[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 208 (Monday, October 29, 2007)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 61218-61245]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-20690]



[[Page 61217]]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Part II





Social Security Administration





-----------------------------------------------------------------------



20 CFR Parts 404, 405, and 416



Amendments to the Administrative Law Judge, Appeals Council, and 
Decision Review Board Appeals Levels; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 208 / Monday, October 29, 2007 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 61218]]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

[Docket No. SSA 2007-0044]

20 CFR Parts 404, 405, and 416

RIN 0960-AG52


Amendments to the Administrative Law Judge, Appeals Council, and 
Decision Review Board Appeals Levels

AGENCY: Social Security Administration.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: We propose to include in parts 404 and 416 of our rules many 
of the hearing level procedures now in place for disability cases in 
the Boston region. This change will expand those rules nationwide and 
apply them to hearings on both disability and non-disability matters. 
We expect these rules will make the hearings process more efficient and 
help us reduce the hearings backlog, which has reached historic 
proportions, thereby benefiting all individuals requesting a hearing. 
We also propose to amend our rules governing the final level of the 
administrative review process to make proceedings at that level more 
like those used by a Federal appellate court when it reviews the 
decision of a district court, to establish procedures for appeals to 
that level, and to change the name of the body that will hear such 
appeals from the ``Appeals Council,'' or the ``Decision Review Board'' 
in the Boston region, to the ``Review Board.'' Consistent with the 
change to a more truly appellate process, we suggest limiting the 
circumstances in which new evidence may be added to the record during 
the appeals process. We also propose circumscribing the time period 
covered in any subsequent administrative hearing on remand from the 
Review Board or a Federal court to the time period covered by the first 
administrative law judge's (ALJ) hearing decision in the case.

DATES: To be sure that we consider your comments, we must receive them 
no later than December 28, 2007.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any of the following methods. 
Regardless of which method you choose, to ensure that we can associate 
your comments with the correct regulation for consideration, you must 
state that your comments refer to Docket No. SSA-2007-0044:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov. 
(This is the preferred method for submitting your comments.) In the 
Search Documents section, select ``Social Security Administration'' 
from the agency drop-down menu, then click ``submit''. In the Docket ID 
Column, locate SSA-2007-0044 and then click ``Add Comments'' in the 
``Comments Add/Due By'' column.
     Telefax to (410) 966-2830.
     Letter to the Commissioner of Social Security, P.O. Box 
17703, Baltimore, MD 21235-7703.
     Deliver your comments to the Office of Regulations, Social 
Security Administration, 922 Altmeyer Building, 6401 Security 
Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21235-6401, between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. on 
regular business days.
    Comments are posted on the Federal eRulemaking portal, or you may 
inspect them on regular business days by making arrangements with the 
contact person shown in this preamble.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brent Hillman, Social Security 
Administration, 5107 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3260, (703) 
605-8280 for information about this notice. For information on 
eligibility or filing for benefits, call our national toll-free number, 
1-800-772-1213 or TTY 1-800-325-0778, or visit our Internet site, 
Social Security Online, at http://www.socialsecurity.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Electronic Version

    The electronic file of this document is available on the date of 
publication in the Federal Register at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html.

Introduction

    As part of our ongoing commitment to improve the way we process 
claims for benefits under the old age, survivors, and disability 
insurance programs under title II of the Social Security Act (Act) and 
the supplemental security income (SSI) program under title XVI of the 
Act, we propose to revise the procedures at the ALJ hearing level to 
improve the decision-making process and change the final step in our 
four-tiered administrative structure for adjudicating claims for 
benefits. Our workloads at the ALJ hearing level have continued to 
grow, as have requests for review of those hearing decisions. We expect 
even further increases in those workloads as the baby boom generation 
advances through their disability-prone years. Along with our 
electronic disability (eDib) process, we anticipate that these changes 
will help us conduct hearings and issue decisions more effectively. We 
are continually reviewing our processes to find ways to handle these 
workloads more effectively, and this proposal is another step toward 
better service.
    Our administrative procedures in parts 404 and 416 generally 
provide three levels of administrative review for individuals 
dissatisfied with the initial determination on their claims for Social 
Security benefits or SSI payments. First, the individual may request 
reconsideration, in which the State agency takes a fresh look at the 
initial determination. Second, the individual may request a hearing 
before an ALJ. Third, if the individual remains dissatisfied after the 
ALJ's hearing decision, our longstanding rules give the individual the 
right to request review of that decision by the Appeals Council. If the 
individual requests such a review, the Appeals Council may grant the 
request and issue the Agency's final decision in the case, grant the 
request and remand the case to an ALJ for further proceedings, or deny 
the request for review. If the Appeals Council denies the individual's 
request that it review the decision of the ALJ, the decision of the ALJ 
becomes our final decision.
    In March 2006, we issued final rules that implemented a new 
administrative structure for adjudicating claims for disability 
benefits in the Boston region. Under those final rules in part 405 of 
our regulations, we provide two levels of administrative review of 
State agency initial determinations for individuals in the Boston 
region who are dissatisfied with the initial determination on their 
claims for Social Security benefits or SSI payments. First, the 
individual may request review by a Federal reviewing official. Second, 
if dissatisfied with the decision of the Federal reviewing official, 
the individual may request a hearing before an ALJ. Unless the ALJ's 
decision is selected for review by the Decision Review Board, as 
discussed below, the decision of the ALJ is our final decision in these 
cases.
    The March 2006 final rules also implemented new ALJ hearing level 
procedures in the Boston region and included a new approach, the 
Decision Review Board, for the final level of our adjudicative 
structure. 70 FR 16424 (March 31, 2006). We received numerous public 
comments on our proposal for these new procedures, and we made various 
changes based on the public comments. For a discussion of the comments 
and our changes, see 71 FR 16424, 16428 and 16434-16437.
    Our experience has been that some aspects of the new procedures 
have been beneficial, while others have not worked as well as we had 
anticipated. Having thoroughly reviewed our entire administrative 
adjudicative procedure, we believe that we need to modify some aspects 
of those procedures, extend what is working well to the rest of the 
country, and make changes where we

[[Page 61219]]

can make our processes better. In this proposed rule, we propose to 
retain many of the March 2006 changes we made to the hearing level 
because we still believe they will make the hearings more efficient and 
allow us to provide better service to the increasing number of 
individuals who have requested ALJ hearings.
    On the other hand, we propose to transform the Decision Review 
Board and the Appeals Council into the Review Board. Although we have 
limited experience with the Decision Review Board at this time because 
it has been in operation only in the Boston region and only for the 
past year, we are concerned that we will have to test it for many years 
before we are able to determine whether to roll it out nationwide. This 
concern arises primarily because of the difficulties in designing a 
predictive model that will identify the most problematic cases. In the 
Boston region, we committed to 100% review of all ALJ decisions by the 
Decision Review Board, which we obviously would not be able to sustain 
in a nationwide rollout, especially at a time when the number of cases 
pending at the hearing level exceeds 700,000, which is higher than it 
has ever been in our history. Consequently, we propose to end the 
Decision Review Board experiment in favor of allowing traditional 
appeals.
    In this document, we address the ALJ hearing level and the final 
level of our administrative adjudicative process. If we finalize these 
rules, we plan to use these procedures nationwide and remove the 
corresponding provisions in part 405 of our regulations. (Part 405 
describes the disability service improvement initiative that was 
implemented in our March 31, 2006 final rules.)
    We propose to apply to all disability and non-disability cases 
nationwide many of the hearing level procedures we adopted for 
disability claims received after July 31, 2006 in the Boston region. We 
also propose to replace both the Appeals Council and the Decision 
Review Board with a new adjudicative body to be named the ``Review 
Board.'' In this notice of proposed rulemaking, we have included 
proposed regulation language that would accomplish the substantive 
changes we propose. We also have included the conforming changes we 
believe are needed in subpart J of part 404 and subpart N of part 416 
of our regulations. We recognize that additional changes of a technical 
or ``housekeeping'' nature will be required throughout our regulations 
such as replacing references to the ``Appeals Council'' with references 
to the ``Review Board,'' and if we adopt these proposed changes as 
final rules, we will make those additional changes at that time.

Submitting Evidence to the ALJ

    One of the major changes that we are proposing addresses the time 
frames for submitting evidence to the ALJ. Our current rule states 
that, if possible, an individual should submit the evidence, or a 
summary of the evidence, within 10 days after filing the request for a 
hearing. In many cases, however, individuals submit evidence to us well 
after that time frame.
    Our program experience has convinced us that the late submission of 
evidence to the ALJ significantly impedes our ability to issue hearing 
decisions in a timely manner. When new and voluminous medical evidence 
is presented at the hearing or shortly before the hearing, the ALJ and 
any other person who will be participating in the hearing, such as a 
medical or vocational expert, do not have the time needed to review the 
record and adequately prepare for the hearing. We often must reschedule 
the hearing, which not only delays the decision on that case, but also 
delays the hearings of other individuals.
    To ensure individuals have adequate time in which to prepare for 
the hearing and meet the deadlines for submitting evidence, we propose 
requiring ALJs to notify an individual of the time and place of the 
hearing at least 75 days before the date of the hearing, unless the 
individual agrees to a shorter notice period. The notice of hearing 
also will specify the issues to be decided at the hearing. This 
proposed rule provides that if an individual objects to the time or 
place of the hearing, the individual should notify the ALJ in writing 
as soon as possible after receiving the notice of hearing, but no later 
than 30 days after receiving that notice. If the individual objects to 
the issues to be decided at the hearing, the individual would be 
required to notify the ALJ in writing at least 5 business days prior to 
the hearing date.
    Individuals would be encouraged to submit evidence as soon as 
possible after they file their request for a hearing. Nevertheless, no 
later than 5 business days before the hearing, they must submit all of 
the evidence to be relied upon in a case. We believe this deadline is 
reasonable because we also propose to require the ALJ to notify the 
individual of the hearing date at least 75 days before the hearing.
    The 5-day time limit for submitting evidence would be subject to 
exceptions, depending on when the individual attempts to present the 
additional evidence. If the individual requests to submit evidence 
within the 5 business days immediately preceding the hearing, the ALJ 
would accept and consider the evidence if:
    1. Our action misled the individual (for example, if the wrong 
notice was accidentally sent to you, or you were provided 
misinformation over the phone);
    2. The individual had a physical, mental, educational, or 
linguistic limitation(s) that prevented him or her from submitting the 
evidence earlier; or
    3. Some other unusual, unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance 
beyond the individual's control prevented the individual from 
submitting the evidence earlier.
    If the individual requests to submit evidence after the hearing but 
before the hearing decision is issued, the ALJ would accept and 
consider the evidence if the individual makes one of the three showings 
above and there is a reasonable possibility that the evidence would 
affect the outcome of the case.

Requesting an ALJ Hearing

    Our proposed rule slightly amends the list of things we request 
when an individual files a written request for a hearing. Our proposed 
rule provides that, if disability is an issue in the case, the 
individual should include a statement of the medically determinable 
impairment(s) that he or she believes prevents him or her from working. 
The proposed rule also specifies that the individual should include his 
or her name and social security number. Like the current rule, the 
proposed rule provides that the individual should include the name and 
social security number of the wage earner under whose account the claim 
is filed, any evidence that is available to the individual; and the 
name and address of the individual's representative, if any.

Prehearing Statements and Conferences

    Our proposed rule adds a provision for prehearing statements. At 
any time before the hearing begins, an individual could submit, or the 
ALJ could request the individual to submit, a prehearing statement on 
the issues arising in the case. In this statement, the individual 
should briefly discuss the issues; describe the supporting facts; 
identify witnesses; explain the evidentiary and legal basis upon which 
he or she believes the ALJ should find in his or her favor; and provide 
any other comments, suggestions, or information that might assist in 
preparing for the hearing.

[[Page 61220]]

    Our proposed rule continues to provide for prehearing conferences. 
As under the current rule, the ALJ could decide on his or her own 
initiative or at an individual's request to conduct a prehearing 
conference if the ALJ believes that such a conference would facilitate 
the hearing or the decision in a case.
    During these conferences, the ALJ would consider matters that may 
expedite the hearing, such as simplifying or amending issues or 
obtaining and submitting evidence. The ALJ would summarize in writing, 
or on the record at the hearing, the actions taken or to be taken as a 
result of the conference. The proposed rule also states that if neither 
the individual nor the representative appears for the prehearing 
conference and there is not a good reason for the failure to appear, 
such as a death or serious illness in your immediate family or the 
destruction of important records by fire or other accidental cause, the 
individual's hearing request might be dismissed.
    The purpose of these provisions would be to ensure that each 
individual's hearing is as fair, timely, and comprehensive as possible. 
Both individuals and the Agency would have the responsibility to work 
toward this objective.
    The main differences between our current rule on prehearing 
conferences and the proposed rule are the provisions for conference by 
telephone and the notice requirement. The proposed rule provides that 
prehearing conferences normally would be held by telephone, unless the 
ALJ were to decide that it would be more efficient and effective to 
conduct the prehearing conference in a different manner. Additionally, 
we propose to change the notice requirement to ``reasonable notice.'' 
It has been our experience that the current requirement (7 days notice 
unless the parties indicate in writing that they do not wish to receive 
written notice of the conference) is too rigid to accommodate many 
situations where a conference would be beneficial and the parties agree 
to the time and place of the conference.

Appearing at the ALJ Hearing

    Like the current rule, this proposed rule provides that, when 
setting the time and place of the hearing, the ALJ would determine 
whether an individual would appear at the hearing in person or by video 
teleconference. Also like the current rule, this proposed rule provides 
that, if the individual who requested the hearing objects to appearing 
by video teleconference, the ALJ would reschedule the hearing to allow 
that individual to appear in person. The proposed rule differs from the 
current rule in that it specifies that the ALJ may direct a witness, 
other than the individual who requested the hearing, to appear by video 
teleconference if: (1) Video teleconference is available, (2) use of 
the technology would be more efficient than conducting an examination 
of a witness in person, and (3) the ALJ determines that there is no 
other reason why a video hearing should not be conducted. We believe 
that the ability to conduct hearings via video teleconference would 
provide us with greater flexibility in scheduling and holding hearings, 
improve hearing process efficiency, and extend another service delivery 
option to individuals requesting a hearing. Greater efficiency would be 
achieved through savings in ALJ travel time, faster case processing, 
and higher ratios of hearings held to hearings scheduled.
    Our proposed rule also differs from the current rule by providing 
that the ALJ may direct the individual who requested the hearing to 
appear at the hearing by telephone under extraordinary circumstances 
where appearing in person is not possible and video teleconference is 
not available. For example, an ALJ may direct an individual who is 
incarcerated to appear at the hearing by telephone if the facility in 
which the individual is incarcerated will not allow a hearing to be 
held at the facility and the facility does not have video 
teleconference technology. The proposed rule also provides that, if the 
individual who requested the hearing objects to any other person 
appearing by telephone, the ALJ could overrule the objection.

Posthearing Conferences

    Our proposed rule continues to provide for posthearing conferences. 
The individual could request, or the ALJ could decide, to hold a 
posthearing conference to facilitate the hearing decision. Like the 
prehearing conference proceedings, if neither the individual nor the 
representative were to appear at the posthearing conference and there 
was no good reason for failing to appear, the ALJ would make a decision 
based on the hearing record.
    As in the prehearing conference provisions discussed above, the 
main differences between our current rule and the proposed rule are the 
provisions for conference by telephone and the notice requirement. The 
proposed rule provides that posthearing conferences normally would be 
held by telephone, unless the ALJ were to decide that it would be more 
efficient and effective to conduct the posthearing conference in a 
different manner. Additionally, we propose to change the notice 
requirement to ``reasonable notice,'' for the reasons discussed earlier 
in the section on prehearing statements and conferences.

Holding the Record Open

    In addition, this proposed rule specifies that the ALJ would retain 
discretion at the time of the hearing to hold the record open for the 
submission of additional evidence. If an individual were aware of any 
additional evidence that the individual was unable to obtain and submit 
before or at the hearing or if the individual were scheduled to undergo 
additional medical evaluation after the hearing for any impairment that 
forms the basis of the case, the individual should inform the ALJ of 
the circumstances during the hearing. If the individual were to request 
additional time to submit the evidence, the ALJ could exercise 
discretion and choose to keep the record open for a defined period of 
time to give the individual the opportunity to obtain and submit the 
additional evidence. Once the additional evidence was received, or if 
no evidence was received during the defined period, the ALJ would close 
the record and issue a decision. The ALJ may also take other necessary 
action, such as holding a supplemental hearing to receive further 
testimony. These procedures are not new. The proposed rule merely 
formalizes them in our rules.

The ALJ Decision

    Under our current rule, the ALJ must issue a written decision that 
gives the findings of fact and the reasons for the decision, may enter 
a wholly favorable oral decision into the record under certain 
circumstances, and may send a recommended decision to the Appeals 
Council. Our proposed rule would specify that the ALJ must explain, in 
clear and understandable language, the reasons for his or her decision. 
It would continue to allow the ALJ to enter a wholly favorable oral 
decision into the record under certain circumstances. It would remove 
the provision for recommended decisions, except on remand by direction 
of the Review Board. In our experience, issuance of a recommended 
decision is only rarely appropriate, and therefore its use should be 
permitted only where the Review Board directs.

