
    One commenter asked whether legal notice to creditors is still 
required, and noted that the BIA staff will not know the deadline for 
submitting claims, since it is now the date of the first hearing. 
Creditors will receive constructive or actual notice by OHA of the 
first hearing, either by posting of the notice of hearing or by mailing 
of the notice to creditors whose claims were presented to BIA prior to 
transfer of the probate file to OHA. Creditors may still file their 
claims with the BIA prior to transfer of the probate file to OHA, and 
BIA staff will know whether the file has been transferred, in which 
case they can refer the creditor to OHA for more information about the 
filing.
    One commenter asked whether a mortgage is a claim against an 
estate. The Department treats the mortgage as an encumbrance on the 
land. The trust property will pass through the estate encumbered by the 
mortgage.
    Several commenters asked whether various loans or assignments would 
be considered claims against the estate. See the discussion of 
``Claims'' under 25 CFR part 15, above, for information on assignments. 
One commenter asked specifically whether a loan for which a lien on 
farming equipment is placed would be a claim in probate. A loan secured 
by farming equipment is not a trust probate issue because the equipment 
is not trust property. Under these regulations, the creditor must 
exhaust the security and must show evidence of any balance due after 
the exhaustion of the security before making a claim against trust 
assets. See final 25 CFR 15.305(c) and 43 CFR 30.141. Another commenter 
asked specifically whether claims for child support or alimony are 
claims against an estate. If liquidated under the applicable State or 
tribal law, claims for alimony or child support may be considered as 
general claims against the estate.
    One commenter objected to section 30.144 to the extent it would 
allow BIA to petition for costs of administering an estate because it 
is BIA's trust responsibility to do so. This section allows the judge 
the discretion to authorize payment of costs of administering the 
estate where the judge deems it appropriate under specific 
circumstances; the Department does not anticipate that judges will 
routinely authorize payment to BIA.
    One commenter recommended changing the word ``personalty'' to 
``funds'' in section 30.146 because money generated after the date of 
death is generated from the land and goes with those heirs vested in 
the land. The Department agrees that money generated after the 
decedent's death belongs to the heirs or devisees, but it is still 
``trust personalty.'' Trust personalty that accrues after the date of 
the decedent's death from trust or restricted property is not available 
for payment of claims against the estate.
    The discussion of comments on claims under 25 CFR part 15, at 
section V.A(1)(c) of this preamble, above, provides additional 
information on probate claims.
c. Timeframes
    Several commenters suggested adding timeframes to various parts of 
the probate process, including when OHA receives the probate file from 
BIA, notifies potential heirs or devisees, takes action to complete an 
incomplete probate file, provides notice of the hearing, schedules and 
holds hearings, and allows document discovery. One commenter suggested 
that certain classes of probate cases should be completed within 
certain timeframes. The Department decided not to add timelines for 
adjudication of probate estates because each case is unique, some 
requiring more time and some requiring less. During the probate 
process, many factors can affect the timing, including cooperation by 
tribes, family members, and probable heirs and devisees and the 
availability of Departmental resources.
    A few commenters stated that the 30 days provided for filing a 
notice of appeal in 4.321 is not long enough because someone may not 
know of the decision in time, or decide to appeal in time. The 
Department weighed the interests of those who may want to appeal 
against the interests of those waiting for distribution of the probated 
assets and determined that 30 days was an appropriate time period. 
Provisions have been added to the regulations requiring the deciding 
official to give notice to the parties of their rights to further 
review or appeal, and providing that the review or appeal period runs

[[Page 67264]]

from the mailing of a notice, decision, or order (i.e., one that 
includes accurate appeal information).
d. AIPRA
    One commenter asserted that AIPRA conflicts with the Indian Child 
Welfare Act regarding adopted-out children. AIPRA does not necessarily 
cut off the rights of adopted-out heirs. Even though a child has been 
adopted out by the mother (in this case, if the mother gave the child 
up for adoption), if the grandmother continued to maintain a 
relationship with that child, the child could inherit from the 
grandmother. See 25 U.S.C. 2206(j)(2)(B)(ii) and (iii). Another 
commenter stated that AIPRA's ``adopted-out heirs'' provisions are too 
vague. The regulations reflect AIPRA as enacted; however, tribes may 
adopt tribal standards for inheritance by adopted children in their 
tribal probate codes.
    One commenter asked whether interests owned by persons who do not 
respond to notices may be sold without their consent. AIPRA allows 
certain interests to be sold during probate without the consent of the 
owner. See 25 U.S.C. 2206(o), as implemented by 43 CFR part 30, subpart 
G (Purchase at Probate).
    One commenter asserted that abusive spouses should not be eligible 
to inherit. AIPRA provides no basis for disinheriting an abusive 
spouse, except in the extreme case where death results. Under 25 U.S.C. 
2206(i), any person who knowingly participated, either as a principal 
or accessory before the fact, in the willful and unlawful killing of 
the decedent may not take any inheritance or devise.
    One commenter asked how AIPRA affects mineral rights. AIPRA governs 
the descent and distribution of mineral rights to the same extent as 
other property rights.
    Several commenters suggested that the Department has the ability to 
interpret AIPRA, in support of various regulatory changes. The 
Department has based these regulations on AIPRA, as enacted.
e. Purchase at Probate
    Several commenters expressed concern regarding the purchase at 
probate provisions allowing interests to be sold without the owner's 
consent. ILCA, as amended by AIPRA, authorizes the sale without consent 
of interests passing intestate that represent less than 5 percent of 
the entire undivided ownership in the parcel. See 25 U.S.C. 2206(o)(5). 
One commenter asked whether such a sale without the owner's consent is 
constitutional. These regulations implement the statute as enacted. The 
Department notes that all sales under these regulations require that 
the owners be compensated at fair market value.
    Another commenter stated that the sale of property, even property 
of small economic value, without the owner's consent is contrary to 
well-established principles of property law and, as such, should be 
strictly limited. This commenter stated the concern that section 30.163 
is an ill-concealed effort to increase the number of forced sales at 
probate. As previously stated, the regulations interpret AIPRA as 
enacted, which allows for purchase without consent of an interest 
passing by intestate succession, where the ``interest passing to such 
heir represents less than 5 percent of the entire undivided ownership 
of the parcel.'' See 25 U.S.C. 2206(o)(5).
    Another commenter noted that, in some areas, even an interest less 
than 5 percent may be very profitable and stated that such interests 
should not be subject to purchase at probate without the owner's 
consent. The regulations interpret AIPRA as enacted, which allows 
purchase at probate of interests of less than 5 percent without the 
owner's consent; however, the production of income from an interest 
would be considered in arriving at a valuation in the purchase at 
probate process. Valuation can be contested by interlocutory appeal 
before the interest is ordered sold. See 43 CFR 30.169.
    A few commenters expressed concern that a sale of an interest is 
not actually taking place during the probate because the heir or 
devisee only has an expectancy, and his or her ownership in the 
interest does not vest until the final probate order. According to one 
of these commenters, the regulation creates a ``fictional interest'' 
(because the interest is merely an expectancy). The regulations apply 
the purchase at probate provisions of AIPRA as enacted. AIPRA does not 
distinguish between an expectancy and vested interest for the purposes 
of purchases at probate.
    Several commenters expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that 
whether an interest may be purchased without the owner's consent is 
measured by what percentage interest passes to the heir, rather than 
what percentage interest the decedent owned. In other words, these 
commenters believe that purchase without consent should be allowed only 
where the decedent owned a less than 5 percent undivided interest, 
rather than where the heir receives a less than 5 percent interest. For 
example, if a decedent owns a 20 percent interest and has five heirs, 
each receiving a 4 percent interest, then the concern is that the 
entire 20 percent interest would be subject to purchase at probate 
without those heirs' consent. The Department agrees that this situation 
could occur. The regulations apply AIPRA as enacted, which allows for 
purchase without consent of an interest passing by intestate 
succession, where the ``interest passing to such heir represents less 
than 5 percent of the entire undivided ownership of the parcel.'' See 
25 U.S.C. 2206(o)(5).
    One commenter asked when any relevant appraisal information for a 
purchase at probate would be obtained by interested parties. BIA or the 
judge will order an appraisal or other valuation when a request for 
purchase is submitted.
    A few commenters stated that the 30 days provided for filing a 
notice of objection to an appraisal in section 30.169 is not long 
enough. The Department weighed the interests of those who may want to 
object against the interests of those waiting for distribution of the 
probated assets and determined that 30 days was an appropriate time 
period. Many of these same commenters stated that the 30 days should be 
measured from the date of receipt, rather than the date of mailing, of 
the notice. The Department decided against measuring from the date of 
receipt because of the cost of various methods of delivery confirmation 
(certified or registered mail or priority mail with delivery 
confirmation). The Department therefore clarified that time periods are 
measured from the date of mailing in this section, as well as in other 
sections throughout this part.
    One commenter asked whether a deed would be drafted as part of the 
purchase at probate process. The probate order would take the place of 
the deed in the purchase at probate.
    One commenter asked whom the Department will notify of a purchase 
at probate. Section 30.165 establishes whom the Department will notify 
of a request to purchase at probate. A commenter also asked how persons 
who are eligible to purchase at probate are notified of an estate. OHA 
notifies devisees, eligible heirs, and the tribe by mailing and co-
owners by posting. Additionally, ILCA, as amended by AIPRA, provides 
all co-owners and the tribe with the right to request ownership 
information to track interests they would like to purchase.
    One commenter asked whether the consent of the co-owners of an 
interest is required before purchasing an interest at probate. Consent 
of the co-owners is not required for a purchase at probate.

[[Page 67265]]

    One commenter noted that purchases at probate have the potential to 
slow down the probate of an estate considerably, especially where a 
request to purchase is brought before OHA shortly before issuance of 
the final order. This commenter asked if the process could be handled 
by the regional BIA Realty office, instead of OHA. The purchase at 
probate process, as established by AIPRA, may occur only during 
adjudications of an estate by OHA. See 25 U.S.C. 2206(o).
    One commenter expressed some confusion over the process for 
transferring title in a purchase at probate in section 30.173. This 
commenter thought that OHA was to issue an order to LTRO to transfer 
title, and was concerned that the title may not transfer in a 
reasonable time. In fact, the probate order transfers the title, while 
recordation in the LTRO provides notice of the new ownership.
    One commenter expressed concern that a non-Indian may purchase at 
probate. The regulations establish who qualifies as an ``eligible 
purchaser'' at section 30.161, in accordance with AIPRA.
    One commenter asked what happens to an interest if nobody purchases 
the interest at probate. Interests not purchased at probate will pass 
to the heirs according to AIPRA or the applicable probate code, or to 
the devisees according to the will.
    One commenter noted that sections 30.260 to 30.274 refer to tribes 
authorized under particular statutes governing purchases and asked 
whether there will be a separate section for other tribes seeking to 
purchase interests at probate. Other tribes may purchase at probate 
pursuant to subpart G of 43 CFR part 30.
f. Purchase at Probate--Valuation
    Several commenters objected to the proposed provision stating that 
an appraisal of the market value of the interest to be sold at probate 
must be based on an appraisal that gives appropriate consideration to 
the fractionated ownership interest in the parcel. One commenter 
objected to the language because it sets up a framework that prevents 
beneficiaries from receiving the highest possible value for their land, 
which is inconsistent with the Department's trust responsibilities. 
This commenter would support language stating that the appraisal is 
``without consideration of the fractionation of ownership of the 
parcel.'' The Department revised the language, in final section 
30.167(b), to clarify that the market value of the interest to be sold 
at probate must be based on an appraisal that meets the standards in 
the Uniform Standards for Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP), or 
on an alternate valuation method developed by the Secretary.
    Another commenter stated that taking fractionation into account in 
the appraisal may mean that some interests will have no value. 
According to this commenter, this valuation method may also mean that 
an appraisal of a 160-acre allotment that is heavily fractionated will 
result in a discounted value for the whole parcel, even for large 
interest holders within that parcel. This commenter stated that the 
valuation method may depreciate the appraised value of Indian trust 
lands as a whole, whether fractionated or not, and whether owned by an 
individual or the tribe. This commenter also stated that discounted 
values for fractionated parcels may affect the value of both trust and 
fee parcels that are not fractionated, since appraisals are based upon 
the sale and prices of comparable parcels, potentially reducing the net 
value trust lands as a whole, and adversely impacting the utility of 
using the parcel as collateral or security for loans.
    The Department revised sections 30.167 and 30.168 to reflect the 
Secretary's decision to use valuation methods conforming to USPAP 
standards or an alternative valuation method in accordance with 25 
U.S.C. 2214.
    The Secretary's authority to develop and use an alternate method of 
valuation of Indian trust property is set forth in AIPRA:

    For purposes of this chapter, the Secretary may develop a system 
for establishing the fair market value of various types of lands and 
improvements. Such a system may include determinations of fair 
market value based on appropriate geographic units as determined by 
the Secretary. Such system may govern the amounts offered for the 
purchase of interests in trust or restricted lands under this Act.

25 U.S.C. 2214. To date, the Secretary has not exercised this 
authority. However, we have included references to the Secretary's 
section 2214 authority in the regulations at 43 CFR 30.167(b) and 
30.265(a)(3) to allow for the use of an alternate valuation method if 
and when one is developed in the future. Development of such an 
alternate system of valuation of Indian trust lands will be done 
through a notice and comment process, with tribal consultation.
g. Consolidation Agreements
    One commenter asked what documentation OHA will require as proof of 
ownership of an interest to be included as part of a consolidation 
agreement. OHA will require a title status report from the Land Title 
and Records Office as proof of ownership.
    At least one comment questioned whether interests not included in 
the estate may be included in a consolidation agreement at probate. 
Interests already owned by heirs or devisees may be included in a 
consolidation agreement pursuant to section 30.151; however, persons 
who are not party to the probate may not enter into the consolidation 
agreement.
h. Formal and Summary Proceedings
    Several commenters asked whether 43 CFR part 30 eliminates informal 
proceedings. The revised regulations delete the informal process, which 
had been handled by an Attorney Decision Maker. The revised regulations 
provide a formal process for all cases involving land and a summary 
process for cases involving only money (no land) totaling less than 
$5,000. In a related comment, one commenter asked whether law clerks 
will be adjudicating estates. Attorney Decision Makers, who are not law 
clerks, but rather, attorneys, may handle summary proceedings; formal 
proceedings will be handled by Administrative Law Judges and Indian 
Probate Judges, not law clerks.
    One commenter requested clarification that section 30.200, 
regarding summary proceedings, applies only to estates not exceeding 
$5,000 cash held in individual Indian money (IIM) accounts. This 
commenter also requested clarification that summary proceedings will 
not be held for any estate containing an interest in land, no matter 
how small. The commenter is correct on both counts.
i. Resources
    Several commenters mentioned resource issues with the LTRO, 
educating Indians about their estate planning options and consolidation 
options as heirs and devisees, and obtaining appraisals. The Department 
has considered and noted these resource issues.
j. Miscellaneous
    One commenter suggested moving all the substantive provisions 
regarding purchase at probate and settlement and consolidation 
agreements from 43 CFR part 30 to 25 CFR part 15. The Department has 
decided to retain these provisions in 43 CFR part 30 because OHA, 
rather than BIA, will be handling purchases at probate and settlement 
and consolidation agreements. Title 43 addresses OHA procedures, while 
Title 15 addresses BIA procedures.

[[Page 67266]]

    A few commenters asked how tribal probate codes fit into OHA's 
adjudication of an estate. Under AIPRA, tribes may develop their own 
probate codes and submit them to the Secretary for approval. OHA will 
apply any approved tribal probate code in the probate of trust estates 
governed by that code.
    One commenter questioned what types of documents are needed if 
American citizenship is in question. OHA will determine whether 
evidence is sufficient to establish citizenship on a case-by-case 
basis.
    One commenter stated that 30.123(a)(1) improperly authorizes 
administrative law judges to determine the tribal membership status of 
heirs and devisees. OHA's determination of who qualifies as an Indian 
and eligible heir is solely to determine who can inherit in trust. The 
Department applies the tribe's criteria to determine eligibility. OHA's 
determination does not affect the tribe's decision as to enrollment.
    One commenter noted that a tribe may have property ownership as a 
condition for membership, and that people may not be able to become 
members of the tribe until they inherit from the probated estate. 
Rights to inherit an interest vest on the date of decedent's death and 
ownership relates back to the date of decedent's death.
    One commenter asked whether a tribe can state that someone is not 
eligible to inherit. A tribe may establish who is eligible to inherit 
pursuant to an approved tribal probate code. Please refer to the model 
tribal probate code published by the Department on September 26, 2007 
at 72 FR 54678.
    One commenter asked how OHA will obtain the mailing addresses of 
co-owners to provide notice. Currently, OHA obtains mailing addresses 
from BIA. BIA uses the Department's Trust Asset Accounting Management 
System (TAAMS) to maintain names and addresses of co-owners in trust 
and restricted property.
    A few commenters noted that section 30.242 allows a person claiming 
an interest in the estate to file a petition for reopening, but that 
BIA files many, if not most, petitions for reopening. The Department 
has revised section 30.242 to explicitly state that the agency (BIA or 
a compacting or contracting tribe) may also file a petition for 
reopening.
    One commenter expressed concern with regard to section 30.121, 
allowing the appointment of masters. This commenter's concern is that 
the masters will be untrained. Masters will be appointed only based on 
specific expertise in the subject matter at issue in a particular case.
    One commenter stated that persons should not be allowed to renounce 
an inherited interest or devise unless they first obtain an appraisal 
of the interest to be renounced. AIPRA does not require an appraisal 
for renunciation. A person considering renunciation may either request 
an appraisal or waive the right to an appraisal.
    One commenter asked what the ``applicable law'' is, as stated in 
the definition for ``minor.'' The applicable law could be tribal law, 
State law, or Federal law, depending on which law applies to the 
particular issue at hand.
    One commenter asked what the timeframe is for presuming someone to 
be deceased. For the purposes of probating trust and restricted 
property, the timeframe for presuming someone to be deceased is 6 years 
from the last contact with any person. A proceeding to determine 
whether a missing person is deceased may be initiated in accordance 
with 43 CFR 30.124.
    One commenter asked the status of persons who qualify as Indian but 
who are incarcerated. Trust beneficiaries in prison are still entitled 
to notice. They are entitled to make wills. They may not be able to 
attend the hearing in a probate case, but they are entitled to have 
notice of the hearing. In an appropriate case, they may be able to 
submit written testimony or testify by deposition or telephone.
    One commenter asked for clarification of the term ``lockbox.'' The 
Department added a definition for this term at section 30.101 and in 25 
CFR 15.2.
    One commenter asked whether the tribe will receive an inventory of 
interests to be probated in any given estate. The tribe may request a 
copy of the inventory from the agency before the probate file is 
transferred to OHA or from OHA once it has received the file from the 
agency.
    One commenter asked that tribes be permitted to establish a 
specific address for receipt of notices of probate proceedings. OHA 
will provide notice to one address of record per tribe; however, tribes 
can establish their own internal mail routing procedures.
    One commenter presented a factual situation in which property was 
omitted from an estate, and asked how OHA handles that situation. 
Property omitted from an estate is added and distributed pursuant to 
section 30.126.
2. Changes From Proposed Rule
43 CFR Part 4
    In section 4.200(a), the final regulations delete the first entry 
in the table, ``All proceedings in subpart D.'' The final regulations 
also amend this table by adding ``4.201'' as a reference for ``Appeals 
to the Board of Indian Appeals from decisions of the Probate Hearings 
Division in Indian probate matters'' and ``Appeals to the Board of 
Indian Appeals from actions or decisions of BIA'' in the second and 
third rows of the table. The final regulations add a new fourth row to 
the table stating that sections 4.201 and 4.330 through 4.340 should be 
consulted for provisions relating to ``Review by the Board of Indian 
Appeals of other matters referred to it by the Secretary, Assistant 
Secretary--Indian Affairs, or Director--Office of Hearings and 
Appeals.''
    In section 4.201, the final regulations amend the definition of 
``Board'' by deleting superfluous language. The final rule adds a 
definition for ``Decision or Order,'' amends the definition of ``heir'' 
to simplify language, and amends the definition of ``interested party'' 
to more generally refer to a ``decedent's'' estate, rather than an 
``Indian's'' estate. The definition of ``Indian probate judge'' is 
amended to delete ``licensed'' before attorney, since an attorney must 
be licensed and the deleted word is unnecessary. The definition of 
``judge'' is amended by clarifying that ``judge'' means an 
Administrative Law Judge or Indian Probate Judge (IPJ) except when used 
in the term ``administrative judge.''
    In section 4.320, the heading and text are changed to more 
generally apply to a judge's decision or order issued under 43 CFR part 
30. The final rule adds that an appeal may be taken from any 
modification of the inventory of an estate. This does not change the 
scope of coverage set out in section 4.320.
    In section 4.321, the final rule clarifies that the 30-day time 
period is measured from the date of mailing of the judge's order or 
decision.
    In section 4.324, the final rule clarifies LTRO procedures by 
adding that the LTRO must certify that the probate record is complete 
before forwarding the certified record to the Board, must include the 
original of the transcript in the record and make a copy of the 
transcript for the duplicate record, and must prepare a table of 
contents for the record. The final rule also clarifies that, for 
interlocutory appeals or appeals related to modification of an 
inventory or determining that a person for whom a probate proceeding is 
sought to be opened is not dead, the judge must prepare the 
administrative record and table of contents.
    Section 4.325 carries through the clarifications made in section 
4.324 by

[[Page 67267]]

distinguishing between the probate record and the administrative record 
and adding a reference to the table of contents.
4 CFR Part 30
4 CFR Part 30--Subpart A
    In section 30.100, the final rule updates section references. The 
final rule also adds a new paragraph (c) to 30.100 identifying those 
provisions that do not apply to Alaska.
    In section 30.101, the final rule revises the definitions of 
``Board'' to be consistent with section 4.201. The final rule adds new 
definitions for ``affidavit,'' ``deposition,'' ``discovery,'' and 
``interrogatories.'' While the meaning of these terms is generally 
understood, the Department added definitions for clarity. Additionally, 
the Department added definitions for ``lockbox'' and ``master,'' in 
response to comments. The final regulations also clarify several 
definitions, including ``agency'' to include the BIA agency office 
having jurisdiction over trust financial assets; ``attorney decision 
maker'' and ``Indian probate judge'' to change ``licensed attorney'' to 
simply ``attorney,'' since all attorneys must be licensed; ``child'' to 
explicitly include natural children; and ``summary probate proceeding'' 
to replace ``trust personalty'' with ``IIM account.'' The definition of 
``trust personalty'' is amended to include ``tangible personal 
property'' in response to comments regarding trust personal property 
beyond funds and securities (e.g., ``trust reindeer''). Minor wording 
changes are made to the definitions of ``decision or order,'' ``heir,'' 
``IIM account,'' ``Indian,'' ``intestate,'' ``lockbox,'' ``per 
stirpes,'' ``we or us,'' ``will,'' and ``you.''
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart B
    In section 30.114, the final rule clarifies that notice of a formal 
probate proceeding will be sent to only those creditors whose claims 
appear in the probate file.
    The final regulations amend section 30.115 to replace ``probate 
file'' with ``probate record.'' The probate file may include judge's 
notes and attorney work product, while the probate record is available 
for inspection by the public.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart C
    The final rule adds a new paragraph (b) to section 30.120, 
specifying that the judge has authority to ``determine whether an 
individual will be deemed to be dead by reason of unexplained 
absence.'' This authority has been placed in the ``authority'' section 
in the final rule for clarity.
    The final rule amends section 30.122 to measure the 30-day period 
from the date of mailing in accordance with the Department's 
determination that the date of mailing is the necessary starting point 
for practical purposes and for consistency with other sections' time 
measurements. The final regulations also clarify that the judge may 
make new findings of fact based on evidence in the record, and may make 
findings of fact and conclusions of law when hearing the case de novo.
    In section 30.123, the phrase ``if relevant'' has been added to 
clarify that the judge will not determine nationality or citizenship 
unless it is an issue. These determinations are needed only when a 
foreign national stands to inherit, usually a Canadian or Mexican.
    The final rule deletes proposed paragraph (a)(5) of section 30.125, 
which gave judges authority to ``address any other error deemed by the 
judge sufficient to order the case to be reopened.'' The Department 
determined this provision was overly broad.
    Section 30.126 (``What happens if property was omitted from the 
inventory of the estate?'') has been amended to clarify that BIA may 
not administratively modify an estate, but only a judge may modify an 
estate through a modification order and that the modification order may 
be appealed. The final rule also adds paragraph (c) clarifying what the 
judge's decision or modification order must include and when a judge's 
modification order becomes final. The appeal procedures parallel those 
for challenging a decision that property was improperly included in the 
inventory of an estate in section 30.127.
    The final rule, in section 30.127, adds language in paragraph (a) 
that the petitioner must notify parties whose interests may be affected 
by the modification. The final rule also breaks proposed paragraphs (c) 
and (d) of section 30.127 into several paragraphs and adds clarifying 
language in final paragraph (d) regarding the deadline for filing an 
appeal, and in final paragraph (e) that the judge (not BIA) forwards 
the record of all proceedings to the LTRO.
    In section 30.128, the Department clarifies that an erroneous 
recitation of acreage alone shall not be considered an improper 
description.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart D
    The Department deleted several sections in this subpart to simplify 
the language regarding recusal of judges or ADMs, since this subject is 
already covered in 43 CFR 4.27(c).
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart E
    In sections 30.140 and 30.141, the final regulations provide for a 
single process and specification of requirement for filing claims by 
reference to 25 CFR 15.302 through 15.305. Section 30.140 sets firm 
deadlines for filing claims against an Indian trust estate, regardless 
of whether a creditor has actual or constructive notice of either the 
decedent's death or the probate proceedings. The existing regulations 
at 43 CFR 4.250(a) set an initial deadline for filing claims of 60 days 
from the date BIA received verification of the decedent's death, but 
they provide an additional 20-day window for creditors who were not 
chargeable with notice in time to meet the initial deadline. Under the 
rule being promulgated today, for formal probate proceedings, all 
claims must be filed before the conclusion of the first hearing. For 
summary probate proceedings, different deadlines apply depending on the 
nature of the claimant, but the deadlines are firm, without regard to 
whether a claimant has notice of the probate proceedings.
    As an exercise of the Secretary's broad rulemaking authority with 
respect to Indian probates under 25 U.S.C. 372 and 373, the Department 
for many years has made funds in Indian trust estates subject to the 
payment of creditor claims. Were it not for the Secretary's 
regulations, creditors would have no right to assert claims against 
Indian trust assets, including individual Indian trust funds. In this 
final rule, the Department has decided to (1) limit the funds available 
for the payment of claims to those that are on deposit or have accrued 
on the date of a decedent's death, and (2) create fixed deadlines for 
filing claims against the Indian trust estate.
    The Department recognizes that, for creditors who do not have 
notice of the probate proceedings, this rule effectively cuts off their 
ability to file a claim against the decedent's trust funds. However, no 
such legal right independently exists. In order to ensure that all 
issues, including claims, can be addressed at the first (and typically 
only) hearing, and that a decedent's trust funds can be distributed 
promptly following the conclusion of the proceedings, the Department 
has decided to create fixed deadlines for filing claims and to make 
them applicable to all creditors.
    Section 30.143 deletes ``not properly within the jurisdiction of 
OHA'' from paragraph (c) and ``or any of its political subdivisions'' 
from paragraph (d) as superfluous. Section 30.143 also includes several 
clarifying changes to

