[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 122 (Tuesday, June 26, 2007)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 35118-35136]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-12301]



[[Page 35117]]

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Part III





Securities and Exchange Commission





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17 CFR Part 239



Revisions to the Eligibility Requirements for Primary Securities 
Offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 122 / Tuesday, June 26, 2007 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 35118]]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

17 CFR Part 239

[Release No. 33-8812; File No. S7-10-07]
RIN 3235-AJ89


Revisions to the Eligibility Requirements for Primary Securities 
Offerings on Forms S-3 And F-3

AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: We are proposing to amend the eligibility requirements of Form 
S-3 and Form F-3 to allow domestic and foreign private issuers to 
conduct primary securities offerings on these forms without regard to 
the size of their public float or the rating of debt they are offering, 
so long as they satisfy the other eligibility conditions of the 
respective form and do not sell more than the equivalent of 20% of 
their public float in primary offerings pursuant to the new 
instructions on these forms over any period of 12 calendar months. The 
amendments are intended to allow more companies to benefit from the 
greater flexibility and efficiency in accessing the public securities 
markets afforded by Form S-3 and Form F-3 without compromising investor 
protection. The proposal would not extend to shell companies, however, 
which would be prohibited from using Form S-3 and Form F-3 for primary 
offerings until 12 calendar months after they cease being shell 
companies.

DATES: Comments should be received on or before August 27, 2007.

ADDRESSES: Comments may be submitted by any of the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's Internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed.shtml);
     Send an e-mail to [email protected]. Please include 
File Number S7-10-07 on the subject line; or
     Use the Federal Rulemaking Portal (http://www.regulations.gov). Follow the instructions for submitting comments.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Nancy M. Morris, 
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE., 
Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number S7-10-07. This file number 
should be included on the subject line if e-mail is used. To help us 
process and review your comments more efficiently, please use only one 
method. The Commission will post all comments on the Commission's 
Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed.shtml). Comments 
are also available for public inspection and copying in the 
Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 
20549. All comments received will be posted without change; we do not 
edit personal identifying information from submissions. You should 
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Daniel Greenspan, at (202) 551-3430, 
in the Division of Corporation Finance, U.S. Securities and Exchange 
Commission, 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549-3010.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We are proposing to amend Form S-3 \1\ and 
Form F-3 \2\ under the Securities Act of 1933.\3\
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    \1\ 17 CFR 239.13.
    \2\ 17 CFR 239.33.
    \3\ 15 U.S.C. 77a et seq.
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Table of Contents

I. Discussion
    A. Background
    1. Form S-3
    2. 1992 Amendments to Form S-3
    3. Advisory Committee on Smaller Public Companies
    4. Reasons for Proposal
    B. Proposed Revisions to Form S-3
    C. Proposed Revisions to Form F-3
    D. Request for Comment
II. Paperwork Reduction Act
    A. Background
    B. Summary of Information Collections
    C. Paperwork Reduction Act Burden Estimates
    D. Request for Comment
III. Cost-Benefit Analysis
    A. Summary of Proposals
    B. Benefits
    C. Costs
    D. Request for Comment
IV. Consideration of Burden on Competition and Promotion of 
Efficiency, Competition and Capital Formation
V. Initial Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis
    A. Reasons for the Proposed Action
    B. Objectives
    C. Legal Basis
    D. Small Entities Subject to the Proposed Amendments
    E. Reporting, Recordkeeping and Other Compliance Requirements
    F. Duplicative, Overlapping or Conflicting Federal Rules
    G. Significant Alternatives
    H. Solicitation of Comment
VI. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
VII. Statutory Authority and Text of the Amendments

I. Discussion

 A. Background

1. Form S-3
    Form S-3 is the ``short form'' used by eligible domestic companies 
to register securities offerings under the Securities Act of 1933. The 
form also allows these companies to rely on their reports filed under 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 \4\ to satisfy the form's 
disclosure requirements. Although there have been amendments to Form S-
3 since it was first adopted in 1982,\5\ the basic framework still 
remains. To use Form S-3, a company must meet the form's registrant 
requirements,\6\ which generally pertain to reporting history under the 
Exchange Act,\7\ as well as at least one of the form's transaction 
requirements.\8\ These transaction requirements provide that companies 
may register primary offerings (that is, securities offered by or on 
behalf of the registrant for its own account) on Form S-3 only if their 
non-affiliate equity market capitalization, or ``public float,'' is a 
certain size.\9\ Transactions involving primary offerings of non-
convertible investment grade securities; certain rights offerings, 
dividend reinvestment plans and conversions; and offerings by selling 
shareholders of securities registered on a national securities exchange 
do not require that the company has a minimum public float.\10\
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    \4\ 15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.
    \5\ Most notably, the Commission adopted a set of comprehensive 
amendments in 2005 known as ``Securities Offering Reform.'' See 
Securities Offering Reform, Release No. 33-8591 (Jul. 19, 2005) (70 
FR 44722). See also Simplification of Registration Procedures for 
Primary Securities Offerings, Release No. 33-6964 (Oct. 22, 1992) 
[57 FR 48970], which is discussed further at n. 12.
    \6\ See General Instruction I.A. of Form S-3.
    \7\ For example, the form is available only to issuers that have 
complied with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for at 
least one year. However, issuers of investment grade asset-backed 
securities do not need to have a reporting history. See General 
Instruction I.A.4. of Form S-3.
    \8\ See General Instruction I.B. of Form S-3.
    \9\ General Instruction I.B.1. of Form S-3.
    \10\ See General Instructions I.B.2. through I.B.4. of Form S-3.
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2. 1992 Amendments to Form S-3
    As originally adopted, the ``public float'' requirement for 
companies eligible to use Form S-3 to register primary offerings was 
$150 million.\11\ In 1992, the Commission reduced the minimum float 
threshold to the current $75 million, based on its analysis of the 
trading markets and market following of registrants in various 
capitalization

[[Page 35119]]

