[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 217 (Friday, November 7, 2008)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 66200-66205]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-26612]
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Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
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Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 217 / Friday, November 7, 2008 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 66200]]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
7 CFR Parts 305 and 319
[Docket No. APHIS-2007-0161]
RIN 0579-AC89
Importation of Longan From Taiwan
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: We are proposing to allow the importation of commercial
shipments of fresh longan with stems from Taiwan into the United
States. As a condition of entry, the longan would be subject to cold
treatment and special port-of-arrival inspection procedures for certain
quarantine pests. In addition, the fruit would have to be accompanied
by a phytosanitary certificate stating that the fruit was inspected and
found to be free of certain pests, and the individual cartons or boxes
in which the longan are shipped would have to be stamped or printed
with a statement prohibiting their importation into or distribution in
the State of Florida. This action would allow for the importation of
commercial shipments of fresh longan with stems from Taiwan into the
United States while continuing to provide protection against the
introduction of quarantine pests into the United States.
DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before
January 6, 2009.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by either of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocketDetail&d=APHIS-2007-0161 to submit or view comments and
to view supporting and related materials available electronically.
Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Please send two copies of
your comment to Docket No. APHIS-2007-0161, Regulatory Analysis and
Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700 River Road, Unit 118,
Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that your comment refers to
Docket No. APHIS-2007-0161.
Reading Room: You may read any comments that we receive on this
docket in our reading room. The reading room is located in room 1141 of
the USDA South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue, SW.,
Washington, DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to
help you, please call (202) 690-2817 before coming.
Other Information: Additional information about APHIS and its
programs is available on the Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Alex Belano, Assistant Branch
Chief, Commodity Import Analysis and Operations, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River
Road, Unit 140, Riverdale, MD 20737-1231; (301) 734-8758.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The regulations in ``Subpart--Fruits and Vegetables'' (7 CFR
319.56-1 through 319.56-47, referred to below as the regulations)
prohibit or restrict the importation of fruits and vegetables into the
United States from certain parts of the world to prevent the
introduction and dissemination of plant pests that are new to or not
widely distributed within the United States.
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has received
a request from the Government of Taiwan to allow the importation of
fresh longan, Dimocarpus longan, with stems from Taiwan into the United
States. As part of our evaluation of Taiwan's request, we prepared a
pest risk assessment (PRA) and a risk management document (RMD). Copies
of the PRA and the RMD may be obtained from the person listed under FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT and may be viewed on the Internet on the
Regulations.gov Web site or in our reading room (see ADDRESSES above
for a link to Regulations.gov and information on the location and hours
of the reading room).
The PRA, titled ``Evidence-Based, Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment
of the Importation of Fresh Longan, Dimocarpus longan Lour., from
Taiwan into the United States'' (November 2007), evaluates the risks
associated with the importation of longan from Taiwan. As noted in that
document, we identified 26 pests of quarantine significance present in
Taiwan that could be introduced into the United States via longan. Of
these 26 pests, the PRA identified 5 as having high unmitigated pest
risk potential: The melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae), the
oriental fruit fly (B. dorsalis), the yellow peach moth (Conogethes
punctiferalis), the macadamia nut borer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta), and
the cashew leaf thrips (Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus). The remaining 21
pests, which were identified as having medium unmitigated pest risk
potential, were the litchi rust mite (Aceria litchii), the summer fruit
tortrix moth (Adoxophyes orana), the litchi fruit borer (Conopomorpha
sinensis), larvae of the dull cornelian butterfly (Deudorix epijarbas),
4 mealybugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Nipaecoccus viridis, Planococcus
lilacinus, and P. minor), and 13 scale insects (Aulacaspis
tubercularis, Ceroplastes rubens, Coccus discrepans, C. formicarii, C.
viridis, Drepanococcus chiton, Fiorinia pinicola, Icerya seychellarum,
Kerria lacca, K. greeni, Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis, Pulvinaria
taiwana, and Thysanofiorinia nephelii).
