[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 199 (Tuesday, October 14, 2008)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 60612-60616]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-24268]


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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

10 CFR Part 50

[NRC-2008-0237]


Policy Statement on the Regulation of Advanced Reactors

AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

ACTION: Final policy statement.

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SUMMARY: On May 9, 2008 (73 FR 26349), the Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission (NRC; Commission) issued, for public comment, a draft policy 
statement on the regulation of advanced reactors. This final policy 
statement reinforces the Commission's current policy regarding advanced 
reactors and includes new items to be considered during the design of 
these reactors, including security, emergency preparedness, threat of 
theft, and international safeguards.

DATE: The effective date is November 13, 2008.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Wesley W. Held, Rulemaking, 
Guidance, and Advanced Reactor Branch, Division of New Reactor 
Licensing, Office of New Reactors, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 
Mail Stop: T-6 C34, Washington, DC 20555-0001; Telephone: (301) 415-
1583; fax number: (301) 415-5399; e-mail: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background
II. Summary of Public Comments and Responses to Comments
    A. General Comments
    B. Attributes To Be Considered During Design
    C. Security of Advanced Reactors
    D. Relationship to General Design Criteria (GDC)
    E. Other Comments
III. Final Policy Statement

I. Background

    On July 8, 1986 (51 FR 24643), the Commission published a policy 
statement on the regulation of advanced reactors. The Commission had 
the following three primary objectives in issuing the advanced reactor 
policy statement (ARPS):
     To maintain the earliest possible interaction of 
applicants, vendors, and government agencies with the NRC.
     To provide all interested parties, including the public, 
with the Commission's views concerning the desired characteristics of 
advanced reactor designs.
     To express the Commission's intent to issue timely comment 
on the implications of such designs for safety and the regulatory 
process.
    On July 12, 1994 (59 FR 35461), the Commission revised the 1986 
ARPS by addressing the Commission's policy on metrication (57 FR 46202; 
October 7, 1992; as revised June 19, 1996 (61 FR 31169)).
    Since the events of September 11, 2001, the NRC has assessed 
potential threats and their possible impacts on the Nation's fleet of 
operating nuclear power reactors and has required upgrades of physical 
security measures and mitigative strategies through the issuance of a 
series of security orders and license conditions. For new nuclear power 
reactors, the Commission considers it prudent to provide expectations 
and guidance on security matters to prospective applicants so that they 
can use this information early in the design stage of new reactors to 
identify potential mitigative measures and/or design features that 
provide a more robust and effective security posture. Therefore, the 
Commission decided to revise the ARPS to integrate these expectations 
for security and emergency preparedness with the current expectations 
for safety.
    The Commission's expectation for advanced reactor designers to 
consider the effects of a large, commercial airplane impact is 
currently being addressed through rulemaking (Consideration of Aircraft 
Impacts for New Nuclear Power Reactor Designs--RIN AI19--Docket ID NRC-
2007-0009). The Commission believes that reactors designed with 
potential aircraft impact considerations resulting from this rule would 
be more robust than if they were designed in the absence of this rule.
    The proposed policy statement, ``Policy Statement on the Regulation 
of Advanced Reactors,'' was published in the Federal Register on May 9, 
2008 (73 FR 26349). The public comment period expired on July 8, 2008. 
This final policy statement reflects the pertinent comments received on 
the published draft policy statement.

II. Summary of Public Comments and Responses to Comments

    Eight organizations and individuals submitted written comments on 
the draft policy statement. The commenters represented a variety of 
interests addressing a wide range of issues, and included individuals; 
reactor vendors; and citizen, environmental, and industry groups. Most 
commenters agreed with the general principle of the policy statement, 
but no commenter supported the policy statement exactly as proposed. 
Several commenters wanted changes made to the list of design attributes 
to be considered. Others suggested linking the design attributes to the 
general design criteria (GDC). Another commented on the security of 
nuclear power plants, and one commenter described a thorium reactor 
design.
    Comments on this proposed rule are available electronically at 
http://www.regulations.gov. From this page, the public can find all the 
comments received by inputting NRC-2008-0237 into the search field. 
Comments are also available electronically at the NRC's Electronic 
Reading Room at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. From this 
page, the public can gain access to the Agencywide Documents Access and 
Management System (ADAMS), which provides text and image files of NRC's 
public documents. The public can search for comments using the ADAMS 
accession numbers listed in the table below, which includes the 
commenters' names and affiliations.