ranges.\12\ When it reduced the required public float to $75 million, 
the Commission stated that a large majority of the companies that would 
become eligible to use Form S-3 for primary offerings as a result of 
the reduction in required float had securities traded on either a 
national securities exchange or authorized for inclusion on the NASDAQ 
National Market System \13\ and that approximately two-thirds of the 
companies were followed by at least three research analysts.\14\ This, 
combined with the success of the 10-year-old integrated disclosure 
system and shelf registration process, persuaded the Commission that it 
could extend the benefits of Form S-3 for primary offerings to a larger 
class of issuers without compromising the investing public's access to 
sufficient and timely information about such issuers.\15\
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    \11\ Adoption of Integrated Disclosure System, Release No. 33-
6383 (Mar. 3, 1982) [47 FR 11380].
    \12\ Release No. 33-6964. In that release, the Commission 
estimated that, as a result of the reduction in required float, 450 
additional companies with an aggregate float of $88 billion would be 
eligible to register primary offerings of their securities on Form 
S-3. This is compared to the Commission's estimate, in Release No. 
33-6943, of 370 companies that registered approximately $200 billion 
of securities on Form S-3 for delayed primary shelf offerings during 
calendar year 1991.
    As part of this rulemaking, the Commission also reduced the 
reporting history necessary to register on Form S-3 from 36 to 12 
months for most issuers and eliminated the alternative eligibility 
test for primary offerings requiring registrants to have a public 
float of at least $100 million and an annual trading volume of at 
least 3 million shares.
    \13\ There is no longer a distinction between Nasdaq and 
national securities exchanges. On January 13, 2006, the Commission 
approved Nasdaq's application for conversion from a national 
securities association to a national securities exchange. The NASDAQ 
Stock Market commenced operations on August 1, 2006.
    \14\ Simplification of Registration Procedures for Primary 
Securities Offerings, Release No. 33-6943 (July 16, 1992) [57 FR 
32461], at p. 6. In this discussion, the Commission stated that 
``one indicia of market interest and following of a company is the 
number of research analysts covering the company.''
    \15\ Id.
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3. Advisory Committee on Smaller Public Companies
    Recently, the issue of Form S-3 eligibility for primary offerings 
was addressed by the Commission's Advisory Committee on Smaller Public 
Companies (the ``Advisory Committee''), an advisory committee chartered 
by the Commission in 2005 to assess the current regulatory system for 
smaller companies under U.S. securities laws.\16\ In its April 23, 2006 
Final Report to the Commission, the Advisory Committee recommended that 
we allow all reporting companies listed on a national securities 
exchange, NASDAQ or trading on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board 
electronic quotation service to be eligible to use Form S-3 if they 
have been reporting under the Exchange Act for at least one year and 
are current in their reporting at the time of filing.\17\ The Advisory 
Committee noted that many smaller public companies currently are not 
eligible to use Form S-3 to register primary offerings because they do 
not meet the minimum public float requirement and are, therefore, not 
able to take advantage of the efficiencies associated with the use of 
the form. As a consequence, the Advisory Committee argued that this 
restriction placed limits on the ability of such companies to raise 
capital. The Advisory Committee also expressed its view that the 
reporting obligations of smaller public companies, combined with the 
widespread accessibility over the Internet of documents filed with the 
Commission, have lessened the need to retain the public float standard 
in Form S-3. In the Advisory Committee's view, the Exchange Act 
reporting obligations of smaller public companies are comparable today 
to even the largest reporting companies and, therefore, compliance with 
these disclosure requirements ``should be sufficient to protect 
investors and inform the marketplace about developments in these 
companies.'' \18\
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    \16\ More information about the Advisory Committee is available 
at http://www.sec.gov/info/smallbus/acspc.shtml.
    \17\ Recommendation IV.P.3. of the Final Report of the Advisory 
Committee on Smaller Public Companies (Apr. 23, 2006) (the ``Final 
Report''), at 68-72. The Final Report is available at http://www.sec.gov/info/smallbus/acspc/acspc-finalreport.pdf. In addition 
to elimination of the public float requirement, Recommendation 
IV.P.3. also called for (1) Elimination of General Instruction 
I.A.3.(b) to Form S-3 requiring that the issuer has timely filed all 
required reports in the last year and (2) extending Form S-3 
eligibility for secondary transactions to issuers quoted on the 
Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board.
    \18\ The Final Report, at 69. The Advisory Committee also noted:
    The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has required more frequent SEC review of 
periodic reports as well as enhanced processes, such as disclosure 
controls and procedures and certifications by the chief executive 
and chief financial officers, which further enhance investor 
protection.
    Id. at 70.
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4. Reasons for Proposal
    The ability to conduct primary offerings on Form S-3 confers 
significant advantages on eligible companies. Form S-3 permits the 
incorporation of required information by reference to a company's 
disclosure in its Exchange Act filings, including Exchange Act reports 
that were previously filed as well as those that will be filed in the 
future.\19\ The ability of Form S-3 registrants to incorporate their 
subsequently filed Exchange Act reports, often called ``forward 
incorporation,'' allows for automatic updating of the registration 
statement. By contrast, a registrant without the ability to forward 
incorporate \20\ must file a new registration statement or post-
effective amendment to its registration statement to prevent 
information in the registration statement from becoming outdated and to 
update for fundamental changes to the information set forth in the 
registration statement.\21\
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    \19\ See Item 12 of Form S-3: ``Incorporation of Certain 
Information by Reference.''
    \20\ For example, Forms S-1 and SB-2 do not allow registrants to 
forward incorporate their Exchange Act filings.
    \21\ See Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (requiring that 
the information contained in a prospectus used more than nine months 
after the effective date be as of a date not more than sixteen 
months prior to the effective date) and Item 512(a)(1)(i) and (ii) 
of Regulation S-K (requiring the inclusion by the company of an 
undertaking to file a post-effective amendment to comply with 
Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act and to reflect the occurrence 
of facts or events arising after the effective date that, 
individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in 
the information set forth in the registration statement).
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    Form S-3 eligibility for primary offerings also enables companies 
to conduct primary offerings ``off the shelf'' under Rule 415 of the 
Securities Act.\22\ Rule 415 provides considerable flexibility in 
accessing the public securities markets from time to time in response 
to changes in the market and other factors. Companies that are eligible 
to register these primary ``shelf'' offerings under Rule 415 are 
permitted to register securities offerings prior to planning any 
specific offering and, once the registration statement is effective, 
offer securities in one or more tranches without waiting for further 
Commission action. In general, post-effective amendments and new 
registration statements may be subject to selective review by the 
Commission staff and must be declared effective by the Commission or 
our staff through delegated authority before the registration statement 
may be used again to offer and sell securities.\23\ The shelf 
eligibility resulting from Form S-3 eligibility and the ability to 
forward incorporate on Form S-3, therefore, allow companies to avoid 
additional

[[Page 35120]]

delays and interruptions in the offering process and can reduce or even 
eliminate the costs associated with preparing and filing post-effective 
amendments to the registration statement.
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    \22\ Rule 415 [17 CFR 230.415] provides that:
    (a) Securities may be registered for an offering to be made on a 
continuous or delayed basis in the future, Provided, That:
    (1) The registration statement pertains only to: * * *
    (x) Securities registered (or qualified to be registered) on 
Form S-3 or Form F-3 which are to be offered and sold on an 
immediate, continuous or delayed basis by or on behalf of the 
registrant, a majority owned subsidiary of the registrant or a 
person of which the registrant is a majority-owned subsidiary.
    \23\ See Section 8(c) of the Securities Act.
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    By having more control over the timing of their offerings, these 
companies can take advantage of desirable market conditions, thus 
allowing them to raise capital on more favorable terms (such as 
pricing) or to obtain lower interest rates on debt. As a result, the 
ability to take securities off the shelf as needed gives issuers a 
significant financing alternative to other widely available methods, 
such as private placements with shares usually priced at discounted 
values based in part on their relative illiquidity.\24\
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    \24\ See, for example, Susan Chaplinsky and David Haushalter, 
Financing Under Extreme Uncertainty: Contract Terms and Returns to 
Private Investments in Public Equity (May 2006), available at: 
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=907676 
(discussing the typical contractual terms of PIPEs (Private 
Investments in Public Equities) financings, where the average 
purchase discount is between 18.5% to 19.7%, depending on the types 
of contractual rights embedded in the securities).
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    Registration of an offering on Form S-1, the form available to many 
companies ineligible to use Form S-3, permits certain issuers \25\ to 
incorporate by reference previously filed Exchange Act reports, but it 
does not permit registrants to automatically update information in the 
prospectus by forward incorporation of their Exchange Act filings. 
Further, issuers filing registration statements on Form S-1 because 
they are not eligible to file on Form S-3 are not permitted to register 
primary shelf offerings under Rule 415. Thus, it is harder for Form S-1 
registrants to take advantage of favorable market opportunities. 
Consequently, we believe that extending Form S-3 short-form 
registration to additional issuers should enhance their ability to 
access the public securities markets.
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    \25\ See General Instruction VII. to Form S-1, ``Eligibility to 
Use Incorporation by Reference,'' for the criteria that registrants 
on Form S-1 must meet in order to incorporate information by 
reference.
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    Given the great advances in the electronic dissemination and 
accessibility of company disclosure transmitted over the Internet over 
the last several years,\26\ we believe that expanding the class of 
companies that are permitted to use Form S-3 for primary securities 
offerings is once again warranted. In contrast to 1992, when the 
Commission last adjusted the issuer eligibility requirements for Form 
S-3,\27\ all filings on Form S-3 now are filed on the Commission's 
Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (``EDGAR'') 
and, therefore, are available at little or no cost to anyone interested 
in obtaining the information. While we believe that retaining some 
restrictions on Form S-3 eligibility is still advisable, we 
nevertheless agree with the Advisory Committee that more companies 
should benefit from the greater flexibility and efficiency in accessing 
the capital markets afforded by Form S-3. Accordingly, we are proposing 
to amend the Form S-3 eligibility requirements to permit registrants 
other than shell companies to use Form S-3 for primary offerings, 
whether or not they satisfy the minimum $75 million float threshold, so 
long as they stay within certain offering size limitations and 
otherwise satisfy the eligibility requirements of the form, such as 
timely Exchange Act reporting for at least the prior year.
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    \26\ See, for example, Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, 
Release No. 34-52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74597] and the Final 
Report of the Advisory Committee, at 69:
    The Commission has recently taken several steps acknowledging 
the widespread accessibility over the Internet of documents filed 
with the Commission. In its recent release concerning Internet 
delivery of proxy materials, the Commission notes that recent data 
indicates that up to 75% of Americans have access to the Internet in 
their homes, and that this percentage is increasing steadily among 
all age groups. As a result we believe that investor protection 
would not be materially diminished if all reporting companies on a 
national securities exchange, NASDAQ or the Over-the-Counter 
Bulletin Board were permitted to utilize Form S-3 and the associated 
benefits of incorporation by reference.
    \27\ See Release No. 33-6964.
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B. Proposed Revisions to Form S-3