The risk management document considered the protections that would
be afforded by compliance with the regulations, determined that they
were appropriate to address the risks presented by some of the pests of
concern, and suggested some additional mitigations to address the
remaining identified risks. Based on those suggestions in the risk
management document, we propose the following measures be applied to
longan imported from Taiwan into the United States.
Commercial Consignments
Only commercial consignments of longan would be allowed to be
imported from Taiwan. This condition would reduce the likelihood that
longan will introduce injurious plant pests into the continental United
States. Produce grown commercially is less likely to be infested with
plant pests than noncommercial consignments. Noncommercial consignments
are more prone to infestations because the
[[Page 66201]]
commodity is often ripe to overripe, could be of a variety with unknown
susceptibility to pests, and is often grown with little or no pest
control. Commercial consignments, as defined in Sec. 319.56-2, are
consignments that an inspector identifies as having been imported for
sale and distribution. Such identification is based on a variety of
indicators, including, but not limited to: Quantity of produce, type of
packaging, identification of grower or packinghouse on the packaging,
and documents consigning the fruits or vegetables to a wholesaler or
retailer.
Phytosanitary Certificate With Additional Declaration
Consignments of longan from Taiwan would also be required to be
accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate of inspection and pest
freedom issued by the national plant protection organization (NPPO) of
Taiwan, with an additional declaration stating that the longan in the
shipment had been inspected and found free of the yellow peach moth,
macadamia nut borer, and cashew leaf thrips. This condition would
require the NPPO of Taiwan to conduct phytosanitary inspections for all
quarantine-significant pests.
Cold Treatment
We would require that the longan be subjected to cold treatment for
melon fruit fly, oriental fruit fly, and litchi fruit borer using
proposed APHIS treatment schedule T107-h, which would provide two
options for conducting the cold treatment: An option in which the fruit
is held at 33.8 [deg]F or below for 17 days, and an option in which the
fruit is held at 34.5 [deg]F or below for 20 days.
This condition, in conjunction with other safeguards that would be
required for longan from Taiwan, would reduce the likelihood that
longan would introduce injurious plant pests into the continental
United States. The proposed cold treatment schedule, conducted in
accordance with Sec. 305.15, has been determined to be an effective
quarantine treatment for melon fruit fly, oriental fruit fly, and
litchi fruit borer in longan.
The schedule listed for cold treatment T107-h in Sec. 305.16
currently provides three options for conducting the cold treatment: An
option in which the fruit is held at 33.4 [deg]F or below for 13 days,
an option in which the fruit is held at 33.8 [deg]F or below for 15
days, and an option in which the fruit is held at 34.5 [deg]F or below
for 18 days. However, a review \1\ by APHIS has determined that there
is not adequate scientific justification to conclude that the pests for
which T107-h is an approved treatment will be neutralized if the option
of holding the fruit at 33.4 [deg]F or below for 13 days is used.
Accordingly, we are proposing to remove this option from the cold
treatment schedule in T107-h. Additionally, based on the
recommendations in the review, we would extend by 2 days the treatment
times required in the other options available for this cold treatment.
Thus, the longan would have to be treated at 33.8 [deg]F for 17 days or
34.5 [deg]F for 20 days. For the same reasons, we are also proposing to
revise the schedule listed for cold treatment T107-j in Sec. 305.16 to
replace the 13-day treatment option with a 15-day treatment option.
However, we are not revising the 18-day treatment option for this
schedule because T107-j is approved only for oriental fruit fly and the
18-day treatment option has been shown to be effective at neutralizing
that pest.
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\1\ A copy of the treatment evaluation document may be obtained
from the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT and may
be viewed on the Internet on the Regulations.gov Web site or in our
reading room (see ADDRESSES above for a link to Regulations.gov and
information on the location and hours of the reading room).
