[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 191 (Wednesday, October 3, 2007)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 56287-56308]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 07-4886]


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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

10 CFR Part 52

RIN 3150-AI19


Consideration of Aircraft Impacts for New Nuclear Power Reactor 
Designs

AGENCY: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC or the Commission) 
is proposing to amend its regulations to require applicants for new 
standard design certifications that do not reference a standard design 
approval; new standard design approvals; combined licenses that do not 
reference a standard design certification, standard design approval, or 
manufactured reactor; and new manufacturing licenses that do not 
reference a standard design certification or standard design approval 
to assess the effects of the impact of a large, commercial aircraft on 
the nuclear power plant. Based on the insights gained from this 
assessment, the applicant shall include in its application a 
description and evaluation of design features, functional capabilities, 
and strategies to avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the 
effects of the aircraft impact with reduced reliance on operator 
actions. The impact of a large, commercial aircraft is a beyond-design-
basis event, and the NRC's requirements applicable to the design, 
construction, testing, operation, and maintenance of design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies for design basis events would 
not be applicable to design features, functional capabilities, or 
strategies selected by the applicant solely to meet the requirements of 
this rule. The objective of this rule is to require nuclear power plant 
designers to perform a rigorous assessment of design features that 
could provide additional inherent protection to avoid or mitigate, to 
the extent practicable, the effects of an aircraft impact, with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.

DATES: Submit comments on this proposed rule by December 17, 2007. 
Submit comments on the information collection aspects on this proposed 
rule by November 2, 2007. Comments received after the above dates will 
be considered if it is practical to do so, but assurance of 
consideration cannot be given to comments received after these dates.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any one of the following methods. 
Please include the following number RIN 3150-AI19 in the subject line 
of your comments. Comments on rulemakings submitted in writing or in 
electronic form will be made available to the public in their entirety 
on the NRC rulemaking Web site. Personal information, such as your 
name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, etc., will not be 
removed from your submission.
    Submit comments via the Federal eRulemaking Portal http://www.regulations.gov.
    Mail comments to: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 
Washington, DC 20555-0001, ATTN: Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff.
    E-mail comments to: [email protected]. If you do not receive a reply e-
mail confirming that we have received your comments, contact us 
directly at 301-415-1966.
    Hand deliver comments to: 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 
20852, between 7:30 a.m. and 4:15 p.m. Federal workdays. (Telephone 
301-415-1966).
    Fax comments to: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission at 
301-415-1101.
    You may submit comments on the information collections by the 
methods indicated in the Paperwork Reduction Act Statement.
    Publicly available documents related to this rulemaking may be 
viewed electronically on the public computers located at the NRC's 
Public Document Room (PDR), O1 F21, One White Flint North, 11555 
Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland. The PDR reproduction contractor 
will copy documents for a fee.
    Publicly available documents created or received at the NRC after 
November 1, 1999, are available electronically at the NRC's Electronic 
Reading Room at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. From this 
site, the public can gain entry into ADAMS, which provides text and 
image files of NRC's public documents. If you do not have access to 
ADAMS or if there are problems in accessing the documents located in 
ADAMS, contact the PDR Reference staff at 1-800-397-4209, 301-415-4737 
or by e-mail to [email protected].

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Stewart Schneider, Office of 
Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 
Washington, DC 20555-0001; telephone 301-415-1462; e-mail: [email protected] 
or Ms. Nanette Gilles, Office of New Reactors, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission,

[[Page 56288]]

Washington, DC 20555-0001; telephone 301-415-1180; e-mail: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction
II. Currently Operating Power Reactors
III. Currently Approved Standard Design Certifications
IV. Renewal of a Standard Design Certification, Combined License, or 
Manufacturing License
V. Newly Designed Power Reactors
    A. Introduction
    B. Description of Beyond-Design-Basis Aircraft Impact
    C. Aircraft Impact Assessment
    D. Evaluation of Design Features, Functional Capabilities, and 
Strategies
VI. Section-by-Section Analysis
VII. Guidance
VIII. Specific Request for Comments
IX. Availability of Documents
X. Plain Language
XI. Agreement State Compatibility
XII. Voluntary Consensus Standards
XIII. Finding of No Significant Environmental Impact: Availability
XIV. Paperwork Reduction Act Statement
XV. Regulatory Analysis
XVI. Regulatory Flexibility Act Certification
XVII. Backfit Analysis

I. Introduction

    The Commission believes that it is prudent for nuclear power plant 
designers to take into account the potential effects of the impact of a 
large, commercial aircraft. The Commission has determined that the 
impact of a large, commercial aircraft is a beyond-design-basis event 
and has chosen an approach consistent with NRC's previous approach to 
such events. The overriding objective of this rule is to require 
nuclear power plant designers to perform a rigorous assessment of 
design and other features that could provide additional inherent 
protection to avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects 
of an aircraft impact, with reduced reliance on operator actions. In 
this manner, this rule would result in newly designed power reactor 
facilities being more inherently robust with regard to a potential 
aircraft impact than if they were designed in the absence of this rule. 
This rule thus provides an enhanced level of protection beyond that 
which is provided by the existing adequate protection requirements, 
which all operating power reactors are required to meet, and which 
would be provided by the proposed adequate protection requirements that 
the facilities will be required to meet when finalized (see the 
proposed 10 CFR part 73, ``Physical Protection of Plants and 
Materials,'' power reactor security requirements (71 FR 62663; October 
26, 2006)).
    The proposed rule would require applicants for new standard design 
certifications that do not reference a standard design approval; new 
standard design approvals; combined licenses that do not reference a 
standard design certification, standard design approval, or 
manufactured reactor; and new manufacturing licenses that do not 
reference a standard design certification or standard design approval, 
and those applicants with applications pending on the effective date of 
this rule (relevant applicants), to perform an aircraft impact 
assessment of the effects on the designed facility of the impact of a 
large, commercial aircraft. Based on the insights derived from that 
assessment, the application would have to include a description and 
evaluation of the design features, functional capabilities, and 
strategies to avoid or mitigate the effects of an aircraft impact, 
addressing core cooling capability, containment integrity and spent 
fuel pool integrity. The applicant would be required to describe how 
such design and other features avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the aircraft impact effects with reduced reliance on 
operator actions.
    The Commission has determined that the impact of a large, 
commercial aircraft is a beyond-design-basis event. For this reason, 
the Commission-approved final design basis threat (DBT) does not 
include an aircraft attack. The NRC published its final DBT rule, Title 
10, Section 73.1, ``Purpose and Scope,'' of the Code of Federal 
Regulations (10 CFR 73.1), in the Federal Register on March 19, 2007 
(72 FR 12705). Two well-established bases support the exclusion of 
aircraft attacks from the DBT. First, it is not reasonable to expect a 
licensee with a private security force using weapons legally available 
to it to be able to defend against such an attack. Second, such an act 
is in the nature of an attack by an enemy of the United States. Power 
reactor licensees are not required to design their facilities or 
otherwise provide measures to defend against such an attack, as 
provided by 10 CFR 50.13, ``Attacks and Destructive Acts by Enemies of 
the United States; and Defense Activities.''
    The Commission has addressed aircraft attacks by regulatory means 
other than the DBT rule in 10 CFR 73.1. By Order dated February 25, 
2002 (Interim Compensatory Measures (ICM) Order), the Commission 
required all operating power reactor licensees to develop and adopt 
mitigative strategies to cope with large fires and explosions from any 
cause, including beyond-design-basis aircraft impacts (67 FR 9792; 
March 4, 2002). The Commission has proposed incorporating the 
continuing requirement to provide for such mitigative measures in the 
NRC's regulations in the proposed 10 CFR part 73 power reactor security 
requirements, specifically the proposed revisions to 10 CFR 73.55, 
``Requirements for Physical Protection of Licensed Activities in 
Nuclear Power Reactors Against Radiological Sabotage,'' and Appendix C, 
``Licensee Safeguards Contingency Plans,'' to 10 CFR part 73. If these 
requirements, which are promulgated on the basis of adequate protection 
of public health and safety and common defense and security, are 
finalized, all current and future power reactors must satisfy them.
    The current requirements, in conjunction with the currently 
proposed revisions to the security regulations in 10 CFR 73.55 and 
Appendix C to 10 CFR part 73, will continue to provide adequate 
protection of the public health and safety and the common defense and 
security. Nevertheless, the Commission has decided to require relevant 
applicants to evaluate possible additional features to avoid or 
mitigate the effects of an aircraft impact beyond satisfying the 
current regulations and the proposed 10 CFR part 73 regulations 
(assuming they become final).
    The Commission's DBT requirements (both orders and existing rules) 
are based on adequate protection of the public health and safety and 
common defense and security. As such, they are excepted from the cost-
benefit analysis that otherwise would be required under 10 CFR 50.109, 
``Backfitting.'' This new proposed rule to address the capability of 
newly designed power reactors relative to a potential aircraft impact 
is based both on enhanced public health and enhanced safety and common 
defense and security but is not necessary for adequate protection. 
Rather, it would be to enhance the facility's inherent robustness.
    Requiring applicants for new reactor designs to perform a rigorous 
aircraft impact assessment and describe design features to address the 
effects of a beyond-design-basis aircraft impact is consistent with the 
NRC's historic approach to beyond-design-basis events and is consistent 
with the NRC's position in its ``Policy Statement on Severe Reactor 
Accidents Regarding Future Designs and Existing Plants'' (50 FR 32138; 
August 8, 1985) (Agencywide Documents Access and Management System 
(ADAMS) Accession No. ML003711521). The policy statement notes, ``The 
Commission expects that vendors engaged in designing new standard [or 
custom] plants will achieve a higher standard of severe accident safety 
performance than their prior designs.'' The NRC reiterated that

[[Page 56289]]

regulatory approach in its ``Policy Statement on the Regulation of 
Advanced Nuclear Power Plants,'' dated July 8, 1986 (ADAMS Accession 
No. ML051660651), ``The Commission expects that advanced reactors would 
provide more margin prior to exceeding safety limits and/or utilize 
simplified, inherent, passive, or other innovative means to reliably 
accomplish their safety functions.'' This regulatory approach has 
demonstrated its success, as all designs subsequently submitted to and 
certified by the Commission represent substantial improvement in safety 
for operational events and accidents. Therefore, the NRC is proposing 
to require applicants for newly designed facilities to assess the 
effects of an aircraft impact on the designed facility.
    The Commission considered the appropriate location for requirements 
on an aircraft impact assessment during its deliberations on the 
security assessment rulemaking (10 CFR 73.62) proposed by the NRC staff 
in SECY-06-0204, ``Proposed Rulemaking--Security Assessment 
Requirements for New Nuclear Power Reactor Designs (RIN 3150-AH92),'' 
dated September 26, 2006 (ADAMS Accession No. ML062300068). In its 
Staff Requirements Memorandum on SECY-06-0204, dated April 24, 2007 
(ADAMS Accession No. ML071140119), the Commission disapproved the 
staff's recommended rulemaking as described in SECY-06-0204. The 
Commission directed the NRC staff to include the aircraft impact 
assessment requirements in 10 CFR part 52, ``Licenses, Approvals, and 
Certifications for Nuclear Power Plants,'' (72 FR 49352, August 28, 
2007) to encourage reactor designers to incorporate practicable 
measures at an early stage in the design process. This proposed rule is 
the result of that effort.
    This proposed rule would revise 10 CFR part 52 to require 
applicants for new standard design certifications that do not reference 
a standard design approval; new standard design approvals; combined 
licenses that do not reference a standard design certification, 
standard design approval, or manufactured reactor; and new 
manufacturing licenses that do not reference a standard design 
certification or standard design approval to assess aircraft impact 
assessments and describe the design features and other means to avoid 
or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of an aircraft 
impact with reduced reliance on operator actions. This proposed rule 
renders as duplicative and therefore unnecessary the staff's proposed 
10 CFR 73.62 rule to require security assessments. That rule would have 
required a security assessment which would include mitigation of large 
fires and explosions, a target set analysis, and design features to 
protect target sets against DBTs. The large fires and explosions 
provisions of that rule would be subsumed by this proposed 10 CFR part 
52 aircraft impact rule. Sufficient target set provisions are included 
in the NRC's proposed changes to 10 CFR 73.55, which applicants for new 
facilities would have to satisfy if that rule is made final. Designers 
of new facilities are encouraged to account for the provisions of 10 
CFR 73.55 in the facility design so as to minimize more costly, post-
design features to meet those requirements. Accordingly, the proposed 
10 CFR 73.62 is not necessary because the Commission is proposing a new 
10 CFR part 52 aircraft impact assessment rule.
    In contrast to its relation to a possible security assessment rule, 
however, the new 10 CFR part 52 aircraft impact assessment rule would 
complement the proposed revisions to 10 CFR 73.55 and Appendix C to 10 
CFR part 73, to mitigate the effects of large fires and explosions. The 
proposed 10 CFR 73.55 and Appendix C to 10 CFR part 73 provisions on 
mitigating large fires and explosions codify the adequate protection 
requirement imposed on existing operating reactors by ICM Order, Item 
B.5.b. These provisions of the proposed 10 CFR part 73 rule, therefore, 
are necessary for adequate protection and must remain in regulations 
\1\ that are applicable to all currently operating reactors and must be 
satisfied by all newly licensed reactors.
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    \1\ By Order dated February 25, 2002 (ICM Order), the Commission 
required all operating power reactors to develop and adopt 
mitigative strategies to cope with large fires and explosions from 
any cause, including beyond-design-basis aircraft impacts (67 FR 
9792; March 4, 2002).
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    Regarding large fires and explosions, which are two likely effects 
of an aircraft impact, the proposed Appendix C to 10 CFR part 73 is 
limited to mitigative strategies ``using existing or readily-available 
resources,'' which effectively can be adapted to existing facilities. 
For example, certain facility features might be virtually cost-free if 
designed into the facility (e.g., spatially diverse containment 
penetrations) but effectively impossible to retrofit. Thus, strategies 
that were not required by ICM Order, Item B.5.b, and are not required 
by proposed 10 CFR 73.55 and Appendix C to 10 CFR part 73 because they 
do not use existing or readily available resources, might be 
implemented in new reactor designs because of the aircraft impact 
assessment rule. The proposed aircraft impact assessment rule does not 
deal with a design basis event but would result in facilities with 
additional features to avoid or mitigate the effects of an aircraft 
impact because they would be designed into the facility. Such features 
would reduce reliance on operator actions to cope with an aircraft 
impact event. Thus, this proposed rule is not necessary for adequate 
protection, but rather is an enhancement that will result in newly 
designed facilities being more inherently robust against aircraft 
impacts than the facilities not subject to this proposed rule.
    In contrast to the adequate protection requirements of proposed 10 
CFR 73.55 and Appendix C to 10 CFR part 73, a proposed rule that would 
enhance safety and security by requiring an evaluation of newly 
designed facilities to avoid or mitigate the effects of aircraft 
impacts is appropriate for inclusion in 10 CFR part 52. The NRC is 
therefore proposing to require applicants for newly designed reactors, 
which will have to satisfy the revised 10 CFR part 73 provisions if the 
rule is made final, to also perform an aircraft impact assessment under 
this proposed rule. However, the NRC expects that, compared to a 
licensee for a facility that was not designed to meet the requirements 
of the proposed rule, licensees for facilities that are designed to 
comply with the proposed rule would have much less of a need to develop 
specific procedures, guidance, or other strategies to cope with the 
loss of large areas of the plant due to explosions or fires in order to 
comply with the requirements in the proposed 10 CFR 73.55 and Appendix 
C to 10 CFR part 73. The Commission sees this as a significant benefit 
of this proposed rule; namely, that features to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of an aircraft impact are designed into the facility and will 
result in much less reliance on operator actions for such protection.
    Consideration of a rule to require applicants for newly designed 
reactors to perform an aircraft impact assessment and describe design 
and other features addressing such impacts, which are beyond-design-
basis scenarios, is similar to the Commission's consideration in the 
mid-1980's of new rules addressing accidents more severe than design 
basis accidents. The 1985 ``Policy Statement on Severe Reactor 
Accidents'' explained the Commission's conclusion that, although it was 
proposing criteria to show new reactor designs to be acceptable for 
severe accident concerns, then-existing plants posed no undue risk to 
public health

[[Page 56290]]

and safety, and thus, there was no need for action on operating 
reactors based on severe accident risks. The Commission's reasoning in 
the severe accident context supports its conclusion that although new 
reactor designs should be assessed for aircraft impacts and designed to 
avoid or mitigate the effects of an aircraft impact, existing reactors 
and designs provide adequate protection of the public health and safety 
and common defense and security.