    Specifically, we are proposing new General Instruction I.B.6. to 
Form S-3 to allow companies with less than $75 million in public float 
to register primary offerings of their securities on Form S-3,\28\ 
provided:
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    \28\ As mentioned in n. 17 above, as part of Recommendation 
IV.P.3 of the Final Report, the Advisory Committee also recommended 
that the Commission extend S-3 eligibility for secondary 
transactions to issuers quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin 
Board. General Instruction I.B.3. to Form S-3 limits the use of the 
form for secondary offerings to securities ``listed and registered 
on a national securities exchange or * * * quoted on the automated 
quotation system of a national securities association,'' a 
restriction that excludes the securities of Over-the-Counter 
Bulletin Board and Pink Sheet issuers. Notwithstanding the Advisory 
Committee's recommendation, we are not at this time proposing to 
amend the Form S-3 eligibility rules for secondary offerings because 
of the potential for abusive primary offerings disguised as 
secondary offerings. As such, this rulemaking proposal pertains only 
to Form S-3 eligibility for primary securities offerings and is not 
intended to encompass or otherwise impact existing requirements for 
secondary offerings on Form S-3. In this regard, we also are not 
revising the interpretive positions on secondary offering 
eligibility under General Instruction I.B.3.
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     They meet the other registrant eligibility conditions for 
the use of Form S-3; \29\
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    \29\ See General Instruction I.A. of Form S-3. Among other 
things, General Instruction I.A. requires that the registrant:
     Has a class of securities registered pursuant to 
Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act or is required to file 
reports pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and
     Has been subject to the requirements of Section 12 or 
15(d) of the Exchange Act and has filed in a timely manner all the 
material required to be filed pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) 
for a period of at least twelve calendar months immediately 
preceding the filing of the Form S-3 registration statement.
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     They are not shell companies \30\ and have not been shell 
companies for at least 12 calendar months before filing the 
registration statement; and
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    \30\ The term ``shell company'' is defined in Rule 405 of the 
Securities Act [17 CFR 230.405]. See also Use of Form S-8, Form 8-K, 
and Form 20-F by Shell Companies, Release No. 33-8587 (July 15, 
2005) [70 FR 42233] (adopting definition of shell company).
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     They do not sell more than the equivalent of 20% of their 
public float in primary offerings under General Instruction I.B.6. of 
Form S-3 over any period of 12 calendar months.\31\
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    \31\ The meaning of the phrase ``period of 12 calendar months'' 
is intended to be consistent with the way in which the phrase ``12 
calendar months'' is used for purposes of the registrant eligibility 
requirements in Form S-3. A ``calendar month'' is a month beginning 
on the first day of the month and ending on the last day of that 
month. For example, for purposes of Form S-3 registrant eligibility, 
if a registrant were not timely on a Form 10-Q due on September 15, 
2006, but was timely thereafter, it would first be eligible to use 
Form S-3 on October 1, 2007. Similarly, for purposes of proposed 
General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3, if a registrant relies on 
this Instruction to conduct a shelf takedown equivalent to 20% of 
its public float on September 15, 2007, it will next be eligible to 
do another takedown (assuming no change in its float) on October 1, 
2008.
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    As a result, even companies not traded on a national securities 
exchange could potentially avail themselves of this new eligibility 
rule so long as they were able to satisfy the registrant eligibility 
requirements provided in General Instruction I.A.\32\ This would 
include companies quoted on the Over-the-Counter-Bulletin Board and 
Pink Sheets quotation services. We note that the Over-the-Counter-
Bulletin Board requires quoted issuers to be registered

[[Page 35121]]

under Section 12 of the Exchange Act \33\ and filing Exchange Act 
reports or otherwise filing periodic reports with the appropriate 
regulatory agency. Moreover, we have built into our proposed rule the 
condition that an eligible company must be required to file Exchange 
Act reports and has timely filed all such reports for the 12 calendar 
months and any portion of a month preceding the filing of the 
registration statement.
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    \32\ Form S-3 eligibility under proposed General Instruction 
I.B.6 and Form F-3 eligibility under proposed General Instruction 
I.B.5. is not intended to have broader implications under our rules 
beyond an issuer's ability to conduct a primary offering on Form S-3 
or Form F-3, as applicable. That is, an issuer's eligibility to use 
Form S-3 or Form F-3 under those proposed additional form 
instructions does not mean that the issuer meets the requirements of 
Form S-3 or Form F-3 for purposes of any other rule or regulation of 
the Commission (apart from Rule 415(a)(1)(x), which pertains to 
shelf registration). See Instruction 6 to proposed General 
Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 and Instruction 6 to proposed General 
Instruction I.B.5. of Form F-3.
    \33\ 15 U.S.C. 78l.
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    To ascertain the amount of securities that may be sold pursuant to 
Form S-3 by registrants with a public float below $75 million, the 
proposal contemplates a two-step process:
     Determination of the registrant's public float immediately 
prior to the intended sale; and
     Aggregation of all sales of the registrant's securities 
pursuant to primary offerings under General Instruction I.B.6. of Form 
S-3 in the previous 12-month period (including the intended sale) to 
determine whether the 20% limitation would be exceeded.
    The proposal would require registrants to compute their public 
float by reference to the price at which their common equity was last 
sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of their common 
equity, in the principal market for the common equity as of a date 
within 60 days prior to the date of sale.\34\ Then, for purposes of 
calculating the aggregate market value of securities sold during the 
preceding period of 12 calendar months, the proposal would require that 
registrants add together the gross sales price for all primary 
offerings pursuant to proposed Instruction I.B.6. to Form S-3 during 
the preceding period of 12 calendar months. Based on that calculation, 
registrants would be permitted to sell securities with a value up to, 
but not greater than, the difference between 20% of their public float 
and the value of securities sold in primary offerings on Form S-3 under 
proposed Instruction I.B.6. in the prior period of 12 calendar 
months.\35\ We have placed the cap of 20% in order to allow an offering 
that is large enough to help an issuer meet its financing needs when 
market opportunities arise but small enough to take into account the 
effect such new issuance may have on the market for a thinly traded 
security.
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    \34\ The determination of public float is based on a public 
trading market for the registrant's common equity. This is the same 
requirement in General Instruction I.B.1. of Form S-3 and Form F-3 
that a registrant have a $75 million market value and in the 
definition of accelerated filer in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 [17 CFR 
240.12b2]. Therefore, an entity with common equity securities 
outstanding but not trading in any public trading market would not 
be entitled to sell securities in a primary offering on Form S-3 
under this proposal. Note that the determination of public float for 
purposes of form eligibility in current General Instruction I.B.1 of 
Form S-3 is based on the price of the registrant's common equity 
within 60 days prior to the date of filing the registration 
statement. The determination of ``aggregate market value'' for 
purposes of determining an issuer's status as an accelerated filer 
under Rule 12b-2 is based on the market price of the issuer's equity 
as of the last business day of the issuer's most recently completed 
second fiscal quarter.
    \35\ As proposed, the method of calculating the 20% limit on 
sales is the same whether the registrant is selling equity or debt 
securities, or a combination of both. If the proposed 20% limitation 
excluded debt, there is some concern that we would be inadvertently 
encouraging issuances of debt securities over equity. Because we do 
not intend for the rule to dictate or otherwise influence the 
overall form of security that companies offer, we have drafted the 
20% limit on sales to include both equity and debt.
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    This aggregate gross sales price includes the sales of equity as 
well as debt offerings. Therefore, these registrants would now be 
eligible to offer non-investment grade debt on Form S-3.\36\ In the 
case of securities that are convertible into or exercisable for equity 
shares, such as convertible debt or warrants, however, we are proposing 
that registrants calculate the amount of securities they may sell in 
any period of 12 calendar months by reference to the aggregate market 
value of the underlying equity shares in lieu of the market value of 
the convertible securities. The aggregate market value of the 
underlying equity would be based on the maximum number of shares into 
which the securities sold in the prior period of 12 calendar months are 
convertible as of a date within 60 days prior to the date of sale, 
multiplied by the same per share market price of the registrant's 
equity used for purposes of calculating its public float pursuant to 
Instruction 1 to proposed General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3. We 
believe calculating the 20% cap based on the market value of the 
underlying securities makes it less likely that convertible securities 
would be structured and offered in a manner designed to avoid the 
effectiveness of the cap.
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    \36\ Currently, registrants may offer non-convertible investment 
grade debt securities on Form S-3 regardless of the size of their 
public float. See General Instruction I.B.2. to Form S-3.
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    It is important to note that the proposed 20% limit on sales is not 
intended to impact a holder's ability to convert or exercise derivative 
securities purchased from the company. For example, the 20% limit would 
apply to the amount of common stock warrants that a company could sell 
under Form S-3, and the number of common shares into which the warrants 
are exercisable would be relevant for determining the company's 
compliance with the 20% rule at the time the warrants were sold, but 
would not impede the purchaser's later exercise of the warrants.
    Consistent with our desire to ensure that the expansion of Form S-3 
eligibility does not diminish the protection of investors, the proposal 
specifically excludes shell companies, which will be prohibited from 
registering securities in primary offerings on Form S-3 unless they 
meet the minimum $75 million float threshold of General Instruction 
I.B.1.\37 \While we are not passing on the relative merits of shell 
companies and we recognize that these entities are used for many 
legitimate business purposes, we have repeatedly stated our belief that 
these entities may give rise to disclosure abuses.\38\ Under the 
proposal, a former shell company that cannot meet the $75 million float 
criterion but otherwise satisfies the registrant requirements of Form 
S-3 will become eligible to use Form S-3 to register primary offerings 
of its securities:
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    \37\ This prohibition is intended to apply equally to ``blank 
check companies,'' as such entities are defined in Rule 419 of the 
Securities Act. However, because we believe that the definition of 
``shell company'' under Rule 405 is expansive enough to encompass 
blank check companies for purposes of excluding them from S-3 
eligibility under proposed General Instruction I.B.6., we do not 
exclude them separately. See Use of Form S-8 and Form 8-K by Shell 
Companies, Release No. 33-8407 (Apr. 15, 2004) [69 FR 21650], at n. 
20:
    We believe that under today's proposals all blank check 
companies as defined in Rule 419 would be considered shell companies 
until they acquire an operating business or more than nominal 
assets. Not all shell companies, however, would be classified as 
blank check companies under Rule 419.
    \38\ See, for example, Release No. 33-8591; Release No. 33-8587; 
Delayed Pricing for Certain Registrants, Release No. 33-7393 (Feb. 
20, 1997) [62 FR 9276]; and Penny Stock Definition for Purposes of 
Blank Check Rule, Release No. 33-7024 (Oct. 25, 1993) [58 FR 58099].
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     12 calendar months after it ceases being a shell company;
     Has filed information that would be required in a 
registration statement on Form 10, Form 10-SB or Form 20-F, as 
applicable, to register a class of securities under Section 12 of the 
Exchange Act; and
     Has been timely reporting for 12 calendar months.\39\