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Special Inspection Procedures
Longan imported into the United States from Taiwan under this rule
would be subject to special inspection procedures at the port of
arrival for the quarantine pests yellow peach moth, macadamia nut
borer, and cashew leaf thrips.
Specifically, a random sample of fruit from each consignment would
be inspected to detect any pest infestation. The sampling would be
conducted at a higher rate than normal to help ensure detection of the
high-risk pests. The relatively large size of the yellow peach moth and
the macadamia nut borer would allow for detection of these pests on
commodities. Fruit damage caused by the cashew leaf thrips would also
be visible during inspection. Port-of-arrival inspection in accordance
with the special inspection procedures is also the approved mitigation
for the medium-risk pests identified in the PRA other than the litchi
rust mite.
Limited Distribution
Fresh longan from Taiwan would be prohibited from entering Florida.
All individual cartons or boxes in which the longan were shipped must
be stamped or marked with the following statement: ``Not for
importation into or distribution within FL.''
Longan shipments into the State of Florida would be prohibited due
to the risk of introducing the litchi rust mite. This is consistent
with other import programs in which shipments of litchis and longan are
prohibited into Florida for the same pest. This condition would limit
the risk of exotic pest establishment in areas of the United States
where longan are grown.
To reflect our proposed addition of fresh longan with stems from
Taiwan to the list of fruits and vegetables whose importation into the
United States is authorized, we would add an entry for longan from
Taiwan to the table of commodities enterable from foreign localities in
Sec. 305.2(h)(2)(i) of the phytosanitary treatments regulations, and
we would designate proposed cold treatment schedule T107-h as an
approved treatment for melon fruit fly, oriental fruit fly, and litchi
fruit borer in longan from Taiwan. In addition, we would amend the
table in Sec. 319.56-13(a) of the regulations to add an entry for
longan under Taiwan, indicating in that entry that the longan would be
prohibited from entering Florida, could be imported in commercial
shipments only, and would have to be treated with an approved treatment
listed in 7 CFR part 305. Finally, we would add a new paragraph to
Sec. 319.56-13(b) to reflect the proposed requirement that each
shipment of longan be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued
by the NPPO of Taiwan with an additional declaration stating that the
longan are free of yellow peach moth, macadamia nut borer, and cashew
leaf thrips.
Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act
This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866.
The rule has been determined to be not significant for the purposes of
Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed by the
Office of Management and Budget.
For this proposed rule, we have prepared an economic analysis. The
analysis, which is set out below, provides a cost-benefit analysis, as
required by Executive Order 12866, as well as an initial regulatory
flexibility analysis that considers the potential economic effects of
this proposed rule on small entities, as required by the Regulatory
Flexibility Act. Based on the information we have, there is no reason
to conclude that adoption of this proposed rule would result in any
significant economic effect on a substantial number of small entities.
However, we do not currently have all of the data necessary for a
comprehensive analysis of the effects of this proposed rule on small
entities. Therefore, we are inviting comments on potential effects. In
particular, we are
[[Page 66202]]
interested in determining the number and kind of small entities that
may incur benefits or costs from the implementation of this proposed
rule.
Reason for the Action
APHIS is responding to a request from the Government of Taiwan to
amend the fruits and vegetables regulations to allow the commercial
importation of longan with stems from Taiwan into the United States.
Longan with stems would be imported under certain conditions that would
address risks associated with several pests, including fruit flies.
Phytosanitary risks would be mitigated using a systems approach. Import
requirements would include requirements for cold treatment, limited
distribution with box markings (to address the risk posed by the litchi
rust mite), phytosanitary certification of inspection and pest freedom
by the national plant protection organization of Taiwan, and special
procedures for port-of-arrival inspection. As a signatory to the
International Plant Protection Convention, the United States has agreed
not to prescribe or adopt any phytosanitary measure concerning the
importation of plants, plant products, and other regulated articles
unless such measures are made necessary by phytosanitary considerations
and are technically justified.