[[Page 67268]]

more explicitly define when claims will not be allowed.
    A phrase has been added to section 30.145, to clarify that a claim 
may be reduced only if the judge determines it is unreasonable.
    In section 30.146, the final regulations make changes necessary to 
clarify that only intangible trust personalty may be used to satisfy 
claims. The Department also deleted proposed paragraph (b) because it 
was merely the converse of (a), and therefore redundant.
    In section 30.147, the final regulations delete the phrase stating 
that claims may be disallowed in their entirety because, if necessary, 
claims will be paid on a pro rata basis. The judge still has the 
authority, as set out in section 30.145 to disallow a claim in its 
entirety.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart F
    The Department did not make any significant changes to subpart F in 
the final rule.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart G
    Section 30.160 has been amended to reflect that purchase at probate 
is available for estates of decedents who die on June 20, 2006, as well 
as those who die after this date.
    The final regulations amend section 30.167 to clarify that an 
interest will be sold by purchase at probate to the highest eligible 
bidder only if a request has been made, and an eligible bidder submits 
a bid in an amount equal to or greater than fair market value. The 
provision regarding the basis for market value has been moved from 
section 30.168 to section 30.167(b). The final regulations also delete 
the phrase ``which gives appropriate consideration to the fractionated 
ownership interests in the parcel'' in this provision.
    The final regulations amend the heading in section 30.168 for 
clarification. Section 30.170(b) incorporates the requirement for the 
record's table of contents. The final regulations add a new 30.175 to 
clarify when an interest vests in a purchaser.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart H
    The citation to AIPRA has been removed from section 30.181 as 
unnecessary and to avoid the potential for confusion. The final 
regulations also delete superfluous language.
    The final regulations correct section 30.182 by replacing 
``testator'' with ``decedent'' in paragraph (a), and reorganize 
paragraphs (a) and (b) for clarity.
    The final regulations also reorganize section 30.183 for clarity, 
and add that an interest that represents less than five percent of the 
entire undivided ownership in the parcel may be renounced in favor of 
the Indian tribe with jurisdiction over the interest, in addition to 
those listed in the proposed rule.
    The final regulations amend the heading of section 30.184 to remove 
unnecessary language in paragraph (a) and add a new paragraph (b), 
which amends the category of persons for whom the Secretary will 
continue to manage trust personalty. The category of ``a person who 
owns a preexisting undivided trust or restricted interest in the same 
parcel of land'' has been deleted. While this category of persons may 
still receive a renounced interest in trust personalty, the Secretary 
may not manage those personalty interests in trust status unless the 
person also fits into one of the other categories (lineal descendant of 
the decedent, a tribe, or an Indian).
    In section 30.185, the final regulations clarify the deadline for 
filing a refusal to accept a renounced interest.
    The final regulations clarify in section 30.187 that a judge must 
receive a revocation of a renunciation before entry of a final order 
for the revocation to be effective.
    The final regulations amend section 30.188 to clarify that, where 
there is a will, and the renunciation is not to an eligible person or 
entity, the interest will go to the residual devisees.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart I
    Section 30.201 has been amended to clarify that a summary of the 
proposed distribution, rather than all the information included on the 
OHA-7 form, will be included in the notice of the summary probate 
proceeding. The final regulations also delete the exception (``except 
to a creditor who is not an eligible heir'') as superfluous because 
such creditors do not receive notice of the summary probate proceeding.
    The final rule adds a new section 30.202 to clarify that OHA will 
consider all claims filed with the agency before the agency transferred 
the file to OHA, and will consider claims of devisees or eligible heirs 
if filed with OHA within 30 days of the mailing of the summary probate 
proceeding notice. This section also moves text from the proposed 
section 30.202 (final section 30.203) allowing devisees or eligible 
heirs to renounce or disclaim an interest within 30 days of the mailing 
of the summary probate proceeding notice.
    The final regulations clarify in section 30.207 that if nobody 
files for de novo review within 30 days of a written decision, it will 
be final for the Department. Interested parties have an opportunity to 
request de novo review during the 30 days following a decision, and if 
they forgo this opportunity, they are not given another opportunity to 
challenge the decision. If an interested party does request de novo 
review, he or she retains all rights to request rehearing and appeal.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart J
    The final regulations amend section 30.210(b) to include more 
accurate language with regard to notice returned by the post office as 
undeliverable, rather than unclaimed.
    The final regulations in section 30.211 delete the deadline for the 
judge to publish advance notice of the hearing, since it is already 
included in section 30.210(a)(2).
    The final regulations add clarifying language in section 30.212 and 
delete the statement that requirements for notice by posting may not be 
waived.
    The final regulations amend section 30.214 to delete the 
requirement for the drafter of the will to be named in the notice of 
the hearing.
    The final regulations add a new paragraph 30.222(a) clarifying what 
happens if a party fails to respond to a request for admission. The 
final regulations also delete ``and requests for admission'' from 
section 30.222(b).
    Section 30.224(a)(3) is amended to clarify that the judge will also 
mail copies of the order to witnesses, in addition to interested 
parties. The final regulations delete paragraph (e) concerning the 
judge's filing a petition with the U.S. District Court to invoke the 
court's powers of contempt if necessary, since jurisdiction over such a 
proceeding cannot be conferred by regulation.
    The final regulations delete proposed section 30.225 in its 
entirety because public disclosure is governed by the Privacy Act and 
AIPRA. Subsequent sections are renumbered accordingly.
    The final regulations change ``probate'' to the correct term, 
``probative,'' in section 30.227(a)(1), in response to a comment.
    In section 30.232, the final rule deletes the sentence regarding 
the judge compiling the official record because this item is addressed 
in section 30.127.
    While the final regulations do not change section 30.234, the 
Department would like to clarify here that, generally, the Department 
retains recordings indefinitely, but there is no guarantee against 
deterioration of recording media, so recordings may be lost due to age. 
To the extent that the Department may otherwise be legally required to 
keep records, the

[[Page 67269]]

Department complies with those requirements regardless of the 
regulation. Additionally, the Department keeps recordings as long as 
possible for historical purposes. Given that most recordings are now 
digital, the issue of storage space for tapes is less of an issue and 
now the issue is electronic storage space.
    The final regulations revise section 30.235 to state what all 
decisions must include and clarify the different contents of decisions 
and orders in testate versus intestate cases. Under 30.235(a)(1), a 
decision need not contain the identification numbers of heirs and 
devisees, in the interest of protecting personally identifiable 
information of living people to the greatest extent possible. The final 
section also makes explicit that a judge's decision in a formal 
intestate probate proceeding will cite the law of descent and 
distribution in accordance with which the decision is made and, in all 
formal probate proceedings, will include the probate case number 
assigned to the case in any case management or tracking system then in 
use within the Department.
    In section 30.236, the final regulations make explicit that the 
notice of the judge's decision must include notice that adversely 
affected interested parties have the right to file a petition for 
rehearing with the judge within 30 days of the date the decision is 
mailed. Likewise, the final regulations include appeal rights in 
section 30.239.
    Section 30.242 has been reworded to clarify the applicable 
timelines, make explicit that the agency may also file a petition for 
reopening, and clarify the required contents of a petition.
    In sections 30.243 and 30.244, the final regulations clarify that 
an order denying reopening and final order on reopening must advise 
interested parties of their appeal rights.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart K
    In section 30.250, the final regulations delete ``Indian'' from 
``Indian testator'' because a person who owns trust or restricted 
property may make a will devising the property, whether or not the 
testator meets the definition of an ``Indian.''
    The final regulations in section 30.254 delete the provision 
regarding sending notice of rights to appeal because the final rule 
includes this provision in each instance in which it is applicable, 
rather than in this one location.
43 CFR Part 30--Subpart L
    The final regulations reorder the sections in subpart L to follow a 
more chronological approach. The final regulations also delete 
references to statutes relating to Devils Lake Sioux Reservation for 
the Spirit Lake Sioux Tribe and to the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation 
in section 30.260 because these regulations are not appropriate to 
those statutory schemes.
    The final regulations amend section 30.262 (proposed section 
30.264) to clarify that, following a decision on a rehearing or 
hearing, the tribe may purchase the interest in accordance with its 
statutory option to purchase if the decision on the rehearing or 
hearing is favorable to the tribe.
    In final section 30.264 (proposed section 30.262), the Department 
clarified that BIA furnishes valuations only for those probates where a 
tribe exercises its statutory option to purchase. The wording of the 
proposed, and current, versions of the regulations caused confusion 
about which probates require a valuation. The final regulations 
reorganize this section for clarity, and specify that interested 
parties may view and copy, at their expense, the valuation report at 
the agency.
    The final regulations incorporate updated language regarding rights 
of appeal in sections 30.267, 30.268 and 30.270.
3. Distribution Table--43 CFR Part 4, Subpart D, and 43 CFR Part 30
    The following distribution table indicates where each of the 
current regulatory sections in 43 CFR part 4, subpart D, is located in 
the final 43 CFR part 30 and in final revisions to 43 CFR part 4.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Current citation         New citation              Title
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.200.......................          30.100  How do I use this part?
4.201.......................          30.101  What definitions do I need
                                               to know?
                                      30.102  Will the Secretary probate
                                               all the land or assets in
                                               an estate?
4.210.......................          30.110  When does OHA commence a
                                               probate case?
4.211.......................          30.111  How does OHA commence a
                                               probate case?
                                      30.112  What must a complete
                                               probate file contain?
                                      30.113  What will OHA do if it
                                               receives an incomplete
                                               probate file?
                                      30.114  Will I receive notice of
                                               the probate proceeding?
                                      30.115  May I review the probate
                                               record?
4.202.......................          30.120  What authority does the
                                               judge have in probate
                                               cases?
                                      30.121  May a judge appoint a
                                               master in a probate case?
                                      30.122  Is the judge required to
                                               accept the master's
                                               recommended decision?
4.206.......................          30.123  Will the judge determine
                                               matters of status and
                                               nationality?
4.204.......................          30.124  When may a judge make a
                                               finding of death?
4.203
4.205.......................          30.154  What happens when a person
                                               dies without a will and
                                               has no heirs?
4.242.......................          30.125  May a judge reopen a
                                               probate case to correct
                                               errors and omissions?
                                      30.130  How does a judge or ADM
                                               recuse himself or herself
                                               from a probate case?
                                      30.131  How will the case proceed
                                               after the judge's or
                                               ADM's recusal?
                                      30.132  May I appeal the judge's
                                               or ADM's recusal
                                               decision?
4.250(a)....................          30.140  Where and when may I file
                                               a claim against the
                                               probate estate?
4.250(c)....................          30.141  How must I file a claim
                                               against a probate estate?
4.250(b)....................          30.142  Will a judge authorize
                                               payment of a claim from
                                               the trust estate if the
                                               decedent's non-trust
                                               estate was or is
                                               available?
4.250(d)-(f)................          30.143  Are there any categories
                                               of claims that will not
                                               be allowed?
4.251(a)....................          30.144  May the judge authorize
                                               payment of the costs of
                                               administering the estate?
4.251(b)....................  ..............  What are priority claims
                                               the deciding official may
                                               authorize payment for?
4.251(c)....................  ..............  When may the deciding
                                               official authorize
                                               payment of general
                                               claims?
4.251(d)....................          30.145  When can a judge reduce or
                                               disallow a claim?
4.251(e)-(g)................          30.147  What happens if there is
                                               not enough trust
                                               personalty to pay all the
                                               claims?

[[Page 67270]]

 
4.251(h)....................          30.148  Will interest or penalties
                                               charged after the date of
                                               death be paid?
4.252.......................          30.146  What property is subject
                                               to claims?
4.207.......................          30.150  What action will the judge
                                               take if the interested
                                               parties agree to settle
                                               matters among themselves?
                                      30.151  May the devisees or
                                               eligible heirs in a
                                               probate proceeding
                                               consolidate their
                                               interests?
                                      30.152  May the parties to an
                                               agreement waive valuation
                                               of trust property?
                                      30.153  Is an order approving an
                                               agreement considered a
                                               partition or sale
                                               transaction?
                                      30.160  What may be purchased at
                                               probate?
                                      30.161  Who may purchase at
                                               probate?
                                      30.162  Does property purchased at
                                               probate remain in trust
                                               or restricted status?
                                      30.163  Is consent required for a
                                               purchase at probate?
                                      30.164  What must I do to purchase
                                               at probate?
                                      30.165  Whom will OHA notify of a
                                               request to purchase at
                                               probate?
                                      30.166  What will the notice of
                                               the request to purchase
                                               at probate include?
                                      30.167  How does OHA decide
                                               whether to approve a
                                               purchase at probate?
                                      30.168  How will the judge
                                               allocate the proceeds
                                               from a sale?
                                      30.169  Who may I do if I do not
                                               agree with the appraised
                                               market value?
                                      30.170  What may I do if I
                                               disagree with the judge's
                                               determination to approve
                                               a purchase at probate?
                                      30.171  What happens when the
                                               judge grants a request to
                                               purchase at probate?
                                      30.172  When must the successful
                                               bidder pay for the
                                               interest purchased?
                                      30.173  What happens after the
                                               successful bidder submits
                                               payment?
                                      30.174  What happens if the
                                               successful bidder does
                                               not pay within 30 days?
                                      30.175  When does a purchased
                                               interest vest in the
                                               purchaser?
4.208.......................          30.180  May I give up an inherited
                                               interest in trust or
                                               restricted property or
                                               trust personalty?
                                      30.181  How do I renounce an
                                               inherited interest?
                                      30.182  Who may receive a
                                               renounced interest in
                                               trust or restricted land?
                                      30.183  Who may receive a
                                               renounced interest of
                                               less than 5 percent in
                                               trust or restricted land?
                                      30.184  Who may receive a
                                               renounced interest in
                                               trust personalty?
                                      30.185  May my designated
                                               recipient refuse to
                                               accept the interest?
                                      30.186  Are renunciations that
                                               predate the American
                                               Indian Probate Reform Act
                                               of 2004 valid?
4.208(c)....................          30.187  May I revoke my
                                               renunciation?
4.208(b)....................          30.188  Does a renounced interest
                                               vest in the person who
                                               renounced it?
4.212.......................          30.200  What is a summary probate
                                               proceeding?
                                      30.202  May I file a claim or
                                               renounce or disclaim an
                                               interest in the estate in
                                               a summary probate
                                               proceeding?
                                      30.203  May I request that a
                                               formal probate proceeding
                                               be conducted instead of a
                                               summary probate
                                               proceeding?
                                      30.201  What does a notice of a
                                               summary probate
                                               proceeding contain?
4.213
4.214.......................          30.204  What must a summary
                                               probate decision contain?
4.215(a)-(c)................          30.205  How do I seek review of a
                                               summary probate
                                               proceeding?
4.215(d)
4.215(e)....................          30.206  What happens after I file
                                               a request for a de novo
                                               review?
                                      30.207  What happens if nobody
                                               files for a de novo
                                               review?
4.216.......................          30.210  How will I receive notice
                                               of the formal probate
                                               proceeding?
                                      30.213  What notice to a tribe is
                                               required in a formal
                                               probate proceeding?
                                      30.211  Will the notice be
                                               published in a newspaper?
                                      30.212  May I waive notice of the
                                               hearing or the form of
                                               notice?
4.217.......................          30.214  What must a notice of
                                               hearing contain?
4.220(a), (c)...............          30.215  How may I obtain documents
                                               related to the probate
                                               proceeding?
4.221(a)-(c)................          30.216  How do I obtain permission
                                               to take depositions?
4.221(d)-(g)................          30.217  How is a deposition taken?
4.221(h)....................          30.218  How may the transcript of
                                               a deposition be used?
                                      30.219  Who pays for the costs of
                                               taking a deposition?
4.222.......................          30.220  How do I obtain written
                                               interrogatories and
                                               admission of facts and
                                               documents?
4.223.......................          30.221  May the judge limit the
                                               time, place, and scope of
                                               discovery?
4.224.......................          30.222  What happens if a party
                                               fails to comply with
                                               discovery?
4.225.......................          30.223  What is a prehearing
                                               conference?
4.230.......................          30.224  May a judge compel a
                                               witness to appear and
                                               testify at a hearing or
                                               deposition?
4.231.......................          30.225  Must testimony in a
                                               probate proceeding be
                                               under oath or
                                               affirmation?
                                      30.226  Is a record made of formal
                                               probate hearings?
4.232.......................          30.227  What evidence is
                                               admissible at a probate
                                               hearing?
4.233(a)-(b)................          30.228  Is testimony required for
                                               self-proved wills,
                                               codicils, or revocation?
4.233(c)....................          30.229  When will testimony be
                                               required for approval of
                                               a will, codicil or
                                               revocation?
4.234.......................          30.230  Who pays witnesses' costs?
4.235.......................          30.231  May a judge schedule a
                                               supplemental hearing?
4.236(a)....................          30.232  What will the official
                                               record of the probate
                                               case contain?
4.236(b)....................          30.233  What will the judge do
                                               with the original record?
                                      30.234  What happens if a hearing
                                               transcript has not been
                                               prepared?
4.240(a)....................          30.235  What will the judge's
                                               decision in a formal
                                               probate hearing contain?
4.240(b)....................          30.236  What notice of the
                                               decision will the judge
                                               provide?
4.241(a)....................          30.237  May I file a petition for
                                               rehearing if I disagree
                                               with the judge's decision
                                               in the formal probate
                                               hearing?
4.241(b)....................          30.238  Does any distribution of
                                               the estate occur while a
                                               petition for rehearing is
                                               pending?
4.241(c)-(e)................          30.239  How will the judge decide
                                               a petition for rehearing?
4.241(f)....................          30.240  May I submit another
                                               petition for rehearing?

[[Page 67271]]

 
4.241(g)-(h)
                                      30.241  When does the judge's
                                               decision on a petition
                                               for rehearing become
                                               final?
4.242.......................          30.242  May a closed probate case
                                               be reopened?
                                      30.243  How will the judge decide
                                               my petition for
                                               reopening?
                                      30.244  What happens if the judge
                                               reopens the case?
4.242(h)-(i)
                                      30.245  When will the decision on
                                               reopening become final?
4.261.......................          30.250  When does the anti-lapse
                                               provision apply?
4.262.......................          30.251  What happens if an heir or
                                               devisee participates in
                                               the killing of the
                                               decedent?
4.270
4.271.......................          30.126  What happens if property
                                               was omitted from the
                                               inventory of the estate?
4.272.......................          30.127  What happens if property
                                               was improperly included
                                               in the inventory?
                                      30.128  What happens if an error
                                               in BIA's estate inventory
                                               is alleged?
4.273
4.281.......................          30.252  May a judge allow fees for
                                               attorneys representing
                                               interested parties?
4.282.......................          30.253  How must minors or other
                                               legal incompetents be
                                               represented?
                                      30.254  What happens when a person
                                               dies without a valid will
                                               and has no heirs?
4.300(a)....................          30.260  What land is subject to a
                                               tribal purchase option at
                                               probate?
4.300(b)-(d)................          30.265  What determinations will a
                                               judge make with regard to
                                               a tribal purchase option?
4.301.......................          30.264  When must BIA furnish a
                                               valuation of a decedent's
                                               interests?
4.302(a)....................          30.266  When is a final decision
                                               issued?
4.302(b)....................          30.262  When may a tribe exercise
                                               its statutory option to
                                               purchase?
                                      30.261  How does a tribe exercise
                                               its statutory option to
                                               purchase?
4.303.......................          30.263  May a surviving spouse
                                               reserve a life estate
                                               when a tribe exercises
                                               its statutory option to
                                               purchase?
4.304.......................          30.267  What if I disagree with
                                               the probate decision
                                               regarding tribal purchase
                                               option?
4.305(a)....................          30.268  May I demand a hearing
                                               regarding the tribal
                                               option to purchase
                                               decision?
4.305(b)....................          30.269  What notice of the hearing
                                               will the judge provide?
4.305(c)-(d)................          30.270  How will the hearing be
                                               conducted?
4.306.......................          30.271  How must the tribe pay for
                                               the interests it
                                               purchases?
4.307(a)....................          30.272  What are BIA's duties on
                                               payment by the tribe?
4.307(b)....................          30.273  What action will the judge
                                               take to record title?
4.308.......................          30.274  What happens to income
                                               from land interests
                                               during pendency of the
                                               probate?
4.320(a)....................           4.320  Who may appeal a judge's
                                               decision or order?
4.320(b)(1)-(3).............           4.321  How do I appeal a judge's
                                               decision or order?
                                       4.322  What must an appeal
                                               contain?
4.320(c)....................           4.323  Who receives service of
                                               the notice of appeal?
4.320(d)....................           4.324  How is the record on
                                               appeal prepared?
4.321.......................           4.325  How will the appeal be
                                               docketed?
4.322.......................           4.326  What happens to the record
                                               after disposition?
------------------------------------------------------------------------

VI. Procedural Requirements

A. Regulatory Planning and Review (Executive Order 12866)

    Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) requires 
Federal agencies taking a regulatory action to determine whether that 
action is ``significant.'' Agencies must submit regulatory actions that 
qualify as significant to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget 
(OMB) for review, assess the costs and benefits of the regulatory 
action, and fulfill other requirements of the Executive Order. A 
significant regulatory action is one that is likely to result in a rule 
that may meet one of the following four criteria:
    (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or 
adversely affect, in a material way, the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities;
    (2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an 
action taken or planned by another agency;
    (3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, 
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of the 
recipients thereof; or
    (4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal 
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in 
the Executive Order.
    OMB has determined that this rule is not a significant rule under 
Executive Order 12866 because it is not likely to result in a rule that 
will meet any of the four criteria.
    (1) The rule will not have an annual effect on the economy of $100 
million or more or adversely affect, in a material way, the economy, a 
sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the 
environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal 
governments or communities.
    This rule will not have an annual effect on the economy of $100 
million or more. This rule does not add or subtract land or IIM account 
funds from any probate estate. Additionally, the total assets probated 
each year are themselves below the $100 million mark. The following 
discussion individually addresses each CFR part and substantive changes 
within each part, where appropriate. Within the discussion of each CFR 
part is a brief statement of the major changes, the baseline (i.e., the 
current state of affairs), an analysis of the economic effect of the 
change in comparison to the baseline alternative, and a brief 
conclusion.
25 CFR Part 15
    This part governs the processing of probate estates by BIA and 
tribes contracting or compacting to perform BIA's probate functions 
(``agency''). Amendments will ensure that the agency compiles 
sufficient information in the probate file so that when the agency 
passes the probate file on to OHA, OHA can properly administer the 
probate estate. The baseline for this analysis is the existing part 15, 
which

[[Page 67272]]

does not incorporate requirements for certain items of information to 
be included in the probate file.
    The Secretary has sole statutory authority to probate Indian trust 
estates. 25 U.S.C. 372; First Moon v. White Tail & United States, 270 
U.S. 243 (1926); United States v. Bowling, 256 U.S. 484 (1921); Lane v. 
United States, 241 U.S. 201 (1916); Hallowell v. Commons, 239 U.S. 506 
(1916); Bertrand v. Doyle, 36 F.2d 351 (10th Cir. 1929). As such, it is 
imperative that the Secretary have all the information necessary to 
properly determine the heirs and distribute estate assets. The enacted 
AIPRA amendments to ILCA, 25 U.S.C. 2201 et seq., affect the 
determination of how property should be distributed among the heirs and 
beneficiaries by allowing certain persons to purchase interests in 
property at probate and through consolidation agreements, and affect 
who can inherit a small fractional interest. AIPRA therefore directly 
affects the determinations that OHA will make and requires additional 
information to be included in the probate file.
    The primary benefit of the amendments is that they ensure that OHA 
will have the information it needs in the probate file to adjudicate 
Indian estates. Because this part addresses only internal processes, 
and does not impose any enforceable obligation on persons outside the 
agency, there is no effect on the outside economy. Amendments to this 
part focus on the agency's procedures in compiling a complete probate 
file, and addressing what should be included in that file. No economic 
impact is associated with these internal processes.
25 CFR Part 179
    Amendments to part 179 make two primary changes with potential to 
affect the economy:
     Incorporate AIPRA's requirement that life estates created 
by operation of law under AIPRA after June 20, 2006, will be ``without 
regard to waste,'' as explained below.
     Replace the current tables showing the value of a life 
estate and remainderman with a reference to Actuarial Table S, issued 
by the Internal Revenue Service, to make life estate and remainder 
valuations consistent with the Internal Revenue Service's valuations.
    The existing part 179 provided that the life tenant will have the 
rights to all rents and profit, as income, from the estate, but did not 
provide that such rights were ``without regard to waste'' for life 
tenants by intestacy. Therefore, the existing part 179 required all 
life tenants to ensure that they did not diminish the estates of the 
remaindermen in their pursuit of rents and profits. Additionally, the 
existing part 179 required contract bonuses to be split one-half each 
between the life tenant and the remainderman.
    The first primary change to part 179 is necessary to reflect the 
AIPRA sections establishing that life estates created by operation of 
law under AIPRA will be determined ``without regard to waste,'' meaning 
that the life estate holder is entitled to the receipt of all income, 
including bonuses and royalties, from such land, to the exclusion of 
remaindermen. See 25 U.S.C. 2201(10), 2205, 2206(a)(2). These 
amendments comply with the provisions of AIPRA with respect to life 
estates created by operation of law under AIPRA after June 20, 2006. 
There is no change with respect to life estates created before June 20, 
2006, or life estates created by conveyance documents on or after June 
20, 2006.
    The cost of amendments incorporating ``without regard to waste'' 
provisions could be a reduced value of the remaindermen's estate. 
However, amendments to the discount rate will generally provide 
remaindermen with more value. These amendments may affect the timing of 
the distribution of the value of the land between life tenants and 
remaindermen, but will not affect the economy as a whole. The 
Department does not currently track how many life estates are created 
by operation of law under AIPRA, but if it were assumed for the sake of 
analysis that all probated acreage included life estates created by 
operation of law under AIPRA on or after June 20, 2006, the value of 
the life estates would be some fraction of the value of the total land 
value per year, which is $74,724,525. The new requirement that the life 
estate holder receive all income, including bonuses and royalties, from 
such land, affects only the allocation of this amount between life 
estate holders and remaindermen, and does not affect the economy.
    The change to the valuation tables, eliminates valuation based on 
the gender of the life tenant, and now refers to Internal Revenue 
Service Actuarial Table S. In the current version of part 179, the 
valuation of remainder interests where the life tenant was female was 
consistently lower than the valuation of remainder interests where the 
life tenant was male. At a 6 percent discount rate, the IRS Actuarial 
Table S results in remainder valuations that generally fall between the 
two values. Again, this change affects only the allocation of the value 
between the life estate holders, and does not affect the economy.
    For these reasons, part 179 will not have an effect on the economy.
43 CFR Parts 4 and 30
    Most amendments to 43 CFR part 4 (including those incorporated in 
the new part 30) are amendments to the existing 43 CFR part 4, subpart 
D, relating to the administration of probate estates. The amendments 
add provisions to implement procedures established by AIPRA for 
renouncing an interest, consolidating interests by agreement, 
requesting and conducting a purchase at probate, and setting the time 
periods for filing requests for de novo review and rehearing at 30 
days, rather than the current 60 days.
    Because these provisions relate to procedural aspects of probating 
trust estates and will not affect the amount of money and property 
within each estate that is distributed, nor the number of estates that 
must be probated, they have no effect on the economy. For these 
reasons, amendments to 43 CFR part 4, subpart D, and the new 43 CFR 
part 30 will not affect the economy.
New 25 CFR Part 18 (Tribal Probate Codes)
    The new CFR part addressing tribal probate codes implements 
provisions of ILCA that allow any tribe to adopt a tribal probate code 
to govern descent and distribution of trust and restricted lands within 
its reservation or otherwise subject to its jurisdiction. 25 U.S.C. 
2005(a). ILCA provides that the tribe must submit the tribal probate 
code containing provisions for trust and restricted lands to the 
Secretary for review and approval. The Secretary may not approve a 
tribal probate code that contains provisions contrary to Federal law or 
policy.
    The baseline is the absence of regulations governing tribal probate 
codes. While the ILCA statute had established requirements for a tribal 
probate code and the basics of the submission and approval process in 
1983, there have been no implementing regulations. With AIPRA, a new 
uniform Federal probate code will govern descent and distribution of 
trust and restricted property. This may prompt some tribes to prepare a 
tribal probate code and may prompt tribes that already have a tribal 
probate code to amend it in light of AIPRA.
    An approved tribal code, or AIPRA if there is none, will govern the 
descent and distribution of trust and restricted lands for deceased 
persons owning trust or restricted property. AIPRA will govern the 
descent and distribution of trust personalty. These regulations, which 
implement statutory provisions

[[Page 67273]]

for Secretarial approval of tribal probate codes, do not affect the 
economy because tribes were already authorized to establish tribal 
probate codes and statutorily required to submit such codes to the 
Secretary for approval. For these reasons, the new 25 CFR part 18 will 
not affect the economy.
    (2) This rule will not create a serious inconsistency or otherwise 
interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency.
    Implementation of this rule will not create any serious 
inconsistencies or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned 
by another agency because the Department is the only agency with 
authority for handling Indian trust management issues related to 
probate. Additionally, this rule will standardize processes within the 
Department, to guard against internal inconsistencies.
    (3) This rule will not materially alter the budgetary impact of 
entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and 
obligations of the recipients thereof. 
    (a) The revisions 25 CFR part 15 address what must be included in a 
probate package and describe how to file a claim against an estate, but 
do not address entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs. 
Therefore, revisions to part 15 have no budgetary effects and do not 
affect the rights or obligations of any recipients.
    (b) The revisions to 43 CFR part 4 (including those incorporated 
into the new 43 CFR part 30) address the procedures for adjudicating a 
probate case and the rights of individual Indians with respect to a 
probate case. The revisions do not address entitlements, grants, user 
fees, or loan programs.
    (c) Amendments to 25 CFR part 179 change the respective rights of a 
life estate tenant, and remainderman, where the life estate was created 
by operation of law under AIPRA on or after June 20, 2006. This change 
entitles the life tenant to receive all income from the land, including 
rents and profits, contract bonuses, and royalties. This change in 
rights will not impact the budget.
    (d) The new CFR part addressing tribal probate codes does not 
address entitlements, grants, user fees or loan programs and will not 
materially alter the Department's budget because the CFR part merely 
implements the existing statutory requirement for Departmental review 
of tribal probate codes that contain provisions applicable to trust or 
restricted lands, and the requirement for Secretarial approval of those 
provisions.
    (4) This rule does not raise novel legal or policy issues arising 
out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles 
set forth in the Executive Order. 
    Most of the regulatory changes directly implement statutory 
provisions that require certain actions to meet Indian trust management 
responsibilities. Specifically, the rule implements requirements of 
AIPRA, the American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform Act of 1994, 
and court orders. The legal and policy issues related with this 
rulemaking have been thoroughly discussed through the process of 
developing and implementing the Fiduciary Trust Model, discussed in the 
preamble.
    Thus, the impact of the rule is confined to the Federal Government, 
individual Indians, and tribes and does not impose a compliance burden 
on the economy generally. Accordingly, this rule is not a ``significant 
regulatory action'' from an economic standpoint, nor does it otherwise 
create any inconsistencies, materially alter any budgetary impacts, or 
raise novel legal or policy issues.

B. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Department has reviewed this rule pursuant to the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), and certifies that the rule 
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of 
small entities (i.e., small businesses, small organizations, and small 
governmental jurisdictions). Small businesses who may be creditors of 
an estate are the only small entities potentially impacted by this 
rule, and the Department has determined that this rule will not have a 
significant economic impact on these entities. Indian tribes are not 
considered to be small entities for the purposes of the Act and, 
consequently, no regulatory flexibility analysis has been done to 
address the effects on Indian tribes.

C. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996

    The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 
(SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 804(2), sets criteria for determining whether a rule 
is ``major.'' A rule is major if OMB finds that the rule will result in 
(1) an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more; (2) a 
major increase in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, 
Federal, State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions; or 
(3) significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, 
productivity, innovation, or the ability of U.S.-based enterprises to 
compete with foreign-based enterprises.
    This rule is not major within the meaning of SBREFA. It may require 
some limited additional expenditures by tribes, as discussed in 
subsection H of the procedural requirements (Paperwork Reduction Act) 
of this preamble. However, it will not result in the expenditure by 
State, local, or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the 
private sector of $100 million or more in any one year.
    Because this rule is limited to probated Indian trust estates, 
land, and assets within the United States and within tribal 
communities, it will not result in a major increase in costs or prices 
for consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, or local 
government agencies, or geographic regions or have significant adverse 
effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, 
innovation, or the ability of the U.S.-based enterprises to compete 
with foreign-based enterprises.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), 2. 
U.S.C. 1531 et seq., requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of 
their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal governments and 
the private sector. If the agency promulgates a proposed or final rule 
with Federal mandates that may result in expenditures by State, local, 
and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of 
$100 million or more in any one year, the Federal agency must prepare a 
written statement, including a cost-benefit analysis of the rule, under 
section 202 of the UMRA. The term ``Federal mandate'' means any 
provision in statute or regulation or any Federal court ruling that 
imposes ``an enforceable duty'' upon State, local, or tribal 
governments, and includes any condition of Federal assistance or a duty 
arising from participation in a voluntary Federal program that imposes 
such a duty.
    The Department has determined that the rule does not contain a 
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more 
for State, local, and tribal governments in the aggregate, or by the 
private sector in any one year. The following discussion addresses each 
CFR part individually to identify Federal mandates.
25 CFR Part 15
    Most amendments to part 15 address the internal processes of the 
BIA (or tribe that has compacted or contracted to fulfill probate 
functions) in compiling probate files.
     Part 15 contains a mandate for tribal governments to 
provide information

[[Page 67274]]

when necessary to complete a probate file. This provision is aimed at 
requiring tribes to provide information that is already readily 
available to them, such as family history data.
     Part 15 also contains a mandate for the public, presumably 
someone closely associated with the decedent, to provide either a 
certified copy of a death certificate or other information regarding 
the death.

Subsection H of the procedural requirements (Paperwork Reduction Act) 
of this preamble states the expected increase in cost burden on tribal 
governments of these mandates, which is minimal. The opportunity for 
tribes to adopt their own tribal probate codes is voluntary and does 
not qualify as a Federal mandate.
25 CFR Part 179
    Amendments to part 179 do not impose any duties on persons outside 
the Department of the Interior.
43 CFR Parts 4 and 30
    Amendments to 43 CFR part 4 (including those incorporated into the 
new 43 CFR part 30), related to adjudication of probate estates, 
clarify the process for renouncing an interest, and allow consolidation 
agreements and purchases at probate. These opportunities are voluntary. 
The remainder of the amendments address OHA adjudication of probate 
estates and appeals. These amendments do not impose any Federal 
mandates on individual Indians, tribes, or others outside the 
Department of the Interior.
New 25 CFR Part 18 (Tribal Probate Codes)
    The new CFR part addressing tribal probate codes implements 
statutory authority for the adoption of a tribal probate code and 
statutory requirements for Secretarial approval of tribal probate 
codes. The adoption of a tribal probate code is voluntary; therefore, 
this rule does not impose any Federal mandates on tribes.
    Section 205 of the UMRA requires the agency to identify and 
consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives to the rule and 
adopt the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome 
alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. The Department 
has determined that alternatives to this rule are limited by 
practicality and feasibility, among other concerns, given that this 
rule is the result of negotiated working group recommendations working 
within the confines of statutory and judicial mandates. For this 
reason, the primary alternative the Department examined was the 
baseline (i.e., the current CFR part or the absence of regulatory 
provisions, as appropriate). With respect to each CFR part, the 
Department determined that the final language meets the objectives of 
the rule.
    Section 203 of the UMRA requires the agency to develop a small 
government agency plan before establishing any regulatory requirements 
that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including 
tribal governments. The small government agency plan must include 
procedures for notifying potentially affected small governments, 
providing officials of affected small governments with the opportunity 
for meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory 
proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and 
informing, educating, and advising small governments on compliance with 
the regulatory requirements. The Department has been operating under 
tribal consultation procedures that equate to a small government agency 
plan. The Department has developed these regulations in accordance with 
consultation procedures for notifying tribes, providing tribes with the 
opportunity for meaningful and timely input on the development of the 
rule; and it continues to inform, educate, and advise tribes on the 
contents of the rule.

E. Governmental Actions and Interference With Constitutionally 
Protected Property Rights (Executive Order 12630)

    This rule does not have significant ``takings'' implications. The 
Department notes that all sales under these regulations require that 
the owners be compensated at fair market value.

F. Federalism (Executive Order 13132)

    Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 
10, 1999), establishes certain requirements for Federal agencies 
issuing regulations, among other agency documents, that have 
``federalism implications.'' A regulation has ``federalism 
implications'' when it has ``substantial direct effects on the States, 
on the relationship between the national government and the States, or 
on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various 
levels of government.''
    This rule does not have federalism implications because it pertains 
solely to Federal-tribal relations and will not interfere with the 
roles, rights, and responsibilities of the States. The rule primarily 
provides means for improving the trust relationship between the 
Department and individual Indians by allowing the Department to better 
serve beneficiaries' interests. Additionally, the Federal government 
and the tribes have a government-to-government relationship that is 
independent of and does not affect the Federal government's 
relationship to the States or the balance of power and responsibilities 
among various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with 
Executive Order 13132, it is determined that this rule will not have 
sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a 
federalism assessment.

G. Civil Justice Reform (Executive Order 12988)

    Executive Order 12988 (61 FR 4729, February 7, 1996), section 3(a), 
requires Federal agencies to adhere to the following requirements when 
promulgating regulations: (1) Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; 
(2) write regulations to minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal 
standard for affected conduct rather than a general standard and 
promote simplification and burden reduction. Section 3(b) specifically 
requires that executive agencies make every reasonable effort to ensure 
that the regulations (1) clearly specify any preemptive effect; (2) 
clearly specify any effect on existing Federal law or regulation; (3) 
provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct while promoting 
simplification and burden reduction; (4) specify the retroactive 
effect, if any; (5) adequately define key terms; and (6) address other 
important issues clearly affecting clarity and general draftsmanship 
under any guidelines issued by the Attorney General. Section 3(c) of 
the Executive Order requires agencies to review regulations in light of 
the applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether 
they are met or whether it is unreasonable to meet one or more of them.
    The Department has determined that this rule will not unduly burden 
the judicial system. Significant portions of the rule will ensure that 
the judicial system is not overly burdened through enhancements to the 
administrative adjudication process. For example, amendments to 43 CFR 
parts 4 and 30, which describe the administrative processes for 
challenging the outcome of a probate proceeding, will streamline the 
probate adjudication process. Additionally, the Department has 
determined that the rule meets the applicable standards provided in 
sections 3(a) and 3(b) of Executive Order 12988. The Department has 
incorporated ``plain language'' approaches, as described in OMB's 
Writing User-Friendly Topics referred to

[[Page 67275]]

in the Federal Register Document Drafting Handbook. Department 
attorneys provided input throughout the development and drafting of 
these regulations to provide clear legal standards, specify preemptive 
effects, specify the effect on existing Federal laws and regulations, 
and otherwise minimize the likelihood that litigation will result from 
an ambiguity in the regulations.

H. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., 
prohibits a Federal agency from conducting or sponsoring a collection 
of information that requires OMB approval, unless such approval has 
been obtained and the collection request displays a currently valid OMB 
control number. No person is required to respond to an information 
collection request that has not complied with the PRA.
1. Background
    In the Federal Register of August 8, 2006, the Department published 
the proposed rule and invited comments on the proposed collection of 
information. The Department reopened the comment period for an 
additional 60 days to January 2, 2007. The Department again reopened 
the public comment period on January 25, 2007, for an additional 60 
days to March 12, 2007. The Department submitted the information 
collection request to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for 
review and approval. OMB did not approve this collection of 
information, but instead, filed comment. In filing comment on this 
collection of information, OMB requested that, prior to the publication 
of the final rule, the Department provide all comments on the 
recordkeeping and reporting requirements in the proposed rule, the 
Department's response to these comments, and a summary of any changes 
to the information collections. Further, OMB requested for any future 
submissions of this information collection, the Department indicate the 
submission as ``new'' and reference OMB control numbers 1076-0169, 
1076-0168, and 1076-0171.
2. Comments on Information Collections
    In response to publication of the proposed rule in the Federal 
Register and notices reopening the comment period, the Department did 
not receive any public comments regarding the information collection 
requirements. However, the Department did receive a few oral comments 
on the information collection requirements during tribal consultations 
and one written comment from a Departmental employee.
    The oral comments asked generally what the Paperwork Reduction Act 
section of the proposed rule addressed, and what the information 
collection request figures represented. Representatives of the 
Department responded at the tribal consultations by summarizing the 
Paperwork Reduction Act's requirement that the Department (1) identify 
any instances where the regulation requests that members of the public 
provide information; (2) explain the need for that information 
collection request; and (3) estimate how long it will take members of 
the public to provide the information. The Department representatives 
highlighted the fact that members of the public are welcome to comment 
on the information collection requests, including the Department's need 
for the information and estimates for how long it will take to provide 
the information.
    Pursuant to OMB's comments, the Department has summarized and 
submitted the comments, the Department's responses to these comments, 
and any changes made to information collections to OMB.
3. Information Collection Hour Burdens
    Two CFR parts being published today contain information collection 
requests: 25 CFR parts 15 and 18. The following tables, by part, 
describe the information collection requirements in each section of the 
final rule and any changes from the current rule.
25 CFR Part 15
    Title: Probate of Indian Estates, Except for Members of the Osage 
Nation and the Five Civilized Tribes.
    OMB Control Number: 1076-0169.
    Requested Expiration Date: Three years from the approval date.
    Summary: This part contains the procedures that the Secretary of 
the Interior follows to initiate the probate of the trust estate of a 
deceased person for whom the Secretary holds an interest as trust or 
restricted property. The Secretary must perform the information 
collection requests in this part to obtain the information necessary to 
compile an accurate and complete probate file. This file will be 
forwarded to the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) for disposition. 
Responses to these information collection requests are required to 
obtain benefits (e.g., payment of a devise or claim from a probated 
estate) in accordance with the Secretary's sole statutory authority to 
probate estates (see 25 U.S.C. 372).
    Bureau Form Number: None.
    Frequency of Collection: One per respondent each year with the 
exception of tribes that may be required to provide enrollment 
information on an average of approximately 10 times/year.
    Description of Respondents: Indians, businesses, and tribal 
authorities.
    Number of Respondents: 64,915.
    Total Annual Responses: 76,655.
    Total Annual Burden Hours: 1,037,433.
    The following is an explanation of the information collection 
requirements for 25 CFR part 15.

Section 15.9 What information must be included in an affidavit for a 
self-proved will, codicil, or revocation?

    This rule includes a requirement for a testator and witnesses 
executing a self-proving will, codicil, or revocation to file 
affidavits. The Department has estimated that approximately 1,000 
testators will choose to execute self-proving wills each year and that 
it will take approximately 0.5 hour to make the affidavit before an 
official authorized to administer oaths and to attach the affidavit to 
the will = 500 burden hours. This represents an increase of 500 burden 
hours due to program change with no annualized startup, or operations 
and maintenance costs.
    Likewise, given that approximately 1,000 testators will choose to 
execute self-proving wills each year, approximately 2,000 witnesses 
will be required to file supporting affidavits at 0.5 hour each = 1,000 
burden hours. This represents an increase of 1,000 burden hours due to 
program change with no annualized startup, or operations and 
maintenance costs.

Section 15.104 Does the agency need a death certificate to prepare a 
probate file?

    This rule adds a requirement for persons unable to provide a 
certified copy of a death certificate to provide as much information as 
they have about the deceased, including the State, city, reservation, 
location, date, and cause of death, the last known address of the 
deceased, and names and addresses of others who may have information 
about the deceased. If no death certificate exists, they must provide 
this information in an affidavit. This information will ensure that BIA 
has the information it needs regarding the identity of the deceased to 
collect documents for the probate file. The requirement already existed 
to provide a certified copy of a death certificate or, when unable to 
provide a certified copy of a death certificate because none existed, 
newspaper articles, obituary, or death notices and a church or court 
record.
    The Department estimates that preparing the affidavit in lieu of

[[Page 67276]]

providing a death certificate will impose an additional 1 hour burden 
per response to comply with this section. The existing estimated burden 
for locating and providing the death certificate is 4 hours per 
response. Assuming a respondent provides an affidavit in lieu of a 
certified copy of a death certificate only after spending the 4 hours 
searching unsuccessfully for the death certificate, 5 total burden 
hours per response are required to comply with this section. Assuming 
approximately 5,850 probates per year, the total burden will be 5,850 
responses x 5 hours per response = 29,250 burden hours. This represents 
an increase of 5,850 hours due to a programmatic change, with no 
annualized startup, or operations and maintenance costs.

Section 15.105 What other documents does the agency need to prepare a 
probate file?

    This section lists the items that BIA needs to prepare a probate 
file. The decedent's family and other knowledgeable members of the 
public are the most likely respondents for this information. The rule 
adds several items of information that must be included in the probate 
file. These additional items are (1) adoption and guardianship papers 
concerning decedent's potential heirs or beneficiaries; (2) orders 
requiring payment of spousal support; (3) identification of person or 
entity to whom an interest is renounced; (4) court judgments regarding 
creditor claims; and (5) place of enrollment and tribal enrollment or 
census number of the decedent and potential heirs and beneficiaries.
    The Department estimates that providing these documents will add 
approximately 1.25 hours to each response. Assuming 21,235 respondents 
annually x 45.5 hours to complete this section = 966,192.5 burden 
hours. This is an increase of approximately 26,543.75 hours due to a 
program change, with no annualized startup, or operations and 
maintenance costs.

Section 15.301 May I receive funds from the decedent's IIM account for 
funeral services?

    There has been no change to the information collection requirements 
in this section. The Department estimates that there will be one 
request for funeral expenses per each of the estimated 5,850 probates 
per year, at an estimated 2 hours per response = 11,700 burden hours, 
with no annualized startup, or operations and maintenance costs.

Section 15.302 May I file a claim against the estate?

    This rule adds to the requirements in the existing regulations that 
creditors provide information regarding their claims. Specifically, the 
rule requires creditors to file with the Secretary an affidavit and an 
itemized statement of the debt, including copies of any documents (such 
as signed notes, mortgages, account records, billing records, and 
journal entries) necessary to prove the indebtedness.
    For the proposed rule, the Department estimated that, on average, 
approximately 6 creditor claims per probate estate will be filed and 
that it will take creditors approximately 0.5 hour to provide this 
information. The Department believes that the number-of-claims estimate 
was, in fact, high, but because no public comments were received, the 
Department has retained this estimate. The most recent Paperwork 
Reduction Act submission purported to assume that 6 claims per probate 
estate would be filed, but at 5,850 probates per year, the previous 
assumption of 127,410 respondents appears to be erroneous. Assuming 
35,100 responses (6 claims per probate estate x 5,850 probate estates), 
the Department estimates the burden hours = 35,100 responses x 0.5 = 
17,550 burden hours. This is a decrease of approximately 46,155 hours 
due to an adjustment with no annualized startup, or operations and 
maintenance costs.
    This rule also adds a requirement for the person filing a claim 
against the estate to file an affidavit. The Department has determined 
that this does not qualify as ``information'' under 5 CFR 1320.3(h)(1) 
because it entails no burden other than that necessary to identify the 
claimant, the date, the claimant's address, and the nature of the 
instrument as a claim against the estate.

Section 15.203 What information must tribes provide BIA to complete the 
probate file?

    This new section requires tribes to provide any information the 
Secretary requires to complete the probate file, such as enrollment or 
family data. The information required by the Secretary will include 
documents that the tribe should have readily available. We assumed 
that, of the 5,850 probate cases, at least one decedent would come from 
each of the 562 federally recognized tribes. On average, a tribe will 
have to provide information for approximately 10 of the 5,850 probate 
cases per year. We estimate that each tribe will require 2 hours to 
assist in completing the probate file x 10 responses annually x 562 
Federal recognized tribes = 11,240 hours to ensure completion of 
probate files. This is a new requirement, which incorporates 11,240 
hours as a program change, with no annualized startup, or operations 
and maintenance costs.

Section 15.403 What happens after the probate order is issued?

    This section provides that a request for de novo review may be 
filed within 30 days of a probate decision by an Attorney Decision 
Maker. The information collection requirements that had been included 
in this section have been moved to 43 CFR part 4, but are exempt under 
5 CFR 1320.4(a)(2) because they relate to the conduct of administrative 
actions against specific individuals. Additionally, all that is 
required is the filing of a request for do novo review. This represents 
a decrease of 53,088 hours due to a program change.

    Note: The ``Old CFR Section'' numbers in the table below are 
those as of the last Paperwork Reduction Act submission for 25 CFR 
part 15 in December 2003.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          Number of                Total hours   Currently
       Old CFR  section          New CFR        Description of info        response    Hours per    requested     approved    Explanation of difference
                                 section       collection requirement       per yr      response     (Annual)      hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      15.9  File affidavit to self-            1,000          0.5          500            0  Requires testator affidavit
                                             prove will, codicil, or                                                          to self-prove will.
                                             revocation.
                                      15.9  File supporting affidavit          2,000          0.5        1,000            0  Requires witness affidavits
                                             to self-prove will,                                                              to self-prove will.
                                             codicil, or revocation.
15.101.......................       15.104  Reporting req.--death              5,850            5       29,250       23,400  New section requires
                                             certificate.                                                                     additional information
                                                                                                                              where a death certificate
                                                                                                                              is not provided.

[[Page 67277]]

 
15.106.......................       15.301  Reporting funeral expenses.        5,850            2       11,700       11,700  No change.
15.104.......................       15.105  Provide probate documents..       21,235         45.5      966,193      939,649  Amendments delete
                                                                                                                              requirement for birth
                                                                                                                              certificate, but add other
                                                                                                                              requirements.
15.109.......................               Provide disclaimer info (\1/           0            0            0        7,887  Section deleted.
                                             4\).
15.303.......................       15.302  File claim against estate            N/A          N/A          N/A               ...........................
                                             (affidavit).
15.203.......................          N/A  Provide response to                    0            0            0        2,972  This requirement has been
                                             transmittal.                                                                     deleted.
15.303.......................       15.302  Provide info on creditor          35,100          0.5       17,550       63,705  Decrease to reflect 6
                                             claim (6 per probate).                                                           claims per probate.
                                    15.203  Provide tribal information         5,620            2       11,240            0  New requirement for tribes
                                             for probate file \2\.                                                            to provide enrollment
                                                                                                                              information, upon request.
15.402.......................       15.403  Provide info for filing                0            0            0       53,088  Now only have to file a
                                             appeal.                                                                          notice of appeal; info
                                                                                                                              collection requirements
                                                                                                                              moved to 43 CFR part 4.
                              ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total....................  ...........  ...........................       76,655  ...........    1,037,433    1,094,514
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25 CFR Part 18
    Title: Tribal Probate Codes.
    OMB Control Number: 1076-0168.
    Requested Expiration Date: Three years from the approval date.
    Summary: This part contains the procedures that the Secretary of 
the Interior follows to review and approve tribal probate codes and 
amendments to tribal probate codes. This part also explains the 
procedure the tribe must follow to begin the approval process for a 
tribal probate code or amendment to the code, as well as the date on 
which the tribal probate code becomes effective.
    Bureau Form Number: None.
    Frequency of Collection: On occasion.
    Description of Respondents: Tribal authorities.
    Number of Respondents: 100.
    Total Annual Responses: 100.
    Total Annual Burden Hours: 50.
    The following is an explanation of the information collection 
requirements for 25 CFR part 18.
    Section 18.105 How does a tribe request approval for a tribal 
probate code?
    Section 18.202 How does a tribe request approval for a tribal 
probate code amendment?
    Section 18.302 How does a tribe request approval for the single 
heir rule?
    This rule adds a requirement for a tribe enacting a new tribal 
probate code, amending an existing tribal probate code, or enacting a 
freestanding single heir rule, to submit the code, amendment, or rule 
to the Secretary for approval. Secretarial approval is required 
whenever the code, amendment, or rule governs the descent or 
distribution of trust or restricted lands. The Department has estimated 
that, on average, approximately 100 tribes will submit new codes, amend 
their existing codes, or submit free-standing single heir rules each 
year, and that it will take approximately 0.5 hour to submit the 
document to the Secretary = 50 burden hours. This represents an 
increase of 50 burden hours due to program change with no annualized 
startup, or operations and maintenance costs.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Number of                      Total hours      Currently
           New CFR section                Description of info    responses  per     Hours per       requested       approved          Explanation of
                                        collection requirement         yr           response        (annual)          hours             difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18.105, 18.202, 18.302...............  Submit tribal probate                100             0.5              50               0  New section requires
                                        code, amendment, or                                                                       submission of tribal
                                        single heir rule.                                                                         probate code,
                                                                                                                                  amendment, or single
                                                                                                                                  heir rule for
                                                                                                                                  approval.
                                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
    Total............................  ........................             100                              50               0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. OMB Approval of Information Collections
    OMB has approved the information collection requirements included 
in this final rule and has assigned the following OMB Control Numbers--
25 CFR part 15: OMB Control No. 1076-0169, and 25 CFR part 18: OMB 
Control No. 1076-0168. These approvals will expire on 11/30/2011. 
Questions or comments concerning this information collection should be 
directed to the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 
section of this preamble.

I. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

    The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) requires 
Federal

[[Page 67278]]

agencies to prepare an environmental assessment or environmental impact 
statement for all ``major Federal actions.'' This rule does not 
constitute a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality 
of the human environment. An environmental assessment is not required 
because any environmental effects of this rule are too broad, 
speculative, or conjectural to lend themselves to meaningful analysis. 
Further, the Federal actions under this rule (e.g., approval or 
disapproval of leases of Indian lands), where they qualify as ``major 
Federal actions,'' will be subject to the NEPA process at the time of 
the action itself, either collectively or case-by-case.

J. Government-to-Government Relationships With Tribes (Executive Order 
13175)

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, 
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal 
Governments,'' Executive Order 13175 (59 FR 22951, November 6, 2000), 
and 512 DM 2, we have evaluated the potential effects on federally 
recognized Indian tribes and Indian trust assets and have identified 
potential effects. The Department engaged tribal government 
representatives in developing the Fiduciary Trust Model, which served 
as the basis for this rulemaking, provided tribal government 
representatives with advance copies of the proposed rule, and provided 
additional notice to tribal government through Federal Register 
notices. The Department presented the preliminary drafts and obtained 
the input of tribes at two formal consultation meetings: One in 
Albuquerque, New Mexico, on February 14-15, 2006, and one in Portland, 
Oregon, on March 29, 2006. The Department then presented revised drafts 
and again obtained the input of tribes at tribal consultations in Rapid 
City, South Dakota, on July 27, 2006. Tribal consultations on the 
proposed regulations took place in Billings, Montana, on August 8, 
2006, and in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on August 10, 2006. The Department 
carefully reviewed comments received by tribal government officials. 
These actions enabled tribal officials and the affected tribal 
constituency throughout Indian country to have meaningful and timely 
input in the development of the final rule, while reinforcing positive 
intergovernmental relations with tribal governments.

K. Energy Effects (Executive Order 13211)

    Executive Order 13211 addresses regulations that significantly 
affect energy supply, distribution, and use. The Executive Order 
requires agencies to prepare Statements of Energy Effects when 
undertaking certain actions. In accordance with this Executive Order, 
this rule does not have a significant effect on the nation's energy 
supply, distribution, or use. This rule is restricted to addressing 
assets held in trust or restricted status for individual Indians or 
tribes.

L. Information Quality Act

    In developing this rule, the Department did not conduct or use a 
study, experiment, or survey requiring peer review under the 
Information Quality Act (Pub. L. 106-554).

List of Subjects

25 CFR Part 15

    Estates, Indians-law.

25 CFR Part 18

    Estates, Indians-lands.

25 CFR Part 179

    Estates, Indians-lands.

43 CFR Part 4

    Administrative practice and procedure, Claims.

43 CFR Part 30

    Administrative practice and procedure, Claims, Estates, Indians, 
Lawyers.

0
For the reasons given in the preamble, the Department of the Interior 
amends chapter 1 of title 25 and subtitle A of title 43 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations as follows.

Title 25--Indians

Chapter 1--Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior

0
1. Revise part 15 to read as follows:

PART 15--PROBATE OF INDIAN ESTATES, EXCEPT FOR MEMBERS OF THE OSAGE 
NATION AND THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES

Subpart A--Introduction
Sec.
15.1 What is the purpose of this part?
15.2 What definitions do I need to know?
15.3 Who can make a will disposing of trust or restricted land or 
trust personalty?
15.4 What are the requirements for a valid will?
15.5 May I revoke my will?
15.6 May my will be deemed revoked by the operation of the law of 
any State?
15.7 What is a self-proved will?
15.8 May I make my will, codicil, or revocation self-proved?
15.9 What information must be included in an affidavit for a self-
proved will, codicil, or revocation?
15.10 Will the Secretary probate all the land or assets in an 
estate?
15.11 What are the basic steps of the probate process?
15.12 What happens if assets in a trust estate may be diminished or 
destroyed while the probate is pending?
Subpart B--Starting the Probate Process
15.101 When should I notify the agency of a death of a person owning 
trust or restricted property?
15.102 Who may notify the agency of a death?
15.103 How do I begin the probate process?
15.104 Does the agency need a death certificate to prepare a probate 
file?
15.105 What other documents does the agency need to prepare a 
probate file?
15.106 May a probate case be initiated when an owner of an interest 
has been absent?
15.107 Who prepares the probate file?
15.108 If the decedent was not an enrolled member of a tribe or was 
a member of more than one tribe, who prepares the probate file?
Subpart C--Preparing the Probate File
15.201 What will the agency do with the documents that I provide?
15.202 What items must the agency include in the probate file?
15.203 What information must tribes provide BIA to complete the 
probate file?
15.204 When is a probate file complete?
Subpart D--Obtaining Emergency Assistance and Filing Claims
15.301 May I receive funds from the decedent's IIM account for 
funeral services?
15.302 May I file a claim against an estate?
15.303 Where may I file my claim against an estate?
15.304 When must I file my claim?
15.305 What must I include with my claim?
Subpart E--Probate Processing and Distributions
15.401 What happens after BIA prepares the probate file?
15.402 What happens after the probate file is referred to OHA?
15.403 What happens after the probate order is issued?
Subpart F--Information and Records
15.501 How may I find out the status of a probate?
15.502 Who owns the records associated with this part?
15.503 How must records associated with this part be preserved?
15.504 Who may inspect records and records management practices?
15.505 How does the Paperwork Reduction Act affect this part?

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 25 U.S.C. 2, 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 et 
seq.; 44 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.


[[Page 67279]]


    Cross Reference: For special rules applying to proceedings in 
Indian Probate (Determination of Heirs and Approval of Wills, Except 
for Members of the Five Civilized Tribes and Osage Indians), 
including hearings and appeals within the jurisdiction of the Office 
of Hearings and Appeals, see title 43, Code of Federal Regulations, 
part 4, subpart D, and part 30; Funds of deceased Indians other than 
the Five Civilized Tribes, see title 25 Code of Federal Regulations, 
part 115.

Subpart A--Introduction


Sec.  15.1  What is the purpose of this part?

    (a) This part contains the procedures that we follow to initiate 
the probate of the trust estate of a deceased person for whom the 
United States holds an interest in trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty. This part tells you how to file the necessary documents to 
probate the trust estate. This part also describes how probates will be 
processed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and when probates will 
be forwarded to the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) for 
disposition.
    (b) The following provisions do not apply to Alaska property 
interests:
    (1) Section 15.202(c), (d), (e)(2), (n), and (o); and
    (2) Section 15.401(b).


Sec.  15.2  What definitions do I need to know?

