[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 88 (Tuesday, May 6, 2008)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 25354-25395]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-9635]



[[Page 25353]]

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Part III





Department of the Interior





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Fish and Wildlife Services



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50 CFR Part 17



Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical 
Habitat for the Louisiana Black Bear (Ursus americanus luteolus); 
Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 6, 2008 / Proposed 
Rules  

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 17

[FWS-R4-ES-2008-0047; 92210-1117-0000-FY08-B4]
RIN 1018-AV52


Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of 
Critical Habitat for the Louisiana Black Bear (Ursus americanus 
luteolus)

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to 
designate critical habitat for the Louisiana black bear under the 
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). Concurrently, we 
withdraw our December 2, 1993, proposal for Louisiana black bear 
critical habitat (58 FR 63560). In total, approximately 1,330,000 acres 
(538,894 hectares (ha)) fall within the boundaries of this proposed 
critical habitat designation. The proposed critical habitat is located 
in Avoyelles, East Carroll, Catahoula, Concordia, Franklin, Iberia, 
Iberville, Madison, Pointe Coupee, Richland, St. Martin, St. Mary, 
Tensas, West Carroll, and West Feliciana Parishes, Louisiana.

DATES: We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before July 
7, 2008. We must receive requests for public hearings, in writing, at 
the address shown in the ADDRESSES section by June 20, 2008.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by one of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
     U.S. mail or hand-delivery: Public Comments Processing, 
Attn: FWS-R4-ES-2008-0047; Division of Policy and Directives 
Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, 
Suite 222; Arlington, VA 22203.
    We will not accept e-mail or faxes. We will post all comments on 
http://www.regulations.gov. This generally means that we will post any 
personal information you provide us (see the Public Comments section 
below for more information).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James Boggs, Field Supervisor, U.S. 
Fish and Wildlife Service, Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Office, 646 
Cajundome Boulevard, Suite 400, Lafayette, LA 70506; telephone 337-291-
3100; facsimile [337-291-3139]. If you use a telecommunications device 
for the deaf (TDD), call the Federal Information Relay Service (FIRS) 
at 800-877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Public Comments

    We intend that any final action resulting from this proposal will 
be as accurate and as effective as possible. Therefore, we request 
comments or suggestions on this proposed rule. We particularly seek 
comments concerning:
    (1) The reasons why we should or should not designate habitat as 
``critical habitat'' under section 4 of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et 
seq.), including whether there are threats to the species from human 
activity, the degree of which can be expected to increase due to the 
designation, and whether the benefit of designation would outweigh 
threats to the species caused by the designation, such that the 
designation of critical habitat is prudent.
    (2) Specific information on:
     The amount and distribution of Louisiana black bear 
habitat,
     What areas occupied at the time of listing that contain 
features essential for the conservation of the species we should 
include in the designation and why,
     What areas not occupied at the time of listing are 
essential to the conservation of the species and why, and
     Data or comments to assist us in more clearly defining and 
delineating critical habitat boundaries.
    (3) Land use designations and current or planned activities in the 
subject areas and their possible impacts on proposed critical habitat.
    (4) Any foreseeable economic, national security, or other relevant 
impacts resulting from the proposed designation, and, in particular, 
any impacts on small entities, and the benefits of including or 
excluding areas that exhibit these impacts.
    (5) Whether we could improve or modify our approach to designating 
critical habitat in any way to provide for greater public participation 
and understanding, or to better accommodate public concerns and 
comments.
    (6) Whether the benefits of exclusion of any particular area from 
critical habitat would outweigh the benefits of inclusion under section 
4(b)(2) of the Act, and more specifically, whether U.S. Department of 
Agriculture (USDA) Wetland Reserve Program permanent easements on 
privately owned lands provide sufficient protection and management to 
satisfy the criteria necessary for exclusion from critical habitat 
(i.e., the benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion).
    You may submit your comments and materials concerning this proposed 
rule by one of the methods listed in the ADDRESSES section. We will not 
consider comments sent by e-mail or fax or to an address not listed in 
the ADDRESSES section.
    If you submit a comment via http://www.regulations.gov, your entire 
comment--including any personal identifying information--will be posted 
on the Web site. If you submit a hardcopy comment that includes 
personal identifying information, you may request at the top of your 
document that we withhold this information from public review. However, 
we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so. We will post all 
hardcopy comments on http://www.regulations.gov.
    Comments and materials we receive, as well as supporting 
documentation we used in preparing this proposed rule, will be 
available for public inspection on http://www.regulations.gov, or by 
appointment, during normal business hours, at the U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Office (see FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT).

Background

    It is our intent to discuss only those topics directly relevant to 
the designation of critical habitat in this proposed rule. For more 
information on the threatened Louisiana black bear or its habitat, 
refer to the final listing rule published in the Federal Register on 
January 7, 1992 (57 FR 588), and to our 1995 final recovery plan, which 
is available online at http://www.regulations.gov or from the Louisiana 
Fish and Wildlife Office (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
    This proposal replaces our original critical habitat proposal for 
the Louisiana black bear published on December 2, 1993 (58 FR 63560). 
In that rule, we proposed three critical habitat units encompassing 
most of the Lower Mississippi River Valley in Louisiana: (1) Tensas 
River Basin (1,671,782 ac (676,546 ha)), a small portion of which was 
located in the State of Mississippi lying west of the Mississippi River 
Main channel; (2) Atchafalaya Floodway (978,279 ac (395,895 ha)); and 
(3) Lower Iberia-St. Mary Parish (364,770 ac (147,617 ha)). The total 
area within the proposed boundary was approximately 3 million acres 
(1,220,058 ha), of which approximately 1.25 million acres (505,857 ha) 
were estimated to contain the essential physical and biological 
features. There has been a significant amount of new information 
gathered

[[Page 25355]]

about this subspecies and its habitat since 1993. We are therefore 
withdrawing our original December 2, 1993, proposal to consider that 
new information and to comply with a September 5, 2007, order from the 
U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana (see Previous 
Federal Actions section).
    The Louisiana black bear is one of 16 subspecies of the American 
black bear (Ursus americanus). The black bear is a large, bulky mammal 
with long black hair and a short, well-haired tail. The facial profile 
is blunt, the eyes small, and the nose pad broad with large nostrils. 
There are five toes with short, curved claws on the front and hind 
feet. Although weight varies considerably throughout their range, adult 
male black bears can weigh more than 600 pounds (lbs) (272 kilograms 
(kg)); adult females generally weigh less than 300 lbs (136 kg) (Pelton 
1982, p. 504). The median estimated weights for male and female 
Louisiana black bears in north Louisiana were 292 lbs (133 kg) and 147 
lbs (67 kg) respectively (Weaver 1999, p. 26).
    Bear activity revolves primarily around the search for food, water, 
cover, and mates during the breeding season. Bears are best described 
as opportunistic feeders, as they eat almost anything that is 
available; thus, they are typically omnivorous (Pelton 1982, p. 504). 
Their diet varies seasonally and includes primarily succulent 
vegetation during spring, fruits and grains in summer, and hard mast 
(such as acorns and pecans) during fall (Weaver 1999, pp. 149, 157). 
Black bears utilize all levels of the forest for feeding; they can 
gather foods from tree tops and vines, but also grub in fallen logs for 
insects. The growth rate, maximum size, breeding age, litter size, and 
cub survival of black bears are all correlated with nutrition (Black 
Bear Conservation Committee (BBCC) 1997, p. 17).
    Home range sizes vary annually and seasonally (BBCC 2005, p. 11) 
and home range configuration appears to be influenced by available 
forest cover (Marchinton 1995, p. 48). Black bears do not truly 
hibernate, but go through a dormancy period termed ``carnivoran 
lethargy,'' which is a period of torpor which helps them survive food 
shortages and severe weather during the winter. In warmer climates, 
such as in Louisiana, bears can remain active all winter (Wagner 1995, 
pp. 24-25). Bears den in heavy cover or tree cavities during the winter 
months (Weaver 1999, p. 118) and den type may vary depending on the 
habitat. Cubs are born in winter dens at the end of January or the 
beginning of February (Weaver 1990, p. 5). Bears may enter dens between 
November and early January depending on latitude, available food, sex, 
age, and local weather conditions (Weaver 1990, p. 6). Adult females 
generally enter the den first, followed by subadults and adult males. 
At the end of the dormancy period, females with cubs are usually the 
last to leave the den. Adult male bears generally have home ranges 3 to 
8 times larger than adult females (Pelton 1982, p. 507) and have been 
observed to travel up to 35 miles (mi) (56 kilometers (km)) from their 
capture site (BBCC 2005, p. 11). Changes in food resources can provide 
the stimulus for extensive movements (Pelton 1982, p. 507). 
Additionally, older adult males exert social pressure on younger bears, 
especially during the spring and summer breeding season, forcing them 
to disperse to other areas (Pelton 1982, p. 507).
    Like other black bears, the Louisiana black bear is a habitat 
generalist. Large tracts of bottomland hardwood (BLH) forest 
communities having high species and age class diversity can provide for 
the black bear's life requisites (e.g., escape cover, denning sites, 
and hard and soft mast supplies) without intensive management (BBCC 
2005, p. 21). We use the term BLH forest community with no particular 
inference to hydrologic influence; we use this term to mean forests 
within southeastern United States floodplains which can consist of a 
number of woody species occupying positions of dominance and co-
dominance (BBCC 1997, p. 15). Other habitat types may be utilized, 
including marsh; upland forested areas; forested spoil areas along 
bayous, brackish marsh, and freshwater marsh; salt domes; and 
agricultural fields (Nyland 1995, p. 48; Weaver 1999, p. 157). Large 
cavity trees (especially cypress or tupelo gum) that are commonly found 
along water courses are important for denning.
    The Louisiana black bear was once a common inhabitant of forested 
areas in east Texas, Louisiana, and southern Mississippi (BBCC 1997, p. 
10). Bear densities were likely highest within BLH and oak-hickory 
forest communities where hard mast production was greater than in other 
habitats (BBCC 1997, p. 12). While Hall included the southernmost 
counties in Arkansas as part of the historic range (1981, p. 950), 
there were no data to support doing so at the time of listing; 
accordingly, Arkansas is not considered part of the listed range 
(January 7, 1992; 57 FR 588).
    The Louisiana black bear was listed as threatened under the Act on 
January 7, 1992 (57 FR 588), due to extensive habitat loss and 
modification, as well as the ongoing threats of continued habitat 
modification and human-related mortality. More than 80 percent of 
suitable Louisiana black bear habitat had been lost by the time of 
listing (1992) primarily due to clearing land for agriculture (Weaver 
1990, p. 1); the remaining habitat quality had been reduced by 
fragmentation and human activities. At that time, Louisiana black bears 
were generally known to occur in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial 
Valley BLH forest communities of the Tensas River Basin of northeastern 
Louisiana and the Atchafalaya River Basin in central and southern 
Louisiana (Weaver 1990, p. 2; BBCC, 1997, p. 12); however, occupied 
habitat had not been definitively delineated. Those forest communities 
were likely sites for population persistence due to their remoteness 
and habitat productivity (BBCC 1997, p. 13). All known breeding 
populations were believed to be demographically isolated at the time of 
listing (BBCC 1997, p. 10). Bears had been occasionally reported in 
Louisiana outside of these areas, but it was unknown if those bears 
were reproducing females or only wandering subadults and adult males. 
Black bears were also known to exist in Mississippi along the 
Mississippi River (Weaver 1990, p. 2) and smaller areas in the lower 
East Pearl River and lower Pascagoula River basins of southern 
Mississippi (Weaver 1990, p. 2). The last native breeding group in 
Mississippi was last documented about 1980 (Nowak 1986, p. 7). Except 
for wanderers, the bear has not appeared in eastern Texas for many 
years (Nowak 1986, p. 7).
    We use the term ``breeding habitat'' for the Louisiana black bear 
to indicate areas with physical evidence of reproduction (young, 
females with young, or lactating females). Louisiana black bear 
resource managers and biologists commonly refer to such areas as 
occupied habitat (USFWS 1995, p. 2; BBCC 1997, p. 72); however, we will 
use the term ``occupied habitat'' to indicate the subspecies' presence 
in an area at the time of listing. In contrast to sightings of adults 
without reproductive information, reproduction is considered evidence 
of a resident bear population. Dispersal by female black bears is 
uncommon and typically is of a short distance (Rogers 1987, p. 43). 
Male black bear home ranges usually encompass several female home 
ranges (Rogers 1987, p. 19). For instance, in the Tensas population, 
most male Louisiana black bear home ranges (95 percent minimum convex 
polygon (MCP)) were observed to include numerous female

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home ranges (Weaver 1999, p. 74 and p. 308, Figure E-5). Therefore, 
while breeding habitat does not necessarily include all areas where 
individual bears may occur, it does encompass the areas known to 
support resident, reproducing populations. Clark et al. (2005, p. 246) 
used a similar method to update black bear distribution maps for the 
southeastern United States. Clark (1999, p. 105) states researchers and 
managers should focus on the population parameters of greatest 
consequence to population growth. Adult female survival is the most 
influential factor affecting black bear population growth (Clark 1999, 
pp. 103-105). Hellgren and Vaughan (1994, p. 283) conclude that managed 
female survival is a critical conservation need. The Black Bear 
Conservation Committee's (BBCC) restoration plan identified breeding 
habitats (as defined above) as those areas where essential management 
and restoration activities for the Louisiana black bear must be focused 
(BBCC 1997, p. 4).
    Currently, Louisiana black bear breeding populations are 
predominantly restricted to three disjunct core (concentrated) 
populations, the Tensas, and the Upper Atchafalaya, and the Lower 
Atchafalaya River Basins, Louisiana. A fourth additional, newly 
forming, repatriation core population occurs in east-central Louisiana, 
in the vicinity of the Red River and Three Rivers Wildlife Management 
Areas (WMA), and Lake Ophelia National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). The 
Tensas River Basin (Tensas) breeding population occurs on a complex of 
BLH forests comprised of Tensas River NWR, adjacent Big Lake WMA, and 
four nearby small, relatively isolated, forested tracts formerly owned 
by Deltic Timber Corporation (now owned by Epps Plantation) in Tensas, 
Madison, Franklin, East Carroll, and Richland Parishes in Louisiana. 
The Deltic tracts support one of the highest densities of black bears 
reported for the southeastern coastal plain (Beausoleil 1999, p. 80). 
The Deltic tracts are approximately 14 mi (23.5 km) north of the Tensas 
River NWR; their closest areas are separated by only 2.5 mi (4 km) and 
by U.S. Interstate 20 (I-20). Historically, Louisiana black bears 
inhabiting the Tensas River NWR group have generally been considered a 
separate group of bears from those inhabiting the Deltic tracts. Only 
one instance of a bear moving between these two areas has been 
documented (Anderson 1997, p. 70). Though the two subgroups are 
separated by I-20 and U.S. Highway 80, a significant amount of habitat 
between those subgroups has been restored primarily within the last 10 
years. Increased sightings and vehicular mortality of bears in the 
vicinity of I-20 indicate that bears are attempting to disperse (Benson 
2005, p. 97). The 6 bear mortalities documented on I-20 in 2004 and the 
continuing regular occurrence of mortalities, versus the total of 5 
mortalities in the previous 10 years indicate that bears are moving 
between these previously isolated populations (LDWF 2007, p. 20) and 
that the two subgroups have likely begun to function as one population.
    Two Louisiana black bear populations are located in the Atchafalaya 
River Basin (BBCC 1997, p. 10). The Upper Atchafalaya River Basin 
population (Upper Atchafalaya) is located primarily within the Morganza 
Floodway and the forested areas between that Floodway and False River 
in Pointe Coupee Parish in Louisiana, and is approximately 110 mi (177 
km) south of the Tensas population. Much of the land between these two 
populations has been cleared for agricultural use. The Lower 
Atchafalaya River Basin population (Lower Atchafalaya) is found 
primarily south of U.S. Highway 90 (Hwy. 90) and west of the lower 
Atchafalaya River and Delta, in the coastal area of St. Mary and Iberia 
Parishes. It is located approximately 70 mi (113 km) south of the Upper 
Atchafalaya population and is separated from that population by U.S. 
Interstate 10, Hwy. 90, the Atchafalaya River, Bayou Teche, 
agricultural lands, developed areas, and permanently and seasonally 
inundated portions of the Atchafalaya River Basin, which is not 
currently believed to contain breeding bears due to the flooding 
regime. Population expansion in the coastal area is limited by 
development along Hwy. 90 to the north, and by the surrounding coastal 
marsh, which is believed to be unsuitable for sustaining bear 
populations.
    A fourth breeding population has been recently established in 
Avoyelles and Concordia Parishes, Louisiana, near the confluence of the 
Mississippi and Red Rivers, an area containing approximately 100,000 ac 
(40,469 ha) of publicly owned, forested land. This area is separated 
from the Tensas and the Upper Atchafalaya populations primarily by 
agricultural lands. As the result of a multi-agency repatriation 
project, 36 adult females and 82 cubs have been relocated to public 
lands in this area between 2001 and 2007, to reduce demographic 
isolation of existing populations (LDWF 2007, p. 15). This project was 
developed on the assumption that relocated females would remain at the 
new location and would be discovered by males traveling through the 
area. Natural reproduction of those bears was first documented in 2005, 
and reproduction has since been documented in 5 litters (LDWF 2006, p. 
1), resulting in an additional breeding population in Louisiana.
    Louisiana black bear reproduction was speculated to occur in 
Mississippi at the time of listing (1992) (Stinson 1996, p. 15), but 
was not confirmed until 2005 when a radio-collared female, moved as 
part of a reintroduction project in Louisiana, crossed into Mississippi 
and had cubs (Telesco 2006, p. 12). Breeding has been subsequently 
documented for several additional individuals, but to date no core 
breeding populations are known to exist, and it is generally believed 
that the majority of bears in Mississippi are males that have dispersed 
from populations in other States (Young 2006, p. 14). The Texas Parks 
and Wildlife Department has also documented black bear sightings in 
eastern Texas in the last 7 years, though there are currently no known 
Louisiana black bear breeding populations in eastern Texas (TPWD 2005, 
p. 3). It is probable that most of those bears are juvenile or subadult 
males that have roamed into the area from expanding bear populations in 
Arkansas and Oklahoma (TPWD 2005, p. 7). Clark et al. (2005, p. 250, 
Figure 1) indicated the presence of a small breeding population with a 
few individuals crossing between Louisiana and Arkansas. This is likely 
the result of a black bear reintroduction project in Arkansas where 
female bears, reintroduced onto Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge in 
Arkansas, have moved south into Louisiana (LDWF 2007, p. 1).
    In 1997, the Statewide Louisiana black bear population was 
estimated to range from 200 to 400 bears (Pelton and Van Manen 1997, p. 
38). No reliable overall Louisiana black bear population estimate 
currently exists; however, estimates have been developed for specific 
geographic areas. Estimates for the Tensas River NWR population range 
from 119 to 131 bears (Boerson et al. 2003, p. 203) and, for the nearby 
Deltic tracts, from 34 to 47 bears (Beausoleil 1999, p. 51). The Upper 
Atchafalaya population was estimated to range from 68 to 86 bears and, 
for the Lower Atchafalaya, from 28 to 47 bears (Triant et al. 2004, p. 
653), but these may be underestimates of the actual population numbers 
(Triant et al. 2004, p. 655). There are no population estimates for the 
repatriation population; however, a total of 36 females and 82 cubs 
have been moved to this area. Most studies of the Louisiana black bear 
have been

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conducted in these core breeding habitat areas and therefore probably 
small, but unknown, numbers of bears occurring outside those areas are 
not included in population estimates. Population estimates for 
Louisiana black bears at the time of listing appear to be lower than 
what recent research would indicate, and there is circumstantial 
evidence that the population is growing (LDWF 2007, p. 22).

Previous Federal Actions

    We listed the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) as 
threatened under the Act on January 7, 1992 (57 FR 588). Other free-
living bears of the species U. americanus within the same range 
specified in that rule were designated as threatened by similarity of 
appearance. In our final rule listing this subspecies, we determined 
that normal forest management activities supporting a sustained yield 
of timber products and wildlife habitats were compatible with Louisiana 
black bear's needs. Accordingly, we promulgated a special rule at 50 
CFR 17.40(i) exempting the effects incidental to normal forest 
management activities within the subspecies' historic range, except for 
activities causing damage to or loss of den trees, den tree sites, or 
candidate den trees (57 FR 588). For the purposes of that exemption, 
normal forest management activities were those activities that support 
a sustained yield of timber products and wildlife habitats, thereby 
maintaining forestland conditions in occupied (i.e., breeding) habitat. 
Research has supported this decision. In fact, in some cases, such as 
leaving downed tree tops and creating openings, timber management can 
provide or enhance black bear habitat (Weaver 1999, pp. 126-128; 
Hightower et al. 2002, p. 14; Weaver et al. 1990, p. 344; Lindsey and 
Meslow 1977, p. 424). Therefore, we do not propose changing the special 
rule at 50 CFR 17.40(i) as part of the critical habitat designation.
    Designation of critical habitat was found to be not determinable at 
the time of listing. We proposed critical habitat for the Louisiana 
black bear on December 2, 1993 (58 FR 63560). That proposal had a 90-
day comment period, ending March 2, 1994. We then reopened the public 
comment period from March 7, 1994 (59 FR 10607) through April 4, 1994. 
During that reopened comment period, we held a public hearing in New 
Iberia, Louisiana, on March 23, 1994. On April 1, 1994, we extended the 
reopened comment period through May 25, 1994, and announced two more 
public hearings (May 10, 1994, in West Monroe, Louisiana, and May 11, 
1994, New Iberia, Louisiana) (59 FR 15366). We never published a final 
rule designating critical habitat. On September 6, 2005, Mr. Harold 
Schoeffler and Louisiana Crawfish Producers Association--West filed 
suit in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana 
(Civil Action No. CV05-1573 (W.D. La.)) regarding the Service's failure 
to designate critical habitat for the Louisiana black bear.
    On June 25, 2007, the District Court ordered the Service to 
withdraw the December 2, 1993, proposed critical habitat rule and 
create a new proposed critical habitat designation by no later than 4 
months from the date of the judgment and to publish a final designation 
by no later than 8 months from the date of the proposed or new rule. On 
September 5, 2007, following a settlement agreement, the Court revised 
its order to require the Service to: (1) Withdraw the December 2, 1993, 
proposed rule and submit a prudency determination and, if prudent, a 
new proposed critical habitat designation to the Federal Register by 
April 26, 2008; and (2) submit a final critical habitat determination, 
if applicable, to the Federal Register by February 26, 2009. This 
publication is: (1) Our withdrawal of the 1993 proposal; (2) our new 
prudency determination; and (3) our proposed rule to designate critical 
habitat for the Louisiana black bear in accordance with section 4(b)(2) 
of the Act. For more information on previous Federal actions concerning 
the Louisiana black bear, refer to the proposed critical habitat rule 
published on December 2, 1993 (58 FR 63560).