Objectives and Legal Basis for the Proposed Rule
The objective of the proposed rule is to allow the importation of
fresh longan with stems from Taiwan. Importation would be allowed on
the condition that the fruit is subject to certain import conditions
including prohibited distribution into Florida.
Section 319.56 of Title 7, Chapter III of the Code of Federal
Regulations sets phytosanitary requirements for the importation of
fruits and vegetables into the United States. Section 305.2 of Title 7,
Chapter III requires approved phytosanitary treatments. The Plant
Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.) is the statutory basis for parts
305 and 319. It authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to implement
programs and policies designed to prevent the introduction and spread
of plant pests and diseases.
Description and Estimate of Small Entities Affected by the Proposed
Rule
As background to the discussion of possible effects for small
entities, we first consider U.S. and world longan production and
current imports by the United States. Production of longan in the
United States has trended upward over the past few years. However, U.S.
commercial production of longan is limited to Florida and Hawaii. As a
rare fruit, longan accounts for a small percentage of the total value
of tropical specialty fruit sales. Producers and importers that may be
affected by this proposed rule are likely to be small, based on Small
Business Administration (SBA) size standards as related to the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Further, longan from
Taiwan would not be allowed into Florida, and therefore would not
directly compete with U.S. producers for sales in that State.
Florida
In 1996, 91 percent of Florida's longan production was located in
Miami-Dade County, and the remaining acreage was located in neighboring
counties.\2\ There are between 20 and 40 different longan cultivars
world-wide, but 99 percent of the Floridian acreage is planted with the
``Kohala'' cultivar.\3\ The harvest season can last from July to
September, but mainly occurs in August.
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\2\ University of Florida, IFAS Extension, ``Florida Crop/Pest
Management Profile: Lychee and Longan.'' Mark Mossler and O. Norman
Nesheim. March 2002. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/PI/PI05000.pdf.
\3\ University of Florida, IFAS Extension. ``Longan Growing in
the Florida Home Landscape.'' Jonathan Crane, Carlos Balerdi, Steven
Sargent, Ian Maguire. pg. 1. Revised Sept. 2005. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/MG/MG04900.pdf.
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In 2002, the Florida Agricultural Market Research Center, in
combination with the University of Florida Institute of Food and
Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), published an agricultural land study.
This report states that, in 2001, crop acreage for longan in Miami-Dade
County totaled 495 acres, including non-bearing acreage.\4\ Latest
estimates are around 850 acres, including acreage that has been planted
in Palm Beach County and Lee County.\5\ Revenue reports from 1998 show
that 275 acres of the longan fruit crop sold at freight-on-board prices
of $3.60 per pound yielding a total value of $8.9 million.\6\ Ninety-
five percent of the longan crop was sold outside Miami-Dade County.
While the IFAS research does not report the destination of longan
leaving the county, demand for the longan as a minor tropical fruit is
rather small and geographically limited, with most of the crop sold on
the local fresh market.\7\ We are unaware of large-scale commercial
shipments of longan by Florida producers. Additionally, we note that
the proposed rule would not allow the importation or distribution of
commercial shipments of longan with stems from Taiwan into Florida.
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\4\ Florida Agricultural Market Research Center, IFAS. Miami-
Dade Agricultural Land Retention Study. Summary and Recommendations
Vol. 1 Table 13 ``Summary of Miami-Dade Tropical Fruit Acreage,
1990-2001.'' p. 40. April 2002. http://www.agmarketing.ifas.ufl.edu/dlfiles/Summary.pdf.
\5\ Crane, Jonathan. Tropical Fruit Specialist at the University
of Florida IFAS, personal communication, February 29, 2008.
\6\ Florida Agricultural Market Research Center, IFAS. Miami-
Dade Agricultural Land Retention Study. Economic Issues Vol 3. p. 4.
April 2002. http://www.agmarketing.ifas.ufl.edu/dlfiles/DadeAgLandRetentionAppendixVolumeB.pdf.