II. Currently Operating Power Reactors

    The Commission has determined that the existing designs of 
currently operating nuclear power plants, together with the security 
program actions mandated by the NRC's orders (some of which are 
codified in the NRC's final DBT rulemaking and others of which are 
being incorporated into other NRC regulations), as well as the 
protection provided by other Federal, State, and local entities, 
provide an adequate level of protection to public health and safety and 
common defense and security against aircraft impacts. As a result of 
the events of September 11, 2001, the NRC has undertaken a series of 
actions to provide continued reasonable assurance of adequate 
protection to public health and safety and common defense and security 
at the United States commercial nuclear power facilities. The NRC has 
assessed the potential vulnerabilities of operating nuclear power 
reactors to aircraft impact, and it has issued orders and provided 
associated guidance to licensees for implementing a range of mitigative 
strategies. The results of these aircraft impact assessments were 
derived from detailed calculations of plant damage mechanisms (e.g., 
structural failures, shock and vibration effects, and fire effects). 
The NRC ensured that implementation of the February 25, 2002, ICM Order 
included measures to mitigate such scenarios.
    The Commission's ICM Order, Item B.5.b, first established the 
requirement for licensees to implement certain mitigation measures at 
existing power reactors for these beyond-design-basis events. This 
requirement was specifically intended to address ``losses of large 
areas of a (reactor) plant due to fires and explosions.'' The 
Commission has since incorporated this requirement into the proposed 
rulemaking for 10 CFR 73.55 and Appendix C to 10 CFR part 73. Under the 
proposed 10 CFR part 73 rulemaking, future license applicants must 
identify and implement mitigative measures similar to those required 
for currently operating plants.
    Most recently, the Commission published a final rule on March 19, 
2007 (72 FR 12705), amending the DBT in 10 CFR 73.1. The DBT rule 
describes general attributes that nuclear power plant licensees must 
defend against with high assurance. This rulemaking enhanced the DBT by 
codifying generically applicable security requirements similar to those 
previously imposed by the Commission's April 29, 2003, DBT Orders.
    On the basis of the previous information, the NRC concludes that 
existing power reactors pose no undue risk to public health and safety 
or common defense and security from the effects of an aircraft impact 
based on the Commission's specified aircraft characteristics. 
Therefore, the NRC is not applying the aircraft impact assessment 
requirement in this rulemaking to existing operating nuclear power 
plants.

III. Currently Approved Standard Design Certifications

    The Commission has concluded that the proposed rule need not be 
applied to the four currently approved standard design certifications 
in Appendices A through D to 10 CFR part 52.\2\ Therefore, applicants 
would not need to recertify these standard designs to meet this 
proposed rule. This follows from the Commission's determination that 
the aircraft impact rule is an enhancement above and beyond what is 
necessary for adequate protection and that the aircraft impact 
scenario, as previously explained, is a beyond-design-basis event. Just 
as the currently operating power reactor facilities continue to meet 
adequate protection requirements and do not need to meet this new 
aircraft impact rule, so too are the already certified standard designs 
sufficient to meet adequate protection design requirements. Any reactor 
facility built to one of these already-certified designs will, of 
course, have to satisfy all adequate protection requirements applicable 
to operating power reactors.
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    \2\ The four standard design certifications currently in effect 
are the U.S. Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) design (Appendix 
A), the System 80+ design (Appendix B), the AP600 design (Appendix 
C), and the AP1000 design (Appendix D).
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    The original applicant (or successor in interest of any of the four 
current standard design certifications) may voluntarily seek to amend 
the standard design certification to add design features, functional 
capabilities, or strategies in accordance with the requirements of 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500, ``Aircraft Impact Assessment.'' The NRC 
encourages voluntary enhancement by the applicants for the four current 
standard design certifications because it will increase the already 
high levels of safety and security provided by these reactor designs. 
Applicants may implement these design modifications in different ways, 
including:
     Applications to amend the existing design certifications.
     Application for a new design certification based on the 
existing certification, but containing the design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies identified as a result of this rule.
     Requests submitted by combined license applicants for 
plant-specific departures from the standard design, where the departure 
implements the modifications developed by the original design 
certification applicant's voluntary implementation of the provisions of 
the proposed 10 CFR 52.500 (these requests may be submitted by each 
individual combined license applicant, or they may be submitted by a 
group of combined license applicants under the provisions of Appendix 
N, ``Standardization of Nuclear Power Plant Designs: Combined Licenses 
to Construct and Operate Nuclear Power Reactors of Identical Design at 
Multiple Sites,'' to 10 CFR part 52 and subpart D, ``Additional 
Procedures Applicable to Proceedings for the Issuance of Licenses to 
Construct and/or Operate Nuclear Power Plants of Identical Design at 
Multiple Sites,'' to 10 CFR part 2, ``Rules of Practice for Domestic 
Licensing Proceedings and Issuance of Orders.''

IV. Renewal of a Standard Design Certification, Combined License, or 
Manufacturing License

    The NRC's proposed rulemaking does not require updating of the 
assessment of aircraft impacts required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500 as 
part of an application for either a renewed design certification under 
10 CFR 52.57, ``Application for Renewal,'' a renewed combined license 
under 10 CFR 52.107, ``Application for Renewal,'' and 10 CFR part 54, 
``Requirements for Renewal of Operating Licenses for Nuclear Power 
Plants,'' or a renewed manufacturing license under 10 CFR 52.177, 
``Application for Renewal.'' The NRC's requirement for assessment of 
large, commercial aircraft impacts is not an aging-related matter, nor 
is it based on time-limited considerations. Hence, aircraft impacts 
under the proposed rule are outside the scope of any combined license 
renewal proceeding under 10 CFR part 54 and combined license holders do 
not need to update the assessment required by 10 CFR 52.500(b) at the 
license renewal stage. Similarly, aircraft impacts under

[[Page 56291]]

the proposed rule are outside the scope of any manufacturing license 
renewal proceeding under 10 CFR 52.177.

V. Newly Designed Power Reactors

A. Introduction

    Under this proposed rule, relevant applicants for newly designed 
power reactors would be required to undertake the following:
     Perform an assessment of the effects on the designed 
facility of a beyond-design-basis aircraft impact
     Evaluate potential design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies for avoiding or mitigating the effects of 
a beyond-design-basis aircraft impact on the key safety functions of 
the facility
     Describe how such design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions
    The proposed rule is based on the premise that it is desirable for 
future power reactors to avoid or mitigate the effects of the 
applicable aircraft impact through design features that reduce or 
eliminate the need for operator actions. Because this type of 
consideration needs to occur during the development of the design 
itself, the NRC directs the requirements at plant designers.
    The NRC does not expect plant designers to demonstrate that design 
features alone, without any operator action or mitigative response 
activity, will practicably avoid or mitigate the effects of the beyond-
design-basis aircraft impact. The NRC recognizes that the decision to 
rely on design features (as opposed to operator action or mitigative 
strategies) is complex, and often involves a set of trade-offs between 
competing considerations. The NRC's goal is that the designer implement 
a rigorous assessment process to ensure that the design process 
constitutes a reasoned approach for assessing the plant design to 
identify practicable design or other features that either minimize the 
effects of, or mitigate, a beyond-design-basis aircraft impact.

B. Description of Beyond-Design-Basis Aircraft Impact

    Since September 11, 2001, the Commission has used state-of-the art 
technology to assess the effects of aircraft impacts on nuclear power 
plants. As part of a comprehensive review of security for NRC-licensed 
facilities, the NRC conducted detailed, site-specific engineering 
studies of a limited number of nuclear power plants to assess potential 
vulnerabilities of deliberate attacks involving large, commercial 
aircraft. In conducting these studies, the NRC consulted national 
experts from several Department of Energy laboratories using state-of-
the-art structural and fire analyses. The agency also used realistic 
predictions of accident progression and radiological consequences.
    The proposed rule sets forth a general description of the aircraft 
characteristics that are required to be used to perform the beyond-
design-basis aircraft impact assessment. The assessment must be based 
on the Commission's specified aircraft characteristics used to define 
the beyond-design-basis impact of a large, commercial aircraft used for 
long distance flights in the United States, with aviation fuel loading 
typically used in such flights, and an impact speed and angle of impact 
considering the ability of both experienced and inexperienced pilots to 
control large, commercial aircraft at the low altitude representative 
of a nuclear power plant's low profile.
    Beyond these general characteristics, the Commission will specify 
for plant designers in a Safeguards Information (SGI) guidance document 
more detailed characteristics of the large, commercial aircraft that 
should be used in the required assessment. Although the detailed 
aircraft characteristics will be described in an SGI guidance document 
and will not be publicly available because of their potential value to 
terrorists, the description of some of the factors used in selecting 
the parameters is offered to foster a better understanding of this 
rulemaking:
    1. The aircraft used by the terrorists on September 11, 2001. The 
staff has reviewed the results of the September 11, 2001, attacks on 
the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The NRC has used these reviews 
in previous studies for operating reactors. The NRC also used these 
reviews to make its decisions with respect to this rulemaking.
    2. Communications with other U.S. Government agencies. Since 
September 11, 2001, the NRC has worked closely with the Department of 
Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, and other agencies both 
to understand their information on terrorist threats and to communicate 
the NRC's study results.
    3. Communications with foreign governments. A number of foreign 
governments are considering the construction of new nuclear power 
plants. The NRC is communicating with the regulatory authorities in 
these countries to understand their requirements and to convey its own 
results and plans.
    4. Evaluations of commercial aircraft. The NRC has studied the 
types, numbers, and characteristics of commercial aircraft flown in 
U.S. airspace.
    Because this proposed rule is intended to provide added features to 
avoid or mitigate the effects of a beyond-design-basis event, the 
choice of aircraft characteristics and the scenario used for this 
analysis will not be linked to threat assessments or to any evolution 
of aircraft design. The proposed rule would require that the design-
specific impact assessment use the Commission-specified aircraft 
characteristics as described in proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b). As stated 
previously, more specific details about the aircraft characteristics 
specified by the Commission will be contained in a separate guidance 
document under SGI controls. Because the guidance containing the more 
detailed aircraft characteristics will be SGI, the document will only 
be made available to those individuals with a need-to-know and who are 
otherwise qualified to have access to SGI. Plant designers (including 
their employees and agents) who meet the Commission's requirements for 
access to SGI would have access to the guidance document containing 
these more detailed characteristics in order to perform the assessments 
required by the proposed rule.
    The Commission has carefully balanced the public interest in 
knowing the characteristics of the specific aircraft to be used in the 
aircraft impact assessment and the need for meaningful comment on 
specific details of the aircraft impact assessment. The result is an 
aircraft impact assessment proposed rule that describes the general 
aircraft characteristics which applicants are required to use in their 
aircraft impact assessments. The text of this proposed rule and the 
associated supplementary information, provide ample information to 
enable meaningful comment on what the aircraft impact assessment should 
entail. No additional information is necessary to understand or to 
comment on the proposed aircraft impact assessment rule. Members of the 
public can provide the Commission their views on this rulemaking 
regarding the design areas to be addressed in the assessment, functions 
to be evaluated for possible enhancement, and criteria for assessing 
practicability without having access to the more detailed SGI aircraft 
characteristics. Therefore, access to the proposed SGI aircraft 
characteristics contained in the regulatory guidance is not necessary 
to enable meaningful public comment on the proposed aircraft impact 
assessment rule.

[[Page 56292]]

    This regulatory approach is similar to that used by the NRC in 
describing the DBT against which security programs under 10 CFR part 73 
must defend. The general characteristics of the DBT appear in 10 CFR 
73.1. More detailed information of a sensitive nature is contained in 
adversary characteristics documents. As is the case with the 
Commission's aircraft characteristics, the technical bases for these 
documents derive largely from intelligence information and contain SGI 
that must be withheld from public disclosure. They are available only 
on a need-to-know basis to those who are approved for access. In the 
final DBT rule, the NRC was careful to set forth rule text that does 
not compromise licensee security, but it also acknowledges the need to 
keep the public informed of the types of attacks against which nuclear 
power plants and Category I fuel cycle facilities are required to 
defend. The NRC is taking a similar approach in this proposed aircraft 
impact rule. This approach strikes the appropriate balance between 
public disclosure of the regulatory requirements governing nuclear 
power plants, and protection of public health and safety and common 
defense and security.