    Act means the Indian Land Consolidation Act and its amendments, 
including the American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004 (AIPRA), Pub. 
L. 108-374, as codified at 25 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.
    Administrative law judge (ALJ) means an administrative law judge 
with the Office of Hearings and Appeals appointed under the 
Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 3105.
    Affidavit means a written declaration of facts by a person that is 
signed by that person, swearing or affirming under penalty of perjury 
that the facts declared are true and correct to the best of that 
person's knowledge and belief.
    Agency means:
    (1) The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agency office, or any other 
designated office in BIA, having jurisdiction over trust or restricted 
land and trust personalty; and
    (2) Any office of a tribe that has entered into a contract or 
compact to fulfill the probate function under 25 U.S.C. 450f or 458cc.
    Attorney Decision Maker (ADM) means an attorney with OHA who 
conducts a summary probate proceeding and renders a decision that is 
subject to de novo review by an administrative law judge or Indian 
probate judge.
    BIA means the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department of the 
Interior.
    Child means a natural or adopted child.
    Codicil means a supplement or addition to a will, executed with the 
same formalities as a will. It may explain, modify, add to, or revoke 
provisions in an existing will.
    Consolidation agreement means a written agreement under the 
provisions of 25 U.S.C. 2206(e) or 2206(j)(9), entered during the 
probate process, approved by the judge, and implemented by the probate 
order, by which a decedent's heirs and devisees consolidate interests 
in trust or restricted land.
    Creditor means any individual or entity that has a claim for 
payment from a decedent's estate.
    Day means a calendar day.
    Decedent means a person who is deceased.
    Decision or order (or decision and order) means:
    (1) A written document issued by a judge making determinations as 
to heirs, wills, devisees, and the claims of creditors, and ordering 
distribution of trust or restricted land or trust personalty;
    (2) The decision issued by an attorney decision maker in a summary 
probate proceeding; or
    (3) A decision issued by a judge finding that the evidence is 
insufficient to determine that a person is dead by reason of 
unexplained absence.
    Department means the Department of the Interior.
    Devise means a gift of property by will. Also, to give property by 
will.
    Devisee means a person or entity that receives property under a 
will.
    Eligible heir means, for the purposes of the Act, any of a 
decedent's children, grandchildren, great grandchildren, full siblings, 
half siblings by blood, and parents who are any of the following:
    (1) Indian;
    (2) Lineal descendents within two degrees of consanguinity of an 
Indian; or
    (3) Owners of a trust or restricted interest in a parcel of land 
for purposes of inheriting--by descent, renunciation, or consolidation 
agreement--another trust or restricted interest in such parcel from the 
decedent.
    Estate means the trust or restricted land and trust personalty 
owned by the decedent at the time of death.
    Formal probate proceeding means a proceeding, conducted by a judge, 
in which evidence is obtained through the testimony of witnesses and 
the receipt of relevant documents.
    Heir means any individual or entity eligible to receive property 
from a decedent in an intestate proceeding.
    Individual Indian Money (IIM) account means an interest bearing 
account for trust funds held by the Secretary that belong to a person 
who has an interest in trust assets. These accounts are under the 
control and management of the Secretary.
    Indian means, for the purposes of the Act, any of the following:
    (1) Any person who is a member of a federally recognized Indian 
tribe is eligible to become a member of any federally recognized Indian 
tribe, or is an owner (as of October 27, 2004) of a trust or restricted 
interest in land;
    (2) Any person meeting the definition of Indian under 25 U.S.C. 
479; or
    (3) With respect to the inheritance and ownership of trust or 
restricted land in the State of California under 25 U.S.C. 2206, any 
person described in paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition or any 
person who owns a trust or restricted interest in a parcel of such land 
in that State.
    Indian probate judge (IPJ) means an attorney with OHA, other than 
an ALJ, to whom the Secretary has delegated the authority to hear and 
decide Indian probate cases.
    Interested party means:
    (1) Any potential or actual heir;
    (2) Any devisee under a will;
    (3) Any person or entity asserting a claim against a decedent's 
estate;
    (4) Any tribe having a statutory option to purchase the trust or 
restricted property interest of a decedent; or
    (5) A co-owner exercising a purchase option.
    Intestate means that the decedent died without a valid will as 
determined in the probate proceeding.
    Judge means an ALJ or IPJ.
    Lockbox means a centralized system within OST for receiving and 
depositing trust fund remittances collected by BIA.
    LTRO means the Land Titles and Records Office within BIA.
    OHA means the Office of Hearings and Appeals within the Department 
of the Interior.
    OST means the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians 
within the Department of the Interior.
    Probate means the legal process by which applicable tribal, 
Federal, or State law that affects the distribution of a decedent's 
estate is applied in order to:
    (1) Determine the heirs;
    (2) Determine the validity of wills and determine devisees;
    (3) Determine whether claims against the estate will be paid from 
trust personalty; and

[[Page 67280]]

    (4) Order the transfer of any trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty to the heirs, devisees, or other persons or entities 
entitled by law to receive them.
    Purchase option at probate means the process by which eligible 
purchasers can purchase a decedent's interest during the probate 
proceeding.
    Restricted property means real property, the title to which is held 
by an Indian but which cannot be alienated or encumbered without the 
Secretary's consent. For the purpose of probate proceedings, restricted 
property is treated as if it were trust property. Except as the law may 
provide otherwise, the term ``restricted property'' as used in this 
part does not include the restricted lands of the Five Civilized Tribes 
of Oklahoma or the Osage Nation.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or an authorized 
representative.
    Summary probate proceeding means the consideration of a probate 
file without a hearing. A summary probate proceeding may be conducted 
if the estate involves only an IIM account that does not exceed $5,000 
in value on the date of the decedent's death.
    Superintendent means a BIA Superintendent or other BIA official, 
including a field representative or one holding equivalent authority.
    Testate means that the decedent executed a valid will as determined 
in the probate proceeding.
    Testator means a person who has executed a valid will as determined 
in the probate proceeding.
    Trust personalty means all tangible personal property, funds, and 
securities of any kind that are held in trust in an IIM account or 
otherwise supervised by the Secretary.
    Trust property means real or personal property, or an interest 
therein, the title to which is held in trust by the United States for 
the benefit of an individual Indian or tribe.
    We or us means the Secretary, an authorized representative of the 
Secretary, or the authorized employee or representative of a tribe 
performing probate functions under a contract or compact approved by 
the Secretary.
    Will means a written testamentary document that was executed by the 
decedent and attested to by two disinterested adult witnesses, and that 
states who will receive the decedent's trust or restricted property.
    You or I means an interested party, as defined herein, with an 
interest in the decedent's trust estate unless the context requires 
otherwise.


Sec.  15.3  Who can make a will disposing of trust or restricted land 
or trust personalty?

    Any person 18 years of age or over and of testamentary capacity, 
who has any right, title, or interest in trust or restricted land or 
trust personalty, may dispose of trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty by will.


Sec.  15.4  What are the requirements for a valid will?

    You must meet the requirements of Sec.  15.3, date and execute your 
will, in writing and have it attested by two disinterested adult 
witnesses.


Sec.  15.5  May I revoke my will?

    Yes. You may revoke your will at any time. You may revoke your will 
by any means authorized by tribal or Federal law, including executing a 
subsequent will or other writing with the same formalities as are 
required for execution of a will.


Sec.  15.6  May my will be deemed revoked by operation of the law of 
any State?

    No. A will that is subject to the regulations of this subpart will 
not be deemed to be revoked by operation of the law of any State.


Sec.  15.7  What is a self-proved will?

    A self-proved will is a will with attached affidavits, signed by 
the testator and the witnesses before an officer authorized to 
administer oaths, certifying that they complied with the requirements 
of execution of the will.


Sec.  15.8  May I make my will, codicil, or revocation self-proved?

    Yes. A will, codicil, or revocation may be made self-proved as 
provided in this section.
    (a) A will, codicil, or revocation may be made self-proved by the 
testator and attesting witnesses at the time of its execution.
    (b) The testator and the attesting witnesses must sign the required 
affidavits before an officer authorized to administer oaths, and the 
affidavits must be attached to the will, codicil, or revocation.


Sec.  15.9  What information must be included in an affidavit for a 
self-proved will, codicil, or revocation?

    (a) A testator's affidavit must contain substantially the following 
content:
    Tribe of -------- or
    State of --------
    County of --------.

    I, --------, swear or affirm under penalty of perjury that, on the 
---- day of --------, 20----, I requested --------and -------- to act 
as witnesses to my will; that I declared to them that the document was 
my last will; that I signed the will in the presence of both witnesses; 
that they signed the will as witnesses in my presence and in the 
presence of each other; that the will was read and explained to me (or 
read by me), after being prepared and before I signed it, and it 
clearly and accurately expresses my wishes; and that I willingly made 
and executed the will as my free and voluntary act for the purposes 
expressed in the will.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Testator

    (b) Each attesting witness's affidavit must contain substantially 
the following content:
    We, --------and --------, swear or affirm under penalty of perjury 
that on the ---- day of --------, 20----, -------- of the State of ----
----, published and declared the attached document to be his/her last 
will, signed the will in the presence of both of us, and requested both 
of us to sign the will as witnesses; that we, in compliance with his/
her request, signed the will as witnesses in his/her presence and in 
the presence of each other; and that the testator was not acting under 
duress, menace, fraud, or undue influence of any person, so far as we 
could determine, and in our opinion was mentally capable of disposing 
of all his/her estate by will.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Witness

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Witness

    Subscribed and sworn to or affirmed before me this ---- day of ----
----, 20----, by -------- testator, and by -------- and --------, 
attesting witnesses.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Title)

Sec.  15.10  Will the Secretary probate all the land or assets in an 
estate?

    (a) We will probate only the trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty in an estate.
    (b) We will not probate the following property:
    (1) Real or personal property other than trust or restricted land 
or trust personalty in an estate of a decedent;
    (2) Restricted land derived from allotments made to members of the 
Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and 
Seminole) in Oklahoma; and
    (3) Restricted interests derived from allotments made to Osage 
Indians in Oklahoma (Osage Nation) and Osage headright interests owned 
by Osage decedents.
    (c) We will probate that part of the estate of a deceased member of 
the Five Civilized Tribes or Osage Nation who

[[Page 67281]]

owns a trust interest in land or a restricted interest in land derived 
from an individual Indian who was a member of a tribe other than the 
Five Civilized Tribes or Osage Nation.


Sec.  15.11  What are the basic steps of the probate process?

    The basic steps of the probate process are:
    (a) We learn about a person's death (see subpart B for details);
    (b) We prepare a probate file that includes documents sent to the 
agency (see subpart C for details);
    (c) We refer the completed probate file to OHA for assignment to a 
judge or ADM (see subpart D for details); and
    (d) The judge or ADM decides how to distribute any trust or 
restricted land and/or trust personalty, and we make the distribution 
(see subpart D for details).


Sec.  15.12  What happens if assets in a trust estate may be diminished 
or destroyed while the probate is pending?

    (a) This section applies if an interested party or BIA:
    (1) Learns of the death of a person owning trust or restricted 
property; and
    (2) Believes that an emergency exists and the assets in the trust 
estate may be significantly diminished or destroyed before the final 
decision and order of a judge in a probate case.
    (b) An interested party, the Superintendent, or other authorized 
representative of BIA has standing to request relief.
    (c) The interested party or BIA representative may request:
    (1) That OHA immediately assign a judge or ADM to the probate case;
    (2) That BIA transfer a probate file to OHA containing sufficient 
information on potential interested parties and documentation 
concerning the alleged emergency for a judge to consider emergency 
relief in order to preserve estate assets; and
    (3) That OHA hold an expedited hearing or consider ex parte relief 
to prevent impending or further loss or destruction of trust assets.

Subpart B--Starting the Probate Process


Sec.  15.101  When should I notify the agency of the death of a person 
owning trust or restricted property?

    There is no deadline for notifying us of a death.
    (a) Notify us as provided in Sec.  15.103 to assure timely 
distribution of the estate.
    (b) If we find out about the death of a person owning trust or 
restricted property we may initiate the process to collect the 
necessary documentation.


Sec.  15.102  Who may notify the agency of a death?

    Anyone may notify us of a death.


Sec.  15.103  How do I begin the probate process?

    As soon as possible, contact any of the following offices to inform 
us of the decedent's death:
    (a) The agency or BIA regional office nearest to where the decedent 
was enrolled;
    (b) Any agency or BIA regional office; or
    (c) The Trust Beneficiary Call Center in OST.


Sec.  15.104  Does the agency need a death certificate to prepare a 
probate file?

    (a) Yes. You must provide us with a certified copy of the death 
certificate if a death certificate exists. If necessary, we will make a 
copy from your certified copy for our use and return your copy.
    (b) If a death certificate does not exist, you must provide an 
affidavit containing as much information as you have concerning the 
deceased, such as:
    (1) The State, city, reservation, location, date, and cause of 
death;
    (2) The last known address of the deceased;
    (3) Names and addresses of others who may have information about 
the deceased; and
    (4) Any other information available concerning the deceased, such 
as newspaper articles, an obituary, death notices, or a church or court 
record.


Sec.  15.105  What other documents does the agency need to prepare a 
probate file?

    In addition to the certified copy of a death certificate or other 
reliable evidence of death listed in Sec.  15.104, we need the 
following information and documents:
    (a) Originals or copies of all wills, codicils, and revocations, or 
other evidence that a will may exist;
    (b) The Social Security number of the decedent;
    (c) The place of enrollment and the tribal enrollment or census 
number of the decedent and potential heirs or devisees;
    (d) Current names and addresses of the decedent's potential heirs 
and devisees;
    (e) Any sworn statements regarding the decedent's family, including 
any statements of paternity or maternity;
    (f) Any statements renouncing an interest in the estate including 
identification of the person or entity in whose favor the interest is 
renounced, if any;
    (g) A list of claims by known creditors of the decedent and their 
addresses, including copies of any court judgments; and
    (h) Documents from the appropriate authorities, certified if 
possible, concerning the public record of the decedent, including but 
not limited to, any:
    (1) Marriage licenses and certificates of the decedent;
    (2) Divorce decrees of the decedent;
    (3) Adoption and guardianship records concerning the decedent or 
the decedent's potential heirs or devisees;
    (4) Use of other names by the decedent, including copies of name 
changes by court order; and
    (5) Orders requiring payment of child support or spousal support.


Sec.  15.106  May a probate case be initiated when an owner of an 
interest has been absent?

    (a) A probate case may be initiated when either:
    (1) Information is provided to us that an owner of an interest in 
trust or restricted land or trust personalty has been absent without 
explanation for a period of at least 6 years; or
    (2) We become aware of other facts or circumstances from which an 
inference may be drawn that the person has died.
    (b) When we receive information as described in Sec.  15.106(a), we 
may begin an investigation into the circumstances, and may attempt to 
locate the person. We may:
    (1) Search available electronic databases;
    (2) Inquire into other published information sources such as 
telephone directories and other available directories;
    (3) Examine BIA land title and lease records;
    (4) Examine the IIM account ledger for disbursements from the 
account; and
    (5) Engage the services of an independent firm to conduct a search 
for the owner.
    (c) When we have completed our investigation, if we are unable to 
locate the person, we may initiate a probate case and prepare a file 
that may include all the documentation developed in the search.
    (d) We may file a claim in the probate case to recover the 
reasonable costs expended to contract with an independent firm to 
conduct the search.


Sec.  15.107  Who prepares a probate file?

    The agency that serves the tribe where the decedent was an enrolled 
member will prepare the probate file in consultation with the potential 
heirs or devisees who can be located, and with other people who have 
information about the decedent or the estate.

[[Page 67282]]

Sec.  15.108  If the decedent was not an enrolled member of a tribe or 
was a member of more than one tribe, who prepares the probate file?

    Unless otherwise provided by Federal law, the agency that has 
jurisdiction over the tribe with the strongest association with the 
decedent will serve as the home agency and will prepare the probate 
file if the decedent owned interests in trust or restricted land or 
trust personalty and either:
    (a) Was not an enrolled member of a tribe; or
    (b) Was a member of more than one tribe.

Subpart C--Preparing the Probate File


Sec.  15.201  What will the agency do with the documents that I 
provide?

    After we receive notice of the death of a person owning trust or 
restricted land or trust personalty, we will examine the documents 
provided under Sec. Sec.  15.104 and 15.105, and other documents and 
information provided to us to prepare a complete probate file. We may 
consult with you and other individuals or entities to obtain additional 
information to complete the probate file. Then we will transfer the 
probate file to OHA.


Sec.  15.202  What items must the agency include in the probate file?

    We will include the items listed in this section in the probate 
file.
    (a) The evidence of death of the decedent as provided under Sec.  
15.104.
    (b) A completed ``Data for Heirship Findings and Family History 
Form'' or successor form, certified by BIA, with the enrollment or 
other identifying number shown for each potential heir or devisee.
    (c) Information provided by potential heirs, devisees, or the 
tribes on:
    (1) Whether the heirs and devisees meet the definition of 
``Indian'' for probate purposes, including enrollment or eligibility 
for enrollment in a tribe; or
    (2) Whether the potential heirs or devisees are within two degrees 
of consanguinity of an ``Indian.''
    (d) If an individual qualifies as an Indian only because of 
ownership of a trust or restricted interest in land, the date on which 
the individual became the owner of the trust or restricted interest.
    (e) A certified inventory of trust or restricted land, including:
    (1) Accurate and adequate descriptions of all land and 
appurtenances; and
    (2) Identification of any interests that represent less than 5 
percent of the undivided interest in a parcel.
    (f) A statement showing the balance and the source of funds in the 
decedent's IIM account on the date of death.
    (g) A statement showing all receipts and sources of income to and 
disbursements, if any, from the decedent's IIM account after the date 
of death.
    (h) Originals or copies of all wills, codicils, and revocations 
that have been provided to us.
    (i) A copy of any statement or document concerning any wills, 
codicils, or revocations the BIA returned to the testator.
    (j) Any statement renouncing an interest in the estate that has 
been submitted to us, and the information necessary to identify any 
person receiving a renounced interest.
    (k) Claims of creditors that have been submitted to us under Sec.  
15.302 through 15.305, including documentation required by Sec.  
15.305.
    (l) Documentation of any payments made on requests filed under the 
provisions of Sec.  15.301.
    (m) All the documents acquired under Sec.  15.105.
    (n) The record of each tribal or individual request to purchase a 
trust or restricted land interest at probate.
    (o) The record of any individual request for a consolidation 
agreement, including a description, such as an Individual/Tribal 
Interest Report, of any lands not part of the decedent's estate that 
are proposed for inclusion in the consolidation agreement.


Sec.  15.203  What information must tribes provide BIA to complete the 
probate file?

    Tribes must provide any information that we require or request to 
complete the probate file. This information may include enrollment and 
family history data or property title documents that pertain to any 
pending probate matter.


Sec.  15.204  When is a probate file complete?

    A probate file is complete for transfer to OHA when a BIA approving 
official includes a certification that:
    (a) States that the probate file includes all information listed in 
Sec.  15.202 that is available; and
    (b) Lists all sources of information BIA queried in an attempt to 
locate information listed in Sec.  15.202 that is not available.

Subpart D--Obtaining Emergency Assistance and Filing Claims


Sec.  15.301  May I receive funds from the decedent's IIM account for 
funeral services?

    (a) You may request an amount of no more than $1,000 from the 
decedent's IIM account if:
    (1) You are responsible for making the funeral arrangements on 
behalf of the family of a decedent who had an IIM account;
    (2) You have an immediate need to pay for funeral arrangements 
before burial; and
    (3) The decedent's IIM account contains more than $2,500 on the 
date of death.
    (b) You must apply for funds under paragraph (a) of this section 
and submit to us an original itemized estimate of the cost of the 
service to be rendered and the identification of the service provider.
    (c) We may approve reasonable costs of no more than $1,000 that are 
necessary for the burial services, taking into consideration:
    (1) The total amount in the IIM account;
    (2) The availability of non-trust funds; and
    (3) Any other relevant factors.
    (d) We will make payments directly to the providers of the 
services.


Sec.  15.302  May I file a claim against an estate?

    If a decedent owed you money, you may make a claim against the 
estate of the decedent.


Sec.  15.303  Where may I file my claim against an estate?

    (a) You may submit your claim to us before we transfer the probate 
file to OHA or you may file your claim with OHA after the probate file 
has been transferred if you comply with 43 CFR 30.140 through 30.148.
    (b) If we receive your claim after the probate file has been 
transmitted to OHA but before the order is issued, we will promptly 
transmit your claim to OHA.


Sec.  15.304  When must I file my claim?

    You must file your claim before the conclusion of the first hearing 
by OHA or, for cases designated as summary probate proceedings, as 
allowed under 43 CFR 30.140. Claims not timely filed will be barred.


Sec.  15.305  What must I include with my claim?

    (a) You must include an itemized statement of the claim, including 
copies of any supporting documents such as signed notes, account 
records, billing records, and journal entries. The itemized statement 
must also include:
    (1) The date and amount of the original debt;
    (2) The dates, amounts, and identity of the payor for any payments 
made;
    (3) The dates, amounts, product or service, and identity of any 
person making charges on the account;
    (4) The balance remaining on the debt on the date of the decedent's 
death; and

[[Page 67283]]

    (5) Any evidence that the decedent disputed the amount of the 
claim.
    (b) You must submit an affidavit that verifies the balance due and 
states whether:
    (1) Parties other than the decedent are responsible for any portion 
of the debt alleged;
    (2) Any known or claimed offsets to the alleged debt exist;
    (3) The creditor or anyone on behalf of the creditor has filed a 
claim or sought reimbursement against the decedent's non-trust or non-
restricted property in any other judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, 
and the status of such action; and
    (4) The creditor or anyone on behalf of the creditor has filed a 
claim or sought reimbursement against the decedent's trust or 
restricted property in any other judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, 
and the status of such action.
    (c) A secured creditor must first exhaust the security before a 
claim against trust personalty for any deficiency will be allowed. You 
must submit a verified or certified copy of any judgment or other 
documents that establish the amount of the deficiency after exhaustion 
of the security.

Subpart E--Probate Processing and Distributions


Sec.  15.401  What happens after BIA prepares the probate file?

    Within 30 days after we assemble all the documents required by 
Sec. Sec.  15.202 and 15.204, we will:
    (a) Refer the case and send the probate file to OHA for 
adjudication in accordance with 43 CFR part 30; and
    (b) Forward a list of fractional interests that represent less than 
5 percent of the entire undivided ownership of each parcel of land in 
the decedent's estate to the tribes with jurisdiction over those 
interests.


Sec.  15.402  What happens after the probate file is referred to OHA?

    When OHA receives the probate file from BIA, it will assign the 
case to a judge or ADM. The judge or ADM will conduct the probate 
proceeding and issue a written decision or order, in accordance with 43 
CFR part 30.


Sec.  15.403  What happens after the probate order is issued?

    (a) If the probate decision or order is issued by an ADM, you have 
30 days from the decision mailing date to file a written request for a 
de novo review.
    (b) If the probate decision or order is issued by a judge, you have 
30 days from the decision mailing date to file a written request for 
rehearing. After a judge's decision on rehearing, you have 30 days from 
the mailing date of the decision to file an appeal, in accordance with 
43 CFR parts 4 and 30.
    (c) When any interested party files a timely request for de novo 
review, a request for rehearing, or an appeal, we will not pay claims, 
transfer title to land, or distribute trust personalty until the 
request or appeal is resolved.
    (d) If no interested party files a request or appeal within the 30-
day deadlines in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, we will wait 
at least 15 additional days before paying claims, transferring title to 
land, and distributing trust personalty. At that time:
    (1) The LTRO will change the land title records for the trust and 
restricted land in accordance with the final decision or order; and
    (2) We will pay claims and distribute funds from the IIM account in 
accordance with the final decision or order.

Subpart F--Information and Records


Sec.  15.501  How may I find out the status of a probate?

    You may get information about the status of an Indian probate by 
contacting any BIA agency or regional office, an OST fiduciary trust 
officer, OHA, or the Trust Beneficiary Call Center in OST.


Sec.  15.502  Who owns the records associated with this part?

    (a) The United States owns the records associated with this part 
if:
    (1) They are evidence of the organization, functions, policies, 
decisions, procedures, operations, or other activities undertaken in 
the performance of a federal trust function under this part; and
    (2) They are either:
    (i) Made by or on behalf of the United States; or
    (ii) Made or received by a tribe or tribal organization in the 
conduct of a Federal trust function under this part, including the 
operation of a trust program under Pub. L. 93-638, as amended, and as 
codified at 25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.
    (b) The tribe owns the records associated with this part if they:
    (1) Are not covered by paragraph (a) of this section; and
    (2) Are made or received by a tribe or tribal organization in the 
conduct of business with the Department of the Interior under this 
part.


Sec.  15.503  How must records associated with this part be preserved?

    (a) Any organization that has records identified in Sec.  
15.502(a), including tribes and tribal organizations, must preserve the 
records in accordance with approved Departmental records retention 
procedures under the Federal Records Act, 44 U.S.C. chapters 29, 31, 
and 33; and
    (b) A tribe or tribal organization must preserve the records 
identified in Sec.  15.502(b) for the period authorized by the 
Archivist of the United States for similar Department of the Interior 
records under 44 U.S.C. chapter 33. If a tribe or tribal organization 
does not do so, it may be unable to adequately document essential 
transactions or furnish information necessary to protect its legal and 
financial rights or those of persons affected by its activities.


Sec.  15.504  Who may inspect records and records management practices?

    (a) You may inspect the probate file at the relevant agency before 
the file is transferred to OHA. Access to records in the probate file 
is governed by 25 U.S.C. 2216(e), the Privacy Act, and the Freedom of 
Information Act.
    (b) The Secretary and the Archivist of the United States may 
inspect records and records management practices and safeguards 
required under the Federal Records Act.


Sec.  15.505  How does the Paperwork Reduction Act affect this part?

    The collections of information contained in this part have been 
approved by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et 
seq. and assigned OMB Control Number 1076-0169. Response is required to 
obtain a benefit. A Federal agency may not conduct or sponsor, and you 
are not required to respond to a collection of information unless the 
form or regulation requesting the information has a currently valid OMB 
Control Number.

0
2. Add part 18 to subchapter C to read as follows:

PART 18--TRIBAL PROBATE CODES

Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
18.1 What is the purpose of this part?
18.2 What definitions do I need to know?
Subpart B--Approval of Tribal Probate Codes
18.101 May a tribe create and adopt its own tribal probate code?
18.102 When must a tribe submit its tribal probate code to the 
Department for approval?
18.103 Which provisions within a tribal probate code require the 
Department's approval?
18.104 May a tribe include provisions in its tribal probate code 
regarding the descent and distribution of trust personalty?

[[Page 67284]]

18.105 How does a tribe request approval for a tribal probate code?
18.106 What will the Department consider in the approval process?
18.107 When will the Department approve or disapprove a tribal 
probate code?
18.108 What happens if the Department approves the tribal probate 
code?
18.109 How will a tribe be notified of the disapproval of a tribal 
probate code?
18.110 When will a tribal probate code become effective?
18.111 What will happen if a tribe repeals its probate code?
18.112 May a tribe appeal the approval or disapproval of a probate 
code?
Subpart C--Approval of Tribal Probate Code Amendments
18.201 May a tribe amend a tribal probate code?
18.202 How does a tribe request approval for a tribal probate code 
amendment?
18.203 Which probate code amendments require approval?
18.204 When will the Department approve an amendment?
18.205 What happens if the Department approves the amendment?
18.206 How will the tribe be notified of disapproval of the 
amendment?
18.207 When do amendments to tribal probate codes become effective?
18.208 May a tribe appeal an approval or disapproval of a probate 
code amendment?
Subpart D--Approval of Single Heir Rule
18.301 May a tribe create and adopt a single heir rule without 
adopting a tribal probate code?
18.302 How does the tribe request approval for the single heir rule?
18.303 When will the Department approve or disapprove a single heir 
rule?
18.304 What happens if the Department approves a single heir rule?
18.305 How will a tribe be notified of the disapproval of a single 
heir rule?
18.306 When does the single heir rule become effective?
18.307 May a tribe appeal approval or disapproval of a single heir 
rule?
Subpart E--Information and Records
18.401 How does the Paperwork Reduction Act affect this part?

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 25 U.S.C. 2, 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 et 
seq.; 44 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.; 25 CFR part 15; 43 CFR part 4.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec.  18.1  What is the purpose of this part?

    This part establishes the Department's policies and procedures for 
reviewing and approving or disapproving tribal probate codes, 
amendments, and single heir rules that contain provisions regarding the 
descent and distribution of trust and restricted lands.


Sec.  18.2  What definitions do I need to know?