Critical Habitat

    Critical habitat is defined in section 3(5)(A) of the Act as:
    (1) The specific areas within the geographical area occupied by a 
species, at the time it is listed in accordance with the Act, on which 
are found those physical or biological features
    (a) Essential to the conservation of the species and
    (b) Which may require special management considerations or 
protection; and
    (2) Specific areas outside the geographical area occupied by a 
species at the time it is listed, upon a determination that such areas 
are essential for the conservation of the species.
    Conservation, as defined under section 3 of the Act, means the use 
of all methods and procedures that are necessary to bring any 
endangered species or threatened species to the point at which the 
measures provided under the Act are no longer necessary.
    Critical habitat receives protection under section 7 of the Act 
through the prohibition against Federal agencies carrying out, funding, 
or authorizing the destruction or adverse modification of critical 
habitat. Section 7 of the Act requires consultation on Federal actions 
that may affect critical habitat. The designation of critical habitat 
does not affect land ownership or establish a refuge, wilderness, 
reserve, preserve, or other conservation area. Such designation does 
not allow the government or public to access private lands. Such 
designation does not require implementation of restoration, recovery, 
or enhancement measures by the landowner. Where the landowner seeks or 
requests Federal agency funding or authorization that may affect a 
listed species or critical habitat, the consultation requirements of 
section 7 of the Act would apply, but even in the event of a 
destruction or adverse modification finding, the landowner's obligation 
is not to restore or recover the species, but to implement reasonable 
and prudent alternatives to avoid destruction or adverse modification 
of critical habitat.
    For inclusion in a critical habitat designation, habitat within the 
geographical area occupied by the species at the time it was listed 
must contain features that are essential to the conservation of the 
species. Critical habitat designations identify, to the extent known 
using the best scientific data available, habitat areas that provide 
essential life cycle needs of the species (areas on which are found the 
primary constituent elements, as defined at 50 CFR 424.12(b)).
    Occupied habitat that contains the features essential to the 
conservation of the species meets the definition of critical habitat 
only if those features may require special management considerations or 
protection.
    Under the Act, we can designate unoccupied areas as critical 
habitat only when we determine that the best available scientific data 
demonstrate that the designation of that area is essential to the 
conservation needs of the species.
    Section 4 of the Act requires that we designate critical habitat on 
the basis of the best scientific and commercial data available. 
Further, our Policy on Information Standards Under the Endangered 
Species Act (published in the Federal Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 
34271)), the Information Quality Act (section 515 of the Treasury and 
General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 
106-554; H.R. 5658)), and our associated Information Quality Guidelines 
provide criteria,

[[Page 25358]]

establish procedures, and provide guidance to ensure that our decisions 
represent the best scientific data available. They require our 
biologists, to the extent consistent with the Act and with the use of 
the best scientific data available, to use primary and original sources 
of information as the basis for recommendations to designate critical 
habitat.
    When we are determining which areas should be proposed as critical 
habitat, our primary source of information is generally the information 
developed during the listing process for the species. Additional 
information sources may include the recovery plan for the species, 
articles in peer-reviewed journals, conservation plans developed by 
States and counties, scientific status surveys and studies, biological 
assessments, or other unpublished materials and expert opinion or 
personal knowledge.
    Habitat is often dynamic, and species may move from one area to 
another over time. Furthermore, we recognize that designation of 
critical habitat may not include all of the habitat areas that we may 
eventually determine, based on scientific data not now available to the 
Service, are necessary for the recovery of the species. For these 
reasons, a critical habitat designation does not signal that habitat 
outside the designated area is unimportant or may not be required for 
recovery of the species.
    Areas that support populations, but are outside the critical 
habitat designation, will continue to be subject to conservation 
actions we implement under section 7(a)(1) of the Act and our other 
wildlife authorities. They are also subject to the regulatory 
protections afforded by the section 7(a)(2) jeopardy standard, as 
determined on the basis of the best available scientific information at 
the time of the agency action. Federally funded or permitted projects 
affecting listed species outside their designated critical habitat 
areas may result in jeopardy findings in some cases. Similarly, 
critical habitat designations made on the basis of the best available 
information at the time of designation will not control the direction 
and substance of future recovery plans, habitat conservation plans 
(HCPs), or other species conservation planning efforts if new 
information available to these planning efforts calls for a different 
outcome.

Prudency Determination

    Section 4(a)(3) of the Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 
424.12) require that, to the maximum extent prudent and determinable, 
we designate critical habitat at the time a species is listed as 
endangered or threatened. Our regulations at 50 CFR 424.12(a)(1) state 
that the designation of critical habitat is not prudent when one or 
both of the following situations exist: (1) The species is threatened 
by taking or other activity and the identification of critical habitat 
can be expected to increase the degree of threat to the species; or (2) 
the designation of critical habitat would not be beneficial to the 
species. In our January 7, 1992, final rule (57 FR 588) we determined 
that designating critical habitat may be prudent, but was not 
determinable at that time. We subsequently proposed critical habitat 
for the Louisiana black bear on December 2, 1993 (58 FR 63560); 
however, we did not explicitly state in our proposed rule that such 
designation was prudent.
    The Louisiana black bear was listed as threatened under the Act on 
January 7, 1992 (57 FR 588), due to extensive habitat loss and 
modification, and the ongoing threats of continued habitat modification 
and human-related mortality. The majority of area lands within the 
Louisiana black bear's historic range are privately owned. Some of 
those lands remain forested; however, most have been cleared for other 
uses such as agriculture. Conservation of the Louisiana black bear will 
require habitat protection and restoration and, therefore, is dependent 
upon the voluntary protection and restoration of privately owned lands.
    Significant progress has been made in habitat restoration for the 
Louisiana black bear. Habitat and management actions voluntarily taken 
by private landowners are one important component of those restoration 
activities. Over 55,000 ac (22,250 ha) of private lands have been 
enrolled in the Natural Resource Conservation Service's Wetland Reserve 
Program (WRP) which has benefited Louisiana black bear conservation 
since 1992. WRP provides an incentive for private landowners to convert 
non-productive farmland back to bottomland hardwoods, and many of these 
lands received higher rankings (when evaluated for enrollment) because 
of their benefit to Louisiana black bear conservation. Landowners 
enrolling in the WRP sign permanent easements protecting the restored 
land from future conversion or development. Designation of critical 
habitat on private lands may significantly reduce the likelihood that 
landowners will support and carry out conservation actions. Many 
landowners fear a decline in their property value due to real or 
perceived restrictions on land-use options where threatened or 
endangered species are found. Consequently, harboring endangered 
species is viewed by many landowners as a liability. This perception 
results in anti-conservation incentives, because maintaining habitats 
that harbor endangered species represents a risk to future economic 
opportunities. This response was observed during the 1993-1994 
Louisiana black bear critical habitat proposal process, when the 
majority of comments received were in opposition to designation, and 
several landowners who had previously allowed black bear research 
activities on their lands subsequently denied access to researchers and 
agency personnel.
    Thus, there is potential, as a result of critical habitat 
designation, for a decline in WRP enrollment within Louisiana black 
bear habitat and restricted access to private lands for research; 
however, we will continue to work with Federal and State agencies, 
private organizations, and individuals in carrying out conservation 
activities for the Louisiana black bear, including habitat restoration, 
population surveys, and population restoration. Furthermore, the 
identification of areas that are necessary to ensure the conservation 
of the species is beneficial and critical habitat designation may 
provide additional information to individuals, local and State 
governments, and other entities engaged in long-range planning, since 
areas with features essential to the conservation of the species are 
clearly delineated and, to the extent currently feasible, the physical 
and biological features of the habitat necessary to the survival of 
this subspecies are specifically identified. This process is valuable 
to land owners and managers in developing conservation management plans 
for identified areas, as well as any other occupied habitat or suitable 
habitat that may not have been included in the Service's designation of 
critical habitat.
    The additional threat, identified in the final rule listing the 
subspecies (57 FR 588), of illegal killing of Louisiana black bears 
remains an ongoing threat; however, such takings are believed to be 
opportunistic or in response to black bear nuisance activities. In the 
case of large mammals, such as the Louisiana black bear, population 
locations are already generally known and we do not expect 
identification of critical habitat to increase the degree of this 
threat.
    Accordingly, we determine that designation of critical habitat will 
not increase the degree of threat to the species and will be beneficial 
for the Louisiana black bear; therefore, we determine that designation 
of critical habitat is prudent for this subspecies. At

[[Page 25359]]

this time, we have sufficient information necessary to identify 
specific areas that meet the definition of critical habitat and as 
such, believe the critical habitat is also determinable. Therefore, we 
are proposing critical habitat for the Louisiana black bear.

Methods

    As required by section 4(b) of the Act, we used the best scientific 
data available in determining areas occupied at the time of listing 
that contain features essential to the conservation of the Louisiana 
black bear, and areas unoccupied at the time of listing that are 
essential for the conservation of the Louisiana black bear, or both. We 
are not currently proposing any areas outside the geographical area 
presently occupied by the subspecies because the occupied areas being 
proposed are sufficient for the conservation of the subspecies.
    We have also reviewed available information that pertains to the 
habitat requirements of this subspecies. After reviewing pertinent 
material, we consider it likely that the Louisiana subspecies is not 
significantly different from other black bears, because it is a habitat 
generalist. Material reviewed for the development of this critical 
habitat proposal included information from the January 7, 1992 (57 FR 
588), final rule listing the Louisiana black bear as threatened; the 
December 2, 1993 (58 FR 63560) proposed rule to designate critical 
habitat; information and survey observations published in peer-reviewed 
literature, academic theses, and agency reports; location data and 
survey information provided in agency reports and maps; habitat 
analyses and other information provided in the 1995 Louisiana Black 
Bear Recovery Plan and the complementary BBCC Black Bear Restoration 
Plan (1997); and material submitted during consultations under section 
7 of the Act.
    The following geospatial and tabular data sets were used in 
preparing this proposed critical habitat: Occurrence data for the 
Louisiana black bear (Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, 
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Louisiana State University, and the 
University of Tennessee); 1998, 2004, and 2005 that is 1:24,000 digital 
raster and digital orthophoto quarter-quadrangles (DOQQ); and 1:24,000 
scale digital raster graphics (DRG) of the U.S. Geological Survey 
(USGS) topographic quadrangles. Habitat data was determined from the 
2001 grid (raster) National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) developed by The 
Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC is a 
group of Federal agencies who develop datasets used to track regional 
and global changes in land cover and land use, including such essential 
categories as forest and grassland cover. The MRLC consortium is 
specifically designed to meet the current needs of Federal agencies for 
nationally consistent satellite remote sensing and land-cover data. We 
transformed the digital raster data to a vector format in order to 
obtain the most accurate area estimates of critical habitat when 
overlaid onto the critical habitat boundaries of lands containing 
features essential to the conservation of the subspecies. Land 
ownership was determined from geospatial data sets developed by the 
Service's Southeast Region Realty Division and the Louisiana State 
Lands Office.
    We obtained additional information through personal communications 
with biologists, scientists, and land managers familiar with the 
Louisiana black bear and its habitat, including individuals affiliated 
with the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), the 
Service, the BBCC, Louisiana State University, and the University of 
Tennessee. Specific information from these sources included estimates 
of historic and current distribution, abundance, and home range sizes, 
as well as data on resources and habitat requirements.
    To delineate areas currently used by breeding populations, we 
acquired all available raw telemetry data (i.e., telemetry points) from 
those above-referenced sources (recognizing the geographic limits of 
existing data in that they were collected from areas within known 
Louisiana black bear populations). Those telemetry points were buffered 
with average adult female home range sizes (as determined from 
published research) and were coalesced into polygons for each Louisiana 
black bear population. Those polygons were further refined based on 
habitat presence (as determined from DOQQs), contiguity of suitable 
habitat, proximity to non-contiguous suitable habitat, direct evidence 
of bear use, habitat patch size, and significant landscape features. We 
determined proposed critical habitat to be all areas within those 
polygons, except for those tracts that do not contain the physical and 
biological features essential to the conservation of the subspecies. We 
used telemetry data (where available), and DOQQs and DRGs to delineate 
habitat corridors. Areas proposed as critical habitat include areas 
that contain the physical and biological features essential to the 
conservation of the subspecies and either: (1) Currently support a 
breeding population of Louisiana black bears; or (2) function as 
corridors to maintain movement between core populations.

Primary Constituent Elements

    In accordance with section 3(5)(A)(i) of the Act and the 
regulations at 50 CFR 424.12, in determining which areas occupied at 
the time of listing to propose as critical habitat, we consider the 
physical and biological features (PBFs) that are essential to the 
conservation of the species to be the specific primary constituent 
elements (PCEs) laid out in the appropriate quantity and spatial 
arrangement for the conservation of the species. These include, but are 
not limited to:
    (1) Space for individual and population growth and for normal 
behavior;
    (2) Food, water, air, light, minerals, or other nutritional or 
physiological requirements;
    (3) Cover or shelter;
    (4) Sites for breeding, reproduction, or rearing (or development) 
of offspring; and
    (5) Habitats that are protected from disturbance or are 
representative of the historic, geographical, and ecological 
distributions of a species.
    We derive the specific primary constituent elements (PCEs) for the 
Louisiana black bear from its biological needs.

Space for Individual and Population Growth and Normal Behavior

    Louisiana black bear populations are currently found in the BLH 
forest communities and associated habitat of the Lower Mississippi 
River Alluvial Valley. Prime black bear habitat is characterized by 
relatively inaccessible terrain, thick understory vegetation, and 
abundant food sources in the forms of shrubs or tree-borne soft or hard 
mast (Pelton 1982, p. 507). BLH forest community types in the range of 
the Louisiana black bear, expressed in terms of dominance-codominance, 
include Taxodium distichum (bald cypress); T. distichum-Nyssa aquatica 
(bald cypress-water tupelo); Betula nigra-Platanus occidentalis (river 
birch-American sycamore); Populus deltoides (cottonwood); Celtis 
laevigata-Ulmus americana-Fraxinus pennsylvanica (sugarberry-American 
elm-green ash); Quercus nuttallii-U. americana-F. pennsylvanica 
(Nuttall oak-American elm-green ash); Q.lyrata-Carya aquatica (overcup 
oak-water hickory) Liquidambar styraciflua-Q. nigra (sweetgum-water 
oak); and Q. michauxii-Q. falcata (swamp chestnut oak-cherrybark oak) 
(BBCC 1997, p. 15).

[[Page 25360]]

Benson (2005, p. 56, Table 4.1) described habitat types in terms of 
species, flooding regime, and age as: (1) Upland forests--BLH forests 
in relatively high elevation sites not subject to frequent flooding; 
and (2) lowland forest--BLH forests in relatively low elevations 
subject to seasonal or annual flooding. Louisiana black bear habitat in 
the Lower Atchafalaya population differs from the Tensas and Upper 
Atchafalaya areas in that it includes, in addition to forested wetlands 
(e.g., deciduous forests, cypress forests, deciduous and bald cypress 
forests, shrub-scrub marshes), open marshes, deciduous forest spoil 
banks, and upland hardwood forest (Nyland 1995, p. 58). The 
interspersion of these communities may be important in meeting the 
seasonal needs of the Lower Atchafalaya Louisiana black bear population 
(Nyland 1995, p. 58). The coastal (or wetland) habitats may provide 
escape cover, food sources, and secure travel corridors between other 
habitat types (Jones and Pelton 2003, p. 193).
    The minimum size of an area necessary for black bears may differ 
depending on density, habitat quality, conservation goals, and 
assumptions regarding minimum viable populations (Rudis and Tansey 
1995, p. 172). For example, Rudis and Tansey (1995, p. 172), citing 
personal communications, reported estimates of minimal areas needed to 
support a black bear population ranging from 79,000 ac (32,000 ha) in 
forested wetlands to 80,000 ac (197,700 ha) in upland forests. Cox et 
al. (1994, p. 50) estimated that a population of 200 or more bears 
could require a habitat base of approximately 490,000 to 980,000 ac 
(198,000 to 397,000 ha). Maintaining and enhancing key habitat patches 
within breeding habitat is a critical conservation strategy for black 
bears (Hellgren and Vaughan 1994, p. 276). Areas should be large enough 
to maintain female survival rates above the minimum rate necessary to 
sustain a population (Hellgren and Vaughan 1994, p. 280). Weaver (1999, 
pp. 105-106) documented that bear home ranges and movements were 
centered in forested habitat and noted that actions to conserve, 
enhance, and restore that habitat would promote population recovery, 
although no recommendations on minimum requirements were provided. 
Hellgren and Vaughn (1994, p. 283) concluded that large, contiguous 
forests are a critical conservation need for black bears.
    One approach to assess Louisiana black bear habitat needs is to 
look at existing densities; however, density estimates should be used 
with caution as they can be influenced by population estimation 
methodology and study area delineation. No single area-density 
relationship has been developed for Louisiana black bears; however, 
density estimates have been developed for Louisiana black bears in two 
locations. Bear density for the Tensas River NWR subgroup was estimated 
to be 1 bear per 686 ac (0.36 per km\2\). This is low compared to other 
southeastern populations and to the adjacent Deltic subgroup with a 
density of 1 bear per 173 ac (1.43 per km\2\) (Boersen et al. 2003, p. 
204). The unusually high densities observed on the Deltic tracts may be 
the result of the small size of the habitat fragments and accessibility 
to adjacent desirable agricultural crops (Boersen et al. 2003, p. 204).
    Another approach to assess Louisiana black bear habitat 
requirements is to examine bear movements and home ranges. The home 
ranges of Louisiana black bears appear to be closely linked to forest 
cover (Marchinton 1995, p. 48). Female range size may be partly 
determined by habitat quality (Amstrup and Beecham 1976, p. 345), while 
male home range size may be determined by efficient monitoring of a 
maximum number of females (Rogers 1987, p. 19). Male black bears 
commonly disperse, and adult male bears can be wide-ranging with home 
ranges generally three to eight times larger than adult females (Pelton 
1982, p. 507) and that may encompass several female home ranges (Rogers 
1987, p. 19). Dispersal by female black bears is uncommon and typically 
is a short distance (Rogers 1987, p. 43). Females without cubs 
generally had larger home ranges than females with newborn cubs (Benson 
2005, p. 46), although this difference was observed to vary seasonally, 
with movements more restricted in the spring (Weaver 1999, p. 99). 
Following separation of the mother and yearling offspring, young female 
black bears commonly establish a home range partially within or 
adjacent to their mother's home range (Rogers 1987, p. 39). Young 
males, however, generally disperse from their maternal home range. 
Limited information suggests that subadult males may disperse up to 124 
mi (200 km) (BBCC 1997, p. 22).
    Home range estimates vary for the Louisiana black bear. Mean median 
MCP home range estimates for the Tensas River NWR population were 
35,736 ac (14,462 ha) and 5,550 ac (2,426 ha) for males and females, 
respectively (Weaver 1999, p. 70). Male home ranges (MCP) in the Upper 
Atchafalaya population may be as high as 80,000 ac (32,375 ha), while 
female home ranges are approximately 8,000 ac (3,237 ha) (Wagner 1995, 
p. 12). Lower Atchafalaya population home ranges (MCP) were estimated 
to be 10,477 ac (4,200 ha) for males, and 3,781 ac (1,530 ha) for 
females (Wagner 1995, p. 12). The smaller home ranges of Lower 
Atchafalaya bears when compared to Upper Atchafalaya bears may be due 
to superior habitat quality in the coastal area (Wagner 1995, p. 25). 
Louisiana black bears located on the Deltic lands in the Tensas River 
population have very small home ranges compared to other black bear 
populations with an estimated average home range (MCP) for males of 
1,729 ac (700 ha) and for females 1,038 ac (420 ha) (Beausoleil 1999, 
p. 57). The smaller home ranges for this population are believed to be 
a result of the bears' reliance on the surrounding agricultural crops 
for forage (Benson 2005, p. 95) and the overall higher quality of the 
forested habitat (Weaver 1999, pp. 90-91). Based on observations of the 
Deltic populations, Benson (2005, p. 95) suggested that it may be 
possible for a relatively large number of bears to require less space 
and persist in limited forest habitat if food is sufficiently abundant 
and diverse.
    Habitat loss, besides reducing the overall area, can result in 
fragmentation or isolation of habitat, as is evident for the Louisiana 
black bear (Clark 1999, p. 107). Habitat fragmentation can restrict 
bear movements both within and between populations (BBCC 1997, p. 23). 
This can result in increased mortality as bears are forced to forage on 
less protected sites, travel farther to forage, or cross barriers such 
as roads (Pelton 1982, p. 507; Hellgren and Maehr 1992, pp. 154, 155, 
156). Open areas, roads, large waterways, development, and large 
expanses of agricultural land may affect habitat contiguity. Such 
features tend to impede the movement of bears (Clark 1999, p. 107). 
Habitat fragmentation also limits the potential for the present 
Louisiana black bear population to expand its current breeding range 
(USFWS 1995, p. 8). Habitat fragmentation can create barriers to 
immigration and emigration that can affect population demographics and 
genetic integrity (Clark et al. 2006, p. 12). Bear populations in a 
relatively large habitat patch are not ensured of long-term survival 
without recolonization by bears from adjacent patches (Clark 1999, p. 
111). The long term protection of habitat and interconnecting corridors 
or habitat linkages between viable breeding populations is one of the 
recovery

[[Page 25361]]

criteria for the Louisiana black bear (USFWS 1995, p. 14).
    Habitat linkages or corridors providing vegetative cover can 
facilitate the movement of bears through agricultural (or other open) 
lands, particularly when bears reside in fragmented tracts of forest, 
as is the case for the Louisiana black bear (Weaver et al. 1990b, p. 
347). Based on telemetry locations and visual observations, Marchinton 
(1995, p. 53) determined that wooded drainages were important travel 
corridors for movement between forested tracts. He noted that those 
drainages may facilitate movements across agricultural lands and may be 
important for dispersal outside the study area. Likewise, Weaver (1999, 
p. 67) found significant use of habitat linkages between larger 
forested tracts, including forested edges associated with bayous, their 
tributaries, various dry ditch bottoms, and brushy ditch and canal 
banks in various agricultural tracts. Bears were also observed to 
frequent certain areas of intact forest such as banks of rivers, 
sloughs, ditches, and bayous, and Weaver (1999, p. 82) suggested that 
the term ``habitat linkages'' may be more appropriate than travel 
corridors when referring to the remnant habitat features that link 
disjunct wooded tracts.
    Beausoleil (1999, p. 62) observed that female Louisiana black bears 
would not move between woodlots unless they were connected by a 
forested corridor or were closer than 1,640 feet (ft) (0.5 km) apart. 
Anderson (1997, p.74 via T. Edwards, USFWS pers. communication) found 
that female bears would not travel between expansive agricultural 
fields that separated forested tracts by 4,541 ft (1.3 km) and observed 
that bears traveled along tree-lined ditches that were as narrow as 16 
ft (5 m) in width (Anderson 1997, p. 74). Similarly, Van Why (2003, pp. 
30, 46) observed Louisiana black bears using narrow strips of 
vegetation (less than 33 ft (10 m)) to travel through inhospitable 
habitats such as open fields. Weaver et al. (1990b, p. 347) recommended 
a 197-ft (60-m) buffer zone along waterways as a travel corridor or 
habitat linkage. Bears will travel through open habitat (Weaver 1999, 
p. 81), but they may travel farther from the forested edge when in a 
wooded corridor versus in an open field (Anderson 1997, p. 42).
    Habitat linkages, as described in Louisiana black bear population 
studies, are generally described as narrow and linear in shape, most 
likely resulting from the fact that ditches and bayous are the only 
remaining features connecting habitat fragments within a population. 
Non-linear habitat patches located between existing populations may 
also provide areas for bear movement. Such linkages increase the amount 
of forested habitat (Beausoleil et al. 2005, p. 408) and may serve not 
only as pathways for concealed travel, but may also provide other 
functions such as escape cover, bedding and denning sites, routes for 
juvenile dispersal, and avenues for genetic exchange (Weaver 1999, pp. 
82-83). Habitat linkages ranging from 2.5 ac to 12 ac (1 ha to 5 ha) 
can provide cover for black bears (Pelton and Van Manen 1997, p. 33). 
Smaller areas (i.e., 2.5 ac (1 ha)) may provide suitable movement paths 
for shorter, within-population movements but may not be sufficient for 
establishing larger movement paths between populations. Beausoleil et 
al. (2005, pp. 409-410) recommended the establishment of habitat 
corridors to reduce the isolation of forested habitats for black bears 
and suggested that corridor width should vary with length and increase 
with distance. Similarly, Cox et al. (1994, p. 35) suggested that black 
bears likely require broader habitat areas rather than thin corridors 
when connecting distant populations.
    While there is scientific discussion regarding the relative 
importance of wildlife corridors in general, they have been shown to be 
important for black bears (Cox et al. 1994, p. 34). Furthermore, in 
modeling spatial landscape structure and species dispersal, King and 
With (2002, p. 33) found that habitat clumping may help mitigate the 
negative effect that habitat loss has on dispersal success. Habitat 
linkages (or corridors) are needed to facilitate bear movement between 
habitat patches within and between black bear populations (BBCC 1997, 
p. 54). Telemetry data on Louisiana black bear movements in the Tensas 
River Basin demonstrate that habitat linkages should be considered in 
management plans intended to ensure Louisiana black bear population 
viability in fragmented habitats and to provide for the large home 
ranges (particularly of males) needed for unimpeded breeding and 
dispersal (Weaver 1999, p. 106).