    \39\ Similarly, Form S-8 is not available to shell companies or 
to former shell companies until 60 days after they have ceased being 
shell companies and have filed information that would be required in 
a registration statement on Form 10, Form 10-SB or Form 20-F, as 
applicable, to register a class of securities under Section 12 of 
the Exchange Act. See Release No. 33-8587. Unlike the eligibility 
rules of Form S-8, however, a company must be reporting for at least 
12 calendar months before it is eligible under any criteria to use 
Form S-3. Therefore, instead of the 60-day delay required by Form S-
8, it is more appropriate for a shell company to be prohibited from 
using the proposed new provisions of S-3 and F-3 until at least 12 
calendar months after it ceases being a shell company.

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[[Page 35122]]

Ordinarily, this information would be filed in a current report on Form 
8-K reporting completion of the transaction that causes it to cease 
being a shell company.\ 40\ In other cases, the information may be 
filed in a Form 10, Form 10-SB or Form 20-F. Consistent with the 
current registrant eligibility rules of Form S-3 and Form F-3 that 
require at least 12 calendar months of timely reporting, the proposed 
12 calendar-month delay is intended to provide investors in the former 
shell company with the benefit of 12 full months of disclosure in the 
newly structured entity prior to its use of Form S-3 or Form F-3 for 
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primary securities offerings.

    \40\ Items 2.01(f) and 5.01(a)(8) of Form 8-K require a company 
in a transaction where the company ceases being a shell company to 
file a current report on Form 8-K containing the information (or 
identifying the previous filing in which the information is 
included) that would be required in a registration statement on Form 
10 or Form 10-SB to register a class of securities under Section 12 
of the Exchange Act.
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    As proposed, the 20% limitation is designed to allow issuers 
flexibility. Because the restriction on the amount of securities that 
can be sold over a period of 12 calendar months is calculated by 
reference to a registrant's public float immediately prior to a 
contemplated sale, as opposed to the time of the initial filing of the 
registration statement, the amount of securities that an issuer is 
permitted to sell can continue to grow over time as the issuer's public 
float increases. Therefore, the value of 20% of a registrant's float 
during the period that a shelf registration statement is effective may, 
at any given time, be much greater than at the time the registration 
statement was initially filed. Registrants may therefore benefit from 
increases in the size of their public float during the time the 
registration statement is effective. Conversely, the amount of 
securities that an issuer is permitted to sell at any given time may 
also decrease if the issuer's public float contracts. It is important 
to note, however, that a contraction in a registrant's float, such that 
the value of 20% of the float decreases from the time the registration 
statement was initially filed, would not necessarily run afoul of the 
20% limitation because the relevant point in time for determining 
whether a registrant has exceeded the threshold would be the time of 
sale. If the sale of securities, together with all securities sold in 
the preceding period of 12 calendar months, does not exceed 20% of the 
registrant's float calculated within 60 days of the sale, then the 
transaction would not violate proposed Instruction I.B.6. to Form S-3 
even if the registrant's public float later drops to a level such that 
the prior sale now accounts for over 20% of the new lower float.\41\
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    \41\ Along these lines, under the proposal registrants would be 
able to sell up to the equivalent of the full 20% of their public 
float immediately following the effective date of their registration 
statement, provided that there were no prior sales pursuant to 
proposed General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3. This is consistent 
with Rule 415(a)(1)(x), which was amended in 2005 to allow primary 
offerings on Form S-3 or Form F-3 to occur immediately after 
effectiveness of a shelf in registration statement. See Release No. 
33-8591. Assuming that the sale of the entire 20% allotted under the 
proposal complied with the rule at the time of the takedown, the 
subsequent contraction in the registrant's public float would not 
invalidate this prior sale.
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    Because Form S-3 registrants who meet the $75 million float 
threshold of General Instruction I.B.1. at the time their registration 
statement is filed are not subject to restrictions on the amount of 
securities they may sell under the registration statement even if their 
float falls below $75 million subsequent to the effective date of the 
Form S-3, we believe it is appropriate to provide issuers registering 
on Form S-3 pursuant to proposed General Instruction I.B.6. the same 
flexibility if their float increases to a level that equals or exceeds 
$75 million subsequent to the effective date of their Form S-3 without 
the additional burden of filing a new Form S-3 registration statement. 
Therefore, we are proposing an instruction to I.B.6. that lifts the 20% 
restriction on additional sales in the event that the registrant's 
float increases to $75 million or more subsequent to the effective 
date. Of course, pursuant to Rule 401, registrants would also be 
required to recompute their public float each time an amendment to the 
Form S-3 is filed for the purpose of updating the registration 
statement in accordance with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act--
typically when an annual report on Form 10-K is filed. In the event 
that the registrant's public float as of the date of the filing of the 
annual report is less than $75 million, the 20% restriction would be 
reimposed for all subsequent sales made pursuant to General Instruction 
I.B.6. and would remain in place until the registrant's float equaled 
or exceeded $75 million.
    The following examples illustrate how the proposed Instruction 
would operate.\42\ For purposes of these examples, we are assuming that 
the hypothetical registrants satisfy the registrant eligibility 
requirements in General Instruction I.A. of Form S-3 and are not shell 
companies.
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    \42\ The examples that follow are for illustrative purposes only 
and are not intended to be indicative of market activity.
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Example A