The Review Board's Role

    Our current regulations in parts 404 and 416 provide that an 
individual who is dissatisfied with the decision of the ALJ on the 
claim can file a request

[[Page 61221]]

asking the Appeals Council to review the ALJ's decision. Those 
regulations further provide that the Appeals Council will grant the 
claimant's request and review the case if there appears to be an abuse 
of discretion by the ALJ, if there is an error of law, if the actions, 
findings, or conclusions of the ALJ are not supported by substantial 
evidence, or if there is a broad policy or procedural issue that may 
affect the general public. If the Appeals Council does review the case, 
it may issue a decision affirming, modifying, or reversing the ALJ's 
decision, or it may vacate the ALJ's decision and remand the case for 
further proceedings. If the Appeals Council determines that the 
criteria for granting review are not met, however, the Appeals Council 
may simply deny the claimant's request for review and allow the ALJ's 
decision to become the final decision of the Commissioner. The Appeals 
Council is composed of administrative appeals judges.
    Our regulations in part 405 (governing the new process applicable 
to certain claims in the Boston region) replaced that Appeals Council 
step with a new body called the Decision Review Board. A claimant has 
no right to ask the Decision Review Board to review the ALJ decision in 
his or her case. Rather, the Decision Review Board selects the 
decisions it will review, with an emphasis on claims where there is an 
increased likelihood of error or that involve the application of new 
policies, rules, or procedures. (Because the procedures in part 405 are 
so new, however, the Decision Review Board initially has been selecting 
all ALJ hearing decisions for review.) If the Decision Review Board 
selects a case for review, it may either affirm the ALJ's decision, 
issue a new decision that affirms, reverses, or modifies the decision 
of the ALJ, or remand the case to an ALJ for further proceedings. 
Additionally, if the Decision Review Board does not complete its action 
on a case within 90 days of the date the claimant received notice that 
the ALJ's decision would be reviewed, the decision of the ALJ becomes 
the final decision of the Commissioner. The Decision Review Board is 
composed of both administrative appeals judges and ALJs.
    We propose to replace both the Appeals Council and the Decision 
Review Board with a new body, the Review Board. Like the Appeals 
Council, the Review Board members will be administrative appeals judges 
(as defined in 20 CFR 405.5). In contrast to our current rules for the 
Appeals Council and the Decision Review Board, we propose to give any 
party who receives a hearing decision that is unfavorable, in whole or 
in part, or whose request for hearing was dismissed, the right to 
appeal that decision or dismissal to the Review Board and have the 
Review Board review their case. However, we are proposing changes to 
make the nature of the review at that level more like the review an 
appellate court would give to a district court decision that has been 
appealed to it. These changes would focus Agency resources on 
correcting significant errors that change the outcome of a case and 
avoid further administrative proceedings that serve only to correct 
harmless errors in an otherwise appropriate denial of benefits.
    Specifically, we propose to extend the additional evidence 
requirements we are proposing for the hearing level to the Review Board 
level, with a further restriction that additional evidence offered by 
the individual may be accepted by the Review Board only if there is a 
reasonable probability that it, alone or when considered with the other 
evidence of record, would change the outcome of the decision.
    We also propose that the Review Board will review the factual 
findings of the ALJ using the substantial evidence test. Under that 
test, the Review Board will accept a finding of fact made by the ALJ if 
a reasonable mind might accept that finding as adequately supported by 
the evidence in the case, even if a different conclusion of fact might 
also be supported by the evidence. We propose that the Review Board 
will review any purely legal questions, such as the proper 
interpretation of Agency regulations or policy, as if it were 
considering the question for the first time, without any deference to 
the ALJ's conclusion on the issue. We also propose a harmless error 
rule the Review Board would apply when considering error either in the 
admission or exclusion of evidence, or error, defect, or omission in 
any ruling or decision of the ALJ. Under this rule, no such error would 
be grounds for vacating, modifying, or reversing an otherwise 
appropriate ruling or decision of the ALJ unless, in the opinion of the 
Review Board, there is a reasonable probability that the error, alone 
or when considered with other aspects of the case, changed the outcome 
of the decision. The Review Board would notify the parties in writing 
of its action on the appeal and would explain the basis for its action 
in that notice.
    In any case appealed to the Review Board, we propose that the 
Review Board will consider that appeal and either (1) issue a new 
decision affirming, modifying, or reversing the decision of the ALJ, 
(2) remand the matter to an ALJ for further proceedings, or (3) where 
the Review Board has concluded that there is no significant error in 
the ALJ's decision and no significant legal or factual issues that 
warrant additional discussion, summarily affirm the decision and 
analysis of the ALJ without issuing a separate opinion of its own. This 
differs from our current rules for the Appeals Council in that, unlike 
the Appeals Council, the Review Board may not simply decline the 
individual's request that it review the ALJ's decision. In these 
proposed rules, we describe the procedures for appealing an ALJ's 
hearing decision or dismissal to the Review Board, the procedures the 
Review Board will follow during the appeal, the possible actions the 
Review Board may take, and the effect of those actions.
    Our intent with these changes is to make the Review Board's role 
more analogous to that of an appellate court reviewing the decision of 
the trial court. We believe that this approach will provide individuals 
a full opportunity to have the Review Board address any significant 
error by the ALJ that the individual believes led to a wrong decision 
in the case, while still giving appropriate deference to the ALJ's 
factual findings. Because this approach would allow the Review Board to 
focus its efforts on significant errors that may have affected the 
outcome of the case, we believe this approach represents the best use 
of the Review Board's limited resources. Toward that end, our proposed 
rules encourage, but do not require, parties to include with their 
appeal a written statement that identifies the errors the party 
believes were made by the ALJ, explains why the alleged errors warrant 
action by the Review Board under the standards of review described 
above, and cites applicable law or facts to support the party's 
position.

Closing the Evidentiary Record at the Time of the ALJ Decision

    We propose to limit a party's ability to submit new evidence to the 
Review Board to the same extent the final rules published March 31, 
2006 limited submission of new evidence following the first ALJ 
decision. Specifically, we propose that following the first ALJ 
decision in a case (whether that decision is subsequently overturned or 
not), we will accept additional evidence from a party only if:
     The evidence relates to the period on or before the date 
of that first decision by an ALJ;

[[Page 61222]]

     The party shows that there is a reasonable probability 
that the evidence, alone or when considered with the other evidence of 
record, would change the outcome of the decision; and
     Either our action misled the party, the party had a 
physical, mental, educational, or linguistic limitation that prevented 
the party from submitting the evidence earlier, or some other unusual, 
unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance beyond the party's control 
prevented the earlier submission of the evidence.
    The proposed rules differ somewhat from our current rules for 
submitting evidence to the Appeals Council. Under our current rules, 
the Appeals Council will accept new evidence only if it relates to the 
period on or before the date of the ALJ decision. The proposed rules 
contain the same restriction that the evidence must relate to the 
period on or before the date of the ALJ decision, but they also require 
the individual to show that there is a reasonable probability that the 
evidence would change the outcome of the decision and that there was 
some good reason, as described above, that the individual could not 
have submitted the evidence earlier.
    This limitation would apply only to evidence offered by a party. 
Should the Review Board believe additional evidence is needed to decide 
the issues in the case, it will be able to obtain that evidence itself 
or remand the case to an ALJ to obtain the evidence, and any evidence 
so obtained would be made part of the evidentiary record.
    Also, we propose to revise our rules on reopening to make them 
consistent with these proposed limits on an individual's ability to 
submit new evidence after a hearing decision or dismissal. 
Specifically, we propose to remove ``new and material evidence'' as a 
basis for reopening any decision made at the hearing or Review Board 
levels on a claim for benefits based on disability. We believe this 
change is necessary because without it, a claimant who submits 
additional evidence to the Review Board that does not meet the standard 
described above for admitting the evidence would be able to circumvent 
our limits simply by asking to have our final decision reopened based 
on the additional evidence we declined to admit.

Limiting the Period of Time Covered by the Review Board's Adjudication 
and Adjudication Following Administrative or Court Remands

    When cases are remanded for further proceedings, either from a 
Federal court or the Appeals Council, our current rules allow ALJs and 
the Appeals Council to consider changes in the individual's condition 
after the date of the first ALJ decision on the claim, such as an 
increase in severity of the claimant's original impairment(s) or the 
development of a new impairment. Under our current rules, for example, 
when the Appeals Council grants an individual's request that it review 
the decision made by an ALJ and finds reasons to reverse that decision 
and remand the case for further proceedings, it has typically 
``vacated'' the decision of the ALJ. As a result, we consider the case 
during the subsequent proceedings on remand as if the earlier ALJ's 
decision had not been issued. This same situation may arise where a 
Federal court remands a case for further proceedings. In practical 
terms, this approach allowed individuals to continue to submit evidence 
freely throughout the subsequent proceedings or to attempt to establish 
an onset of disability even after the date of the first hearing 
decision.
    It became possible, therefore, for the final decision on remand to 
be based on evidence submitted well after the evidentiary record should 
have closed, on evidence that related to a period of time after the 
date of the hearing decision that was reviewed, or even on evidence of 
a physical or mental impairment that did not begin until after the date 
of the hearing decision that was reviewed. This open-ended approach is 
administratively very inefficient, as we often are reviewing ALJ 
decisions based on evidence not presented to the ALJ.
    The approach we are proposing in this rule would modify that 
process. We believe that the first ALJ hearing decision on a claim for 
benefits, regardless of whether that decision becomes our final 
decision, generally must close both the evidentiary record (as 
discussed above) and the period of time within which the claimant must 
establish entitlement to the benefits sought. Therefore, we propose in 
these rules that throughout any appeal to the Review Board, and during 
any subsequent administrative proceedings on remand from the Review 
Board or a Federal court, the proceedings will consider only the 
claimant's eligibility for benefits on or before the date of that first 
ALJ hearing decision on the claim for benefits.
    We believe this proposed closing of the record will not unduly 
disadvantage claimants. Consistent with existing policy, claimants 
applying for disability benefits who experience a worsening of 
condition or new impairments during the intervening time between the 
ALJ decision and the Review Board's decision--or while the case is 
pending on remand--may file a new claim for benefits. The average 
processing time for initial determinations by State agencies is 
currently faster than the average processing time for Appeals Council 
review, particularly when cases are remanded. If these proposed rules 
become final, we plan to modify the notices we send to claimants when 
their cases are denied or remanded to ensure that claimants are aware 
that they can file new applications. We welcome comments from the 
public about how we can best ensure that claimants understand their 
right to file new applications while prior applications are pending 
review.
    The changes we are proposing are consistent with the governing 
statute. Specifically, sections 202(j) and 223(b) of the Act provide 
that an individual's claim for benefits may be allowed only if the 
claimant satisfies the requirements for ``before a decision based upon 
the evidence adduced at the hearing is made (regardless of whether such 
decision becomes the final decision of the Commissioner of Social 
Security).'' This proposed approach would be consistent with the role 
we envision for the Review Board, which would be to review a decision 
that has already been made, based on a record that has already been 
developed, for the precise period of time considered by the ALJ who 
made the decision that is being reviewed.

Removal of Special Provision for Cases Remanded by a Court

    Our current rules (Sec. Sec.  404.984 and 416.1484) contain a 
separate process for further administrative review of hearing decisions 
made after a remand by a Federal court. Under those rules, when a 
Federal court has remanded a case to the Commissioner for further 
proceedings, and the Appeals Council in turn has remanded the case to 
an ALJ, the ALJ's decision on remand becomes the final decision of the 
Commissioner unless, within 30 days of the date the claimant receives 
notice of the decision, the claimant files written exceptions asking 
the Appeals Council to review the ALJ's decision or, within 60 days of 
the date of the ALJ's decision, the Appeals Council notifies the 
claimant that it has taken jurisdiction of the case. That procedure 
replaced earlier procedures which generally required ALJs to issue 
recommended decisions in all court remands, even when the ALJ's 
decision on remand was favorable to the claimant. Our intent when we 
adopted the current process in 1989 was primarily to eliminate the 
requirement that ALJs issue recommended decisions

[[Page 61223]]

and thus permit favorable ALJ decisions on remand to be effectuated 
more quickly.
    In the interests of administrative efficiency, we believe it is 
better to have one uniform appeal process for all of our cases. As 
discussed earlier, we are proposing to eliminate the option for ALJs to 
issue recommended decisions, except on remand by direction of the 
Review Board. Therefore, the rationale for our current special 
procedure for cases remanded by a Federal court no longer applies in 
cases where the ALJ's decision is favorable to the claimant. Those 
favorable decisions would be effectuated promptly under our proposed 
procedures, without the need for action by the Review Board. However, 
cases where the ALJ's decision on remand is unfavorable and the 
claimant continues to disagree are ones we believe the Review Board 
should see before the case goes back to court. We believe it is 
important to ensure that our policies have been applied consistently 
and that the problems identified by the court have been addressed 
before the case returns to Federal court. Therefore, we propose to 
remove Sec. Sec.  404.984 and 416.1484, and instead channel any further 
review of these hearing decisions through the Review Board appeal 
process described above.

Advisory Function for Review Board

    The Review Board's primary function will be to adjudicate the cases 
that come before it pursuant to an appeal by the claimant or when the 
Review Board selects the case for review on its own initiative under 
the procedure described in proposed Sec. Sec.  404.970 and 416.1470. We 
anticipate that the Review Board's work also will provide its members 
with a unique and valuable perspective on the issues, policies, or 
procedures that may tend to impede the efficient and consistent 
adjudication of cases at all levels of our administrative adjudicative 
process. Therefore, we propose as an additional function of the Review 
Board that it may from time to time make recommendations for changes in 
policy or procedure that it believes may improve the efficiency and 
consistency of our adjudicative process. We do not intend to establish 
a specific process for this advisory function in the regulations 
themselves, as we believe the structure for such internal deliberations 
must be kept as flexible as possible. We currently anticipate that the 
Review Board would make such recommendations through the Deputy 
Commissioner for Disability Adjudication and Review or her designee, 
and would consider in its recommendations any anecdotal case 
experiences and any relevant statistical information that is available 
to the Review Board. However, we would welcome any suggestions as to 
how this advisory function might best be implemented.

Comparison of Current and Proposed Policy

    The table below summarizes the changes we are proposing to make to 
the hearings and appeals provisions discussed above. In the table, we 
first summarize the current process and then describe the proposed 
process.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Current policy
            Topic              (outside the Boston     Proposed policy
                                     region)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three Levels of Disability    1. Reconsideration    1. Reconsideration
 Appeals.                      (except in            (unchanged).
                               prototype states     2. ALJ hearing--
                               where no              Notify claimant at
                               reconsideration).     least 75 days prior
                              2. ALJ Hearing--       to hearing. ``Time
                               Notify claimant at    and place''
                               least 20 days prior   objections no later
                               to hearing.           than 30 days after
                               Claimant makes any    receipt of notice.
                               ``time, place or      ``Issues''
                               issue'' objections    objections at least
                               ``at the earliest     5 days before
                               possible              hearing.
                               opportunity''.       3. Review Board.
                              3. Appeals Council..
Requesting an ALJ Hearing...  Request must be in    Request must be in
                               writing and should    writing and should
                               include the name,     include claimant's
                               SSN of the wage       name and SSN, the
                               earner; the reasons   name and SSN of the
                               you disagree with     wage earner if the
                               the previous          case concerns
                               determination or      benefits under
                               decision; a           another person's
                               statement of          account, the
                               additional evidence   specific reasons
                               to be submitted and   you disagree with
                               the date it will be   the reconsidered
                               submitted; and the    determination,
                               name and address of   description of
                               any designated        impairment (if
                               representative.       disability), any
                              The request must be    available evidence,
                               filed within 60       name and address of
                               days after the date   representative, if
                               claimant receives     any.
                               notice of the        The request must be
                               previous              filed within 60
                               determination or      days after the date
                               decision. The time    claimant receives
                               can be extended.      notice of the
                               Good cause applies..  reconsidered
                              The ALJ may decide     determination. The
                               case without an       time can be
                               oral hearing if       extended. Good
                               claimant waives       cause applies.
                               right to appear..    The ALJ may decide
                                                     case without an
                                                     oral hearing if
                                                     claimant waives
                                                     right to appear.
Submitting Evidence.........  ALJ accepts evidence  ALJ will accept
                               up to and including   evidence submitted
                               day of hearing. ALJ   at least 5 business
                               may choose at         days before the
                               hearing to hold       hearing. ALJ will
                               record open for a     accept evidence
                               defined time period   submitted within
                               if claimant advises   the 5 business days
                               additional material   before the hearing
                               evidence              if there is good
                               forthcoming. ALJ      cause for late
                               may hold              submission. ALJ
                               supplemental          will accept
                               hearing or take       evidence submitted
                               other action.         after the hearing
                              In proceedings on      but before the
                               remand from the       hearing decision is
                               Appeals Council or    issued if there is
                               a Federal court,      good cause for late
                               ALJ accepts           submission and
                               evidence relating     there is a
                               to period following   reasonable
                               first ALJ decision..  possibility that
                              Appeals Council        the evidence would
                               accepts new and       affect the outcome
                               material evidence     of the case. ALJ
                               relating to the       may choose at
                               period on or before   hearing to hold
                               the date of the ALJ   record open for a
                               hearing decision..    defined time period
                                                     if claimant advises
                                                     additional material
                                                     evidence
                                                     forthcoming. ALJ
                                                     may hold
                                                     supplemental
                                                     hearing or take
                                                     other action.
                                                    In proceedings on
                                                     remand from the
                                                     Review Board or a
                                                     Federal court, ALJ
                                                     will not accept
                                                     evidence relating
                                                     to period following
                                                     first ALJ decision.
                                                    Review Board will
                                                     accept evidence
                                                     only if it relates
                                                     to the period on or
                                                     before the date of
                                                     the first ALJ
                                                     decision, there is
                                                     a reasonable
                                                     probability that
                                                     the evidence would
                                                     change the outcome
                                                     of the case, and
                                                     there is good cause
                                                     for late
                                                     submission.