Food, Water, Air, Light, Minerals, or Other Nutritional or 
Physiological Requirements

    The Louisiana black bear's diet is dominated by plant material 
throughout the year (Pelton 1982, p. 508; Anderson 1997, p. 77; Benson 
2005, p. 20). A portion of the diet is made up of animal matter, 
primarily beetles and other insects (which are consumed year-round 
(Anderson 1997, p. 79)), and occasionally carrion (Pelton 1982, pp. 
508-509; Benson 2005, p. 27). Diets vary seasonally in relation to food 
availability as does habitat use (Nyland 1995, p. 53). After den 
emergence in the spring, bears utilize remaining fat reserves (Pelton 
1982, p. 509). As this is generally a time of lower food abundance, 
bears may lose weight but will soon take advantage of any available 
protein-rich foods (Pelton 1982, p. 509). On the Deltic tracts, such 
items include grasses, sedges, oats, wheat, and beetles (Anderson 1997, 
p. 49; Benson 2005, p. 26). During the summer, food abundance and 
diversity increases, and soft mast, found primarily in forest openings, 
becomes a major food source. Soft mast may include such items as 
blackberry, grape, mulberry, sassafras, and paw paw (Weaver et al. 
1990b, p. 344; Anderson 1997, p. 78; BBCC 1997, p. 18; Benson 2005, p. 
26). Recently timbered areas can provide foraging opportunities for 
bears as they allow light penetration through canopy openings and 
provide rotting wood that harbors beetles and grubs (Weaver et al. 
1990b, p. 344). Louisiana black bears were also observed using early 
successional areas (e.g., planted with trees or regenerating naturally) 
planted with trees (0 to 12 years) or by an open canopy and dense 
understory of shrubs, vines, and saplings (Benson 2005, p. 56, Table 
4.1). Such areas provide food and cover similar to natural openings in 
forests.
    Food availability during the late summer and fall is critical as 
bears need to increase their fat stores in preparation for winter 
dormancy and denning (Pelton 1982, p. 509; BBCC 1997, p. 18). Acorns 
and other hard mast are important food items during this period (Pelton 
1986, p. 51; Benson 2005, p. 27). Extensive foraging may occur and 
bears may travel great distances in search of food (Pelton 1982, p. 
509). It is not uncommon for a bear to gain one to two pounds of fat 
daily (Pelton 1986, p. 51). Bears will forage on agricultural crops, 
which may dominate the diet depending on availability (Nyland 1995, p. 
59; Anderson 1997, p. 78; Benson 2005, p. 20).
    An important factor affecting black bear populations appears to be 
variation in food supply and its effect on physiological status and 
reproduction (Rogers 1976, pp. 436-437). Black bear cub survival and 
development are closely associated with the physical condition of the 
mother (Rogers 1976, p. 434). Cub mortality rates and female 
infertility are typically greater in single or successive years of poor 
mast production or failure (Rogers 1987, p. 53; Eiler et al. 1989, p. 
357; Elowe and Dodge 1989, p. 964). Nutrition may affect the age of 
female reproductive maturity and subsequent fecundity

[[Page 25362]]

(Pelton 1982, p. 504). Reproduction may occur as early as 2 years of 
age for black bears in high quality habitat; in poor or marginal 
habitat, reproduction may not occur until 7 years of age (Rogers 1987, 
pp. 51-52, Table 8). Litter size may be affected by food availability 
prior to denning (Rogers 1987, p. 53, Table 10). During periods of food 
shortages, bears range farther in search of food. This increased 
movement substantially increases their chances for human encounters and 
human-related mortality (Rogers 1976, p. 436; Pelton 1982, p. 509). 
These high mortality rates are suspected to be greater for yearling and 
subadult black bear males dispersing from the family unit, and are 
probably the result of starvation, accidents (e.g., vehicular 
collisions), and poaching.

Cover or Shelter

    Black bears undergo a period of winter dormancy that allows them to 
circumvent food shortages and severe weather (Pelton 1982, p. 508). 
Louisiana black bears generally enter dens in early December and emerge 
in mid-April (Weaver 1999, p. 116, Table 4.1). They may remain somewhat 
active during this period and have been observed changing den sites and 
foraging, although their home range sizes are reduced (Weaver 1999, p. 
115; Hightower et al. 2002, p. 16). Louisiana black bears use trees, 
brush piles, and ground nests for denning (Weaver 1999, p. 118; 
Hightower et al. 2002, p. 14). An individual bear may use one or more 
different den types, often within the same season (Weaver 1999, p. 
118). Weaver (1999, p. 120) noted that most den trees were bald 
cypress, but also observed bear use of other species such as overcup 
oak and American sycamore. Den tree cavities appeared to result from 
broken tops or limbs and averaged approximately 49 ft (15 m) in height 
(Weaver 1999, p. 121). Den trees primarily occur along permanently 
flooded sloughs, seasonally flooded flats, lakes, bayous, and rivers 
(Weaver 1999, p. 130). Ground nests were located in wooded habitat and 
constructed from stacked palmetto and vegetation arranged in a wreath-
like manner. Many of the wreath-like nests included excavated 
depressions, but those created from stacked palmetto did not (Weaver 
1999, pp. 121-122). Nests were observed in forested habitat and 
constructed against a backdrop such as a felled log, a tree top, or the 
base of a tree (Weaver 1999, p. 122). In the Tensas population, 
thirteen of 17 nests were located in forested stands that were at least 
partially timbered within the last 5 years (Weaver 1999, p. 122). Brush 
pile dens were observed in residual tree tops that were felled during 
recent timber harvests (Weaver 1999, pp. 122; Hightower et al. 2002, p. 
14). Trees large enough and sufficiently mature to contain useable 
cavities are almost always found in places inaccessible to logging 
(Marchinton 1995, p. 55), or are left standing due to their low 
economic value.
    The importance of high-quality cover for bedding, denning, and 
escape cover increases as forests become smaller and more fragmented, 
and as human encroachment and disturbance in bear habitat increases 
(Pelton 1986, p. 52). The thick understory found in some BLH forests 
and adjacent areas provides high-quality escape cover, which is 
considered especially important where fragmented habitats put bear 
populations in closer proximity to humans. Bears frequently use 
forested areas and scrub-shrub habitat as escape cover and as resting 
sites or ``daybeds'' (Weaver et al. 1990b, p. 347). Daybeds are 
generally shallow, unlined depressions excavated in soft ground or leaf 
litter (BBCC 2005, p. 13). Secure areas for bedding, denning, and 
escape can be found in cover that limits visibility, slows foot travel, 
and creates noise when traversed (Weaver et al. 1990b, p. 347).

Sites for Breeding, Reproduction, or Rearing (or Development) of 
Offspring

    The average age for first female reproduction varies widely across 
black bear studies; however, most describe breeding occurring between 3 
years and 5 years of age (Weaver 1990, p. 5). Breeding occurs in summer 
and the gestation period for black bears is 7 to 8 months (Weaver 1990, 
p. 5). Delayed implantation occurs in the black bear; blastocysts float 
free in the uterus and do not implant until late November or early 
December (Pelton 1982, p. 505). Because of this, pregnant females are 
not subject to the nutritional drain of a developing fetus while they 
forage to increase fat reserves for winter torpor (Weaver 1990, p. 5). 
Additional information on female habitat requirements is described in 
the ``Space for Individual and Population Growth and Normal Behavior'' 
discussion above. Females give birth during the denning season. The 
normal litter size is two, although litter sizes of one to four cubs 
(and rarely five) do occur. Cubs are altricial (helpless) at birth 
(Weaver 1990, p. 5) and generally exit the den site with the female in 
April or May. Young bears stay with the female through summer and fall, 
and den with her the next winter. The young disperse in their second 
spring or summer, prior to the female's period of estrus (Pelton 1982, 
p. 505). Estrus starts when the female becomes physiologically capable 
of reproducing again. However, not all females produce cubs every other 
winter; reproduction is related to physiological condition (i.e., 
female bears that do not reach an optimal weight or fat level may not 
reproduce in a given year) (Rogers 1987, p. 51).
    Females give birth while in their winter dens. Den site 
characteristics were described in more detail in the ``Cover or 
Shelter'' discussion above. Secure den sites for reproduction are 
particularly important as the young would not survive without their 
mother should she abandon her den because of disturbance. Benson (2005, 
p. 84) found that female reproductive status affected den type use, as 
females with cubs used trees for dens more frequently than ground dens. 
However, Hightower et al. (2002, p. 14) did not detect differences in 
den type use by females based on their reproductive status.
    Tree dens may be an important component for female reproductive 
success in areas subject to flooding (Hellgren and Vaughan 1989a, p. 
352). Den trees located in cypress swamps would appear to provide an 
increase in security (e.g., decrease in disturbance) compared to ground 
dens. The availability of den trees, however, does not appear to be a 
limiting factor for reproductive success (Weaver and Pelton 1994, p. 
431); den trees may not be necessary for Louisiana black bears if 
flooding and disturbance are minimized (Hightower et al. 2002, p. 15).
    To afford additional protection to denning bears, when we listed 
the Louisiana black bear, we extended legal protection to candidate and 
actual den trees by promulgating a special rule at 50 CFR 17.40(i) 
under section 4(d) of the Act (57 FR 588). As the terms imply, ``actual 
den tree'' refers to any tree used by a denning bear during the winter 
and early spring seasons. Candidate den trees are defined in the final 
rule as Taxodium distichum (bald cypress) and Nyssa sp. (tupelo gum) in 
occupied Louisiana black bear habitat having a diameter at breast 
height of 36 inches or greater, with visible cavities, and occurring in 
or along rivers, lakes, streams, bayous, sloughs, or other water 
bodies. Results of recent research involving Louisiana black bears 
indicate that they will use virtually any species of tree for a den 
site (including overcup oak, American elm, sweetgum, water hickory, and 
sycamore), contingent upon it meeting the minimum diameter and cavity 
presence criteria described above (Hightower et al. 2002, p. 16).

[[Page 25363]]

Habitats That Are Protected From Disturbance

    Remoteness is an important spatial feature of black bear habitat. 
In the southeastern United States, remoteness is relative to forest 
tract size and the presence of roads. Examples of remoteness important 
for black bear habitat include: A tract of timberland 0.5 mi (0.8 km) 
from well-maintained roads and development (Rudis and Birdsey 1986, p. 
5), a forested tract of more than 2,500 ac (1,000 ha) (Rudis and Tansey 
1988, p. 172), or a tract with 0.8 mi or less of road per mile\2\ (0.5 
km/km\2\) of forest (Pelton 1986, p. 52). Remote timberlands, by this 
definition, are relatively rare within the historical range of black 
bears and are located primarily in Louisiana (Rudis and Birdsey 1986, 
p. 5). Increasing road density increases the likelihood of human 
disturbances, which can limit habitat suitability and use for black 
bears.
    In some cases, where remoteness does not exist, bears are adaptable 
and through changes in behavior can survive and thrive in proximity to 
humans if afforded areas of retreat that ensure little chance of close 
contact or visual encounters. For example, bears may shift home range 
locations in response to increases in road densities (Brody and Pelton 
1989, p. 10). However, in areas of fragmented habitat, behavioral 
adjustments may not be sufficient to offset the negative effects of 
barriers such as roads. Approximately 38 percent of known Louisiana 
black bear mortalities are the result of road kills (Pace et al. 2000, 
p. 368).

Primary Constituent Elements (PCEs) for the Louisiana Black Bear

    Within the geographical area occupied by Louisiana black bear at 
the time of listing, we must identify the PCEs laid out in the 
appropriate quantity and spatial arrangement essential to the 
conservation of the subspecies (i.e., essential physical and biological 
features) that may require special management considerations or 
protections.
    Based on the above needs and our current knowledge of the life 
history, biology, and ecology of the subspecies, we have determined 
that the Louisiana black bear's PCEs are:
    (1) Breeding habitat (i.e., within or contiguous to the home range 
of females in a core breeding population) consisting of hardwood forest 
areas having a diversity of age class and species and containing 
sources of hard mast (acorns and nuts) produced by such species as 
mature oaks, hickories, and pecan, and that may include one or more of 
the following:
    (a) Areas containing soft mast provided by a diversity of plant 
species, including, but not limited to, blackberry, grape, mulberry, 
sassafras, paw paw, etc., occurring primarily in forest openings, on 
spoil banks, and in areas adjacent to forested habitat;
    (b) Areas within forested habitat providing protein sources 
consisting of beetles and other colonial insects found in rotting and 
decaying wood found on the forest floor;
    (c) Grasses and sedges found in forest openings, on spoil banks 
with open canopies, and in vegetated areas adjacent to forested 
habitats; and
    (d) Secure areas for reproduction, winter dormancy, day bedding, 
and escape. These include areas with den trees (e.g., bald cypress, 
overcup oak, American sycamore, etc.); areas with a thick understory, 
shrub-scrub habitat, openings along spoil banks, vegetated areas 
adjacent to forests, or any vegetation that provides cover, limits 
visibility, slows foot travel, or creates noise when traversed; early 
successional forests (0 to 12 years) with an open canopy and dense 
understory of shrubs, vines, and saplings; or areas with vegetation 
such as palmetto, greenbriars, blackberry, dewberry, and downed trees.
    (2) Corridors consisting of:
    (a) Habitat patches 12 acres (5 hectares) or greater in size; or
    (b) Forested areas greater than 150 feet (46 meters) along 
waterways and sloughs and having a diversity of plant species and age-
classes of sufficient area, quality, and configuration, as described in 
PCE 1 above, to provide dispersal habitat between breeding populations 
to maintain genetic variability and promote stable or increasing 
populations, and to provide habitat supporting safe movement, foraging, 
and denning.
    As described in the Primary Constituent Elements section, breeding 
habitat (PCE-1) must be interspersed and connected by suitable 
corridors (PCE-2) to allow for movement between core populations.
    We have designed this proposed designation for the conservation of 
physical and biological features necessary to support the life history 
functions that were the basis for our proposal and the areas containing 
those features. Because not all life history functions require all the 
PCEs, not all proposed critical habitat units will contain all the 
PCEs.
    We propose units for designation based on sufficient PCEs being 
present to support at least one of the subspecies' life history 
functions. Some units contain all of these and support multiple life 
processes, those necessary to support the subspecies' particular use of 
that habitat, while some units contain some of the PCEs.

Special Management Considerations or Protections

    When designating critical habitat, we assess whether the occupied 
areas contain features that are essential to the conservation of the 
species and that may require special management considerations or 
protections. Threats to the physical and biological features essential 
to the conservation of the Louisiana black bear include the direct and 
indirect impacts of land clearing or development resulting in habitat 
fragmentation and land use conversion, primarily to agriculture and 
development. Specific details can be found in the final listing rule 
(January 7, 1992; 57 FR 588). Due to one or more of the threats 
described above, and addressed in more detail in the individual unit 
descriptions below, we find that all of the occupied areas we are 
proposing for designation as critical habitat contain the PBFs that may 
require special management considerations or protections to ensure the 
conservation of the Louisiana black bear.

Criteria Used To Identify Critical Habitat

    Our conservation strategy is based on a review of the biological 
needs of this subspecies as described in the literature, and the 
recovery strategy outlined in the Louisiana black bear recovery plan. 
In proposing critical habitat, our two-fold strategy is to: (1) Reduce 
the potential for extinction by providing the habitat in areas of 
sufficient composition and size to maintain the viability of existing 
reproducing populations (as determined by occupied habitat); and (2) 
ensure the demographic vigor and genetic variability of existing 
populations by providing habitat of sufficient composition and location 
to provide areas of connectivity between adjoining populations.
    We include land within the proposed critical habitat unit 
boundaries contingent upon that land satisfying one of the following 
criteria: (1) It was occupied at the time of listing, serves as 
breeding habitat, and contains the physical and biological features 
essential to the conservation of the Louisiana black bear, or (2) it 
was occupied at the time of listing, serves as an immigration or 
emigration corridor between the core breeding populations, and provides 
habitat that contains the

[[Page 25364]]

physical and biological features essential to the conservation of the 
Louisiana black bear.
    At the time of listing (January 7, 1992), there were limited data 
documenting Louisiana black bear distribution and reproduction. Range 
maps were generalized and seem to have been heavily based upon 
information such as landscape features (e.g., extent of forested 
habitat) and anecdotal data (e.g., unconfirmed sightings), in addition 
to the best available scientific data. Based on the considerable amount 
of data collected since 1992, the most accurate occupied habitat map at 
the time of listing appears to be the one published in the Louisiana 
Black Bear Recovery Plan (USFWS 1995, p. 4). That map and several other 
distribution maps developed around the time of listing indicate that 
bears may not have occurred in one area between the Tensas and Upper 
Atchafalaya River populations at that time. Those maps, however, vary 
considerably depending on whether or not they included all sightings 
outside of breeding populations, and they do not always indicate the 
information used (Pelton 1989, p. 8, Figure 6; Weaver et al. 1990a, p. 
24, Figure 1; Hammond 1988, p. 75, Figure 32). Habitat corridors still 
existed between breeding populations around the time of listing, and 
those populations were probably not totally disjunct (Pelton 1989, pp. 
16-18). Similarly, Weaver (1999, pp. 87-88) noted that despite habitat 
fragmentation and degradation, the observed dispersal capability of 
Louisiana black bears, coupled with the proximity to other breeding 
populations in Arkansas and the Upper Atchafalaya, indicated that bears 
in the Tensas population were not completely isolated. Hammond (1989, 
pp. 17-19, 42) had evidence, based on sightings and damage reports 
submitted to the LDWF, as well as reports he verified, of bear 
occurrence within this area. Therefore, while there is no evidence to 
indicate that this area contained a breeding population at the time of 
listing, we believe that this area was occupied and utilized by some 
small numbers of bears.
    Since the time of listing in 1992, the Louisiana black bear has 
been studied extensively by numerous researchers with various 
affiliations, and substantial amounts of data now exist for all 
populations of the Louisiana black bear. Those studies and resultant 
data have generally resulted in publications in peer-reviewed 
scientific journals. Though important in many aspects of the critical 
habitat designation process, the summarized data format of those 
publications provides insufficient detail for the accurate delineation 
of currently occupied habitat. Therefore, we gathered all currently 
available raw telemetry data associated with those publications 
(Anderson 1997; Beausoleil 1999; Marchinton 1995; Wagner 1995; and 
Weaver 1999) from the authors and affiliated research groups including 
the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, the U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, Louisiana State University, and the University of 
Tennessee.
    Adult female home range sizes for the Upper and Lower Atchafalaya 
River populations (8,080 ac (3,270 ha) and 3,781 ac (1,530 ha), 
respectively) were taken from Wagner (1995, p. 12); adult female home 
range sizes for the Tensas River NWR subgroup (5,995 ac (2,426 ha)) 
were taken from Weaver (1999, p. 70). Adult female home range size for 
the Deltic subgroup (1,766 ac (715 ha)) was based on an average of the 
estimates provided by Anderson (1997, p. 37), Beausoleil (1999, pp. 57, 
60), Marchinton (1995, p. 31), and Weaver (1999, p. 70). Adult females 
that were relocated as part of the Louisiana black bear repatriation 
project are generally more nomadic and have larger and less clearly 
defined home ranges than anticipated, likely as a result of their 
reaction to displacement in an unfamiliar setting. Home range size for 
those females (7,038 ac (2,848 ha)) was, therefore, estimated by 
averaging home range sizes for the Upper Atchafalaya population (which 
is the geographically closest population to the repatriated bears) and 
the Tensas River NWR subgroup (which has served as a donor population 
for most of the repatriated bears). Raw telemetry data (i.e., telemetry 
points) were buffered with those adult female home range sizes and were 
coalesced into polygons for each Louisiana black bear population. Those 
polygons formed the approximate boundary of occupied habitat, which was 
further refined based on habitat suitability, contiguity of suitable 
habitat, proximity to non-contiguous suitable habitat, direct evidence 
of bear use, habitat patch size, and significant landscape features.
    We have defined breeding habitat as bottomland and upland hardwood 
forests and adjacent vegetated habitats having a diversity of plant 
species and age-classes with evidence of use by at least five adult 
female bears, having home ranges that partially or completely overlap 
(core areas). An area that is completely or partially within one or 
more of those home ranges, but outside of the core area, as defined 
above, would be considered breeding habitat if it: (1) Has demonstrated 
use (via radio telemetry) of at least one female bear and is larger 
than 5 ac (2 ha) in size; or (2) is larger than 100 ac (40 ha) in size, 
regardless of telemetry confirmation of female presence, and is not 
separated from the breeding habitat core area by a landscape feature 
that may negatively influence natural bear movements (e.g., a State or 
Federal road, or a large waterway). Evaluation of existing telemetry 
data suggests that forest use by fewer than 5 females is generally 
indicative of temporary residence as a result of dispersal (noted most 
often within, and surrounding, the repatriation complex).
    Due to current data limitations and habitat variations, it is not 
possible to reliably determine the minimum habitat requirements for a 
viable Louisiana black bear population or subgroup. Data concerning 
Louisiana black bear population size, survival and mortality rates, and 
overall population viability are dated for all but the Tensas 
population. In 1997, the Statewide Louisiana black bear population was 
estimated to range from 200 to 400 bears (Pelton and Van Manen 1997, p. 
38). No reliable overall Louisiana black bear population estimate 
currently exists; however, a comprehensive population dynamics study 
involving many existing Louisiana black bear populations is currently 
being conducted by the University of Tennessee and the LDWF, but is not 
complete at this time. According to the LDWF, there is circumstantial 
evidence that the Louisiana black bear population is growing (LDWF 
2007, p. 22). Currently, the Tensas River NWR subgroup of the Tensas 
population is the only population and/or subgroup of Louisiana black 
bears that: (1) Has scientifically reliable data; (2) has been 
determined to be viable (i.e., has a 95 percent or better chance of 
persistence over 100 years (FWS 1995, p. 14; BBCC 1997, pp. 33-34)); 
and (3) sustains itself almost entirely on habitat containing PBFs 
(i.e., bottomland and upland hardwood forest habitat). Therefore, the 
Tensas River NWR subgroup data were used to assess habitat requirements 
for existing populations.
    The Tensas River NWR subgroup (estimated at 115 Louisiana black 
bears) inhabits 142,000 ac (57,465 ha) of habitat (containing the 
PCEs). We assumed that the Tensas River NWR subgroup, which population 
viability analyses indicate to be stable, currently exists at minimum 
population and habitat sizes necessary to maintain long-term viability. 
Population viability analyses for the Upper and Lower Atchafalaya 
populations (using best available data) indicate that those

[[Page 25365]]

populations may not be stable. Consistent with our assumption and those 
analyses, we propose to designate all known breeding habitat (that was 
also occupied at time of listing) containing the primary constituent 
elements for all populations and subgroups. Including all such areas 
would incorporate a habitat quantity that is at least equivalent to 
that currently available to the Tensas River NWR subgroup and is 
estimated to provide sufficient habitat necessary to maintain long-term 
viability for three of the other populations. The Deltic subgroup is an 
exception because of its unusually high population density due to the 
availability and use of surrounding agricultural lands. All habitats 
occupied by the Deltic subgroup currently and at the time of listing 
are included in the proposed critical habitat boundary, although it is 
a smaller area than that included for all other populations.
    One of the criteria necessary to meet the recovery goal of 
delisting the Louisiana black bear, as identified in the Service's 
recovery plan for this species, is the presence of ``immigration and 
emigration corridors between the two viable populations used as 
justification for delisting'' (USFWS 1995, p. 14). Including such areas 
will reduce forested corridor fragmentation within the current 
geographic distribution of the Louisiana black bear. Therefore, we 
propose to designate as critical habitat areas between the core 
breeding population centers. Those areas contain the essential physical 
and biological features and will maintain existing forested immigration 
and emigration corridors between existing breeding habitat. Based on 
available data, we believe that all of those corridors were occupied at 
the time of listing.
    The length of the corridors was primarily defined by the distance 
between existing core breeding populations. Corridor boundary width 
varies and was determined by the following three factors (listed below 
in order of decreasing significance):
    (1) The width necessary to incorporate more than one potential 
habitat linkage. Selection of only one path of habitat linkages would 
not account for the nomadic nature of bears, nor for their spatially 
large habitat requirements, and would assume (likely incorrectly) that 
all bears would select the same path while traveling the significant 
distance that separates existing populations. According to Cox et al. 
(1994, p. 35), ``black bears likely require broader habitat areas 
rather than thin corridors if connecting distant populations is a 
goal.''
    (2) The feasibility of delineating all existing forested areas that 
are suitable for smaller scale movements that occur during immigration 
and emigration between existing populations. Anderson (1997, p. 74 via 
T. Edwards, USFWS, personal communication) found that bears would 
travel along ``tree-lined ditches'' that were as narrow as 16 ft (5 m) 
in width. Delineation of such small linkages (which are often abundant 
and sinuous) that provide connectivity between existing populations is 
not technically feasible.
    (3) The presence of existing landscape features, such as large 
water bodies, and State and Federal highways. Placing critical habitat 
boundaries along large landscape features is preferable because those 
features often affect or direct bear movements (i.e., form the actual 
boundary of such movements) and because large landscape features can be 
clearly defined for regulatory purposes.
    We are proposing two such corridors for inclusion within the 
critical habitat boundary. One occurs in the central portion of Unit 1, 
and the other is the approximate southern half of Unit 2. The Unit 1 
corridor location was selected because it incorporates more habitat 
containing the essential physical and biological features (including 
Buckhorn Wildlife Management Area and Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife 
Refuge) than any other feasible linkage between the existing 
populations in that unit. Passage from one core breeding population 
center to another, outside of that corridor, would involve relatively 
significant lateral movements that would increase the travel distance 
between populations, and would require the crossing of natural 
hydrologic (e.g., the Tensas River) and manmade barriers (e.g., several 
state highways) that would be otherwise unnecessary with a more direct 
north to south route as currently delineated with the proposed 
corridor. Similarly, the Unit 2 corridor location was selected to 
maximize the inclusion of habitat containing the essential physical and 
biological features (including Attakapas Island Wildlife Management 
Area), and to provide the most direct linkage between populations 
occurring in the northern portion of this unit and in Unit 3. That 
corridor is located entirely within the Atchafalaya River Basin to 
avoid the urban development and agricultural expanses occurring outside 
the Basin levees. We delineated that corridor along the western edge of 
the Atchafalaya River Basin to incorporate higher elevational areas 
(based on recent surveys), as those areas would include a higher 
proportion of suitable habitat. Those higher elevations are considered 
more suitable because they would facilitate bear movement (by providing 
more opportunities for dry passage) within the Basin, which is subject 
to seasonal, long-term, and often severe riverine flooding.
    There are lands within the critical habitat boundaries as depicted 
on the map and described by the Universal Transerve Mercator (UTM) 
coordinates for the corridors that do not contain the physical and 
biological features essential for the conservation of the subspecies. 
We attempted to be as precise as possible in delineating the critical 
habitat based on the presence of essential features. Using the best 
available data, we delineated possible travel corridor locations at a 
landscape level (i.e., between populations). However, the nomadic 
nature of bears and their spatially large habitat requirements make it 
difficult to predict, at a local scale (e.g., shrub-lined ditches and 
bayous, spoil banks, etc.), what route within the corridor a bear may 
take while traveling the significant distance that separates existing 
populations.
    When determining proposed critical habitat boundaries within this 
proposed rule, we made every effort to avoid including developed areas 
such as buildings, paved areas, and other structures, as well as areas 
in agricultural land use that lack the essential physical and 
biological features for the Louisiana black bear. The scale of the maps 
we prepared under the parameters for publication within the Code of 
Federal Regulations may not reflect the exclusion of such developed or 
agricultural land use areas. Any such structures and the land under 
them inadvertently left inside critical habitat boundaries shown on the 
maps of this proposed rule have been excluded by text in the proposed 
rule and are not proposed for designation as critical habitat. 
Therefore, Federal actions involving these areas would not trigger 
section 7 consultation, unless the specific action would affect the 
primary constituent elements in the surrounding critical habitat.