\7\ Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.
Charles H. Bronson. Florida Agriculture Statistical Directory. pg.
31. April 1, 2007. http://www.florida-agriculture.com/pubs/pubform/pdf/Florida_Agricultural_Statistical_Directory.pdf.
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Hawaii
In 2006, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), in cooperation with the Hawaiian Department
of Agriculture, reported that there were 65 farms in Hawaii that grew
longan. It is possible that these farms grew more than one type of
fruit. These Hawaiian farms had a total of 155 acres of longan, 75 of
which were harvested. There is no commercial production for canned,
dried, or processed longan, as 99 percent of the fruit is sold fresh.
Utilized production totaled 190,000 pounds, which was valued at
$657,000. Utilized production reported by NASS may be understated by as
much as one-fourth because some growers did not participate in the NASS
surveys.\8\ A 2007 report shows that the value of sales for longan
produced in Hawaii has steadily increased from $147,000 in 2002 to
$657,000 in 2006. Longan is now the second most important tropical
specialty fruit after mango.\9\ The total value of sales of tropical
specialty fruits in Hawaii equaled $2.6 million in 2006.
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\8\ Love, Ken. West Hawaii Director for the Hawaii Tropical
Growers Association, personal communication, April 15, 2008.
\9\ National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department of
Agriculture State of Hawaii. ``Hawaii Tropical Specialty Fruits.''
Sept. 4, 2007. http://www.nass.usda.gov/hi/fruit/tropfrt.pdf.
Includes atemoya, breadfruit, caimito, canistel, cherimoya, durian,
jaboticaba, jackfruit, langsat, longan, loquat, litchi, mango,
mangosteen, persimmon, poha, rambutan, rollina, sapodilla, soursop,
starfruit, and white sapote.
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With regard to the distribution of Hawaiian longan, it is estimated
that about 40 percent is irradiated and moved to the mainland for sale
in metropolitan areas such as Chicago, IL, and San Francisco, CA. The
remaining longan is sold within the State at resort hotels, at farmers'
markets, or in Honolulu's Chinatown.\10\ Hawaii's production and sales
are a small but
[[Page 66203]]
growing part of the fresh longan industry in the United States.
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\10\ Love, Ken. West Hawaii Director for the Hawaii Tropical
Growers Association, personal communication, April 15, 2008.
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Taiwan and Other Foreign Production and Exports
Taiwan is a major producer of longan.\11\ In 2002, Taiwan produced
over 242 million pounds of longan, on over 29,000 acres.\12\ Most of
the fresh longan is domestically consumed. A small amount of longan is
exported to other countries, including the United States, as dried,
preserved, canned, or fresh. The main cultivar in Taiwan is the
``Fengko.''
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\11\ All Asian production and export numbers are converted from
hectares and metric tons. 1 MT = 2,204.64 lbs; 1 ha = 2.471 acres.
\12\ Yen, C.R. ``Longan Production in Taiwan.'' ACTA Agriculture
Vol. Jan. 2005, No. 665, p. 61-66.
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Thailand and China are the frontrunners in longan production and
trade. In 2003, Thailand produced around 875 million pounds of longan
on over 1.9 million acres.\13\ Of Thailand's total longan exports,
about 70 percent is shipped fresh to Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia,
and China.\14\ China has an even larger longan industry. In 2000, China
produced 1.3 million pounds on 1.1 million acres.\15\ APHIS regulations
allow both Thailand and China to export fresh longan fruit with stems
into the United States, excluding Florida, under certain conditions.
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\13\ Office of Agricultural Economics. Agricultural Statistics
of Thailand 2003. Fruit Trees, Table 72: Longan. http://www.oae.go.th/statistic/yearbook/2003/indexe.html.
\14\ Anupunt, P. Lychee and Longan Production in Thailand. Acta
Horticulture Vol. Jan. 2005. p. 52-59.