    On January 1, 2008, a registrant with a public float of $50 million 
files a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to proposed 
General Instruction I.B.6. intending to register the registrant's offer 
and sale of up to $20 million of debt and equity securities over the 
next three years from time to time as market opportunities arise.\43\ 
The registration statement is subsequently declared effective. In March 
2008, the registrant decides to sell common stock off the registration 
statement. To determine the amount of securities that it may sell in 
connection with the intended takedown, the registrant calculates its 
public float as of a date within 60 days prior to the anticipated date 
of sale, pursuant to Instruction 1 to proposed General Instruction 
I.B.6. Calculating that its public float is now $55 million, the 
registrant determines that the total market value of all sales effected 
pursuant to Instruction I.B.6. over the past year, including the 
intended sale, may not exceed $11 million, or 20% of the registrant's 
float. Since the registrant has not previously filed on Form S-3 and 
has made no prior sales off the subject Form S-3, it is able to sell 
the entire $11 million off the subject Form S-3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ Although only 20% of the public float may be sold in any 
year, a company may register a larger amount.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Assuming that it sold the entire $11 million of securities in March 
2008, the registrant in September 2008 once again contemplates a 
takedown off the shelf. It determines that its public float (as 
calculated pursuant to Instruction 1 to proposed General Instruction 
I.B.6.) has risen to $60 million. Because 20% of $60 million is $12 
million, the registrant is now able to sell additional securities in 
accordance with proposed General Instruction I.B.6(a), even though in 
March 2008 it took down the equivalent of what was then the entire 20% 
of its float. However, because the registrant has already sold $11 
million worth of its securities within the 12 calendar months prior to 
the contemplated sale, the registrant may sell no more than $1 million 
of additional securities at this time.
    In December 2008, the registrant determines that its public float 
has risen to $85 million. To this point, assuming it has only sold an 
aggregate of $12 million of its securities pursuant to the subject Form 
S-3 as described above, it has $8 million of securities remaining

[[Page 35123]]

on the registration statement and potentially available for takedown 
(the total amount registered of $20 million, less the $12 million 
previously sold). Because 20% of $85 million is $17 million, and the 
registrant has already sold $12 million within the previous year, 
Instruction I.B.6.(a) would, in most circumstances, prohibit the 
registrant from selling more than an additional $5 million of 
securities in the latest offering. However, under Instruction 3 to 
proposed General Instruction I.B.6., the registrant is no longer 
subject to the 20% limitation on annual sales because its float has 
exceeded $75 million. If it chooses, the registrant may sell the entire 
remaining $8 million of securities all at once or in separate tranches 
at any time until the company updates the registration statement 
pursuant to Section 10(a)(3) by filing a Form 10-K. This will be the 
case even if the registrant's float subsequently falls below $75 
million until it files that Form 10-K.

Example B

    A registrant has 12 million shares of voting common equity 
outstanding held by nonaffiliates. The market price of this stock is 
$5, so the registrant has a public float of $60 million. The registrant 
has an effective Form S-3 shelf registration statement filed in 
reliance on proposed General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 pursuant to 
which the registrant wants to issue $10 million of convertible debt 
securities which will be convertible into common stock at a 10% 
discount to the market price of the common stock. Pursuant to 
Instruction 2 to proposed General Instruction I.B.6., the amount of 
securities issued is measured by reference to the value of the 
underlying common stock rather than the amount for which the debt 
securities will be sold. At the 10% discount, the conversion price is 
at $4.50 and, as a result, 2,222,222 shares currently underlie the $10 
million of convertible debt. Because the current market price of those 
underlying shares is $5, the value of the securities being offered for 
purposes of General Instruction I.B.6. is $11,111,110 (2,222,222 shares 
at $5 per share), which is less than the $12 million allowed by the 20% 
cap (20% of $60 million).
    After the convertible debt securities are sold and are outstanding, 
the registrant contemplates an additional takedown. To determine the 
amount of securities that the registrant may sell under General 
Instruction I.B.6. in the anticipated offering, the registrant must 
know its current public float and must calculate the aggregate market 
value of all securities sold in the last year on Form S-3 pursuant to 
General Instruction I.B.6. Instruction 2 to proposed General 
Instruction I.B.6. requires that the registrant compute the market 
value of convertible debt securities sold under I.B.6. by reference to 
the value of the underlying common stock rather than the amount for 
which the debt securities were sold. With respect to the notes that 
were sold and have been converted, the aggregate market value of the 
underlying common stock is calculated by multiplying the number of 
common shares into which the outstanding convertible securities were 
converted times the market price on the day of conversion. With respect 
to the notes that were sold but have not yet been converted, the 
aggregate market value of the underlying common stock is calculated by 
multiplying the maximum number of common shares into which the notes 
are convertible as of a date within 60 days \44\ prior to the 
anticipated sale by the per share market price of the registrant's 
equity used for purposes of determining its current float.
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    \44\ Note that the date chosen by the registrant for 
determination of the maximum number of shares underlying the 
convertible notes must be the same date that the registrant chooses 
for determining its market price in connection with the calculation 
of public float pursuant to proposed General Instruction I.B.6. See 
Instruction 5 to proposed General Instruction I.B.6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In this example, assume that the registrant has a current per share 
stock price of $5.55. If half of the notes converted into common stock 
while the per share market price was $5.00 ($4.50 discount), then, for 
purposes of Instruction 2 to proposed General Instruction I.B.6., the 
value of that prior issuance is $5,555,555 (half of the notes divided 
by the discounted conversion price of $4.50 and then multiplied by $5, 
the market price on the day of conversion).
    As for the notes that have not yet been converted, the aggregate 
market value of the underlying common stock is determined by 
calculating the number of shares that may be received upon conversion 
and multiplying that by the current market value of $5.55. Therefore, 
the outstanding note amount ($5 million) is divided by the discount 
conversion price ($5), resulting in 1,000,000 shares and this is then 
multiplied by the current market value of $5.55. Thus, for purposes of 
Instruction 2 to proposed General Instruction I.B.6., $5,550,000 is the 
value of the outstanding notes that have not yet been converted. Adding 
this to the value of the notes that have already been converted results 
in a total value of $11,105,555 having been issued under this Form S-3.
    To determine the amount of additional securities that the 
registrant may sell under General Instruction I.B.6, the registrant 
would add the value of the notes issued ($11,105,555) plus the value of 
all other securities sold by the registrant pursuant to Instruction 
I.B.6. during the preceding year. If this amount is less than 20% of 
the registrant's current public float, it may sell additional 
securities with a value up to, but not greater than, the difference 
between 20% of its current public float and the value of all securities 
sold by it pursuant to Instruction I.B.6. during the preceding year.

Example C

    A registrant has an effective registration statement on Form S-3 
through which it intends to conduct shelf offerings of its securities. 
The Form S-3 was filed pursuant to proposed General Instruction I.B.6. 
At the time of its first shelf takedown, the registrant's public float 
is equal to $20 million (which means that the maximum amount available 
to be sold under the 20% cap would be $4 million). Based on proposed 
General Instruction I.B.6(a), the registrant sells $3 million available 
of its debt securities. Six months later, the registrant's public float 
has decreased to $10 million. The registrant wishes to conduct an 
additional takedown off the shelf but, because of the reduction in its 
float, it is prohibited from doing so. This is because with a public 
float of $10 million, General Instruction I.B.6(a) would only allow the 
registrant to sell a maximum of $2 million worth of securities (20% of 
$10 million) pursuant to the registration statement during the prior 
period of 12 calendar months that ends on the date of the contemplated 
sale. However, the registrant has already sold securities valued (for 
purposes of proposed General Instruction I.B.6.) at $3 million in the 6 
months prior to the contemplated sale and so must wait until at least a 
full year has passed since the $3 million sale of debt securities to 
undertake another offering off the Form S-3 unless its float increases. 
Note that, although the registrant's float would not allow additional 
sales, the $3 million takedown of securities 6 months prior does not 
violate the 20% restriction because, at the time of that prior sale, 
the registrant's float was $20 million.
    Because allowing smaller public companies to take advantage of 
shelf primary offerings on Form S-3 would permit such companies to 
avail themselves of periodic takedowns