C. Aircraft Impact Assessment

Technical Issues
    Because the aircraft impact is a beyond-design-basis event, the 
methods and acceptance criteria used should be based on realistic 
assumptions. The aircraft impact assessment would include the items 
detailed in the following paragraphs:
    1. Consideration of aircraft characteristics. The assessment must 
consider a large, commercial aircraft of the type currently in use for 
long distance flights in the United States as described previously in 
this document and in 10 CFR 52.500(b). More detailed characteristics of 
the large, commercial aircraft to be used in this assessment will be 
contained in a separate guidance document under SGI controls.
    2. Plant functions, structures, systems, components, and locations 
to be assessed. The critical functions required to be evaluated in the 
aircraft impact assessment include core cooling, containment integrity, 
and spent fuel pool integrity. Evaluation of the survivability of these 
functions, should consider not only the key components, but also power 
supplies, cable runs, and other components that support these 
functions. The evaluation may take credit for the availability of both 
safety and non-safety equipment. The assessment should evaluate whether 
the structures containing equipment that provides needed functions are 
likely to be affected by the specified large, commercial aircraft 
impact. Factors to be considered in the evaluation include the size and 
location of the structures and the presence of external impediments to 
impact.
    3. Damage mechanisms. The assessment should model the structural 
response, shock and vibration effects, and fire effects of the 
postulated aircraft impact.
    a. Structural assessment. The structural assessment should be based 
on a detailed structural model of the plant taking into account the 
nonlinear materials and geometric behavior. The assessment should 
consider both local and global (plant-wide) behavior, as well as 
thermal effects resulting from fire.
    b. Shock assessment. The assessment should evaluate the local and 
global (plant-wide) shock and vibration effects resulting from the 
postulated impact.
    c. Fire assessment. The fire assessment should consider the extent 
of structural damage and aviation fuel deposition, if any, and spread 
within the impacted buildings. The assessment should consider both 
short- and long-term fire effects.
Regulatory Treatment of the Assessment
    The impact assessment is subject to audit and review by the NRC 
and, therefore, must be maintained by the applicant along with the rest 
of the information that forms the basis for the relevant application, 
consistent with paragraph (b) of 10 CFR 52.0, ``Scope; Applicability of 
10 CFR Chapter I Provisions,'' 10 CFR 50.70, ``Inspections,'' and 10 
CFR 50.71, ``Maintenance of Records, Making of Reports.'' The applicant 
does not need to submit the impact assessment--as opposed to the 
``description and evaluation of the design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies'' required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c)--
to the NRC in its application.
    Under the proposed rule, the NRC will confirm that the impact 
assessment was performed consistent with the regulatory requirements 
and related guidance documents. The NRC may take appropriate 
enforcement action for any violations of applicable NRC requirements, 
including, but not limited to, proposed 10 CFR 52.500, 10 CFR 52.4, 
``Deliberate Misconduct,'' and 10 CFR 52.6, ``Completeness and Accuracy 
of Information.'' A failure to perform the assessment would be a 
violation of the rule. The NRC expects the assessment to be rigorous. 
Any assessment that is inadequate to reasonably assess the aircraft 
impact; to identify practicable design features, functional 
capabilities, or strategies; or to justify non-adoption of potentially 
advantageous design features, functional capabilities, or strategies, 
could be considered a violation of the rule.
    The NRC's decision on an application subject to proposed 10 CFR 
52.500 would be separate from any NRC determination that may be made 
with respect to the adequacy of the impact assessment which the rule 
does not require be submitted to the NRC. Applicants would only be 
required to submit a description and evaluation of the design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of the applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact in their 
final safety analysis report (FSAR) with the understanding that the 
complete aircraft impact assessment would be available for NRC audit 
and review at the applicant's offices, if needed. The NRC expects that, 
generally, the information that it needs to perform its review of the 
application to assess the applicant's compliance with 10 CFR 52.500 
would be that information contained in the applicant's FSAR. Therefore, 
the adequacy of the impact assessment would not be a matter which may 
be the subject of a contention submitted as part of a petition to 
intervene under 10 CFR 2.309, ``Hearing Requests, Petitions to 
Intervene, Requirements for Standing, and Contentions.'' A person who 
seeks NRC rulemaking action with respect to a proposed standard design 
certification on the basis that the impact assessment is inadequate 
could submit comments in the notice and comment phase of that 
rulemaking. A person who seeks rulemaking action after the NRC has 
adopted a final design certification rule on the basis that the impact 
assessment performed for that design certification is inadequate could 
submit a petition for rulemaking under 10 CFR 2.802, ``Petition for 
Rulemaking,'' and 10 CFR 2.803, ``Determination of Petition,'' seeking 
to amend the standard design certification. A person who seeks agency 
enforcement-related action on a combined license or manufacturing 
license on the basis of an inadequate impact assessment could file a 
petition under 10 CFR 2.206, ``Requests for Action Under This 
Subpart.''
    Once the applicant completes the impact assessment, accomplishes 
the evaluation required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) based on insights 
gained from the proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b) assessment, and includes the 
description and evaluation required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) in the 
FSAR,

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the purpose of the impact assessment would be achieved. Accordingly, 
the proposed rule would not require the impact assessment to be 
updated, by either: (1) The design certification applicant whose 
application references a design approval, (2) the design certification 
applicant following the NRC's adoption of a final standard design 
certification rule, (3) a design approval holder, (4) a manufacturing 
license applicant or holder whose application references a design 
certification or design approval, (5) a combined license applicant or 
holder whose application references a design certification, design 
approval, or manufactured reactor, or (6) a combined license holder 
whose application does not reference a design certification, design 
approval, or manufactured reactor and is required to prepare its own 
assessment.
    The provisions of 10 CFR 50.71(c) require that records that are 
required by the regulations in 10 CFR part 50, ``Domestic Licensing of 
Production and Utilization Facilities,'' or 10 CFR part 52 must be 
retained for the period specified by the appropriate regulation. If a 
retention period is not otherwise specified, the licensee must retain 
these records until the Commission terminates the facility license. 
Because proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b) would require the performance of the 
aircraft impact assessment, it falls under the category of ``records 
that are required by the regulations'' and therefore, the licensee 
would be required to retain the assessment until the Commission 
terminates the facility license. The NRC also expects to add specific 
provisions to each standard design certification rule for a design 
covered by proposed 10 CFR 52.500 governing retention of the aircraft 
impact assessment by both the applicant for the design certification 
(including an applicant after the Commission has adopted a final 
standard design certification rule) and a licensee who references that 
design certification. The NRC expects to require applicants and 
licensees to retain the assessment required by 10 CFR 52.500(b) 
throughout the pendency of the application and for the term of the 
certification or license (including any period of renewal). An example 
of such requirements can be found in any of the current design 
certification rules, Section X, ``Records and Reporting,'' of 
Appendices A through D of 10 CFR part 52.
    As discussed in Section VIII, ``Specific Request for Comments,'' of 
this document, the NRC is requesting comments on whether, in lieu of 
the specific design certification rule provisions or reliance on 10 CFR 
50.71(c), it should adopt as part of the final 10 CFR 52.500 rulemaking 
a specific provision that would explicitly mandate the retention of the 
assessment. Such a provision, to be included in an additional paragraph 
of proposed 10 CFR 52.500, would also set forth the proposed period of 
retention for the assessment as the term of the design certification, 
combined license, or manufacturing license.

D. Evaluation of Design Features, Functional Capabilities, and 
Strategies

Technical Issues
    The proposed rule would require designers of new facilities to 
describe how the design features, functional capabilities, and 
strategies adopted based on the insights of the aircraft impact 
assessment avoid or mitigate the effects of the aircraft impact. Plant 
structures critical to maintaining facility safety functions should be 
designed, if practicable, such that an impact does not result in 
structural failure, and aircraft parts and jet fuel do not enter the 
structures. In circumstances in which an impact results in aircraft 
parts and jet fuel entering structures or affecting equipment, plant 
structures and layouts should be evaluated with respect to maintaining 
key safety functions by addressing equipment survivability following 
the entry of aircraft parts and jet fuel and key safety functions are 
accomplished notwithstanding the resulting internal damage resulting 
from structural loads, shock and vibration, and fire.
    As discussed previously, the Commission has issued orders to 
operating plants requiring mitigation of the effects of losing large 
areas of the plant from fires and explosions. These requirements 
include some reliance on operator actions, such as realigning systems 
to ensure continued core cooling following the loss of a large area. 
Because this proposed rule would apply to newly designed facilities 
before construction of the facility, the Commission expects that 
improvements can be made in the plant's design that have the same 
result as operator actions credited in operating plants. Thus, these 
designs should have reduced reliance, relative to current operating 
plants, on operator actions.
    The proposed rule would require applicants to describe how the 
design features, functional capabilities, and strategies avoid or 
mitigate, ``to the extent practicable,'' the effects of the applicable 
aircraft impact with reduced reliance on operator actions. The NRC 
intends this standard to include those design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies that are realistically and reasonably 
feasible from a technical engineering perspective. For example, the NRC 
believes it may be practicable to employ new technologies currently in 
use in the commercial nuclear power industry or in another industry. 
Alternatively, it would not be practicable to introduce a design 
feature that could have adverse safety or security consequences under a 
different operational or accident scenario. This consideration of 
practicability allows the designers to evaluate potential competing 
technical factors, such as the response to earthquakes, while at the 
same time addressing aircraft impacts.
    Nuclear power plants are inherently very robust, secure structures 
designed to withstand tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and 
other severe events. They have redundant and diverse safety equipment 
so that if an active component becomes unavailable, another component 
or system will satisfy its function. The results of the Commission's 
evaluation of postulated aircraft impacts on operating reactors 
reinforced the value of design features such as the following:
     Reinforced concrete walls
     Redundancy and spatial separation of key systems, 
structures and components
     Diversity of power supplies
     Compartmentalization of interior structures with pressure 
resisting concrete walls and doors
    The NRC expects the required evaluation to consider the value of 
such design features and of possible improvements in these and other 
features. The applicant must base the evaluation on insights gained 
from the impact assessment performed under proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b).
Regulatory Treatment of the Evaluation
    The NRC will confirm that the evaluation required by 10 CFR 
52.500(c) was performed and that the FSAR includes the necessary 
description and evaluation of the design and other features adopted to 
avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the potential effects of 
the applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact. The NRC will 
review the evaluation contained in the application and reach a 
conclusion as to whether the applicant has conducted an evaluation 
reasonably formulated to identify practicable design and other features 
to avoid or mitigate the potential effects of the applicable, beyond-
design-basis aircraft impact. However, NRC's review of the adequacy of 
the evaluation, and the effectiveness and practicability of the 
applicant-

[[Page 56294]]

selected features, capabilities, and strategies, are separate and 
distinct from the NRC's determination whether to issue a final standard 
design certification rule, a final design approval, a combined license, 
or a manufacturing license. Therefore, as is the case with the impact 
assessment, the NRC will use its established audit and review process 
to ensure the evaluation and determination of practicability was 
performed consistent with the regulatory requirements and related 
guidance documents. The NRC may take appropriate enforcement action for 
any violation of applicable NRC requirements. Inasmuch as the adequacy 
of the evaluation and the practicability of the applicant-selected 
features, capabilities, and strategies, are separate and distinct from 
the approval of the final design in the design certification, design 
approval, combined license, or manufacturing license, there would be no 
issue resolution associated with the assessment regarding the lack of 
effectiveness or practicability of potential design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies not selected by the applicant 
for inclusion in the certified design.
    The NRC is proposing that the design features, functional 
capabilities, or strategies credited for avoiding or mitigating the 
effects of an aircraft impact be described in Chapter 19 of the FSAR, 
which addresses severe accidents. The design features may include 
structures or features unchanged from the plant design as it existed 
before the aircraft impact assessment (e.g., an existing wall is found 
to be effective), structures or features included in the plant design 
but enhanced to improve the response to an aircraft impact (e.g., an 
existing wall is made stronger), or new structures or features added 
solely to address aircraft impacts (e.g., a new wall). The regulatory 
treatment of the design features (e.g., how changes to the features are 
controlled) depends on which of the above categories apply. For 
example, a design feature added specifically to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of an aircraft impact would be controlled only by requirements 
specifically for control of those design features added in this 
proposed rule or requirements that the NRC expects to add to future 
design certifications that would be subject to proposed 10 CFR 52.500. 
A safety-related structure credited in the aircraft impact assessment 
as a design feature would continue to be controlled by Appendix B to 10 
CFR part 50, ``Quality Assurance Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants and 
Fuel Reprocessing Plants;'' 10 CFR part 21, ``Reporting of Defects and 
Noncompliance;'' and other regulations establishing technical and 
administrative requirements on the non-aircraft impact functions, in 
addition to the proposed requirements for control of features to 
address aircraft impacts.
    For combined licenses not referencing a certified design, the NRC 
is proposing to have change control governed by the requirements in a 
new 10 CFR 52.502, ``Control of Changes to FSAR Information,'' to 
address changes to any design features, functional capabilities, or 
strategies credited for avoiding or mitigating the effects of an 
aircraft impact for a combined license that does not reference a 
certified design. Specifically, the proposed 10 CFR 52.502(c) would 
require that, if the licensee changes the information required by 10 
CFR 52.79(a)(47) to be included in the FSAR, the licensee re-perform 
that portion of the evaluation required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) 
that addresses the changed feature, capability, or strategy. The 
licensee would also be required to describe, in the re-evaluation, how 
the modified design features, functional capabilities, and strategies 
avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of the 
applicable aircraft impact with reduced reliance on operator actions. 
Because this rule is being proposed to address a beyond-design-basis 
event, the NRC has determined that it is appropriate to apply the same 
standard to any licensee-proposed changes to features, capabilities, 
and strategies that would be applied during the original evaluation of 
those design features, functional capabilities, and strategies.
    A combined license holder subject to proposed 10 CFR 52.500 (i.e., 
a licensee whose application does not reference a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, or manufactured reactor) may 
change the design features, functional capabilities, and strategies 
incorporated into the design, in accordance with proposed 10 CFR 
52.502, without prior NRC review and approval, as long as the licensee 
re-performs that portion of the evaluation required by proposed 10 CFR 
52.500(c) addressing the changed feature, capability, or strategy. The 
licensee must also describe, in the re-evaluation documented in a 
change to the FSAR, how the modified design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions. Licensees' submittal of this updated 
information to the NRC will be governed by the existing FSAR update 
requirements in 10 CFR 50.71(e).
    A design feature, functional capability, or strategy described in a 
standard design certification may not be changed generically except by 
notice and comment rulemaking, see 10 CFR 52.63, ``Finality of Standard 
Design Certifications,'' paragraphs (a)(1) and (2), and such a change 
must meet one of the criteria in 10 CFR 52.63(a)(1). All referencing 
combined licenses must implement any generic change to a design 
certification rule, as required by 10 CFR 52.63(a)(3).
    The NRC expects to add a new change control provision to future 
design certification rules subject to proposed 10 CFR 52.500 to govern 
combined license holders referencing the design certification that 
request a departure from the design features, functional capabilities, 
or strategies in the referenced design certification. The new change 
control provision would require that, if the licensee changes the 
information required by 10 CFR 52.47(a)(28) to be included in the FSAR 
for the standard design certification, then the licensee must re-
perform that portion of the evaluation required by proposed 10 CFR 
52.500(c) addressing the changed feature, capability, or strategy. The 
licensee must also describe, in the re-evaluation documented in a 
change to the FSAR (i.e., a plant-specific departure from the generic 
design control document), how the modified design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions. Licensees' submittal of this updated 
information to the NRC will be governed by the reporting requirements 
in the applicable design certification rule. The NRC expects to 
continue, in future standard design certification rulemakings, its 
practice of adopting reporting requirements analogous to Section X.B of 
the four existing standard design certification rules. Licensees making 
changes to design features, capabilities, or strategies included in the 
certified design or in the plant-specific FSAR may also need to develop 
alternate means to cope with the loss of large areas of the plant from 
explosions or fires to comply with the requirements in the proposed 10 
CFR 73.55 and Appendix C to 10 CFR part 73.
    A design feature, functional capability, or strategy described in a 
standard design approval may not be changed generically except under an 
application for a new design approval. There are no provisions in 10 
CFR part 52 for making generic changes to a