    Act means the Indian Land Consolidation Act and its amendments, 
including the American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004 (AIPRA), 
Public Law 108-374, as codified at 25 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.
    Day means a calendar day.
    Decedent means a person who is deceased.
    Department means the Department of the Interior.
    Devise means a gift of property by will. Also, to give property by 
will.
    Devisee means a person or entity that receives property under a 
will.
    Indian means, for the purposes of the Act:
    (1) Any person who is a member of a federally recognized Indian 
tribe, is eligible to become a member of any federally recognized 
Indian tribe, or is an owner (as of October 27, 2004) of a trust or 
restricted interest in land;
    (2) Any person meeting the definition of Indian under 25 U.S.C. 
479; or
    (3) With respect to the inheritance and ownership of trust or 
restricted land in the State of California under 25 U.S.C. 2206, any 
person described in paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition or any 
person who owns a trust or restricted interest in a parcel of such land 
in that State.
    Intestate means that the decedent died without a will.
    OHA means the Office of Hearings and Appeals within the Department 
of the Interior.
    Restricted lands means real property, the title to which is held by 
an Indian but which cannot be alienated or encumbered without the 
Secretary's consent. For the purpose of probate proceedings, restricted 
lands are treated as if they were trust lands. Except as the law may 
provide otherwise, the term ``restricted lands'' as used in this part 
does not include the restricted lands of the Five Civilized Tribes of 
Oklahoma or the Osage Nation.
    Testator means a person who has executed a will.
    Trust lands means real property, or an interest therein, the title 
to which is held in trust by the United States for the benefit of an 
individual Indian or tribe.
    Trust personalty means all tangible personal property, funds, and 
securities of any kind that are held in trust in an IIM account or 
otherwise supervised by the Secretary.
    We or us means the Secretary or an authorized representative of the 
Secretary.

Subpart B--Approval of Tribal Probate Codes


Sec.  18.101  May a tribe create and adopt its own tribal probate code?

    Yes. A tribe may create and adopt a tribal probate code.


Sec.  18.102  When must a tribe submit its tribal probate code to the 
Department for approval?

    The tribe must submit its probate code to the Department for 
approval if the tribal probate code contains provisions regarding the 
descent and distribution of trust and restricted lands.


Sec.  18.103  Which provisions within a tribal probate code require the 
Department's approval?

    Only those tribal probate code provisions regarding the descent and 
distribution of trust and restricted lands require the Department's 
approval.


Sec.  18.104  May a tribe include provisions in its tribal probate code 
regarding the distribution and descent of trust personalty?

    No. All trust personalty will be distributed in accordance with the 
American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004, as amended.


Sec.  18.105  How does a tribe request approval for a tribal probate 
code?

    The tribe must submit the tribal probate code and a duly executed 
tribal resolution adopting the code to the Assistant Secretary--Indian 
Affairs, Attn: Tribal Probate Code, 1849 C Street, NW., Washington, DC 
20240, for review and approval or disapproval.


Sec.  18.106  What will the Department consider in the approval 
process?

    A tribal probate code must meet the requirements of this section in 
order to receive our approval under this part.
    (a) The code must be consistent with Federal law.
    (b) The code must promote the policies of the Indian Land 
Consolidation Act (ILCA) Amendments of 2000, which are to:
    (1) Prevent further fractionation;
    (2) Consolidate fractional interests into useable parcels;
    (3) Consolidate fractional interests to enhance tribal sovereignty;
    (4) Promote tribal self-sufficiency and self-determination; and
    (5) Reverse the effects of the allotment policy on Indian tribes.
    (c) Unless the conditions in paragraph (d) of this section are met, 
the code must not prohibit the devise of an interest to:
    (1) An Indian lineal descendant of the original allottee; or
    (2) An Indian who is not a member of the Indian tribe with 
jurisdiction over the interest in the land.
    (d) If the tribal probate code prohibits the devise of an interest 
to the devisees in paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section, then the 
code must:
    (1) Allow those devisees to renounce their interests in favor of 
eligible

[[Page 67285]]

devisees as defined by the tribal probate code;
    (2) Allow a devisee who is the spouse or lineal descendant of the 
testator to reserve a life estate without regard to waste; and
    (3) Require the payment of fair market value as determined by the 
Department on the date of the decedent's death.


Sec.  18.107  When will the Department approve or disapprove a tribal 
probate code?

    (a) We have 180 days from receipt by the Assistant Secretary--
Indian Affairs of a submitted tribal probate code and duly executed 
tribal resolution adopting the tribal probate code to approve or 
disapprove a tribal probate code.
    (b) If we do not meet the deadline in paragraph (a) of this 
section, the tribal probate code will be deemed approved, but only to 
the extent that it:
    (1) Is consistent with Federal law; and
    (2) Promotes the policies of the ILCA Amendments of 2000 as listed 
in Sec.  18.106(b).


Sec.  18.108  What happens if the Department approves the tribal 
probate code?

    Our approval applies only to those sections of the tribal probate 
code that govern the descent and distribution of trust or restricted 
land. We will notify the tribe of the approval and forward a copy of 
the tribal probate code to OHA.


Sec.  18.109  How will a tribe be notified of the disapproval of a 
tribal probate code?

    If we disapprove a tribal probate code, we must provide the tribe 
with a written notification of the disapproval that includes an 
explanation of the reasons for the disapproval.


Sec.  18.110  When will a tribal probate code become effective?

    (a) A tribal probate code may not become effective sooner than 180 
days after the date of approval by the Department.
    (b) If a tribal probate code is deemed approved through inaction by 
the Department, then the code will become effective 180 days after it 
is deemed approved.
    (c) The tribal probate code will apply only to the estate of a 
decedent who dies on or after the effective date of the tribal probate 
code.


Sec.  18.111  What will happen if a tribe repeals its probate code?

    If a tribe repeals its tribal probate code:
    (a) The repeal will not become effective sooner than 180 days from 
the date we receive notification from the tribe of its decision to 
repeal the code; and
    (b) We will forward a copy of the repeal to OHA.


Sec.  18.112  May a tribe appeal the approval or disapproval of a 
probate code?

    No. There is no right of appeal within the Department from a 
decision to approve or disapprove a tribal probate code.

Subpart C--Approval of Tribal Probate Code Amendments


Sec.  18.201  May a tribe amend a tribal probate code?

    Yes. A tribe may amend a tribal probate code.


Sec.  18.202  How does a tribe request approval for a tribal probate 
code amendment?

    To amend a tribal probate code, the tribe must follow the same 
procedures as for submitting a tribal probate code to the Department 
for approval.


Sec.  18.203  Which probate code amendments require approval?

    Only those tribal probate code amendments regarding the descent and 
distribution of trust and restricted lands require the Department's 
approval.


Sec.  18.204  When will the Department approve an amendment?

    (a) We have 60 days from receipt by the Assistant Secretary of a 
submitted amendment to approve or disapprove the amendment.
    (b) If we do not meet the deadline in paragraphs (a) of this 
section, the amendment will be deemed approved, but only to the extent 
that it:
    (1) Is consistent with Federal law; and
    (2) Promotes the policies of the ILCA Amendments of 2000 as listed 
in Sec.  18.106(b).


Sec.  18.205  What happens if the Department approves the amendment?

    Our approval applies only to those sections of the amendment that 
contain provisions regarding the descent and distribution of trust or 
restricted land. We will notify the tribe of the approval and forward a 
copy of the amendment to OHA.


Sec.  18.206  How will a tribe be notified of the disapproval of an 
amendment?

    If we disapprove an amendment, we must provide the tribe with a 
written notification of the disapproval that includes an explanation of 
the reasons for the disapproval.


Sec.  18.207  When do amendments to a tribal probate code become 
effective?

    (a) An amendment may not become effective sooner than 180 days 
after the date of approval by the Department.
    (b) If an amendment is deemed approved through inaction by the 
Department, then the amendment will become effective 180 days after it 
is deemed approved.
    (c) The amendment will apply only to the estate of a decedent who 
dies on or after the effective date of the amendment.


Sec.  18.208  May a tribe appeal an approval or disapproval of a 
probate code amendment?

    No. There is no right of appeal within the Department from a 
decision to approve or disapprove a tribal probate code amendment.

Subpart D--Approval of Single Heir Rule


Sec.  18.301  May a tribe create and adopt a single heir rule without 
adopting a tribal probate code?

    Yes. A tribe may create and adopt a single heir rule for intestate 
succession. The single heir rule may specify a single recipient other 
than the one specified in 25 U.S.C. 2206(a)(2)(D).


Sec.  18.302  How does the tribe request approval for the single heir 
rule?

    The tribe must follow the same procedures as for submitting a 
tribal probate code to the Department for approval.


Sec.  18.303  When will the Department approve or disapprove a single 
heir rule?

    We have 90 days from receipt by the Assistant Secretary of a single 
heir rule submitted separate from a tribal probate code to approve or 
disapprove a single heir rule.


Sec.  18.304  What happens if the Department approves the single heir 
rule?

    If we approve the single heir rule, we will notify the tribe of the 
approval and forward a copy of the single heir rule to OHA.


Sec.  18.305  How will a tribe be notified of the disapproval of a 
single heir rule?

    If we disapprove a single heir rule, we must provide the tribe with 
a written notification of the disapproval that includes an explanation 
of the reasons for the disapproval.


Sec.  18.306  When does the single heir rule become effective?

    (a) A single heir rule may not become effective sooner than 180 
days after the date of approval by the Department.
    (b) If a single heir rule is deemed approved through inaction by 
the Department, then the single heir rule will become effective 180 
days after it is deemed approved.
    (c) The single heir rule will apply only to the estate of a 
decedent who dies

[[Page 67286]]

on or after the effective date of the single heir rule.


Sec.  18.307  May a tribe appeal approval or disapproval of a single 
heir rule?

    No. There is no right of appeal within the Department from a 
decision to approve or disapprove a single heir rule.

Subpart E--Information and Records


Sec.  18.401  How does the Paperwork Reduction Act affect this part?

    The collection of information contained in this part has been 
approved by the Office of Management and Budget under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., and assigned OMB Control Number 
1076-0168. Response is required to obtain a benefit. A Federal agency 
may not conduct or sponsor, and members of the public are not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless the form or 
regulation requesting the information displays a currently valid OMB 
Control Number.

0
3. Revise part 179 to read as follows:

PART 179--LIFE ESTATES AND FUTURE INTERESTS

Subpart A--General
Sec.
179.1 What is the purpose of this part?
179.2 What definitions do I need to know?
179.3 What law applies to life estates?
179.4 When does a life estate terminate?
179.5 What documents will the BIA use to record termination of a 
life estate?
Subpart B--Life Estates Not Created Under AIPRA
179.101 How does the Secretary distribute principal and income to 
the holder of a life estate?
179.102 How does the Secretary calculate the value of a remainder 
and a life estate?
Subpart C--Life Estates Created Under AIPRA
179.201 How does the Secretary distribute principal and income to 
the holder of a life estate without regard to waste?
179.202 Can the holder of a life tenancy without regard to waste 
deplete the resources?

    Authority: 86 Stat. 530; 86 Stat. 744; 94 Stat. 537; 96 Stat. 
2515; 25 U.S.C. 2, 9, 372, 373, 487, 607, and 2201 et seq.

Subpart A--General


Sec.  179.1  What is the purpose of this part?

    This part contains the authorities, policies, and procedures 
governing the administration of life estates and future interests in 
trust and restricted property by the Secretary of Interior. This part 
does not apply to any use rights assigned to tribal members by tribes 
in the exercise of their jurisdiction over tribal lands.
    (a) Subpart A contains general provisions.
    (b) Subpart B describes life estates not created under the American 
Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004 (AIPRA), as described in Sec.  
179.3(b).
    (c) Subpart C describes life estates created under AIPRA, as 
described in Sec.  179.3(a).


Sec.  179.2  What definitions do I need to know?

    Agency means the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agency office, or 
any other designated office in BIA, having jurisdiction over trust or 
restricted property. This term also means any office of a tribe that 
has entered into a contract or compact to fulfill applicable BIA 
functions.
    AIPRA means the American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004, Pub. L. 
108-374, as codified at 25 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.
    BIA means the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department of 
Interior.
    Contract bonus means cash consideration paid or agreed to be paid 
as incentive for execution of a contract.
    Income means the rents and profits of real property and the 
interest on invested principal.
    Life estate means an interest in property held for only the 
duration of a designated person's life. A life estate may be created by 
a conveyance document or by operation of law.
    Life estate without regard to waste means that the holder of the 
life estate interest in land is entitled to the receipt of all income, 
including bonuses and royalties, from such land to the exclusion of the 
remaindermen.
    Principal means the corpus and capital of an estate, including any 
payment received for the sale or diminishment of the corpus, as opposed 
to the income.
    Rents and profits means the income or profit arising from the 
ownership or possession of property.
    Restricted property means real property, the title to which is held 
by an Indian but which cannot be alienated or encumbered without the 
Secretary's consent. For the purpose of probate proceedings, restricted 
property is treated as if it were trust property.
    Except as the law may provide otherwise, the term ``restricted 
property'' as used in this part does not include the restricted lands 
of the Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma or the Osage Nation.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or authorized 
representative.
    Trust property means real property, or an interest therein, the 
title to which is held in trust by the United States for the benefit of 
an individual Indian or tribe.


Sec.  179.3  What law applies to life estates?

    (a) AIPRA applies to life estates created by operation of law under 
AIPRA for an individual who died on or after June 20, 2006, owning 
trust or restricted property.
    (b) In the absence of Federal law or federally approved tribal law 
to the contrary, State law applies to all other life estates.


Sec.  179.4  When does a life estate terminate?

    A life estate terminates upon relinquishment or upon the death of 
the measuring life.


Sec.  179.5  What documents will BIA use to record termination of a 
life estate?

    The Agency will file a copy of the relinquishment of the interest 
or death certificate with the BIA Land Title and Records Office for 
recording upon receipt of one of the following:
    (a) The life estate holder's relinquishment of an interest in trust 
or restricted property; or
    (b) Notice of death of a person who is the measuring life for the 
life estate in trust or restricted property.

Subpart B--Life Estates Not Created Under AIPRA


Sec.  179.101  How does the Secretary distribute principal and income 
to the holder of a life estate?

    (a) This section applies to the following cases:
    (1) Where the document creating the life estate does not specify a 
distribution of proceeds;
    (2) Where the vested holders of remainder interests and the life 
tenant have not entered into a written agreement approved by the 
Secretary providing for the distribution of proceeds; or
    (3) Where, by the document or agreement or by the application of 
State law, the open mine doctrine does not apply.
    (b) In all cases listed in paragraph (a) of this section, the 
Secretary must do the following:
    (1) Distribute all rents and profits, as income, to the life 
tenant;
    (2) Distribute any contract bonus one-half each to the life tenant 
and the remainderman;
    (3) In the case of mineral contracts:
    (i) Invest the principal, with interest income to be paid to the 
life tenant during the life estate, except in those instances where the 
administrative cost of investment is disproportionately

[[Page 67287]]

high, in which case paragraph (b)(4) of this section applies; and
    (ii) Distribute the principal to the remainderman upon termination 
of the life estate; and
    (4) In all other instances:
    (i) Distribute the principal immediately according to Sec.  
179.102; and
    (ii) Invest all proceeds attributable to any contingent 
remainderman in an account, with disbursement to take place upon 
determination of the contingent remainderman.


Sec.  179.102  How does the Secretary calculate the value of a 
remainder and a life estate?

    (a) If income is subject to division, the Secretary will use 
Actuarial Table S, Valuation of Annuities, found at 26 CFR 20.2031, to 
determine the value of the interests of the holders of remainder 
interests and the life tenant.
    (b) Actuarial Table S, Valuation of Annuities, specifies the share 
attributable to the life estate and remainder interests, given the age 
of the life tenant and an established rate of return published by the 
Secretary in the Federal Register. We may periodically review and 
revise the percent rate of return to be used to determine the share 
attributable to the interests of the life tenant and the holders of 
remainder interests. The life tenant will receive the balance of the 
distribution after the shares of the holders of remainder interests 
have been calculated.

Subpart C--Life Estates Created Under AIPRA


Sec.  179.201  How does the Secretary distribute principal and income 
to the holder of a life estate without regard to waste?

    The Secretary must distribute all income, including bonuses and 
royalties, to the life estate holder to the exclusion of any holders of 
remainder interests.


Sec.  179.202  May the holder of a life estate without regard to waste 
deplete the resources?

    Yes. The holder of a life estate without regard to waste may cause 
lawful depletion or benefit from the lawful depletion of the resources. 
However, a holder of a life estate without regard to waste may not 
cause or allow damage to the trust property through culpable negligence 
or an affirmative act of malicious destruction that causes damage to 
the prejudice of the holders of remainder interests.

TITLE 43--PUBLIC LANDS: INTERIOR

PART 4--DEPARTMENT HEARINGS AND APPEALS PROCEDURES

0
4. Revise the authority citation for part 4 to read as follows:

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 503-504; 25 U.S.C. 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 
et seq.; 43 U.S.C. 1201, 1457; Pub. L. 99-264, 100 Stat. 61, as 
amended.


0
5. Revise the cross reference for part 4, subpart D, to read as 
follows:
    Cross reference: For regulations pertaining to the processing of 
Indian probate matters within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, see 25 CFR 
part 15. For regulations pertaining to the probate of Indian trust 
estates within the Probate Hearings Division, Office of Hearings and 
Appeals, see 43 CFR part 30. For regulations pertaining to the 
authority, jurisdiction, and membership of the Board of Indian Appeals, 
Office of Hearings and Appeals, see subpart A of this part. For 
regulations generally applicable to proceedings before the Hearings 
Divisions and Appeal Boards of the Office of Hearings and Appeals, see 
subpart B of this part.

0
6. In subpart D, remove undesignated center heading, ``Determination of 
Heirs and Approval of Wills, Except as to Members of the Five Civilized 
Tribes and Osage Indians; Tribal Purchases of Interests Under Special 
Statutes.''

0
7. Revise Sec. Sec.  4.200 and 4.201 to read as follows:


Sec.  4.200  How to use this subpart.

    (a) The following table is a guide to the relevant contents of this 
subpart by subject matter.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        For provisions relating to . . .                                   Consult . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Appeals to the Board of Indian Appeals        Sec.  Sec.   4.310 through 4.318.
 generally.
(2) Appeals to the Board of Indian Appeals from   Sec.  Sec.   4.201 and 4.320 through 4.326.
 decisions of the Probate Hearings Division in
 Indian probate matters.
(3) Appeals to the Board of Indian Appeals from   Sec.  Sec.   4.201 and 4.330 through 4.340.
 actions or decisions of BIA.
(4) Review by the Board of Indian Appeals of      Sec.  Sec.   4.201 and 4.330 through 4.340.
 other matters referred to it by the Secretary,
 Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs, or Director-
 Office of Hearings and Appeals.
(5) Determinations under the White Earth          Sec.  Sec.   4.350 through 4.357.
 Reservation Land Settlement Act of 1985.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Except as limited by the provisions of this part, the 
regulations in subparts A and B of this part apply to these 
proceedings.


Sec.  4.201  Definitions.

    Administrative law judge (ALJ) means an administrative law judge 
with OHA appointed under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 
3105.
    Agency means:
    (1) The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agency office, or any other 
designated office in BIA, having jurisdiction over trust or restricted 
land and trust personalty; and
    (2) Any office of a tribe that has entered into a contract or 
compact to fulfill the probate function under 25 U.S.C. 450f or 458cc.
    BIA means the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department of the 
Interior.
    Board means the Interior Board of Indian Appeals within OHA.
    Day means a calendar day.
    Decedent means a person who is deceased.
    Decision or order (or decision and order) means:
    (1) A written document issued by a judge making determinations as 
to heirs, wills, devisees, and the claims of creditors, and ordering 
distribution of trust or restricted land or trust personalty;
    (2) The decision issued by an attorney decision maker in a summary 
probate proceeding; or
    (3) A decision issued by a judge finding that the evidence is 
insufficient to determine that a person is deceased by reason of 
unexplained absence.
    Devise means a gift of property by will. Also, to give property by 
will.
    Devisee means a person or entity that receives property under a 
will.
    Estate means the trust or restricted land and trust personalty 
owned by the decedent at the time of death.
    Formal probate proceeding means a proceeding, conducted by a judge, 
in which evidence is obtained through the testimony of witnesses and 
the receipt of relevant documents.
    Heir means any individual or entity eligible to receive property 
from a decedent in an intestate proceeding.
    Individual Indian Money (IIM) account means an interest-bearing 
account for trust funds held by the Secretary that belong to a person 
who

[[Page 67288]]

has an interest in trust assets. These accounts are under the control 
and management of the Secretary.
    Indian probate judge (IPJ) means an attorney with OHA, other than 
an ALJ, to whom the Secretary has delegated the authority to hear and 
decide Indian probate cases.
    Interested party means any of the following:
    (1) Any potential or actual heir;
    (2) Any devisee under a will;
    (3) Any person or entity asserting a claim against a decedent's 
estate;
    (4) Any tribe having a statutory option to purchase the trust or 
restricted property interest of a decedent; or
    (5) Any co-owner exercising a purchase option.
    Intestate means that the decedent died without a valid will as 
determined in the probate proceeding.
    Judge, except as used in the term ``administrative judge,'' means 
an ALJ or IPJ.
    LTRO means the Land Titles and Records Office within BIA.
    Probate means the legal process by which applicable tribal, 
Federal, or State law that affects the distribution of a decedent's 
estate is applied in order to:
    (1) Determine the heirs;
    (2) Determine the validity of wills and determine devisees;
    (3) Determine whether claims against the estate will be paid from 
trust personalty; and
    (4) Order the transfer of any trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty to the heirs, devisees, or other persons or entities 
entitled by law to receive them.
    Restricted property means real property, the title to which is held 
by an Indian but which cannot be alienated or encumbered without the 
Secretary's consent. For the purposes of probate proceedings, 
restricted property is treated as if it were trust property. Except as 
the law may provide otherwise, the term ``restricted property'' as used 
in this part does not include the restricted lands of the Five 
Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma or the Osage Nation.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or an authorized 
representative.
    Trust personalty means all tangible personal property, funds, and 
securities of any kind that are held in trust in an IIM account or 
otherwise supervised by the Secretary.
    Trust property means real or personal property, or an interest 
therein, the title to which is held in trust by the United States for 
the benefit of an individual Indian or tribe.
    Will means a written testamentary document that was executed by the 
decedent and attested to by two disinterested adult witnesses, and that 
states who will receive the decedent's trust or restricted property.

0
8. Remove and reserve Sec. Sec.  4.202 through 4.308, along with their 
undesignated center headings.

0
9. Revise Sec.  4.320 to read as follows:


Sec.  4.320  Who may appeal a judge's decision or order?

    Any interested party has a right to appeal to the Board if he or 
she is adversely affected by a decision or order of a judge under part 
30 of this subtitle:
    (a) On a petition for rehearing;
    (b) On a petition for reopening;
    (c) Regarding purchase of interests in a deceased Indian's trust 
estate; or
    (d) Regarding modification of the inventory of a trust estate.

0
10. Redesignate Sec. Sec.  4.321 through 4.323 as Sec. Sec.  4.324 
through 4.326 and add new Sec. Sec.  4.321 through 4.323 to read as 
follows:


Sec.  4.321  How do I appeal a judge's decision or order?

    (a) A person wishing to appeal a decision or order within the scope 
of Sec.  4.320 must file a written notice of appeal within 30 days 
after we have mailed the judge's decision or order and accurate appeal 
instructions. We will dismiss any appeal not filed by this deadline.
    (b) The notice of appeal must be signed by the appellant, the 
appellant's attorney, or other qualified representative as provided in 
Sec.  1.3 of this subtitle, and must be filed with the Board of Indian 
Appeals, Office of Hearings and Appeals, U.S. Department of the 
Interior, 801 North Quincy Street, Arlington, Virginia 22203.


Sec.  4.322  What must an appeal contain?

    (a) Each appeal must contain a written statement of the errors of 
fact and law upon which the appeal is based. This statement may be 
included in either the notice of appeal filed under Sec.  4.321(a) or 
an opening brief filed under Sec.  4.311(a).
    (b) The notice of appeal must include the names and addresses of 
the parties served.


Sec.  4.323  Who receives service of the notice of appeal?

    (a) The appellant must deliver or mail the original notice of 
appeal to the Board.
    (b) A copy of the notice of appeal must be served on the judge 
whose decision is being appealed, as well as on every other interested 
party.
    (c) The notice of appeal filed with the Board must include a 
certification that service was made as required by this section.

0
11. Revise redesignated Sec. Sec.  4.234 through 4.236 to read as 
follows:


Sec.  4.324  How is the record on appeal prepared?

    (a) On receiving a copy of the notice of appeal, the judge whose 
decision is being appealed must notify the agency concerned, which must 
return the duplicate record filed under subpart J of part 30 of this 
subtitle to the designated LTRO.
    (b) The LTRO must conform the duplicate record to the original. 
Thereafter, the duplicate record will be available for inspection 
either at the LTRO or at the agency.
    (c) If a transcript of the hearing was not prepared, the judge must 
have a transcript prepared and forwarded to the LTRO within 30 days 
after receiving a copy of the notice of appeal. The LTRO must include 
the original of the transcript in the record and make a copy of the 
transcript for the duplicate record.
    (d) Within 30 days of the receipt of the transcript, the LTRO must 
prepare a table of contents for the record, certify that the record is 
complete, and forward the certified original record on appeal, together 
with the table of contents, to the Board by certified mail.
    (e) Any party may file an objection to the record. The party must 
file his or her objection with the Board within 15 days after receiving 
the notice of docketing under Sec.  4.325.
    (f) For any of the following appeals, the judge must prepare an 
administrative record for the decision and a table of contents for the 
record and must forward them to the Board:
    (1) An interlocutory appeal under Sec.  4.28;
    (2) An appeal from a decision under Sec. Sec.  30.126 or 30.127 
regarding modification of an inventory of an estate; or
    (3) An appeal from a decision under Sec.  30.124 determining that a 
person for whom a probate proceeding is sought to be opened is not 
deceased.


Sec.  4.325  How will the appeal be docketed?

    The Board will docket the appeal on receiving the probate record 
from the LTRO or the administrative record from the judge, and will 
provide a notice of the docketing and the table of contents for the 
record to all interested parties as shown by the record on appeal. The 
docketing notice will specify the deadline for filing briefs and will 
cite the procedural regulations governing the appeal.

[[Page 67289]]

Sec.  4.326  What happens to the record after disposition?

    (a) After the Board makes a decision other than a remand, it must 
forward to the designated LTRO:
    (1) The record filed with the Board under Sec.  4.324(d) or (f); 
and
    (2) All documents added during the appeal proceedings, including 
any transcripts and the Board's decision.
    (b) The LTRO must conform the duplicate record retained under Sec.  
4.324(b) to the original sent under paragraph (a) of this section and 
forward the duplicate record to the agency concerned.

0
12. Add a new part 30 to read as follows:

PART 30--INDIAN PROBATE HEARINGS PROCEDURES

Subpart A--Scope of Part; Definitions
Sec.
30.100 How do I use this part?
30.101 What definitions do I need to know?
30.102 Will the Secretary probate all the land or assets in an 
estate?
Subpart B--Commencement of Probate Proceedings
30.110 When does OHA commence a probate case?
30.111 How does OHA commence a probate case?
30.112 What must a complete probate file contain?
30.113 What will OHA do if it receives an incomplete probate file?
30.114 Will I receive notice of the probate proceeding?
30.115 May I review the probate record?
Subpart C--Judicial Authority and Duties
30.120 What authority does the judge have in probate cases?
30.121 May a judge appoint a master in a probate case?
30.122 Is the judge required to accept the master's recommended 
decision?
30.123 Will the judge determine matters of status and nationality?
30.124 When may a judge make a finding of death?
30.125 May a judge reopen a probate case to correct errors and 
omissions?
30.126 What happens if property was omitted from the inventory of 
the estate?
30.127 What happens if property was improperly included in the 
inventory?
30.128 What happens if an error in BIA's estate inventory is 
alleged?
Subpart D--Recusal of a Judge or ADM
30.130 How does a judge or ADM recuse himself or herself from a 
probate case?
30.131 How will the case proceed after the judge's or ADM's recusal?
30.132 May I appeal the judge's or ADM's recusal decision?
Subpart E--Claims
30.140 Where and when may I file a claim against the probate estate?
30.141 How must I file a claim against a probate estate?
30.142 Will a judge authorize payment of a claim from the trust 
estate if the decedent's non-trust estate was or is available?
30.143 Are there any categories of claims that will not be allowed?
30.144 May the judge authorize payment of the costs of administering 
the estate?
30.145 When can a judge reduce or disallow a claim?
30.146 What property is subject to claims?
30.147 What happens if there is not enough trust personalty to pay 
all the claims?
30.148 Will interest or penalties charged after the date of death be 
paid?
Subpart F--Consolidation and Settlement Agreements
30.150 What action will the judge take if the interested parties 
agree to settle matters among themselves?
30.151 May the devisees or eligible heirs in a probate proceeding 
consolidate their interests?
30.152 May the parties to an agreement waive valuation of trust 
property?
30.153 Is an order approving an agreement considered a partition or 
sale transaction?
Subpart G--Purchase at Probate
30.160 What may be purchased at probate?
30.161 Who may purchase at probate?
30.162 Does property purchased at probate remain in trust or 
restricted status?
30.163 Is consent required for a purchase at probate?
30.164 What must I do to purchase at probate?
30.165 Whom will OHA notify of a request to purchase at probate?
30.166 What will the notice of the request to purchase at probate 
include?
30.167 How does OHA decide whether to approve a purchase at probate?
30.168 How will the judge allocate the proceeds from a sale?
30.169 What may I do if I do not agree with the appraised market 
value?
30.170 What may I do if I disagree with the judge's determination to 
approve a purchase at probate?
30.171 What happens when the judge grants a request to purchase at 
probate?
30.172 When must the successful bidder pay for the interest 
purchased?
30.173 What happens after the successful bidder submits payment?
30.174 What happens if the successful bidder does not pay within 30 
days?
30.175 When does a purchased interest vest in the purchaser?
Subpart H--Renunciation of Interest
30.180 May I give up an inherited interest in trust or restricted 
property or trust personalty?
30.181 How do I renounce an inherited interest?
30.182 Who may receive a renounced interest in trust or restricted 
land?
30.183 Who may receive a renounced interest of less than 5 percent 
in trust or restricted land?
30.184 Who may receive a renounced interest in trust personalty?
30.185 May my designated recipient refuse to accept the interest?
30.186 Are renunciations that predate the American Indian Probate 
Reform Act of 2004 valid?
30.187 May I revoke my renunciation?
30.188 Does a renounced interest vest in the person who renounced 
it?
Subpart I--Summary Probate Proceedings
30.200 What is a summary probate proceeding?
30.201 What does a notice of a summary probate proceeding contain?
30.202 May I file a claim or renounce or disclaim an interest in the 
estate in a summary probate proceeding?
30.203 May I request that a formal probate proceeding be conducted 
instead of a summary probate proceeding?
30.204 What must a summary probate decision contain?
30.205 How do I seek review of a summary probate proceeding?
30.206 What happens after I file a request for de novo review?
30.207 What happens if nobody files for de novo review?
Subpart J--Formal Probate Proceedings

Notice

30.210 How will I receive notice of the formal probate proceeding?
30.211 Will the notice be published in a newspaper?
30.212 May I waive notice of the hearing or the form of notice?
30.213 What notice to a tribe is required in a formal probate 
proceeding?
30.214 What must a notice of hearing contain?