\15\ Huang, H.B and X. Huang. Lychee and Longan Production in
China. Acta Horticulture Vol. Jan. 2005. p. 27-36.
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Taiwan may be currently exporting prepared or preserved longan to
the United States, but available statistics combine data for litchi and
longan; disaggregation of the data is not possible. Foreign
Agricultural Service data, for example, show that in 2007, U.S. imports
of prepared or preserved litchi/longan from Taiwan totaled 19,600
pounds and were valued at $45,000 (Harmonized Schedule code
2008993500). Thailand and China export much larger volumes of prepared
or preserved litchi/longan to the United States: 7.4 million pounds and
2.4 million pounds, respectively, in 2007, with a combined value of
$5.1 million (equaling 97 percent of U.S. litchi/longan imports). The
percentage share of these litchi/longan imports that were only longan
is unknown. Furthermore, quantities of fresh longan with stems imported
from China and Thailand are also not known.
The Taiwanese Government estimates that fresh longan exports to the
United States would total around 397,000 pounds.\16\ Because of data
aggregation, we are unable to more fully assess the relative size of
projected fresh longan imports from Taiwan, or compare them to the
quantities of fresh longan either imported from Thailand and China or
produced domestically. We welcome information that would allow us to
better understand the U.S. fresh longan market.
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\16\ Estimates from Taiwan is 180 MT equivalent to 1 MT =
2,204.64 lbs.
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Impact on Small Entities
Entities affected by this proposed rule are likely to be small,
based on SBA size standards as related to NAICS. Businesses most likely
to be affected by this rule would be longan producers, for which the
SBA small-entity standard is annual sales of not more than $750,000.
Production of longan is classified under NAICS code 111339 (Other Non-
Citrus Fruit Farming). In 2006, NASS reported that there were 65 farms
in Hawaii that grew longan, and this number has not changed since
2003.\17\ The Tropical Fruit Growers of South Florida lists 25 members
that sell longan from their farms.\18\ A University of Florida
publication from 2004 also lists four nurseries selling longan
plants.\19\ The 2002 Census of Agriculture shows that approximately 95
percent of fruit and nut tree farmers (NAICS 1113) in the United States
had sales that year of under $500,000. It is reasonable to assume that
most, if not all, longan producers in the United States are small
entities.
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\17\ National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department of
Agriculture State of Hawaii. ``Hawaii Tropical Specialty Fruits.''
Sept 4, 2007. http://www.nass.usda.gov/hi/fruit/tropfrt.pdf.
\18\ Tropical Fruit Growers of South Florida. Buy Fruit and
Trees--TFGSF Directory of Members. 2007. http://www.tropicalfruitgrowers.com/buy.htm#longan.
\19\ University of Florida. IFAS Extension. ``Nursery List for
Tropical Fruit Trees.'' Andrew Rose and Jeanne Ethridge. pg. 21,
Table 44. Revised Oct. 2004. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/CN/CN00800.pdf.
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Some importers of longan could be affected by the proposed rule as
well. These industries and their small-entity size standards are: Fresh
fruit and vegetable wholesalers (NAICS 424480, not more than 100
employees), wholesalers and other grocery stores (NAICS 445110, not
more than $23 million in annual receipts), warehouse clubs and
superstores (NAICS 452910, not more than $23 million in annual
receipts) and fruit and vegetable markets (NAICS 445230, not more than
$6 million in annual receipts). As with producers, it is likely that
affected longan importers would be predominantly small entities.
Fresh longan fruit with stems is currently admissible from other
countries besides China and Thailand, including the Bahamas, Bermuda,
Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica. Allowing Taiwan to export fresh
longan with stems to the United States is not expected to have any
significant effect on APHIS program operations, since longan is
currently imported from these various other regions subject to similar
conditions.