Proposed Critical Habitat Designation

    We are proposing three units as critical habitat for the Louisiana 
black bear. The critical habitat areas we describe below constitute our 
current best assessment of areas that meet the definition of critical 
habitat for the Louisiana black bear. Table 1 shows the occupied units. 
The three areas we propose as critical habitat are: (1) Tensas River 
Basin, (2) Upper Atchafalaya River Basin, and (3) Lower Atchafalaya 
River Basin. The

[[Page 25366]]

approximate area of each proposed critical habitat unit is shown in 
Table 2.

                 Table 1.--Occupancy of Louisiana Black Bear by Proposed Critical Habitat Units
  [Total area estimates reflect all land within critical habitat unit boundaries. Acre and hectare values were
individually computer-generated using GIS software, rounded to nearest whole number, and then summed. Totals may
                                           not match due to rounding]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                   Size of unit
                  Unit                       Occupied at time of         Currently occupied?         in acres
                                                  listing?                                          (hectares)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Tensas River Basin...................  Yes.......................  Yes.......................         677,256
                                                                                                       (274,076)
2 Upper Atchafalaya River Basin........  Yes.......................  Yes.......................         435,227
                                                                                                       (176,130)
3 Lower Atchafalaya River Basin........  Yes.......................  Yes.......................         219,152
                                                                                                        (88,688)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


          Table 2.--Proposed Critical Habitat Units for the Louisiana Black Bear by Land Ownership Type
  [Total area estimates reflect all land within critical habitat unit boundaries. Acre and hectare values were
computer generated individually using GIS software, rounded to nearest whole number, and then summed. Totals may
                                           not match due to rounding]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Federal in                        Private in
            Critical habitat unit                  acres        State in acres       acres        Total in acres
                                                 (hectares)       (hectares)       (hectares)       (hectares)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Tensas River Basin.......................          99,955          119,276          458,025          677,256
                                                     (40,450)         (48,269)        (185,356)        (274,076)
2. Upper Atchafalaya River Basin............          15,765           83,314          336,148          435,227
                                                      (6,380)         (33,716)        (136,148)        (176,130)
3. Lower Atchafalaya River Basin............           7,505            2,003          209,644          219,152
                                                      (3,037)            (811)         (84,840)         (88,688)
                                             -------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...................................         123,225          204,593        1,003,817        1,331,635
                                                     (49,867)         (82,796)        (406,344)        (538,894)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We present brief descriptions of all units, and reasons why they 
meet the definition of critical habitat for the Louisiana black bear, 
below.

Unit 1: Tensas River Basin Unit

    Unit 1 consists of 677,256 ac (274,075 ha) of Federal, State, and 
privately owned lands in the Tensas River Basin. It includes portions 
of Avoyelles, East Carroll, Catahoula, Concordia, Franklin, Madison, 
Richland, Tensas, West Carroll, and West Feliciana Parishes.
    This unit was occupied at the time of listing, and currently 
provides breeding and corridor habitat for the Louisiana black bear. 
The perimeter of the northern portion of Unit 1 approximately coincides 
with the boundaries of the Deltic Timber tracts, Tensas River National 
Wildlife Refuge, and Big Lake Wildlife Management Area. The perimeter 
of the southern portion of Unit 1 is bounded primarily by the Red River 
Wildlife Management Area and Three Rivers Management Area on the north 
and east, by the Red River, Bayou Jeansonne, and Bayou des Glaises on 
the west, and the Lower Old River on the south.
    The central portion of this unit serves as a corridor and extends 
from the south boundaries of Big Lake Wildlife Management Area and 
Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge in Franklin and Tensas Parishes, 
to the north boundary of Red River Wildlife Management Area in 
Concordia Parish. The Tensas River and Bayou Cocodrie form most of the 
western boundary of that corridor. The eastern boundary of that 
corridor includes the east property boundary of Buckhorn Wildlife 
Management Area, and Louisiana State Highways 573, 566, and 15. This 
area contains features essential to the conservation of the Louisiana 
black bear because it serves as a corridor to maintain habitat linkages 
for immigration and emigration between the existing breeding 
populations at the northern and southern extents of this unit. Two of 
the three recovery criteria listed in the Louisiana black bear recovery 
plan (USFWS 1995, p. 14) specifically state that the eventual delisting 
of the Louisiana black bear is contingent upon the establishment (where 
absent) and long-term maintenance of such corridors. According to Clark 
(1999, p. 111), the stability and long-term viability of disjunct 
populations may be precluded in the absence of such corridors.
    A relatively small section of breeding habitat along the west 
border of this unit is not included within the proposed critical 
habitat boundary because we determined it does not contain the physical 
and biological features that are necessary for the conservation of the 
Louisiana black bear. Our determination was based on the following 
factors: (1) The area does not function as a corridor between existing 
populations; (2) telemetry data suggest minimal bear use; and (3) the 
minimum required area that was determined necessary for maintenance of 
a viable population is achieved for the adjacent subpopulation within 
Unit 1 without the inclusion of that area.
    A significant portion of Unit 1 occurs within State and federally 
owned or managed lands that include Tensas River National Wildlife 
Refuge (70,000 ac (28,328 ha)), Big Lake Wildlife Management Area 
(19,231 ac (7,783 ha)), Buckhorn Wildlife Management Area (11,262 ac 
(4,558 ha)), Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife Refuge (13,000 ac (5,261 
ha)), Lake Ophelia National Wildlife Refuge (18,000 ac (7,284 ha)), Red 
River Wildlife Management Area (41,681 ac (16,868 ha)), Three Rivers 
Wildlife Management Area (27,380 ac (11,080 ha)), and Grassy Lake 
Wildlife Management Area (12,983 ac (5,254 ha)). Habitat restoration 
within Unit 1 has been primarily accomplished through the WRP, 
administered by the Natural Resources Conservation Service

[[Page 25367]]

(NRCS)), and a major carbon sequestration/habitat restoration project, 
initiated by Entergy Corporation, the Trust for Public Land, 
Environmental Synergy, Inc., and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 
Since the Louisiana black bear was listed as a threatened subspecies in 
1992, approximately 53,487 ac (21,645 ha) of marginal agricultural land 
has been restored in this unit as a result of the WRP program; the 
program includes perpetual protection through conservation easements 
for most such tracts. The State of Louisiana has purchased 2,420 ac 
(979 ha) of Wetland Reserve Program lands as an addition to the 
Buckhorn Wildlife Management Area. As part of an ongoing carbon 
sequestration initiative, approximately 10,000 acres of marginal 
agricultural land are planned for purchase, reforestation, and transfer 
to the Service as an addition to the Tensas River National Wildlife 
Refuge. The first phase of this project was completed in 2005 and 
involved reforestation of 2,900 ac (1,174 ha) of land that were added 
to the Refuge.
    Unit 1 contains PCEs 1 and 2. Threats to this subspecies and its 
habitat that may require special management of the physical and 
biological features essential for the conservation of the subspecies in 
this unit include continued habitat fragmentation (from such sources as 
hydrocarbon exploration and production, transportation development, 
agricultural activities, and urban sprawl), and human-induced mortality 
(such as poaching, vehicle strikes, and nuisance abatement activities) 
which is exacerbated by habitat fragmentation.

Unit 2: Upper Atchafalaya River Basin Unit

    Unit 2 consists of 435,227 ac (176,130 ha) of Federal, State, and 
privately owned lands in the Upper Atchafalaya River Basin. It includes 
portions of Iberia, Iberville, Pointe Coupee, St. Martin, and St. Mary 
Parishes. This unit was occupied at the time of listing and currently 
supports breeding and corridor habitat for the Louisiana black bear. 
The northern half of Unit 2 is bounded primarily by Louisiana Highway 1 
on the north, Louisiana Highway 1 and the East Atchafalaya Basin Flood 
Protection Levee on the east, the Atchafalaya River on the west, and 
U.S. Interstate 10 on the south. The southern portion extends from U.S. 
Interstate 10 in St. Martin Parish to U.S. Highway 90 in St. Mary 
Parish. Its east and west boundaries approximately follow the West 
Atchafalaya Basin Flood Protection Levee and the Atchafalaya River, 
respectively. The southern portion of Unit 2 serves as a corridor to 
maintain immigration and emigration between the existing core breeding 
populations in Unit 3 and in the northern half of this unit. Two of the 
three recovery criteria listed in the Louisiana black bear recovery 
plan (USFWS 1995, p. 14) specifically state that the eventual delisting 
of the Louisiana black bear is contingent upon the establishment (where 
absent) and long-term maintenance of such corridors. According to Clark 
(1999, p. 111), the stability and long-term viability of disjunct 
populations may be precluded in the absence of such corridors.
    Portions of Unit 2 occur within State and federally owned and 
managed lands that include Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge (15,220 
ac (6,159 ha)), Sherburne Wildlife Management Area (11,780 ac (4,767 
ha)), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-owned Bayou Des Ourses Area 
(17,000 ac (6,880 ha)), and Attakapas Island Wildlife Management Area 
(27,962 ac (11,316 ha)). Habitat restoration within Unit 2 has been 
relatively limited and primarily accomplished through the WRP program. 
Approximately 1,526 ac (618 ha) of marginal agricultural land has been 
restored in this unit as a result of that program; the program includes 
perpetual protection through conservation easements for most such 
tracts.
    Unit 2 contains PCEs 1 and 2. Threats to this subspecies and its 
habitat that may require special management of the physical and 
biological features essential for the conservation of the subspecies in 
this unit include continued habitat fragmentation (from such sources as 
hydrocarbon exploration and production, transportation development, 
agricultural activities, and urban sprawl), and human-induced mortality 
(such as poaching, vehicle strikes, and nuisance abatement activities), 
which is exacerbated by habitat fragmentation.

Unit 3: Lower Atchafalaya River Basin Unit

    Unit 3 consists of 219,152 ac (88,688 ha) of Federal, State, and 
privately owned lands in the Lower Atchafalaya River Basin. It lies 
south of U.S. Highway 90 (Hwy. 90) in Iberia and St. Mary Parishes. 
This unit was occupied at the time of listing by the Louisiana black 
bear and currently supports breeding habitat.
    In addition to bottomland hardwood forests, bears within this unit 
also utilize upland hardwood habitats associated with four salt domes 
(Avery, Cote Blanche, and Weeks Islands, and Belle Isle) and coastal 
marshes adjacent to those forests. Virtually all of Unit 3 is privately 
owned, with the exception of the 9,028-ac (3,654-ha) Bayou Teche 
National Wildlife Refuge, which is unique in that it is the only 
National Wildlife Refuge established specifically for the conservation 
of the Louisiana black bear. The boundaries of Unit 3 approximately 
coincide with U.S. Highway 90 to the north, the Gulf Intracoastal 
Waterway to the south, Avery Island to the west, and the Lower 
Atchafalaya River to the east.
    A relatively small section of breeding habitat along the southeast 
border of this unit was not included within the critical habitat 
boundary because we determined it does not contain physical and 
biological features that are necessary for the conservation of the 
Louisiana black bear. Our determination was based on the following 
factors: (1) The area consists primarily of marsh habitat, which is of 
minimal value for bears (particularly in regard to foraging, bedding, 
and denning); (2) the area does not function as a corridor between 
existing populations or areas of high habitat value; (3) telemetry data 
indicate minimal bear use; and (4) the minimum required area that was 
determined necessary for maintenance of a viable population is achieved 
for the adjacent subpopulation within Unit 3 without the inclusion of 
that area.
    A significant acreage of bottomland hardwood forests in private 
ownership not associated with the four salt domes is flood-protected 
via levees, man-made ditches, and pumps. Those flood protection 
features have caused such forests to lose their wetland classification 
and associated regulatory protection under the Clean Water Act. 
Subsequently, there is continual development along the Hwy. 90 corridor 
within Unit 3, most of which is not subject to Federal regulation. The 
Federal Highway Administration and the Louisiana Department of 
Transportation have proposed an upgrade of U.S. Highway 90, within this 
unit, to Interstate Highway System standards as an extension of U.S. 
Interstate Highway 49.
    Unit 3 contains PCE 1. Threats to this subspecies and its habitat 
that may require special management of the physical and biological 
features essential for the conservation of the subspecies in this unit 
include continued habitat fragmentation (from such sources as 
hydrocarbon exploration and production, transportation development, 
agricultural activities, and urban sprawl), and human-induced mortality 
(such as poaching, vehicle strikes, and nuisance

[[Page 25368]]

abatement activities), which is exacerbated by habitat fragmentation.

Effects of Critical Habitat Designation

Section 7 Consultation

    Section 7(a)(2) of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the 
Service, to ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or carry out are 
not likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. Decisions 
by the 5th and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeals have invalidated our 
definition of ``destruction or adverse modification'' (50 CFR 402.02) 
(see Gifford Pinchot Task Force v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 378 
F.3d 1059 (9th Cir 2004) and Sierra Club v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service et al., 245 F.3d 434, 442F (5th Cir. 2001)), and we do not rely 
on this regulatory definition when analyzing whether an action is 
likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. Under the 
statutory provisions of the Act, we determine destruction or adverse 
modification on the basis of whether, with implementation of the 
proposed Federal action, the affected critical habitat would remain 
functional (or retain the current ability for the PCEs, and therefore 
the essential physical and biological features) to be functionally 
established) to serve its intended conservation role for the species.
    If a species is listed or critical habitat is designated, section 
7(a)(2) of the Act requires Federal agencies to ensure that activities 
they authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to jeopardize the 
continued existence of the species or to destroy or adversely modify 
its critical habitat. If a Federal action may affect a listed species 
or its critical habitat, the responsible Federal agency (action agency) 
must enter into consultation with us. As a result of this consultation, 
we document compliance with the requirements of section 7(a)(2) through 
our issuance of:

    (1) A concurrence letter for Federal actions that may affect, 
but are not likely to adversely affect, listed species or critical 
habitat; or
    (2) A biological opinion for Federal actions that may affect, 
and are likely to adversely affect, listed species or critical 
habitat.

    When we issue a biological opinion concluding that a project is 
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or 
destroy or adversely modify critical habitat, we also provide 
reasonable and prudent alternatives to the project, if any are 
identifiable. We define ``reasonable and prudent alternatives'' at 50 
CFR 402.02 as alternative actions identified during consultation that:
     Can be implemented in a manner consistent with the 
intended purpose of the action,
     Can be implemented consistent with the scope of the 
Federal agency's legal authority and jurisdiction,
     Are economically and technologically feasible, and
     Would, in the Director's opinion, avoid jeopardizing the 
continued existence of the listed species or destroying or adversely 
modifying critical habitat.
    Reasonable and prudent alternatives can vary from slight project 
modifications to extensive redesign or relocation of the project. Costs 
associated with implementing a reasonable and prudent alternative are 
similarly variable.
    Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require Federal agencies to reinitiate 
consultation on previously reviewed actions in instances where we have 
listed a new species or subsequently designated critical habitat that 
may be affected and the Federal agency has retained discretionary 
involvement or control over the action (or the agency's discretionary 
involvement or control is authorized by law). Consequently, Federal 
agencies may sometimes need to request reinitiation of consultation 
with us on actions for which formal consultation has been completed, if 
those actions with discretionary involvement or control may affect 
subsequently listed species or designated critical habitat.
    If a species is listed or critical habitat is designated, section 
7(a)(2) of the Act requires Federal agencies to ensure that activities 
they authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to jeopardize the 
continued existence of the species or to destroy or adversely modify 
its critical habitat. Activities on State, Tribal, local, or private 
lands requiring a Federal permit (such as a permit from the U.S. Army 
Corps of Engineers under section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 
1251 et seq.) or a permit from us under section 10 of the Act) or 
involving some other Federal action (such as funding from the Federal 
Highway Administration, Federal Aviation Administration, or the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency) are subject to the section 7(a)(2) 
consultation process. Federal actions not affecting listed species or 
critical habitat, and actions on State, Tribal, local, or private lands 
that are not federally funded, authorized, or permitted, do not require 
section 7(a)(2) consultations.

Application of the Adverse Modification Standard

    The key factor related to the adverse modification determination is 
whether, with implementation of the proposed Federal action, the 
affected critical habitat would continue to serve its intended 
conservation role for the species, or would retain its current ability 
for the primary constituent elements to be functionally established. 
Activities that may destroy or adversely modify critical habitat are 
those that alter the PCEs, and subsequently the essential physical and 
biological features) to an extent that appreciably reduces the 
conservation value of critical habitat for the Louisiana black bear.
    Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us to briefly evaluate and 
describe, in any proposed or final regulation that designates critical 
habitat, activities involving a Federal action that may destroy or 
adversely modify such habitat, or that may be affected by such 
designation.
    Activities that, when carried out, funded, or authorized by a 
Federal agency, may affect critical habitat and therefore should result 
in consultation for the Louisiana black bear include, but are not 
limited to:
    (1) Actions that would reduce the extent of habitat available for 
population maintenance or expansion or that would negatively alter the 
function of forested corridors, which facilitate genetic exchange 
between existing populations, through the permanent conversion or 
fragmentation of those forested habitats. Such activities could 
include, but are not limited to, initiation or expansion of 
agricultural operations; hydrocarbon exploration and development; 
commercial, industrial, and residential development; flood control 
projects that involve clearing of woody vegetation on U.S. Army Corps 
of Engineers flowage easement lands; and other activities that would 
require the permanent removal or fragmentation of forested wetlands.
    (2) Actions that would create significant barriers to movement both 
within and among existing populations. Those activities could reduce 
the availability of habitat for foraging, denning, escape, 
reproduction, and sheltering within populations, and severely limit or 
prevent dispersal and genetic exchange among populations. Such actions 
could include, but are not limited to road construction, large-scale or 
wide-ranging development, and flood-control projects that would involve 
barriers that are impermeable to bears.

[[Page 25369]]

    (3) Actions performed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that 
would result in significant habitat losses on their flowage easement 
lands within the Atchafalaya River Basin. Those activities could 
include large-scale, temporary clearing of all woody vegetation on 
easement lands to facilitate drainage of the Mississippi and 
Atchafalaya Rivers during extraordinarily high water periods. Such 
activities could temporarily eliminate habitat for foraging, denning, 
escape, reproduction, and sheltering within populations occurring in 
Unit 2, and severely limit or prevent dispersal and genetic exchange 
between populations within Units 2 and 3.

Exclusion Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act

Application of Section 4(b)(2) of the Act

    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act states that the Secretary must designate 
and revise critical habitat on the basis of the best available 
scientific data after taking into consideration the economic impact, 
national security impact, and any other relevant impact of specifying 
any particular area as critical habitat. In considering whether to 
exclude a particular area from the designation, we must identify the 
benefits of including the area in the designation, identify the 
benefits of excluding the area from the designation, and determine 
whether the benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion. 
The Secretary may exclude an area from critical habitat if he 
determines that the benefits of such exclusion outweigh the benefits of 
specifying such area as part of the critical habitat, unless he 
determines, based on the best scientific data available, that the 
failure to designate such area as critical habitat will result in the 
extinction of the species. In making that determination, the 
legislative history is clear that the Secretary has broad discretion 
regarding which factors to use and how much weight to give to any 
factor.
    Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, we must consider all relevant 
impacts, including economic impacts. We consider a number of factors in 
a section 4(b)(2) analysis. For example, we consider whether there are 
lands owned or managed by the Department of Defense (DOD) where a 
national security impact might exist. We also consider whether the 
landowners have developed any conservation plans for the area, or 
whether there are conservation partnerships that would be encouraged by 
designation of, or exclusion of lands from, critical habitat. In 
addition, we look at any tribal issues, and consider the government-to-
government relationship of the United States with tribal entities. We 
also consider any social impacts that might occur because of the 
designation.
    In preparing this proposal, we have determined that the lands 
within the proposed designation of critical habitat for Louisiana black 
bear are not owned or managed by the Department of Defense, there are 
currently no Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) for Louisiana black 
bear, and the proposed designation does not include any Tribal lands or 
trust resources. At the time of listing, approximately one-half of 
Louisiana black bear breeding habitat was privately owned (BBCC 1997, 
p. 31). Voluntary conservation efforts by private landowners are vital 
for the conservation and recovery of this subspecies. Significant 
progress has been made in habitat restoration for the Louisiana black 
bear since listing. Since the Louisiana black bear was listed we 
estimated an increase of more than 600,000 acres that are under some 
form of protection from development or land conversion and that benefit 
black bear conservation. One important component of those restoration 
activities is management actions taken by private landowners. Within 
critical habitat, over 55,000 ac (22,250 ha) of private lands have been 
enrolled in the NRCS WRP, which has benefited Louisiana black bear 
conservation since 1992. The WRP provides an incentive for private 
landowners to convert non-productive farmland back to bottomland 
hardwoods and many of these lands received higher rankings (when 
evaluated for enrollment) because of their benefit to Louisiana black 
bear conservation. Landowners enrolling in the WRP sign permanent 
easements protecting the restored land from future conversion or 
development. At this time, we are evaluating the sufficiency of 
protection these WRP permanent easements provide. Therefore, we are 
specifically soliciting public comments on the possible exclusion here 
of private lands enrolled in the WRP via a permanent easement.
    We anticipate no impact to national security, Tribal lands, or HCPs 
from this proposed critical habitat designation. Based on the best 
available information, we believe that all of these units contain the 
features essential to the subspecies. At this time, we have not 
analyzed areas for which the benefits of exclusion outweigh the 
benefits of inclusion; therefore we are not identifying any specific 
exclusions for the final rule designating critical habitat for 
Louisiana black bear. However, during the development of a final 
designation, we will be considering economic and other relevant impacts 
and additional conservation plans, if available, such that areas may be 
excluded from the final critical habitat designation under section 
4(b)(2).