[[Page 35124]]

without further Commission action or prior staff review, some concerns 
have been raised.\45\ Although the Commission staff may review 
registration statements before they are declared effective, individual 
takedowns are not subject to prior selective staff review. Under the 
current rules, if these issuers were instead using Form S-1 or Form SB-
2, they would be required to file separate registration statements for 
each new offering, which would be subject to pre-offering selective 
staff review before going effective.
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    \45\ For example, see Report of the Task Force on Disclosure 
Simplification (Mar. 5, 1996) (the ``Task Force''), available at 
http://www.sec.gov/news/studies/smpl.htm. Among other things, the 
Task Force made several recommendations to amend the shelf 
registration procedure ``so as to provide increased flexibility to a 
wider array of companies with respect to their capital-raising 
activities.'' These recommendations included a ``modified form of 
shelf registration'' that would have allowed smaller companies to 
price their securities on a delayed basis for up to one year in 
order to time securities offerings more effectively with 
opportunities in the marketplace. The Task Force stated:
    While this recommendation will afford small companies time and 
cost savings, the Task Force appreciates concerns raised about 
possible adverse effects shelf registration may have on the adequacy 
and accuracy of disclosures provided to investors, on Commission 
oversight of the disclosures and on the role of underwriters in the 
registration process. These concerns are similar to those raised 
when the shelf registration rule was first being considered on a 
temporary basis and was made available to any offering including an 
initial public offering.
    See also, Delayed Pricing for Certain Registrants, Release No. 
33-7393 (Feb. 20, 1997) [62 FR 9276]. Following on the Task Force's 
recommendations, the Commission proposed to permit certain smaller 
companies to price registered securities offerings on a delayed 
basis for up to one year after effectiveness. The Commission noted, 
however:
    Concerns have been raised that the expedited access to the 
markets that would be provided by these proposals could make it 
difficult for gatekeepers, particularly underwriters, to perform 
adequate due diligence for the smaller companies that would be 
eligible to use expanded Rule 430A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    While we recognize that extending the benefits of shelf 
registration to an expanded group of companies will, by necessity, 
limit the staff's direct prior involvement in takedowns of securities 
off the shelf, we believe that the risks will be justified by the 
benefits that will accrue by facilitating the capital formation efforts 
of smaller public companies. As we have discussed elsewhere in this 
release, the risks to investor protection by expanding the base of 
companies eligible for primary offerings on Form S-3 have been 
significantly mitigated by technological advances affecting the manner 
in which companies communicate with investors, allowing widespread, 
direct, and contemporaneous accessibility to company disclosure at 
little or no cost. Moreover, the scope of disclosure obligations and 
liability of smaller public companies under the federal securities laws 
are sufficiently comparable for these purposes to the largest reporting 
companies such that the proposed expansion of Form S-3 primary offering 
eligibility should not adversely impact investors.\46\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ We acknowledge that the companies implicated in this 
rulemaking are not yet subject to Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley. See 
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting in Exchange Act Periodic 
Reports of Non-Accelerated Filers and Newly Public Companies, 
Release No. 33-8760 (Dec. 15, 2006) [71 FR 76580]. We have taken 
steps to implement a plan to improve the efficiency and 
effectiveness of Section 404 implementation, including its 
scalability to smaller companies. See Commission Guidance Regarding 
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 
Under Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
Release No. 34-55929 (June 20, 2007).+-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Although we believe that the public securities markets have 
benefited from advances in both technology and corporate disclosure 
requirements, we are nevertheless mindful that companies with a smaller 
market capitalization as a group have a comparatively smaller market 
following than larger, well-seasoned issuers and are more thinly 
traded. Securities in thinly traded markets may be more vulnerable to 
potential manipulative practices. In this regard, to ensure that shelf 
eligibility is expanded with appropriate moderation and attention to 
the continued protection of investors, we have proposed to exclude 
shell companies from eligibility and to impose a 20% restriction on the 
amount of securities that can be sold into the market on Form S-3 in 
any period of 12 calendar months by issuers with a public float below 
$75 million.\47\ By placing such restrictions on the expansion of Form 
S-3 eligibility, we believe we are mitigating the potential for abuse 
that could result as a function of the increase in the volume of 
smaller public company securities sold in primary offerings on Form S-
3. At the same time, we believe that the 20% limit will be sufficient 
to accommodate the capital raising needs of the large majority of 
smaller public companies.\48\
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    \47\ Under the proposal, offerings above the 20% limitation 
would violate the form requirements, and may have implications under 
Section 5.
    \48\ In connection with this rulemaking, the Division of 
Corporation Finance undertook a review of shelf registration 
takedowns in 2006 by companies with a public float of moderate size. 
Specifically, the Division looked at all prospectus supplements 
filed pursuant to shelf registration statements in calendar year 
2006 by companies with a public float between $75 million and $140 
million. While we observed a wide range of variously sized shelf 
takedowns (from less than 1% of float to greater than 80% of float), 
the data suggests that limiting smaller public companies to 20% of 
their public float in any 12-month period strikes the appropriate 
balance between the capital needs of these companies and investor 
protection concerns.
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    We note that the Advisory Committee, in its May 2006 Final Report 
to the Commission, expressed support for a more expansive rule change, 
with no suggestion of a limitation on Form S-3 eligibility other than 
current required Exchange Act reporting and listed on a national 
securities exchange or the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. However, we 
are not at this time proposing such a less restrictive eligibility 
requirement. We believe that by restricting the applicability of the 
revised eligibility rule to companies that are not shell companies and 
by imposing the 20% limitation on the amount of securities that smaller 
public companies may sell pursuant to primary offerings on Form S-3, as 
described, the proposal strikes the appropriate balance between helping 
to facilitate capital formation through the securities markets and our 
objective of investor protection. If the amendment is adopted as 
proposed, this would not foreclose the possibility that we may revisit 
the appropriateness of this 20% restriction at a later time. However, 
we believe that limiting the expanded use of S-3 as proposed will allow 
us to consider the impacts of the expansion in an environment where 
there are limitations so that investor protection concerns are 
addressed.

C. Proposed Revisions to Form F-3

    Form F-3, which was designed to parallel Form S-3,\49\ is the 
equivalent short-form registration form available for use by ``foreign 
private issuers'' \50\ to register securities offerings under the 
Securities Act. Similar to Form S-3, Form F-3 is available to foreign 
private issuers that satisfy the form's registrant requirements and at 
least one of the

[[Page 35125]]

form's transaction requirements.\51\ The Form F-3 registrant 
requirements are similar to Form S-3 and generally relate to a 
registrant's reporting history under the Exchange Act.\52\ In addition, 
like the Form S-3 registration statement, Form F-3 limits the ability 
of registrants to conduct primary offerings on the form unless their 
public float equals or exceeds a particular threshold.\53\
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    \49\ See Integrated Disclosure System for Foreign Private 
Issuers, Release No. 33-6360 (Nov. 20, 1981) [46 FR 58511], at 7:
    The three forms proposed under the Securities Act roughly 
parallel proposed Forms S-1, S-2 and S-3 in the domestic integration 
system, but the foreign system is based on the Form 20-F instead of 
the Form 10-K and annual report to shareholders as the uniform 
disclosure package.
    \50\ The term ``foreign private issuer'' is defined in Rule 405 
of the Securities Act to mean any foreign issuer other than a 
foreign government except an issuer meeting the following 
conditions:
    (1) More than 50 percent of the outstanding voting securities of 
such issuer are directly or indirectly owned of record by residents 
of the United States; and
    (2) Any of the following:
    (i) The majority of the executive officers or directors are 
United States citizens or residents;
    (ii) More than 50 percent of the assets of the issuer are 
located in the United States; or
    (iii) The business of the issuer is administered principally in 
the United States.
    \51\ See General Instruction I. of Form F-3: ``Eligibility 
Requirements for Use of Form F-3.''
    \52\ One difference is that, unlike Form S-3, General 
Instruction I.A.1. of Form F-3 requires that registrants have 
previously filed at least one annual report on Form 20-F, Form 10-K 
or, in certain cases, Form 40-F under the Exchange Act. For an 
explanation of this difference, see Simplification of Registration 
and Reporting Requirements for Foreign Companies; Safe Harbors for 
Public Announcements of Unregistered Offerings and Broker-Dealer 
Research Reports, Release No. 33-7029 (Nov. 3, 1993) at 3; and 
Simplification of Registration and Reporting Requirements for 
Foreign Companies; Safe Harbors for Public Announcements of 
Unregistered Offerings and Broker-Dealer Research Reports, Release 
No. 33-7053 (Apr. 19, 1994), at 2 (explaining that the requirement 
was adopted ``in order to ensure that information regarding the 
issuer is available to the market'').
    \53\ See General Instruction I.B.1. of Form F-3. Note that, 
unlike Form S-3, the Instruction makes reference to the registrant's 
``worldwide'' public float.
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    As with Form S-3, the Commission has attempted to limit the 
availability of Form F-3 for primary offerings to a class of companies 
believed to provide a steady stream of corporate disclosure that is 
broadly digested and disseminated to the marketplace. When the 
Commission adopted Form F-3 in 1982,\54\ it set the public float test 
for foreign issuers at $300 million in response to public comment 
recommending that the numerical test for foreign issuers be much 
greater than for domestic registrants.\55\ In 1994, however, the 
Commission reduced this threshold to $75 million in order to extend to 
foreign issuers the benefits of short-form registration ``to the same 
extent available to domestic companies.'' \56\ In explaining its 
rationale, the Commission stated:
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    \54\ Adoption of Foreign Issuer Integrated Disclosure System, 
Release No. 33-6437 (Nov. 19, 1982) [47 FR 54764].
    \55\ See Release No. 33-7029, at 2.
    \56\ Release No. 33-7053, at 2. In the same rulemaking, the 
Commission also reduced the reporting history requirement in Form F-
3 from 36 to 12 months to match the eligibility criteria applicable 
to domestic companies using Form S-3.