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    Letter No.       ADAMS accession No.    Commenter affiliation        Commenter name         Abbreviation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.................  ML081420201.........  Private citizen..........  Paul Sund............  Sund
2.................  ML081420208.........  University of California-- Per Peterson.........  UCB
                                           Berkeley.
3.................  ML081770159.........  Toshiba..................  Koichiro Oshima......  Toshiba
4.................  ML081900560.........  Thorium ElectroNuclear AB  Elling Disen.........  TEN AB

[[Page 60613]]

 
5.................  ML081900562.........  North Carolina Waste       John D. Runkle.......  NC WARN
                                           Awareness and Reduction
                                           Network.
6.................  ML081910787.........  Nuclear Energy Institute.  Adrian Heymer........  NEI
7.................  ML081910796.........  Union of Concerned         Edwin Lyman..........  UCS
                                           Scientists.
8.................  ML081970378.........  Private citizen..........  Ray Van De Walker....  Walker
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This document places each public comment into one of the following 
categories:
    A. General Comments
    B. Attributes To Be Considered During Design
    C. Security of Advanced Reactors
    D. Relationship to GDC
    E. Other Comments

    Within each category, the NRC has either repeated comments as 
written by the commenter or summarized the comments for conciseness and 
clarity. At the end of the comment or comment summary, the NRC 
references the specific public comments and the letters by which they 
were provided to the NRC using the NRC-assigned sequential comment 
numbers listed in Table 1. For example, specific comments are 
referenced as [XXX]-[YYY], where [XXX] represents the commenter's 
abbreviation and [YYY] represents the NRC-assigned sequential comment 
number.

A. General Comments

    Comment: The commenter believes that a fast fuel reactor can help 
reduce the volume of radioactive waste currently in storage at reactor 
sites in the United States and hopes that the NRC has considered or 
will consider those designs. (Sund-1)
    NRC Response: The NRC neither develops nor promotes reactor 
designs, but rather reviews the safety and security aspects of designs 
proposed by reactor vendors and designers. The NRC has the ability to 
develop the capability to evaluate innovative and advanced designs that 
are presented for NRC review (e.g., Toshiba's 4S reactor design). No 
changes were made to the policy statement as a result of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter suggests that the term ``current 
generation'' in the first paragraph of the policy statement could be 
misinterpreted because it was written in 1986 and does not take into 
consideration plants currently in the licensing process. The commenter 
suggests that the term ``current generation light-water reactors'' be 
replaced with ``plants licensed before 1997.'' (NEI-2)
    NRC Response: The NRC agrees that the term ``current generation'' 
may cause confusion because it is subjective and time-dependent. During 
previous interactions with the industry, the staff indicated that 
``current generation light-water reactors'' refers to those reactors 
that were licensed before 1997. Accordingly, a footnote has been added 
to section III, ``Final Policy Statement,'' providing this definition.
    Comment: The commenter suggests that the discussion of the pending 
rulemaking on Consideration of Aircraft Impacts for New Nuclear Plant 
Designs (Rulemaking Docket NRC-2007-0009) is more akin to background 
information than a lasting statement of Commission policy and 
recommends deleting this paragraph or relocating it to the Background 
section. (NEI-3)
    NRC Response: The NRC agrees with the comment and has moved the 
discussion to the Background section in order to alleviate the need to 
revise the statement again as that rulemaking progresses.
    Comment: The commenter states that the NRC licensing review is a 
famously difficult hurdle for advanced reactors and wants the 
Commission to consider a pilot program where commercial bureaus would 
use NRC policies to review, license, and inspect new reactor designs. 
(Walker-1)
    NRC Response: The Atomic Energy Act of 1974, as amended, describes 
the NRC's responsibilities. These responsibilities include the 
licensing of nuclear reactors; therefore, the NRC cannot transfer this 
responsibility to another entity. No changes were made to the policy 
statement as a result of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter encourages ``type-licensing'' of reactor 
designs and ``fast-track combined operating licenses.'' (Walker-2)
    NRC Response: The NRC generally agrees with the comment. As the 
commenter noted, the NRC has regulations in place that allow these 
regulatory approval processes. In 10 CFR Part 52, ``Licenses, 
Certifications, and Approvals for Nuclear Power Plants,'' the NRC uses 
the term ``design certification'' to describe the process of approving 
by rulemaking a reactor design that may be referenced by combined 
license (COL) applicants. A COL is a licensing process that results in 
the granting of a combined construction permit and operating license 
with conditions. This process is different from the two-step process in 
10 CFR Part 50, ``Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization 
Facilities,'' which provides for construction permits and operating 
licenses. In addition to the benefits gained by using the COL process, 
the NRC has also developed a design-centered approach for COL reviews 
that implements a ``one issue, one review, and one decision 
philosophy.'' No changes were made to the policy statement as a result 
of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter believes that the overall effectiveness of 
the policy will be strengthened if the fourth listed attribute (and 
perhaps to a lesser degree, the eighth), emphasizes or prioritizes the 
potential for minimizing severe accidents over minimizing the 
consequences of such an accident. This may be a small distinction, but 
the commenter believes there is a benefit to initially focusing on 
features to prevent an accident although reactor designers should not 
overlook mitigation features. (Toshiba-1)
    NRC Response: The NRC agrees that accident prevention is preferable 
to accident mitigation and believes that the fourth attribute expresses 
this emphasis because the attribute lists design features that enhance 
prevention specifically. However, the attribute has been modified to 
place additional emphasis on accident prevention.
    Comment: The commenter notes that the policy statement makes no 
mention of the use of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) in assessing 
the design of advanced reactors and feels that it would be helpful to 
describe how PRA might be used to confirm the favorable design 
attributes suggested. The commenter feels that it may be helpful to 
provide advanced reactor designers with interim guidance regarding NRC 
efforts for a risk informed, technology neutral licensing framework to 
permit designers to approach licensing with less uncertainty regarding 
if and/or how PRA should be utilized. (Toshiba-3)
    NRC Response: The NRC has established specific requirements related 
to the use of PRA in licensing new nuclear power plants, which would be 
applicable to advanced reactors. For example, in accordance with 10 CFR