[[Page 56295]]

standard design approval. Paragraph (a) of Section 52.145, ``Finality 
of Standard Design Approvals; Information Requests,'' states that an 
approved design must be used by and relied upon by the NRC staff and 
the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards in their review of any 
individual facility license application that incorporates by reference 
a standard design approval unless there exists significant new 
information that substantially affects the earlier determination or 
other good cause. Therefore, any changes to a design feature, 
functional capability, or strategy described in a standard design 
approval would be subject to review by the NRC in any application that 
references the design approval. Note that 10 CFR 52.131, ``Scope of 
Subpart,'' states that the an applicant may submit standard designs for 
a nuclear power reactor or major portions thereof. To the extent that a 
standard design approval is issued for only portion of a nuclear power 
reactor, any applicant referencing that design approval will have to 
separately comply with the requirements of 10 CFR 52.500 for any 
portion of the design not addressed in the design approval issued by 
the NRC.
    Under the provisions of 10 CFR 52.171, ``Finality of Manufacturing 
Licenses; Information Requests,'' the holder of a manufacturing license 
may not make changes to the design features, functional capabilities, 
or strategies described in the FSAR without prior Commission approval. 
The request for a change to the design must be in the form of an 
application for a license amendment, and must meet the requirements of 
10 CFR 50.90, ``Application for Amendment of License, Construction 
Permit, or Early Site Permit,'' and 10 CFR 50.92, ``Issuance of 
Amendment.''
    Under the provisions of 10 CFR 52.171(b)(2), a combined license 
applicant or licensee who references or uses a nuclear power reactor 
manufactured under a manufacturing license under this subpart may 
request a departure from the design features, functional capabilities, 
or strategies described in the FSAR for the manufactured reactor. The 
Commission will grant such a request only if it determines that the 
departure will comply with the requirements of 10 CFR 52.7, ``Specific 
Exemptions,'' and that the special circumstances outweigh any decrease 
in safety that may result from the reduction in standardization caused 
by the departure.
    Once the evaluation required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) is 
completed and the application includes descriptions of the design 
features, functional capabilities, and strategies, the purpose of the 
evaluation would be largely achieved. Thus, as with the assessment 
required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b), the applicant or licensee would 
not be required to update the paragraph (c) evaluation after the design 
certification, design approval, combined license, or manufacturing 
license is issued, or in an application for renewal under either 10 CFR 
52.57, 10 CFR 52.107 and 10 CFR part 54, or 52.177. However, licensees 
would be required to maintain the paragraph (c) evaluation, inasmuch as 
proposed 10 CFR 52.79(a)(47) and 10 CFR 52.157(f)(32) require the 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) evaluation and description to be included in 
the FSAR portion of the application.
    Following issuance of a final design certification rule, the design 
certification applicant would not be required to update the evaluation 
so long as it does not request a significant change to any of the 
design features, functional capabilities, or strategies in the design 
certification. Similarly, the holder of a combined license or 
manufacturing license would not be required to update the evaluation so 
long as the licensee makes no significant change to the design 
features, functional capabilities, or strategies described in the FSAR.
    As with the aircraft impact assessment required by proposed 10 CFR 
52.500(b), in accordance with 10 CFR 50.71(c), each combined license 
holder and manufacturing license holder whose application was subject 
to proposed 10 CFR 52.500 would be required to retain the documentation 
supporting the proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) evaluation for NRC review. 
With respect to a standard design certification, proposed 10 CFR 
52.47(a)(28) would require the proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) evaluation to 
be included in the FSAR submitted as part of the design certification 
application. The NRC acknowledges that the applicant for a standard 
design certification is not, per se, responsible for maintaining the 
FSAR information once a final design certification rule is adopted by 
the NRC. Nonetheless, the NRC continues to believe, for the reasons set 
forth in the statement of considerations for the first design 
certification rulemaking, see 62 FR 25800, May 19,1997, at 25813-25814, 
25826, that the original standard design certification applicant should 
be required to maintain the accuracy of the design certification 
information. Therefore, in future standard design certification 
rulemakings, the NRC expects to continue its practice of adopting a 
records management requirement analogous to Section X.A of the four 
existing standard design certification rules. In addition to the 
information included in the FSAR for the design certification or 
combined license, the supporting documentation retained onsite should 
describe the methodology used in identifying and evaluating the 
practicability of potential features, capabilities, and strategies for 
inclusion in the design; and list the features, capabilities, and 
strategies that were considered but rejected, along with the basis for 
their rejection.

VI. Section-by-Section Analysis

Section 52.11 Information Collection Requirements: OMB Approval

    Section 52.11 identifies the information collection requirements 
contained in 10 CFR part 52 approved by the Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB) as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 
et seq.). The NRC is proposing to modify paragraph (b) to include 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500 in the list of requirements with approved 
information collections.

Section 52.47 Contents of Applications; Technical Information

    Section 52.47 identifies the required technical information to be 
included in an application for a standard design certification. The 
proposed rule would revise this section by adding a new paragraph 
(a)(28) requiring that the FSAR contain the information required by 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500, ``Aircraft Impact Assessment.'' This 
information, as currently set forth in paragraph (c) of proposed 10 CFR 
52.500, is limited to the following:
    1. A description of the design features, functional capabilities, 
and strategies credited by the applicant to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of the applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact; and
    2. An evaluation of how such design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.
    The 10 CFR 52.47(a)(28) requirement applies only to those standard 
design certification applications which are subject to proposed 10 CFR 
52.500, that is, those design certifications issued after the effective 
date of the final rule (see 10 CFR 52.500(a)) that do not reference a 
design approval. Thus, any standard design certification application 
not referencing a standard design approval that is docketed and under

[[Page 56296]]

review by the NRC but has not yet been issued in final form as of the 
effective date of the final 10 CFR 52.500 must amend its application to 
include the information required by final 10 CFR 52.500.

Section 52.79 Contents of Applications; Technical Information in Final 
Safety Analysis Report

    Section 52.79 identifies the required technical information to be 
included in an FSAR submitted in a combined license application under 
10 CFR part 52, subpart C, ``Combined Licenses.'' The proposed rule 
would revise this section by adding a new paragraph (a)(47) requiring 
that the FSAR contain the information required by proposed 10 CFR 
52.500. This is the same type of information that an applicant for a 
standard design certification would need to submit, namely, the 
following:
    1. A description of the design features, functional capabilities, 
and strategies credited by the applicant to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of the applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact; and
    2. An evaluation of how such design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.
    Only those combined licenses issued after the effective date of the 
final rule that do not reference a standard design certification, 
standard design approval, or manufactured reactor would be subject to 
10 CFR 52.79(a)(47). Thus, a combined license application filed after 
the effective date of the final 10 CFR 52.500 and referencing a 
standard design certification, standard design approval, or 
manufactured reactor would not have to include the information required 
by 10 CFR 52.500. The NRC notes that this would be true even for a 
combined license application which references one of the four current 
standard design certifications (ABWR, 10 CFR part 52, Appendix A; 
System 80+, 10 CFR part 52, Appendix B; AP600, 10 CFR part 52, Appendix 
C; and AP1000, 10 CFR part 52, Appendix D). This is consistent with the 
requirements of 10 CFR 52.79(c), (d), and (e) which state that, if the 
combined license application references a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, or manufactured reactor, then 
the FSAR need not contain information or analyses submitted to the 
Commission in connection with the design certification, design 
approval, or manufacturing license, as applicable. By contrast, a 
combined license applicant not referencing a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, or manufactured reactor whose 
application is docketed and under review by the NRC but for which a 
license has not yet been issued as of the effective date of the final 
10 CFR 52.500, must amend its application to include the information 
required by 10 CFR 52.500.

Section 52.137 Contents of Applications; Technical Information

    Section 52.137 identifies the required technical information to be 
included in an application for a standard design approval. The proposed 
rule would revise this section by adding a new paragraph (a)(26) 
requiring that the FSAR contain the information required by proposed 10 
CFR 52.500. This information, as currently set forth in paragraph (c) 
of proposed 10 CFR 52.500, is limited to the following:
    1. A description of the design features, functional capabilities, 
and strategies credited by the applicant to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of the applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact; and
    2. An evaluation of how such design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.
    The 10 CFR 52.137(a)(26) requirement applies only to those standard 
design approval applications which are subject to proposed 10 CFR 
52.500, that is, those design approvals issued after the effective date 
of the final rule (see 10 CFR 52.500(a)). Thus, any standard design 
approval application that is docketed and under review by the NRC but 
has not yet been issued in final form as of the effective date of the 
final 10 CFR 52.500 must amend its application to include the 
information required by final 10 CFR 52.500.

Section 52.157 Contents of Applications; Technical Information in Final 
Safety Analysis Report

    Section 52.157 identifies the required technical information to be 
included in an application for a manufacturing license. The proposed 
rule would revise this section by adding a new paragraph (f)(32) 
requiring that the FSAR contain the information required by proposed 10 
CFR 52.500. This information, as currently set forth in paragraph (c) 
of proposed 10 CFR 52.500, is limited to the following:
    1. A description of the design features, functional capabilities, 
and strategies credited by the applicant to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of the applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact; and
    2. An evaluation of how such design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.
    The 10 CFR 52.157(f)(32) requirement applies only to those 
manufacturing license applications which are subject to proposed 10 CFR 
52.500, that is, those manufacturing licenses issued after the 
effective date of the final rule that do not reference a design 
certification or design approval (see 10 CFR 52.500(a)). Thus, any 
manufacturing license application that is docketed and under review by 
the NRC but has not yet been issued in final form as of the effective 
date of the final 10 CFR 52.500 must amend its application to include 
the information required by final 10 CFR 52.500.

Section 52.303 Criminal Penalties

    Section 52.303 identifies the regulations in 10 CFR part 52 that 
are not issued under Sections 161b, 161i, or 161o for the purposes of 
Section 223 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, which 
provides for criminal sanctions for willful violation of, attempted 
violation of, or conspiracy to violate, any regulation issued under 
Sections 161b, 161i, or 161o of the Act. The NRC is proposing to modify 
paragraph (b) to include proposed 10 CFR 52.500 and proposed 10 CFR 
52.502 in the list of regulations not issued under Sections 161b, 161i, 
or 161o for the purposes of Section 223 of the Act.

Subpart K--Additional Requirements

    The NRC proposes to add a new subpart K, ``Additional 
Requirements,'' to 10 CFR part 52. This subpart would be reserved for 
requirements applicable only to the licenses, certifications, and 
approvals under 10 CFR part 52 that have unique characteristics which 
mitigate against placing them in other parts of 10 CFR Chapter I, 
``Nuclear Regulatory Commission'' of Title 10.

Section 52.500 Aircraft Impact Assessment

    Proposed 10 CFR 52.500 would be a new requirement for assessing a 
large, commercial aircraft impact at nuclear power plants and 
incorporating design features, functional capabilities, and strategies 
to avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of such 
aircraft impacts.
    Paragraph (a) would state that the requirements of this section 
would be applicable to all standard design

[[Page 56297]]

certifications issued after the effective date of the final rule that 
do not reference a standard design approval; standard design approvals 
issued after the effective date of the final rule; combined licenses 
issued after the effective date of the final rule that do not reference 
a standard design certification, standard design approval, or 
manufactured reactor; and manufacturing licenses issued after the 
effective date of the final rule that do not reference a standard 
design certification or standard design approval. A design 
certification rule issued after the effective date of the final 10 CFR 
52.500 rule that does not reference a design approval is subject to the 
requirements of the rule even if its application was filed before the 
effective date of the final 10 CFR 52.500 rule. Similarly, a design 
approval issued after the effective date of the final rule is subject 
to the requirements of the rule even if its application was filed 
before the effective date of the final rule. A combined license issued 
after the effective date of the final 10 CFR 52.500 rule that does not 
reference a design certification, design approval, or manufactured 
reactor would be subject to the requirements of the rule, even if its 
application was filed before the effective date of the final 10 CFR 
52.500 rule. As noted earlier in the section-by-section discussion of 
proposed 10 CFR 52.79(a)(47) of this document, a combined license 
issued after the effective date of the final 10 CFR 52.500 rule 
referencing one of the four current standard design certifications, 
would not be subject to the requirements of proposed 10 CFR 52.500.
    Paragraph (b) would require those applicants subject to proposed 10 
CFR 52.500 to perform a design-specific assessment of the effects on 
the designed facility of the impact of a large, commercial aircraft 
(impact assessment). By ``design-specific,'' the NRC means that the 
impact assessment must address the specific design which is either the 
subject of the standard design certification, standard design approval, 
combined license, or manufacturing license application. The proposed 
rule would require that the design-specific impact assessment be based 
on Commission-specified general aircraft characteristics used to define 
the beyond-design-basis impact of a large, commercial aircraft used for 
long distance flights in the United States, with aviation fuel loading 
typically used in such flights, and an impact speed and angle of impact 
considering the ability of both experienced and inexperienced pilots to 
control large, commercial aircraft at the low altitude representative 
of a nuclear power plant's low profile. Beyond these general 
characteristics, the Commission will specify for plant designers in an 
SGI guidance document more detailed characteristics of the large, 
commercial aircraft to be used in the required assessment. This 
approach is discussed in more detail in Section V.B of the 
Supplementary Information of this document. Because the assessment of 
an aircraft impact is a beyond-design-basis event, the methods and 
acceptance criteria used in the assessment should be based on realistic 
assumptions.
    Paragraph (c) would require the relevant applications to include a 
description and evaluation of the design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies (features, capabilities, and strategies) 
to avoid or mitigate the effects of the aircraft impact that applicants 
must assess under paragraph (b). Design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies could include such things as reinforced 
concrete walls (in the original design, modified, or added); redundancy 
and spatial separation of key systems, structures and components; 
diversity of power supplies; and compartmentalization of interior 
structures. The NRC expects the required assessment to include an 
evaluation of such features, capabilities, and strategies and of 
possible improvements in them. The evaluation of such design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies must include core cooling 
capability, containment integrity, and spent fuel pool integrity.
    The description of the features, capabilities, and strategies 
should be equivalent in detail to descriptions of other design features 
and functional capabilities addressing beyond-design-basis events or 
severe accidents which are required to be described in the design 
certification, design approval, combined license, or manufacturing 
license FSAR. However, the NRC reiterates that the aircraft impact at 
which these features, capabilities, and strategies are directed is not 
a design basis event. Therefore, these features, capabilities, and 
strategies need not meet the ``special treatment'' requirements \3\ 
applicable to safety-related or important to safety structures, 
systems, and components.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ See 10 CFR 50.69(b)(1)(I) through (xi) for a list of NRC's 
``special treatment'' requirements for light water power reactors, 
which would not be applicable to the design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies selected by the applicant in accordance 
with proposed 10 CFR 52.500.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The paragraph (c) evaluation should be a structured process which 
would require consideration of the insights gained by the impact 
assessment performed under proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b) and identify 
features, capabilities, and strategies which are practicable to include 
in the facility design. The evaluation should summarize the bases for 
the applicant's determination that the selected features, capabilities, 
and strategies incorporated into the facility design avoid or mitigate, 
to the extent practicable, the effects of the applicable, beyond-
design-basis aircraft impact, with reduced reliance on operator 
actions. As with the impact assessment, the evaluation would address a 
beyond-design-basis event, and therefore, need not be performed in 
accordance with the NRC's ``special treatment'' requirements, such as 
the quality assurance/quality control requirements in Appendix B of 10 
CFR part 50. The proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) evaluation must be included 
in the FSAR in accordance with 10 CFR 52.47(a)(28), 10 CFR 
52.79(a)(47), 10 CFR 52.137(a)(26), or 10 CFR 52.157(f)(32) and should 
address only those features, capabilities, and strategies selected by 
the applicant for inclusion in the plant design. In addition to 
describing and evaluating the incorporated design and other features, 
the application must describe how such design and other features, avoid 
or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of the impact with 
reduced reliance on operator actions. The NRC intends this standard to 
include those design features, functional capabilities, and strategies 
which are realistically and reasonably feasible from a technical 
engineering perspective. For example, the NRC believes that it may be 
practicable to employ existing technologies currently in use in the 
commercial nuclear power industry or in another industry. However, it 
would not be practicable to introduce a design feature that could have 
adverse safety or security consequences under a different operational 
or accident scenario.
    Inclusion of any SGI in the evaluation submitted in the FSAR as 
part of a relevant application must be in accordance with applicable 
requirements in 10 CFR part 73. The NRC will process and address 
requests for access to this information from the general public in 
accordance with the NRC's existing procedures.