Depositions, Discovery, and Prehearing Conference

30.215 How may I obtain documents related to the probate proceeding?
30.216 How do I obtain permission to take depositions?
30.217 How is a deposition taken?
30.218 How may the transcript of a deposition be used?
30.219 Who pays for the costs of taking a deposition?
30.220 How do I obtain written interrogatories and admission of 
facts and documents?
30.221 May the judge limit the time, place, and scope of discovery?
30.222 What happens if a party fails to comply with discovery?
30.223 What is a prehearing conference?

Hearings

30.224 May a judge compel a witness to appear and testify at a 
hearing or deposition?
30.225 Must testimony in a probate proceeding be under oath or 
affirmation?
30.226 Is a record made of formal probate hearings?
30.227 What evidence is admissible at a probate hearing?
30.228 Is testimony required for self-proved wills, codicils, or 
revocations?

[[Page 67290]]

30.229 When will testimony be required for approval of a will, 
codicil, or revocation?
30.230 Who pays witnesses' costs?
30.231 May a judge schedule a supplemental hearing?
30.232 What will the official record of the probate case contain?
30.233 What will the judge do with the original record?
30.234 What happens if a hearing transcript has not been prepared?

Decisions in Formal Proceedings

30.235 What will the judge's decision in a formal probate proceeding 
contain?
30.236 What notice of the decision will the judge provide?
30.237 May I file a petition for rehearing if I disagree with the 
judge's decision in the formal probate hearing?
30.238 Does any distribution of the estate occur while a petition 
for rehearing is pending?
30.239 How will the judge decide a petition for rehearing?
30.240 May I submit another petition for rehearing?
30.241 When does the judge's decision on a petition for rehearing 
become final?
30.242 May a closed probate case be reopened?
30.243 How will the judge decide my petition for reopening?
30.244 What happens if the judge reopens the case?
30.245 When will the decision on reopening become final?
Subpart K--Miscellaneous Provisions
30.250 When does the anti-lapse provision apply?
30.251 What happens if an heir or devisee participates in the 
killing of the decedent?
30.252 May a judge allow fees for attorneys representing interested 
parties?
30.253 How must minors or other legal incompetents be represented?
30.254 What happens when a person dies without a valid will and has 
no heirs?
Subpart L--Tribal Purchase of Interests Under Special Statutes
30.260 What land is subject to a tribal purchase option at probate?
30.261 How does a tribe exercise its statutory option to purchase?
30.262 When may a tribe exercise its statutory option to purchase?
30.263 May a surviving spouse reserve a life estate when a tribe 
exercises its statutory option to purchase?
30.264 When must BIA furnish a valuation of a decedent's interests?
30.265 What determinations will a judge make with respect to a 
tribal purchase option?
30.266 When is a final decision issued?
30.267 What if I disagree with the probate decision regarding tribal 
purchase option?
30.268 May I demand a hearing regarding the tribal purchase option 
decision?
30.269 What notice of the hearing will the judge provide?
30.270 How will the hearing be conducted?
30.271 How must the tribe pay for the interests it purchases?
30.272 What are BIA's duties on payment by the tribe?
30.273 What action will the judge take to record title?
30.274 What happens to income from land interests during pendency of 
the probate?

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 503; 25 U.S.C. 9, 372-74, 410, 2201 et 
seq.; 43 U.S.C. 1201, 1457.

    Cross reference: For regulations pertaining to the processing of 
Indian probate matters within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, see 25 CFR 
part 15. For regulations pertaining to the appeal of decisions of the 
Probate Hearings Division, Office of Hearings and Appeals, to the Board 
of Indian Appeals, Office of Hearings and Appeals, see 43 CFR part 4, 
subpart D. For regulations generally applicable to proceedings before 
the Hearings Divisions and Appeal Boards of the Office of Hearings and 
Appeals, see 43 CFR part 4, subpart B.

Subpart A--Scope of Part; Definitions


Sec.  30.100  How do I use this part?

    (a) The following table is a guide to the relevant contents of this 
part by subject matter.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
    For provisions relating to . . .              consult . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) All proceedings in part 30.........  Sec.  Sec.   30.100 through
                                          30.102.
(2) Claims against probate estate......  Sec.  Sec.   30.140 through
                                          30.148.
(3) Commencement of probate............  Sec.  Sec.   30.110 through
                                          30.115.
(4) Consolidation of interests.........  Sec.  Sec.   30.150 through
                                          30.153.
(5) Formal probate proceedings before    Sec.  Sec.   30.210 through
 an administrative law judge or Indian    30.246.
 probate judge.
(6) Probate of trust estates of Indians  All sections except Sec.  Sec.
 who die possessed of trust property.      30.260 through 30.274.
(7) Purchases at probate...............  Sec.  Sec.   30.160 through
                                          30.175.
(8) Renunciation of interests..........  Sec.  Sec.   30.180 through
                                          30.188.
(9) Summary probate proceedings before   Sec.  Sec.   30.200 through
 an attorney decision maker.              30.207.
(10) Tribal purchase of certain          Sec.  Sec.   30.260 through
 property interests of decedents under    30.274.
 special laws applicable to particular
 tribes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Except as limited by the provisions of this part, the 
regulations in part 4, subparts A and B of this subtitle apply to these 
proceedings.
    (c) The following provisions do not apply to Alaska property 
interests:
    (1) Sec.  30.151;
    (2) Sec. Sec.  30.160 through 30.175;
    (3) Sec.  30.182 through 30.185, except for Sec.  30.184(c);
    (4) Sec.  30.213; and
    (5) Sec.  30.214(f) and (g).


Sec.  30.101  What definitions do I need to know?

    Act means the Indian Land Consolidation Act and its amendments, 
including the American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004 (AIPRA), 
Public Law 108-374, as codified at 25 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.
    Administrative law judge (ALJ) means an administrative law judge 
with OHA appointed under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 
3105.
    Affidavit means a written declaration of facts by a person that is 
signed by that person, swearing or affirming under penalty of perjury 
that the facts declared are true and correct to the best of that 
person's knowledge and belief.
    Agency means:
    (1) The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agency office, or any other 
designated office in BIA, having jurisdiction over trust or restricted 
land and trust personalty; and
    (2) Any office of a tribe that has entered into a contract or 
compact to fulfill the probate function under 25 U.S.C. 450f or 458cc.
    Attorney decision maker (ADM) means an attorney with OHA who 
conducts a summary proceeding and renders a decision that is subject to 
de novo review by an administrative law judge or Indian probate judge.
    BIA means the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department.
    BLM means the Bureau of Land Management within the Department.
    Board means the Interior Board of Indian Appeals within OHA.

[[Page 67291]]

    Chief ALJ means the Chief Administrative Law Judge, Probate 
Hearings Division, OHA.
    Child means a natural or adopted child.
    Codicil means a supplement or addition to a will, executed with the 
same formalities as a will. It may explain, modify, add to, or revoke 
provisions in an existing will.
    Consolidation agreement means a written agreement under the 
provisions of 25 U.S.C. 2206(e) or 2206(j)(9), entered during the 
probate process, approved by the judge, and implemented by the probate 
order, by which a decedent's heirs and devisees consolidate interests 
in trust or restricted land.
    Creditor means any individual or entity that has a claim for 
payment from a decedent's estate.
    Day means a calendar day.
    Decedent means a person who is deceased.
    Decision or order (or decision and order) means:
    (1) A written document issued by a judge making determinations as 
to heirs, wills, devisees, and the claims of creditors, and ordering 
distribution of trust or restricted land or trust personalty;
    (2) The decision issued by an ADM in a summary probate proceeding; 
or
    (3) A decision issued by a judge finding that the evidence is 
insufficient to determine that a person is deceased by reason of 
unexplained absence.
    De novo review means a process in which an administrative law judge 
or Indian probate judge, without regard to the decision previously 
issued in the case, will:
    (1) Review all the relevant facts and issues in a probate case;
    (2) Reconsider the evidence introduced at a previous hearing;
    (3) Conduct a formal hearing as necessary or appropriate; and
    (4) Issue a decision.
    Department means the Department of the Interior.
    Deposition means a proceeding in which a party takes testimony from 
a witness during discovery.
    Devise means a gift of property by will. Also, to give property by 
will.
    Devisee means a person or entity that receives property under a 
will.
    Discovery means a process through which a party to a probate 
proceeding obtains information from another party. Examples of 
discovery include interrogatories, depositions, requests for admission, 
and requests for production of documents.
    Eligible heir means, for the purposes of the Act, any of a 
decedent's children, grandchildren, great grandchildren, full siblings, 
half siblings by blood, and parents who are:
    (1) Indian;
    (2) Lineal descendents within two degrees of consanguinity of an 
Indian; or
    (3) Owners of a trust or restricted interest in a parcel of land 
for purposes of inheriting--by descent, renunciation, or consolidation 
agreement--another trust or restricted interest in such a parcel from 
the decedent.
    Estate means the trust or restricted land and trust personalty 
owned by the decedent at the time of death.
    Formal probate proceeding means a proceeding, conducted by a judge, 
in which evidence is obtained through the testimony of witnesses and 
the receipt of relevant documents.
    Heir means any individual or entity eligible to receive property 
from a decedent in an intestate proceeding.
    Individual Indian Money (IIM) account means an interest bearing 
account for trust funds held by the Secretary that belong to a person 
who has an interest in trust assets. These accounts are under the 
control and management of the Secretary.
    Indian means, for the purposes of the Act:
    (1) Any person who is a member of a federally recognized Indian 
tribe, is eligible to become a member of any federally recognized 
Indian tribe, or is an owner (as of October 27, 2004) of a trust or 
restricted interest in land;
    (2) Any person meeting the definition of Indian under 25 U.S.C. 
479; or
    (3) With respect to the inheritance and ownership of trust or 
restricted land in the State of California under 25 U.S.C. 2206, any 
person described in paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition or any 
person who owns a trust or restricted interest in a parcel of such land 
in that State.
    Indian probate judge (IPJ) means an attorney with OHA, other than 
an ALJ, to whom the Secretary has delegated the authority to hear and 
decide Indian probate cases.
    Interested party means:
    (1) Any potential or actual heir;
    (2) Any devisee under a will;
    (3) Any person or entity asserting a claim against a decedent's 
estate;
    (4) Any tribe having a statutory option to purchase the trust or 
restricted property interest of a decedent; or
    (5) Any co-owner exercising a purchase option.
    Interrogatories means written questions submitted to another party 
for responses as part of discovery.
    Intestate means that the decedent died without a valid will as 
determined in the probate proceeding.
    Judge means an ALJ or IPJ.
    Lockbox means a centralized system within OST for receiving and 
depositing trust fund remittances collected by BIA.
    LTRO means the Land Titles and Records Office within BIA.
    Master means a person who has been specially appointed by a judge 
to assist with the probate proceedings.
    Minor means an individual who has not reached the age of majority 
as defined by the applicable law.
    OHA means the Office of Hearings and Appeals within the Department.
    OST means the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians 
within the Department.
    Per stirpes means by right of representation, dividing an estate 
into equal shares based on the number of decedent's surviving children 
and predeceased children who left issue who survive the decedent. The 
share of a predeceased child of the decedent is divided equally among 
the predeceased child's surviving children.
    Probate means the legal process by which applicable tribal, 
Federal, or State law that affects the distribution of a decedent's 
estate is applied in order to:
    (1) Determine the heirs;
    (2) Determine the validity of wills and determine devisees;
    (3) Determine whether claims against the estate will be paid from 
trust personalty; and
    (4) Order the transfer of any trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty to the heirs, devisees, or other persons or entities 
entitled by law to receive them.
    Purchase option at probate means the process by which eligible 
purchasers can purchase a decedent's interest during the probate 
proceeding.
    Restricted property means real property whose title is held by an 
Indian but which cannot be alienated or encumbered without the consent 
of the Secretary. For the purposes of probate proceedings, restricted 
property is treated as if it were trust property. Except as the law may 
provide otherwise, the term ``restricted property'' as used in this 
part does not include the restricted lands of the Five Civilized Tribes 
of Oklahoma or the Osage Nation.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or an authorized 
representative.
    Summary probate proceeding means the consideration of a probate 
file without a hearing. A summary probate proceeding may be conducted 
if the estate involves only an IIM account that does not exceed $5,000 
in value on the date of the death of the decedent.
    Superintendent means a BIA Superintendent or other BIA official,

[[Page 67292]]

including a field representative or one holding equivalent authority.
    Testate means that the decedent executed a valid will as determined 
in the probate proceeding.
    Testator means a person who has executed a valid will as determined 
in the probate proceeding.
    Trust personalty means all tangible personal property, funds, and 
securities of any kind that are held in trust in an IIM account or 
otherwise supervised by the Secretary.
    Trust property means real or personal property, or an interest 
therein, the title to which is held in trust by the United States for 
the benefit of an individual Indian or tribe.
    We or us means the Secretary or an authorized representative as 
defined in this section.
    Will means a written testamentary document that was executed by the 
decedent and attested to by two disinterested adult witnesses, and that 
states who will receive the decedent's trust or restricted property.
    You or I means an interested party, as defined herein, with an 
interest in the decedent's trust estate unless a specific section 
states otherwise.


Sec.  30.102  Will the Secretary probate all the land or assets in an 
estate?

    (a) We will probate only the trust or restricted land or trust 
personalty in an estate.
    (b) We will not probate the following property:
    (1) Real or personal property other than trust or restricted land 
or trust personalty in an estate of a decedent;
    (2) Restricted land derived from allotments in the estates of 
members of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, 
Creek, and Seminole) in Oklahoma; and
    (3) Restricted interests derived from allotments made to Osage 
Indians in Oklahoma (Osage Nation) and Osage headright interests owned 
by Osage decedents.
    (c) We will probate that part of the estate of a deceased member of 
the Five Civilized Tribes or Osage Nation who owned either:
    (1) A trust interest in land; or
    (2) A restricted interest in land derived from an individual Indian 
who was a member of a tribe other than the Five Civilized Tribes or 
Osage Nation.

Subpart B--Commencement of Probate Proceedings


Sec.  30.110  When does OHA commence a probate case?

    OHA commences probate of a trust estate when OHA receives a probate 
file from the agency.


Sec.  30.111  How does OHA commence a probate case?

    OHA commences a probate case by confirming the case number assigned 
by BIA, assigning the case to a judge or ADM, and designating the case 
as a summary probate proceeding or formal probate proceeding.


Sec.  30.112  What must a complete probate file contain?

    A probate file must contain the documents and information described 
in 25 CFR 15.202 and any other relevant information.


Sec.  30.113  What will OHA do if it receives an incomplete probate 
file?

    If OHA determines that the probate file received from the agency is 
incomplete or lacks the certification described in 25 CFR 15.204, OHA 
may do any of the following:
    (a) Request the missing information from the agency;
    (b) Dismiss the case and return the probate file to the agency for 
further processing;
    (c) Issue a subpoena, interrogatories, or requests for production 
of documents as appropriate to obtain the missing information; or
    (d) Proceed with a hearing in the case.


Sec.  30.114  Will I receive notice of the probate proceeding?

    (a) If the case is designated as a formal probate proceeding, OHA 
will send a notice of hearing to:
    (1) Potential heirs and devisees named in the probate file;
    (2) Those creditors whose claims are included in the probate file; 
and
    (3) Other interested parties identified by OHA.
    (b) In a case designated a summary probate proceeding, OHA will 
send a notice of the designation to potential heirs and devisees and 
will inform them that a formal probate proceeding may be requested 
instead of the summary probate proceeding.


Sec.  30.115  May I review the probate record?

    After OHA receives the case, you may examine the probate record at 
the relevant office during regular business hours and make copies at 
your own expense. Access to records in the probate file is governed by 
25 U.S.C. 2216(e), the Privacy Act, and the Freedom of Information Act.

Subpart C--Judicial Authority and Duties


Sec.  30.120  What authority does the judge have in probate cases?

    A judge who is assigned a probate case under this part has the 
authority to:
    (a) Determine the manner, location, and time of any hearing 
conducted under this part, and otherwise to administer the cases;
    (b) Determine whether an individual is deemed deceased by reason of 
extended unexplained absence or other pertinent circumstances;
    (c) Determine the heirs of any Indian or eligible heir who dies 
intestate possessed of trust or restricted property;
    (d) Approve or disapprove a will disposing of trust or restricted 
property;
    (e) Accept or reject any full or partial renunciation of interest 
in either a testate or intestate proceeding;
    (f) Approve or disapprove any consolidation agreement;
    (g) Conduct sales at probate and provide for the distribution of 
interests in the probate decision and order;
    (h) Allow or disallow claims by creditors;
    (i) Order the distribution of trust property to heirs and devisees 
and determine and reserve the share to which any potential heir or 
devisee who is missing but not found to be deceased is entitled;
    (j) Determine whether a tribe has jurisdiction over the trust or 
restricted property and, if so, the right of the tribe to receive a 
decedent's trust or restricted property under 25 U.S.C. 
2206(a)(2)(B)(v), 2206(a)(2)(D)(iii)(IV), or other applicable law;
    (k) Issue subpoenas for the appearance of persons, the testimony of 
witnesses, and the production of documents at hearings or depositions 
under 25 U.S.C. 374, on the judge's initiative or, within the judge's 
discretion, on the request of an interested party;
    (l) Administer oaths and affirmations;
    (m) Order the taking of depositions and determine the scope and use 
of deposition testimony;
    (n) Order the production of documents and determine the scope and 
use of the documents;
    (o) Rule on matters involving interrogatories and any other 
requests for discovery, including requests for admissions;
    (p) Grant or deny stays, waivers, and extensions;
    (q) Rule on motions, requests, and objections;
    (r) Rule on the admissibility of evidence;
    (s) Permit the cross-examination of witnesses;
    (t) Appoint a guardian ad litem for any interested party who is a 
minor or found by the judge not to be competent to represent his or her 
own interests;
    (u) Regulate the course of any hearing and the conduct of 
witnesses, interested

[[Page 67293]]

parties, attorneys, and attendees at a hearing;
    (v) Determine and impose sanctions and penalties allowed by law; 
and
    (w) Take any action necessary to preserve the trust assets of an 
estate.


Sec.  30.121  May a judge appoint a master in a probate case?

    (a) In the exercise of any authority under this part, a judge may 
appoint a master to do all of the following:
    (1) Conduct hearings on the record as to all or specific issues in 
probate cases as assigned by the judge;
    (2) Make written reports including findings of fact and conclusions 
of law; and
    (3) Propose a recommended decision to the judge.
    (b) When the master files a report under this section, the master 
must also mail a copy of the report and recommended decision to all 
interested parties.


Sec.  30.122  Is the judge required to accept the master's recommended 
decision?

    No, the judge is not required to accept the master's recommended 
decision.
    (a) An interested party may file objections to the report and 
recommended decision within 30 days of the date of mailing. An 
objecting party must simultaneously mail or deliver copies of the 
objections to all other interested parties.
    (b) Any other interested party may file responses to the objections 
within 15 days of the mailing or delivery of the objections. A 
responding party must simultaneously mail or deliver a copy of his or 
her responses to the objecting party.
    (c) The judge will review the record of the proceedings heard by 
the master, including any objections and responses filed, and determine 
whether the master's report and recommended decision are supported by 
the evidence of record.
    (1) If the judge finds that the report and recommended decision are 
supported by the evidence of record and are consistent with applicable 
law, the judge will enter an order adopting the recommended decision.
    (2) If the judge finds that the report and recommended decision are 
not supported by the evidence of record, the judge may do any of the 
following:
    (i) Remand the case to the master for further proceedings 
consistent with instructions in the remand order;
    (ii) Make new findings of fact based on the evidence in the record, 
make conclusions of law, and enter a decision; or
    (iii) Hear the case de novo, make findings of fact and conclusions 
of law, and enter a decision.
    (3) The judge may find that the master's findings of fact are 
supported by the evidence in the record but the conclusions of law or 
the recommended decision is not consistent with applicable law. In this 
case, the judge will issue an order adopting the findings of fact, 
making conclusions of law, and entering a decision.


Sec.  30.123  Will the judge determine matters of status and 
nationality?

    (a) The judge in a probate proceeding will determine:
    (1) The status of eligible heirs or devisees as Indians;
    (2) If relevant, the nationality or citizenship of eligible heirs 
or devisees; and
    (3) Whether any of the Indian heirs or devisees with U.S. 
citizenship are individuals for whom the supervision and trusteeship of 
the United States has been terminated.
    (b) A judge may make determinations under this section in a current 
probate proceeding or in a completed probate case after a reopening 
without regard to a time limit.


Sec.  30.124  When may a judge make a finding of death?

    (a) A judge may make a finding that an heir, devisee, or person for 
whom a probate case has been opened is deceased, by reason of extended 
unexplained absence or other pertinent circumstances. The judge must 
include the date of death in the finding. The judge will make a finding 
of death only on:
    (1) A determination from a court of competent jurisdiction; or
    (2) Clear and convincing evidence.
    (b) In any proceeding to determine whether a person is deceased, 
the following rebuttable presumptions apply:
    (1) The absent person is presumed to be alive if credible evidence 
establishes that the absent person has had contact with any person or 
entity during the 6-year period preceding the hearing; and
    (2) The absent person is presumed to be deceased if clear and 
convincing evidence establishes that no person or entity with whom the 
absent person previously had regular contact has had any contact with 
the absent person during the 6 years preceding the hearing.


Sec.  30.125  May a judge reopen a probate case to correct errors and 
omissions?

    (a) On the written request of an interested party, or on the basis 
of the judge's own order, at any time, a judge has the authority to 
reopen a probate case to:
    (1) Determine the correct identity of the original allottee, or any 
heir or devisee;
    (2) Determine whether different persons received the same 
allotment;
    (3) Decide whether trust patents covering allotments of land were 
issued incorrectly or to a non-existent person; or
    (4) Determine whether more than one allotment of land had been 
issued to the same person under different names and numbers or through 
other errors in identification.
    (b) The judge will notify interested parties if a probate case is 
reopened and will conduct appropriate proceedings under this part.


Sec.  30.126  What happens if property was omitted from the inventory 
of the estate?

    This section applies when, after issuance of a decision and order, 
it is found that trust or restricted property or an interest therein 
belonging to a decedent was not included in the inventory.
    (a) A judge can issue an order modifying the inventory to include 
the omitted property for distribution under the original decision. The 
judge must furnish copies of any modification order to the agency and 
to all interested parties who share in the estate.
    (b) When the property to be included takes a different line of 
descent from that shown in the original decision, the judge will:
    (1) Conduct a hearing, if necessary, and issue a decision; and
    (2) File a record of the proceeding with the designated LTRO.
    (c) The judge's modification order or decision will become final at 
the end of the 30 days after the date on which it was mailed, unless a 
timely notice of appeal is filed with the Board within that period.
    (d) Any interested party who is adversely affected by the judge's 
modification order or decision may appeal it to the Board within 30 
days after the date on which it was mailed.
    (e) The judge's modification order or decision must include a 
notice stating that interested parties who are adversely affected have 
a right to appeal the decision to the Board within 30 days after the 
decision is mailed, and giving the Board's address. The judge's 
modification order or decision will become final at the end of this 30-
day period, unless a timely notice of appeal is filed with the Board.

[[Page 67294]]

Sec.  30.127  What happens if property was improperly included in the 
inventory?

    (a) When, after a decision and order in a formal probate 
proceeding, it is found that property has been improperly included in 
the inventory of an estate, the inventory must be modified to eliminate 
this property. A petition for modification may be filed by the 
superintendent of the agency where the property is located, or by any 
interested party. The petitioner must serve the petition on all parties 
whose interests may be affected by the requested modification.
    (b) A judge will review the merits of the petition and the record 
of the title from the LTRO on which the modification is to be based, 
enter an appropriate decision, and give notice of the decision as 
follows:
    (1) If the decision is entered without a formal hearing, the judge 
must give notice of the decision to all interested parties whose rights 
are affected.
    (2) If a formal hearing is held, the judge must:
    (i) Enter a final decision based on his or her findings, modifying 
or refusing to modify the property inventory; and
    (ii) Give notice of the decision to all interested parties whose 
rights are affected.
    (c) Where appropriate, the judge may conduct a formal hearing at 
any stage of the modification proceeding. The hearing must be scheduled 
and conducted under this part.
    (d) The judge's decision must include a notice stating that 
interested parties who are adversely affected have a right to appeal 
the decision to the Board within 30 days after the date on which the 
decision was mailed, and giving the Board's address. The judge's 
decision will become final at the end of this 30-day period, unless a 
timely notice of appeal is filed with the Board.
    (e) The judge must forward the record of all proceedings under this 
section to the designated LTRO.


Sec.  30.128  What happens if an error in BIA's estate inventory is 
alleged?

    This section applies when, during a probate proceeding, an 
interested party alleges that the estate inventory prepared by BIA is 
inaccurate and should be corrected.
    (a) Alleged inaccuracies may include, but are not limited to, the 
following:
    (1) Trust property interests should be removed from the inventory 
because the decedent executed a gift deed or gift deed application 
during the decedent's lifetime, and BIA had not, as of the time of 
death, determined whether to approve the gift deed or gift deed 
application;
    (2) Trust property interests should be removed from the inventory 
because a deed through which the decedent acquired the property is 
invalid;
    (3) Trust property interests should be added to the inventory; and
    (4) Trust property interests included in the inventory are 
improperly described, although an erroneous recitation of acreage alone 
is not considered an improper description.
    (b) When an error in the estate inventory is alleged, the OHA 
deciding official will refer the matter to BIA for resolution under 25 
CFR parts 150, 151, or 152 and the appeal procedures at 25 CFR part 2.
    (1) If BIA makes a final determination resolving the inventory 
challenge before the judge issues a final decision in the probate 
proceeding, the probate decision will reflect the inventory 
determination.
    (2) If BIA does not make a final determination resolving the 
inventory challenge before the judge issues a final decision in the 
probate proceeding, the final probate decision will:
    (i) Include a reference to the pending inventory challenge; and
    (ii) Note that the probate decision is subject to administrative 
modification once the inventory dispute has been resolved.

Subpart D--Recusal of a Judge or ADM


Sec.  30.130  How does a judge or ADM recuse himself or herself from a 
probate case?

    If a judge or ADM must recuse himself or herself from a probate 
case under Sec.  4.27(c) of this title, the judge or ADM must 
immediately file a certificate of recusal in the file of the case and 
notify the Chief ALJ, all interested parties, any counsel in the case, 
and the affected BIA agencies. The judge or ADM is not required to 
state the reason for recusal.


Sec.  30.131  How will the case proceed after the judge's or ADM's 
recusal?

    Within 30 days of the filing of the certificate of recusal, the 
Chief ALJ will appoint another judge or ADM to hear the case, and will 
notify the parties identified in Sec.  30.130 of the appointment.


Sec.  30.132  May I appeal the judge's or ADM's recusal decision?

    (a) If you have filed a motion seeking disqualification of a judge 
or ADM under Sec.  4.27(c)(2) of this title and the judge or ADM denies 
the motion, you may seek immediate review of the denial by filing a 
request with the Chief ALJ under Sec.  4.27(c)(3) of this title.
    (b) If a judge or ADM recuses himself from a probate case, you may 
not seek review of the recusal.