[[Page 60614]]

52.47, ``Contents of Applications--Technical Information,'' applicants 
for a design certification must include in their application a 
description of the design-specific PRA and its results. In addition, 10 
CFR 50.71(h) requires each holder of a COL to develop and maintain a 
PRA for their facility and to periodically update the PRA to reflect 
plant changes and any NRC-endorsed consensus standards on PRA. In 
addition to adopting these regulatory requirements, the Commission has 
also issued policy statements on the use of PRA in regulatory 
activities (60 FR 42622; August 16, 1995), and severe accidents 
regarding future designs and existing plants (50 FR 32138; August 8, 
1985). The use of PRA as a design tool is implied by the policy 
statement on the use of PRA and the NRC believes that the current 
regulations and policy statements provide sufficient guidance to 
designers. No changes were made to the policy statement as a result of 
this comment.

B. Attributes To Be Considered During Design

    Comment: The commenter recommends that the policy statement 
explicitly discuss the threat of theft, in addition to the current 
focus on threat of sabotage of facilities, and encourage designers to 
consider requirements for implementing international safeguards 
monitoring early in the design process, particularly for reactors that 
will be co-located with reprocessing facilities. The commenter 
suggested a possible addition to the list of design attributes included 
in the policy statement that relates to theft and international 
safeguards. (UCB-1)
    NRC Response: The NRC agrees with the comment and has added 
expectations that reactor designers consider the threat of theft and 
requirements for implementing international safeguards monitoring early 
in the design phase. An attribute has been added to the list of design 
attributes to be considered during the design of advanced reactors to 
address these topics.
    Comment: The commenter suggests that the following attributes in 
the current ARPS are not statements of design philosophy and are solely 
a restatement of existing regulations and should be deleted.
     Designs with features to prevent a simultaneous loss of 
containment integrity (including situations where the containment is 
bypassed), and the ability to maintain core cooling as a result of an 
aircraft impact, or identification of system designs that would provide 
inherent delay in radiological releases (if prevention of release is 
not possible).
     Designs with features to prevent loss of spent fuel pool 
integrity as a result of an aircraft impact. (NEI-1)
    NRC Response: The NRC agrees that these attributes are restatements 
of current requirements, but it believes that these aspects should be 
highlighted in the policy statement to ensure that they are considered 
early in the design phase in order to identify design features that 
could be included to prevent or mitigate problems rather than relying 
on operational programs. No changes were made to the policy statement 
as a result of this comment.