Section 52.502 Control of Changes to FSAR Information

    Paragraph (a) would state that, for standard design certifications 
which are subject to proposed 10 CFR 52.500, generic changes to the 
information

[[Page 56298]]

required by 10 CFR 52.47(a)(28) to be included in the FSAR are governed 
by the applicable requirements of 10 CFR 52.63. A design feature, 
functional capability, or strategy described in a standard design 
certification may not be changed in the design certification except by 
notice and comment rulemaking, see 10 CFR 52.63(a)(1) and (2), and such 
a change must meet one of the criteria in 10 CFR 52.63(a)(1). Any 
generic change to a design certification rule must be implemented by 
all referencing combined licenses, as required by 10 CFR 52.63(a)(3).
    Paragraph (b) would state that, for combined license applicants or 
holders which are not subject to proposed 10 CFR 52.500 but reference a 
standard design certification which is subject to proposed 10 CFR 
52.500, proposed departures from the information required by 10 CFR 
52.47(a)(28) to be included in the FSAR for the standard design 
certification are governed by the change control requirements in the 
applicable design certification rule. A combined license holder 
referencing a standard design certification subject to proposed 10 CFR 
52.500 (i.e., a design certification issued after the effective date of 
the final 10 CFR 52.500), who seeks to depart from the design features, 
functional capabilities, or strategies in the referenced design 
certification, would be governed by a new change control provision that 
the NRC expects to add to future design certification rules to which 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500 would apply. The new change control provision 
would require that, if the licensee changes the information required by 
proposed 10 CFR 52.47(a)(28) to be included in the FSAR for the 
standard design certification, then the licensee shall re-perform that 
portion of the evaluation required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(c) 
addressing the changed feature, capability, or strategy, and describe, 
in the re-evaluation, how the remaining design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.
    Paragraph (c) would state that, for combined licenses which are 
subject to proposed 10 CFR 52.500, if the licensee changes the 
information required by 10 CFR 52.79(a)(47) to be included in the FSAR, 
then the licensee shall re-perform that portion of the evaluation 
required by 10 CFR 52.500(c) addressing the changed feature, 
capability, or strategy, and describe, in the re-evaluation, how the 
modified design features, functional capabilities, and strategies avoid 
or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of the applicable 
aircraft impact with reduced reliance on operator actions. The NRC 
believes that, because this rule is being proposed to address a beyond-
design-basis event, it is appropriate to apply the same standard that 
was applied during the original evaluation of design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies to any licensee-proposed 
changes to such features, capabilities, and strategies.
    Paragraph (d) would state that, for manufacturing licenses which 
are subject to 10 CFR 52.500, generic changes to the information 
required by 10 CFR 52.157(f)(32) to be included in the final safety 
analysis report are governed by the applicable requirements of 10 CFR 
52.171. Paragraph (b)(1) of 10 CFR 52.171 does not allow the holder of 
a manufacturing license to make changes to the design of the nuclear 
power reactor authorized to be manufactured without prior Commission 
approval. Any request for a change to the design must be in the form of 
an application for a license amendment, and must meet the requirements 
of 10 CFR 50.90 and 10 CFR 50.92.
    Paragraph (e) would state that, for combined license applicants or 
holders which are not subject to 10 CFR 52.500 but reference a 
manufactured reactor which is subject to 10 CFR 52.500, proposed 
departures from the information required by 10 CFR 52.157(f)(32) to be 
included in the FSAR for the manufacturing license are governed by the 
applicable requirements in 10 CFR 52.171(b)(2). Paragraph (b)(2) of 10 
CFR 52.171 allows an applicant or licensee who references or uses a 
nuclear power reactor manufactured under a manufacturing license under 
this subpart to request a departure from the design characteristics, 
site parameters, terms and conditions, or approved design of the 
manufactured reactor. The Commission may grant a request only if it 
determines that the departure will comply with the requirements of 10 
CFR 52.7, and that the special circumstances outweigh any decrease in 
safety that may result from the reduction in standardization caused by 
the departure.

VII. Guidance

    The NRC staff is preparing new regulatory guidance on the 
requirements in proposed 10 CFR 52.500. This guidance is intended to 
provide an acceptable method by which relevant applicants can perform 
the assessment of aircraft impacts to meet the requirements of proposed 
10 CFR 52.500. The proposed rule would require that the design-specific 
impact assessment use the Commission-specified general aircraft 
characteristics. A more detailed description of the aircraft 
characteristics that should be used in the assessment will be set forth 
in the regulatory guidance, which will be issued in draft form 
following publication of this proposed rule. Because the portion of 
this regulatory guidance describing the detailed aircraft 
characteristics is likely to contain SGI, that portion of the document 
will only be made available to those individuals with a need-to-know, 
and who are otherwise qualified to have access to SGI. A version of the 
document without the SGI would be made publicly available. Final 
publication of the regulatory guidance is planned to coincide with 
publication of the final rule. The Commission reiterates, however, that 
the commenters on this proposed rule need not await the publication of 
the draft guidance in order to be able to comment on the proposed rule, 
in as much as the rule and the supplementary information in this 
document are sufficient to comment on the substance of the proposed 
rule.

VIII. Specific Request for Comments

    In addition to the general invitation to submit comments on the 
proposed rule, the NRC also requests comments on the following 
questions:
    1. Inclusion of impact assessment in application. The proposed rule 
does not require that the assessment of aircraft impacts that would be 
mandated by proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b) be included in the FSAR or 
otherwise submitted as part of the application for a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, combined license, or 
manufacturing license. However, the NRC is proposing that a description 
of the design features, functional capabilities, and strategies 
credited by the applicant to avoid or mitigate the effects of the 
applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact be included in the FSAR 
submitted with the relevant application. In addition, the FSAR must 
contain an evaluation of how such design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions. The NRC is seeking specific comments on 
the desirability, or lack thereof, of requiring, in the final rule, 
that applicants include the aircraft impact assessment required by 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500(b) in the FSAR or another part of the 
application.
    2. Acceptance criteria. The acceptance criterion contained in 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500 by which the

[[Page 56299]]

NRC may judge the required assessment and evaluation is the 
practicability criterion addressed in paragraph (c), that is, that the 
applicant must describe how the ``design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.'' The NRC is considering adding an 
additional acceptance criterion to proposed 10 CFR 52.500 for judging 
the acceptability of the applicant's aircraft impact assessment and 
evaluation. The NRC is seeking specific comments on the desirability, 
or lack thereof, of adding an additional acceptance criterion in the 
final rule beyond the proposed rule's practicability criterion. Such an 
additional acceptance criterion could read, for example:

    The application must also describe how such design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies will provide reasonable 
assurance that any release of radioactive materials to the 
environment will not produce public exposures exceeding 10 CFR part 
100 guidelines.

    3. Records retention. The proposed rule relies on the general 
record retention requirements in 10 CFR 50.71(c) for retention of the 
assessment required by proposed 10 CFR 52.500 for combined license and 
manufacturing license applicants subject to proposed 10 CFR 52.500. The 
NRC intends to similarly rely on a general design certification rule 
provisions for retention of the assessment required by proposed 10 CFR 
52.500 for design certification applicants and combined license and 
manufacturing license holders that reference a design certification. 
The NRC is requesting specific comments on whether, in lieu of the 
specific design certification rule provisions or reliance on 10 CFR 
50.71(c), the NRC should adopt as part of the final 10 CFR 52.500 
rulemaking a specific provision that would explicitly mandate the 
retention of the assessment. Such a provision, would be included in an 
additional paragraph of final 10 CFR 52.500, and would set forth the 
proposed period of retention. Inclusion of a generic records retention 
requirement in final 10 CFR 52.500 would preclude the need for the NRC 
to include a specific records retention provision in each standard 
design certification subject to final 10 CFR 52.500. The NRC requests 
comments on whether such a provision should be included in final 10 CFR 
52.500, together with specific reasons in support of the commenter's 
position.
    The NRC also requests comments on the appropriate period for 
retention of the assessment, evaluation, and supporting documentation. 
The NRC is considering the following alternatives:
     For a standard design certification, combined license, and 
manufacturing license the period of NRC review prior to NRC final 
action on the application.
     For a standard design certification and manufacturing 
license, the duration of the design certification or manufacturing 
license (i.e., the period during which the design certification or 
manufactured reactor may be referenced, including any renewal).
     For a standard design certification or manufacturing 
license, until the licensee of the final referencing license has 
submitted a certification under 10 CFR 50.82(a), or the final 
referencing license has been terminated.
     For a combined license, when the licensee has submitted a 
certification under 10 CFR 50.82(a), or the combined license has been 
terminated.
    4. Requests to amend existing standard design certifications to 
address aircraft impacts. The NRC has concluded that it does not need 
to apply the proposed rule to the four currently approved standard 
design certifications, as discussed in detail in Section III of the 
Supplementary Information of this document. Nonetheless, the original 
applicant (or successor in interest of any of the four current standard 
design certifications) may request an amendment to the standard design 
certification to add design features, functional capabilities, or 
strategies in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 52.500. The 
NRC encourages such requests for amendment by the applicants for the 
four current standard design certifications because it will further 
enhance the already high levels of safety and security provided by 
these reactor designs. These design modifications may be implemented in 
different ways as described in Section III of the Supplementary 
Information of this document. However, under the proposed rule, there 
are no standards, other than those contained in 10 CFR 52.63(a), for 
judging changes to the design to address the effects of an aircraft 
impact. The NRC requests specific comments on whether it should use the 
same criterion to judge amendments to an existing design certification 
as it would use on a new design certification applicant under the 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500.
    5. Applicability to future 10 CFR part 50 license applicants. The 
NRC is proposing to apply the requirements in proposed 10 CFR 52.500 to 
10 CFR part 52 applicants only, specifically, to applicants for 
standard design certifications issued after the effective date of the 
final rule that do not reference a standard design approval; standard 
design approvals issued after the effective date of the final rule; 
combined licenses issued after the effective date of the final rule 
that do not reference a standard design certification, standard design 
approval, or manufactured reactor; and manufacturing licenses issued 
after the effective date of the final rule that do not reference a 
standard design certification or standard design approval. However, the 
NRC is considering extending the applicability of the proposed 10 CFR 
52.500 requirements to future applicants for construction permits under 
10 CFR part 50. The NRC requests specific comments on the desirability, 
or lack thereof, of extending, to future 10 CFR part 50 construction 
permit applicants, the applicability of the proposed requirements to 
perform an aircraft impact assessment and to evaluate the design 
features, functional capabilities, and strategies to avoid or mitigate, 
to the extent practicable, the effects of the applicable, beyond-
design-basis aircraft impact.
    6. Addition of technical requirements to 10 CFR part 52. In the 
recent revision to 10 CFR part 52, the NRC took a comprehensive 
approach to reorganizing 10 CFR part 52 and making conforming changes 
throughout 10 CFR Chapter I, ``Nuclear Regulatory Commission,'' to 
reflect the licensing and approval processes in 10 CFR part 52. In that 
rulemaking, the NRC reviewed the existing regulations in 10 CFR Chapter 
I to determine if the existing regulations needed to be modified to 
reflect the licensing and approval processes in 10 CFR part 52. In 
making conforming changes involving 10 CFR part 50 provisions, the NRC 
adopted the general principle of keeping the technical requirements in 
10 CFR part 50 and maintaining all applicable procedural requirements 
in 10 CFR part 52. This proposed aircraft impact rule represents a 
departure from that general principle in that it proposes to include 
specific technical requirements in 10 CFR part 52 and would create a 
separate subpart for inclusion of future, similar, technical 
requirements. The NRC is considering relocating the proposed aircraft 
impact requirements from 10 CFR 52.500 to a new section in 10 CFR part 
50 in order to maintain the general principle it established in the 
comprehensive 10 CFR part 52 rulemaking. The NRC requests specific 
comments on the desirability, or lack