Economics

    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act allows the Secretary to exclude areas 
from critical habitat for economic reasons if the Secretary determines 
that the benefits of such exclusion exceed the benefits of designating 
the area as critical habitat. However, this exclusion cannot occur if 
it will result in the extinction of the species concerned.
    We are preparing an analysis of the economic impacts of proposing 
critical habitat for the Louisiana black bear. We will announce the 
availability of the draft economic analysis as soon as it is completed, 
at which time we will seek public review and comment. At that time, 
copies of the draft economic analysis will be available for downloading 
from the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov, or from the Louisiana 
Fish and Wildlife Office (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). We may 
exclude areas from the final rule based on the information in the 
economic analysis.

Peer Review

    In accordance with our joint policy published in the Federal 
Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34270), we will seek the expert 
opinions of at least three appropriate and independent specialists 
regarding this proposed rule. The purpose of peer review is to ensure 
that our critical habitat designation is based on scientifically sound 
data, assumptions, and analyses. We have invited these peer reviewers 
to comment during this public comment period on our specific 
assumptions and conclusions in this proposed designation of critical 
habitat.
    We will consider all comments and information we receive during 
this comment period on this proposed rule during our preparation of a 
final determination. Accordingly, our final decision may differ from 
this proposal.

Public Hearings

    The Act provides for one or more public hearings on this proposal, 
if we receive any requests for hearings. We must receive your request 
for a public hearing by the date in the DATES section. Send your 
request to the address shown in the ADDRESSES section. We will schedule 
public hearings on this proposal, if any are requested, and announce 
the dates, times, and places of those hearings, as well as how to 
obtain

[[Page 25370]]

reasonable accommodations, in the Federal Register and local newspapers 
at least 15 days before the first hearing.

Required Determinations

Regulatory Planning and Review

    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has determined that this 
rule is not significant and has not reviewed this rule under Executive 
Order 12866 (E.O. 12866). OMB bases its determination upon the 
following four criteria:
    (a) Whether the rule will have an annual effect of $100 million or 
more on the economy or adversely affect an economic sector, 
productivity, jobs, the environment, or other units of the government.
    (b) Whether the rule will create inconsistencies with other Federal 
agencies' actions.
    (c) Whether the rule will materially affect entitlements, grants, 
user fees, loan programs, or the rights and obligations of their 
recipients.
    (d) Whether the rule raises novel legal or policy issues.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA; 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as 
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act 
(SBREFA) of 1996), whenever an agency must publish a notice of 
rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make 
available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that 
describes the effects of the rule on small entities (small businesses, 
small organizations, and small government jurisdictions). However, no 
regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of the agency 
certifies the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. SBREFA amended the RFA to require 
Federal agencies to provide a statement of the factual basis for 
certifying that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on 
a substantial number of small entities.
    At this time, we lack the full economic information necessary to 
provide an adequate factual basis for the required RFA finding. 
Therefore, we defer the RFA finding until completion of the DEA 
prepared under section 4(b)(2) of the Act and E.O. 12866. Our draft 
economic analysis will provide updated and more complete information 
and the required factual basis for the RFA finding. Upon completion of 
the draft economic analysis, we will announce availability of the draft 
economic analysis of the proposed designation in the Federal Register 
and reopen the public comment period for the proposed designation. We 
will include with this announcement, as appropriate, an initial 
regulatory flexibility analysis or a certification that the rule will 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities accompanied by the factual basis for that determination. We 
have concluded that deferring the RFA finding until completion of the 
draft economic analysis is necessary to meet the purposes and 
requirements of the RFA. Deferring the RFA finding in this manner will 
ensure that we make a sufficiently informed determination based on 
adequate economic information and provide the necessary opportunity for 
public comment.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 
et seq.), we make the following findings:
    (a) This rule will not produce a Federal mandate. In general, a 
Federal mandate is a provision in legislation, statute, or regulation 
that would impose an enforceable duty upon State, local, or Tribal 
governments, or the private sector, and includes both ``Federal 
intergovernmental mandates'' and ``Federal private sector mandates.'' 
These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. 658(5)-(7). ``Federal 
intergovernmental mandate'' includes a regulation that ``would impose 
an enforceable duty upon State, local, or [T]ribal governments,'' with 
two exceptions. It excludes ``a condition of Federal assistance.'' It 
also excludes ``a duty arising from participation in a voluntary 
Federal program,'' unless the regulation ``relates to a then-existing 
Federal program under which $500,000,000 or more is provided annually 
to State, local, and Tribal governments under entitlement authority,'' 
if the provision would ``increase the stringency of conditions of 
assistance'' or ``place caps upon, or otherwise decrease, the Federal 
Government's responsibility to provide funding,'' and the State, local, 
or Tribal governments ``lack authority'' to adjust accordingly. At the 
time of enactment, these entitlement programs were: Medicaid; AFDC work 
programs; Child Nutrition; Food Stamps; Social Services Block Grants; 
Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants; Foster Care, Adoption 
Assistance, and Independent Living; Family Support Welfare Services; 
and Child Support Enforcement. ``Federal private sector mandate'' 
includes a regulation that ``would impose an enforceable duty upon the 
private sector, except (i) a condition of Federal assistance or (ii) a 
duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal program.''
    The designation of critical habitat does not impose a legally 
binding duty on non-Federal government entities or private parties. 
Under the Act, the only regulatory effect is that Federal agencies must 
ensure that their actions do not destroy or adversely modify critical 
habitat under section 7. While non-Federal entities that receive 
Federal funding, assistance, or permits, or that otherwise require 
approval or authorization from a Federal agency for an action may be 
indirectly impacted by the designation of critical habitat, the legally 
binding duty to avoid destruction or adverse modification of critical 
habitat rests squarely on the Federal agency. Furthermore, to the 
extent that non-Federal entities are indirectly impacted because they 
receive Federal assistance or participate in a voluntary Federal aid 
program, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would not apply, nor would 
critical habitat shift the costs of the large entitlement programs 
listed above on to State governments.
    (b) We do not believe that this rule will significantly or uniquely 
affect small governments. The government owned lands we are proposing 
for critical habitat designation are owned by the State of Louisiana, 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 
and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. None of these government entities 
fit the definition of ``small governmental jurisdiction.'' Therefore, a 
Small Government Agency Plan is not required. However, we will further 
evaluate this issue as we conduct our economic analysis, and review and 
revise this assessment as warranted.

Takings

    In accordance with E.O. 12630 (Government Actions and Interference 
with Constitutionally Protected Private Property Rights), we have 
analyzed the potential takings implications of designating critical 
habitat for the Louisiana black bear in a takings implications 
assessment. The takings implications assessment concludes that this 
designation of critical habitat for the Louisiana black bear does not 
pose significant takings implications for lands within or affected by 
the designation.

Federalism

    In accordance with E.O. 13132 (Federalism), this proposed rule does 
not have significant Federalism effects. A Federalism assessment is not 
required. In keeping with Department of

[[Page 25371]]

the Interior and Department of Commerce policy, we requested 
information from, and coordinated development of, this proposed 
critical habitat designation with appropriate State resource agencies 
in Louisiana. The designation of critical habitat in areas currently 
occupied by the Louisiana black bear may impose little additional 
restrictions to those currently in place and, therefore, is believed to 
have little incremental impact on State and local governments and their 
activities. The designation may have some benefit to these governments 
because the areas that contain the features essential to the 
conservation of the species are more clearly defined, and the primary 
constituent elements of the habitat essential to the conservation of 
the species are specifically identified. This information does not 
alter where and what federally sponsored activities may occur. However, 
it may assist local governments in long-range planning (rather than 
having them wait for case-by-case section 7 consultations to occur).

Civil Justice Reform

    In accordance with E.O. 12988 (Civil Justice Reform), the 
regulation meets the applicable standards set forth in sections 3(a) 
and 3(b)(2) of the Order. We have proposed designating critical habitat 
in accordance with the provisions of the Act. This proposed rule uses 
standard property descriptions and identifies the primary constituent 
elements within the designated areas to assist the public in 
understanding the habitat needs of the Louisiana black bear.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This rule does not contain any new collections of information that 
require approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). This rule will not impose recordkeeping or 
reporting requirements on State or local governments, individuals, 
businesses, or organizations. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and 
a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information 
unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

    It is our position that, outside the jurisdiction of the Circuit 
Court of the United States for the Tenth Circuit, we do not need to 
prepare environmental analyses as defined by NEPA (42 U.S.C. 4321 et 
seq.) in connection with designating critical habitat under the Act. We 
published a notice outlining our reasons for this determination in the 
Federal Register on October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244). This assertion was 
upheld by the Circuit Court of the United States for the Ninth Circuit 
(Douglas County v. Babbitt, 48 F.3d 1495 (9th Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 
516 U.S. 1042 (1996)).

Clarity of the Rule

    We are required by Executive Orders 12866 and 12988 and by the 
Presidential Memorandum of June 1, 1998, to write all rules in plain 
language. This means that each rule we publish must:
    (a) Be logically organized;
    (b) Use the active voice to address readers directly;
    (c) Use clear language rather than jargon;
    (d) Be divided into short sections and sentences; and
    (e) Use lists and tables wherever possible.
    If you feel that we have not met these requirements, send us 
comments by one of the methods listed in the ADDRESSES section. To 
better help us revise the rule, your comments should be as specific as 
possible. For example, you should tell us the numbers of the sections 
or paragraphs that are unclearly written, which sections or sentences 
are too long, the sections where you feel lists or tables would be 
useful, etc.

Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, 
Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal 
Governments (59 FR 22951), E.O. 13175, and the Department of the 
Interior's manual at 512 DM 2, we readily acknowledge our 
responsibility to communicate meaningfully with recognized Federal 
Tribes on a government-to-government basis. In accordance with 
Secretarial Order 3206 of June 5, 1997 (American Indian Tribal Rights, 
Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act), 
we readily acknowledge our responsibilities to work directly with 
Tribes in developing programs for healthy ecosystems, to acknowledge 
that tribal lands are not subject to the same controls as Federal 
public lands, to remain sensitive to Indian culture, and to make 
information available to Tribes. We have determined that there are no 
Tribal lands occupied at the time of listing that contain the features 
essential for the conservation, and no Tribal lands that are essential 
for the conservation, of the Louisiana black bear. Therefore, we have 
not proposed designation of critical habitat for the Louisiana black 
bear on Tribal lands.

Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    On May 18, 2001, the President issued an Executive Order (E.O. 
13211; Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy 
Supply, Distribution, or Use) on regulations that significantly affect 
energy supply, distribution, and use. E.O. 13211 requires agencies to 
prepare Statements of Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions. 
We do not expect this proposed rule to significantly affect energy 
supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, this action is not a 
significant energy action, and no Statement of Energy Effects is 
required. However, we will further evaluate this issue as we conduct 
our economic analysis, and review and revise this assessment as 
warranted.

References Cited

    A complete list of all references cited in this rulemaking is 
available upon request from the Field Supervisor, Louisiana Fish and 
Wildlife Office (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).

Author(s)

    The primary author of this package is the Louisiana Fish and 
Wildlife Office.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17

    Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Transportation.

Proposed Regulation Promulgation

    Accordingly, we propose to amend part 17, subchapter B of chapter 
I, title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as set forth below:

PART 17--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 17 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544; 16 U.S.C. 
4201-4245; Public Law 99-625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise 
noted.

    2. In Sec.  17.11(h), revise the entry for ``Bear, Louisiana 
black'' under ``MAMMALS'' in the List of Endangered and Threatened 
Wildlife to read as follows:


Sec.  17.11  Endangered and threatened wildlife.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *

[[Page 25372]]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Species                                                      Vertebrate
------------------------------------------------------------                        population where                              Critical     Special
                                                                 Historic range       endangered or      Status    When listed    habitat       rules
            Common name                  Scientific name                               threatened
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Mammals
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
Bear, Louisiana black..............  Ursus americanus        U.S.A. (LA-all         Entire                      T          456     17.95(a)     17.40(i)
                                      luteolus.               counties; MS-all
                                                              counties south of or
                                                              touching a line from
                                                              Greenville,
                                                              Washington County,
                                                              to Meridian,
                                                              Lauderdale County;
                                                              TX-all counties east
                                                              of or touching a
                                                              line from Linden,
                                                              Cass County, SW to
                                                              Bryan, Brazos
                                                              County, thence SSW
                                                              to Rockport, Aransas
                                                              County).
 
                                                                      * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. In Sec.  17.95, amend paragraph (a) by adding an entry for 
Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus), in the same order 
that the subspecies appears in the table at Sec.  17.11 (h), to read as 
follows:


Sec.  17.95  Critical habitat--fish and wildlife.

    (a) Mammals.
* * * * *
    Louisiana Black Bear (Ursus americanus luteolus)
    (1) Critical habitat units are depicted for Avoyelles, East 
Carroll, Catahoula, Concordia, Franklin, Iberia, Iberville, Madison, 
Pointe Coupee, Richland, St. Martin, St. Mary, Tensas, West Carroll, 
and West Feliciana Parishes, Louisiana, on the maps below.
    (2) The primary constituent elements of critical habitat for the 
Louisiana black bear are the habitat components that provide:
    (i) Breeding habitat (i.e., within or contiguous to the home range 
of females in a core breeding population) consisting of hardwood forest 
areas having a diversity of age class and species and containing 
sources of hard mast (acorns and nuts) produced by such species as 
mature oaks, hickories, and pecan, and that may include one or more of 
the following:
    (A) Areas containing soft mast provided by a diversity of plant 
species, including, but not limited to, blackberry, grape, mulberry, 
sassafras, paw paw, etc., occurring primarily in forest openings, on 
spoil banks, and in areas adjacent to forested habitat.
    (B) Areas within forested habitat providing protein sources 
consisting of beetles and other colonial insects found in rotting and 
decaying wood found on the forest floor.
    (C) Grasses and sedges found in forest openings, on spoil banks 
with open canopies, and in vegetated areas adjacent to forested 
habitats.
    (D) Secure areas for reproduction, winter dormancy, day bedding, 
and escape. These include areas with den trees (e.g., bald cypress, 
overcup oak, American sycamore, etc); areas with a thick understory, 
shrub-scrub habitat, openings along spoil banks, vegetated areas 
adjacent to forests, or any vegetation that provides cover, limits 
visibility, slows foot travel, or creates noise when traversed; early 
successional forests (0 to 12 years) with an open canopy and dense 
understory of shrubs, vines, and saplings; or areas with vegetation 
such as palmetto, greenbriars, blackberry, dewberry, and downed trees.
    (ii) Corridors consisting of:
    (A) Habitat patches 12 ac (5 ha) or greater in size; or
    (B) Forested areas greater than 150 ft (46 m) along waterways and 
sloughs and having a diversity of plant species and age-classes of 
sufficient area, quality, and configuration, as described in paragraph 
(2)(i) of this entry, to provide dispersal habitat between breeding 
populations to maintain genetic variability and promote stable or 
increasing populations, and to provide habitat supporting safe 
movement, foraging, and denning.
    (3) Critical habitat does not include manmade structures (such as 
buildings, aqueducts, runways, roads, and other paved areas) and the 
land on which they are located existing within the legal boundaries on 
the effective date of this rule.
    (4) Critical habitat map units. Data layers defining map units were 
created on a base of USGS digital ortho-photo quarter-quadrangles, and 
critical habitat units were then mapped using Universal Transverse 
Mercator (UTM) Zone 15N coordinates.
    (5) Note: Index map follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 25373]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06MY08.113

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C
    (6) Unit 1: Tensas River Basin.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale digital ortho-photo quarter-
quadrangles: Acme SE; Acme SW; Big Bend NE; Big Bend NW; Big Bend SE; 
Big Bend SW; Como NE; Como SE; Crowville NE; Crowville SE; Deer Park 
NW; Deer Park SW; Delhi

[[Page 25374]]

NE; Delhi NW; Delhi SE; Delhi SW; Dunbarton NE; Dunbarton NW; Dunbarton 
SE; Dunbarton SW; Epps NE; Epps NW; Epps SE; Epps SW; Fairview NW; 
Fairview SW; Ferriday North NE; Ferriday North NW; Ferriday South NW; 
Ferriday South SW; Fort Adams NW; Fort Adams SE; Fort Adams SW; Fortune 
Fork NW; Fortune Fork SW; Foules NE; Foules NW; Foules SE; Foules SW; 
Frogmore NE; Frogmore NW; Frogmore SE Frogmore SW; Gretna Green NE; 
Gretna Green NW; Gretna Green SE; Gretna Green SW; Ile Natchitoches NE; 
Ile Natchitoches NW; Ile Natchitoches SE; Ile Natchitoches SW; Indian 
Lake NE; Indian Lake NW; Indian Lake SE; Indian Lake SW; Innis NE; Lac 
Sainte Agnes NE; Lac Sainte Agnes NW; Lac Sainte Agnes SE; Lake Bruin 
NW; Lake Mary NW; Lake Mary SW; Lamar SE; Larto Lake South SE; Larto 
Lake South SW; Lower Sunk Lake NE; Lower Sunk Lake NW; Lower Sunk Lake 
SE; Lower Sunk Lake SW; Monterry NE; Monterry SE; Newlight NE; Newlight 
NW; Newlight SE; Newlight SW; Oakley NE; Oakley SE; Oakley SW; Panther 
Lake NE; Panther Lake NW; Panther Lake SE; Panther Lake SW; Saranac NW; 
Saranac SW; Simmesport NE; Simmesport NW; Slocum NE; Slocum NW; Slocum 
SE; Slocum SW; Somerset NW; Tallulah SW; Tendale NE; Tendal NW; Tendal 
SE; Tendal SW; Tensas Bluff NE; Tensas Bluff NW; Tensas Bluff SE; 
Tensas Bluff SW; Turnbull Island NE; Turnbull Island NW; Turnbull 
Island SE; Turnbull Island SW; Waterproof NE; Waterproof NW; Waterproof 
SE; Waterproof SW; Waverly SE NE; Waverly SE NW; Waverly SE SE; Waverly 
SE SW; Westwood NE; Westwood NW; Westwood SE; Westwood SW; Louisiana. 
Land bounded by the following UTM Zone 15N, North American Datum of 
1983 (NAD83) coordinates (E, N): 627070, 3431218; 618220, 3431485; 
614348, 3433932; 615247, 3438430; 612584, 3440854; 626123, 3431776; 
617768, 3431231; 614471, 3434089; 615216, 3438464; 612531, 3440860; 
625650, 3432072; 617606, 3431085; 614560, 3434183; 615191, 3438488; 
612475, 3440863; 625406, 3432226; 617426, 3430847; 614625, 3434252; 
615151, 3438562; 612410, 3440872; 625184, 3432321; 617241, 3430530; 
614683, 3434324; 615091, 3438681; 612322, 3440881; 624930, 3432387; 
617093, 3430154; 614710, 3434353; 615039, 3438779; 612255, 3440892; 
624737, 3432448; 616955, 3429720; 614780, 3434476; 615006, 3438858; 
612193, 3440905; 624411, 3432472; 616887, 3429397; 614844, 3434624; 
614974, 3438974; 612159, 3440910; 624152, 3432456; 616741, 3429104; 
614916, 3434774; 614954, 3439032; 612123, 3440914; 623962, 3432377; 
616551, 3428866; 614963, 3434868; 614934, 3439113; 612070, 3440914; 
623811, 3432300; 616315, 3428667; 615037, 3435015; 614889, 3439374; 
612016, 3440919; 623692, 3432226; 616016, 3428582; 615093, 3435134; 
614835, 3439654; 611868, 3440941; 623602, 3432109; 615619, 3428516; 
615142, 3435253; 614813, 3439755; 611779, 3440952; 623530, 3431990; 
615339, 3428453; 615180, 3435338; 614789, 3439831; 611712, 3440966; 
623446, 3431757; 615011, 3428360; 615209, 3435425; 614773, 3439862; 
611571, 3440990; 623419, 3431670; 614759, 3428249; 615249, 3435523; 
614739, 3439918; 611450, 3441008; 623334, 3431437; 614704, 3428322; 
615319, 3435745; 614708, 3439959; 611383, 3441013; 623255, 3431289; 
614560, 3428511; 615408, 3436020; 614668, 3440008; 611295, 3441024; 
623065, 3431117; 614517, 3428564; 615464, 3436235; 614614, 3440064; 
611239, 3441033; 622948, 3431070; 614473, 3428601; 615487, 3436304; 
614504, 3440149; 611170, 3441028; 622678, 3431022; 614412, 3428635; 
615500, 3436354; 614417, 3440211; 611094, 3441028; 622385, 3430980; 
614354, 3428664; 615538, 3436456; 614363, 3440254; 610984, 3441026; 
622260, 3430982; 614241, 3428701; 615574, 3436559; 614227, 3440348; 
610893, 3441028; 622094, 3431032; 614176, 3428719; 615585, 3436627; 
614135, 3440406; 610787, 3441030; 621887, 3431099; 614107, 3428730; 
615587, 3436707; 614025, 3440460; 610608, 3441042; 621760, 3431186; 
614107, 3428782; 615581, 3436841; 613927, 3440496; 610532, 3441048; 
621631, 3431265; 614113, 3428816; 615569, 3436913; 613860, 3440527; 
610402, 3441053; 621453, 3431395; 614113, 3428816; 615554, 3436978; 
613761, 3440556; 610266, 3441055; 621313, 3431493; 614109, 3429208; 
615547, 3437034; 613685, 3440583; 610009, 3441066; 621041, 3431681; 
614106, 3429555; 615538, 3437211; 613605, 3440610; 609924, 3441071; 
620787, 3431845; 612461, 3429548; 615529, 3437352; 613432, 3440675; 
609836, 3441084; 620535, 3431940; 612453, 3431630; 615529, 3437392; 
613372, 3440690; 609619, 3441095; 620265, 3432041; 612437, 3432776; 
615540, 3437434; 613336, 3440699; 609519, 3441102; 620181, 3432104; 
614028, 3432781; 615556, 3437468; 613267, 3440710; 609362, 3441109; 
620101, 3432210; 614039, 3432872; 615540, 3437524; 613193, 3440726; 
609255, 3441115; 620040, 3432284; 614061, 3433084; 615525, 3437631; 
613117, 3440740; 609199, 3441118; 619964, 3432342; 614070, 3433250; 
615518, 3437712; 613059, 3440748; 609120, 3441122; 619863, 3432366; 
614066, 3433377; 615509, 3437763; 612987, 3440769; 609073, 3441129; 
619771, 3432387; 614055, 3433494; 615489, 3437844; 612918, 3440784; 
609013, 3441140; 619651, 3432384; 614048, 3433637; 615467, 3437947; 
612860, 3440793; 608968, 3441140; 619548, 3432382; 614043, 3433702; 
615435, 3438032; 612792, 3440809; 608905, 3441149; 619429, 3432265; 
614055, 3433711; 615390, 3438139; 612750, 3440820; 608847, 3441158; 
619265, 3432093; 614135, 3433755; 615319, 3438267; 612687, 3440834; 
608789, 3441167; 618937, 3431821; 614231, 3433836; 615265, 3438379; 
612631, 3440840; 608738, 3441176; 608662, 3441189; 609199, 3442359; 
610214, 3445121; 611238, 3446431; 610214, 3445502; 608592, 3441198; 
609224, 3442381; 610231, 3445174; 611279, 3446480; 610173, 3445521; 
608529, 3441209; 609253, 3442414; 610239, 3445189; 611320, 3446544; 
610132, 3445529; 608487, 3441218; 609275, 3442441; 610263, 3445215; 
611291, 3446558; 610077, 3445529; 608467, 3441250; 609285, 3442476; 
610292, 3445238; 611264, 3446575; 610050, 3445527; 608447, 3441270; 
609300, 3442506; 610319, 3445254; 611233, 3446577; 610020, 3445496; 
608429, 3441277; 609320, 3442570; 610382, 3445289; 611197, 3446571; 
609981, 3445465; 608397, 3441290; 609333, 3442593; 610428, 3445310; 
611166, 3446563; 609950, 3445435; 608366, 3441308; 609347, 3442607; 
610471, 3445326; 611131, 3446542; 609925, 3445412; 608350, 3441326; 
609374, 3442642; 610520, 3445344; 611106, 3446511; 609884, 3445383; 
608344, 3441355; 609400, 3442664; 610567, 3445357; 611080, 3446472; 
609825, 3445330; 608337, 3441487; 609435, 3442705; 610598, 3445369; 
611051, 3446435; 609757, 3445287; 608328, 3441617; 609456, 3442759; 
610624, 3445385; 611041, 3446405; 609691, 3445252; 608333, 3441639; 
609466, 3442837; 610647, 3445408; 611022, 3446349; 609650, 3445221; 
608348, 3441664; 609474, 3442941; 610665, 3445443; 611006, 3446316; 
609589, 3445185; 608364, 3441697; 609470, 3443011; 610674, 3445476; 
610981, 3446261; 609531, 3445152; 608362, 3441717; 609478, 3443060; 
610696, 3445515; 610963, 3446218; 609490, 3445131; 608355, 3441755; 
609486, 3443101; 610704, 3445541; 610959, 3446181; 609441, 3445125; 
608341,