[[Page 61224]]

 
Prehearing Statements and     Claimant can submit   Claimant can submit,
 Conferences.                  a written summary     or ALJ can request
                               of the case or        that claimant
                               written statements    submit, a
                               about the facts and   prehearing
                               law material to the   statement
                               case.                 describing why the
                              ALJ can decide on      claimant disagrees
                               his or her own, or    with the
                               at the request of     reconsidered
                               any party, to hold    determination.
                               a prehearing          Statement should
                               conference. The ALJ   discuss briefly
                               generally must tell   issues involved in
                               the parties of the    the proceeding,
                               time, place, and      facts, witnesses,
                               purpose of the        the evidentiary and
                               conference at least   legal basis upon
                               7 days in advance.    which claimant
                               There is no           believes the ALJ
                               sanction if the       should decide the
                               claimant/             case in claimant's
                               representative does   favor, and any
                               not appear. Current   other comments,
                               regulation is         suggestions, or
                               silent as to          information that
                               whether the           might assist the
                               conference is held    ALJ in preparing
                               in person or by       for the hearing.
                               telephone. A record  ALJ can decide on
                               of the conference     his or her own, or
                               is made..             at the claimant's
                                                     request, to conduct
                                                     a prehearing
                                                     conference if the
                                                     ALJ finds that a
                                                     conference would
                                                     facilitate the
                                                     hearing or the
                                                     decision. The ALJ
                                                     will give claimant
                                                     reasonable notice
                                                     of the time, place,
                                                     and manner of the
                                                     conference. If
                                                     neither claimant
                                                     nor representative
                                                     appears, hearing
                                                     might be dismissed.
                                                     Good cause applies.
                                                     The conference will
                                                     normally be held by
                                                     telephone. The ALJ
                                                     will summarize in
                                                     writing, or on the
                                                     record at the
                                                     hearing, the
                                                     actions taken or to
                                                     be taken as a
                                                     result of the
                                                     conference.
Appearance at Hearing.......  ALJ determines        ALJ determines
                               whether claimant      whether claimant or
                               and any other         any other witness
                               witness will appear   will appear in
                               in person or by       person, by VCT, or
                               video                 by telephone. ALJ
                               teleconference        will only direct
                               (VCT). Claimant can   claimant to appear
                               object to time or     by telephone if
                               place of the          claimant's
                               hearing. Objection    appearance in
                               must be made at the   person is not
                               earliest possible     possible (e.g.,
                               opportunity before    claimant is
                               the hearing. ALJ      incarcerated and
                               will change time or   facility will not
                               place of hearing if   allow a hearing at
                               there is good cause   the facility) and
                               to do so. If          VCT is not
                               claimant objects to   available. Claimant
                               appearing by VCT,     can object to time
                               ALJ will reschedule   or place of the
                               hearing for in-       hearing. Objection
                               person appearance.    must be in writing
                                                     and made no later
                                                     than 30 days after
                                                     receipt of notice
                                                     of hearing. ALJ
                                                     will consider
                                                     claimant's reasons
                                                     for requesting
                                                     change and the
                                                     impact of the
                                                     proposed change on
                                                     the efficient
                                                     administration of
                                                     the hearing
                                                     process. If
                                                     claimant objects to
                                                     appearing by VCT,
                                                     ALJ will reschedule
                                                     hearing for in-
                                                     person appearance.
                                                     If claimant objects
                                                     to another witness
                                                     appearing by VCT or
                                                     telephone, ALJ will
                                                     decide whether to
                                                     have that person
                                                     appear in person,
                                                     by VCT, or by
                                                     telephone.
Posthearing Conferences.....  ALJ can decide on     ALJ can decide on
                               his or her own, or    his or her own, or
                               at the request of     at the claimant's
                               any party, to hold    request, to hold a
                               a posthearing         posthearing
                               conference. The ALJ   conference to
                               generally must tell   facilitate the
                               the parties of the    hearing decision.
                               time, place, and      The ALJ will give
                               purpose of the        claimant reasonable
                               conference at least   notice of the time,
                               7 days in advance.    place, and manner
                               Current regulation    of the conference.
                               is silent as to       If neither claimant
                               whether the           nor representative
                               conference is held    appears and there
                               in person or by       is no good cause
                               telephone. A record   for failure to
                               of the conference     appear, ALJ will
                               is made.              decide on record.
The ALJ Decision............  The ALJ must issue a  ALJ must issue a
                               written decision      written decision
                               which gives the       that explains in
                               findings of fact      clear and
                               and the reason for    understandable
                               the decision; made    language the reason
                               part of the record.   for decision; made
                               Exception is oral     part of record.
                               (bench) fully         Exception is oral
                               favorable decision    (bench) fully
                               issued at the         favorable decision
                               hearing; claimant     issued at hearing;
                               receives a notice     claimant receives a
                               incorporating the     notice
                               oral decision.        incorporating the
                               Notice advises        oral decision.
                               claimant can appeal  Notice advises
                               to Appeals Council.   claimant can appeal
                                                     to Review Board.
Appeal to Review Board......  Appeals Council can   Review Board must
                               deny claimant's       consider and issue
                               request that it       a decision in any
                               review the ALJ's      case that is
                               decision.             appealed to it
                              Appeals Council        timely.
                               applies              Review Board will
                               ``substantial         use ``substantial
                               evidence'' test to    evidence'' test,
                               ALJ fact finding;     consider any
                               considers any         question of law as
                               question of law as    if it were
                               if it were            considering it for
                               considering it for    the first time,
                               the first time;       apply ``harmless
                               applies ``abuse of    error'' test;
                               discretion'' test     applies ``abuse of
                               to ALJ exercise of    discretion'' test
                               discretion..          to ALJ exercise of
                              Claimant may submit    discretion.
                               ``new and material   Additional evidence
                               evidence'' which      requirements
                               relates to the        similar to those at
                               period on or before   hearing level, with
                               the date of ALJ       the added
                               decision. The AC      requirement that
                               will consider the     evidence will be
                               entire record         accepted only if
                               including any new     the Review Board
                               and material          determines that
                               evidence related to   there is a
                               the period on or      reasonable
                               before the date of    probability that
                               ALJ decision and      the new evidence,
                               will review the       alone or in
                               case if ALJ's         consideration with
                               action, findings,     other evidence of
                               or conclusion is      record, would
                               contrary to the       change the outcome
                               ``weight of the       of the decision.
                               evidence.''.         Review Board can:
                                                     Issue new
                                                     decision
                                                     Remand to
                                                     ALJ
                                                     Summarily
                                                     affirm ALJ
                                                     decision.

[[Page 61225]]

 
Removal of Special Provision  When a case is        Remove current
 in Court Remands.             remanded by a         process. Claimant
                               court, the ALJ        who is dissatisfied
                               decision becomes      with the hearing
                               the final decision    decision would have
                               after remand unless   to appeal to the
                               the Appeals Council   Review Board.
                               assumes
                               jurisdiction. The
                               Appeals Council may
                               assume jurisdiction
                               based on a
                               claimant's written
                               exceptions or on
                               its own motion.
                              If no exceptions are
                               filed, or the
                               Appeals Council
                               does not assume
                               jurisdiction based
                               on exceptions or on
                               its own motion, a
                               claimant may seek
                               court review of the
                               final decision
                               after remand..
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Transitional Rules

    Our goal is to move as many cases to these new procedures as 
quickly as possible. Therefore, if we adopt these proposed rules, we 
plan to follow them with regard to any (1) cases for which a request 
for an ALJ hearing is made on or after the effective date of the final 
rules and (2) further review of ALJ hearing decisions or dismissals on 
or after the effective date of the final rules. On the effective date 
of the final rules, we also plan to transfer to the Review Board any 
cases then pending before the Decision Review Board or the Appeals 
Council, and to treat any pending request for review by the Appeals 
Council as a notice of appeal to the Review Board.
    We recognize, however, that on the date the final rules become 
effective there will be pending cases in which the first ALJ decision 
on the claim had been issued prior to the effective date of these 
rules, perhaps even several years prior to the date the new rules take 
effect. We believe it would be unfair to those claimants if we were to 
apply strictly the new provision in these proposed rules that limits 
the period of time covered by the claim to the date of the first ALJ 
decision.
    Therefore, for cases pending on the effective date of the final 
rules in which the first decision by an ALJ on the claim was issued 
prior to the effective date of the final rules, we propose to apply the 
new provision on limiting the period of time covered by the application 
for benefits in a different manner. For such cases, we will use the 
date of the first hearing or Review Board decision on the claim that is 
issued on or after the effective date of the final rules as the date by 
which entitlement must be established. For those cases, during the 
period between the effective date of the final rules and the date of 
the first hearing decision or dismissal or Review Board decision issued 
thereafter, we propose to apply the rest of these proposed rules to the 
extent practicable, but will accord the claimant the benefit of the 
prior procedures where necessary to avoid disadvantaging the claimant 
or any other party. For example, if the claimant has new evidence to 
submit that would not be admitted under the new rules we are proposing 
here, but would have been admissible under the rules previously in 
effect, we will accord the claimant the benefit of those earlier rules 
and accept the evidence.

Clarity of These Proposed Rules

    Executive Order 12866, as amended, requires each agency to write 
all rules in plain language. In addition to your substantive comments 
on these proposed rules, we invite your comments on how to make them 
easier to understand. For example:
     Have we organized the material to suit your needs?
     Are the requirements in the rules clearly stated?
     Do the rules contain technical language or jargon that 
isn't clear?
     Would a different format (grouping and order of sections, 
use of headings, paragraphing) make the rules easier to understand?
     Would more (but shorter) sections be better?
     Could we improve clarity by adding tables, lists, or 
diagrams?
     What else could we do to make the rules easier to 
understand?

When Will We Start To Use These Rules?

    We will not use these rules until we evaluate the public comments 
we receive on them, determine whether they should be issued as final 
rules, and issue final rules in the Federal Register. If we publish 
final rules, we will explain in the preamble how we will apply them, 
and summarize and respond to the public comments. Until the effective 
date of any final rules, we will continue to use our current rules.

Regulatory Procedures

Executive Order 12866, as Amended

    We have consulted with the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
and determined that this proposed rule is subject to OMB review because 
it meets the criteria for an economically significant regulatory action 
under Executive Order 12866, as amended. The Office of the Chief 
Actuary estimates that this proposed rule, if finalized, would reduce 
the program costs of the Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance 
(OASDI) and the SSI programs by $1.5 billion. That Office estimates 
that there would be a small increase in program costs in the first 
year, followed by savings that increase at first but then begin to 
decrease in 2013. Specifically, that Office estimates that program 
costs would be reduced by the following amounts ($ in millions) if this 
proposed rule were adopted in a final rule.

 Table 1.--Estimated Effect on OASDI and Federal SSI Benefit Payments of a Proposed Regulation Making Amendments
to the Administrative Law Judge, Appeals Council, and Decision Review Board Appeals Levels, Fiscal Years 2008-17
                                                  [In millions]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Fiscal year                          OASDI            SSI            Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2008..............................................             $15              $6             $21
2009..............................................             -32             -14             -46
2010..............................................            -117             -48            -166
2011..............................................            -138             -63            -201
2012..............................................            -154             -60            -215

[[Page 61226]]

 
2013..............................................            -171             -70            -241
2014..............................................            -159             -69            -228
2015..............................................            -142             -65            -206
2016..............................................            -101             -59            -160
2017..............................................             -48             -42             -90
                                                   -------------------------------------------------------------
    Totals:
        2008-2012.................................            -427            -180            -607
        2008-2017.................................          -1,047            -484         -1,531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Totals may not equal the sum of components due to rounding.)

    Regarding the estimates in the above table, we note that this NPRM 
would have two principal effects relative to the baseline under current 
rules. First, the closing of the record after the initial decision by 
an ALJ would be accelerated relative to the baseline. Under the 
baseline in the FY 2008 Budget and the Mid-Session Review, we assumed 
that DSI would be phased in one region per year over a 10-year period. 
Included in that implementation is a closing of the record that is very 
similar to that in the NPRM. The difference is that the NPRM would 
implement this change for all regions immediately. This acceleration of 
the closure of the record is estimated to provide significant 
reductions in cost through reduced allowances over the next 10 years or 
so.
    The second principal effect would be from establishing immediately 
the Review Board (RB) for all regions. Under current rules, the Appeals 
Council (AC) is assumed to be replaced one region at a time by the 
Decision Review Board (DRB) over the 10-year period. Thus, implementing 
the RB essentially immediately would at first largely replace the AC 
with RB, but over the next 10 years, it would be the DRB that would be 
effectively replaced by the RB. We estimate that the RB would not 
function much differently from the AC. But because we have assumed the 
DRB would be more restrictive than the current AC in the future, 
replacing the DRB with the RB would be less restrictive and would thus 
result in more allowances and cost. But this cost would only gradually 
grow through the next 10 years.
    The combination of these two principal effects would initially 
reduce allowances (via immediate closure of the record). But this 
initial effect would gradually diminish because the current rule would 
also affect closure of the record, but more gradually. However, just as 
the reduction in allowances from the first effect is diminishing, the 
increase in allowances from having the RB instead of the DRB would be 
gradually rising. By the end of 10 years, the net annual reductions in 
costs would have diminished substantially.
    There is substantial uncertainty associated with estimated effects 
of the provisions in this NPRM. We have attempted to develop estimates 
reflecting the most likely outcome. We believe we are very likely to 
have properly assessed the direction of change from each of the 
principal changes. But the magnitude of the effect could be different. 
It may be useful to think in terms of a plausible range where the 
impact of all provisions were either 50 percent higher or 50 percent 
lower than assumed for our estimate. In this case, the overall annual 
costs estimated would be 50 percent higher or 50 percent lower, 
respectively. While it is not possible to assign a specific probability 
that actual program cost effects will fall in this range, we believe 
the probability is high.
    As indicated above, the two principal effects of this NPRM would 
tend to have opposite impacts on program cost. The effect of lowering 
program cost by accelerating the implementation of closure of the 
record would be temporary, lasting for only a short time after the end 
of the 10-year budget period. However, the effect of changing 
ultimately from the Decision Review Board in current rules to the 
Review Board in this NPRM would have persistent effects beyond 10 
years, resulting in sustained small increases in allowances and thus in 
program cost. The magnitude of this persistent effect on long-range 
program cost is expected to be negligible (i.e., less than 0.005 
percent of taxable payroll).

  Table 2.--Accounting Statement: Estimated Economic Impact of Amending
 the Administrative Law Judge, Appeals Council and Decision Review Board
              Appeals Level From 2008-2017 in 2007 Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Category                            Transfers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized Monetized Transfers.........  $127.3 million (7% discount
                                          rate).
                                         $131.1 million (3% discount
                                          rate).
From Whom To Whom?.....................  From SSA beneficiaries to the
                                          Social Security trust fund and
                                          the general fund.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    We certify that this proposed rule, if published in final, will not 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities as it affects only individuals. Therefore, a regulatory 
flexibility analysis as provided in the Regulatory Flexibility Act, as 
amended, is not required.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    We propose to include in parts 404 and 416 of our rules many of the 
hearing level procedures now in place for disability cases in the 
Boston region.

[[Page 61227]]

This change will expand those rules nationwide and apply them to 
hearings on both disability and non-disability matters. We also propose 
to amend our rules governing the final level of the administrative 
review process to make proceedings at that level more like those used 
by a Federal appeals court when it reviews the decision of a lower 
court that has been appealed to it, to establish procedures for appeals 
to that level, and to change the name of the body that will hear such 
appeals from the ``Appeals Council,'' or the ``Decision Review Board'' 
in the Boston region, to the ``Review Board.''
    Requests for information from the public for the hearings process 
and the associated collection of evidence/documents are paperwork 
burdens that require clearance under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 
1995. The chart below outlines those sections in this proposed rule 
that contain the paperwork burdens. The changes to the majority of the 
sections are minor. Also, most of the paperwork burdens for these rules 
have already been cleared by OMB and are accounted for under separate 
OMB numbers. Consequently, we show a 1-hour placeholder for these 
burdens. Respondents to these collections are individuals who request 
an appeal of a hearing decision or an unfavorable decision on their 
claims.

Part 404--Federal Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance

Part 416--Supplemental Security Income for the Aged, Blind, and 
Disabled

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         Average
     Title/section & collection      Annual  number   Frequency of     burden per      Estimated annual burden
            description                    of           response        response               (hours)
                                       respondents                      (minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
404.933(a)-(d), 416.1433(a)-(d).     ..............  ..............  ..............  1 hour place holder burden
 How to request a hearing--you must                                                   (covered by OMB No. 0960-
 request a hearing by filing a                                                        0269, Request for Hearing
 written request.                                                                     by Administrative Law
                                                                                      Judge, 20 CFR 404.967-
                                                                                      .981, 416.1467-.1481).
404.933(a)(4), 416.1433(a)(4). If           493,155               1               5  41,096.
 disability is an issue, a
 statement of the medically
 determinable impairment should be
 included in the written request
 for a hearing.
404.933(d), 416.1433(d). Extension           10,959               1              10  1,827.
 of time to request a hearing--you
 may ask us for more time to
 request a hearing.
404.933(e), 416.1433(e). Waiver of   ..............  ..............  ..............  1 hour place holder burden
 right to appear--you may ask the                                                     (covered by OMB No.
 administrative law judge to decide                                                   0960.0284, Waiver of your
 your case without a hearing.                                                         right to a personal
                                                                                      appearance before an
                                                                                      administrative law judge).
404.935(a)-(c), 416.1435(a)-(c).            547,950               1              60  547,950.
 Submitting evidence to an
 administrative law judge.
404.935(d)(1) & (2), 416.1435(d)(1)           3,750               1              30  1,875.
 & (2). Subpoena--you must file a
 written request for a subpoena.
404.935(d)(4), 416.1435(d)(4).                   10               1              30  5.
 Subpoena--you may ask the
 administrative law judge to
 withdraw or limit the scope of the
 subpoena.
404.938(c), 416.1438(c).             ..............  ..............  ..............  1 hour placeholder burden
 Acknowledging the notice of                                                          (covered by OMB No. 0960-
 hearing--we will ask you to return                                                   0671, Acknowledgement of
 a form to let us know that you                                                       Receipt (Notice of
 received the notice.                                                                 Hearing), Part 404,
                                                                                      Subpart J, 404.936, .938,
                                                                                      .950, Part 416, Subpart N.
404.939(a), 416.1439(a).                     18,265               1              30  9,132.
 Objections--you should notify the
 administrative law judge in
 writing if you object to the time
 and place of your hearing.
404.939(b), 416.1439(b).                         10               1              30  5.
 Objections--you should notify the
 administrative law judge in
 writing if you believe that issues
 in the hearing notice are
 incorrect.
404.948(b), 416.1448(b). Deciding a  ..............  ..............  ..............  1 hour place holder burden
 case without a hearing before and                                                    (covered by OMB No.
 administrative law judge--You                                                        0960.0284, Waiver of your
 state in writing that you do not                                                     right to a personal
 wish to appear at a hearing.                                                         appearance before an
                                                                                      administrative law judge).
404.950(a), 416.1450(a). Presenting  ..............  ..............  ..............  1 hour placeholder burden
 evidence at a hearing before an                                                      (covered by OMB No. 0960-
 administrative law judge.                                                            0671, Acknowledgement of
                                                                                      Receipt (Notice of
                                                                                      Hearing), Part 404,
                                                                                      Subpart J, 404.936, .938,
                                                                                      .950, Part 416, Subpart N.
404.961(b), 416.1461(b). Prehearing          36,500               1              30  18,250.
 and posthearing proceedings--you
 may submit a prehearing statement
 describing why you disagree with
 the reconsidered determination.

[[Page 61228]]

 
404.969(a)-(b), 416.1469(a)-(b).     ..............  ..............  ..............  1 hour placeholder burden
 How to appeal to the Review Board--                                                  (covered by OMB NO. 0960-
 to begin your appeal you must file                                                   0277, Request for Review
 a notice of appeal.                                                                  of Hearing Decision/Order,
                                                                                      20 CFR 404.967-.981,
                                                                                      416.1467-.1481).
404.969(b)(2), 416.1469(b)(2). How            2,000               1              10  334.
 to appeal to the Review Board--you
 may ask that the time for filing a
 notice of appeal be extended.
404.969(c), 416.1469(c). Contents            93,461               1              60  93,461.
 of the Appeal--you should include
 with your notice of appeal a
 written statement.
404.974(a), 416.1474(a). Procedures          45,000               1              10  7,500.
 before the board, obtaining copies
 of evidence--you may request and
 receive copies or a statement of
 documents and other written
 evidence.
404.974(b), 416.1474(b). Filing              45,000               1              60  45,000.
 briefs with the Review Board--you
 may file a brief or other written
 statement.
404.974(e), 416.1474(e). Oral                   300               1              10  50.
 arguments--you may ask to appear
 before the review board to present
 an oral argument.
404.976(a)(4), 416.1476(a)(4).                  600               1              10  100.
 Dismissal by Review Board--you may
 file a written request for
 dismissal.
404.976(a)(5), 416.1476(a)(5).                   20               1              20  7.
 Dismissal by Review Board--a
 person other than the claimant may
 file a written appeal.
404.977(d)(1), 416.1477(d)(1).                   20               1              60  20.
 Filing briefs with the Review
 Board--you may file briefs or
 other written statements with the
 Review Board.
404.982(b), 416.1482(b). Review of            1,475               1              10  245.
 final decisions in Federal
 District Court--you may request an
 extension in time for filing an
 action in Federal District Court.
                                    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total..........................         805,320  ..............  ..............  725,761.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    An Information Collection Request has been submitted to OMB for 
clearance. We are soliciting comments on the burden estimate; the need 
for the information; its practical utility; ways to enhance its 
quality, utility and clarity; and on ways to minimize the burden on 
respondents, including the use of automated collection techniques or 
other forms of information technology. Comments should be sent to OMB 
by fax or by e-mail to:
    Office of Management and Budget, Attn: Desk Officer for SSA, Fax 
Number: 202-395-6974, E-mail address: [email protected].
    Comments on the paperwork burdens associated with this rule can be 
received for up to 60 days after publication of this notice and will be 
most useful if received within 30 days of publication. This does not 
affect the deadline for the public to comment to SSA on the proposed 
regulations. These information collection requirements will not become 
effective until approved by OMB. When OMB has approved these 
information collection requirements, SSA will publish a notice in the 
Federal Register. To receive a copy of the OMB clearance package, 
please contact the Reports Clearance Officer at [email protected].