In sum, the quantity of fresh longan with stems projected to be
exported from Taiwan to the United States is probably small compared to
current import levels from other countries. However, because trade data
for prepared or preserved fruit combine longan with litchi, actual
prepared or preserved longan quantities imported by the United States
are not known. Moreover, the market for fresh longan is distinct from
the market for prepared or preserved longan, and trade data on fresh
longan imports are not available. It is likely that imports from Taiwan
would at least partially substitute for imports from countries such as
China and Thailand. Longan from Taiwan would not be allowed into
Florida, and therefore would not directly compete with U.S. producers
for sales in that State.
U.S. producers of longan are predominantly small entities and
operate primarily in Hawaii and southern Florida; there are relatively
few producers, and the number of harvested acres is relatively small.
Some domestic import firms may benefit from any additional trade that
results from the proposed rule. We welcome information that would
enable us to better understand potential effects of this proposed rule
on U.S. small entities.
Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements for Small
Entities
The proposed rule would not result in U.S. entities being subject
to reporting, recordkeeping, or other compliance requirements other
than, for importers, the records normally required of brokerage firms
and other import businesses. Phytosanitary certification and
fulfillment of related import conditions would be the responsibility of
the exporting party and are discussed below under the heading
``Paperwork Reduction Act.''
[[Page 66204]]
Alternatives
APHIS does not expect the proposed rule to result in significant
economic impacts for small entities, and therefore has not set forth
alternatives that would aim at minimizing any such impacts.
Executive Order 12988
This proposed rule would allow commercial shipments of fresh longan
with stems from Taiwan into the United States. If this proposed rule is
adopted, State and local laws and regulations regarding longan imported
under this rule would be preempted while the fruit is in foreign
commerce. Fresh fruits are generally imported for immediate
distribution and sale to the consuming public and would remain in
foreign commerce until sold to the ultimate consumer. The question of
when foreign commerce ceases in other cases must be addressed on a
case-by-case basis. If this proposed rule is adopted, no retroactive
effect will be given to this rule, and this rule will not require
administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in court
challenging this rule.
Paperwork Reduction Act
In accordance with section 3507(d) of the Paperwork Reduction Act
of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information collection or
recordkeeping requirements included in this proposed rule have been
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
Please send written comments to the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attention: Desk Officer for APHIS, Washington,
DC 20503. Please state that your comments refer to Docket No. APHIS-
2007-0161. Please send a copy of your comments to: (1) Docket No.
APHIS-2007-0161, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS,
Station 3A-03.8, 4700 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238,
and (2) Clearance Officer, OCIO, USDA, room 404-W, 14th Street and
Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250. A comment to OMB is
best assured of having its full effect if OMB receives it within 30
days of publication of this proposed rule.
The United States Department of Agriculture is responsible for
preventing plant pests and noxious weeds from entering the United
States, preventing the spread of plant disease not widely distributed
in the United States, and eradicating imported pest and noxious weeds
when eradication is feasible.
Under the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.), the
Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to carry out operations or
measures to detect, eradicate, suppress, control, prevent, or retard
the spread of plant pests new to the United States or not known to be
widely distributed throughout the United States.
The regulations in ``Subpart--Fruits and Vegetables'' prohibit or
restrict the importation of fruits and vegetables into the United
States from certain parts of the world to prevent the introduction and
dissemination of plant pests that are new to or not widely distributed
within the United States.
APHIS is proposing to allow the importation of commercial shipments
of fresh longan with stems from Taiwan into the United States. As a
condition of entry, the longan would be subject to cold treatment and
special port-of-arrival inspection procedures for certain quarantined
pests. In addition, the fruit would have to be accompanied by a
phytosanitary certificate stating that the fruit was inspected and
found to be free of certain pests, and the individual cartons or boxes
in which the longan are shipped would have to be stamped or printed
with a statement prohibiting their importation into or distribution in
the State of Florida.
Implementing this proposed rule will require respondents to
complete documents such as a phytosanitary certificate, recordkeeping,
inspection, and the stamping of boxes.