    [Our] experience with foreign issuers, as well as the 
internationalization of securities markets, indicates that foreign 
issuers with a public float of $75 million or more have a degree of 
analyst following in their world-wide markets comparable to 
similarly-sized domestic companies.\57\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \57\ Release No. 33-7029, at 2.

As a result, the Commission believed that expanding Form F-3 
eligibility by lowering the float standard to $75 million would give 
foreign issuers the same capital raising advantages enjoyed by domestic 
issuers on Form S-3 without compromising investor protection.\58\
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    \58\ In the release adopting this change to the Form F-3 
eligibility requirements, the Commission stated:
    These provisions are part of the ongoing efforts of the 
Commission to ease the transition of foreign companies into the U.S. 
disclosure system, enhance the efficiencies of the registration and 
reporting processes and lower costs of compliance, where consistent 
with investor protection.
    Release No. 33-7053, at 2.
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    In order to maintain the rough equivalency between Form S-3 and 
Form F-3, which have had the same public float criteria for primary 
offering eligibility since 1994,\59\ we are proposing amendments to 
Form F-3 that are comparable to our proposed changes to Form S-3. 
Specifically, proposed General Instruction I.B.5. to Form F-3 would 
allow foreign private issuers with less than $75 million in worldwide 
public float to register primary offerings of their securities on Form 
F-3, provided:
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    \59\ The Commission's adoption of the ``Securities Offering 
Reform'' amendments in July 2005 is a recent instance where parallel 
changes were made to Form S-3 and Form F-3. See Release No. 33-8591. 
For example, the 2005 amendments provided that the ability to 
conduct an automatic shelf offering under both Form S-3 and Form F-3 
is limited to registrants that qualify as ``well-known seasoned 
issuers'' under Rule 405 of the Securities Act. We note the minimum 
public float threshold required to be a well-known seasoned issuer 
is the same for both Form S-3 and Form F-3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     They meet the other registrant eligibility conditions for 
the use of Form F-3;
     They are not shell companies and have not been shell 
companies for at least 12 calendar months before filing the 
registration statement; and
     They do not sell more than the equivalent of 20% of their 
public float in primary offerings under General Instruction I.B.5. on 
Form F-3 over any period of 12 calendar months.

D. Request for Comment

    We request and encourage any interested person to submit comments 
on the proposal and any other matters that might have an impact on the 
proposal. With respect to any comments, we note that such comments are 
of greatest assistance to our rulemaking initiative if accompanied by 
supporting data and analysis of the issues addressed in those comments. 
In addition to general comment, we encourage commenters to address the 
following specific questions:
     Is the proposed change in the public float eligibility 
criteria for Forms S-3 and F-3 appropriate? Is our assumption correct 
that it is appropriate to lift the public float restrictions in a 
limited manner given advances in the electronic dissemination and 
accessibility of company disclosure transmitted over the Internet?
     In this regard, in what way is market following an 
important criteria in light of these technological changes? \60\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ See Release No. 33-6383, at 8 (discussing the objective of 
relating short-form registration to the existence of widespread 
following in the marketplace).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     The Form S-3 eligibility requirement for primary offerings 
which requires minimum public float was last set in 1992 at $75 
million. Based on the Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index 
(PCEPI) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI), if this threshold were 
adjusted for inflation, it would equal between $100-110 million, 
respectively, in today's dollars. Does this suggest that we should not 
adopt this proposal and leave the form eligibility requirements 
unchanged, since by retaining $75 million as the minimum and not 
raising it to at least $100 million to account for inflation, we are in 
effect allowing a lower threshold than was established in 1992?
     Should the Commission retain the float test in all cases 
for primary offerings, but set it below $75 million? Should the float 
test be higher than $75 million?
     Should we make parallel changes to Forms S-3 and F-3, as 
proposed? If not, in what way should they be different? For example, 
are there special conditions relating to foreign issuers that would 
make any of the proposed amendments not appropriate or should they be 
tailored in any way?
     Is there a more appropriate criteria to determine 
eligibility for primary offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 than public 
float? Given the more limited liquidity of companies with a public 
float less than $75 million, would a more appropriate criteria for 
eligibility relate to Average Daily Trading Volume for the prior year? 
If so, is 25% of Average Daily Traded Volume an appropriate cap (for 
ADTV) per year? Should the cap be based on dollar volume traded per 
day? If not, how would the criteria be evaluated for purposes of 
determining issuances other than common stock? If Average Daily Trading 
Volume is used as the criteria instead of public float, over what 
period should the average be calculated?
     Is the proposed 20% limitation on the amount of securities 
that can be sold

[[Page 35126]]

over any period of 12 calendar months appropriate? Should this 
restriction be broader or more narrow? For example should 20% be higher 
or lower or should the one-year period be longer or shorter? Is this 
the right amount to provide smaller public companies with a realistic 
financing alternative? If the restriction is not appropriate as 
proposed, what alternatives are preferable and why?
     Proposed General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 would 
restrict the amount of securities that can be sold by a registrant over 
a period of ``12 calendar months.'' This parallels the way in which the 
phrase ``12 calendar months'' is used for purposes of the registrant 
eligibility requirements in Form S-3. Therefore, if a registrant relies 
on General Instruction I.B.6. to conduct a shelf takedown equivalent to 
20% of its public float on September 15, 2007, it will next be eligible 
to do another takedown (assuming no change in its float ) on October 1, 
2008. Instead of ``12 calendar months,'' would it be preferable if the 
relevant measurement period was ``one year,'' so that a registrant who 
conducted a shelf takedown equal to 20% of its float on September 15, 
2007 would next be eligible to do another takedown (assuming no change 
in its float ) under General Instruction I.B.6. on September 15, 2008?
     Should we allow non-investment grade debt to be offered 
under this provision? Should we have a cap for the amount of non-
investment grade debt that may be sold? If so, is it appropriate to tie 
the cap to public float? If not, what would be a more appropriate 
criteria?
     In the case of securities that are convertible into or 
exercisable for equity shares, such as convertible debt securities, we 
are proposing that the registrant calculate the amount sold by 
reference to the aggregate market value of the underlying equity shares 
in lieu of the market value of the convertible securities. Should we 
also include in the amount the value of the overlying securities? 
Should derivative securities be calculated in a different manner?
     Under Rule 430B, except for an effective date resulting 
from the filing of a form of prospectus for purposes of updating the 
registration statement pursuant to Section 10(a)(3) or reflecting 
fundamental changes in the information in the registration statement 
pursuant to the issuer's undertakings, the prospectus filing will not 
create a new effective date for directors or signing officers of the 
issuer, whereas the filing of a registration statement on Form S-1, 
which issuers with a market capitalization of less than $75 million 
would otherwise need to use for these offerings, would. Likewise, the 
filing of the prospectus will not be a new effective date for auditors 
who provided consent in an existing registration statement for their 
report on previously issued financial statements as the filing of a new 
Form S-1 would. Is this potential ``gap'' in liability appropriate in 
the situations allowed under the proposed revisions?
     Should the 20% limitation be calculated only with respect 
to securities sold pursuant to the proposed amendment or should it 
include all securities sold pursuant to registered public offerings on 
Form S-3, S-1, SB-2, etc.? Should the 20% also include securities sold 
pursuant to private offerings? Should it include securities sold 
pursuant to registered public offerings on any form by selling 
shareholders?
     Should the calculation of 20% of the registrant's public 
float reflect increases and decreases in the registrant's public float 
during the period that its shelf registration statement is effective, 
as is currently proposed? Do concerns relating to investor protection 
and potential market manipulation weigh in favor of a different method 
of calculating the 20% limitation, such as determining the 20% limit at 
the time the registration statement is filed rather than at the time of 
each sale under the registration statement? Would an annual limitation 
on the number of offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 that a registrant may 
conduct under proposed General Instruction I.B.6. strike the 
appropriate balance between investor protection and capital formation 
facilitation?
     Should the calculation of a registrant's public float for 
purposes of the amendment be based on an average, such as the average 
weekly float during the four calendar weeks preceding the sale in 
question?
     As proposed, General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 and 
General Instruction I.B.5. of Form F-3 provide that the 20% restriction 
on sales will be lifted in the event that the registrant's public float 
equals or exceeds $75 million subsequent to the effective date. 
However, registrants would be required to recompute their public float 
each time they filed an amendment to update the registration statement 
pursuant to Rule 401 and, if the float measured less than $75 million, 
the 20% restriction on sales could be reimposed until the float equaled 
or exceeded $75 million. If the 20% restriction is lifted because the 
registrant's public float surpasses $75 million, but is subsequently 
reimposed because the float falls below $75 million, should the 
calculation of 20% take into consideration the value of all securities 
sold pursuant to Form S-3 (or Form F-3, as applicable) in primary 
offerings in the preceding year; only securities sold pursuant to 
General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 (or General Instruction I.B.5. 
of Form F-3, as applicable), in the preceding year; or, should the 
calculation ignore the value of securities sold prior to the date of 
the update when the float was last measured?
     In the event that a registrant's public float equals or 
exceeds $75 million, is it appropriate for the transformation of the 
filing from a primary shelf filing under General Instruction I.B.6. of 
Form S-3 (or General Instruction I.B.5. of Form F-3, as applicable) to 
a primary shelf filing under General Instruction I.B.1. of Form S-3 (or 
General Instruction I.B.1. of Form F-3, as applicable) to be made 
without there being a new effective date for the registration 
statement? If we should have a new effective date for the registration 
statement, how would that date be set and should there be any filing 
made with the Commission?
     Should the calculation of a registrant's public float for 
purposes of the amendments be made by reference to the price of the 
registrant's common equity within 60 days prior to the date of sale, or 
should the reference period for the price of the registrant's common 
equity be as of a date closer to the date of sale?
     What should be the consequence of an issuer exceeding the 
20% restriction on sales? If the consequences of violating the 20% are 
significant, would the risks of doing so adversely affect the 
willingness of issuers to use the proposal? If so, what, if anything, 
should be done to ameliorate those risks?
     Should the issuer's intent be a factor in determining the 
consequences of a violation of the 20% restriction?
     Should we amend Rule 401(g) \61\ of the Securities Act to 
provide that violations of the 20% restriction would also violate the 
requirements as to proper form under Rule 401 even though the 
registration statement has been declared effective previously?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \61\ 17 CFR 230.401(g).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     The proposal does not exclude any type of offerings, such 
as at-the-market offerings. Should we impose restrictions on the manner 
of sale under proposed General Instruction I.B.6. to Form S-3 (and, on 
Form F-3, proposed General Instruction I.B.5.), so that only certain 
kinds of distributions, such as firm