(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Program Nos. 96.001, Social 
Security--Disability Insurance; 96.002, Social Security--Retirement 
Insurance; 96.004, Social Security--Survivors Insurance; and 96.006, 
Supplemental Security Income)

List of Subjects

20 CFR Part 404

    Administrative practice and procedure; Blind; Disability benefits; 
Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance; Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements; Social Security.

20 CFR Part 405

    Administrative practice and procedure; Blind, Disability benefits; 
Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance; Public assistance 
programs; Reporting and recordkeeping requirements; Social Security; 
Supplemental Security Income (SSI).

20 CFR Part 416

    Administrative practice and procedure; Aged, Blind, Disability 
benefits, Public Assistance programs; Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements; Supplemental Security Income (SSI).

    Dated: October 15, 2007.
Michael J. Astrue,
Commissioner of Social Security.
    For the reasons set out in the preamble, we propose to amend 
subpart J of part 404, part 405, and subpart N of part 416 as set forth 
below:

PART 404--FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE 
(1950- )

Subpart J--[Amended]

    1. The authority citation for subpart J of part 404 continues to 
read as follows:


[[Page 61229]]


    Authority: Secs. 201(j), 204(f), 205(a), (b), (d)-(h), and (j), 
221, 223(i), 225, and 702(a)(5) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 401(j), 404(f), 405(a), (b), (d)-(h), and (j), 421, 423(i), 
425, and 902(a)(5)); sec. 5, Pub. L. 97-455, 96 Stat. 2500 (42 
U.S.C. 405 note); secs. 5, 6(c)-(e), and 15, Pub. L. 98-460, 98 
Stat. 1802 (42 U.S.C. 421 note); sec. 202, Pub. L. 108-203, 118 
Stat. 509 (42 U.S.C. 902 note).

    2. Amend Sec.  404.900 by revising paragraphs (a)(4) and (b) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  404.900  Introduction.

    (a) * * *
    (4) Appeal to the Review Board. If you are dissatisfied with the 
decision of the administrative law judge, you may appeal that decision 
to the Review Board.
* * * * *
    (b) Nature of the administrative review process. In making a 
determination or decision in your case, we conduct the administrative 
review process in an informal, nonadversarial manner. Subject to the 
limitations in Sec. Sec.  404.935 and 404.973 on submitting evidence at 
the administrative law judge and Review Board levels, you may present 
any information you feel may be helpful to your case. You may present 
the information yourself or have someone represent you, including an 
attorney. At each step of the review process, we will consider all 
relevant evidence that has been made part of the record. If you are 
dissatisfied with our decision in the review process, but do not take 
the next step within the stated time period, you will lose your right 
to further administrative review and your right to judicial review 
unless you can show us that there was good cause for your failure to 
pursue the next step of our review process in a timely manner.


Sec.  404.901  [Amended]

    3. Amend Sec.  404.901 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and adding, in their place, the words ``Review Board''.
    4. Amend Sec.  404.911 by revising paragraph (b)(5) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  404.911  Good cause for missing the deadline to request review.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) You asked us for additional information explaining our action 
within the time limit, and within 60 days of receiving the explanation 
you requested reconsideration or a hearing, or within 30 days of 
receiving the explanation you filed a notice of appeal to the Review 
Board or filed a civil suit.
* * * * *
    5. Amend Sec.  404.924 by revising paragraph (a) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  404.924  When the expedited appeals process may be used.

* * * * *
    (a) We have made an initial and a reconsidered determination; an 
administrative law judge has made a hearing decision; or a decision has 
been appealed to the Review Board, but a final decision has not been 
issued.
* * * * *
    6. Amend Sec.  404.925 by revising paragraph (a)(4) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  404.925  How to request expedited appeals process.

    (a) * * *
    (4) At any time after you have filed a timely notice of appeal to 
the Review Board, but before the Review Board has issued a decision.
* * * * *


Sec.  404.928  [Amended]

    7. Amend Sec.  404.928 by removing the words ``Appeals Council 
review'' and adding, in their place, the words ``a notice of appeal to 
the Review Board''.
    8. Revise Sec.  404.929 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.929  Hearing before an administrative law judge-general.

    (a) If you are dissatisfied with one of the determinations or 
decisions listed in Sec.  404.930 you may request a hearing. We will 
appoint an administrative law judge to conduct the hearing proceedings. 
If circumstances warrant after making the appointment (for example, if 
the administrative law judge becomes unavailable), we may assign your 
case to another administrative law judge.
    (b) You may examine the evidence used in making the reconsidered 
determination, submit evidence, appear at the hearing, and present and 
question witnesses. The administrative law judge may ask you questions 
and will issue a decision based on the hearing record. If you waive 
your right to appear at the hearing, the administrative law judge will 
make a decision based on the evidence that is in the file, on any new 
evidence that is timely submitted, and on any evidence that the 
administrative law judge obtains.
    9. Revise Sec.  404.933 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.933  How to request a hearing before an administrative law 
judge.

    (a) Written request. You must request a hearing by filing a written 
request. You should include in your request--
    (1) Your name and social security number,
    (2) If your case concerns your benefits under an account other than 
your own, the name and social security number of the wage earner under 
whose account you are filing,
    (3) The specific reasons you disagree with the reconsidered 
determination,
    (4) If disability is an issue in your case, a statement of the 
medically determinable impairment(s) that you believe prevents you from 
working,
    (5) Additional evidence that you have available to you, and
    (6) The name and address of your representative, if any.
    (b) Time limit for filing request. An administrative law judge will 
hear your case if you request a hearing in writing no later than 60 
days after the date you receive notice of the reconsidered 
determination (or within the extended time period if we extend the time 
as provided in paragraph (d) of this section). The administrative law 
judge may decide your case without an oral hearing under the 
circumstances described in Sec.  404.948.
    (c) Place for filing request. You should submit a written request 
for a hearing at one of our offices. In addition, if you have a 
disability claim, you may also file the request at the Veterans Affairs 
regional office in the Philippines, or if you have 10 or more years of 
service, or at least 5 years of service accruing after December 31, 
1995, in the railroad industry, an office of the Railroad Retirement 
Board.
    (d) Extension of time to request a hearing. You may ask us for more 
time to request a hearing. Your request for an extension of time must 
be in writing and must give the reasons the hearing request was not 
filed, or cannot be filed, in time. If you show us that you have good 
cause for missing the deadline, we will extend the time period. To 
determine whether good cause exists, we use the standards explained in 
Sec.  404.911 of this part.
    (e) Waiver of the right to appear. After you submit your request 
for a hearing, you may ask the administrative law judge to decide your 
case without a hearing, as described in Sec.  404.948(b). The 
administrative law judge may grant the request unless he or she 
believes that a hearing is necessary. You may withdraw this waiver of 
your right to appear at a hearing any time before notice of the hearing 
decision is mailed to you, and we will schedule a hearing as soon as 
practicable.
    10. Revise Sec.  404.935 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.935  Submitting evidence to an administrative law judge.

    (a) General. You should submit with your request for hearing any 
evidence that you have available to you. All documents prepared and 
submitted by

[[Page 61230]]

you (i.e., not including medical or other evidence that is prepared by 
someone other than you or your representative) should clearly designate 
your name and the last four digits of your social security number. All 
such documents must be clear and legible to the fullest extent 
practicable and delivered or mailed to the administrative law judge 
within the time frames in paragraph (b) of this section, unless the 
administrative law judge allows additional time for submitting 
evidence.
    (b) Time for submitting evidence. Any documents that you wish to 
have considered at the hearing must be submitted no later than 5 
business days before the date of the scheduled hearing. If you do not 
comply with this requirement, the administrative law judge may decline 
to consider the evidence unless the circumstances described in 
paragraph (c) of this section apply.
    (c) Late submission of evidence. (1) If you miss the deadline 
described in paragraph (b) of this section and you wish to submit 
evidence during the 5 business days before the hearing or at the 
hearing, the administrative law judge will accept the evidence if you 
show that:
    (i) Our action misled you;
    (ii) You had a physical, mental, educational, or linguistic 
limitation(s) that prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier; 
or
    (iii) Some other unusual, unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance 
beyond your control prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier.
    (2) If you miss the deadline described in paragraph (b) of this 
section and you wish to submit evidence after the hearing and before 
the hearing decision is issued, the administrative law judge will 
accept the evidence if you show that there is a reasonable possibility 
that the evidence, alone or when considered with the other evidence of 
record, would affect the outcome of your case, and:
    (i) Our action misled you;
    (ii) You had a physical, mental, educational, or linguistic 
limitation(s) that prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier; 
or
    (iii) Some other unusual, unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance 
beyond your control prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier.
    (d) Subpoenas. (1) When it is reasonably necessary for the full 
presentation of a case, an administrative law judge may, on his or her 
own initiative or at your request, issue subpoenas for the appearance 
and testimony of witnesses and for the production of any documents that 
are relevant to an issue at the hearing.
    (2) To have documents or witnesses subpoenaed, you must file a 
written request for a subpoena with the administrative law judge at 
least 20 days before the hearing date. The written request must:
    (i) Give the names of the witnesses or describe the documents to be 
produced;
    (ii) Describe the address or location of the witnesses or documents 
with sufficient detail to find them;
    (iii) State the important facts that the witness or document is 
expected to show; and
    (iv) Indicate why these facts could not be shown without that 
witness or document.
    (3) We will pay the cost of issuing the subpoena and pay subpoenaed 
witnesses the same fees and mileage they would receive if they had been 
subpoenaed by a Federal district court.
    (4) Within 5 days of receipt of a subpoena, but no later than the 
date of the hearing, the person against whom the subpoena is directed 
may ask the administrative law judge to withdraw or limit the scope of 
the subpoena and must set forth the reasons why the subpoena should be 
withdrawn or why it should be limited in scope.
    (5) Upon failure of any person to comply with a subpoena, the 
Office of the General Counsel may seek enforcement of the subpoena 
under section 205(e) of the Act.
    11. Revise Sec.  404.936 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.936  Time and place for a hearing before an administrative 
law judge.

    (a) General. The administrative law judge sets the time and place 
for the hearing. The administrative law judge will notify you of the 
time and place of the hearing at least 75 days before the date of the 
hearing, unless you agree to a shorter notice period. If it is 
necessary, the administrative law judge may change the time and place 
of the hearing. If the administrative law judge changes the time and 
place of the hearing, he or she will send you reasonable notice of the 
change.
    (b) Where we hold hearings. We hold hearings in the 50 States, the 
District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana 
Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin 
Islands.
    (c) Determination regarding in-person, telephonic, or video 
teleconference appearance of witnesses at the hearing. (1) In setting 
the time and place of the hearing, the administrative law judge will 
determine whether you will appear at the hearing in person or by video 
teleconference or, under certain extraordinary circumstances, by 
telephone. If you object to appearing personally by video 
teleconference, we will re-schedule the hearing to a time and place at 
which you may appear in person before the administrative law judge. The 
administrative law judge may direct you to appear by telephone when:
    (i) Your appearance in person is not possible, such as if you are 
incarcerated and the facility will not allow a hearing to be held at 
the facility, and
    (ii) Video teleconference is not available.
    (2) In setting the time and place of the hearing, the 
administrative law judge will determine whether any other person will 
appear at the hearing in person, by telephone, or by video 
teleconference. If you object to any other person appearing by 
telephone or video teleconference, the administrative law judge will 
decide whether to have that person appear in person, by telephone, or 
by video teleconference. The administrative law judge will direct a 
person, other than you if you object to your appearing by video 
teleconference, to appear by video teleconference when:
    (i) Video teleconference technology is available,
    (ii) Use of video teleconference technology would be more efficient 
than conducting an examination of a witness in person, and
    (iii) The administrative law judge determines that there is no 
other reason why video teleconference should not be used.
    12. Revise Sec.  404.938 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.938  Notice of a hearing before an administrative law judge.

    (a) Issuing the notice. After the administrative law judge sets the 
time and place of the hearing, we will mail notice of the hearing to 
you at your last known address or give the notice to you by personal 
service. We will mail or serve the notice at least 75 days before the 
date of the hearing, unless you agree to a shorter notice period.
    (b) Notice information. The notice of hearing will tell you:
    (1) The specific issues to be decided,
    (2) That you may designate a person to represent you during the 
proceedings,
    (3) How to request that we change the time or place of your 
hearing,
    (4) That your hearing request may be dismissed if you fail to 
appear at your scheduled hearing without good reason under Sec.  
404.911,
    (5) Whether your appearance will be in person or by video 
teleconference (or, in exceptional circumstances, by

[[Page 61231]]

telephone) and whether any witness's appearance will be in person, by 
telephone, or by video teleconference, and
    (6) That you must submit all evidence that you wish to have 
considered at the hearing no later than 5 business days before the date 
of the scheduled hearing, unless you show that your circumstances meet 
the conditions described in Sec.  404.935(c) for missing the deadline.
    (c) Acknowledging the notice of hearing. In the notice of hearing, 
we will ask you to return a form, within 5 days of the date you receive 
the notice, to let us know that you received the notice. If you or your 
representative does not acknowledge receipt of the notice of hearing, 
we will attempt to contact you to see if you received it. If you let us 
know that you did not receive the notice of hearing, we will send you 
an amended notice by certified mail.
    13. Revise Sec.  404.939 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.939  Objections.

    (a) Time and Place. (1) If you object to the time or place of your 
hearing, you must notify the administrative law judge in writing at the 
earliest possible opportunity before the date set for the hearing, but 
no later than 30 days after receiving notice of the hearing. You must 
state the reason(s) for your objection and propose a time and place you 
want the hearing to be held.
    (2) The administrative law judge will consider your reason(s) for 
requesting the change and the impact of the proposed change on the 
efficient administration of the hearing process. Factors affecting the 
impact of the change include, but are not limited to, the effect on the 
processing of other scheduled hearings, delays which might occur in 
rescheduling your hearing, and whether we previously granted to you any 
changes in the time or place of your hearing.
    (b) Issues. If you believe that the issues contained in the hearing 
notice are incorrect, you should notify the administrative law judge in 
writing at the earliest possible opportunity, but must notify him or 
her no later than 5 business days before the date set for the hearing. 
You must state the reason(s) for your objection. The administrative law 
judge will make a decision on your objection either at the hearing or 
in writing before the hearing.


Sec.  404.940  [Amended]

    14. Amend Sec.  404.940 by removing the words ``Associate 
Commissioner for Hearings and Appeals'' and adding, in their place, the 
word ``we'', and by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' and, in 
their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.


Sec.  404.943  [Removed and Reserved]

    15. Remove and reserve Sec.  404.943.
    16. Revise Sec.  404.944 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.944  Administrative law judge hearing procedures--general.

    (a) General. A hearing is open only to you and to other persons the 
administrative law judge considers necessary and proper. The 
administrative law judge will conduct the proceedings in an orderly and 
efficient manner. At the hearing, the administrative law judge will 
look fully into all of the issues raised in your case, will question 
you and the other witnesses, and will accept any evidence relating to 
your case that you submit in accordance with Sec.  404.935.
    (b) Conducting the hearing. The administrative law judge will 
decide the order in which the evidence will be presented. The 
administrative law judge may stop the hearing temporarily and continue 
it at a later date if he or she decides that there is evidence missing 
from the record that must be obtained before the hearing may continue. 
At any time before the notice of the decision is sent to you, the 
administrative law judge may hold a supplemental hearing in order to 
receive additional evidence, consistent with the procedures described 
in Sec. Sec.  404.946 through 404.961.
    17. Revise Sec.  404.946 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.946  Issues before an administrative law judge.

    (a) General. The issues before the administrative law judge include 
all the issues raised in your case, regardless of whether or not the 
issues may have already been decided in your favor.
    (b) New issues. Any time after receiving the hearing request and 
before mailing notice of the hearing decision, the administrative law 
judge may consider a new issue if he or she, before deciding the issue, 
provides you an opportunity to address it. The administrative law judge 
or any party may raise a new issue. An issue may be raised even though 
it arose after the request for a hearing and even though it has not 
been considered in an initial or reconsidered determination.
    (c) Collateral estoppel--issues previously decided. We already may 
have decided a fact that is an issue before the administrative law 
judge in one of our previous and final determinations or decisions 
involving you, but arising under a different title of the Act or under 
the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act. If this happens, the 
administrative law judge will not consider the issue again, but will 
accept the factual finding made in the previous determination or 
decision, unless he or she has reason to believe that it was wrong, or 
reopens the previous determination or decision under Sec.  404.987.
    18. Revise Sec.  404.948 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.948  Deciding a case without a hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    (a) Decision wholly favorable. If the evidence in the record 
supports a decision wholly in your favor, the administrative law judge 
may issue a decision without holding a hearing. However, the notice of 
the decision will inform you that you have the right to a hearing and 
that you have a right to examine the evidence on which the decision is 
based.
    (b) You do not wish to appear. The administrative law judge may 
decide a case on the record and not conduct a hearing if--
    (1) You state in writing that you do not wish to appear at a 
hearing, or
    (2) You live outside the United States and you do not inform us 
that you want to appear.
    (c) When a hearing is not held, the administrative law judge will 
make a record of the evidence, which, except for the transcript of the 
hearing, will contain the material described in Sec.  404.951. The 
decision of the administrative law judge must be based on this record.


Sec.  404.949  [Removed and Reserved]

    19. Remove and reserve Sec.  404.949.
    20. Revise Sec.  404.950 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.950  Presenting evidence at a hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    (a) The right to appear and present evidence. You have a right to 
appear before the administrative law judge, either in person or, when 
the administrative law judge determines that the conditions in Sec.  
404.936(c) exist, by telephone or video teleconference, to present 
evidence and to state your position. You also may appear by means of a 
designated representative.
    (b) Admissible evidence. Subject to Sec.  404.935, the 
administrative law judge may receive any evidence at the hearing that 
he or she believes relates to your case.
    (c) Witnesses at a hearing. Witnesses may appear at a hearing in 
person, by telephone, or by video teleconference.