Subpart E--Claims


Sec.  30.140  Where and when may I file a claim against the probate 
estate?

    You may file a claim against the trust estate of an Indian with BIA 
or, after the agency transfers the probate file to OHA, with OHA.
    (a) In a formal probate proceeding, you must file your claim before 
the conclusion of the first hearing. Claims that are not filed by the 
conclusion of the first hearing are barred.
    (b) In a summary probate proceeding, if you are a devisee or 
eligible heir, you must file your claim with OHA within 30 days after 
the mailing of the notice of summary probate proceeding. Claims of 
creditors who are not devisees or eligible heirs will not be considered 
in a summary probate proceeding unless they were filed with the agency 
before it transferred the probate file to OHA.


Sec.  30.141  How must I file a claim against a probate estate?

    You must file your claim under 25 CFR 15.302 through 15.305.


Sec.  30.142  Will a judge authorize payment of a claim from the trust 
estate if the decedent's non-trust estate was or is available?

    The judge will not authorize payment of a claim from trust or 
restricted property if the judge determines that the decedent's non-
trust estate was or is available to pay the claim. This provision does 
not apply to a claim that is secured by trust or restricted property.


Sec.  30.143  Are there any categories of claims that will not be 
allowed?

    (a) Claims for care will not be allowed except upon clear and 
convincing evidence that the care was given on a promise of 
compensation and that compensation was expected.
    (b) A claim will not be allowed if it:
    (1) Has existed for such a period as to be barred by the applicable 
statute of limitations at date of decedent's death;
    (2) Is a tort claim that has not been reduced to judgment in a 
court of competent jurisdiction;
    (3) Is unliquidated; or
    (4) Is from a government entity and relates to payments for:
    (i) General assistance, welfare, unemployment compensation or 
similar benefits; or
    (ii) Social Security Administration supplemental security income or 
old-age, disability, or survivor benefits.

[[Page 67295]]

Sec.  30.144  May the judge authorize payment of the costs of 
administering the estate?

    On motion of the superintendent or an interested party, the judge 
may authorize payment of the costs of administering the estate as they 
arise and before the allowance of any claims against the estate.


Sec.  30.145  When can a judge reduce or disallow a claim?

    The judge has discretion to decide whether part or all of an 
otherwise valid claim is unreasonable, and if so, to reduce the claim 
to a reasonable amount or disallow the claim in its entirety. If a 
claim is reduced, the judge will order payment only of the reduced 
amount.


Sec.  30.146  What property is subject to claims?

    Except as prohibited by law, all intangible trust personalty of a 
decedent on hand or accrued at the date of death may be used for the 
payment of claims, including:
    (a) IIM account balances;
    (b) Bonds;
    (c) Unpaid judgments; and
    (d) Accounts receivable.


Sec.  30.147  What happens if there is not enough trust personalty to 
pay all the claims?

    If, as of the date of death, there was not enough trust personalty 
to pay all allowed claims, the judge may order them paid on a pro rata 
basis. The unpaid balance of any claims will not be enforceable against 
the estate after the estate is closed.


Sec.  30.148  Will interest or penalties charged after the date of 
death be paid?

    Interest or penalties charged against claims after the date of 
death will not be paid.

Subpart F--Consolidation and Settlement Agreements


Sec.  30.150  What action will the judge take if the interested parties 
agree to settle matters among themselves?

    (a) A judge may approve a settlement agreement among interested 
parties resolving any issue in the probate proceeding if the judge 
finds that:
    (1) All parties to the agreement are advised as to all material 
facts;
    (2) All parties to the agreement understand the effect of the 
agreement on their rights; and
    (3) It is in the best interest of the parties to settle.
    (b) In considering the proposed settlement agreement, the judge may 
consider evidence of the respective values of specific items of 
property and all encumbrances.
    (c) If the judge approves the settlement agreement under paragraph 
(a) of this section, the judge will issue an order approving the 
settlement agreement and distributing the estate in accordance with the 
agreement.


Sec.  30.151  May the devisees or eligible heirs in a probate 
proceeding consolidate their interests?

    The devisees or eligible heirs may consolidate interests under 25 
U.S.C. 2206(e) in trust property already owned by the heirs or under 25 
U.S.C. 2206(j)(9) in property from the inventory of the decedent's 
estate, or both.
    (a) A judge may approve a written agreement among devisees or 
eligible heirs in a probate case to consolidate the interests of a 
decedent's devisees or eligible heirs.
    (1) To accomplish a consolidation, the agreement may include 
conveyances among decedent's devisees or eligible heirs of:
    (i) Interests in trust or restricted land in the decedent's trust 
inventory; and
    (ii) Interests of the devisees or eligible heirs in trust or 
restricted land which are not part of the decedent's trust inventory.
    (2) The parties must offer evidence sufficient to satisfy the judge 
of the percentage of ownership held and offered by a party.
    (3) If the decedent's devisees or eligible heirs enter into an 
agreement, the parties to the agreement are not required to comply with 
the Secretary's rules and requirements otherwise applicable to 
conveyances by deed.
    (b) If the judge approves an agreement, the judge will issue an 
order distributing the estate in accordance with the agreement.
    (c) In order to approve an agreement, the judge must find that:
    (1) The agreement to consolidate is voluntary;
    (2) All parties to the agreement know the material facts;
    (3) All parties to the agreement understand the effect of the 
agreement on their rights; and
    (4) The agreement accomplishes consolidation.
    (d) An interest included in an approved agreement may not be 
purchased at probate without consent of the owner of the consolidated 
interest.


Sec.  30.152  May the parties to an agreement waive valuation of trust 
property?

    The parties to a settlement agreement or a consolidation agreement 
may waive valuation of trust property otherwise required by regulation 
or the Secretary's rules and requirements. If the parties waive 
valuation, the waiver must be included in the written agreement.


Sec.  30.153  Is an order approving an agreement considered a partition 
or sale transaction?

    An order issued by a judge approving a consolidation or settlement 
agreement will not be considered a partition or sale transaction under 
25 CFR part 152.

Subpart G--Purchase at Probate


Sec.  30.160  What may be purchased at probate?

    An eligible purchaser may purchase, during the probate of a trust 
or restricted estate, all or part of the estate of a person who died on 
or after June 20, 2006.
    (a) Any interest in trust or restricted property, including a life 
estate that is part of the estate (i.e., a life estate owned by the 
decedent but measured by the life of someone who survives the 
decedent), may be purchased at probate with the following exceptions:
    (1) If an interest is included in an approved consolidation 
agreement, that interest may not be purchased at probate without 
consent of the owner of the consolidated interest; and
    (2) An interest that a devisee will receive under a valid will 
cannot be purchased without the consent of the devisee.
    (b) A purchase option must be exercised before a decision or order 
is entered and must be included as part of the order in the estate.


Sec.  30.161  Who may purchase at probate?

    An eligible purchaser is any of the following:
    (a) Any devisee or eligible heir who is taking an interest in the 
same parcel of land in the probate proceeding;
    (b) Any person who owns an undivided trust or restricted interest 
in the same parcel of land;
    (c) The Indian tribe with jurisdiction over the parcel containing 
the interest; or
    (d) The Secretary on behalf of the tribe.


Sec.  30.162  Does property purchased at probate remain in trust or 
restricted status?

    Yes. The property interests purchased at probate must remain in 
trust or restricted status.


Sec.  30.163  Is consent required for a purchase at probate?

    (a) Consent is required for a purchase at probate if both of the 
following conditions are met:
    (1) If the interest in trust or restricted property meets the 
criteria in Sec.  30.160(a)(1) or (2); and

[[Page 67296]]

    (2) If the interest an heir will receive by intestate succession in 
the parcel subject to the probate proceeding meets either of the 
following criteria:
    (i) It is 5 percent or more of the entire undivided ownership 
interest in the parcel; or
    (ii) It is less than 5 percent of the entire undivided ownership 
interest in the parcel and the heir was residing on the parcel on the 
date of the decedent's death.
    (b) A devisee's consent is always required for a purchase at 
probate.


Sec.  30.164  What must I do to purchase at probate?

    Any eligible purchaser must submit a written request to OHA to 
purchase at probate before the decision or order is issued.


Sec.  30.165  Who will OHA notify of a request to purchase at probate?

    OHA will provide notice of a request to purchase at probate as 
shown in the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
    OHA will provide notice to . . .                 By . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) The heirs or devisees and the        First class mail.
 Indian tribe with jurisdiction over
 the interest.
(b) The BIA agency with jurisdiction     First class mail.
 over the interest.
(c) All parties who have submitted a     First class mail.
 written request for purchase.
(d) To all other eligible purchasers...  Posting written notice in:
                                         (1) At least five conspicuous
                                          places in the vicinity of the
                                          place of the hearing; and
                                         (2) One conspicuous place at
                                          the agency with jurisdiction
                                          over the parcel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  30.166  What will the notice of the request to purchase at 
probate include?

    The notice under Sec.  30.165 will include:
    (a) The type of sale;
    (b) The date, time, and place of the sale;
    (c) A description of the interest to be sold; and
    (d) The appraised market value, determined in accordance with Sec.  
30.167(b), of the parcel containing the interest to be sold, a 
description of the interest to be sold, and an estimate of the market 
value allocated to the interest being sold.


Sec.  30.167  How does OHA decide whether to approve a purchase at 
probate?

    (a) OHA will approve a purchase at probate if an eligible purchaser 
submits a bid in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of 
the interest. OHA will sell the interest to the eligible purchaser 
submitting the highest such bid.
    (b) The market value of the interest to be sold at probate must be 
based on an appraisal that meets the standards in the Uniform Standards 
for Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP), or on a valuation method 
developed by the Secretary pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 2214.


Sec.  30.168  How will the judge allocate the proceeds from a sale?

    (a) The judge will allocate the proceeds of sale among the heirs 
based on the fractional ownership interests in the parcel.
    (b) For the sale of an interest subject to a life estate, the judge 
must use the ratios in 25 CFR part 179 to allocate the proceeds of the 
sale among the holder of the life estate and the holders of any 
remainder interests.


Sec.  30.169  What may I do if I do not agree with the appraised market 
value?

    (a) If you are the heir whose interest is to be sold or a potential 
purchaser and you disagree with the appraised market value, you may:
    (1) File a written objection with OHA within 30 days after the date 
on which the notice provided under Sec.  30.165 was mailed, stating the 
reasons for the objection; and
    (2) Submit any supporting documentation showing why the market 
value should be modified within 15 days after filing a written 
objection.
    (b) The judge will consider your objection, make a determination of 
the market value, determine whether to approve the purchase under Sec.  
30.167, and notify all interested parties. The determination must 
include a notice stating that interested parties who are adversely 
affected may file written objections and request an interlocutory 
appeal to the Board as provided in Sec.  30.170.


Sec.  30.170  What may I do if I disagree with the judge's 
determination to approve a purchase at probate?

    (a) If you are adversely affected by the judge's determination to 
approve a purchase at probate under Sec.  30.167(a), you may file a 
written objection with the judge within 15 days after the mailing of a 
determination under Sec.  30.169(b).
    (1) The written objection must state the reasons for the objection 
and request an interlocutory appeal of the determination to the Board.
    (2) You must serve a copy of the written objection on the other 
interested parties and the agencies, stating that you have done so in 
your written objection.
    (b) If the objection is timely filed, the judge must forward a 
certified copy of the complete record in the case to the Board, 
together with a table of contents for the record, for review of the 
determination. The judge will not issue the decision in the probate 
case until the Board has issued its decision on interlocutory review of 
the determination.
    (c) If the objection is not timely filed, the judge will issue an 
order denying the request for review as untimely and will furnish 
copies of the order to the interested parties and the agencies. If you 
disagree with the decision of the judge as to whether your objection 
was timely filed, you may file a petition for rehearing under Sec.  
30.237 after the judge issues a decision under Sec.  30.235.


Sec.  30.171  What happens when the judge grants a request to purchase 
at probate?

    When the judge grants a request to purchase at probate, the judge 
will:
    (a) Notify all bidders by first class mail; and
    (b) Notify OST, the agency that prepared the probate file, and the 
agency having jurisdiction over the interest sold, including the 
following information:
    (1) The estate involved;
    (2) The parcel and interest sold;
    (3) The identity of the successful bidder; and
    (4) The amount of the bid.


Sec.  30.172  When must the successful bidder pay for the interest 
purchased?

    The successful bidder must pay to OST, by cashier's check or money 
order via the lockbox, or by electronic funds transfer, the full amount 
of the purchase price within 30 days after the mailing of the notice of 
successful bid.

[[Page 67297]]

Sec.  30.173  What happens after the successful bidder submits payment?

    (a) When OST receives payment, it will notify OHA, and the judge 
will enter an order approving the sale and directing the LTRO to record 
the transfer of title of the interest to the successful bidder. The 
order will state the date of the title transfer, which is the date 
payment was received.
    (b) OST will deposit the payment in the decedent's estate account.


Sec.  30.174  What happens if the successful bidder does not pay within 
30 days?

    (a) If the successful bidder fails to pay the full amount of the 
bid within 30 days, the sale will be canceled and the interest in the 
trust or restricted property will be distributed as determined by the 
judge.
    (b) The time for payment may not be extended.
    (c) Any partial payment received from the successful bidder will be 
returned.


Sec.  30.175  When does a purchased interest vest in the purchaser?

    An interest in trust or restricted property purchased under this 
subpart is considered to have vested in the purchaser on the date 
specified in Sec.  30.173(a).

Subpart H--Renunciation of Interest


Sec.  30.180  May I give up an inherited interest in trust or 
restricted property or trust personalty?

    You may renounce an inherited or devised interest in trust or 
restricted property, including a life estate, or in trust personalty if 
you are 18 years old and not under a legal disability.


Sec.  30.181  How do I renounce an inherited interest?

    To renounce an interest under Sec.  30.180, you must file with the 
judge, before the issuance of the final order in the probate case, a 
signed and acknowledged declaration specifying the interest renounced.
    (a) In your declaration, you may retain a life estate in a 
specified interest in trust or restricted land and renounce the 
remainder interest, or you may renounce the complete interest.
    (b) If you renounce an interest in trust or restricted land, you 
may either:
    (1) Designate an eligible person or entity meeting the requirements 
of Sec.  30.182 or Sec.  30.183 as the recipient; or
    (2) Renounce without making a designation.
    (c) If you choose to renounce your interests in favor of a 
designated recipient, the judge must notify the designated recipient.


Sec.  30.182  Who may receive a renounced interest in trust or 
restricted land?

    (a) If the interest renounced is an interest in land, you may 
renounce only in favor of:
    (1) An eligible heir of the decedent;
    (2) A person eligible to be a devisee of the interest, if you are a 
devisee of the interest under a valid will; or
    (3) The tribe with jurisdiction over the interest.
    (b) For purposes of paragraph (a)(2) of this section, a person 
eligible to be a devisee of the interest is:
    (1) A lineal descendant of the testator;
    (2) A person who owns a preexisting undivided trust or restricted 
interest in the same parcel;
    (3) Any Indian; or
    (4) The tribe with jurisdiction over the interest.


Sec.  30.183  Who may receive a renounced interest of less than 5 
percent in trust or restricted land?

    You may renounce an interest in trust or restricted land that is 
not disposed of by a valid will and that represents less than 5 percent 
of the entire undivided ownership of a parcel of land only in favor of:
    (a) One other eligible heir;
    (b) One Indian who is related to you by blood;
    (c) One co-owner of another trust or restricted interest in the 
same parcel; or
    (d) The Indian tribe with jurisdiction over the interest.


Sec.  30.184  Who may receive a renounced interest in trust personalty?

    (a) You may renounce an interest in trust personalty in favor of 
any person or entity.
    (b) The Secretary will maintain and continue to manage trust 
personalty transferred by renunciation to:
    (1) A lineal descendant of the testator;
    (2) A tribe; or
    (3) Any Indian.
    (c) The Secretary will directly disburse and distribute trust 
personalty transferred by renunciation to a person or entity other than 
those listed in paragraph (b) of this section.


Sec.  30.185  May my designated recipient refuse to accept the 
interest?

    Yes. Your designated recipient may refuse to accept the interest, 
in which case the renounced interest passes to the devisees or heirs of 
the decedent as if you had predeceased the decedent. The refusal must 
be made in writing and filed with the judge before the judge issues the 
final order in the probate case.


Sec.  30.186  Are renunciations that predate the American Indian 
Probate Reform Act of 2004 valid?

    Any renunciation filed and included as part of a probate decision 
or order issued before the effective date of the American Indian 
Probate Reform Act of 2004 remains valid.


Sec.  30.187  May I revoke my renunciation?

    A written renunciation is irrevocable after the judge enters the 
final order in the probate proceeding. A revocation will not be 
effective unless the judge actually receives it before entry of a final 
order.


Sec.  30.188  Does a renounced interest vest in the person who 
renounced it?

    No. An interest in trust or restricted property renounced under 
Sec.  30.181 is not considered to have vested in the renouncing heir or 
devisee, and the renunciation is not considered a transfer by gift of 
the property renounced.
    (a) If the renunciation directs the interest to an eligible person 
or entity, the interest passes directly to that person or entity.
    (b) If the renunciation does not direct the interest to an eligible 
person or entity, the renounced interest passes to the heirs of the 
decedent as if the person renouncing the interest had predeceased the 
decedent, or if there are no other heirs, to the residuary devisees.

Subpart I--Summary Probate Proceedings


Sec.  30.200  What is a summary probate proceeding?

    (a) A summary probate proceeding is the disposition of a probate 
case without a formal hearing on the basis of the probate file received 
from the agency. A summary probate proceeding may be conducted by a 
judge or an ADM, as determined by the supervising judge.
    (b) A decedent's estate may be processed summarily if the estate 
involves only cash and the total value of the estate does not exceed 
$5,000 on the date of death.


Sec.  30.201  What does a notice of a summary probate proceeding 
contain?

    The notice of summary probate proceeding under Sec.  30.114(b) will 
contain the following:
    (a) Notice of the right of any interested party to request that OHA 
handle the probate case as a formal probate proceeding;
    (b) A summary of the proposed distribution of the decedent's 
estate, a statement of the IIM account balance, and a copy of the death 
certificate;
    (c) A notice that the only claims that will be considered are those 
from

[[Page 67298]]

eligible heirs or devisees, or from any person or entity who filed a 
claim with BIA before the transfer of the probate file to OHA, with a 
copy of any such claim;
    (d) A notice that an interested party may renounce or disclaim an 
interest, in writing, either generally or in favor of a designated 
person or entity; and
    (e) Any other information that OHA determines to be relevant.


Sec.  30.202  May I file a claim or renounce or disclaim an interest in 
the estate in a summary probate proceeding?

    (a) Claims that have been filed with the agency before the probate 
file is transferred to OHA will be considered in a summary probate 
proceeding.
    (b) If you are a devisee or eligible heir, you may also file a 
claim with OHA as a creditor within 30 days after the mailing of the 
notice of the summary probate proceeding.
    (c) You may renounce or disclaim an interest in the estate within 
30 days after the mailing of the notice of the summary probate.


Sec.  30.203  May I request that a formal probate proceeding be 
conducted instead of a summary probate proceeding?

    Yes. Interested parties who are devisees or eligible heirs have 30 
days after the mailing of the notice to file a written request for a 
formal probate hearing.


Sec.  30.204  What must a summary probate decision contain?

    The written decision in a summary probate proceeding must be in the 
form of findings of fact and conclusions of law, with a proposed 
decision and order for distribution. The judge or ADM must mail or 
deliver a notice of the decision, together with a copy of the decision, 
to each affected agency and to each interested party. The decision must 
satisfy the requirements of this section.
    (a) Each decision must contain one of the following:
    (1) If the decedent did not leave heirs or devisees a statement to 
that effect; or
    (2) If the decedent left heirs or devisees:
    (i) The names of each heir or devisee and their relationships to 
the decedent;
    (ii) The distribution of shares to each heir or devisee; and
    (iii) The names of the recipients of renounced or disclaimed 
interests.
    (b) Each decision must contain all of the following:
    (1) Citations to the law of descent and distribution under which 
the decision is made;
    (2) A statement allowing or disallowing claims against the estate 
under this part, and an order directing the amount of payment for all 
approved claims;
    (3) A statement approving or disapproving any renunciation;
    (4) A statement advising all interested parties that they have a 
right to seek de novo review under Sec.  30.205, and that, if they fail 
to do so, the decision will become final 30 days after it is mailed; 
and
    (5) A statement of whether the heirs or devisees are:
    (i) Indian;
    (ii) Non-Indian but eligible to hold property in trust status; or
    (iii) Non-Indian and ineligible to hold property in trust status.
    (c) In a testate case only, the decision must contain a statement 
that:
    (1) Approves or disapproves a will;
    (2) Interprets provisions of the approved will; and
    (3) Describes the share each devisee is to receive, subject to any 
encumbrances.


Sec.  30.205  How do I seek review of a summary probate proceeding?

    (a) If you are adversely affected by the written decision in a 
summary probate proceeding, you may seek de novo review of the case. To 
do this, you must file a request with the OHA office that issued the 
decision within 30 days after the date the decision was mailed.
    (b) The request for de novo review must be in writing and signed, 
and must contain the following information:
    (1) The name of the decedent;
    (2) A description of your relationship to the decedent;
    (3) An explanation of what errors you allege were made in the 
summary probate decision; and
    (4) An explanation of how you are adversely affected by the 
decision.


Sec.  30.206  What happens after I file a request for de novo review?

    (a) Within 10 days of receiving a request for de novo review, OHA 
will notify the agency that prepared the probate file, all other 
affected agencies, and all interested parties of the de novo review, 
and assign the case to a judge.
    (b) The judge will review the merits of the case, conduct a hearing 
as necessary or appropriate under the regulations in this part, and 
issue a new decision under this part.


Sec.  30.207  What happens if nobody files for de novo review?

    If no interested party requests de novo review within 30 days of 
the date of the written decision, it will be final for the Department. 
OHA will send:
    (a) The complete original record and the final order to the agency 
that prepared the probate file; and
    (b) A copy of any relevant portions of the record to any other 
affected agency.

Subpart J--Formal Probate Proceedings

Notice


Sec.  30.210  How will I receive notice of the formal probate 
proceeding?

    OHA will provide notice of the formal probate proceeding under 
Sec.  30.114(a) by mail and by posting. A posted and published notice 
may contain notices for more than one hearing, and need only specify 
the names of the decedents, the captions of the cases and the dates, 
times, places, and purposes of the hearings.
    (a) The notice must:
    (1) Be sent by first class mail;
    (2) Be sent and posted at least 21 days before the date of the 
hearing; and
    (3) Include a certificate of mailing with the date of mailing, 
signed by the person mailing the notice.
    (b) A presumption of actual notice exists with respect to any 
person to whom OHA sent a notice under paragraph (a) of this section, 
unless the notice is returned by the Postal Service as undeliverable to 
the addressee.
    (c) OHA must post the notice in each of the following locations:
    (1) Five or more conspicuous places in the vicinity of the 
designated place of hearing; and
    (2) The agency with jurisdiction over each parcel of trust or 
restricted property in the estate.
    (d) OHA may also post the notice in other places and on other 
reservations as the judge deems appropriate.


Sec.  30.211  Will the notice be published in a newspaper?

    The judge may cause advance notice of hearing to be published in a 
newspaper of general circulation in the vicinity of the designated 
place of hearing. The cost of publication may be paid from the assets 
of the estate under Sec.  30.144.


Sec.  30.212  May I waive notice of the hearing or the form of notice?

    You may waive your right to notice of the hearing and the form of 
notice by:
    (a) Appearing at the hearing and participating in the hearing 
without objection; or
    (b) Filing a written waiver with the judge before the hearing.


Sec.  30.213  What notice to a tribe is required in a formal probate 
proceeding?

    (a) In probate cases in which the decedent died on or after June 
20, 2006, the judge must notify any tribe with jurisdiction over the 
trust or restricted land in the estate of the pendency of a proceeding.
    (b) A certificate of mailing of a notice of probate hearing to the 
tribe at its

[[Page 67299]]

record address will be conclusive evidence that the tribe had notice of 
the decedent's death, of the probate proceedings, and of the right to 
purchase.


Sec.  30.214  What must a notice of hearing contain?

    The notice of hearing under Sec.  30.114(a) must:
    (a) State the name of the decedent and caption of the case;
    (b) Specify the date, time, and place that the judge will hold a 
hearing to determine the heirs of the decedent and, if a will is 
offered for probate, to determine the validity of the will;
    (c) Name all potential heirs of the decedent known to OHA, and, if 
a will is offered for probate, the devisees under the will and the 
attesting witnesses to the will;
    (d) Cite this part as the authority and jurisdiction for holding 
the hearing;
    (e) Advise all persons who claim to have an interest in the estate 
of the decedent, including persons having claims against the estate, to 
be present at the hearing to preserve the right to present evidence at 
the hearing;
    (f) Include notice of the opportunity to consolidate interests at 
the probate hearing, including that the heirs or devisees may propose 
additional interests for consolidation, and include notice of the 
opportunity for renunciation either generally or in favor of a 
designated recipient;
    (g) In estates for decedents whose date of death is on or after 
June 20, 2006, include notice of the possibilities of purchase and sale 
of trust or restricted property by heirs, devisees, co-owners, a tribe, 
or the Secretary; and
    (h) State that the hearing may be continued to another time and 
place.

Depositions, Discovery, and Prehearing Conference


Sec.  30.215  How may I obtain documents related to the probate 
proceeding?

    (a) You may make a written demand to produce documents for 
inspection and copying. This demand:
    (1) May be made at any stage of the proceeding before the 
conclusion of the hearing;
    (2) May be made on any other party to the proceeding or on a 
custodian of records concerning interested parties or their trust 
property;
    (3) Must be made in writing, and a copy must be filed with the 
judge; and
    (4) May demand copies of any documents, photographs, or other 
tangible things that are relevant to the issues, not privileged, and in 
another party's or custodian's possession, custody, or control.
    (b) Custodians of official records will furnish and reproduce 
documents, or permit their reproduction, under the rules governing the 
custody and control of the records.
    (1) Subject to any law to the contrary, documents may be made 
available to any member of the public upon payment of the cost of 
producing the documents, as determined reasonable by the custodians of 
the records.
    (2) Information within federal records will be maintained and 
disclosed as provided in 25 U.S.C. 2216(e), the Privacy Act, and the 
Freedom of Information Act.


Sec.  30.216  How do I obtain permission to take depositions?

    (a) You may take the sworn testimony of any person by deposition on 
oral examination for the purpose of discovery or for use as evidence at 
a hearing:
    (1) On stipulation of the parties; or
    (2) By order of the judge.
    (b) To obtain an order from the judge for the taking of a 
deposition, you must file a motion that sets forth:
    (1) The name and address of the proposed witness;
    (2) The reasons why the deposition should be taken;
    (3) The name and address of the person qualified under Sec.  
30.217(a) to take depositions; and
    (4) The proposed time and place of the examination, which must be 
at least 20 days after the date of the filing of the motion.
    (c) An order for the taking of a deposition must be served upon all 
interested parties and must state:
    (1) The name of the witness;
    (2) The time and place of the examination, which must be at least 
15 days after the date of the order; and
    (3) The name and address of the officer before whom the examination 
is to be made.
    (d) The officer and the time and place specified in paragraphs 
(c)(2) and (c)(3) of this section need not be the same as those 
requested in the motion under paragraph (b) of this section.
    (e) You may request that the judge issue a subpoena for the witness 
to be deposed under Sec.  30.224.


Sec.  30.217  How is a deposition taken?

    (a) The witness to be deposed must appear before the judge or 
before an officer authorized to administer oaths by the laws of the 
United States or by the laws of the place of the examination, as 
specified in:
    (1) The judge's order under Sec.  30.216(c); or
    (2) The stipulation of the parties under Sec.  30.216(a)(1).
    (b) The witness must be examined under oath or affirmation and 
subject to cross-examination. The witness's testimony must be recorded 
by the officer or someone in the officer's presence.
    (c) When the testimony is fully transcribed, it must be submitted 
to the witness for examination and must be read to or by him or her, 
unless examination and reading are waived.
    (1) Any changes in form or substance that the witness desires to 
make must be entered on the transcript by the officer, with a statement 
of the reasons given by the witness for making them.
    (2) The transcript must then be signed by the witness, unless the 
interested parties by stipulation waive the signing, or the witness is 
unavailable or refuses to sign.
    (3) If the transcript is not signed by the witness, the officer 
must sign it and state on the record the fact of the waiver, the 
unavailability of the witness, or the refusal to sign together with the 
reason given, if any. The transcript may then be used as if it were 
signed, unless the judge determines that the reason given for refusal 
to sign requires rejection of the transcript in whole or in part.
    (d) The officer must certify on the transcript that the witness was 
duly sworn by the officer and that the transcript is a true record of 
the witness's testimony. The officer must then hand deliver or mail the 
original and two copies of the transcript to the judge.


Sec.  30.218  How may the transcript of a deposition be used?

    A transcript of a deposition taken under this part may be offered 
by any party or the judge in a hearing if the judge finds that the 
evidence is otherwise admissible and if either:
    (a) The witness is unavailable; or
    (b) The interest of fairness is served by allowing the transcript 
to be used.