C. Security of Advanced Reactors

    Comment: The commenter agrees that advanced reactor designers 
should consider potential mitigative measures and/or design features 
that provide a more robust and effective security posture, which should 
include the possible threat of terrorist attacks and aviation attacks 
at any reactor. (NCWARN-1)
    NRC Response: As stated in the background section, the Commission's 
expectation for advanced reactor designers to consider the effects of a 
large, commercial airplane impact is currently being addressed through 
rulemaking (Consideration of Aircraft Impacts for New Nuclear Power 
Reactor Designs--RIN AI19-ID Docket NRC-2007-0009). The Commission 
believes that reactors designed with potential aircraft impact 
considerations resulting from this proposed rule would be more robust 
than currently-licensed reactors. However, if the NRC adopts the 
aircraft impact rule in final form, it will be applicable to future 
reactor designs and need not be addressed in this policy statement. 
Regarding terrorist attacks, as with operating and proposed reactors, 
all licensees--including those using advanced reactor designs must be 
able to defend against the design basis threat (DBT), which considers 
terrorist attacks. No changes were made to the policy statement as a 
result of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter states that it can be concluded from the 
wording of the ARPS that existing reactors and reactors currently being 
proposed (AP1000, ESBWR, etc.) do not address possible threats of 
terrorist attacks and aviation attacks in any meaningful way. (NCWARN-
2)
    NRC Response: The NRC disagrees with the comment. All operating 
reactors must be able to defend against the DBT, which considers 
terrorist attacks. The NRC conducts both routine security inspections 
and force-on-force exercises to ensure that the security plans at each 
plant are sufficient enough to successfully defend against the DBT. In 
addition, the NRC issued orders in 2002 to all operating reactors 
requiring them to implement measures to mitigate the effects of the 
loss of large areas of a plant caused by large fires and explosions. 
Those orders are currently being codified and once finalized will be 
requirements for new reactors as well. No changes were made to the 
policy statement as a result of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter states that it seems an untenable position 
by the Commission to recognize that ``advance reactors'' need to be 
made safer, more robust and effective, yet ignore the clear message it 
is sending the public on the lack of safety at the current reactors and 
proposed reactors. The commenter provided a list of attributes that he 
feels should be required for current reactors and proposed reactors 
that includes many of the items listed in the policy statement as 
appropriate for consideration for advanced reactors. (NCWARN-3)
    NRC Response: The NRC disagrees with the comment. The policy 
statement does not state that advanced reactor designs must be safer 
than the current generation of reactors, but rather that they must 
provide the same degree of protection of the environment and public 
health and safety and the common defense and security that is required 
for current-generation light-water reactors. The goal of the policy 
statement update is to encourage advanced reactor designers to consider 
safety and security in the early stages of design in order to identify 
potential design features and/or mitigative measures that provide a 
more robust and effective security posture with less reliance on 
operational programs. No changes were made to the policy statement as a 
result of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter believes that current reactors and proposed 
reactors need to have attributes similar to those noted in the policy 
statement for advanced reactors. In addition, the commenter believes 
that the Commission needs to guarantee that all current reactors meet 
these minimal safety requirements as a top priority, and then ensure 
that the designs for the proposed reactors meet these requirements 
prior to the issuance of any new reactor license. (NCWARN-4)
    NRC Response: The attributes listed in the policy statement are 
ones that the NRC believes should be considered during the design stage 
of advanced reactors. Although some of the attributes reflect those 
found in current requirements, not all of them are

[[Page 60615]]

requirements. The NRC believes that it would be impractical to force 
existing reactors to modify their designs to include all of the design 
attributes in the Advanced Reactor Policy Statement. Such changes would 
essentially result in those plants being completely redesigned. There 
is no need for such a drastic step, given that the NRC continues to 
believe that all currently operating reactors provide reasonable 
assurance of adequate protection. No changes were made to the policy 
statement as a result of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter states that none of the existing reactors 
are safe and secure and that advanced reactors can wait until present 
deficiencies are fixed and proposed reactors are made safe and secure. 
(NCWARN-5)
    NRC Response: The NRC believes that the existing fleet of nuclear 
power plants is safe and secure. The NRC also believes that advanced 
reactor designers should consider the expectations in the policy 
statement to ensure that security and emergency response are considered 
alongside safety during the early stages of plant design. The fact that 
such actions might reduce the need for operator actions or improve the 
overall risk profile for future plants does not mean that the existing 
operating plants are unsafe. No changes were made to the policy 
statement as a result of this comment.