[[Page 61232]]

Witnesses who appear at a hearing shall testify under oath or by 
affirmation, unless the administrative law judge finds an important 
reason to excuse them from taking an oath or making an affirmation. The 
administrative law judge, you, or your representative may ask the 
witnesses any questions relating to your case.
    (d) Closing statements. You or your representative may present a 
closing statement to the administrative law judge--
    (1) Orally at the end of the hearing,
    (2) In writing after the hearing and within a reasonable time 
period set by the administrative law judge, or
    (3) By using both methods under paragraphs (d)(1) and (2).
    21. Revise Sec.  404.951 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.951  Official record.

    (a) All hearings will be recorded. All evidence upon which the 
administrative law judge relies for the decision must be contained in 
the record, either directly or through administrative notice, if 
appropriate. The official record will include the applications, written 
statements, certificates, reports, affidavits, medical records, and 
other documents that were used in making the determination under review 
and any additional evidence or written statements that the 
administrative law judge admits into the record under Sec. Sec.  
404.935 and 404.944. All admitted evidence must be incorporated into 
the record. The official record of your case will contain all of the 
admitted evidence and a verbatim recording of all testimony offered at 
the hearing. It also will include any prior initial determinations or 
decisions relevant to your case. Subject to Sec.  404.973, the official 
record closes once the administrative law judge issues his or her 
decision, regardless of whether it becomes our final decision.
    (b) The recording of the hearing will be prepared as a typed copy 
of the proceedings if--
    (1) The case is sent to the Review Board without a decision, or 
with a recommended decision as ordered by the Review Board, by the 
administrative law judge;
    (2) You seek judicial review of your case by filing an action in a 
Federal district court within the stated time period, unless we request 
the court to remand the case; or
    (3) An administrative law judge or the Review Board asks for a 
written record of the proceedings in cases remanded by a Federal 
district court.
    22. Revise Sec.  404.952 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.952  Consolidated hearing before an administrative law judge.

    (a) General. (1) We may hold a consolidated hearing if--
    (i) You have requested a hearing to decide your case, and
    (ii) One or more of the issues to be considered at your hearing is 
the same as an issue involved in another case you have pending before 
us.
    (2) If the administrative law judge consolidates the cases, he or 
she will decide both cases, even if we have not yet made an initial 
determination or a reconsidered determination in the other case.
    (b) Record, evidence, and decision. There will be a single record 
at a consolidated hearing. This means that the evidence introduced at 
the hearing becomes the evidence of record in each case adjudicated. 
The administrative law judge may issue either a consolidated decision 
or separate decisions for each case.
    23. Revise Sec.  404.953 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.953  Decision by the administrative law judge.

    (a) The administrative law judge will make a decision based on all 
of the evidence, including the testimony at the hearing. The 
administrative law judge will prepare a written decision that explains 
in clear and understandable language the reasons for the decision.
    (b) During the hearing, in certain categories of cases that we 
identify in advance, the administrative law judge may orally explain in 
clear and understandable language the reasons for, and enter into the 
record, a wholly favorable decision. The administrative law judge will 
include in the record a document that sets forth the key data, findings 
of fact, and narrative rationale for the decision. Within 5 days after 
the hearing, if there are no subsequent changes to the analysis in the 
oral decision, we will send you a written decision that incorporates 
such oral decision by reference and that explains why the 
administrative law judge agrees or disagrees with the substantive 
findings and overall rationale of the reconsidered determination. If 
there is a change in the administrative law judge's analysis or 
decision, we will send you a written decision that is consistent with 
paragraph (a) of this section. Upon written request, we will provide 
you a record of the oral decision.
    24. Revise Sec.  404.955 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.955  The effect of the administrative law judge's decision.

    The decision of the administrative law judge is binding on all 
parties to the hearing unless--
    (a) You or another party to the hearing appeals the decision to the 
Review Board;
    (b) The Review Board decides to review the decision on its own 
motion, as provided in Sec.  404.970; or
    (c) The decision is a recommended decision to the Review Board as 
ordered by the Review Board; or
    (d) The decision is revised by an administrative law judge or the 
Review Board under the procedures explained in Sec.  404.987.


Sec.  404.956  [Amended]

    25. Amend Sec.  404.956 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and, in their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.
    26. Revise Sec.  404.957 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.957  Dismissal of a request for a hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    An administrative law judge may dismiss a request for a hearing:
    (a) At any time before notice of the hearing decision is mailed, 
when you withdraw the request orally on the record at the hearing or in 
writing;
    (b)(1) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the hearing or at the prehearing conference, 
we notified you previously that your request for hearing may be 
dismissed if you did not appear, and you do not give a good reason for 
failing to appear; or
    (2) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the hearing or at the prehearing conference, 
we had not notified you previously that your request for hearing may be 
dismissed if you did not appear, and within 10 days after we send you a 
notice asking why you did not appear, you do not give a good reason for 
failing to appear.
    (3) In determining whether you had a good reason under this 
paragraph, we will consider the factors described in Sec.  404.911 of 
this part.
    (4) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the prehearing conference but the provisions 
of Sec.  404.948(b) apply, the administrative law judge will issue a 
decision without holding a hearing.
    (c) If the doctrine of res judicata applies because we have made a 
previous determination or decision in your case on the same facts and 
on the same issue or issues, and this previous determination or 
decision has become final;

[[Page 61233]]

    (d) If you have no right to a hearing under Sec.  404.930;
    (e) If you did not request a hearing in time and we have not 
extended the time for requesting a hearing; or
    (f) If you die and your estate or any person to whom an 
underpayment may be distributed under Sec.  404.503 or Sec.  416.542 of 
this chapter has not pursued your case.
    27. Revise the second sentence of Sec.  404.958 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.958  Notice of dismissal of a request for hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    * * * The notice will state that you have the right to appeal the 
dismissal to the Review Board.


Sec.  404.959  [Amended]

    28. Amend Sec.  404.959 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and, in their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.


Sec.  404.960  [Amended]

    29. Amend Sec.  404.960 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and, in their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.
    30. Revise Sec.  404.961 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.961  Prehearing and posthearing proceedings.

    (a) Prehearing conferences. (1) The administrative law judge, on 
his or her own initiative or at your request, may decide to conduct a 
prehearing conference if he or she finds that such a conference would 
facilitate the hearing or the decision in your case. A prehearing 
conference normally will be held by telephone, unless the 
administrative law judge decides that conducting it in another manner 
would be more efficient and effective in addressing the issues raised 
at the conference. We will give you reasonable notice of the time, 
place, and manner of the conference.
    (2) At the conference, the administrative law judge may consider 
matters such as simplifying or amending the issues, obtaining and 
submitting evidence, and any other matters that may expedite the 
hearing.
    (3) The administrative law judge will summarize in writing, or on 
the record at the hearing, the actions taken or to be taken as a result 
of the conference.
    (4) Subject to Sec.  404.957(b)(4), if neither you nor the person 
you designate to act as your representative appears at the prehearing 
conference, and under Sec.  404.957(b) you do not have a good reason 
for failing to appear, we may dismiss the hearing request.
    (b) Prehearing statements. (1) At any time before the hearing 
begins, you may submit, or the administrative law judge may request 
that you submit, a prehearing statement describing why you disagree 
with the reconsidered determination.
    (2) Unless otherwise requested by the administrative law judge, a 
prehearing statement should discuss briefly the following matters:
    (i) Issues involved in the proceeding,
    (ii) Facts,
    (iii) Witnesses,
    (iv) The evidentiary and legal basis upon which you believe the 
administrative law judge should decide the case in your favor, and
    (v) Any other comments, suggestions, or information that might 
assist the administrative law judge in preparing for the hearing.
    (c) Posthearing conferences. (1) The administrative law judge may 
decide, on his or her own initiative or at your request, to hold a 
posthearing conference to facilitate the hearing decision. A 
posthearing conference normally will be held by telephone unless the 
administrative law judge decides that conducting it in another manner 
would be more efficient and effective in addressing the issues raised. 
We will give you reasonable notice of the time, place, and manner of 
the conference. The administrative law judge will place in the record a 
written summary describing the actions taken or to be taken as a result 
of the conference.
    (2) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the posthearing conference, and under Sec.  
404.957(b) you do not have a good reason for failing to appear, we will 
issue a decision based on the information available in your case.
    31. Remove the undesignated center heading ``APPEALS COUNCIL 
REVIEW'' preceding Sec.  404.966.


Sec. Sec.  404.966 through 404.984  [Removed]

    32. Remove existing Sec. Sec.  404.966 through 404.984 and the 
undesignated center heading preceding Sec.  404.983.
    33. Add a new undesignated center heading and Sec. Sec.  404.967 
through 404.977 and Sec. Sec.  404.982 and 404.983 to read as follows:

Appeals to the Review Board


Sec.  404.967  The Review Board.

    (a) The Review Board is composed of administrative appeals judges 
whom we appoint. It is responsible for reviewing decisions made by 
administrative law judges in cases where you or another party to the 
proceedings has filed a notice of appeal of the administrative law 
judge's decision. A party also may appeal an administrative law judge's 
dismissal of a request for hearing to the Review Board.
    (b) The Review Board may choose to review a decision by an 
administrative law judge even if no party has filed an appeal of that 
decision. The circumstances in which the Review Board may initiate such 
a review, and the procedures it will follow, are described in Sec.  
404.970.
    (c) The Review Board also may identify issues that impede 
consistent adjudication at any or all levels of the administrative 
review process and may recommend appropriate changes in policies and 
procedures to address those impediments. This advisory function will be 
performed separately from the Review Board's adjudicative function.


Sec.  404.968  Appeal to the Review Board--general.

    (a) If you or any other party is dissatisfied with a hearing 
decision that is unfavorable, in whole or in part, or with the 
dismissal of a hearing request, you may appeal that action to the 
Review Board. The Review Board will consider your appeal and either:
    (1) Affirm, reverse, or modify the decision of the administrative 
law judge;
    (2) Remand the case to an administrative law judge for further 
proceedings; or
    (3) Dismiss your appeal pursuant to Sec.  404.976.
    (b) The Review Board will notify the parties at their last known 
addresses of the action it has taken.


Sec.  404.969  How to appeal to the Review Board.

    (a) Right to appeal to the Review Board. If you are a party to the 
administrative proceedings in a case and an administrative law judge 
has issued a hearing decision or dismissal that is unfavorable to you, 
in whole or in part, you have the right to appeal that action by the 
administrative law judge to the Review Board.
    (b) Time limit on appeals to the Review Board. (1) To begin your 
appeal, you must file a notice of appeal within 60 days after the date 
you receive notice of the administrative law judge hearing decision or 
dismissal, unless we have extended the time period as provided in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (2) You or any party to a hearing decision may ask that the time 
for filing a notice of appeal to the Review Board be extended. The 
request for additional time must be in writing, must be filed with the 
Review Board, and must give the reasons why the notice of appeal was 
not filed, or cannot be filed, within

[[Page 61234]]

the 60-day period provided by paragraph (b)(1). If you show that you 
have good cause for missing the 60-day deadline, we will grant you 
additional time to file the notice of appeal. We use the standards in 
Sec.  404.911 to determine whether you had good cause.
    (c) Contents of the appeal. Your notice of appeal must be in 
writing and must clearly indicate that you are appealing a specific 
unfavorable administrative law judge hearing decision or dismissal. Any 
documents or other evidence you wish to have considered by the Review 
Board should be submitted with your notice of appeal. You also should 
include with your notice of appeal a written statement that identifies 
any errors you believe the administrative law judge made, explains why 
those alleged errors require reversal or modification of the 
administrative law judge's hearing decision or dismissal under the 
standards of review described in Sec.  404.971, and cites applicable 
law and specific facts in the administrative record to support your 
contentions.
    (d) Where to file your notice of appeal. You may file your notice 
of appeal at one of our offices. If you have a disability claim, you 
may also file your notice of appeal at the Veterans Affairs regional 
office in the Philippines or, if you have 10 or more years of service, 
or at least 5 years of service accruing after December 31, 1995, in the 
railroad industry, at an office of the Railroad Retirement Board.


Sec.  404.970  Review Board initiates review.

    (a) General. Anytime within 60 days after the date of a decision or 
dismissal that is subject to review under this section, the Review 
Board may decide on its own motion to review the action that was taken 
in your case. We may refer your case to the Review Board and ask that 
it review your case under this authority.
    (b) Identification of cases. We will identify a case for referral 
to the Review Board for possible review under this section before we 
effectuate the decision in the case. We will identify cases for 
referral to the Review Board through random and selective sampling 
techniques, which we may use in association with examination of the 
cases identified by sampling. We also will identify cases for referral 
to the Review Board through the evaluation of cases we conduct in order 
to effectuate decisions.
    (1) Random and selective sampling and case examinations. We may use 
random and selective sampling to identify cases involving any type of 
action (e.g., wholly or partially favorable decisions, unfavorable 
decisions, or dismissals) and any type of benefits (e.g., benefits 
based on disability, retirement, etc.). We will use selective sampling 
to identify cases that exhibit problematic issues or fact patterns that 
increase the likelihood of error. Neither our random sampling 
procedures nor our selective sampling procedures will identify cases 
based on the identity of the decisionmaker. We may examine cases that 
have been identified through random or selective sampling to refine the 
identification of cases that may meet the criteria for review by the 
Review Board.
    (2) Identification as a result of the effectuation process. We may 
refer a case requiring effectuation to the Review Board if, in the view 
of the effectuating component, the decision should not be effectuated 
because it contains an error that affects the outcome of the case, 
because the decision is clearly inconsistent with the Social Security 
Act, the regulations, a published Social Security Ruling, or other 
statement of policy, or because the decision is unclear regarding a 
matter that affects the outcome of the case.
    (c) Referral of cases. Any referral we make as a result of a case 
examination or the effectuation process will be in writing. This 
written referral will state the referring component's reasons for 
believing that the Review Board should review the case on its own 
motion. Referrals that result from selective sampling without a case 
examination may be accompanied by a written statement identifying the 
issue(s) or fact pattern that caused the referral. Referrals that 
result from random sampling without a case examination will only 
identify the case as a random sample case.
    (d) Review Board's action. If the Review Board decides to review a 
decision or dismissal on its own motion, it will mail a notice to all 
parties at their last known addresses stating that it has decided to 
review the case and stating the reasons for the review and the issues 
to be considered. The Review Board will include with that notice a copy 
of any written referral it received under paragraph (c) of this 
section. If the 60-day period within which the Review Board may 
initiate review on its own motion (see paragraph (a) of this section) 
ends before the Review Board is able to decide whether to review the 
decision or dismissal, the Review Board still may consider whether the 
decision or dismissal should be reopened pursuant to Sec. Sec.  404.987 
and 404.988.
    (e) Interim benefits. If the Review Board decides to review a 
decision on its own motion, or to reopen a decision as provided in 
Sec. Sec.  404.987 and 404.988, the notice of review or the notice of 
reopening issued by the Review Board will advise, where appropriate, 
that interim benefits will be payable if a final decision has not been 
issued within 110 days after the date of the decision that is reviewed 
or reopened, and that any interim benefits paid will not be considered 
overpayments unless the benefits are fraudulently obtained.


Sec.  404.971  Standard of review.

    (a) Review of hearing decisions. If you appeal a decision of an 
administrative law judge to the Review Board, or if the Review Board 
initiates a review under Sec.  404.970, the Review Board will review 
the factual findings of the administrative law judge using the 
substantial evidence test. Substantial evidence means such relevant 
evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a 
conclusion. The Review Board will consider any questions of law on 
their merits, without deference to the legal conclusions reached by the 
administrative law judge.
    (b) Review of dismissals. If you appeal an administrative law 
judge's dismissal of your request for a hearing, the Review Board will 
review the action of the administrative law judge for any abuse of 
discretion.
    (c) Harmless error. No error in either the admission or exclusion 
of evidence, and no error, defect, or omission in any ruling or 
decision of the administrative law judge, shall require the Review 
Board to vacate, modify, or reverse an otherwise appropriate ruling or 
decision of the administrative law judge unless, in the opinion of the 
Review Board, there is a reasonable probability that the error, alone 
or when considered with other aspects of the case, changed the outcome 
of the decision.


Sec.  404.972  Scope of review--period of time adjudicated.

    The administrative law judge's hearing decision in your case 
adjudicated the issues relevant to your case for the period of time up 
to and including the date the hearing decision was issued. If you or 
another party files an appeal of that hearing decision, or if the 
Review Board decides to review the decision on its own motion, the 
appeal and any subsequent proceedings will consider only that period of 
time ending with the date of the first hearing decision in your case. 
If the original hearing decision in your case is set aside, in whole or 
in part, by the Review Board or a Federal court and remanded to an 
administrative law judge for a new hearing or decision, the proceedings 
on

[[Page 61235]]

remand will consider your case only with regard to the period ending on 
the date of the original administrative law judge decision in your 
case.


Sec.  404.973  Scope of review--evidentiary record before the Review 
Board.

    (a) Subject to paragraphs (b) and (d) of this section, the 
evidentiary record for your case is closed as of the date of the first 
administrative law judge's decision in your case. The Review Board will 
base its action on the same evidence that was before the administrative 
law judge and will consider only that evidence that was in the record 
before the administrative law judge.
    (b) If you have submitted additional evidence with your appeal, and 
that additional evidence relates to the period on or before the date of 
the first administrative law judge hearing decision in your case, the 
Review Board will accept that evidence if you show that there is a 
reasonable probability that the evidence, alone or when considered with 
the other evidence of record, would change the outcome of the decision 
and:
    (1) Our action misled you;
    (2) You had a physical, mental, educational, or linguistic 
limitation(s) that prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier; 
or
    (3) Some other unusual, unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance 
beyond your control prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier.
    (4) You must submit with your additional evidence a written 
statement that explains why you believe you meet one or more of the 
criteria in paragraphs (b)(1), (2), and (3) of this section.
    (c) If you have submitted additional evidence with your appeal and 
the Review Board determines that the evidence does not relate to the 
period on or before the date of the administrative law judge's hearing 
decision, or otherwise does not satisfy the criteria in paragraph (b) 
of this section, the Review Board will return the additional evidence 
to you with an explanation as to why it did not accept the additional 
evidence. The notice returning the evidence to you will advise you that 
you have a right to file a new application and that, if you file a new 
application within 6 months after the date of the notice, we will 
consider your appeal as a written statement indicating an intent to 
claim benefits in accordance with Sec.  404.630 and use the date of 
your appeal as the filing date for your new application.
    (d) If the Review Board obtains additional evidence pursuant to 
Sec.  404.974(d) of this part, or remands your case to an 
administrative law judge with instructions to obtain additional 
evidence on one or more issues, any evidence so obtained will become 
part of the evidentiary record in your case.