[[Page 56300]]

thereof, of relocating the proposed aircraft impact requirements from 
10 CFR 52.500 to a new section in 10 CFR part 50.
    7. Applicability to design approvals and manufacturing licenses. 
The proposed rule would apply to future design approvals or 
manufacturing licenses. In the recent comprehensive rulemaking on 10 
CFR part 52, the NRC strived for a high level of consistency in the 
requirements for design certifications, design approvals, and 
manufacturing licenses, given the similarity in the regulatory 
functions of these three processes. However, it is not clear that there 
will be future design approval applications, in light of the NRC's 
recent determination to remove the design approval as a prerequisite 
for obtaining a design certification. Similarly, there does not appear 
to be any near-term interest in obtaining a manufacturing license for 
the manufacture of a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the NRC is 
considering eliminating the applicability of the proposed 10 CFR 52.500 
requirements to future applicants for design approvals and 
manufacturing licenses. The NRC requests specific comments on the 
desirability, or lack thereof, of eliminating the applicability of the 
proposed 10 CFR 52.500 requirements to future applicants for design 
approvals and manufacturing licenses.
    8. Scope of design evaluated. The proposed 10 CFR 52.500 would be 
applicable to all standard design certifications, standard design 
approvals, and manufacturing licenses issued after the effective date 
of the final rule and to all combined licenses issued after the 
effective date of the final rule that do not reference a standard 
design certification, standard design approval, or manufacturing 
license. However, the proposed rule does not address the difference in 
the scope of the facility design that would be considered by an 
applicant for a standard design certification, standard design 
approval, or manufacturing license and the scope of the design that 
would be considered by a combined license applicant. For a standard 
design certification, standard design approval, or manufacturing 
license, the applicant is required to address only a subset of the 
facility design that a combined license applicant is required to 
address. In general, a design certification, design approval, or 
manufacturing license applicant is required to address such items as 
the reactor core, reactor coolant system, instrumentation and control 
systems, electrical systems, containment system, other engineered 
safety features, auxiliary and emergency systems, power conversion 
systems, radioactive waste handling systems, and fuel handling systems. 
In contrast, a combined license applicant also must address site-
specific design features, such as the ultimate heat sink. Combined 
license applicants that do not reference a design certification, design 
approval, or manufactured reactor could address such site-specific 
design features in their evaluation of design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies to avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions. However, the proposed rule does not 
impose any requirements on a combined license applicant that references 
a design certification, design approval, or manufactured reactor with 
regard to addressing the potential effects of an aircraft impact on 
such site-specific portions of the design. The proposed rule could, 
therefore, introduce an inconsistency in the treatment of combined 
license applicants that reference a design certification, design 
approval, or manufactured reactor and combined license applicants that 
submit a custom design. Therefore, to ensure consistent treatment of 
all combined license applicants, the NRC is considering an alternative 
approach in the final rule. One approach that the NRC is considering is 
to adopt additional requirements for combined license applicants that 
reference a design certification, design approval, or manufactured 
reactor that would require such applicants to evaluate that portion of 
the design excluded from the design certification, design approval, or 
manufactured reactor for additional design features, functional 
capabilities, or strategies to avoid or mitigate, to the extent 
practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with reduced 
reliance on operator actions. Alternatively, the NRC is considering 
limiting the scope of the evaluation for combined license applicants 
not referencing a design certification, design approval, or 
manufactured reactor to that portion of the design that would otherwise 
be covered in a design certification, design approval, or manufacturing 
license application, which would include the majority of the facility 
considered most vulnerable to an aircraft impact. The NRC requests 
specific comments on the desirability, or lack thereof, of adopting one 
of these alternative approaches in the final rule.

IX. Availability of Documents

    The NRC is making the documents identified below available to 
interested persons through one or more of the following methods as 
indicated.
    Public Document Room (PDR). The NRC Public Document Room is located 
at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
    NRC's Electronic Reading Room (ERR). The NRC's public electronic 
reading room is located at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm.html.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Document                         PDR         Web                   ERR (ADAMS)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environmental Assessment.......................          X           X   ML072200262
SRM-SECY-06-0204 (April 24, 2007)..............          X           X   ML071140119
SECY-06-0204, ``Proposed Rulemaking--Security            X           X   ML062300068
 Assessment Requirements for New Nuclear Power
 Reactor Designs'' (September 26, 2006).
NUREG/BR-0184, ``Regulatory Analysis Technical           X   ..........  ML050190193
 Evaluation Handbook'' (January 1997).
NUREG/BR-0058, ``Regulatory Analysis Guidelines          X           X   ML042820192
 of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,''
 Revision 4 (September 2004).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

X. Plain Language

    The Presidential memorandum ``Plain Language in Government 
Writing'' published June 10, 1998 (63 FR 31883) directed that the 
Government's documents be in clear and accessible language. The NRC 
requests comments on the proposed rule specifically with respect to the 
clarity and effectiveness of the language used. Comments should be sent 
to the NRC as explained in the ADDRESSES caption of this notice.

XI. Agreement State Compatibility

    Under the ``Policy Statement on Adequacy and Compatibility of 
Agreement States Programs,'' approved by the Commission on June 20, 
1997, and published in the Federal Register (62 FR 46517; September 3, 
1997), this

[[Page 56301]]

rule is classified as compatibility ``NRC.'' Compatibility is not 
required for Category ``NRC'' regulations. The NRC program elements in 
this category are those that relate directly to areas of regulation 
reserved to the NRC by the Atomic Energy Act or the provisions of 10 
CFR. Although an Agreement State may not adopt program elements 
reserved to the NRC, it may wish to inform its licensees of certain 
requirements via a mechanism that is consistent with the particular 
State's administrative procedure laws. Category ``NRC'' regulations do 
not confer regulatory authority on the State.

XII. Voluntary Consensus Standards

    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995, Pub. 
L. 104-113, requires that Federal agencies use technical standards that 
are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies unless 
using such a standard is inconsistent with applicable law or is 
otherwise impractical. The NRC is not aware of any voluntary consensus 
standard that could be used instead of the proposed Government-unique 
standards. The NRC will consider using a voluntary consensus standard 
if an appropriate standard is identified.

XIII. Finding of No Significant Environmental Impact: Availability

    The NRC has determined under the National Environmental Policy Act 
of 1969, as amended, and the Commission's regulations in subpart A to 
10 CFR part 51, that this rule, if adopted, would not be a major 
Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human 
environment and, therefore, an environmental impact statement is not 
required.
    The determination of this environmental assessment is that there 
will be no significant offsite impact to the public from this action. 
However, the general public should note that the NRC is seeking public 
participation; availability of the environmental assessment is provided 
in Section IX of this document. Comments on any aspect of the 
environmental assessment may be submitted to the NRC as indicated under 
the ADDRESSES heading.
    The NRC has sent a copy of the environmental assessment and this 
proposed rule to every State Liaison Officer and requested their 
comments on the environmental assessment.

XIV. Paperwork Reduction Act Statement

    This proposed rule contains new or amended information collection 
requirements that are subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 
(44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq.). This rule has been submitted to the Office 
of Management and Budget for review and approval of the information 
collection requirements.
    Type of submission, new or revision: Revision.
    The title of the information collection: 10 CFR part 52; 
``Consideration of Aircraft Impacts for New Nuclear Power Reactor 
Designs,'' proposed rule.
    The form number if applicable: N/A.
    How often the collection is required: One time; to be submitted 
with each application for a design certification not referencing a 
design approval, a design approval, a combined license not referencing 
a design certification, design approval, or manufactured reactor; or a 
manufacturing license not referencing a design certification or design 
approval.
    Who will be required or asked to report: Designers and any person 
eligible under the Atomic Energy Act to apply for a design 
certification, design approval, combined license, or manufacturing 
license for a nuclear power plant.
    An estimate of the number of annual responses: 1.
    The estimated number of annual respondents: 1.
    An estimate of the total number of hours needed annually to 
complete the requirement or request: 3,960 hours.
    Abstract: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is proposing 
to amend its regulations to require applicants for new standard design 
certifications that do not reference a standard design approval; new 
standard design approvals; combined licenses that do not reference a 
standard design certification, standard design approval, or 
manufactured reactor; and new manufacturing licenses that do not 
reference a standard design certification or standard design approval 
to assess the effects of the impact of a large, commercial aircraft on 
the nuclear power plant. Based on the insights gained from this 
assessment, the applicant shall include in its application a 
description and evaluation of design features, functional capabilities, 
and strategies to avoid or mitigate the effects of the aircraft impact. 
The evaluation of such design features, functional capabilities, and 
strategies must include core cooling capability, containment integrity, 
and spent fuel pool integrity. The impact of a large, commercial 
aircraft is a beyond-design-basis event, and the NRC's requirements 
applicable to the design, construction, testing, operation, and 
maintenance of design features, functional capabilities, and strategies 
for design basis events would not be applicable to design features, 
functional capabilities, or strategies selected by the applicant solely 
to meet the requirements of this rule. The objective of this rule is to 
require nuclear power plant designers to perform a rigorous assessment 
of design features that could provide additional inherent protection to 
avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of an 
aircraft impact, with reduced reliance on operator actions.
    The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is seeking public comment on 
the potential impact of the information collections contained in the 
proposed rule and on the following issues:
    1. Is the proposed information collection necessary for the proper 
performance of the functions of the NRC, including whether the 
information will have practical utility?
    2. Is the estimate of burden accurate?
    3. Is there a way to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of 
the information to be collected?
    4. How can the burden of the information collection be minimized, 
including the use of automated collection techniques?
    A copy of the OMB clearance package may be viewed free of charge at 
the NRC Public Document Room, One White Flint North, 11555 Rockville 
Pike, Room O-1 F21, Rockville, MD 20852. The OMB clearance package and 
rule are available at the NRC worldwide Web site: http://www.nrc.gov/public-involve/doc-comment/omb/index.html for 60 days after the 
signature date of this document.
    Send comments on any aspect of these proposed information 
collections, including suggestions for reducing the burden and on the 
above issues, by November 2, 2007 to the Records and FOIA/Privacy 
Services Branch (T-5 F52), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 
Washington, DC 20555-0001, or by Internet electronic mail to 
[email protected] and to the Desk Officer, Nathan Frey, Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs, NEOB-10202 (3150-0151), Office of 
Management and Budget, Washington, DC 20503. Comments received after 
this date will be considered if it is practical to do so, but assurance 
of consideration cannot be given to comments received after this date. 
You may also e-mail comments to [email protected] or comment 
by telephone at 202-395-4650.

Public Protection Notification

    The NRC may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to 
respond

[[Page 56302]]

to, a request for information or an information collection requirement 
unless the requesting document displays a currently valid OMB control 
number.

XV. Regulatory Analysis

    The NRC has prepared a regulatory analysis on this proposed rule 
and has included it in this Federal Register document. The analysis 
examines the costs and benefits of the alternatives considered by the 
NRC.

1. Statement of the Problem and Objective

    This proposed rule would amend 10 CFR part 52 to require applicants 
for new standard design certifications that do not reference a standard 
design approval; new standard design approvals; combined licenses that 
do not reference a standard design certification, standard design 
approval, or manufactured reactor; and new manufacturing licenses that 
do not reference a standard design certification or standard design 
approval to assess the effects of the impact of a large, commercial 
aircraft on the nuclear power plant. Based on the insights gained from 
this assessment, the applicant would need to include in its application 
a description and evaluation of design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies to avoid or mitigate the effects of the 
aircraft impact. The objective of this rule is to require nuclear power 
plant designers to perform a rigorous assessment of design features 
that could provide additional inherent protection to avoid or mitigate, 
to the extent practicable, the effects of an aircraft impact, with 
reduced reliance on operator actions.

2. Identification of Regulatory Alternatives

    The only alternative considered was to conduct a rulemaking to 
require applicants to perform an aircraft impact assessment on newly 
designed facilities because the Commission directed the NRC staff in a 
staff requirements memorandum dated April 24, 2007, to so revise the 
regulations. However, the NRC staff considers the no-action alternative 
as the baseline from which to measure the costs and benefits of the 
proposed rule.
    The regulations in 10 CFR part 52 would be amended to require 
applicants for new standard design certifications that do not reference 
a standard design approval; new standard design approvals; combined 
licenses that do not reference a standard design certification, 
standard design approval, or manufactured reactor; and new 
manufacturing licenses that do not reference a standard design 
certification or standard design approval, and those applicants with 
applications pending on the effective date of this rule, (relevant 
applicants) to perform an aircraft impact assessment of the effects on 
the designed facility of the impact of a large, commercial aircraft. 
Based on the insights derived from this assessment, the application 
would need to include a description and evaluation of the design 
features, functional capabilities, and strategies to avoid or mitigate 
the effects of an aircraft impact, addressing core cooling capability, 
containment integrity, and spent fuel pool integrity. The applicant 
would need to describe how such design and other features avoid or 
mitigate, to the extent practicable, the aircraft impact effects with 
reduced reliance on operator actions. The proposed rule would result in 
newly designed power reactor facilities being more inherently robust 
with regard to a potential aircraft impact than if they were designed 
in the absence of this rule.

3. Analysis of Values and Impacts of Proposed Rulemaking

3.1 Identification of Affected Attributes
    The NRC identified the attributes that the proposed regulatory 
action could affect by using the list of potential attributes provided 
in Chapter 5 of NUREG/BR-0184, ``Regulatory Analysis Technical 
Evaluation Handbook,'' issued January 1997. Affected attributes include 
the following:
    Public Health (Accident). The proposed regulatory action would 
reduce the risk that public health will be affected by the release of 
radioactive materials to the environment from the impact of a large, 
commercial aircraft on a nuclear power plant.
    Occupational Health (Accident). The proposed regulatory action 
would reduce the risk that occupational health will be affected by the 
release of radioactive materials to the environment from the impact of 
a large, commercial aircraft on a nuclear power plant.
    Offsite Property. The proposed regulatory action would reduce the 
risk that offsite property will be affected by the release of 
radioactive materials to the environment from the impact of a large, 
commercial aircraft on a nuclear power plant.
    Onsite Property. The proposed regulatory action would reduce the 
risk that onsite property will be affected by the release of 
radioactive materials to the environment from the impact of a large, 
commercial aircraft on a nuclear power plant.
    Industry Implementation. The proposed regulatory action would 
require applicants for new standard design certifications that do not 
reference a standard design approval; new standard design approvals; 
combined licenses that do not reference a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, or manufactured reactor; and 
new manufacturing licenses that do not reference a standard design 
certification or standard design approval to assess the effects of the 
impact of a large, commercial aircraft on the nuclear power plant. 
Based on the insights gained from this assessment, the applicant would 
need to include in its application a description and evaluation of 
design features, functional capabilities, and strategies to avoid or 
mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of an aircraft impact, 
with reduced reliance on operator actions.
    NRC Implementation. Under the proposed regulatory action, the NRC 
would incur costs to develop guidance on performing an aircraft impact 
assessment, to review the actions taken by the applicant based on the 
insights gained from the assessment, and to review the assessment if 
the NRC needs additional information to verify compliance with this 
rule. The NRC would also incur the costs of completing this rulemaking.
    Improvements in Knowledge. The proposed regulatory action would 
improve knowledge by ensuring that applicants for newly designed 
nuclear power facilities perform a rigorous assessment of the effects 
of the impact of a large, commercial aircraft on the designed facility. 
Based on the insights gained from this assessment, the applicant would 
need to include in its application a description and evaluation of the 
design features, functional capabilities, and strategies to avoid or 
mitigate the effects of the aircraft impact, addressing core cooling 
capability, containment integrity, and spent fuel pool integrity. The 
applicant would need to describe how such design and other features 
avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the aircraft impact 
effects with reduced reliance on operator actions.
    Safeguards and Security Considerations. The proposed regulatory 
action to address the capability of newly designed power reactors 
relative to a potential aircraft impact is based both on enhanced 
public health and enhanced safety and common defense and security but 
is not necessary for adequate protection.