D. Relationship to General Design Criteria (GDC)

    Comment: The commenter wants the agency to incorporate the 
`expectations' in the policy statement into the regulations as 
additional GDC. (UCS-1)
    NRC Response: The GDC establish minimum requirements for the 
principal design criteria for nuclear power plants. The goal of the 
policy statement is not to raise these minimum requirements, but rather 
to encourage advanced reactor designers to consider safety and security 
matters during the development of future reactor designs. No changes 
were made to the policy statement as a result of this comment.
    Comment: The commenter believes that the utility of the policy 
could be enhanced if the relationship of the attributes listed in the 
policy to the GDC of 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix A is provided. (Toshiba-
2)
    NRC Response: The NRC believes that the attributes identified in 
the policy statement should be used in conjunction with the GDC, other 
NRC regulations, and sound design practices to ensure that safety and 
security are appropriately considered in the design. The attributes do 
not necessarily correspond to any particular GDC or set of GDCs, and it 
is not clear what benefit would be obtained if the NRC were to now 
identify ``relationships'' between the design attributes and the GDC. 
No changes were made to the policy statement as a result of this 
comment.

E. Other Comments

    Comment: The commenter did not submit comments on the draft 
revision to the ARPS, but instead submitted information on a thorium 
reactor design. (TEN AB-1)
    NRC Response: The commenter did not address any topic of the draft 
revision to the policy statement, nor did the comment explain why it 
should include design information on a specific design concept. No 
changes were made to the policy statement as a result of this comment.

III. Final Policy Statement

    Consistent with its legislative mandate, the Commission's policy 
with respect to regulating nuclear power reactors is to ensure adequate 
protection of the environment and public health and safety and the 
common defense and security. Regarding advanced reactors, the 
Commission expects, as a minimum, at least the same degree of 
protection of the environment and public health and safety and the 
common defense and security that is required for current generation 
light-water reactors (LWRs).\1\ Furthermore, the Commission expects 
that advanced reactors will provide enhanced margins of safety and/or 
use simplified, inherent, passive, or other innovative means to 
accomplish their safety and security functions.
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    \1\ Current generation LWRs are those nuclear power plants 
licensed before 1997.
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    Among the attributes that could assist in establishing the 
acceptability or licensability of a proposed advanced reactor design, 
and therefore should be considered in advanced designs, are:
     Highly reliable and less complex shutdown and decay heat 
removal systems. The use of inherent or passive means to accomplish 
this objective is encouraged (negative temperature coefficient, natural 
circulation, etc.).
     Longer time constants and sufficient instrumentation to 
allow for more diagnosis and management before reaching safety systems 
challenge and/or exposure of vital equipment to adverse conditions.
     Simplified safety systems that, where possible, reduce 
required operator actions, equipment subjected to severe environmental 
conditions, and components needed for maintaining safe shutdown 
conditions. Such simplified systems should facilitate operator 
comprehension, reliable system function, and more straightforward 
engineering analysis.
     Designs that minimize the potential for severe accidents 
and their consequences by providing sufficient inherent safety, 
reliability, redundancy, diversity, and independence in safety systems, 
with an emphasis on minimizing the potential for accidents over 
minimizing the consequences of such accidents.
     Designs that provide reliable equipment in the balance of 
plant (BOP) (or safety-system independence from BOP) to reduce the 
number of challenges to safety systems.
     Designs that provide easily maintainable equipment and 
components.
     Designs that reduce potential radiation exposures to plant 
personnel.
     Designs that incorporate the defense-in-depth philosophy 
by maintaining multiple barriers against radiation release, and by 
reducing the potential for, and consequences of, severe accidents.
     Design features that can be proven by citation of existing 
technology, or that can be satisfactorily established by commitment to 
a suitable technology development program.
     Designs that include considerations for safety and 
security requirements together in the design process such that security 
issues (e.g., newly identified threats of terrorist attacks) can be 
effectively resolved through facility design and engineered security 
features, and formulation of mitigation measures, with reduced reliance 
on human actions.
     Designs with features to prevent a simultaneous loss of 
containment integrity (including situations where the containment is 
by-passed), and the ability to maintain core cooling as a result of an 
aircraft impact, or identification of system designs that would provide 
inherent delay in radiological releases (if prevention of release is 
not possible).
     Designs with features to prevent loss of spent fuel pool 
integrity as a result of an aircraft impact.
     Designs with features to eliminate or reduce the potential 
theft of nuclear materials.
     Designs that emphasize passive barriers to potential theft 
of nuclear materials.
    If specific advanced reactor designs with some or all of the 
previously mentioned attributes are brought to the NRC for comment and/
or evaluation, the Commission can develop preliminary design safety 
evaluation and licensing criteria for their safety-related and