Sec.  404.974  Procedures before Review Board.

    (a) Obtaining copies of evidence. You may request and receive 
copies or a statement of the documents or other written evidence upon 
which the hearing decision or dismissal was based and, if a hearing was 
held before an administrative law judge, a copy of the recording of 
that hearing. However, you will be asked to pay the costs of providing 
these copies unless there is a good reason why you should not pay.
    (b) Filing briefs or written statements with the Review Board. You 
may file a brief or other written statement about the facts and law 
relevant to the case. Any such brief or written statement should be 
filed with your notice of appeal, as provided in Sec.  404.969(c), or 
within 10 days thereafter. If there are other parties in your case and 
you choose to file a brief or written statement, you should send a copy 
to each party.
    (c) Limitation of issues. The Review Board may limit the issues it 
considers in your appeal. If the Review Board chooses to limit the 
issues it will consider, it will notify you and any other party of the 
specific issues it will consider.
    (d) Additional evidence. If the Review Board believes additional 
evidence is needed, it may remand the case to an administrative law 
judge to receive evidence and issue a new decision. However, if the 
Review Board decides it can obtain the evidence itself more quickly, it 
may do so, unless to do so would adversely affect your rights.
    (e) Oral argument. You may ask to appear before the Review Board to 
present oral argument. The Review Board may grant your request if it 
decides that your case raises an important question of law or policy or 
that oral argument would help the Review Board reach a proper decision. 
If your request for oral argument is granted, the Review Board will 
notify you of the time and place for the oral argument at least 10 days 
before the scheduled date.


Sec.  404.975  Actions that the Review Board may take.

    (a) If you appeal your case to the Review Board, or if the Review 
Board has decided to review your case on its own motion pursuant to 
Sec.  404.970, the Review Board may take one of the following actions:
    (1) The Review Board may dismiss the appeal pursuant to Sec.  
404.976;
    (2) If the Review Board decides that the administrative law judge's 
decision is supported by substantial evidence and contains no 
significant error of law, it may summarily affirm the decision of the 
administrative law judge;
    (3) If the Review Board determines that there were significant 
errors of law or fact in the decision of the administrative law judge, 
or if the Review Board believes there are aspects of the case that 
warrant further clarification, it may issue its own decision which 
affirms, reverses, or modifies the decision of the administrative law 
judge;
    (4) If the Review Board determines that there were significant 
errors of law or fact in the decision of the administrative law judge, 
or if the Review Board believes there are aspects of the case that 
warrant further clarification, it may remand the case to an 
administrative law judge for further proceedings and a new decision, or 
recommended decision, that is consistent with the instructions and 
limitations set forth by the Review Board in its order of remand; or
    (5) If the Review Board concludes that further development of the 
evidence is necessary before a decision can be reached, it may issue an 
order remanding your case to an administrative law judge for further 
proceedings consistent with the Review Board's order.
    (b) We will send notice of the Review Board's action to you at your 
last known address. The notice will explain in clear and simple 
language what action the Review Board has taken and the reasons for 
that action. If the Review Board issues a new decision pursuant to 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that decision will accompany the 
notice and will contain in understandable language a statement of the 
case setting forth the evidence on which the decision was based, the 
Review Board's analysis of the evidence and the issues, and the reasons 
for the Review Board's conclusions. If the Review Board summarily 
affirms the decision of the administrative law judge, or issues a new 
decision that decides your case, the notice also will advise you that 
the Review Board's action is our final decision and will explain how to 
seek judicial review of our decision. If the Review Board dismisses 
your appeal, the notice will advise you that the dismissal is our final 
decision and is not subject to further review. If the Review Board 
issues an order remanding your case for further proceedings, the notice

[[Page 61236]]

will explain that the remand order is not our final decision.


Sec.  404.976  Dismissal by Review Board.

    (a) The Review Board may dismiss any proceedings pending before it 
if--
    (1) You did not file your appeal within the prescribed period of 
time and the time for filing has not been extended;
    (2) The party who filed the appeal had no right to do so under 
Sec.  404.968;
    (3) The record shows that the administrative law judge who issued 
the hearing decision should have dismissed your request for hearing 
under Sec.  404.957;
    (4) You and all other parties to the proceedings file a written 
request for dismissal; or
    (5) You die, your estate or any other person to whom an 
underpayment may be distributed under Sec.  404.503 of this part has 
not pursued your appeal, and the record clearly shows that dismissal 
will not adversely affect any other person who wishes to continue the 
action. However, dismissal of the appeal for this reason will be 
vacated if, within 60 days after the date of the dismissal, another 
person submits a written appeal and shows that he or she may be 
adversely affected by the determination that was under appeal.
    (b) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, the 
Review Board's dismissal of an appeal pursuant to this section is 
binding and is not subject to further review.


Sec.  404.977  Case remanded by the Review Board.

    (a) When the Review Board may remand a case. The Review Board may 
remand a case to an administrative law judge to issue a new decision or 
recommended decision, and may instruct the administrative law judge to 
hold another hearing. The Review Board may also remand a case to have 
the administrative law judge obtain additional evidence or for other 
action.
    (b) Action by administrative law judge on remand. The 
administrative law judge shall take any action that is ordered by the 
Review Board and may take any additional action that is not 
inconsistent with the Review Board's order of remand. However, the 
administrative law judge may consider your case only with regard to the 
period of time on or before the date of the first administrative law 
judge decision in your case.
    (c) Notice when case is returned with a recommended decision. When 
the administrative law judge sends a case to the Review Board with a 
recommended decision, as ordered by the Review Board, a notice is 
mailed to the parties at their last known addresses. The notice tells 
them that the case has been sent to the Review Board with a recommended 
decision, includes a copy of the recommended decision, and explains the 
rules for filing briefs or other written statements with the Review 
Board.
    (d) Filing briefs or written statements with the Review Board. When 
the administrative law judge sends a case to the Review Board with a 
recommended decision, as ordered by the Review Board, you will be given 
20 days from the date that the recommended decision is mailed to you in 
which to file with the Review Board any briefs or other written 
statements about the facts and law relevant to your case. Any party may 
ask the Review Board for additional time to file briefs or other 
written statements. The Review Board will extend this period, as 
appropriate, if you show you had good cause for missing the deadline.
    (e) Action by Review Board on recommended decision. After receiving 
a recommended decision from the administrative law judge, as ordered by 
the Review Board, the Review Board will conduct its proceedings and 
take action according to the procedures explained in this subpart.


Sec.  404.982  Review of final decisions in Federal district court.

    (a) If the Review Board issues a final decision in your case 
pursuant to Sec.  404.975(a)(2) or Sec.  404.975(a)(3) of this part, 
that decision will be binding unless you or another party files a civil 
action in Federal district court seeking a review of that final 
decision. You have until 60 days after the date you receive the notice 
of the Review Board's decision to file your civil action with the 
court. We will presume you received the notice within 5 days of the 
date shown on the notice, unless you show us that you did not receive 
it within that 5-day period.
    (b) Any party to the Review Board's final decision, or to an 
expedited appeals process agreement, may request that the time for 
filing an action in a Federal district court be extended. The request 
must be in writing and must include the reasons why the action was not 
filed, or cannot be filed, within the stated time period. The request 
must be filed with the Review Board, or if it concerns an expedited 
appeals process agreement, with one of our offices. If you show that 
you had good cause for missing the deadline, the time period will be 
extended. We use the standards in Sec.  404.911 to determine whether 
good cause exists.


Sec.  404.983  Case remanded by a Federal court.

    When a Federal court remands a case to us for further 
consideration, the Review Board may make a decision, or it may remand 
the case to an administrative law judge with instructions to take 
action and issue a decision or return the case to the Review Board with 
a recommended decision. If the case is remanded by the Review Board, 
the procedures explained in Sec.  404.977 will be followed.
    34. Amend Sec.  404.989 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  404.989  Good cause for reopening.

    (a) * * *
    (1) New and material evidence is furnished, except that, if the 
decision was made by an administrative law judge or the Review Board 
and involved a claim that you were disabled, we will not consider any 
new evidence;
* * * * *
    35. Amend Sec.  404.992 by revising paragraphs (c) and (d) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  404.992  Notice of revised determination or decision.

* * * * *
    (c) If an administrative law judge or the Review Board proposes to 
revise a decision, and the revision would be based on evidence not 
included in the record on which the prior decision was based, you and 
any other parties to the decision will be notified, in writing, of the 
proposed action and of your right to request that a hearing be held 
before any further action is taken. If a revised decision is issued by 
an administrative law judge, you and any other party may appeal the 
revised decision to the Review Board or the Review Board may review the 
decision on its own initiative.
    (d) If an administrative law judge or the Review Board proposes to 
revise a decision, and the revision would be based only on evidence 
included in the record on which the prior decision was based, you and 
any other parties to the decision will be notified, in writing, of the 
proposed action. If a revised decision is issued by an administrative 
law judge, you and any other party may appeal the revised decision to 
the Review Board or the Review Board may review the decision on its own 
initiative.
    36. Revise Sec.  404.993 to read as follows:


Sec.  404.993  Effect of revised determination or decision.

    A revised determination or decision is binding unless--
    (a) You or another party to the revised determination files a 
written request for

[[Page 61237]]

reconsideration or a hearing before an administrative law judge, as 
appropriate;
    (b) You or another party to the revised decision files, as 
appropriate, a request for a hearing before an administrative law judge 
or a notice of appeal to the Review Board;
    (c) The Review Board reviews the revised decision on its own 
motion; or
    (d) The revised determination or decision is further revised.


Sec.  404.999c  [Amended]

    37. Amend Sec.  404.999c(d)(3)(i)(C) by removing the words ``Office 
of Hearings and Appeals'' and adding, in their place, the words 
``Office of Disability Adjudication and Review''.

PART 405--ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL 
DISABILITY CLAIMS

    38. The authority citation for part 405 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: Secs. 201(j), 205(a)-(b), (d)-(h), and (s), 221, 
223(a)-(b), 702(a)(5), 1601, 1602, 1631, and 1633 of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401(j), 405(a)-(b), (d)-(h), and (s), 421, 
423(a)-(b), 902(a)(5), 1381, 1381a, 1383, and 1383b).

Subpart A--[Removed and Reserved]

Subparts D through H--[Removed and Reserved]

    39. Amend part 405 by removing and reserving subparts A, D, E, F, 
G, and H.
    39a. Section 405.230 is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  405.230  Effect of the Federal reviewing official's decision.

    The Federal reviewing official's decision is binding unless--
    (a) You request a hearing before an administrative law judge under 
Sec.  404.933 or Sec.  416.1433 of this chapter within 60 days of the 
date you receive notice of the Federal reviewing official's decision 
and a decision is made by the administrative law judge,
    (b) The expedited appeals process is used, or
    (c) We revise the Federal reviewing official's decision under 
Sec. Sec.  404.987 through 404.996 or Sec. Sec.  416.1487 through 
416.1494 of this chapter.

PART 416--SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND 
DISABLED

Subpart N--[Amended]

    40. The authority citation for subpart N of part 416 continues to 
read as follows:

    Authority: Secs. 702(a)(5), 1631, and 1633 of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 902(a)(5), 1383, and 1383b); sec. 202, Pub. 
L. 108-203, 118 Stat. 509 (42 U.S.C. 902 note).

    41. Amend Sec.  416.1400 by revising paragraphs (a)(4) and (b) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  416.1400  Introduction.

    (a) * * *
    (4) Appeal to the Review Board. If you are dissatisfied with the 
decision of the administrative law judge, you may appeal that decision 
to the Review Board.
* * * * *
    (b) Nature of the administrative review process. In making a 
determination or decision in your case, we conduct the administrative 
review process in an informal, nonadversarial manner. Subject to the 
limitations in Sec. Sec.  416.1435 and 416.1473 on submitting evidence 
at the administrative law judge and Review Board levels, you may 
present any information you feel may be helpful to your case. You may 
present the information yourself or have someone represent you, 
including an attorney. At each step of the review process, we will 
consider all relevant evidence that has been made part of the record. 
If you are dissatisfied with our decision in the review process, but do 
not take the next step within the stated time period, you will lose 
your right to further administrative review and your right to judicial 
review unless you can show us that there was good cause for your 
failure to pursue the next step of our review process in a timely 
manner.


Sec.  416.1401  [Amended]

    42. Amend Sec.  416.1401 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and adding, in their place, the words ``Review Board''.
    43. Amend Sec.  416.1411 by revising paragraph (b)(5) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  416.1411  Good cause for missing the deadline to request review.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) You asked us for additional information explaining our action 
within the time limit, and within 60 days of receiving the explanation 
you requested reconsideration or a hearing, or within 30 days of 
receiving the explanation you filed a notice of appeal to the Review 
Board or filed a civil suit.
* * * * *
    44. Amend Sec.  416.1424 by revising paragraph (a) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  416.1424  When the expedited appeals process may be used.

* * * * *
    (a) We have made an initial and a reconsidered determination; an 
administrative law judge has made a hearing decision; or a decision has 
been appealed to the Review Board, but a final decision has not been 
issued.
* * * * *
    45. Amend Sec.  416.1425 by revising paragraph (a)(4) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  416.1425  How to request expedited appeals process.

    (a) * * *
    (4) At any time after you have filed a timely notice of appeal to 
the Review Board, but before the Review Board has issued a decision.
* * * * *


Sec.  416.1428  [Amended]

    46. Amend Sec.  416.1428 by removing the words ``Appeals Council 
review'' and adding, in their place, the words ``a notice of appeal to 
the Review Board''.
    47. Revise Sec.  416.1429 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1429  Hearing before an administrative law judge--general.

    (a) If you are dissatisfied with one of the determinations or 
decisions listed in Sec.  416.1430 you may request a hearing. We will 
appoint an administrative law judge to conduct the hearing proceedings. 
If circumstances warrant after making the appointment (for example, if 
the administrative law judge becomes unavailable), we may assign your 
case to another administrative law judge.
    (b) You may examine the evidence used in making the reconsidered 
determination, submit evidence, appear at the hearing, and present and 
question witnesses. The administrative law judge may ask you questions 
and will issue a decision based on the hearing record. If you waive 
your right to appear at the hearing, the administrative law judge will 
make a decision based on the evidence that is in the file, on any new 
evidence that is timely submitted, and on any evidence that the 
administrative law judge obtains.
    48. Revise Sec.  416.1433 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1433  How to request a hearing before an administrative law 
judge.

    (a) Written request. You must request a hearing by filing a written 
request. You should include in your request--
    (1) Your name and social security number,
    (2) The specific reasons you disagree with the reconsidered 
determination,
    (3) If disability is an issue in your case, a statement of the 
medically determinable impairment(s) that you believe prevents you from 
working,

[[Page 61238]]

    (4) Additional evidence that you have available to you, and
    (5) The name and address of your representative, if any.
    (b) Time limit for filing request. An administrative law judge will 
hear your case if you request a hearing in writing no later than 60 
days after the date you receive notice of the reconsidered 
determination (or within the extended time period if we extend the time 
as provided in paragraph (d) of this section). The administrative law 
judge may decide your case without an oral hearing under the 
circumstances described in Sec.  416.1448.
    (c) Place for filing request. You should submit a written request 
for a hearing at one of our offices.
    (d) Extension of time to request a hearing. You may ask us for more 
time to request a hearing. Your request for an extension of time must 
be in writing and must give the reasons the hearing request was not 
filed, or cannot be filed, in time. If you show us that you have good 
cause for missing the deadline, we will extend the time period. To 
determine whether good cause exists, we use the standards explained in 
Sec.  416.1411 of this part.
    (e) Waiver of the right to appear. After you submit your request 
for a hearing, you may ask the administrative law judge to decide your 
case without a hearing, as described in Sec.  416.1448(b). The 
administrative law judge may grant the request unless he or she 
believes that a hearing is necessary. You may withdraw this waiver of 
your right to appear at a hearing any time before notice of the hearing 
decision is mailed to you, and we will schedule a hearing as soon as 
practicable.
    49. Revise Sec.  416.1435 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1435  Submitting evidence to an administrative law judge.

    (a) General. You should submit with your request for hearing any 
evidence that you have available to you. All documents prepared and 
submitted by you (i.e., not including medical or other evidence that is 
prepared by someone other than you or your representative) should 
clearly designate your name and the last four digits of your social 
security number. All such documents must be clear and legible to the 
fullest extent practicable and delivered or mailed to the 
administrative law judge within the time frames in paragraph (b) of 
this section, unless the administrative law judge allows additional 
time for submitting evidence.
    (b) Time for submitting evidence. Any documents that you wish to 
have considered at the hearing must be submitted no later than 5 
business days before the date of the scheduled hearing. If you do not 
comply with this requirement, the administrative law judge may decline 
to consider the evidence unless the circumstances described in 
paragraph (c) of this section apply.
    (c) Late submission of evidence. (1) If you miss the deadline 
described in paragraph (b) of this section and you wish to submit 
evidence during the 5 business days before the hearing or at the 
hearing, the administrative law judge will accept the evidence if you 
show that:
    (i) Our action misled you;
    (ii) You had a physical, mental, educational, or linguistic 
limitation(s) that prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier; 
or
    (iii) Some other unusual, unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance 
beyond your control prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier.
    (2) If you miss the deadline described in paragraph (b) of this 
section and you wish to submit evidence after the hearing and before 
the hearing decision is issued, the administrative law judge will 
accept the evidence if you show that there is a reasonable possibility 
that the evidence, alone or when considered with the other evidence of 
record, would affect the outcome of your case, and:
    (i) Our action misled you;
    (ii) You had a physical, mental, educational, or linguistic 
limitation(s) that prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier; 
or
    (iii) Some other unusual, unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance 
beyond your control prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier.
    (d) Subpoenas. (1) When it is reasonably necessary for the full 
presentation of a case, an administrative law judge may, on his or her 
own initiative or at your request, issue subpoenas for the appearance 
and testimony of witnesses and for the production of any documents that 
are relevant to an issue at the hearing.
    (2) To have documents or witnesses subpoenaed, you must file a 
written request for a subpoena with the administrative law judge at 
least 20 days before the hearing date. The written request must:
    (i) Give the names of the witnesses or describe the documents to be 
produced;
    (ii) Describe the address or location of the witnesses or documents 
with sufficient detail to find them;
    (iii) State the important facts that the witness or document is 
expected to show; and
    (iv) Indicate why these facts could not be shown without that 
witness or document.
    (3) We will pay the cost of issuing the subpoena and pay subpoenaed 
witnesses the same fees and mileage they would receive if they had been 
subpoenaed by a Federal district court.
    (4) Within 5 days of receipt of a subpoena, but no later than the 
date of the hearing, the person against whom the subpoena is directed 
may ask the administrative law judge to withdraw or limit the scope of 
the subpoena and must set forth the reasons why the subpoena should be 
withdrawn or why it should be limited in scope.
    (5) Upon failure of any person to comply with a subpoena, the 
Office of the General Counsel may seek enforcement of the subpoena 
under section 205(e) of the Act.
    50. Revise Sec.  416.1436 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1436  Time and place for a hearing before an administrative 
law judge.