[[Page 25375]]

3441927; 609486, 3443148; 610713, 3445566; 610936, 3446134; 609390,

3445119; 608336, 3441975; 609493, 3443187; 610731, 3445591; 610930, 
3446093; 609347, 3445133; 608334, 3442025; 609499, 3443236; 610741, 
3445609; 610918, 3446050; 609331, 3445154; 608336, 3442056; 609493, 
3443312; 610762, 3445625; 610909, 3446027; 609314, 3445191; 608339, 
3442060; 609482, 3443409; 610791, 3445640; 610907, 3445997; 609296, 
3445223; 608339, 3442060; 609466, 3443497; 610811, 3445650; 610885, 
3445953; 609275, 3445275; 608347, 3442077; 609458, 3443554; 610846, 
3445664; 610873, 3445923; 609263, 3445303; 608423, 3442165; 609449, 
3443647; 610879, 3445677; 610844, 3445894; 609242, 3445359; 608461, 
3442211; 609443, 3443694; 610899, 3445707; 610813, 3445839; 609210, 
3445416; 608485, 3442226; 609447, 3443741; 610940, 3445759; 610731, 
3445728; 609191, 3445451; 608511, 3442233; 609454, 3443776; 610961, 
3445810; 610702, 3445693; 609142, 3445494; 608533, 3442238; 609472, 
3443827; 610969, 3445857; 610665, 3445660; 609099, 3445533; 608572, 
3442239; 609488, 3443870; 610977, 3445917; 610624, 3445644; 609062, 
3445562; 608629, 3442241; 609501, 3443915; 610981, 3445960; 610583, 
3445615; 609037, 3445586; 608666, 3442244; 609525, 3443956; 610987, 
3446007; 610547, 3445588; 608990, 3445593; 608715, 3442250; 609548, 
3443995; 610998, 3446040; 610536, 3445568; 608922, 3445607; 608793, 
3442256; 609583, 3444048; 611002, 3446062; 610514, 3445529; 608883, 
3445603; 608840, 3442271; 609613, 3444096; 611028, 3446107; 610499, 
3445490; 608824, 3445611; 608894, 3442297; 609642, 3444147; 611043, 
3446154; 610489, 3445459; 608764, 3445619; 608947, 3442324; 609681, 
3444202; 611069, 3446197; 610471, 3445422; 608709, 3445632; 608976, 
3442340; 609710, 3444235; 611100, 3446230; 610432, 3445398; 608660, 
3445642; 609009, 3442347; 609747, 3444266; 611131, 3446278; 610387, 
3445390; 608609, 3445656; 609039, 3442347; 609763, 3444284; 611151, 
3446314; 610352, 3445392; 608541, 3445671; 609082, 3442347; 609819, 
3444391; 611172, 3446355; 610307, 3445418; 608486, 3445689; 609111, 
3442346; 610028, 3444758; 611184, 3446370; 610272, 3445449; 608434, 
3445711; 609162, 3442347; 610165, 3445023; 611209, 3446400; 610237, 
3445476; 608399, 3445728; 608365, 3445755; 607200, 3445385; 605828, 
3445088; 605381, 3446338; 605733, 3447127; 608324, 3445791; 607175, 
3445377; 605810, 3445098; 605351, 3446369; 605738, 3447148; 608289, 
3445822; 607157, 3445375; 605810, 3445104; 605328, 3446404; 605738, 
3447171; 608264, 3445861; 607145, 3445367; 605782, 3445127; 605322, 
3446437; 605734, 3447199; 608244, 3445892; 607126, 3445355; 605767, 
3445157; 605307, 3446461; 605733, 3447221; 608233, 3445919; 607118, 
3445338; 605771, 3445189; 605289, 3446489; 605739, 3447247; 608217, 
3445935; 607101, 3445330; 605779, 3445226; 605279, 3446506; 605738, 
3447260; 608194, 3445949; 607069, 3445324; 605784, 3445267; 605268, 
3446535; 605741, 3447270; 608164, 3445949; 607044, 3445320; 605789, 
3445288; 605258, 3446560; 605754, 3447290; 608137, 3445929; 607017, 
3445310; 605802, 3445309; 605254, 3446583; 605769, 3447309; 608063, 
3445876; 606983, 3445303; 605803, 3445342; 605258, 3446604; 605779, 
3447324; 607985, 3445824; 606950, 3445295; 605800, 3445373; 605264, 
3446626; 605784, 3447339; 607877, 3445761; 606927, 3445289; 605794, 
3445406; 605281, 3446641; 605795, 3447355; 607860, 3445744; 606898, 
3445275; 605789, 3445433; 605296, 3446655; 605805, 3447372; 607838, 
3445720; 606866, 3445265; 605787, 3445475; 605309, 3446673; 605810, 
3447382; 607817, 3445699; 606825, 3445246; 605777, 3445512; 605322, 
3446692; 605823, 3447398; 607793, 3445689; 606796, 3445240; 605775, 
3445551; 605353, 3446713; 605833, 3447421; 607768, 3445685; 606757, 
3445230; 605767, 3445584; 605378, 3446736; 605835, 3447439; 607747, 
3445693; 606732, 3445219; 605761, 3445612; 605404, 3446742; 605823, 
3447457; 607731, 3445707; 606691, 3445199; 605749, 3445643; 605424, 
3446756; 605826, 3447480; 607710, 3445703; 606659, 3445189; 605738, 
3445671; 605452, 3446759; 605841, 3447508; 607684, 3445689; 606630, 
3445187; 605741, 3445709; 605475, 3446767; 605856, 3447533; 607637, 
3445681; 606605, 3445189; 605761, 3445732; 605499, 3446782; 605876, 
3447549; 607618, 3445673; 606577, 3445185; 605767, 3445770; 605529, 
3446797; 605894, 3447571; 607592, 3445658; 606548, 3445180; 605779, 
3445796; 605534, 3446813; 605895, 3447595; 607567, 3445632; 606507, 
3445166; 605775, 3445827; 605550, 3446821; 605882, 3447622; 607553, 
3445613; 606458, 3445156; 605766, 3445855; 605568, 3446835; 605876, 
3447650; 607524, 3445601; 606417, 3445141; 605759, 3445885; 605578, 
3446846; 605869, 3447674; 607505, 3445591; 606384, 3445129; 605754, 
3445929; 605596, 3446862; 605879, 3447709; 607464, 3445584; 606363, 
3445125; 605756, 3445970; 605606, 3446882; 605900, 3447725; 607444, 
3445572; 606320, 3445117; 605751, 3446006; 605609, 3446895; 605918, 
3447724; 607419, 3445550; 606279, 3445107; 605738, 3446024; 605613, 
3446908; 605927, 3447714; 607411, 3445527; 606248, 3445100; 605701, 
3446049; 605628, 3446922; 605950, 3447701; 607389, 3445521; 606220, 
3445100; 605674, 3446070; 605636, 3446931; 605966, 3447714; 607362, 
3445515; 606195, 3445103; 605637, 3446092; 605644, 3446948; 605978, 
3447733; 607343, 3445515; 606169, 3445094; 605598, 3446121; 605657, 
3446969; 605979, 3447753; 607315, 3445498; 606127, 3445094; 605570, 
3446146; 605667, 3446977; 605978, 3447770; 607292, 3445494; 606086, 
3445086; 605544, 3446162; 605675, 3447005; 605987, 3447789; 607276, 
3445492; 606064, 3445082; 605511, 3446177; 605685, 3447020; 605986, 
3447814; 607251, 3445476; 606031, 3445074; 605486, 3446190; 605695, 
3447033; 605996, 3447821; 607239, 3445463; 605998, 3445074; 605468, 
3446217; 605701, 3447047; 606010, 3447830; 607229, 3445435; 605959, 
3445074; 605445, 3446251; 605710, 3447058; 606025, 3447847; 607227, 
3445412; 605922, 3445074; 605424, 3446286; 605718, 3447083; 606037, 
3447862; 607214, 3445404; 605863, 3445080; 605407, 3446302; 605731, 
3447112; 606048, 3447883; 606048, 3447903; 606372, 3448573; 605898, 
3449716; 604112, 3453023; 607252, 3461523; 606048, 3447922; 606379, 
3448593; 605845, 3449777; 604114, 3453343; 607780, 3461019; 606056, 
3447941; 606370, 3448609; 605792, 3449843; 604112, 3453859; 608187, 
3460561; 606071, 3447955; 606351, 3448626; 605755, 3449904; 603180, 
3453862; 608388, 3460205; 606088, 3447962; 606339, 3448634; 605704, 
3449943; 601371, 3453846; 608490, 3460024; 606099, 3447990; 606314, 
3448644; 605657, 3449993; 600479, 3453854; 608742, 3459714; 606104, 
3448005; 606295, 3448654; 605612, 3450012; 600471, 3453415; 609049, 
3459378; 606099, 3448026; 606282, 3448665; 605556, 3450044; 600056, 
3453412; 609401, 3459156; 606089, 3448037; 606268, 3448682; 605485, 
3450105; 600058, 3454213; 609565, 3459135; 606078, 3448054; 606257, 
3448700; 605435, 3450173; 600492, 3454225; 609909, 3459140; 606071, 
3448074; 606259, 3448718; 605400, 3450218; 600487, 3454484; 610086, 
3459259; 606071, 3448092; 606247, 3448728; 605403, 3450242; 600784,

[[Page 25376]]

3454571; 610242, 3459484; 606093, 3448110; 606234, 3448749; 605390, 
3450292; 601130, 3454851; 610567, 3459794; 606116, 3448120; 606221, 
3448772; 605366, 3450356; 601567, 3455334; 610747, 3459852; 606130, 
3448133; 606213, 3448798; 605331, 3450425; 601936, 3455611; 610759, 
3459840; 606148, 3448153; 606211, 3448831; 605281, 3450504; 602695, 
3455680; 610816, 3459865; 606168, 3448171; 606216, 3448856; 605220, 
3450586; 602857, 3455956; 611009, 3459905; 606178, 3448189; 606218, 
3448889; 605178, 3450636; 602742, 3456324; 611197, 3460003; 606183, 
3448200; 606222, 3448918; 605128, 3450689; 602465, 3456670; 611321, 
3460100; 606209, 3448212; 606237, 3448955; 605051, 3450774; 602097, 
3456301; 611570, 3460254; 606227, 3448222; 606249, 3448987; 604948, 
3450893; 601706, 3456255; 611620, 3460294; 606255, 3448230; 606244, 
3449007; 604866, 3451012; 601268, 3456531; 612406, 3460241; 606272, 
3448245; 606226, 3449009; 604800, 3451142; 601107, 3456923; 613128, 
3460227; 606283, 3448261; 606199, 3449020; 604770, 3451213; 601084, 
3457360; 614001, 3460241; 606287, 3448276; 606183, 3449035; 604680, 
3451298; 601130, 3457867; 615554, 3460246; 606277, 3448284; 606175, 
3449050; 604503, 3451488; 600762, 3458898; 616874, 3460254; 606264, 
3448300; 606183, 3449078; 604371, 3451658; 600324, 3459566; 617149, 
3460262; 606255, 3448315; 606188, 3449104; 604270, 3451798; 600094, 
3460118; 617147, 3460707; 606241, 3448328; 606193, 3449139; 604231, 
3451928; 600532, 3460763; 617150, 3460709; 606229, 3448348; 606183, 
3449162; 604220, 3452012; 600808, 3461384; 617226, 3460649; 606219, 
3448363; 606178, 3449179; 604217, 3452094; 601268, 3462167; 617333, 
3460688; 606213, 3448378; 606159, 3449210; 604220, 3452176; 602097, 
3462765; 617401, 3460717; 606216, 3448396; 606157, 3449245; 604236, 
3452248; 602938, 3463027; 617565, 3460669; 606224, 3448415; 606165, 
3449287; 604225, 3452290; 603338, 3463009; 617798, 3460639; 606237, 
3448427; 606144, 3449311; 604204, 3452372; 603552, 3463002; 617905, 
3460727; 606250, 3448437; 606104, 3449351; 604149, 3452481; 603755, 
3463002; 618070, 3460766; 606270, 3448442; 606091, 3449380; 604135, 
3452544; 603943, 3462961; 618041, 3460863; 606285, 3448455; 606083, 
3449414; 604133, 3452608; 604138, 3462939; 618138, 3460814; 606291, 
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[[Page 25377]]

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[[Page 25378]]

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[[Page 25379]]

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3589547; 643688, 3590126; 643319, 3591754; 642764, 3586053; 642416, 
3587233; 642264, 3589595; 643705, 3590175; 643290, 3591804; 642810, 
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3599595; 641244, 3602381; 645991, 3607263; 650242, 3608962; 642735, 
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3608912; 642767, 3596724; 643621, 3599680; 641281, 3602482; 646350, 
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3599738; 641268, 3602593; 647921, 3609337; 650070, 3608783; 642708, 
3597010; 643637, 3599759; 641252, 3602654; 647900, 3610139; 650017, 
3608746; 642708, 3597087; 643669, 3599780; 641231, 3602693; 648681, 
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3543270; 652793, 3540709; 650069, 3535112; 655431, 3548083; 655798, 
3546453; 656075, 3543283; 652676, 3540557; 650031, 3535080; 655409, 
3548055; 655785, 3546400; 656080, 3543289; 652644, 3540509; 649986, 
3535061; 655365, 3548013; 655765, 3546343; 656083, 3543294; 652603, 
3540420; 649948, 3535010; 655356, 3547970; 655745, 3546296; 656092, 
3543297; 652460, 3540062; 649878, 3534889; 655358, 3547918; 655719, 
3546248; 656111, 3543298; 652333, 3539760; 649818, 3534804; 655363, 
3547900; 655709, 3546221; 656130, 3543296; 652202, 3539433; 649685, 
3534661; 655384, 3547882; 655694, 3546181; 656160, 3543281; 652009, 
3538941; 649593, 3534543; 655398, 3547866; 655692, 3546157; 656250, 
3543223; 651917, 3538728; 649507, 3534423; 655705, 3547677; 655690, 
3546130; 656267, 3543213; 651879, 3538617; 649453, 3534350; 655699, 
3547668; 655673, 3546063; 656185, 3543001; 651853, 3538509; 649402, 
3534242; 655689, 3547651; 655649, 3545991; 656185, 3543001; 651828, 
3538366; 649326, 3534112; 655676, 3547641; 655640, 3545940; 655980, 
3542460; 651812, 3538198; 649259, 3533953; 655664, 3547628; 655633, 
3545910; 655979, 3542460; 651764, 3538030; 649161, 3533731; 655654, 
3547617; 655627, 3545871; 655952, 3542389; 651758, 3537944; 649050, 
3533448; 655644, 3547604; 655626, 3545798; 655979, 3542346; 651752, 
3537404; 649015, 3533369; 648580, 3533362; 644760, 3531384; 647669, 
3526453; 650551, 3521246; 644462, 3520484; 647967, 3533353; 644636, 
3531241; 647713, 3526460; 650421, 3521094; 644500, 3520088; 647926, 
3533353; 644582, 3531130; 647754, 3526485; 650037, 3520688; 644481, 
3520005; 647865, 3533340; 644564, 3531117; 647821, 3526533; 649955, 
3520599; 644459, 3519926; 647770, 3533321; 644565, 3531110; 647891, 
3526587; 649878, 3520440; 644405, 3519856; 647643, 3533277; 644544, 
3531067; 647942, 3526619; 649758, 3520148; 644316, 3519808; 647561, 
3533219; 644519, 3530997; 647996, 3526638; 649716, 3520024; 643966, 
3519599; 647465, 3533197; 644484, 3530879; 648015, 3526638; 649488, 
3520116; 643693, 3519440; 647399, 3533197; 644455, 3530711; 648040, 
3526615; 649154, 3520240; 643538, 3519338; 647335, 3533200; 644449, 
3530594; 648469, 3526219; 648897, 3520338; 643233, 3519167; 647275, 
3533184; 644452, 3530517; 648627, 3526082; 648853, 3520351; 643138, 
3519097; 647218, 3533153; 644395, 3530511; 648726, 3525961; 648789, 
3520354; 643058, 3519033; 647110, 3533115; 644354, 3530514; 648805, 
3525866; 648354, 3520354; 642982, 3518938; 646983, 3533070; 644370, 
3530397; 648891, 3525774; 647777, 3520351; 642874, 3518827; 646840, 
3533032; 644405, 3530273; 648973, 3525685; 647650, 3520351; 642757, 
3518722; 646741, 3533016; 644465, 3530102; 649040, 3525564; 647573, 
3520380; 642633, 3518675; 646678, 3533010; 644513, 3529962; 649113, 
3525444; 647519, 3520418; 642519, 3518649; 646583, 3533010; 644586, 
3529762; 649183, 3525326; 647443, 3520481; 642465, 3518611; 646497, 
3532997; 644659, 3529600; 649250, 3525212; 647354, 3520577; 642366, 
3518522; 646405, 3532975; 644754, 3529435; 649291, 3525107; 647278, 
3520637; 642188, 3518345; 646335, 3532959; 644808, 3529349; 649351, 
3524955; 647183, 3520681; 642036, 3518132; 646272, 3532902; 644840, 
3529254; 649402, 3524825; 647110, 3520691; 641969, 3518033; 646221, 
3532851; 644887, 3529063; 649453, 3524675; 647027, 3520688; 641852, 
3517808; 646126, 3532769; 644960, 3528768; 649485, 3524583; 646948, 
3520688; 641480, 3516887; 646078, 3532711; 645005, 3528603; 649501, 
3524498; 646808, 3520704; 641353, 3516614; 645992, 3532629; 645049, 
3528514; 649523, 3524412; 646691, 3520716; 641287, 3516541; 645941, 
3532613; 645138, 3528368; 649548, 3524355; 646529, 3520738; 641157, 
3516465; 645878, 3532613; 645243, 3528222; 649612, 3524282; 646367, 
3520754; 641026, 3516386; 645814, 3532626; 645405, 3528035; 649723, 
3524155; 646326, 3520755; 640925, 3516322; 645754, 3532638; 645468, 
3527968; 649764, 3524091; 646326, 3520761; 640763, 3516249; 645713, 
3532632; 645627, 3527816; 649777, 3524082; 646126, 3520792; 640601, 
3516179; 645662, 3532610; 645748, 3527701; 649777, 3524082; 645875, 
3520850; 640471, 3516112; 645608, 3532562; 645824, 3527650; 649897, 
3523850; 645710, 3520891; 640372, 3516065; 645557, 3532492; 645983, 
3527546; 649977, 3523701; 645513, 3520967; 640204, 3515966; 645443, 
3532318; 646056, 3527492; 650040, 3523656; 645341, 3521040; 640096, 
3515903; 645376, 3532238; 646465, 3527260; 650116, 3523612; 645183, 
3521104; 639934, 3515817; 645275, 3532118; 646538, 3527212; 650174, 
3523605; 645103, 3521167; 639845, 3515789; 645198, 3532010; 646649, 
3527136; 650139, 3523024; 645008, 3521243; 639750, 3515789; 645068, 
3531880; 646837, 3526977; 650123, 3522843; 644852, 3521370; 639655, 
3515785; 645040, 3531822; 647243, 3526663; 650136, 3522770; 644709, 
3521478; 639553, 3515776; 644973, 3531740; 647269, 3526628; 650113, 
3522691; 644643, 3521529; 639394, 3515754; 644925, 3531670; 647332, 
3526596; 650586, 3521472; 644621, 3521523; 639248, 3515738; 644881, 
3531575; 647586, 3526463; 650612, 3521393; 644567, 3521443; 639087, 
3515735; 644798, 3531476; 647627, 3526450; 650609, 3521326; 644557, 
3521358; 638909, 3515738; 638756, 3515741; 638289, 3510816; 634378, 
3509479; 624936, 3502867; 628776, 3496935; 638626, 3515741; 638217, 
3510734; 634394, 3508561; 624936, 3502632; 628782, 3496936; 638540, 
3515354; 638185, 3510701; 634396, 3507444; 624959, 3502521; 628781, 
3496912; 638515, 3515265; 638151, 3510681; 634195, 3507449; 624968, 
3502479; 628790, 3496912; 638493, 3515125; 637976, 3510569; 633235, 
3507431; 625093, 3502178; 628867, 3496911; 638467, 3514992; 637948, 
3510559; 632306, 3507412; 625213, 3501919; 628989, 3496912; 638486, 
3514954; 637936, 3510565; 632076, 3507413; 625370, 3501591; 629149, 
3496912; 638518, 3514833; 637918, 3510591; 632076, 3507412; 626064, 
3500139; 629164, 3496915; 638556, 3514760; 637896, 3510609; 631160, 
3507399; 626106, 3500014; 629325, 3496916; 638613, 3514677; 637886, 
3510608; 631139, 3509839; 626166, 3499843; 629427, 3496918; 638664, 
3514614; 637856, 3510602; 630998, 3509711; 626212, 3499691; 629439, 
3496920; 638709, 3514531; 637823, 3510625; 630868, 3509595; 626254, 
3499547; 629662, 3496922; 638744, 3514468; 637800, 3510640; 630374, 
3509161; 626295, 3499469; 629709, 3496922; 638759, 3514363; 637638, 
3510553; 630244, 3509008; 626369, 3499316; 629716, 3496925; 638750, 
3514265; 637536, 3510469; 630138, 3508865; 626415, 3499150; 629978, 
3496929; 638747, 3514141; 637430, 3510451; 629999, 3508666; 626457, 
3498974; 629991, 3496932; 638748, 3514107; 636824, 3510349; 629846, 
3508393; 626489, 3498808; 630208, 3496934; 638744, 3514079; 636704,

[[Page 25382]]