[[Page 60616]]

security-related aspects. Incorporating the above attributes may 
promote more efficient and effective design reviews. However, the 
listing of a particular attribute does not necessarily mean that 
specific licensing criteria will attach to that attribute. Designs with 
some or all of these attributes are also likely to be more readily 
understood by the general public. Indeed, the number and nature of the 
regulatory requirements may depend on the extent to which an individual 
advanced reactor design incorporates general attributes such as those 
listed previously.
    In addition, the Commission expects that the safety features of 
these advanced reactor designs will be complemented by the operational 
program for Emergency Planning (EP). This EP operational program, in 
turn, must be demonstrated by inspections, tests, analyses, and 
acceptance criteria to ensure effective implementation of established 
measures. The Commission also expects that advanced reactor designs 
will comply with the Commission's safety goal policy statement (51 FR 
28044; August 4, 1986, as corrected and republished at 51 FR 30028; 
August 21, 1986), and the policy statement on conversion to the metric 
measurement system (61 FR 31169; June 19, 1996).
    To provide for more timely and effective regulation of advanced 
reactors, the Commission encourages the earliest possible interaction 
of applicants, vendors, other government agencies, and the NRC to 
provide for early identification of regulatory requirements for 
advanced reactors and to provide all interested parties, including the 
public, with a timely, independent assessment of the safety and 
security characteristics of advanced reactor designs. Such licensing 
interaction and guidance early in the design process will contribute 
towards minimizing complexity and adding stability and predictability 
in the licensing and regulation of advanced reactors.
    While the NRC does not develop new reactor designs, the Commission 
intends to develop the capability, when appropriate, for timely 
assessment and response to innovative and advanced reactor designs that 
might be presented for NRC review. Prior experience has shown that new 
reactor designs--even variations of established designs--may involve 
technical problems that must be solved to ensure adequate protection of 
the public health and safety. The earlier these design problems are 
identified, the earlier satisfactory resolution can be achieved. 
Prospective applicants are reminded that, while the NRC will undertake 
to review and comment on new design concepts, the applicants are 
responsible for documentation and research necessary to support a 
specific application. Research activities would include testing of new 
safety or security features that differ from existing designs for 
operating reactors, or that use simplified, inherent, passive means to 
accomplish their safety or security function. The testing shall ensure 
that these new features will perform as predicted, will provide for the 
collection of sufficient data to validate computer codes, and will show 
that the effects of system interactions are acceptable.
    During the initial phase of advanced reactor development, the 
Commission particularly encourages design innovations that enhance 
safety, reliability, and security (such as those described previously) 
and that generally depend on technology that is either proven or can be 
demonstrated by a straightforward technology development program. In 
the absence of a significant history of operating experience on an 
advanced concept reactor, plans for the innovative use of proven 
technology and/or new technology development programs should be 
presented to the NRC for review as early as possible, so that the NRC 
can assess how the proposed program might influence regulatory 
requirements.
    Finally, the NRC also believes that it will be in the interest of 
the public as well as the design vendors and the prospective license 
applicants to address security issues early in the design stage to 
achieve a more robust and effective security posture for future nuclear 
power reactors.

    Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 7th day of October 2008.

    For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Annette L. Vietti-Cook,
Secretary of the Commission.
 [FR Doc. E8-24268 Filed 10-10-08; 8:45 am]
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