    (a) General. The administrative law judge sets the time and place 
for the hearing. The administrative law judge will notify you of the 
time and place of the hearing at least 75 days before the date of the 
hearing, unless you agree to a shorter notice period. If it is 
necessary, the administrative law judge may change the time and place 
of the hearing. If the administrative law judge changes the time and 
place of the hearing, he or she will send you reasonable notice of the 
change.
    (b) Where we hold hearings. We hold hearings in the 50 States, the 
District of Columbia, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
    (c) Determination regarding in-person, telephonic, or video 
teleconference appearance of witnesses at the hearing. (1) In setting 
the time and place of the hearing, the administrative law judge will 
determine whether you will appear at the hearing in person or by video 
teleconference or, under certain extraordinary circumstances, by 
telephone. If you object to appearing personally by video 
teleconference, we will re-schedule the hearing to a time and place at 
which you may appear in person before the administrative law judge. The 
administrative law judge may direct you to appear by telephone when:
    (i) Your appearance in person is not possible, such as if you are 
incarcerated and the facility will not allow a hearing to be held at 
the facility, and
    (ii) Video teleconference is not available.
    (2) In setting the time and place of the hearing, the 
administrative law judge

[[Page 61239]]

will determine whether any other person will appear at the hearing in 
person, by telephone, or by video teleconference. If you object to any 
other person appearing by telephone or video teleconference, the 
administrative law judge will decide whether to have that person appear 
in person, by telephone, or by video teleconference. The administrative 
law judge will direct a person, other than you if you object to your 
appearing by video teleconference, to appear by video teleconference 
when:
    (i) Video teleconference technology is available,
    (ii) Use of video teleconference technology would be more efficient 
than conducting an examination of a witness in person, and
    (iii) The administrative law judge determines that there is no 
other reason why video teleconference should not be used.
    51. Revise Sec.  416.1438 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1438  Notice of a hearing before an administrative law judge.

    (a) Issuing the notice. After the administrative law judge sets the 
time and place of the hearing, we will mail notice of the hearing to 
you at your last known address or give the notice to you by personal 
service. We will mail or serve the notice at least 75 days before the 
date of the hearing, unless you agree to a shorter notice period.
    (b) Notice information. The notice of hearing will tell you:
    (1) The specific issues to be decided,
    (2) That you may designate a person to represent you during the 
proceedings,
    (3) How to request that we change the time or place of your 
hearing,
    (4) That your hearing request may be dismissed if you fail to 
appear at your scheduled hearing without good reason under Sec.  
416.1411,
    (5) Whether your appearance will be in person or by video 
teleconference (or, in exceptional circumstances, by telephone) and 
whether any witness's appearance will be in person, by telephone, or by 
video teleconference, and
    (6) That you must submit all evidence that you wish to have 
considered at the hearing no later than 5 business days before the date 
of the scheduled hearing, unless you show that your circumstances meet 
the conditions described in Sec.  416.1435(c) for missing the deadline.
    (c) Acknowledging the notice of hearing. In the notice of hearing, 
we will ask you to return a form, within 5 days of the date you receive 
the notice, to let us know that you received the notice. If you or your 
representative does not acknowledge receipt of the notice of hearing, 
we will attempt to contact you to see if you received it. If you let us 
know that you did not receive the notice of hearing, we will send you 
an amended notice by certified mail.
    52. Revise Sec.  416.1439 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1439  Objections.

    (a) Time and Place. (1) If you object to the time or place of your 
hearing, you must notify the administrative law judge in writing at the 
earliest possible opportunity before the date set for the hearing, but 
no later than 30 days after receiving notice of the hearing. You must 
state the reason(s) for your objection and propose a time and place you 
want the hearing to be held.
    (2) The administrative law judge will consider your reason(s) for 
requesting the change and the impact of the proposed change on the 
efficient administration of the hearing process. Factors affecting the 
impact of the change include, but are not limited to, the effect on the 
processing of other scheduled hearings, delays which might occur in 
rescheduling your hearing, and whether we previously granted to you any 
changes in the time or place of your hearing.
    (b) Issues. If you believe that the issues contained in the hearing 
notice are incorrect, you should notify the administrative law judge in 
writing at the earliest possible opportunity, but must notify him or 
her no later than 5 business days before the date set for the hearing. 
You must state the reason(s) for your objection. The administrative law 
judge will make a decision on your objection either at the hearing or 
in writing before the hearing.


Sec.  416.1440  [Amended]

    53. Amend Sec.  416.1440 by removing the words ``Associate 
Commissioner for Hearings and Appeals'' and adding, in their place, the 
word ``we'', and by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' and, in 
their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.


Sec.  416.1443  [Removed and Reserved]

    54. Remove and reserve Sec.  416.1443.
    55. Revise Sec.  416.1444 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1444  Administrative law judge hearing procedures--general.

    (a) General. A hearing is open only to you and to other persons the 
administrative law judge considers necessary and proper. The 
administrative law judge will conduct the proceedings in an orderly and 
efficient manner. At the hearing, the administrative law judge will 
look fully into all of the issues raised in your case, will question 
you and the other witnesses, and will accept any evidence relating to 
your case that you submit in accordance with Sec.  416.1435.
    (b) Conducting the hearing. The administrative law judge will 
decide the order in which the evidence will be presented. The 
administrative law judge may stop the hearing temporarily and continue 
it at a later date if he or she decides that there is evidence missing 
from the record that must be obtained before the hearing may continue. 
At any time before the notice of the decision is sent to you, the 
administrative law judge may hold a supplemental hearing in order to 
receive additional evidence, consistent with the procedures described 
in Sec. Sec.  416.1446 through 416.1461.
    56. Revise Sec.  416.1446 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1446  Issues before an administrative law judge.

    (a) General. The issues before the administrative law judge include 
all the issues raised in your case, regardless of whether or not the 
issues may have already been decided in your favor.
    (b) New issues. Any time after receiving the hearing request and 
before mailing notice of the hearing decision, the administrative law 
judge may consider a new issue if he or she, before deciding the issue, 
provides you an opportunity to address it. The administrative law judge 
or any party may raise a new issue. An issue may be raised even though 
it arose after the request for a hearing and even though it has not 
been considered in an initial or reconsidered determination.
    (c) Collateral estoppel--issues previously decided. We already may 
have decided a fact that is an issue before the administrative law 
judge in one of our previous and final determinations or decisions 
involving you, but arising under a different title of the Act or under 
the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act. If this happens, the 
administrative law judge will not consider the issue again, but will 
accept the factual finding made in the previous determination or 
decision, unless he or she has reason to believe that it was wrong, or 
reopens the previous determination or decision under Sec.  416.1487.
    57. Revise Sec.  416.1448 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1448  Deciding a case without a hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    (a) Decision wholly favorable. If the evidence in the record 
supports a decision wholly in your favor, the

[[Page 61240]]

administrative law judge may issue a decision without holding a 
hearing. However, the notice of the decision will inform you that you 
have the right to a hearing and that you have a right to examine the 
evidence on which the decision is based.
    (b) You do not wish to appear. The administrative law judge may 
decide a case on the record and not conduct a hearing if--
    (1) You state in writing that you do not wish to appear at a 
hearing, or
    (2) You live outside the United States and you do not inform us 
that you want to appear.
    (c) When a hearing is not held, the administrative law judge will 
make a record of the evidence, which, except for the transcript of the 
hearing, will contain the material described in Sec.  416.1451. The 
decision of the administrative law judge must be based on this record.


Sec.  416.1449  [Removed and Reserved]

    58. Remove and reserve Sec.  416.1449.
    59. Revise Sec.  416.1450 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1450  Presenting evidence at a hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    (a) The right to appear and present evidence. You have a right to 
appear before the administrative law judge, either in person or, when 
the administrative law judge determines that the conditions in Sec.  
416.1436(c) exist, by telephone or video teleconference, to present 
evidence and to state your position. You also may appear by means of a 
designated representative.
    (b) Admissible evidence. Subject to Sec.  416.1435, the 
administrative law judge may receive any evidence at the hearing that 
he or she believes relates to your case.
    (c) Witnesses at a hearing. Witnesses may appear at a hearing in 
person, by telephone, or by video teleconference. Witnesses who appear 
at a hearing shall testify under oath or by affirmation, unless the 
administrative law judge finds an important reason to excuse them from 
taking an oath or making an affirmation. The administrative law judge, 
you, or your representative may ask the witnesses any questions 
relating to your case.
    (d) Closing statements. You or your representative may present a 
closing statement to the administrative law judge--
    (1) Orally at the end of the hearing,
    (2) In writing after the hearing and within a reasonable time 
period set by the administrative law judge, or
    (3) By using both methods under paragraphs (d)(1) and (2).
    60. Revise Sec.  416.1451 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1451  Official record.

    (a) All hearings will be recorded. All evidence upon which the 
administrative law judge relies for the decision must be contained in 
the record, either directly or through administrative notice, if 
appropriate. The official record will include the applications, written 
statements, certificates, reports, affidavits, medical records, and 
other documents that were used in making the determination under review 
and any additional evidence or written statements that the 
administrative law judge admits into the record under Sec. Sec.  
416.1435 and 416.1444. All admitted evidence must be incorporated into 
the record. The official record of your case will contain all of the 
admitted evidence and a verbatim recording of all testimony offered at 
the hearing. It also will include any prior initial determinations or 
decisions relevant to your case. Subject to Sec.  416.1473, the 
official record closes once the administrative law judge issues his or 
her decision, regardless of whether it becomes our final decision.
    (b) The recording of the hearing will be prepared as a typed copy 
of the proceedings if--
    (1) The case is sent to the Review Board without a decision, or 
with a recommended decision as ordered by the Review Board, by the 
administrative law judge;
    (2) You seek judicial review of your case by filing an action in a 
Federal district court within the stated time period, unless we request 
the court to remand the case; or
    (3) An administrative law judge or the Review Board asks for a 
written record of the proceedings in cases remanded by a Federal 
district court.
    61. Revise Sec.  416.1452 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1452  Consolidated hearing before an administrative law 
judge.

    (a) General. (1) We may hold a consolidated hearing if--
    (i) You have requested a hearing to decide your case, and
    (ii) One or more of the issues to be considered at your hearing is 
the same as an issue involved in another case you have pending before 
us.
    (2) If the administrative law judge consolidates the cases, he or 
she will decide both cases, even if we have not yet made an initial 
determination or a reconsidered determination in the other case.
    (b) Record, evidence, and decision. There will be a single record 
at a consolidated hearing. This means that the evidence introduced at 
the hearing becomes the evidence of record in each case adjudicated. 
The administrative law judge may issue either a consolidated decision 
or separate decisions for each case.
    62. Revise Sec.  416.1453 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1453  Decision by the administrative law judge.

    (a) The administrative law judge will make a decision based on all 
of the evidence, including the testimony at the hearing. The 
administrative law judge will prepare a written decision that explains 
in clear and understandable language the reasons for the decision.
    (b) During the hearing, in certain categories of cases that we 
identify in advance, the administrative law judge may orally explain in 
clear and understandable language the reasons for, and enter into the 
record, a wholly favorable decision. The administrative law judge will 
include in the record a document that sets forth the key data, findings 
of fact, and narrative rationale for the decision. Within 5 days after 
the hearing, if there are no subsequent changes to the analysis in the 
oral decision, we will send you a written decision that incorporates 
such oral decision by reference and that explains why the 
administrative law judge agrees or disagrees with the substantive 
findings and overall rationale of the reconsidered determination. If 
there is a change in the administrative law judge's analysis or 
decision, we will send you a written decision that is consistent with 
paragraph (a) of this section. Upon written request, we will provide 
you a record of the oral decision.
    63. Revise Sec.  416.1455 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1455  The effect of the administrative law judge's decision.

    The decision of the administrative law judge is binding on all 
parties to the hearing unless--
    (a) You or another party to the hearing appeals the decision to the 
Review Board;
    (b) The Review Board decides to review the decision on its own 
motion, as provided in Sec.  416.1470; or
    (c) The decision is a recommended decision to the Review Board as 
ordered by the Review Board; or
    (d) The decision is revised by an administrative law judge or the 
Review Board under the procedures explained in Sec.  416.1487.


Sec.  416.1456  [Amended]

    64. Amend Sec.  416.1456 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and, in

[[Page 61241]]

their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.
    65. Revise Sec.  416.1457 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1457  Dismissal of a request for a hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    An administrative law judge may dismiss a request for a hearing:
    (a) At any time before notice of the hearing decision is mailed, 
when you withdraw the request orally on the record at the hearing or in 
writing;
    (b)(1) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the hearing or at the prehearing conference, 
we notified you previously that your request for hearing may be 
dismissed if you did not appear, and you do not give a good reason for 
failing to appear; or
    (2) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the hearing or at the prehearing conference, 
we had not notified you previously that your request for hearing may be 
dismissed if you did not appear, and within 10 days after we send you a 
notice asking why you did not appear, you do not give a good reason for 
failing to appear.
    (3) In determining whether you had a good reason under this 
paragraph, we will consider the factors described in Sec.  416.1411 of 
this part.
    (4) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the prehearing conference but the provisions 
of Sec.  416.1448(b) apply, the administrative law judge will issue a 
decision without holding a hearing.
    (c) If the doctrine of res judicata applies because we have made a 
previous determination or decision in your case on the same facts and 
on the same issue or issues, and this previous determination or 
decision has become final;
    (d) If you have no right to a hearing under Sec.  416.1430;
    (e) If you did not request a hearing in time and we have not 
extended the time for requesting a hearing; or
    (f) If you die, there are no other parties, and we have no 
information to show that you may have a survivor who may be paid 
benefits due to you under Sec.  416.542(b) and who wishes to pursue the 
request for hearing, or that you authorized interim assistance 
reimbursement to a State pursuant to section 1631(g) of the Act. The 
administrative law judge, however, will vacate a dismissal of the 
hearing request if, within 60 days after the date of the dismissal:
    (1) A person claiming to be your survivor, who may be paid benefits 
due to you under Sec.  416.542(b), submits a written request for a 
hearing, and shows that a decision on the issues that were to be 
considered at the hearing may adversely affect him or her; or
    (2) We receive information showing that you authorized interim 
assistance reimbursement to a State pursuant to section 1631(g) of the 
Act.
    66. Revise the second sentence of Sec.  416.1458 to read as 
follows:


Sec.  416.1458  Notice of dismissal of a request for hearing before an 
administrative law judge.

    * * * The notice will state that you have the right to appeal the 
dismissal to the Review Board.


Sec.  416.1459  [Amended]

    67. Amend Sec.  416.1459 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and, in their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.


Sec.  416.1460  [Amended]

    68. Amend Sec.  416.1460 by removing the words ``Appeals Council'' 
and, in their place, adding the words ``Review Board''.
    69. Revise Sec.  416.1461 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1461  Prehearing and posthearing proceedings.

    (a) Prehearing conferences. (1) The administrative law judge, on 
his or her own initiative or at your request, may decide to conduct a 
prehearing conference if he or she finds that such a conference would 
facilitate the hearing or the decision in your case. A prehearing 
conference normally will be held by telephone, unless the 
administrative law judge decides that conducting it in another manner 
would be more efficient and effective in addressing the issues raised 
at the conference. We will give you reasonable notice of the time, 
place, and manner of the conference.
    (2) At the conference, the administrative law judge may consider 
matters such as simplifying or amending the issues, obtaining and 
submitting evidence, and any other matters that may expedite the 
hearing.
    (3) The administrative law judge will summarize in writing, or on 
the record at the hearing, the actions taken or to be taken as a result 
of the conference.
    (4) Subject to Sec.  416.1457(b)(4), if neither you nor the person 
you designate to act as your representative appears at the prehearing 
conference, and under Sec.  416.1457(b) you do not have a good reason 
for failing to appear, we may dismiss the hearing request.
    (b) Prehearing statements. (1) At any time before the hearing 
begins, you may submit, or the administrative law judge may request 
that you submit, a prehearing statement describing why you disagree 
with the reconsidered determination.
    (2) Unless otherwise requested by the administrative law judge, a 
prehearing statement should discuss briefly the following matters:
    (i) Issues involved in the proceeding,
    (ii) Facts,
    (iii) Witnesses,
    (iv) The evidentiary and legal basis upon which you believe the 
administrative law judge should decide the case in your favor, and
    (v) Any other comments, suggestions, or information that might 
assist the administrative law judge in preparing for the hearing.
    (c) Posthearing conferences. (1) The administrative law judge may 
decide, on his or her own initiative or at your request, to hold a 
posthearing conference to facilitate the hearing decision. A 
posthearing conference normally will be held by telephone unless the 
administrative law judge decides that conducting it in another manner 
would be more efficient and effective in addressing the issues raised. 
We will give you reasonable notice of the time, place, and manner of 
the conference. The administrative law judge will place in the record a 
written summary describing the actions taken or to be taken as a result 
of the conference.
    (2) If neither you nor the person you designate to act as your 
representative appears at the posthearing conference, and under Sec.  
416.1457(b) you do not have a good reason for failing to appear, we 
will issue a decision based on the information available in your case.
    70. Remove the undesignated center heading ``APPEALS COUNCIL 
REVIEW'' preceding Sec.  416.1466.


Sec. Sec.  416.1466 through 416.1484  [Removed]

    71. Remove existing Sec. Sec.  416.1466 through 416.1484 and the 
undesignated center heading preceding Sec.  416.1483.
    72. Add a new undesignated center heading and Sec. Sec.  416.1467 
through 416.1477 and Sec. Sec.  416.1482 through 416.1483 to read as 
follows:

Appeals to the Review Board


Sec.  416.1467  The Review Board.

    (a) The Review Board is composed of administrative appeals judges 
whom we appoint. It is responsible for reviewing decisions made by 
administrative law judges in cases where you or another party to the 
proceedings has filed a notice of appeal of the administrative law 
judge's decision. A party also may appeal an administrative law judge's 
dismissal of a request for hearing to the Review Board.

[[Page 61242]]

    (b) The Review Board may choose to review a decision by an 
administrative law judge even if no party has filed an appeal of that 
decision. The circumstances in which the Review Board may initiate such 
a review, and the procedures it will follow, are described in Sec.  
416.1470.
    (c) The Review Board also may identify issues that impede 
consistent adjudication at any or all levels of the administrative 
review process and may recommend appropriate changes in policies and 
procedures to address those impediments. This advisory function will be 
performed separately from the Review Board's adjudicative function.


Sec.  416.1468  Appeal to the Review Board--general.