3510317; 629703, 3508231; 626499, 3498701; 630247, 3496913; 638721, 
3514013; 636662, 3510266; 629587, 3508130; 626476, 3498558; 630277, 
3496913; 638717, 3513979; 636611, 3510233; 629412, 3508028; 626471, 
3498401; 630282, 3496915; 638726, 3513955; 636588, 3510247; 629236, 
3507958; 626480, 3498276; 630384, 3496918; 638807, 3513892; 636542, 
3510257; 628866, 3507861; 626499, 3498151; 630485, 3496918; 638813, 
3513869; 636542, 3510312; 628607, 3507792; 626526, 3497980; 630493, 
3496921; 638786, 3513767; 636556, 3510377; 628445, 3507764; 626531, 
3497957; 630654, 3496924; 638775, 3513703; 636621, 3510627; 628334, 
3507760; 626536, 3497961; 630659, 3496926; 638763, 3513590; 636630, 
3510728; 628108, 3507760; 626660, 3498008; 630817, 3496926; 638761, 
3513540; 636579, 3510811; 627895, 3507764; 626739, 3498031; 630894, 
3496932; 638810, 3513392; 636177, 3511163; 627770, 3507797; 626818, 
3498031; 630982, 3496934; 638873, 3513185; 635770, 3511514; 627632, 
3507824; 626873, 3498035; 630998, 3496936; 638898, 3512936; 635562, 
3511690; 627534, 3507861; 626993, 3498012; 631162, 3496939; 638919, 
3512728; 635460, 3511769; 627488, 3507880; 627090, 3497980; 631167, 
3496941; 638938, 3512582; 635317, 3511866; 627405, 3507884; 627206, 
3497934; 631331, 3496943; 638933, 3512481; 635261, 3511903; 627386, 
3507880; 627373, 3497878; 631336, 3496945; 638916, 3512347; 635183, 
3511903; 627303, 3507843; 627479, 3497841; 631417, 3496945; 638887, 
3512231; 634410, 3511991; 627248, 3507797; 627590, 3497818; 631826, 
3496950; 638853, 3512074; 633721, 3512097; 627035, 3507431; 628357, 
3497679; 632090, 3496953; 638850, 3512050; 633402, 3512166; 626984, 
3507371; 628709, 3497610; 632086, 3497757; 638858, 3511953; 633333, 
3512176; 626933, 3507353; 628792, 3497610; 632552, 3497752; 638855, 
3511893; 632949, 3512176; 625763, 3507348; 628755, 3497471; 632884, 
3497751; 638835, 3511832; 632339, 3511325; 625731, 3507251; 628752, 
3497357; 632885, 3497681; 638749, 3511612; 631826, 3510660; 625657, 
3506863; 628752, 3497271; 632886, 3497425; 638625, 3511211; 633003, 
3510662; 625625, 3506636; 628770, 3497154; 632889, 3497200; 638516, 
3511085; 633876, 3510668; 625172, 3504204; 628789, 3497074; 632891, 
3496947; 638427, 3510976; 634350, 3510676; 624977, 3503117; 628776, 
3497006; 632893, 3496702; 632893, 3496447; 632992, 3489361; 634467, 
3485866; 633177, 3484760; 629839, 3461806; 632895, 3496201; 632989, 
3489062; 634450, 3485855; 633161, 3484746; 629524, 3461660; 632899, 
3495947; 632982, 3489066; 634431, 3485838; 633144, 3484723; 629358, 
3461581; 632898, 3495715; 632973, 3489071; 634416, 3485821; 633125, 
3484698; 629334, 3461559; 632899, 3495588; 632961, 3489084; 634397, 
3485796; 633112, 3484666; 629164, 3461348; 632902, 3495459; 632943, 
3489093; 634382, 3485778; 633109, 3484643; 629088, 3461258; 632902, 
3495340; 632928, 3489103; 634361, 3485758; 633093, 3484627; 629067, 
3461234; 632902, 3495275; 632895, 3489116; 634345, 3485734; 633074, 
3484610; 629035, 3461216; 632903, 3495190; 632854, 3489143; 634328, 
3485712; 633044, 3484578; 628987, 3461205; 632903, 3495190; 632763, 
3489202; 634292, 3485670; 633031, 3484561; 628873, 3461163; 632912, 
3494533; 632763, 3489203; 634236, 3485612; 633024, 3484554; 628821, 
3461147; 632801, 3494531; 632702, 3489250; 634181, 3485557; 633042, 
3481275; 628799, 3461141; 632784, 3494569; 632670, 3489270; 634141, 
3485523; 633106, 3478970; 628770, 3461107; 632743, 3494628; 632614, 
3489301; 634101, 3485499; 635695, 3478295; 628318, 3460525; 632724, 
3494664; 632570, 3489318; 634049, 3485478; 635866, 3478295; 628309, 
3460529; 632703, 3494699; 632577, 3488940; 634012, 3485461; 635301, 
3477352; 628184, 3460366; 632681, 3494727; 632985, 3488945; 633991, 
3485455; 635172, 3477172; 627754, 3459840; 632637, 3494779; 632982, 
3488876; 633963, 3485442; 634812, 3476633; 627630, 3459658; 632604, 
3494856; 632978, 3488668; 633926, 3485419; 634589, 3476307; 627617, 
3459613; 632518, 3495035; 632977, 3488544; 633885, 3485389; 634358, 
3475827; 627606, 3459570; 632500, 3495061; 632973, 3488406; 633850, 
3485365; 634204, 3475270; 627588, 3459364; 632506, 3494899; 632970, 
3488279; 633810, 3485367; 634118, 3474696; 627466, 3457922; 632517, 
3494241; 632969, 3488167; 633795, 3485359; 634083, 3474532; 627447, 
3457631; 632544, 3492923; 632970, 3487996; 633760, 3485344; 634084, 
3474407; 627447, 3457562; 632937, 3492929; 633376, 3488006; 633730, 
3485321; 633662, 3468424; 627461, 3457496; 632940, 3492736; 633401, 
3486379; 633705, 3485302; 633614, 3468135; 627664, 3456813; 632945, 
3492482; 633568, 3486380; 633656, 3485269; 633397, 3467749; 627693, 
3456742; 632950, 3492242; 633858, 3486381; 633606, 3485227; 633336, 
3467636; 627762, 3456641; 632952, 3491990; 634145, 3486382; 633571, 
3485186; 633244, 3467494; 627804, 3456599; 632958, 3491739; 634412, 
3486379; 633530, 3485141; 633225, 3467462; 628048, 3456411; 632961, 
3491502; 634608, 3486380; 633498, 3485105; 633255, 3466022; 628630, 
3455959; 632961, 3491292; 634605, 3486357; 633472, 3485074; 633269, 
3465351; 628723, 3455887; 633066, 3491294; 634606, 3486336; 633455, 
3485046; 633258, 3464185; 628746, 3455869; 633199, 3491293; 634608, 
3486313; 633436, 3485014; 633261, 3464067; 628770, 3455832; 633334, 
3491296; 634603, 3486274; 633413, 3484993; 632852, 3463963; 628834, 
3455758; 633466, 3491296; 634594, 3486212; 633395, 3484991; 632527, 
3463897; 628979, 3455572; 633596, 3491297; 634583, 3486164; 633376, 
3484977; 632098, 3463776; 629252, 3455218; 633832, 3491300; 634561, 
3486105; 633352, 3484949; 631666, 3463600; 629889, 3454392; 633831, 
3490506; 634524, 3486014; 633321, 3484915; 631263, 3463378; 630059, 
3454159; 632989, 3490495; 634512, 3485988; 633297, 3484881; 630865, 
3463131; 630188, 3453990; 632171, 3490491; 634507, 3485963; 633271, 
3484849; 630540, 3462834; 630230, 3453934; 632184, 3489673; 634495, 
3485935; 633246, 3484820; 630265, 3462475; 631288, 3453835; 632996, 
3489690; 634480, 3485914; 633219, 3484793; 630014, 3462099; 631720, 
3454819; 632995, 3489610; 634475, 3485878; 633198, 3484776; 629971, 
3462038; 632153, 3454465; 632650, 3454111; 633274, 3453516; 633566, 
3453131; 633635, 3453079; 633868, 3452726; 634063, 3452327; 634223, 
3451958; 634338, 3451217; 634382, 3450854; 634356, 3450389; 634275, 
3450112; 634241, 3449864; 633676, 3449861; 633723, 3449540; 633583, 
3448502; 633171, 3447753; 632488, 3447108; 631964, 3446518; 631534, 
3445999; 631072, 3445114; 630997, 3443829; 631384, 3442719; 632210, 
3441980; 633594, 3440733; 634405, 3439685; 635378, 3438749; 636938, 
3437365; 637247, 3436192; 637072, 3435194; 636773, 3434209; 635837, 
3433273; 635288, 3432804; 634103, 3432193; 632669, 3431519; 631309, 
3431132; 630236, 3430683; 629550, 3430259; 628989, 3429735; 628278, 
3429149; 627903, 3428941; 627696, 3428995; 627611, 3429276; 627488, 
3429768; 627488, 3430042; 627684, 3430417; 627584, 3430657; 627261, 
3431025; 627070, 3431218.
    (ii) Map of Unit 1, Tensas River Basin, follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 25383]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06MY08.114

    (7) Unit 2: Upper Atchafalaya River Basin.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale digital ortho-photo quarter-
quadrangles: Batchelor NE; Batchelor NW; Batchelor SE; Batchelor SW; 
Bayou Current NE; Bayou Current NW; Bayou Current SE; Big Bend SE; 
Butte La Rose NE; Butte

[[Page 25384]]

La Rose NW; Butte La Rose SE; Butte La Rose SW; Catahoula NE; Catahoula 
NW; Catahoula SE; Catahoula SW; Centerville NE; Centerville NE SW; 
Centerville NW; Centerville NW NE; Centerville NW NW; Centerville NW 
SE; Centerville NW SW; Centerville SE; Charenton NE; Charenton SE; Cow 
Bayou NW; Cow Bayou SW; Erwinville NW; Fordoche NE; Fordoche NW; 
Fordoche; Grand River SW; Innis NE; Innis NW; Innis SE; Innis Jackass 
Bay NE; Jackass Bay NW; Jackass Bay SE; Jackass Bay SW; Krotz Springs 
NE; Krotz Springs SE; Lacour SW; Lake Chicot NW; Lake Chicot SW; Lake 
Mongoulois NE; Lake Mongoulois NW; Lake Mongoulois SE; Lake Mongoulois 
SW; Loreauville NE; Lottie NE; Lottie NW; Lottie SE; Lottie SW; 
Maringouin NE; Maringouin NW; Maringouin NW NE; Maringouin NW NW; 
Maringouin NW SE; Maringouin NW SW; Maringouin SE; Maringouin SW; 
Melville NE; Melville NW; Melville SE; Melville SW; Morganza NE; 
Morganza NW; Morganza SE; Morganza SW; New Roads NW; New Roads SW; 
North Bend NE; Patterson NE; Patterson NW; Portage NE; Simmesport NE; 
Simmesport SE; Swayze Lake NE; Tiger Island NW; Tiger Island SE; Tiger 
Island SW; Turnbull Island SE; Turnbull Island SW; Louisiana. Land 
bounded by the following UTM Zone 15N, North American Datum of 1983 
(NAD83) coordinates (E, N): 627070, 3431218; 622846, 3423182; 633656, 
3402371; 632966, 3398656; 646698, 3394803; 624888, 3428860; 622925, 
3423142; 633606, 3402336; 634014, 3398693; 646362, 3394427; 624679, 
3428635; 623229, 3423055; 633535, 3402289; 635504, 3398712; 646209, 
3394250; 624539, 3428524; 623782, 3422928; 633479, 3402262; 635494, 
3399338; 646050, 3394104; 624367, 3428418; 623915, 3422888; 633437, 
3402238; 635494, 3399372; 645933, 3393974; 624042, 3428281; 623970, 
3422841; 633381, 3402196; 635496, 3399396; 645881, 3393906; 623468, 
3428034; 624010, 3422775; 633347, 3402167; 635544, 3399422; 645661, 
3393580; 622430, 3427587; 624036, 3422708; 633323, 3402151; 635846, 
3399597; 645589, 3393480; 622200, 3427492; 624039, 3422621; 633302, 
3402130; 635918, 3399551; 645468, 3393332; 622060, 3427426; 624042, 
3422497; 632779, 3401762; 635951, 3399527; 645404, 3393228; 621981, 
3427370; 624039, 3422327; 632003, 3401548; 636040, 3399480; 645322, 
3393064; 621946, 3427328; 624050, 3422216; 631942, 3401534; 636154, 
3399421; 645108, 3392480; 621888, 3427251; 624055, 3422145; 631868, 
3401529; 636341, 3399358; 645050, 3392257; 621854, 3427180; 624132, 
3421909; 631820, 3401532; 636450, 3399338; 645002, 3392091; 621814, 
3427087; 624288, 3421478; 631688, 3401561; 636619, 3399306; 644968, 
3392022; 621782, 3426973; 624843, 3419975; 631595, 3401595; 636803, 
3399280; 644920, 3391961; 621774, 3426865; 625373, 3418525; 631444, 
3401622; 638372, 3399028; 644865, 3391903; 621777, 3426770; 625833, 
3417279; 631354, 3401654; 639888, 3398792; 644838, 3391853; 621795, 
3426685; 625936, 3417054; 631026, 3401733; 639989, 3398792; 644806, 
3391781; 621832, 3426561; 625962, 3417024; 630897, 3401765; 640124, 
3398777; 644788, 3391681; 621891, 3426354; 626014, 3416951; 630831, 
3401783; 640202, 3398766; 644767, 3391588; 622102, 3425785; 626081, 
3416850; 630783, 3401796; 640415, 3398730; 644756, 3391522; 622166, 
3425584; 626130, 3416712; 630741, 3401799; 640875, 3398660; 644751, 
3391503; 622190, 3425518; 626156, 3416598; 630669, 3401788; 641602, 
3398540; 644752, 3391502; 622206, 3425449; 626172, 3416494; 630555, 
3401767; 641752, 3398520; 644732, 3391408; 622208, 3425338; 626208, 
3416310; 630630, 3401728; 643510, 3398236; 644730, 3391367; 622198, 
3425217; 626245, 3416157; 630641, 3401712; 644243, 3398125; 644774, 
3391009; 622198, 3425132; 626297, 3415988; 630659, 3401601; 644367, 
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3424870; 626704, 3415027; 630606, 3401582; 644848, 3398005; 644888, 
3390340; 622055, 3424793; 627548, 3413586; 630860, 3401180; 645996, 
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3424529; 630119, 3409164; 630966, 3401124; 645985, 3397247; 644973, 
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3402431; 632249, 3398648; 646849, 3394988; 642256, 3387853; 642221, 
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3384484; 638673, 3382831; 634871, 3383021; 631271, 3378343; 641057, 
3385831; 639620, 3384461; 638636, 3382799; 634871, 3383000; 631866, 
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[[Page 25385]]

641049, 3385702; 639655, 3384413; 638602, 3382767; 634882, 3382971; 
632065, 3378025; 641049, 3385508; 639655, 3384365; 638554, 3382727; 
634929, 3382910; 632239, 3377975; 641052, 3385463; 639623, 3384320; 
638512, 3382688; 634939, 3382880; 632586, 3377877; 641110, 3385270; 
639586, 3384294; 638477, 3382640; 634934, 3382855; 633006, 3377763; 
641115, 3385244; 639525, 3384267; 638464, 3382614; 635368, 3382326; 
633126, 3377734; 641123, 3385019; 639483, 3384230; 638438, 3382624; 
636285, 3381183; 633274, 3377684; 641123, 3384889; 639472, 3384193; 
638385, 3382529; 635295, 3381186; 633790, 3377491; 641134, 3384828; 
639462, 3384138; 638361, 3382545; 634420, 3381205; 634104, 3377374; 
641160, 3384773; 639454, 3384080; 638321, 3382561; 634179, 3381200; 
634226, 3377329; 641216, 3384731; 639443, 3384000; 638276, 3382590; 
633198, 3381222; 634263, 3377308; 641280, 3384699; 639443, 3383942; 
638239, 3382603; 631550, 3381246; 634874, 3376964; 641356, 3384656; 
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635269, 3376745; 641391, 3384585; 639536, 3383799; 638020, 3382709; 
630857, 3381307; 635330, 3376700; 641269, 3384582; 639565, 3383717; 
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639110, 3372980; 640634, 3384646; 639456, 3383511; 637022, 3383021; 
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639944, 3370006; 636556, 3361878; 635835, 3349009; 642117, 3337087; 
646125, 3326219; 640222, 3369069; 635191, 3361434; 635745, 3348821; 
642267, 3336931; 646003, 3326068; 640243, 3368992; 633944, 3361029; 
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632338, 3360502; 635616, 3348477; 642741, 3336330; 645747, 3325478; 
640248, 3368916; 631046, 3360107; 635613, 3348300; 643011, 3335989; 
645651, 3325034; 640240, 3368873; 630832, 3360037; 635658, 3348088; 
643373, 3335549; 645588, 3324285; 640253, 3368831; 630888, 3359920; 
635756, 3347982; 643569, 3335370; 645577, 3324055; 640343, 3368524; 
630967, 3359714; 635973, 3347776; 643799, 3335161; 645516, 3323597; 
640388, 3368386; 631049, 3359436; 636293, 3347564; 644059, 3334938; 
645490, 3322930; 641179, 3367027; 631107, 3359142; 636582, 3347355; 
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636952, 3347114; 644419, 3334563; 645556, 3322179; 641199, 3366993; 
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641337, 3366752; 631351, 3357949; 637571, 3346768; 644643, 3334147; 
645813, 3321520; 641437, 3366580; 631472, 3357661; 637894, 3346561; 
644733, 3333922; 646027, 3321144; 641477, 3366511; 631636, 3357169; 
638116, 3346368; 644844, 3333684; 646427, 3320522; 641829, 3365701; 
631771, 3356809; 638251, 3346228; 644987, 3333488; 646654, 3320120; 
641871, 3365603; 631877, 3356486; 638444, 3345964; 645117, 3333385; 
646884, 3319755; 641903, 3365559; 631965, 3356203; 638555, 3345649; 
645268, 3333285; 647324, 3319131; 641982, 3365503; 632052, 3355827; 
638669, 3345191; 645517, 3333155; 647649, 3318789; 642027, 3365455; 
632163, 3355444; 638722, 3344950; 645786, 3333025; 647882, 3318456; 
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647924, 3318380; 642062, 3365408; 632388, 3354689; 638865, 3344635; 
646212, 3332713; 648218, 3318515; 642131, 3365080; 632446, 3354470; 
639161, 3344281; 646400, 3332541; 649246, 3318965; 642149, 3365021; 
632541, 3354137; 639431, 3343976; 646519, 3332369; 649984, 3319318; 
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640778, 3342378; 646699, 3331716; 650349, 3317885; 642231, 3364918; 
632846, 3353396; 640979, 3342193; 646794, 3331396; 650458, 3317341; 
642279, 3364770; 632949, 3353218; 641072, 3342013; 646829, 3331054; 
650641, 3316710; 642340, 3364561; 633213, 3352914; 641209, 3341802; 
646845, 3330649; 650971, 3316118; 642358, 3364503; 633420, 3352710; 
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642408, 3364479; 633851, 3352216; 641669, 3341204; 646847, 3329817; 
652218, 3314835; 642451, 3364484; 633981, 3351985; 641767, 3340947; 
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641834, 3340661; 646982, 3329172; 653092, 3314154; 642514, 3364492; 
634404, 3351409; 641860, 3340304; 647159, 3328727; 653501, 3313549; 
642541, 3364490; 634613, 3351173; 641884, 3339944; 647292, 3328415; 
653656, 3313255; 642623, 3364434; 634923, 3350856; 641902, 3339558; 
647337, 3328174; 653863, 3312929; 642932, 3364233; 635087, 3350686; 
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657231, 3304726; 658375, 3296693; 664568, 3290025; 660530, 3290620; 
654779, 3312040; 657268, 3304633; 658774, 3295820; 664569, 3290010; 
660491, 3290514; 655085, 3311727; 657295, 3304525; 659272, 3295259; 
664568, 3289995; 660483, 3290487; 655520, 3311187; 657329, 3304403; 
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657353, 3304303; 661615, 3293839; 664562, 3289939; 660430, 3290453; 
656152, 3310123; 657379, 3304192; 662046, 3293586; 664536, 3289918; 
659475, 3289874; 656420, 3309433; 657400, 3304139; 662613, 3293297; 
664409, 3290106; 658988, 3289580; 656706, 3308621; 657427, 3304096; 
663166, 3293083; 664330, 3290210; 658943, 3289548; 656727, 3308069; 
657488, 3304075; 663402, 3292981; 664272, 3290268; 658906, 3289500; 
656627, 3307566; 657564, 3304051; 663748, 3292686; 664219, 3290302; 
658572, 3289125; 656524, 3307243; 657609, 3303993; 663854, 3292615;

[[Page 25386]]

664171, 3290329; 658549, 3289082; 656680, 3307072; 657668, 3303911; 
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663605, 3290419; 657800, 3286884; 656966, 3306811; 657772, 3303556; 
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655180, 3293747; 656863, 3305393; 656819, 3300254; 664682, 3290262; 
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656740, 3299862; 664682, 3290196; 661200, 3291083; 654717, 3294181; 
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660821, 3290866; 654143, 3294745; 657107, 3304996; 656952, 3299002; 
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649145, 3306365; 645727, 3314932; 646040, 3315017; 641465, 3318319; 
653077, 3301246; 649142, 3306397; 645754, 3314852; 646071, 3315037; 
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640513, 3319729; 651921, 3301420; 647750, 3307123; 645712, 3314658; 
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647206, 3307634; 645753, 3314782; 645885, 3316087; 640129, 3320386; 
651799, 3301571; 647072, 3307769; 645767, 3314745; 645796, 3316261; 
640050, 3320531; 651772, 3301661; 646989, 3307949; 645815, 3314767; 
645680, 3316369; 639907, 3320700; 651751, 3301748; 646857, 3308067; 
645868, 3314770; 645545, 3316457; 639748, 3320965; 651690, 3301992; 
646738, 3308247; 645926, 3314792; 645397, 3316515; 639645, 3321063; 
651680, 3302013; 646592, 3308551; 645911, 3314840; 645262, 3316544; 
639513, 3321214; 651637, 3302058; 646455, 3308737; 645932, 3314850; 
645148, 3316547; 639364, 3321373; 651619, 3302082; 646222, 3308979; 
645998, 3314762; 645003, 3316552; 638968, 3321830; 651587, 3302206; 
646474, 3309445; 646036, 3314727; 644907, 3316549; 638560, 3322338; 
651450, 3302743; 646273, 3309542; 646079, 3314702; 644820, 3316554; 
638354, 3322627; 651415, 3302873; 646046, 3309684; 646074, 3314649; 
644683, 3316602; 638258, 3322746; 651399, 3302910; 645913, 3309844; 
646087, 3314652; 644548, 3316639; 638118, 3322971; 651365, 3302971; 
645780, 3310026; 646095, 3314703; 644357, 3316689; 637925, 3323243; 
651227, 3303209; 645583, 3310262; 646133, 3314660; 644201, 3316734; 
637798, 3323420; 651190, 3303267; 645404, 3310470; 646173, 3314693; 
644026, 3316771; 637168, 3324370; 651061, 3303418; 645302, 3310602; 
646160, 3314761; 643831, 3316811; 636697, 3325071; 650799, 3303735; 
645173, 3310819; 646137, 3314812; 643637, 3316848; 636478, 3325413; 
650701, 3303847; 645066, 3310995; 646095, 3314817; 643473, 3316859; 
636269, 3325775; 650410, 3304235; 644909, 3311180; 646089, 3314862; 
643362, 3316875; 636131, 3326077; 650240, 3304455; 644760, 3311373; 
646086, 3314893; 643251, 3316898; 636028, 3326291; 635986, 3326336;

[[Page 25387]]