We are soliciting comments from the public (as well as affected
agencies) concerning our proposed information collection and
recordkeeping requirements. These comments will help us:
(1) Evaluate whether the proposed information collection is
necessary for the proper performance of our agency's functions,
including whether the information will have practical utility;
(2) Evaluate the accuracy of our estimate of the burden of the
proposed information collection, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used;
(3) Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to
be collected; and
(4) Minimize the burden of the information collection on those who
are to respond (such as through the use of appropriate automated,
electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or
other forms of information technology; e.g., permitting electronic
submission of responses).
Estimate of burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of
information is estimated to average 0.0018 hours per response.
Respondents: NPPOs, importers of longan.
Estimated annual number of respondents: 12,004.
Estimated annual number of responses per respondent: 1.0012.
Estimated annual number of responses: 12,018.
Estimated total annual burden on respondents: 22 hours. (Due to
averaging, the total annual burden hours may not equal the product of
the annual number of responses multiplied by the reporting burden per
response.)
Copies of this information collection can be obtained from Mrs.
Celeste Sickles, APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301)
851-2908.
E-Government Act Compliance
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is committed to
compliance with the E-Government Act to promote the use of the Internet
and other information technologies, to provide increased opportunities
for citizen access to Government information and services, and for
other purposes. For information pertinent to E-Government Act
compliance related to this proposed rule, please contact Mrs. Celeste
Sickles, APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301) 851-2908.
List of Subjects
7 CFR Part 305
Irradiation, Phytosanitary treatment, Plant diseases and pests,
Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
7 CFR Part 319
Coffee, Cotton, Fruits, Imports, Logs, Nursery stock, Plant
diseases and pests, Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Rice, Vegetables.
Accordingly, we propose to amend 7 CFR parts 305 and 319 as
follows:
PART 305--PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS
1. The authority citation for part 305 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 7701-7772 and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. 136 and
136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.
2. In Sec. 305.2, the table in paragraph (h)(2)(i) is amended by
adding, in alphabetical order, under Taiwan, a new entry for longan to
read as follows:
Sec. 305.2 Approved treatments.
* * * * *
(h) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) * * *
[[Page 66205]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Location Commodity Pest Treatment schedule
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Taiwan
* * * * * * *
Longan................ Bactrocera dorsalis, B. CT T107-h.
cucurbitae, Conopomorpha
sinensis.
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
3. In Sec. 305.16, the table is amended by revising the entries
for treatment schedules T107-h and T107-j to read as follows:
Sec. 305.16 Cold treatment schedules.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Temperature
Treatment schedule ([deg]F) Exposure period
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
T107-h....................... 33.8 or below.. 17 days.
34.5 or below.. 20 days.
T107-j....................... 33.8 or below.. 15 days.
34.5 or below.. 18 days.
* * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
PART 319--FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES
4. The authority citation for part 319 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 7701-7772, and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. 136
and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.
5. Section 319.56-13 is amended as follows:
a. In paragraph (a), the table is amended by adding, in
alphabetical order, under Taiwan, a new entry for longan to read as set
forth below.
b. By adding a new paragraph (b)(5)(xvii) to read as set forth
below.
Sec. 319.56-13 Fruits and vegetables allowed importation subject to
specified conditions.
(a) * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional
Country/locality of origin Common name Botanical name Plant part(s) requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Taiwan
* * * * * * *
Longan............ Dimocarpus longan. Fruit and stems... (b)(2)(v), (b)(3),
(b)(5)(xv),
(b)(5)(xvii).
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(5) * * *
(xvii) Must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by
the national plant protection organization of the exporting country of
origin with an additional declaration stating that the fruit is free of
Conogethes punctiferalis, Cryptophlebia ombrodelta, and
Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus.
* * * * *
Done in Washington, DC, this 3rd day of November 2008.
Kevin Shea,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. E8-26612 Filed 11-6-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-34-P