Sec.  30.219  Who pays for the costs of taking a deposition?

    The party who requests the taking of a deposition must make 
arrangements for payment of any costs incurred. The judge may assign 
the costs in the order.


Sec.  30.220  How do I obtain written interrogatories and admission of 
facts and documents?

    (a) You may serve on any other interested party written 
interrogatories and requests for admission of facts and documents if:
    (1) The interrogatories and requests are served in sufficient time 
to permit answers to be filed before the hearing,

[[Page 67300]]

or as otherwise ordered by the judge; and
    (2) Copies of the interrogatories and requests are filed with the 
judge.
    (b) A party receiving interrogatories or requests served under 
paragraph (a) of this section must:
    (1) Serve answers upon the requesting party within 30 days after 
the date of service of the interrogatories or requests, or within 
another deadline agreed to by the parties or prescribed by the judge; 
and
    (2) File a copy of the answers with the judge.


Sec.  30.221  May the judge limit the time, place, and scope of 
discovery?

    Yes. The judge may limit the time, place, and scope of discovery 
either:
    (a) On timely motion by any interested party, if that party also 
gives notice to all interested parties and shows good cause; or
    (b) When the judge determines that limits are necessary to prevent 
delay of the proceeding or prevent undue hardship to a party or 
witness.


Sec.  30.222  What happens if a party fails to comply with discovery?

    (a) If a party fails to respond to a request for admission, the 
facts for which admission was requested will be deemed to be admitted, 
unless the judge finds good cause for the failure to respond.
    (b) If a party fails without good cause to comply with any other 
discovery under this part or any order issued, the judge may:
    (1) Draw inferences with respect to the discovery request adverse 
to the claims of the party who has failed to comply with discovery or 
the order, or
    (2) Make any other ruling that the judge determines just and 
proper.
    (c) Failure to comply with discovery includes failure to:
    (1) Produce a document as requested;
    (2) Appear for examination;
    (3) Respond to interrogatories; or
    (4) Comply with an order of the judge.


Sec.  30.223  What is a prehearing conference?

    Before a hearing, the judge may order the parties to appear for a 
conference to:
    (a) Simplify or clarify the issues;
    (b) Obtain stipulations, admissions, agreements on documents, 
understandings on matters already of record, or similar agreements that 
will avoid unnecessary proof;
    (c) Limit the number of expert or other witnesses to avoid 
excessively cumulative evidence;
    (d) Facilitate agreements disposing of all or any of the issues in 
dispute; or
    (e) Resolve such other matters as may simplify and shorten the 
hearing.

Hearings


Sec.  30.224  May a judge compel a witness to appear and testify at a 
hearing or deposition?

    (a) The judge can issue a subpoena for a witness to appear and 
testify at a hearing or deposition and to bring documents or other 
material to the hearing or deposition.
    (1) You may request that the judge issue a subpoena for the 
appearance of a witness to testify. The request must state the name, 
address, and telephone number or other means of contacting the witness, 
and the reason for the request. The request must be timely. The 
requesting party must mail the request to all other interested parties 
and to the witness at the time of filing.
    (2) The request must specify the documents or other material sought 
for production under the subpoena.
    (3) The judge will grant or deny the request in writing and mail 
copies of the order to all the interested parties and the witness.
    (4) A person subpoenaed may seek to avoid a subpoena by filing a 
motion to quash with the judge and sending copies to the interested 
parties.
    (b) Anyone whose legal residence is more than 100 miles from the 
hearing location may ask the judge to excuse his or her attendance 
under subpoena. The judge will inform the interested parties in writing 
of the request and the judge's decision on the request in writing in a 
timely manner.
    (c) A witness who is subpoenaed to a hearing under this section is 
entitled to the fees and allowances provided by law for a witness in 
the courts of the United States (see 28 U.S.C. 1821).
    (d) If a subpoenaed person fails or refuses to appear at a hearing 
or to testify, the judge may file a petition in United States District 
Court for issuance of an order requiring the subpoenaed person to 
appear and testify.


Sec.  30.225  Must testimony in a probate proceeding be under oath or 
affirmation?

    Yes. Testimony in a probate proceeding must be under oath or 
affirmation.


Sec.  30.226  Is a record made of formal probate hearings?

    (a) The judge must make a verbatim recording of all formal probate 
hearings. The judge will order the transcription of recordings of 
hearings as the judge determines necessary.
    (b) If the judge orders the transcription of a hearing, the judge 
will make the transcript available to interested parties on request.


Sec.  30.227  What evidence is admissible at a probate hearing?

    (a) A judge conducting probate proceedings under this part may 
admit any written, oral, documentary, or demonstrative evidence that 
is:
    (1) Relevant, reliable, and probative;
    (2) Not privileged under Federal law; and
    (3) Not unduly repetitious or cumulative.
    (b) The judge may exclude evidence if its probative value is 
substantially outweighed by the risk of undue confusion of the issues 
or delay.
    (c) Hearsay evidence is admissible. The judge may consider the fact 
that evidence is hearsay when determining its probative value.
    (d) A judge may admit a copy of a document into evidence or may 
require the admission of the original document. After examining the 
original document, the judge may substitute a copy of the original 
document and return the original.
    (e) The Federal Rules of Evidence do not directly apply to the 
hearing, but may be used as guidance by the judge and the parties in 
interpreting and applying the provisions of this section.
    (f) The judge may take official notice of any public record of the 
Department and of any matter of which federal courts may take judicial 
notice.
    (g) The judge will determine the weight given to any evidence 
admitted.
    (h) Any party objecting to the admission or exclusion of evidence 
must concisely state the grounds. A ruling on every objection must 
appear in the record.
    (i) There is no privilege under this part for any communication 
that:
    (1) Occurred between a decedent and any attorney advising a 
decedent; and
    (2) Pertained to a matter relevant to an issue between parties, all 
of whom claim through the decedent.


Sec.  30.228  Is testimony required for self-proved wills, codicils, or 
revocations?

    The judge may approve a self-proved will, codicil, or revocation, 
if uncontested, and order distribution, with or without the testimony 
of any attesting witness.


Sec.  30.229  When will testimony be required for approval of a will, 
codicil, or revocation?

    (a) The judge will require testimony if someone contests the 
approval of a self-proved will, codicil, or revocation, or submits a 
non-self-proved will for approval. In any of these cases, the attesting 
witnesses who are in the reasonable vicinity of the place of hearing 
must appear and be examined, unless they are unable to appear and

[[Page 67301]]

testify because of physical or mental infirmity.
    (b) If an attesting witness is not in the reasonable vicinity of 
the place of hearing or is unable to appear and testify because of 
physical or mental infirmity, the judge may:
    (1) Order the deposition of the attesting witness at a location 
reasonably near the residence of the witness;
    (2) Admit the testimony of other witnesses to prove the 
testamentary capacity of the testator and the execution of the will; 
and
    (3) As evidence of the execution, admit proof of the handwriting of 
the testator and of the attesting witnesses, or of any of them.


Sec.  30.230  Who pays witnesses' costs?

    Interested parties who desire a witness to testify at a hearing 
must make their own financial and other arrangements for the witness.


Sec.  30.231  May a judge schedule a supplemental hearing?

    Yes. A judge may schedule a supplemental hearing if he or she deems 
it necessary.


Sec.  30.232  What will the official record of the probate case 
contain?

    The official record of the probate case will contain:
    (a) A copy of the posted public notice of hearing showing the 
posting certifications;
    (b) A copy of each notice served on interested parties with proof 
of mailing;
    (c) The record of the evidence received at the hearing, including 
any transcript made of the testimony;
    (d) Claims filed against the estate;
    (e) Any wills, codicils, and revocations;
    (f) Inventories and valuations of the estate;
    (g) Pleadings and briefs filed;
    (h) Interlocutory orders;
    (i) Copies of all proposed or accepted settlement agreements, 
consolidation agreements, and renunciations and acceptances of 
renounced property;
    (j) In the case of sale of estate property at probate, copies of 
notices of sale, appraisals and objections to appraisals, requests for 
purchases, all bids received, and proof of payment;
    (k) The decision, order, and the notices thereof; and
    (l) Any other documents or items deemed material by the judge.


Sec.  30.233  What will the judge do with the original record?

    (a) The judge must send the original record to the designated LTRO 
under 25 CFR part 150.
    (b) The judge must also send a copy of:
    (1) The order to the agency originating the probate, and
    (2) The order and inventory to other affected agencies.


Sec.  30.234  What happens if a hearing transcript has not been 
prepared?

    When a hearing transcript has not been prepared:
    (a) The recording of the hearing must be retained in the office of 
the judge issuing the decision until the time allowed for rehearing or 
appeal has expired; and
    (b) The original record returned to the LTRO must contain a 
statement indicating that no transcript was prepared.

Decisions in Formal Proceedings


Sec.  30.235  What will the judge's decision in a formal probate 
proceeding contain?

    The judge must decide the issues of fact and law involved in any 
proceeding and issue a written decision that meets the requirements of 
this section.
    (a) In all cases, the judge's decision must:
    (1) Include the name, birth date, and relationship to the decedent 
of each heir or devisee;
    (2) State whether the heir or devisee is Indian or non-Indian;
    (3) State whether the heir or devisee is eligible to hold property 
in trust status;
    (4) Provide information necessary to identify the persons or 
entities and property interests involved in any settlement or 
consolidation agreement, renunciations of interest, and purchases at 
probate;
    (5) Approve or disapprove any renunciation, settlement agreement, 
consolidation agreement, or purchase at probate;
    (6) Allow or disallow claims against the estate under this part, 
and order the amount of payment for all approved claims;
    (7) Include the probate case number that has been assigned to the 
case in any case management or tracking system then in use within the 
Department;
    (8) Make any other findings of fact and conclusions of law 
necessary to decide the issues in the case; and
    (9) Include the signature of the judge and date of the decision.
    (b) In a case involving a will, the decision must include the 
information in paragraph (a) of this section and must also:
    (1) Approve or disapprove the will;
    (2) Interpret provisions of an approved will as necessary; and
    (3) Describe the share each devisee is to receive under an approved 
will, subject to any encumbrances.
    (c) In all intestate cases, including a case in which a will is not 
approved, and any case in which an approved will does not dispose of 
all of the decedent's trust or restricted property, the decision will 
include the information in paragraph (a) of this section and must also:
    (1) Cite the law of descent and distribution under which the 
decision is made; and
    (2) Describe the distribution of shares to which the heirs are 
entitled; and
    (3) Include a determination of any rights of dower, curtesy, or 
homestead that may constitute a burden upon the interest of the heirs.


Sec.  30.236  What notice of the decision will the judge provide?

    When the judge issues a decision, the judge must mail or deliver a 
notice of the decision, together with a copy of the decision, to each 
affected agency and to each interested party. The notice must include a 
statement that interested parties who are adversely affected have a 
right to file a petition for rehearing with the judge within 30 days 
after the date on which notice of the decision was mailed. The decision 
will become final at the end of this 30-day period, unless a timely 
petition for rehearing is filed with the judge.


Sec.  30.237  May I file a petition for rehearing if I disagree with 
the judge's decision in the formal probate hearing?

    (a) If you are adversely affected by the decision, you may file 
with the judge a written petition for rehearing within 30 days after 
the date on which the decision was mailed under Sec.  30.236.
    (b) If the petition is based on newly discovered evidence, it must:
    (1) Be accompanied by one or more affidavits of witnesses stating 
fully the content of the new evidence; and
    (2) State the reasons for the failure to discover and present that 
evidence at the hearings held before the issuance of the decision.
    (c) A petition for rehearing must state specifically and concisely 
the grounds on which it is based.
    (d) The judge must forward a copy of the petition for rehearing to 
the affected agencies.


Sec.  30.238  Does any distribution of the estate occur while a 
petition for rehearing is pending?

    The agencies must not initiate payment of claims or distribute any 
portion of the estate while the petition is pending, unless otherwise 
directed by the judge.

[[Page 67302]]

Sec.  30.239  How will the judge decide a petition for rehearing?

    (a) If proper grounds are not shown, or if the petition is not 
timely filed, the judge will:
    (1) Issue an order denying the petition for rehearing and including 
the reasons for denial; and
    (2) Furnish copies of the order to the petitioner, the agencies, 
and the interested parties.
    (b) If the petition appears to show merit, the judge must:
    (1) Cause copies of the petition and supporting papers to be served 
on all persons whose interest in the estate might be adversely affected 
if the petition is granted;
    (2) Allow all persons served a reasonable, specified time in which 
to submit answers or legal briefs in response to the petition; and
    (3) Consider, with or without a hearing, the issues raised in the 
petition.
    (c) The judge may affirm, modify, or vacate the former decision.
    (d) On entry of a final order, the judge must distribute the order 
as provided in this part. The order must include a notice stating that 
interested parties who are adversely affected have a right to appeal 
the final order to the Board, within 30 days of the date on which the 
order was mailed, and giving the Board's address.


Sec.  30.240  May I submit another petition for rehearing?

    No. Successive petitions for rehearing are not permitted. The 
jurisdiction of the judge terminates when he or she issues a decision 
finally disposing of a petition for rehearing, except for:
    (a) The issuance of necessary orders nunc pro tunc to correct 
clerical errors in the decision; and
    (b) The reopening of a case under this part.


Sec.  30.241  When does the judge's decision on a petition for 
rehearing become final?

    The decision on a petition for rehearing will become final on the 
expiration of the 30 days allowed for the filing of a notice of appeal, 
as provided in this part and Sec.  4.320 of this chapter.


Sec.  30.242  May a closed probate case be reopened?

    (a) The judge may reopen a closed probate case as shown in the 
following table.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Standard for
How the case can be reopened   Applicable deadline   reopening the case
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) On the judge's own        (i) Initiated within  To correct an error
 motion.                       3 years after the     of fact or law in
                               date of the           the original
                               original decision.    decision.
                              (ii) Initiated more   To correct an error
                               than 3 years after    of fact or law in
                               the date of the       the original
                               original decision.    decision which, if
                                                     not corrected,
                                                     would result in a
                                                     manifest injustice.
(2) On a petition filed by    (i) Filed within 3    To correct an error
 the agency.                   years after the       of fact or law in
                               date of the           the original
                               original decision.    decision.
                              (ii) Filed more than  To correct an error
                               3 years after the     of fact or law in
                               date of the           the original
                               original decision.    decision which, if
                                                     not corrected,
                                                     would result in a
                                                     manifest injustice.
(2) On a petition filed by    (i) Filed within 3    To correct an error
 the interested party.         years after the       of fact or law in
                               date of the           the original
                               original decision     decision.
                               and within 1 year
                               after the
                               petitioner's
                               discovery of an
                               alleged error.
                              (ii) Filed more than  To correct an error
                               3 years after the     of act or law in
                               date of the           the original
                               original decision     decision which, if
                               and within 1 year     not corrected,
                               after the             would result in a
                               petitioner's          manifest injustice.
                               discovery of an
                               alleged error.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) All grounds for reopening must be set forth fully in the 
petition.
    (c) A petition filed by an interested party must:
    (1) Include all relevant evidence, in the form of documents or 
affidavits, concerning when the petitioner discovered the alleged 
error; and
    (2) If the grounds for reopening are based on alleged errors of 
fact, be supported by affidavit.


Sec.  30.243  How will the judge decide my petition for reopening?

    (a) If the judge finds that proper grounds are not shown, the judge 
will issue an order denying the petition for reopening and giving the 
reasons for the denial. An order denying reopening must include a 
notice stating that interested parties who are adversely affected have 
a right to appeal the order to the Board within 30 days of the date on 
which the order was mailed, and giving the Board's address. Copies of 
the judge's decision must be mailed to the petitioner, the agencies, 
and those persons whose rights would be affected.
    (b) If the petition appears to show merit, the judge must cause 
copies of the petition and all papers filed by the petitioner to be 
served on those persons whose interest in the estate might be affected 
if the petition is granted. They may respond to the petition by filing 
answers, cross-petitions, or briefs. The filings must be made within 
the time periods set by the judge.


Sec.  30.244  What happens if the judge reopens the case?

    On reopening, the judge may affirm, modify, or vacate the former 
decision.
    (a) The final order on reopening must include a notice stating that 
interested parties who are adversely affected have a right to appeal 
the final order to the Board within 30 days of the date on which the 
order was mailed, and giving the Board's address.
    (b) Copies of the judge's decision on reopening must be mailed to 
the petitioner and to all persons who received copies of the petition.
    (c) By order directed to the agency, the judge may suspend further 
distribution of the estate or income during the reopening proceedings.
    (d) The judge must file the record made on a reopening petition 
with the designated LTRO and must furnish a duplicate record to the 
affected agencies.


Sec.  30.245  When will the decision on reopening become final?

    The decision on reopening will become final on the expiration of 
the 30 days allowed for the filing of a notice of appeal, as provided 
in this part.

Subpart K--Miscellaneous Provisions


Sec.  30.250  When does the anti-lapse provision apply?

    (a) The following table illustrates how the anti-lapse provision 
applies.

[[Page 67303]]



 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          If . . .                  And . . .            Then . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A testator devises trust      The devisee dies      The lineal
 property to any of his or     before the            descendants take
 her grandparents or to the    testator, leaving     the right, title,
 lineal descendant of a        lineal descendants.   or interest given
 grandparent.                                        by the will per
                                                     stirpes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) For purposes of this section, relationship by adoption is 
equivalent to relationship by blood.


Sec.  30.251  What happens if an heir or devisee participates in the 
killing of the decedent?

    Any person who knowingly participates, either as a principal or as 
an accessory before the fact, in the willful and unlawful killing of 
the decedent may not take, directly or indirectly, any inheritance or 
devise under the decedent's will. This person will be treated as if he 
or she had predeceased the decedent.


Sec.  30.252  May a judge allow fees for attorneys representing 
interested parties?

    (a) Except for attorneys representing creditors, the judge may 
allow fees for attorneys representing interested parties.
    (1) At the discretion of the judge, these fees may be charged 
against the interests of the party represented or as a cost of 
administration.
    (2) Petitions for allowance of fees must be filed before the close 
of the last hearing.
    (b) Nothing in this section prevents an attorney from petitioning 
for additional fees to be considered at the disposition of a petition 
for rehearing and again after an appeal on the merits. An order 
allowing attorney fees is subject to a petition for rehearing and to an 
appeal.


Sec.  30.253  How must minors or other legal incompetents be 
represented?

    Minors and other legal incompetents who are interested parties must 
be represented by legally appointed guardians, or by guardians ad litem 
appointed by the judge. In appropriate cases, the judge may order the 
payment of fees to the guardian ad litem from the assets of the estate.


Sec.  30.254  What happens when a person dies without a valid will and 
has no heirs?

    The judge will determine whether a person with trust or restricted 
property died intestate and without heirs, and the judge will determine 
whether 25 U.S.C. 2206(a) applies, as shown in the following table.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          If . . .                 Then . . .             Or . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) 25 U.S.C. 2206(a)         The judge will order  The judge will order
 applies.                      distribution of the   distribution of the
                               property under Sec.   property under Sec.
                                 2206(a)(2)(B)(v)
                               through (a)(2)(C).    2206(a)(2)(D)(iii)(
                                                     IV) through (V).
(b) 25 U.S.C. 2206(a) does    If the trust or       If the trust or
 not apply.                    restricted property   restricted property
                               is not on the         is on the public
                               public domain, the    domain, the judge
                               judge will order      will order the
                               the escheat of the    escheat of the
                               property under 25     property under 25
                               U.S.C. 373a.          U.S.C. 373b.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subpart L--Tribal Purchase of Interests Under Special Statutes


Sec.  30.260  What land is subject to a tribal purchase option at 
probate?

    Sections 30.260 through 30.274 apply to formal Indian probate 
proceedings that relate to the tribal purchase of a decedent's 
interests in trust and restricted land under the statutes shown in the 
following table.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Location of trust or restricted land     Statutes governing purchase
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) Yakima Reservation or within the     The Act of December 31, 1970
 area ceded by the Treaty of June 9,      (Pub. L. 91-627; 84 Stat.
 1855 (12 Stat. 1951).                    1874; 25 U.S.C. 607 (1976)),
                                          amending section 7 of the Act
                                          of August 9, 1946 (60 Stat.
                                          968).
(b) Warm Springs Reservation or within   The Act of August 10, 1972
 the area ceded by the Treaty of June     (Pub. L. 92-377; 86 Stat.
 25, 1855 (12 Stat. 37).                  530).
(c) Nez Perce Indian Reservation or      The Act of September 29, 1972
 within the area ceded by the Treaty of   (Pub. L. 92-443; 86 Stat.
 June 11, 1855 (12 Stat. 957).            744).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  30.261  How does a tribe exercise its statutory option to 
purchase?

    (a) To exercise its option to purchase, the tribe must file with 
the agency:
    (1) A written notice of purchase; and
    (2) A certification that the tribe has mailed copies of the notice 
on the same date to the judge and to the affected heirs or devisees.
    (b) A tribe may purchase all or part of the available interests 
specified in the probate decision. A tribe may not, however, claim an 
interest less than decedent's total interest in any one individual 
tract.


Sec.  30.262  When may a tribe exercise its statutory option to 
purchase?

    (a) A tribe may exercise its statutory option to purchase:
    (1) Within 60 days after mailing of the probate decision unless a 
petition for rehearing has been filed under Sec.  30.237 or a demand 
for hearing has been filed under Sec.  30.268; or
    (2) If a petition for rehearing or a demand for hearing has been 
filed, within 20 days after the date of the decision on rehearing or 
hearing, whichever is applicable, provided the decision on rehearing or 
hearing is favorable to the tribe.

[[Page 67304]]

    (b) On failure to timely file a notice of purchase, the right to 
distribution of all unclaimed interests will accrue to the heirs or 
devisees.


Sec.  30.263  May a surviving spouse reserve a life estate when a tribe 
exercises its statutory option to purchase?

    Yes. When the heir or devisee whose interests are subject to the 
tribal purchase option is a surviving spouse, the spouse may reserve a 
life estate in one-half of the interests.
    (a) To reserve a life estate, the spouse must, within 30 days after 
the tribe has exercised its option to purchase the interest, file with 
the agency both:
    (1) A written notice to reserve a life estate; and
    (2) A certification that copies of the notice have been mailed on 
the same date to the judge and the tribe.
    (b) Failure to file the notice on time, as required by paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section, constitutes a waiver of the option to reserve a 
life estate.


Sec.  30.264  When must BIA furnish a valuation of a decedent's 
interests?

    (a) BIA must furnish a valuation report of the decedent's interests 
when the record reveals to the agency:
    (1) That the decedent owned interests in land located on one or 
more of the reservations designated in Sec.  30.260; and
    (2) That one or more of the probable heirs or devisees who may 
receive the interests either:
    (i) Is not enrolled in the tribe of the reservation where the land 
is located; or
    (ii) Does not have the required blood quantum in the tribe to hold 
the interests against a claim made by the tribe.
    (b) When required by paragraph (a) of this section, BIA must 
furnish a valuation report in the probate file when it is submitted to 
OHA. Interested parties may examine and copy, at their expense, the 
valuation report at the agency.
    (c) The valuation must be made on the basis of the fair market 
value of the property, as of the date of decedent's death.
    (d) If there is a surviving spouse whose interests may be subject 
to the tribal purchase option, the valuation must include the value of 
a life estate based on the life of the surviving spouse in one-half of 
such interests.


Sec.  30.265  What determinations will a judge make with respect to a 
tribal purchase option?

    (a) If a tribe files a written notice of purchase under Sec.  
30.261(a), a judge will determine:
    (1) The entitlement of a tribe to purchase a decedent's interests 
in trust or restricted land under the applicable statute;
    (2) The entitlement of a surviving spouse to reserve a life estate 
in one-half of the surviving spouse's interests that have been 
purchased by a tribe; and
    (3) The fair market value of such interests, as determined by an 
appraisal or other valuation method developed by the Secretary under 25 
U.S.C. 2214, including the value of any life estate reserved by a 
surviving spouse.
    (b) In making a determination under paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section, the following issues will be determined by the official tribal 
roll, which is binding on the judge:
    (1) Enrollment or refusal of the tribe to enroll a specific 
individual; and
    (2) Specification of blood quantum, where pertinent.
    (c) For good cause shown, the judge may stay the probate proceeding 
to permit an interested party who is adversely affected to pursue an 
enrollment application, grievance, or appeal through the established 
procedures applicable to the tribe.


Sec.  30.266  When is a final decision issued?

    This section applies when a decedent is shown to have owned land 
interests in any one or more of the reservations designated in Sec.  
30.260.
    (a) The probate proceeding relative to the determination of heirs, 
approval or disapproval of a will, and the claims of creditors must 
first be concluded as final for the Department under this part. This 
decision is referred to in this section as the ``probate decision.''
    (b) At the formal probate hearing, a finding must be made on the 
record showing those interests in land, if any, that are subject to the 
tribal purchase option.
    (1) The finding must be included in the probate decision and must 
state:
    (i) The apparent rights of the tribe as against affected heirs or 
devisees; and
    (ii) The right of a surviving spouse whose interests are subject to 
the tribal purchase option to reserve a life estate in one-half of the 
interests.
    (2) If the finding is that there are no interests subject to the 
tribal purchase option, the decision must so state.
    (3) A copy of the probate decision, together with a copy of the 
valuation report, must be distributed to all interested parties under 
Sec.  30.236.


Sec.  30.267  What if I disagree with the probate decision regarding 
tribal purchase option?

    If you are an interested party who is adversely affected by the 
probate decision, you may, within 30 days after the date on which the 
probate decision was mailed, file with the judge a written petition for 
rehearing under this part.


Sec.  30.268  May I demand a hearing regarding the tribal purchase 
option decision?

    Yes. You may file with the judge a written demand for hearing if 
you are an interested party who is adversely affected by the exercise 
of the tribal purchase option or by the valuation of the interests in 
the valuation report.
    (a) The demand for hearing must be filed by whichever of the 
following deadlines is applicable:
    (1) Within 30 days after the date of the probate decision;
    (2) Within 30 days after the date of the decision on rehearing; or
    (3) Within 20 days after the date on which the tribe exercises its 
option to purchase available interests.
    (b) The demand for hearing must:
    (1) Include a certification that copies of the demand have been 
mailed on the same date to the agency and to each interested party; and
    (2) State specifically and concisely the grounds on which it is 
based.


Sec.  30.269  What notice of the hearing will the judge provide?

    On receiving a demand for hearing, the judge must:
    (a) Set a time and place for the hearing after expiration of the 
30-day period fixed for the filing of the demand for hearing as 
provided in Sec.  30.268; and
    (b) Mail a notice of the hearing to all interested parties not less 
than 20 days in advance of the hearing.


Sec.  30.270  How will the hearing be conducted?

    (a) At the hearing, each party challenging the tribe's claim to 
purchase the interests in question or the valuation of the interests in 
the valuation report will have the burden of proving his or her 
position.
    (b) On conclusion of the hearing, the judge will issue a decision 
that determines all of the issues including, but not limited to:
    (1) The fair market value of the interests purchased by the tribe; 
and
    (2) Any adjustment to the fair market value made necessary by the 
surviving spouse's decision to reserve a life estate in one-half of the 
interests.
    (c) The decision must include a notice stating that interested 
parties who are adversely affected have a right to appeal the decision 
to the Board within 30 days after the date on which the decision was 
mailed, and giving the Board's address.
    (d) The judge must:
    (1) Forward the complete record relating to the demand for hearing 
to the LTRO as provided in Sec.  30.233;
    (2) Furnish a duplicate record thereof to the agency; and

[[Page 67305]]

    (3) Mail a notice of such action together with a copy of the 
decision to each interested party.


Sec.  30.271  How must the tribe pay for the interests it purchases?

    (a) A tribe must pay the full fair market value of the interests 
purchased, as set forth in the appraisal or other valuation report, or 
as determined after hearing under Sec.  30.268, whichever is 
applicable.
    (b) Payment must be made within 2 years from the date of decedent's 
death or within 1 year from the date of notice of purchase, whichever 
is later.


Sec.  30.272  What are BIA's duties on payment by the tribe?

    On payment by the tribe of the interests purchased, the 
Superintendent must:
    (a) Issue a certificate to the judge that payment has been made; 
and
    (b) File with the certificate all supporting documents required by 
the judge.


Sec.  30.273  What action will the judge take to record title?

    After receiving the certificate and supporting documents, the judge 
will:
    (a) Issue an order that the United States holds title to the 
interests in trust for the tribe;
    (b) File the complete record, including the decision, with the LTRO 
as provided in Sec.  30.233;
    (c) Furnish a duplicate copy of the record to the agency; and
    (d) Mail a notice of the action together with a copy of the 
decision to each interested party.


Sec.  30.274  What happens to income from land interests during 
pendency of the probate?

    During the pendency of the probate, there may be income received or 
accrued from the land interests purchased by the tribe, including the 
payment from the tribe. This income will be credited to the estate and 
paid to the heirs. For purposes of this section, pendency of the 
probate ends on the date of transfer of title to the United States in 
trust for the tribe under Sec.  30.273.

    Dated: October 2, 2008.
James E. Cason,
Associate Deputy Secretary, Department of the Interior.
[FR Doc. E8-26487 Filed 11-12-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-W7-P