[[Page 56303]]

Rather, it would be to enhance the facility's inherent robustness.
3.2 Methodology
    This section describes the process used to evaluate benefits and 
costs associated with the proposed regulatory action. The benefits 
(values) come from any desirable changes in the affected attributes 
which are solely qualitative for the proposed regulatory action; the 
costs (impacts or burdens) come from any undesirable changes in the 
affected attributes (e.g., monetary costs, increased exposures). As 
described in Section 3.1 of this regulatory analysis, the attributes 
expected to be affected include public health (accident), occupational 
health (accident), offsite property, onsite property, industry 
implementation, NRC implementation, improvements in knowledge, and 
safeguards and security considerations.
    Ideally, a cost-benefit analysis quantifies the overall costs and 
benefits of the regulatory options relative to each of these 
attributes. This analysis relies on a qualitative evaluation of several 
of the affected attributes (public health, occupational health, offsite 
property, onsite property, improvements in knowledge, and safeguards 
and security considerations) because of the difficulty in quantifying 
the impact of the current rulemaking. The proposed regulatory action 
would affect these attributes through the associated reduction in the 
risks of aircraft impact damage to core cooling, containment integrity, 
spent fuel pool integrity, and other structures, systems, and 
components.
    The remaining attributes (industry implementation and NRC 
implementation) are evaluated quantitatively. Quantitative analysis 
requires a characterization of the universe, including factors such as 
the number of applicants and the scope of the aircraft impact 
assessment being performed. The NRC analyzed incremental costs and 
benefits of the proposed regulatory action relative to the baseline 
(i.e., the no-action alternative described in Section 2 of this 
regulatory analysis).
    Under OMB guidance and NUREG/BR-0058, ``Regulatory Analysis 
Guidelines of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,'' Revision 4, 
issued September 2004, the results of the cost analysis are presented 
as discounted flows of funds using 3- and 7-percent real discount 
rates.
3.3 Data
    The NRC derived information on the estimated number of applications 
submitted for a new standard design certification that does not 
reference a standard design approval from industry announcements. Given 
the uncertainty in the number of (1) new standard design approvals; (2) 
combined licenses that do not reference a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, or manufactured reactor; and 
(3) new manufacturing licenses that do not reference a standard design 
certification or standard design approval, the NRC staff applied its 
professional judgment in this analysis.
3.4 Assumptions
    The proposed regulatory action would apply only to applications for 
new standard design certifications that do not reference a standard 
design approval; new standard design approvals; combined licenses that 
do not reference a standard design certification, standard design 
approval, or manufactured reactor; and new manufacturing licenses that 
do not reference a standard design certification or standard design 
approval, and those applicants with applications pending on the 
effective date of this rule. It would not apply to (1) a standard 
design certification or combined license issued before the effective 
date of the final rule, (2) the design certification rule, (3) 
Appendices A through D to 10 CFR part 52, or (4) a nuclear power 
reactor with a current operating license.
3.5 Analysis
    For Sections 3.5.1 through 3.5.4, the cost-benefit analysis of the 
proposed regulatory action is based on the assumed number of applicants 
in each category. In each case, industry would incur both 
implementation and operation costs. Furthermore, because all of the 
benefits are measured qualitatively in this analysis, only costs are 
included in these subsections.
    This analysis uses $105 per hour for both NRC and industry staff 
rates. The annual results are derived as present values using the 3- 
and 7-percent discount rates as described in Appendix B to NUREG/BR-
0184.
3.5.1 Standard Design Certification Applications Not Referencing a 
Standard Design Approval
    In implementing the proposed regulatory action, standard design 
certification applicants would incur one-time costs to develop an SGI 
program, purchase an appropriate SGI storage container, perform the 
aircraft impact assessment, and incorporate the design features, 
functional capabilities, or strategies into the design based on the 
insights gained from the assessment. The NRC estimates that each 
applicant would spend 120 hours to develop the SGI program. Using the 
assumed staff rate of $105 per hour, the one-time cost of developing 
the SGI program would be $13,000 per applicant (120 hours x $105/hour). 
The NRC also estimates it would cost $2,500 to purchase an appropriate 
SGI storage container. Finally, the NRC estimates it would take an 
applicant 24 staff-months for a one-time cost of $400,000 (24 staff-
months 4 weeks/month x 40 hours x $105/hour) per application to 
complete the assessment and incorporate the results into the design. 
Thus, the one-time cost for an applicant to implement the proposed 
regulatory action is estimated to be $420,000.
    For the standard design certification process, this analysis 
assumes that three applications would be affected by the proposed rule 
in the first year following promulgation of this rule, and thereafter, 
one application would be submitted every 4 years at years 4, 8, 12, 16, 
and 20. Table 1 shows the discounted flow of funds (using 3- and 7-
percent discount rates) of the total industry implementation costs for 
standard design certification applications over a 20-year period.
    With respect to industry operational costs, there would be 
recordkeeping costs for retention of the assessment, evaluation, and 
supporting documentation. In addition, it is assumed that an applicant 
spends 3 hours per year to maintain the records. The estimated annual 
cost for recordkeeping is $315 per applicant (3 hours x $105/hour). 
However, for this analysis, it is assumed that it takes 4 years for the 
Commission to adopt the application as a final standard design 
certification rule, after which the records are retained by the 
applicant for 15 years as required by the standard design certification 
rule. Table 2 shows the discounted flow of funds of the recordkeeping 
costs (using 3- and 7-percent discount rates) for applications 
submitted over a 20-year period, using the schedule discussed 
previously.

[[Page 56304]]



         Table 1.--Summary of Industry Implementation Costs for Standard Design Certification Applicants
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                       Operating costs
                                                             Number of     -------------------------------------
                          Year                            standard design    Using 7-percent    Using 3-percent
                                                           certification      discount rate      discount rate
                                                            applications         ($1,000)           ($1,000)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1......................................................                  3              1,200              1,200
4......................................................                  1                320                370
8......................................................                  1                240                330
12.....................................................                  1                190                290
16.....................................................                  1                140                260
20.....................................................                  1                110                230
                                                        --------------------------------------------------------
    Total..............................................                  8              2,200              2,680
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                        Table 2.--Summary of Industry Operating Costs for Standard Design
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Implementation costs
                                                           Number of     ---------------------------------------
                        Year *                          standard design     Using 7-percent     Using 3-percent
                                                         certification       discount rate       discount rate
                                                          applications         ($1,000)            ($1,000)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................................                  3                6.6                 10
4....................................................                  1                1.7                  3
8....................................................                  1                1.3                  2.6
12...................................................                  1                1.0                  2.3
16...................................................                  1                0.74                 2.1
20...................................................                  1                0.53                 1.8
                                                      ----------------------------------------------------------
    Total............................................                  8               11.87                21.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Analysis assumes that it takes 4 years for the Commission to adopt the application as a final standard design
  certification rule, after which the records are retained by the applicant for 15 years.

3.5.2 Standard Design Approval Applications
    Under the proposed regulatory action, an applicant for a standard 
design approval would need to comply with the requirements for an 
aircraft impact assessment in 10 CFR 52.500. However, the NRC staff 
concludes that it is unlikely that a request for a standard design 
would be submitted to the NRC for approval during the next 20 years. 
Therefore, no cost-benefit analysis was done for a standard design 
approval.
3.5.3 Combined License Applications Not Referencing a Standard Design 
Certification, Standard Design Approval, or Manufactured Reactor
    Although the NRC concludes that there is a low probability of a 
combined license applicant not referencing a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, or manufactured reactor, this 
analysis assumes that one application would be submitted to the NRC in 
year 10 following promulgation of the rule.
    In implementing the proposed regulatory action, combined license 
applicants would incur one-time costs to develop an SGI program, 
purchase an appropriate SGI storage container, perform the aircraft 
impact assessment, and incorporate the design features, functional 
capabilities, and strategies into the design based on the insights 
gained from the assessment. The NRC estimates that each applicant would 
spend 120 hours to develop the SGI program. Assuming a staff rate of 
$105 per hour, the one-time cost of developing the SGI program would be 
$13,000 per applicant (120 hours x $105/hour). The NRC also estimates 
it would cost $2,500 to purchase an appropriate SGI storage container. 
Finally, the NRC estimates it would take an applicant 24 staff-months 
for a one-time cost of $400,000 (24 staff-months x 4 weeks/month x 40 
hours x $105/hour) per application to complete the assessment and 
incorporate the results into the design. Thus, the one-time cost for an 
applicant to implement the proposed regulatory action is estimated to 
be $420,000. For one application submitted in year 10, following 
promulgation of the rule, the discounted flow of funds of the 
implementation costs are $310,000 and $210,000 using 3- and 7-percent 
discount rates, respectively.
    With respect to industry operational costs, there would be 
recordkeeping costs for retention of the assessment, evaluation, and 
supporting documentation. In addition, it is assumed that an applicant 
spends 3 hours per year to maintain the records. The estimated annual 
cost for recordkeeping is $315 per applicant (3 hours x $105/hour). For 
this analysis, it is assumed that it takes 4 years for the Commission 
to approve the application, after which the records are retained by the 
licensee for 60 years, at which time the Commission terminates the 
facility license. The discounted flow of funds of the recordkeeping 
costs for one application are $5,400 and $1,700 using 3- and 7-percent 
discount rates, respectively.
    The total industry cost is the sum of the implementation and 
operation costs. The implementation cost is the present value of the 
assumed one application ($420,000) which when discounted is $310,000 
(using a 3-percent discount rate) and $210,000 (using a 7-percent 
discount rate). The operating costs are $5,400 and $1,700 using the 3- 
and 7-percent discount rates as shown above. Therefore, the total 
discounted industry costs are $315,400 and $211,700 using 3- and 7-
percent discount rates, respectively.

[[Page 56305]]

3.5.4 Manufacturing License Applications Not Referencing a Standard 
Design Certification or Standard Design Approval
    Although the NRC concludes that there is a low probability of a 
manufacturing license application not referencing a standard design 
certification or standard design approval, this analysis assumes that 
one application would be submitted to the NRC in year 10 following 
promulgation of the rule.
    In implementing the proposed regulatory action, manufacturing 
license applicants would incur one-time costs to develop an SGI 
program, purchase an appropriate SGI storage container, perform the 
aircraft impact assessment, and incorporate the design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies into the design based on the 
insights gained from the assessment. The NRC estimates that each 
applicant would spend 120 hours to develop the SGI program. Assuming a 
staff rate of $105 per hour, the one-time cost of developing the SGI 
program would be $13,000 per applicant (120 hours x $105/hour). The NRC 
also estimates it would cost $2,500 to purchase an appropriate SGI 
storage container. Finally, the NRC estimates it would take an 
applicant 24 staff-months for a one-time cost of $400,000 (24 staff-
months x 4 weeks/month x 40 hours x $105/hour) per application to 
complete the assessment and incorporate the results into the design. 
Thus, the one-time cost for an applicant to implement the proposed 
regulatory action is estimated to be $420,000. For one application 
submitted in year 10, following promulgation of the rule, the 
discounted flow of funds of the implementation costs are $310,000 and 
$210,000 using 3- and 7-percent discount rates, respectively.
    With respect to industry operational costs, there would be 
recordkeeping costs for retention of the assessment, evaluation, and 
supporting documentation. In addition, it is assumed that an applicant 
spends 3 hours per year to maintain the records. The estimated annual 
cost for recordkeeping is $315 per applicant (3 hours x $105/hour). For 
this analysis, it is assumed that it takes 4 years for the Commission 
to approve the application, after which the records are retained by the 
licensee for 15 years, at which time the Commission terminates the 
license. The discounted flow of funds of the recordkeeping costs for 
one application are $3,300 and $2,200 using 3- and 7-percent discount 
rates, respectively.
    The total industry cost is the sum of the implementation and 
operation costs. The implementation cost is the present value of the 
assumed one application ($420,000) which when discounted is $310,000 
(using a 3-percent discount rate) and $210,000 (using a 7-percent 
discount rate). The operating costs are $3,300 and $2,200 using the 3- 
and 7-percent discount rates as shown above. Therefore, the total 
discounted industry costs are $313,300 and $212,200 using 3- and 7-
percent discount rates, respectively.
3.5.5 NRC Implementation
    Cost to Review the Applicant's Results. The NRC would incur costs 
to review the applicant's actions in response to the requirements of 
the proposed rule. The one-time cost to (1) review the actions taken by 
each applicant for a new standard design certification that does not 
reference a standard design approval; a combined license that does not 
reference a standard design certification, standard design approval, or 
manufactured reactor; and a new manufacturing license that does not 
reference a standard design certification or standard design approval, 
and (2) review the assessment if the NRC requires additional 
information to verify compliance with this rule is estimated to be 
$17,000 (1 staff-month x 4 weeks/month x 40 hours x $105/hour).
    As an example, the total NRC cost for the first year of 
implementing the proposed rule is the present value of the costs of 
reviewing three applications for standard design certifications and 
reviewing the assessments at $51,000 for all three applications. This 
corresponds to a net present value of $50,000 (using a 3-percent 
discount rate) and $48,000 (using a 7-percent discount rate).
    Cost to Develop Guidance. The NRC would incur 0.5 full-time 
equivalent (FTE) of staff time to develop guidance to support 
implementation of the proposed regulatory action. The cost for this 
action is estimated to be $76,000 (0.5 FTE at $152,000/FTE).
    Cost to Provide Training. The NRC would incur costs to develop a 
training course to instruct NRC staff on the proposed changes to 10 CFR 
part 52. Assuming that it would take 20 staff-hours to develop the 
training course, the cost is estimated to be $2,100 (20 staff-hours x 
$105/hour). The cost to train 20 people for 2 hours, plus the 
instructor's time of 2 hours is estimated to be $4,400 (21 people x 2 
hours x $105/hour). The total cost to the NRC to provide training for 
the proposed regulatory action is estimated to be $7,000.
    Cost of the Regulatory Action. The NRC would incur 2.2 FTE of staff 
time and $150,000 in contractor support to complete this rulemaking 
after publishing the proposed rule. The cost of this action is 
estimated to be $484,000 (2.2 FTE at $152,000/FTE + $150,000).
    Table 3 shows the discounted flow of funds of the total NRC 
implementation costs for the proposed regulatory action over 20 years.