    (a) If you or any other party is dissatisfied with a hearing 
decision that is unfavorable, in whole or in part, or with the 
dismissal of a hearing request, you may appeal that action to the 
Review Board. The Review Board will consider your appeal and either:
    (1) Affirm, reverse, or modify the decision of the administrative 
law judge;
    (2) Remand the case to an administrative law judge for further 
proceedings; or
    (3) Dismiss your appeal pursuant to Sec.  416.1476.
    (b) The Review Board will notify the parties at their last known 
addresses of the action it has taken.


Sec.  416.1469  How to appeal to the Review Board.

    (a) Right to appeal to the Review Board. If you are a party to the 
administrative proceedings in a case and an administrative law judge 
has issued a hearing decision or dismissal that is unfavorable to you, 
in whole or in part, you have the right to appeal that action by the 
administrative law judge to the Review Board.
    (b) Time limit on appeals to the Review Board. (1) To begin your 
appeal, you must file a notice of appeal within 60 days after the date 
you receive notice of the administrative law judge hearing decision or 
dismissal, unless we have extended the time period as provided in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
    (2) You or any party to a hearing decision may ask that the time 
for filing a notice of appeal to the Review Board be extended. The 
request for additional time must be in writing, must be filed with the 
Review Board, and must give the reasons why the notice of appeal was 
not filed, or cannot be filed, within the 60-day period provided by 
paragraph (b)(1). If you show that you have good cause for missing the 
60-day deadline, we will grant you additional time to file the notice 
of appeal. We use the standards in Sec.  416.1411 to determine whether 
you had good cause.
    (c) Contents of the appeal. Your notice of appeal must be in 
writing and must clearly indicate that you are appealing a specific 
unfavorable administrative law judge hearing decision or dismissal. Any 
documents or other evidence you wish to have considered by the Review 
Board should be submitted with your notice of appeal. You also should 
include with your notice of appeal a written statement that identifies 
any errors you believe the administrative law judge made, explains why 
those alleged errors require reversal or modification of the 
administrative law judge's hearing decision or dismissal under the 
standards of review described in Sec.  416.1471, and cites applicable 
law and specific facts in the administrative record to support your 
contentions.
    (d) Where to file your notice of appeal. You may file your notice 
of appeal at one of our offices.


Sec.  416.1470  Review Board initiates review.

    (a) General. Anytime within 60 days after the date of a decision or 
dismissal that is subject to review under this section, the Review 
Board may decide on its own motion to review the action that was taken 
in your case. We may refer your case to the Review Board and ask that 
it review your case under this authority.
    (b) Identification of cases. We will identify a case for referral 
to the Review Board for possible review under this section before we 
effectuate the decision in the case. We will identify cases for 
referral to the Review Board through random and selective sampling 
techniques, which we may use in association with examination of the 
cases identified by sampling. We also will identify cases for referral 
to the Review Board through the evaluation of cases we conduct in order 
to effectuate decisions.
    (1) Random and selective sampling and case examinations. We may use 
random and selective sampling to identify cases involving any type of 
action (e.g., wholly or partially favorable decisions, unfavorable 
decisions, or dismissals) and any type of benefits (e.g., benefits 
based on disability, retirement, etc.). We will use selective sampling 
to identify cases that exhibit problematic issues or fact patterns that 
increase the likelihood of error. Neither our random sampling 
procedures nor our selective sampling procedures will identify cases 
based on the identity of the decisionmaker. We may examine cases that 
have been identified through random or selective sampling to refine the 
identification of cases that may meet the criteria for review by the 
Review Board.
    (2) Identification as a result of the effectuation process. We may 
refer a case requiring effectuation to the Review Board if, in the view 
of the effectuating component, the decision should not be effectuated 
because it contains an error that affects the outcome of the case, 
because the decision is clearly inconsistent with the Social Security 
Act, the regulations, a published Social Security Ruling, or other 
statement of policy, or because the decision is unclear regarding a 
matter that affects the outcome of the case.
    (c) Referral of cases. Any referral we make as a result of a case 
examination or the effectuation process will be in writing. This 
written referral will state the referring component's reasons for 
believing that the Review Board should review the case on its own 
motion. Referrals that result from selective sampling without a case 
examination may be accompanied by a written statement identifying the 
issue(s) or fact pattern that caused the referral. Referrals that 
result from random sampling without a case examination will only 
identify the case as a random sample case.
    (d) Review Board's action. If the Review Board decides to review a 
decision or dismissal on its own motion, it will mail a notice to all 
parties at their last known addresses stating that it has decided to 
review the case and stating the reasons for the review and the issues 
to be considered. The Review Board will include with that notice a copy 
of any written referral it received under paragraph (c) of this 
section. If the 60-day period within which the Review Board may 
initiate review on its own motion (see paragraph (a) of this section) 
ends before the Review Board is able to decide whether to review the 
decision or dismissal, the Review Board still may consider whether the 
decision or dismissal should be reopened pursuant to Sec. Sec.  
416.1487 and 416.1488.
    (e) Interim benefits. If the Review Board decides to review a 
decision on its own motion, or to reopen a decision as provided in 
Sec. Sec.  416.1487 and 416.1488, the notice of review or the notice of 
reopening issued by the Review Board will advise, where appropriate, 
that interim benefits will be payable if a final decision has not been 
issued within 110 days after the date of the decision that is reviewed 
or reopened, and that any interim benefits paid will not be considered

[[Page 61243]]

overpayments unless the benefits are fraudulently obtained.


Sec.  416.1471  Standard of review.

    (a) Review of hearing decisions. If you appeal a decision of an 
administrative law judge to the Review Board, or if the Review Board 
initiates a review under Sec.  416.1470, the Review Board will review 
the factual findings of the administrative law judge using the 
substantial evidence test. Substantial evidence means such relevant 
evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a 
conclusion. The Review Board will consider any questions of law on 
their merits, without deference to the legal conclusions reached by the 
administrative law judge.
    (b) Review of dismissals. If you appeal an administrative law 
judge's dismissal of your request for a hearing, the Review Board will 
review the action of the administrative law judge for any abuse of 
discretion.
    (c) Harmless error. No error in either the admission or exclusion 
of evidence, and no error, defect, or omission in any ruling or 
decision of the administrative law judge, shall require the Review 
Board to vacate, modify, or reverse an otherwise appropriate ruling or 
decision of the administrative law judge unless, in the opinion of the 
Review Board, there is a reasonable probability that the error, alone 
or when considered with other aspects of the case, changed the outcome 
of the decision.


Sec.  416.1472  Scope of review--period of time adjudicated.

    The administrative law judge's hearing decision in your case 
adjudicated the issues relevant to your case for the period of time up 
to and including the date the hearing decision was issued. If you or 
another party files an appeal of that hearing decision, or if the 
Review Board decides to review the decision on its own motion, the 
appeal and any subsequent proceedings will consider only that period of 
time ending with the date of the first hearing decision in your case. 
If the original hearing decision in your case is set aside, in whole or 
in part, by the Review Board or a Federal court and remanded to an 
administrative law judge for a new hearing or decision, the proceedings 
on remand will consider your case only with regard to the period ending 
on the date of the original administrative law judge decision in your 
case.


Sec.  416.1473  Scope of review--evidentiary record before the Review 
Board.

    (a) Subject to paragraphs (b) and (d) of this section, the 
evidentiary record for your case is closed as of the date of the first 
administrative law judge's decision in your case. The Review Board will 
base its action on the same evidence that was before the administrative 
law judge and will consider only that evidence that was in the record 
before the administrative law judge.
    (b) If you have submitted additional evidence with your appeal, and 
that additional evidence relates to the period on or before the date of 
the first administrative law judge hearing decision in your case, the 
Review Board will accept that evidence if you show that there is a 
reasonable probability that the evidence, alone or when considered with 
the other evidence of record, would change the outcome of the decision 
and:
    (1) Our action misled you;
    (2) You had a physical, mental, educational, or linguistic 
limitation(s) that prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier; 
or
    (3) Some other unusual, unexpected, or unavoidable circumstance 
beyond your control prevented you from submitting the evidence earlier.
    (4) You must submit with your additional evidence a written 
statement that explains why you believe you meet one or more of the 
criteria in paragraphs (b)(1), (2), and (3) of this section.
    (c) If you have submitted additional evidence with your appeal and 
the Review Board determines that the evidence does not relate to the 
period on or before the date of the administrative law judge's hearing 
decision, or otherwise does not satisfy the criteria in paragraph (b) 
of this section, the Review Board will return the additional evidence 
to you with an explanation as to why it did not accept the additional 
evidence. The notice returning the evidence to you will advise you that 
you have a right to file a new application and that, if you file a new 
application within 60 days after the date of the notice, we will 
consider your appeal as a written statement indicating an intent to 
claim benefits in accordance with Sec.  416.340 and use the date of 
your appeal as the filing date for your new application.
    (d) If the Review Board obtains additional evidence pursuant to 
Sec.  416.1474(d) of this part, or remands your case to an 
administrative law judge with instructions to obtain additional 
evidence on one or more issues, any evidence so obtained will become 
part of the evidentiary record in your case.


Sec.  416.1474  Procedures before Review Board.

    (a) Obtaining copies of evidence. You may request and receive 
copies or a statement of the documents or other written evidence upon 
which the hearing decision or dismissal was based and, if a hearing was 
held before an administrative law judge, a copy of the recording of 
that hearing. However, you will be asked to pay the costs of providing 
these copies unless there is a good reason why you should not pay.
    (b) Filing briefs or written statements with the Review Board. You 
may file a brief or other written statement about the facts and law 
relevant to the case. Any such brief or written statement should be 
filed with your notice of appeal, as provided in Sec.  404.969(c), or 
within 10 days thereafter. If there are other parties in your case and 
you choose to file a brief or written statement, you should send a copy 
to each party.
    (c) Limitation of issues. The Review Board may limit the issues it 
considers in your appeal. If the Review Board chooses to limit the 
issues it will consider, it will notify you and any other party of the 
specific issues it will consider.
    (d) Additional evidence. If the Review Board believes additional 
evidence is needed, it may remand the case to an administrative law 
judge to receive evidence and issue a new decision. However, if the 
Review Board decides it can obtain the evidence itself more quickly, it 
may do so, unless to do so would adversely affect your rights.
    (e) Oral argument. You may ask to appear before the Review Board to 
present oral argument. The Review Board may grant your request if it 
decides that your case raises an important question of law or policy or 
that oral argument would help the Review Board reach a proper decision. 
If your request for oral argument is granted, the Review Board will 
notify you of the time and place for the oral argument at least 10 days 
before the scheduled date.


Sec.  416.1475  Actions that the Review Board may take.

    (a) If you appeal your case to the Review Board, or if the Review 
Board has decided to review your case on its own motion pursuant to 
Sec.  416.1470, the Review Board may take one of the following actions:
    (1) The Review Board may dismiss the appeal pursuant to Sec.  
416.1476;
    (2) If the Review Board decides that the administrative law judge's 
decision is supported by substantial evidence and contains no 
significant error of law,

[[Page 61244]]

it may summarily affirm the decision of the administrative law judge;
    (3) If the Review Board determines that there were significant 
errors of law or fact in the decision of the administrative law judge, 
or if the Review Board believes there are aspects of the case that 
warrant further clarification, it may issue its own decision which 
affirms, reverses, or modifies the decision of the administrative law 
judge;
    (4) If the Review Board determines that there were significant 
errors of law or fact in the decision of the administrative law judge, 
or if the Review Board believes there are aspects of the case that 
warrant further clarification, it may remand the case to an 
administrative law judge for further proceedings and a new decision, or 
recommended decision, that is consistent with the instructions and 
limitations set forth by the Review Board in its order of remand; or
    (5) If the Review Board concludes that further development of the 
evidence is necessary before a decision can be reached, it may issue an 
order remanding your case to an administrative law judge for further 
proceedings consistent with the Review Board's order.
    (b) We will send notice of the Review Board's action to you at your 
last known address. The notice will explain in clear and simple 
language what action the Review Board has taken and the reasons for 
that action. If the Review Board issues a new decision pursuant to 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that decision will accompany the 
notice and will contain in understandable language a statement of the 
case setting forth the evidence on which the decision was based, the 
Review Board's analysis of the evidence and the issues, and the reasons 
for the Review Board's conclusions. If the Review Board summarily 
affirms the decision of the administrative law judge, or issues a new 
decision that decides your case, the notice also will advise you that 
the Review Board's action is our final decision and will explain how to 
seek judicial review of our decision. If the Review Board dismisses 
your appeal, the notice will advise you that the dismissal is our final 
decision and is not subject to further review. If the Review Board 
issues an order remanding your case for further proceedings, the notice 
will explain that the remand order is not our final decision.


Sec.  416.1476  Dismissal by Review Board.

    (a) The Review Board may dismiss any proceedings pending before it 
if--
    (1) You did not file your appeal within the prescribed period of 
time and the time for filing has not been extended;
    (2) The party who filed the appeal had no right to do so under 
Sec.  416.1468;
    (3) The record shows that the administrative law judge who issued 
the hearing decision should have dismissed your request for hearing 
under Sec.  416.1457;
    (4) You and all other parties to the proceedings file a written 
request for dismissal; or
    (5) You die, there are no other parties who would be adversely 
affected by the dismissal, and we have no information to show that you 
may have a survivor who may be paid benefits due you under Sec.  
416.542(b) of this part and who wishes to pursue the appeal, or that 
you authorized interim assistance to a State pursuant to section 
1631(g) of the Act. However, dismissal of the appeal for this reason 
will be vacated if, within 60 days after the date of the dismissal, a 
person claiming to be your survivor who may be paid benefits under 
Sec.  416.542(b) submits a written appeal and shows that he or she may 
be adversely affected by the determination that was under appeal. We 
will also vacate the dismissal if, within 60 days after the date of the 
dismissal, we receive information that shows you had authorized interim 
assistance reimbursement to a State.
    (b) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, the 
Review Board's dismissal of an appeal pursuant to this section is 
binding and is not subject to further review.


Sec.  416.1477  Case remanded by the Review Board.

    (a) When the Review Board may remand a case. The Review Board may 
remand a case to an administrative law judge to issue a new decision or 
recommended decision, and may instruct the administrative law judge to 
hold another hearing. The Review Board may also remand a case to have 
the administrative law judge obtain additional evidence or for other 
action.
    (b) Action by administrative law judge on remand. The 
administrative law judge shall take any action that is ordered by the 
Review Board and may take any additional action that is not 
inconsistent with the Review Board's order of remand. However, the 
administrative law judge may consider your case only with regard to the 
period of time on or before the date of the first administrative law 
judge decision in your case.
    (c) Notice when case is returned with a recommended decision. When 
the administrative law judge sends a case to the Review Board with a 
recommended decision, as ordered by the Review Board, a notice is 
mailed to the parties at their last known addresses. The notice tells 
them that the case has been sent to the Review Board with a recommended 
decision, includes a copy of the recommended decision, and explains the 
rules for filing briefs or other written statements with the Review 
Board.
    (d) Filing briefs or written statements with the Review Board. When 
the administrative law judge sends a case to the Review Board with a 
recommended decision, as ordered by the Review Board, you will be given 
20 days from the date that the recommended decision is mailed to you in 
which to file with the Review Board any briefs or other written 
statements about the facts and law relevant to your case. Any party may 
ask the Review Board for additional time to file briefs or other 
written statements. The Review Board will extend this period, as 
appropriate, if you show you had good cause for missing the deadline.
    (e) Action by Review Board on recommended decision. After receiving 
a recommended decision from the administrative law judge, as ordered by 
the Review Board, the Review Board will conduct its proceedings and 
take action according to the procedures explained in this subpart.


Sec.  416.1482  Review of final decisions in Federal district court.

    (a) If the Review Board issues a final decision in your case 
pursuant to Sec.  416.1475(a)(2) or Sec.  416.1475(a)(3) of this part, 
that decision will be binding unless you or another party files a civil 
action in Federal district court seeking a review of that final 
decision. You have until 60 days after the date you receive the notice 
of the Review Board's decision to file your civil action with the 
court. We will presume you received the notice within 5 days of the 
date shown on the notice, unless you show us that you did not receive 
it within that 5-day period.
    (b) Any party to the Review Board's final decision, or to an 
expedited appeals process agreement, may request that the time for 
filing an action in a Federal district court be extended. The request 
must be in writing and must include the reasons why the action was not 
filed, or cannot be filed, within the stated time period. The request 
must be filed with the Review Board, or if it concerns an expedited 
appeals process agreement, with one of our offices. If you show that 
you had good cause for missing the deadline, the time period

[[Page 61245]]

will be extended. We use the standards in Sec.  416.1411 to determine 
whether good cause exists.


Sec.  416.1483  Case remanded by a Federal court.

    When a Federal court remands a case to us for further 
consideration, the Review Board may make a decision, or it may remand 
the case to an administrative law judge with instructions to take 
action and issue a decision or return the case to the Review Board with 
a recommended decision. If the case is remanded by the Review Board, 
the procedures explained in Sec.  416.1477 will be followed.
    73. Amend Sec.  416.1489 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  416.1489  Good cause for reopening.

    (a) * * *
    (1) New and material evidence is furnished, except that, if the 
decision was made by an administrative law judge or the Review Board 
and involved a claim that you were disabled, we will not consider any 
new evidence;
* * * * *
    74. Amend Sec.  416.1492 by revising paragraphs (e) and (f) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  416.1492  Notice of revised determination or decision.

* * * * *
    (e) If an administrative law judge or the Review Board proposes to 
revise a decision, and the revision would be based on evidence not 
included in the record on which the prior decision was based, you and 
any other parties to the decision will be notified, in writing, of the 
proposed action and of your right to request that a hearing be held 
before any further action is taken. If a revised decision is issued by 
an administrative law judge, you and any other party may appeal the 
revised decision to the Review Board or the Review Board may review the 
decision on its own initiative.
    (f) If an administrative law judge or the Review Board proposes to 
revise a decision, and the revision would be based only on evidence 
included in the record on which the prior decision was based, you and 
any other parties to the decision will be notified, in writing, of the 
proposed action. If a revised decision is issued by an administrative 
law judge, you and any other party may appeal the revised decision to 
the Review Board or the Review Board may review the decision on its own 
initiative.
* * * * *
    75. Revise Sec.  416.1493 to read as follows:


Sec.  416.1493  Effect of revised determination or decision.

    A revised determination or decision is binding unless--
    (a) You or another party to the revised determination files a 
written request for reconsideration or a hearing before an 
administrative law judge, as appropriate;
    (b) You or another party to the revised decision files, as 
appropriate, a request for a hearing before an administrative law judge 
or a notice of appeal to the Review Board;
    (c) The Review Board reviews the revised decision on its own 
motion; or
    (d) The revised determination or decision is further revised.


Sec.  416.1498  [Amended]

    76. Amend Sec.  416.1498(d)(3)(i)(C) by removing the words ``Office 
of Hearings and Appeals'' and adding, in their place, the words 
``Office of Disability Adjudication and Review''.

 [FR Doc. E7-20690 Filed 10-26-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4191-02-P