631191, 3332448; 626185, 3340774; 625604, 3345476; 627376, 3348394; 
635963, 3326376; 631019, 3332601; 626172, 3340854; 625620, 3345540; 
627347, 3348463; 635829, 3326550; 630831, 3332734; 626153, 3340907; 
625646, 3345571; 627321, 3348548; 635699, 3326630; 630516, 3332908; 
626150, 3340941; 625694, 3345585; 627279, 3348723; 635432, 3326712; 
630304, 3333011; 626172, 3340962; 625744, 3345585; 627236, 3348868; 
635173, 3326762; 630164, 3333056; 626177, 3340997; 625792, 3345598; 
627175, 3349064; 634956, 3326825; 629989, 3333133; 626174, 3341047; 
625855, 3345619; 627128, 3349223; 634699, 3326915; 629204, 3333588; 
626148, 3341094; 626072, 3345722; 627075, 3349355; 634437, 3327005; 
629093, 3333572; 626140, 3341153; 626130, 3345743; 627011, 3349511; 
634292, 3327095; 628370, 3333975; 626137, 3341206; 626188, 3345770; 
626948, 3349646; 634196, 3327185; 628227, 3334070; 626137, 3341256; 
626241, 3345775; 626898, 3349754; 633987, 3327307; 628079, 3334186; 
626137, 3341322; 626321, 3345791; 626855, 3349828; 633762, 3327384; 
627920, 3334319; 626142, 3341364; 626382, 3345812; 626810, 3349921; 
633569, 3327421; 627796, 3334488; 626137, 3341452; 626487, 3345844; 
626734, 3350082; 633387, 3327453; 627569, 3334834; 626137, 3341534; 
626575, 3345870; 626673, 3350167; 633276, 3327495; 627354, 3335197; 
626132, 3341621; 626715, 3345926; 626607, 3350265; 633167, 3327580; 
627309, 3335290; 626129, 3341698; 626789, 3345974; 626564, 3350344; 
633085, 3327714; 627203, 3335541; 626116, 3341801; 626982, 3346082; 
626554, 3350416; 633024, 3327847; 627293, 3335660; 626097, 3341901; 
627112, 3346156; 626535, 3350511; 632985, 3327979; 627383, 3335845; 
626087, 3341968; 627242, 3346228; 626519, 3350604; 632971, 3328127; 
627611, 3336271; 626071, 3342103; 627337, 3346286; 626482, 3350646; 
632993, 3328228; 627640, 3336390; 626071, 3342187; 627406, 3346310; 
626376, 3350699; 633037, 3328339; 627658, 3336515; 626055, 3342243; 
627517, 3346344; 626326, 3350757; 633096, 3328458; 627664, 3336673; 
626037, 3342293; 627702, 3346405; 626284, 3350823; 633120, 3328529; 
627658, 3336864; 626010, 3342343; 627935, 3346479; 626255, 3350934; 
633109, 3328601; 627658, 3336991; 625992, 3342391; 628146, 3346553; 
626231, 3351059; 633085, 3328736; 627624, 3337110; 625981, 3342465; 
628244, 3346582; 626247, 3351231; 633053, 3328802; 627545, 3337271; 
625973, 3342539; 628342, 3346603; 626284, 3351538; 633043, 3328895; 
627256, 3337557; 625952, 3342648; 628345, 3346653; 626323, 3351744; 
633022, 3328987; 627092, 3337753; 625941, 3342796; 628308, 3346704; 
626339, 3351956; 633011, 3329096; 626994, 3337835; 625933, 3342941; 
628226, 3346783; 626350, 3352194; 633000, 3329180; 626857, 3338012; 
625925, 3343055; 628154, 3346886; 626339, 3352324; 632961, 3329299; 
626769, 3338123; 625902, 3343211; 628014, 3347079; 626297, 3352482; 
632926, 3329408; 626595, 3338303; 625883, 3343425; 627802, 3347413; 
626220, 3352765; 632836, 3329768; 626513, 3338430; 625873, 3343529; 
627742, 3347479; 626186, 3352911; 632760, 3330122; 626383, 3338692; 
625813, 3344140; 627689, 3347564; 626091, 3353226; 632746, 3330228; 
626293, 3338954; 625789, 3344410; 627641, 3347669; 625863, 3353744; 
632728, 3330313; 626314, 3339594; 625770, 3344661; 627609, 3347725; 
625686, 3354221; 632678, 3330374; 626328, 3339819; 625768, 3344801; 
627540, 3347863; 625670, 3354430; 632609, 3330416; 626359, 3340063; 
625760, 3344920; 627519, 3347908; 625733, 3354633; 632241, 3331149; 
626357, 3340137; 625744, 3345016; 627493, 3347974; 625874, 3354861; 
632006, 3331559; 626341, 3340216; 625670, 3345204; 627458, 3348098; 
626016, 3355107; 631897, 3331749; 626314, 3340340; 625665, 3345251; 
627443, 3348183; 626112, 3355313; 631844, 3331818; 626291, 3340425; 
625662, 3345288; 627424, 3348252; 626157, 3355501; 631715, 3331921; 
626248, 3340616; 625625, 3345344; 627413, 3348318; 626114, 3355671; 
631471, 3332178; 626198, 3340698; 625606, 3345399; 627408, 3348352; 
626003, 3355887; 625892, 3356012; 626988, 3362872; 620852, 3370228; 
620569, 3378594; 621288, 3393373; 625696, 3356168; 627059, 3363002; 
620823, 3370453; 620428, 3378890; 621399, 3393696; 625508, 3356261; 
627048, 3363140; 620780, 3370694; 620301, 3379176; 621298, 3394037; 
625355, 3356321; 626935, 3363277; 620757, 3370844; 620111, 3379615; 
621224, 3394231; 625101, 3356406; 626752, 3363346; 620709, 3370987; 
619995, 3379798; 621028, 3394725; 624768, 3356533; 626535, 3363388; 
620627, 3371299; 619979, 3379860; 621010, 3394884; 624561, 3356631; 
626233, 3363457; 620495, 3371585; 619978, 3379859; 621036, 3395080; 
624363, 3356763; 626054, 3363507; 620378, 3371792; 619825, 3380275; 
621071, 3395337; 624178, 3356909; 625733, 3363785; 620278, 3371982; 
619722, 3380524; 621129, 3395635; 623289, 3357491; 625498, 3364058; 
620145, 3372191; 619622, 3380763; 621161, 3395797; 623183, 3357581; 
625419, 3364351; 619981, 3372403; 619476, 3380999; 621293, 3396278; 
623043, 3357713; 625326, 3364598; 619875, 3372622; 619306, 3381361; 
621317, 3396747; 622926, 3357864; 625284, 3364746; 619746, 3372895; 
619200, 3381813; 621269, 3397173; 622873, 3357988; 625196, 3364984; 
619666, 3373085; 619210, 3382109; 621169, 3397649; 622871, 3358142; 
625133, 3365222; 619627, 3373239; 619320, 3382697; 620949, 3398123; 
622939, 3358308; 625056, 3365412; 619571, 3373464; 619399, 3383092; 
620650, 3398639; 623021, 3358441; 624892, 3365693; 619510, 3373691; 
619439, 3383481; 620311, 3399041; 623156, 3358594; 624702, 3365891; 
619473, 3373845; 619429, 3383920; 620079, 3399535; 623278, 3358737; 
624479, 3366159; 619405, 3374160; 619446, 3384315; 619914, 3400102; 
623394, 3358872; 624270, 3366320; 619320, 3374490; 619446, 3384418; 
619869, 3400255; 623471, 3359052; 623992, 3366558; 619238, 3374699; 
619458, 3384433; 619861, 3400253; 623519, 3359234; 623783, 3366823; 
619193, 3374919; 619457, 3384433; 619868, 3400327; 623585, 3359441; 
623601, 3367056; 619217, 3375104; 619584, 3384957; 619640, 3400773; 
623656, 3359560; 623455, 3367325; 619330, 3375252; 619703, 3385534; 
619457, 3401105; 623736, 3359666; 623424, 3367566; 619428, 3375366; 
619716, 3385819; 619159, 3401333; 623815, 3359732; 623405, 3367878; 
619627, 3375533; 619697, 3386192; 619022, 3401608; 623953, 3359793; 
623426, 3368191; 619926, 3375707; 619586, 3386521; 619010, 3401951; 
624096, 3359832; 623453, 3368460; 620270, 3375760; 619465, 3386827; 
619068, 3402363; 624265, 3359885; 623434, 3368754; 620579, 3375734; 
619354, 3387142; 619136, 3402654; 624429, 3359965; 623365, 3368953; 
620878, 3375633; 619316, 3387603; 619216, 3403069; 624561, 3360065; 
623193, 3369273; 621013, 3375636; 619430, 3387910; 619202, 3403302; 
624688, 3360171; 623006, 3369439; 621241, 3375662; 619676, 3388248; 
619102, 3403524; 624813, 3360280; 622714, 3369524; 621394, 3375734; 
620015, 3388518; 618845, 3404038; 624916, 3360428; 622537, 3369532; 
621577, 3375834; 620325, 3388648; 618689, 3404392; 625022, 3360637; 
622415, 3369474; 621680, 3375985; 620510, 3388889; 618562, 3404644; 
625127, 3360864; 622299, 3369355; 621730, 3376160; 620618, 3389230;

[[Page 25388]]

618475, 3404916; 625212, 3361049; 622087, 3369180; 621751, 3376387; 
620587, 3389521; 618377, 3405369; 625310, 3361248; 621958, 3369111; 
621733, 3376557; 620497, 3389899; 618268, 3405697; 625477, 3361494; 
621794, 3369080; 621669, 3376808; 620235, 3390751; 618173, 3405951; 
625641, 3361732; 621614, 3369090; 621548, 3377107; 620187, 3390997; 
618057, 3406109; 625797, 3361917; 621426, 3369135; 621429, 3377306; 
620139, 3391339; 617953, 3406255; 625972, 3362087; 621296, 3369220; 
621296, 3377488; 620073, 3392336; 617726, 3406575; 626146, 3362248; 
621161, 3369334; 621148, 3377671; 620126, 3392540; 617385, 3406948; 
626376, 3362399; 621032, 3369469; 620997, 3377859; 620229, 3392667; 
617012, 3407268; 626681, 3362579; 620899, 3369670; 620828, 3378065; 
620587, 3392849; 616662, 3407512; 626868, 3362732; 620870, 3369918; 
620727, 3378266; 621055, 3393069; 616265, 3407702; 615797, 3407959; 
615575, 3408133; 615220, 3408451; 615099, 3408618; 614898, 3408768; 
614323, 3409067; 614151, 3409173; 613956, 3409448; 613905, 3409755; 
613985, 3410070; 614260, 3410409; 614554, 3410708; 614929, 3411049; 
615030, 3411332; 615017, 3411557; 614900, 3411975; 614673, 3412383; 
614255, 3412735; 613839, 3413036; 613408, 3413285; 613056, 3413584; 
612826, 3413851; 612742, 3413986; 612633, 3414255; 612561, 3414561; 
612585, 3414665; 612665, 3414729; 613011, 3414753; 613390, 3414765; 
613692, 3414792; 613947, 3414860; 614170, 3415008; 614294, 3415147; 
614425, 3415330; 614493, 3415529; 614505, 3415713; 614497, 3416029; 
614518, 3416714; 614484, 3417219; 614499, 3417547; 614497, 3418034; 
614574, 3418523; 614587, 3419005; 614539, 3419704; 614534, 3420407; 
614558, 3421386; 614592, 3421889; 614536, 3422667; 614452, 3423252; 
614362, 3424283; 614367, 3424675; 614346, 3425212; 614304, 3425633; 
614208, 3426024; 614084, 3426572; 614089, 3426810; 614071, 3426879; 
614074, 3426892; 614073, 3426892; 614073, 3427291; 614202, 3427646; 
614318, 3427812; 614662, 3428146; 614759, 3428248; 614759, 3428249; 
615011, 3428360; 615339, 3428453; 615619, 3428516; 616016, 3428582; 
616315, 3428667; 616551, 3428866; 616741, 3429104; 616887, 3429397; 
616955, 3429720; 617093, 3430154; 617241, 3430530; 617426, 3430847; 
617606, 3431085; 617768, 3431231; 618220, 3431485; 618937, 3431821; 
619265, 3432093; 619429, 3432265; 619548, 3432382; 619651, 3432384; 
619771, 3432387; 619863, 3432366; 619964, 3432342; 620040, 3432284; 
620101, 3432210; 620181, 3432104; 620265, 3432041; 620535, 3431940; 
620787, 3431845; 621041, 3431681; 621313, 3431493; 621453, 3431395; 
621631, 3431265; 621760, 3431186; 621887, 3431099; 622094, 3431032; 
622260, 3430982; 622385, 3430980; 622678, 3431022; 622948, 3431070; 
623065, 3431117; 623255, 3431289; 623334, 3431437; 623419, 3431670; 
623446, 3431757; 623530, 3431990; 623602, 3432109; 623692, 3432226; 
623811, 3432300; 623962, 3432377; 624152, 3432456; 624411, 3432472; 
624737, 3432448; 624930, 3432387; 625184, 3432321; 625406, 3432226; 
625650, 3432072; 626123, 3431776; 627070, 3431218.
    (ii) Map of Unit 2, Upper Atchafalaya River Basin, follows:

BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 25389]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06MY08.115

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C
    (8) Unit 3: Lower Atchafalaya River Basin.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale digital ortho-photo quarter-
quadrangles: Belle Isle NE; Belle Isle NW; Belle Isle SE; Belle Isle 
SW; Centerville SW; Delcambre NE; Delcambre SE; Delcambre SW; Ellerslie 
NE; Ellerslie

[[Page 25390]]

NW; Ellerslie SE; Ellerslie SW; Franklin NE; Franklin NW; Franklin SE; 
Franklin SW; Hammock Lake NE; Hammock Lake NW; Jeanerette SE; 
Jeanerette SW; Kemper NE; Kemper NW; Kemper SE; Kemper SW; Marone Point 
NW; Morgan City NW; Morgan City SW; New Iberia South NW; New Iberia 
South SE; New Iberia South SW; North Bend NE; North Bend NW; North Bend 
SE; North Bend SW; Patterson NE; Patterson NW; Patterson SE; Patterson 
SW; Point Chevreuil NE; Point Chevreuil SE; Tigre Lagoon NE; Tigre 
Lagoon NW; Weeks NE; Weeks NW; Weeks SE; Weeks SW; Louisiana. Land 
bounded by the following UTM Zone 15N, North American Datum of 1983 
(NAD83) coordinates (E, N): 657063, 3286619; 671647, 3285905; 667016, 
3281314; 657375, 3280537; 654804, 3269766; 657073, 3286613; 671861, 
3285961; 666873, 3281180; 657139, 3280592; 654915, 3269700; 657657, 
3286429; 672126, 3286077; 666730, 3281063; 656978, 3280629; 655005, 
3269623; 657665, 3286430; 672911, 3286434; 666529, 3280920; 656793, 
3280661; 655119, 3269546; 657665, 3286429; 672967, 3286246; 666368, 
3280867; 656644, 3280698; 655148, 3269506; 657852, 3286390; 672967, 
3285937; 666069, 3280780; 656300, 3280764; 655185, 3269459; 658082, 
3286365; 673010, 3285579; 665849, 3280777; 655978, 3280843; 655193, 
3269377; 658302, 3286356; 672934, 3285412; 665667, 3280791; 655737, 
3280899; 655193, 3269334; 658609, 3286347; 672740, 3285154; 665521, 
3280783; 655513, 3280933; 655164, 3269252; 658847, 3286323; 672633, 
3285003; 665331, 3280761; 655185, 3279748; 655143, 3269184; 659180, 
3286275; 672470, 3284865; 665169, 3280719; 655063, 3279389; 655143, 
3269109; 659564, 3286212; 672296, 3284718; 664944, 3280640; 654873, 
3278907; 655159, 3269027; 660786, 3286026; 672129, 3284539; 664796, 
3280587; 654690, 3278312; 655177, 3268956; 663189, 3285655; 671998, 
3284353; 664645, 3280547; 654616, 3277952; 655209, 3268863; 663376, 
3285622; 671847, 3284178; 664471, 3280481; 654532, 3277751; 655243, 
3268797; 663408, 3285611; 671760, 3284059; 664283, 3280425; 654423, 
3277494; 655317, 3268768; 663516, 3285582; 671621, 3283952; 664159, 
3280391; 654264, 3276941; 655410, 3268721; 663667, 3285521; 671474, 
3283880; 663934, 3280333; 653780, 3275526; 655463, 3268670; 663799, 
3285434; 671307, 3283813; 663616, 3280253; 653386, 3274303; 655500, 
3268623; 664268, 3285043; 671208, 3283726; 663352, 3280198; 653225, 
3273803; 655622, 3268430; 664654, 3284730; 671081, 3283591; 663010, 
3280113; 653090, 3273420; 655675, 3268387; 664760, 3284651; 670958, 
3283456; 662814, 3280037; 652984, 3272927; 655722, 3268350; 664895, 
3284564; 670863, 3283348; 662587, 3279992; 652939, 3272451; 655788, 
3268342; 665220, 3284386; 670728, 3283225; 662407, 3279976; 652891, 
3272155; 655849, 3268340; 665307, 3284365; 670633, 3283063; 662243, 
3279986; 652814, 3271687; 655923, 3268358; 665455, 3284328; 670498, 
3282837; 662111, 3279989; 652780, 3271470; 655966, 3268371; 665620, 
3284310; 670367, 3282586; 661976, 3280015; 652762, 3271287; 656013, 
3268382; 665752, 3284302; 670315, 3282438; 661849, 3280044; 652722, 
3271049; 656064, 3268398; 665916, 3284312; 670143, 3282219; 661738, 
3280042; 652680, 3270808; 656122, 3268411; 666038, 3284331; 669982, 
3282180; 661462, 3280071; 652912, 3270753; 656196, 3268435; 666170, 
3284365; 669847, 3282166; 660992, 3280116; 652976, 3270747; 656281, 
3268445; 666268, 3284400; 669688, 3282132; 660788, 3280148; 653084, 
3270750; 656355, 3268448; 666350, 3284421; 669501, 3282071; 660618, 
3280169; 653217, 3270734; 656415, 3268430; 666942, 3284564; 669360, 
3282021; 660423, 3280190; 653346, 3270721; 656447, 3268385; 668205, 
3284892; 669207, 3281952; 660325, 3280203; 653447, 3270700; 656447, 
3268334; 668358, 3284931; 669072, 3281902; 659938, 3280227; 653571, 
3270665; 656445, 3268268; 668453, 3284968; 668858, 3281812; 659595, 
3280235; 653717, 3270636; 656410, 3268226; 668567, 3285019; 668627, 
3281714; 659224, 3280251; 653838, 3270612; 656373, 3268176; 668750, 
3285095; 668471, 3281650; 659047, 3280253; 653963, 3270570; 656328, 
3268149; 668877, 3285156; 668254, 3281587; 658920, 3280253; 654055, 
3270517; 656278, 3268115; 668977, 3285199; 668045, 3281529; 658721, 
3280261; 654129, 3270440; 656241, 3268070; 669091, 3285252; 667889, 
3281534; 658518, 3280288; 654198, 3270358; 656228, 3268022; 669152, 
3285273; 667590, 3281531; 658235, 3280335; 654331, 3270221; 656236, 
3267943; 669223, 3285294; 667426, 3281526; 658078, 3280383; 654468, 
3270083; 656267, 3267871; 670001, 3285500; 667281, 3281492; 657867, 
3280436; 654587, 3269972; 656312, 3267816; 671385, 3285842; 667122, 
3281412; 657631, 3280486; 654709, 3269856; 656363, 3267752; 656397, 
3267691; 654524, 3265694; 650404, 3270744; 649914, 3272534; 648339, 
3272450; 656434, 3267636; 654460, 3265670; 650416, 3270780; 649882, 
3272467; 648348, 3272497; 656434, 3267572; 654381, 3265675; 650435, 
3270808; 649840, 3272423; 648370, 3272536; 656423, 3267519; 654201, 
3265675; 650453, 3270823; 649800, 3272392; 648391, 3272571; 656400, 
3267440; 654092, 3265643; 650483, 3270831; 649725, 3272372; 648435, 
3272594; 656405, 3267400; 653979, 3265625; 650518, 3270835; 649657, 
3272380; 648488, 3272620; 656437, 3267347; 653883, 3265612; 650728, 
3270840; 649602, 3272422; 648525, 3272633; 656484, 3267287; 653780, 
3265614; 650935, 3270844; 649580, 3272483; 648571, 3272657; 656516, 
3267244; 653730, 3265606; 650956, 3270858; 649573, 3272562; 648628, 
3272671; 656521, 3267170; 653621, 3265609; 650963, 3270876; 649577, 
3272631; 648666, 3272700; 656474, 3267093; 653518, 3265620; 650955, 
3270999; 649578, 3272696; 648702, 3272730; 656442, 3267017; 653431, 
3265636; 650949, 3271617; 649579, 3272730; 648720, 3272762; 656418, 
3266943; 653259, 3265694; 650944, 3271728; 649590, 3272774; 648725, 
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3272227; 649102, 3272779; 648155, 3272927; 655640, 3266046; 651994, 
3267906; 650334, 3272261; 649059, 3272748; 648127, 3272948; 655566, 
3266059;

[[Page 25391]]

652015, 3268141; 650340, 3272304; 649014, 3272718; 648092, 3272969; 
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638463, 3286179; 638730, 3287661; 638929, 3288579; 637799, 3291145;

[[Page 25392]]

631172, 3292953; 638511, 3286227; 638757, 3287696; 638868, 3288585; 
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629800, 3303819; 605376, 3309841; 612728, 3313720; 615816, 3310480; 
624885, 3306648; 629785, 3303692; 605500, 3309894; 612881, 3313714;

[[Page 25393]]

615863, 3310467; 626065, 3306653; 629991, 3303684; 605580, 3309915; 
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609759, 3312089; 613845, 3311120; 619544, 3308548; 628829, 3305124; 
630147, 3302541; 609771, 3312074; 613858, 3311086; 619589, 3308498; 
628853, 3305073; 630097, 3302412; 609810, 3312034; 613874, 3311054; 
619877, 3308096; 628856, 3305015; 630070, 3302351; 609843, 3312001; 
613900, 3311017; 620112, 3307776; 628859, 3304952; 630023, 3302245; 
609859, 3311999; 613961, 3310969; 620144, 3307749; 628859, 3304899; 
630002, 3302158; 609881, 3312007; 614244, 3310808; 620573, 3307461; 
628861, 3304795; 629954, 3302046; 610160, 3312152; 614265, 3310797; 
620607, 3307450; 628872, 3304467; 629925, 3301967; 610519, 3312333; 
614302, 3310789; 620663, 3307450; 628880, 3304446; 629875, 3301880; 
610354, 3312714; 614339, 3310787; 621426, 3307463; 628901, 3304430; 
629843, 3301832; 610234, 3313025; 614387, 3310795; 622280, 3307478; 
628933, 3304425; 629779, 3301742; 610197, 3313129; 614427, 3310805; 
622284, 3307243; 629237, 3304430; 629639, 3301528; 610191, 3313156; 
614482, 3310816; 622297, 3306693; 629253, 3304428; 629599, 3301454; 
610187, 3313201; 614522, 3310824; 622300, 3306669; 629269, 3304422; 
629576, 3301401; 610146, 3313516; 614551, 3310824; 622315, 3306650; 
629398, 3304396; 629570, 3301353; 610146, 3313551; 614728, 3310829; 
622334, 3306642; 629470, 3304383; 629570, 3301311; 610156, 3313575; 
614866, 3310834; 622360, 3306642; 629517, 3304372; 629575, 3301244; 
610173, 3313602; 614956, 3310834; 622990, 3306658; 629541, 3304370; 
629786, 3301247; 610199, 3313628; 615390, 3310848; 624035, 3306677; 
629568, 3304364; 629919, 3301249; 610238, 3313653; 615419, 3310848; 
624093, 3306679; 629599, 3304348; 630509, 3301255; 610272, 3313657; 
615453, 3310837; 624157, 3306687; 629642, 3304314; 630583, 3301257; 
610364, 3313657; 615496, 3310827; 624228, 3306698; 629756, 3304213; 
630628, 3301257 631448, 3301307; 631747, 3301326; 632456, 3301371; 
633067, 3301387; 633340, 3301392; 633570, 3301405; 634263, 3301448; 
634670, 3301453; 635364, 3301472; 635488, 3301466; 636036, 3301403; 
637353, 3301231; 637798, 3301188; 637914, 3301210; 638367, 3301297; 
638618, 3301339; 638660, 3301297; 639002, 3300979; 639094, 3300892; 
639171, 3300792; 639237, 3300691; 639351, 3300511; 639451, 3300352; 
639520, 3300246; 639592, 3300141; 639684, 3300053; 639756, 3300000; 
639883, 3299918; 640110, 3299770; 640362, 3299611; 640505, 3299516; 
640526, 3299508; 640857, 3299307; 640992, 3299222; 641053, 3299177; 
641106, 3299138; 641196, 3299032; 641256, 3298958; 641312, 3298857; 
641346, 3298764; 641397, 3298577; 641492, 3298156; 641598, 3297727; 
641786, 3296926; 641817, 3296793; 641878, 3296526; 641910, 3296410; 
641963, 3296301; 642048, 3296190; 642122, 3296129; 642212, 3296079; 
642410, 3295955; 642701, 3295775; 643151, 3295494; 643683, 3295164; 
643992, 3294965; 644204, 3294841; 644537, 3294645; 644929, 3294423; 
645215, 3294267; 646416, 3293602; 647368, 3293073; 647524, 3292991; 
647654, 3292933; 647747, 3292909; 647834, 3292893; 647974, 3292891; 
648141, 3292912; 648382, 3292944; 648633, 3292975; 648850, 3293010; 
648974, 3293002; 649083, 3292973; 649202, 3292920; 649398, 3292772; 
650030, 3292301; 650324, 3292078; 650463, 3291968; 650463, 3291968; 
650485, 3291951; 650488, 3291956; 650594, 3291874; 650718, 3291776; 
651902, 3290871; 652074, 3290751; 652254, 3290616; 652754, 3290235; 
653114, 3289968; 653395, 3289756; 653482, 3289677; 653551, 3289605; 
653614, 3289529; 653717, 3289354; 653847, 3289132; 654008, 3288859; 
654077, 3288756; 654132, 3288699; 654212, 3288622; 654335, 3288519; 
654614, 3288307; 654979, 3288054; 655678, 3287500; 656114, 3287199; 
656412, 3286986; 656681, 3286785; 656747, 3286748; 656841, 3286704; 
657001, 3286638; 657063, 328661.
    (ii) Map of Unit 3, Lower Atchafalaya River Basin, follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 25394]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06MY08.116


[[Page 25395]]


* * * * *

    Dated: April 24, 2008.
Lyle Laverty,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. E8-9635 Filed 5-5-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-C