                                  Table 3.--Summary of NRC Implementation Costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Application                       Implementation costs
                                    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Year                                                         Using 7-percent    Using 3-percent
                                      Number reviewed        Category*        discount rate      discount rate
                                                                                 ($1,000)           ($1,000)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1..................................                  3  DC................                 48                 50
4..................................                  1  DC................                 13                 15
8..................................                  1  DC................                 10                 13
10.................................                  1  COL...............                  9                 13
10.................................                  1  ML................                  9                 13
12.................................                  1  DC................                  8                 12
16.................................                  1  DC................                  6                 11
20.................................                  1  DC................                  4                  9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost to Review All Applications...........................................                107               136
Cost to Develop Guidance..................................................                 76                76
Cost to Provide Training..................................................                  7                 7

[[Page 56306]]

 
Cost of the Regulatory....................................................                484                484
                                    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total (rounded).......................................................                670               700
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* DC = design certification. COL = combined license application. ML = manufacturing license application.

3.5.6 Impacts to Other Stakeholders
    The NRC staff has not identified any impacts to other stakeholders 
or the Agreement States. However, the proposed action would lead to an 
increase in public confidence because nuclear power plant designers 
would perform a rigorous assessment of design and other features that 
could provide additional inherent protection to avoid or mitigate, to 
the extent practicable, the effects of an aircraft impact, with reduced 
reliance on operator actions.
3.5.7 Qualitative Benefits of the Proposed Action
    The benefits of the proposed rule can be evaluated only on a 
qualitative basis. The analysis estimates that the proposed action 
would result in qualitative benefits in public health (accidental), 
occupational health (accidental), offsite property, onsite property, 
improvements in knowledge, and safeguards and security considerations.
    Specifically, the benefits would include improvements in knowledge 
because applicants for new power reactor designs would need to evaluate 
the design features, functional capabilities, and strategies to avoid 
or mitigate the effects of the aircraft impact, addressing core cooling 
capability, containment integrity, and spent fuel pool integrity. If 
the effects are not assessed by facility designers, it would be more 
difficult to enhance the inherent robustness of the facility to avoid 
or mitigate the effects of the aircraft impact. Furthermore, designers 
of new facilities would need to describe how the design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies adopted based on the insights 
of the assessment avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the 
effects of an aircraft impact, with reduced reliance on operator 
actions. In this manner, this proposed rule would result in newly 
designed nuclear power reactor facilities being more inherently robust 
with regard to a potential aircraft impact than if they were designed 
in the absence of this rule.
    In addition, because the impact of a large, commercial aircraft is 
a beyond-design-basis event, this rule would provide an enhanced level 
of protection beyond that which is provided by the existing adequate 
protection requirements, which all operating facilities are required to 
meet, and the proposed adequate protection requirements that facilities 
will be required to meet if they are made final (see Section I of this 
document).

4. Presentation of Results

    Table 4 summarizes the results of the NRC's cost-benefit analysis 
for industry.

      Table 4.--Summary of Total Industry Costs for Proposed Action
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Using 7-percent     Using 3-percent
    Category of application*         discount rate       discount rate
                                       ($1,000)            ($1,000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Implementation Costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DC..............................            2,200                2,680
COL.............................              210                  310
ML..............................              210                  310
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Operating Costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DC..............................               11.87                21.8
COL.............................                1.7                  5.4
ML..............................                2.2                  3.3
                                 ---------------------------------------
    Total (rounded).............            2,600               3,300
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* DC = design certification. COL = combined license application. ML =
  manufacturing license application.

    Table 5 shows the total costs of the proposed regulatory action.

               Table 5.--Summary of Industry and NRC Costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Using 7-percent    Using 3-percent
                                      discount rate      discount rate
                                         ($1,000)           ($1,000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry..........................              2,600              3,300
NRC...............................                670                700
                                   -------------------------------------

[[Page 56307]]

 
    Total (rounded)...............              3,300              4,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Decision Rationale

    The total present-valued costs of this proposed action are $4.0 
million and $3.3 million for 3- and 7-percent discount rates, 
respectively. The benefits are expressed only qualitatively and are 
discussed in Section 3.5.7 of this regulatory analysis. As noted 
previously, the key benefit is improvements in knowledge because 
applicants for new standard design certifications that do not reference 
a standard design approval; new standard design approvals; combined 
licenses that do not reference a standard design certification, 
standard design approval, or manufactured reactor; and new 
manufacturing licenses that do not reference a standard design 
certification or standard design approval would need to assess the 
effects of the impact of a large, commercial aircraft on the nuclear 
power plant. Based on the insights gained from this assessment, nuclear 
power plant designers could provide additional inherent protection to 
avoid or mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of an 
aircraft impact, with reduced reliance on operator actions.

6. Implementation Schedule

    After publication of the proposed rule in the Federal Register and 
consideration and resolution of the public comments, the NRC would 
publish a final rule which would become effective 30 days after 
publication.
    The Commission requests public comments on the draft regulatory 
analysis. Interested persons may submit comments on the draft analysis 
to the NRC as indicated under the ADDRESSES heading.

XVI. Regulatory Flexibility Act Certification

    In accordance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 
605(b)), the Commission certifies that this rule will not, if 
promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a substantial number 
of small entities. This proposed rule affects only the licensing and 
operation of nuclear power plants. The companies that own these plants 
do not fall within the scope of the definition of ``small entities'' 
set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility Act or the size standards 
established by the NRC (10 CFR 2.810).

XVII. Backfit Analysis

    The NRC has determined that neither the backfit rule, 10 CFR 
50.109, nor any of the finality provisions in 10 CFR part 52, apply to 
this proposed rule and, therefore, a backfit analysis is not required, 
because the proposed rule does not contain any provisions that would 
impose backfitting as defined in the backfit rule, nor does it contain 
provisions that would require a finding of compliance or adequate 
protection under the finality provisions in 10 CFR part 52.
    The proposed rule applies only to applicants for a standard design 
certification not referencing a standard design approval; a standard 
design approval; a combined license not referencing a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, manufacture reactor; or a 
manufacturing license not referencing a standard design certification 
or standard design approval that are pending at the time of or 
submitted after the effective date of the final rule. There are no 
existing combined licenses or manufacturing licenses protected by the 
backfitting restrictions in 10 CFR 50.109 or the finality provisions in 
10 CFR part 52. To the extent that the proposed rule would revise the 
requirements for future design certifications, combined licenses, or 
manufacturing licenses the requirements would not constitute 
backfitting or otherwise be inconsistent with the finality provisions 
in 10 CFR part 52, because the requirements are prospective in nature 
and effect. Neither the backfit rule nor the finality provisions in 10 
CFR part 52 were intended to apply to every NRC action which 
substantially changes the expectations of future applicants under 10 
CFR part 52.

List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 52

    Administrative practice and procedure, Antitrust, Backfitting, 
Combined license, Early site permit, Emergency planning, Fees, 
Inspection, Limited work authorization, Nuclear power plants and 
reactors, Probabilistic risk assessment, Prototype, Reactor siting 
criteria, Redress of site, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Standard design, Standard design certification.
    For the reasons set out in the preamble and under the authority of 
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; the Energy Reorganization 
Act of 1974, as amended; and 5 U.S.C. 553, the NRC is proposing to 
adopt the following amendments to 10 CFR part 52.

PART 52--LICENSES, CERTIFICATIONS, AND APPROVALS FOR NUCLEAR POWER 
PLANTS

    1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: Secs. 103, 104, 161, 182, 183, 185, 186, 189, 68 
Stat. 936, 948, 953, 954, 955, 956, as amended, sec. 234, 83 Stat. 
444, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2133, 2201, 2232, 2233, 2235, 2236, 2239, 
2282); secs. 201, 202, 206, 88 Stat. 1242, 1244, 1246, as amended 
(42 U.S.C. 5841, 5842, 5846); sec. 1704, 112 Stat. 2750 (44 U.S.C. 
3504 note).

    2. In Sec.  52.11, paragraph (b) is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  52.11  Information collection requirements: OMB approval.

* * * * *
    (b) The approved information collection requirements contained in 
this part appear in Sec. Sec.  52.7, 52.15, 52.16, 52.17, 52.29, 52.35, 
52.39, 52.45, 52.46, 52.47, 52.57, 52.63, 52.75, 52.77, 52.79, 52.80, 
52.93, 52.99, 52.110, 52.135, 52.136, 52.137, 52.155, 52.156, 52.157, 
52.158, 52.171, 52.177, 52.500, and appendices A, B, C, D, and N of 
part 52.
    3. In Sec.  52.47, paragraph (a)(28) is added to read as follows:


Sec.  52.47  Contents of applications; technical information.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (28) For applications for standard design certifications which are 
subject to 10 CFR 52.500, the information required by 10 CFR 52.500.
* * * * *
    4. In Sec.  52.79, paragraph (a)(47) is added to read as follows:


Sec.  52.79  Contents of applications; technical information in final 
safety analysis report.

    (a) * * *
    (47) For applications for combined licenses which are subject to 10 
CFR 52.500, the information required by 10 CFR 52.500.
* * * * *

[[Page 56308]]

    5. In Sec.  52.137, paragraph (a)(26) is added to read as follows:


Sec.  52.137  Contents of applications; technical information.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (26) For applications for standard design approvals which are 
subject to 10 CFR 52.500, the information required by 10 CFR 52.500.
* * * * *
    6. In Sec.  52.157, paragraph (f)(32) is added to read as follows:


Sec.  52.157  Contents of applications; technical information in final 
safety analysis report.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (32) For applications for manufacturing licenses which are subject 
to 10 CFR 52.500, the information required by 10 CFR 52.500.
    7. In Sec.  52.303, paragraph (b) is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  52.303  Criminal penalties.

* * * * *
    (b) The regulations in part 52 that are not issued under Sections 
161b, 161i, or 161o for the purposes of Section 223 are as follows: 
Sec. Sec.  52.0, 52.1, 52.2, 52.3, 52.7, 52.8, 52.9, 52.10, 52.11, 
52.12, 52.13, 52.15, 52.16, 52.17, 52.18, 52.21, 52.23, 52.24, 52.27, 
52.28, 52.29, 52.31, 52.33, 52.39, 52.41, 52.43, 52.45, 52.46, 52.47, 
52.48, 52.51, 52.53, 52.54, 52.55, 52.57, 52.59, 52.61, 52.63, 52.71, 
52.73, 52.75, 52.77, 52.79, 52.80, 52.81, 52.83, 52.85, 52.87, 52.93, 
52.97, 52.98, 52.103, 52.104, 52.105, 52.107, 52.109, 52.131, 52.133, 
52.135, 52.136, 52.137, 52.139, 52.141, 52.143, 52.145, 52.147, 52.151, 
52.153, 52.155, 52.156, 52.157, 52.158, 52.159, 52.161, 52.163, 52.165, 
52.167, 52.171, 52.173, 52.175, 52.177, 52.179, 52.181, 52.301, 52.303, 
52.500, and 52.502.
    8. A new subpart K--Additional Requirements and Sec.  52.500 are 
added to read as follows:

Subpart K--Additional Requirements

Sec.
52.500 Aircraft impact assessment.
52.502 Control of changes to FSAR information.

Subpart K--Additional Requirements


Sec.  52.500  Aircraft impact assessment.

    (a) The requirements of this section apply to all standard design 
certifications issued after [EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE] that do not 
reference a standard design approval; standard design approvals issued 
after [EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE]; combined licenses issued after 
[EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE] that do not reference a standard design 
certification, standard design approval, or manufactured reactor; and 
manufacturing licenses issued after [EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE] that 
do not reference a standard design certification or standard design 
approval.
    (b) Each applicant for a standard design certification not 
referencing a standard design approval; a standard design approval; a 
combined license not referencing a standard design certification, 
standard design approval, manufacture reactor; or a manufacturing 
license not referencing a standard design certification or standard 
design approval shall perform a design-specific assessment of the 
effects on the designed facility of the impact of a large, commercial 
aircraft. Such assessment must be based on the Commission's specified 
aircraft characteristics used to define the beyond-design-basis impact 
of a large, commercial aircraft used for long distance flights in the 
United States, with aviation fuel loading typically used in such 
flights, and an impact speed and angle of impact considering the 
ability of both experienced and inexperienced pilots to control large, 
commercial aircraft at the low altitude representative of a nuclear 
power plant's low profile.
    (c) Based upon the insights gained from the aircraft impact 
assessment as stated in paragraph (b) of this section, the application 
must include a description and evaluation of the design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies to avoid or mitigate the 
effects of the applicable, beyond-design-basis aircraft impact. The 
evaluation of such design features, functional capabilities, and 
strategies must include core cooling capability, containment integrity, 
and spent fuel pool integrity. The application must describe how such 
design features, functional capabilities, and strategies avoid or 
mitigate, to the extent practicable, the effects of the applicable 
aircraft impact with reduced reliance on operator actions.


Sec.  52.502  Control of changes to FSAR information.

    (a) For standard design certifications which are subject to 10 CFR 
52.500, generic changes to the information required by 10 CFR 
52.47(a)(28) to be included in the final safety analysis report are 
governed by the applicable requirements of 10 CFR 52.63.
    (b) For combined license applicants or holders which are not 
subject to 10 CFR 52.500 but reference a standard design certification 
which is subject to 10 CFR 52.500, proposed departures from the 
information required by 10 CFR 52.47(a)(28) to be included in the final 
safety analysis report for the standard design certification are 
governed by the change control requirements in the applicable design 
certification rule.
    (c) For combined licenses which are subject to 10 CFR 52.500, if 
the licensee changes the information required by 10 CFR 52.79(a)(47) to 
be included in the final safety analysis report, then the licensee 
shall re-perform that portion of the evaluation required by 10 CFR 
52.500(c) addressing the changed feature, capability, or strategy, and 
describe, in the re-evaluation, how the modified design features, 
functional capabilities, and strategies avoid or mitigate, to the 
extent practicable, the effects of the applicable aircraft impact with 
reduced reliance on operator actions.
    (d) For manufacturing licenses which are subject to 10 CFR 52.500, 
generic changes to the information required by 10 CFR 52.157(f)(32) to 
be included in the final safety analysis report are governed by the 
applicable requirements of 10 CFR 52.171.
    (e) For combined license applicants or holders which are not 
subject to 10 CFR 52.500 but reference a manufactured reactor which is 
subject to 10 CFR 52.500, proposed departures from the information 
required by 10 CFR 52.157(f)(32) to be included in the final safety 
analysis report for the manufacturing license are governed by the 
applicable requirements in 10 CFR 52.171(b)(2).

    Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 27th day of September 2007.
    For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Annette L. Vietti-Cook,
Secretary of the Commission.
[FR Doc. 07-4886 Filed 10-2-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590-01-P