[[Page 35127]]

commitment underwritten offerings, are permitted?
     We recently eliminated restrictions on primary ``at-the-
market'' offerings of equity securities for primary shelf eligible 
issuers because we felt they were not necessary to provide protection 
to markets or investors for seasoned issuers.\62\ Given that the 
proposal allows smaller companies to do primary offerings, should 
registrants utilizing proposed General Instruction I.B.6. to Form S-3 
(and, on Form F-3, proposed General Instruction I.B.5.) be prohibited 
from conducting at-the-market offerings under Rule 415(a)(4)? \63\ If 
at-the-market offerings are allowed, should we nevertheless require 
that such offers and sales be made only through registered broker-
dealers and require such broker-dealers to be named as underwriters in 
the prospectus?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \62\ See Release No. 33-8591.
    \63\ Prior to the adoption of Securities Offering Reform in July 
2005, Rule 415 prohibited registrants from making at-the-market 
offerings on Form S-3 or Form F-3 unless certain conditions were 
met. The conditions were that: The amount of securities could not 
exceed ten percent of the registrant's public float; the securities 
had to be sold through an underwriter or underwriters acting as 
principal(s) or agent(s) for the registrant; and the underwriter(s) 
must be named in the prospectus. Among other things, the 2005 
amendments eliminated these restrictions for primary shelf eligible 
issuers. In the Securities Offering Reform adopting release, the 
Commission stated:
    The restrictions on primary ``at-the-market'' offerings of 
equity securities currently set forth in Rule 415(a)(4) were adopted 
initially to address concerns about the integrity of trading 
markets. As discussed in the Proposing Release, we are eliminating 
these restrictions for primary shelf eligible issuers because they 
are not necessary to provide protection to markets or investors. The 
market today has greater information about seasoned issuers than it 
did at the adoption of the ``at-the-market'' limitations, due to 
enhanced Exchange Act reporting. Further, trading markets for these 
issuers' securities have grown significantly since that time. 
Requiring the involvement of underwriters and limiting the amount of 
securities that can be sold imposes artificial limitations on this 
avenue for these issuers to access capital.
    Release No. 33-8591, at 213-214.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Should all companies with a public trading market, 
including companies traded on the Pink Sheets, be allowed to use the 
amended form as proposed or should we limit it to just interdealer 
quotations systems with some level of oversight and operated by a self-
regulatory organization?
     Is the proposal not to extend expanded Form S-3 and F-3 
eligibility to shell companies appropriate? If not, why?
     Are there other restraints on the proposed expansion of 
Form S-3 and F-3 eligibility that should be considered, such as 
restricting the classes of issuers that may utilize this expansion or 
the types and amounts of securities that may be registered on Forms S-3 
and F-3 pursuant to this expansion?
     If the eligibility standards for Form S-3 and Form F-3 are 
expanded as proposed, will allowing this larger class of companies to 
conduct limited primary offerings of their securities on these forms 
provide them with a meaningful source of financing? How might this 
proposal impact the private markets for these companies' securities?
     If the proposal is adopted, what types of financings are 
issuers likely to make on the expanded eligibility on Form S-3 and F-3?
     If the proposal is adopted, it is foreseeable that some 
companies with a public trading market but with securities not listed 
or authorized for listing on a national securities exchange may be 
eligible to offer such securities in primary offerings on Form S-3 or 
Form F-3. Since the proposal is not intended to alter the exemption 
from state regulation of securities offerings under Section 18 of the 
Securities Act, will the effect of state blue sky law make it 
prohibitively difficult for companies without ``covered'' securities 
(as defined by Section 18(b)) to register such securities in primary 
offerings on Form S-3 and F-3 pursuant to the proposal? If the answer 
is yes, what steps can we take to make the amendments more useful to 
companies?
     Are there any market practices that may arise as a result 
of this proposal that we should be concerned about?
     Is there any investor protection loss the proposal does 
not address? If so, how can we address it? Are there any additional 
disclosures that are appropriate? For instance, are there any 
disclosures required in Forms S-1 or F-1 that should be included in 
Forms S-3 or F-3 filed under General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 or 
General Instruction I.B.5. of Form F-3, respectively? Should issuers 
have to disclose in the prospectus their calculation of the amount of 
securities being offered, the amount offered pursuant to these 
Instructions for the last 12 calendar months and of the amount of 
securities that may be offered under the filing during the year?

II. Paperwork Reduction Act

A. Background

    The proposed amendments to Forms S-3 and F-3 contain ``collection 
of information'' requirements within the meaning of the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1995.\64\ We are submitting these to the Office of 
Management and Budget for review and approval in accordance with the 
Paperwork Reduction Act.\65\ The titles for this information are:

    \64\ 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.
    \65\ 44 U.S.C. 3507(d) and 5 CFR 1320.11.

``Form S-3'' (OMB Control No. 3235-0073);
``Form S-1'' \66\ (OMB Control No. 3235-0065);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \66\ Because our amendments to Form S-3 and Form F-3 are 
anticipated to affect the annual number of Forms S-1, Forms SB-2 and 
Forms F-1 filed, we are required to include them in the titles of 
information collections even though we are not proposing to amend 
them in this release.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

``Form SB-2'' \67\ (OMB Control No. 3235-0418);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \67\ See n. 66 above.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

``Form F-3'' (OMB Control No. 3235-0256); and

``Form F-1'' \68\ (OMB Control No. 3235-0258)

    \68\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We adopted existing Forms S-3, S-1, SB-2, F-3 and F-1 pursuant to 
the Securities Act. These forms set forth the disclosure requirements 
for registration statements that are prepared by eligible issuers to 
provide investors with the information they need to make informed 
investment decisions in registered offerings.
    Our proposed amendments to Forms S-3 and F-3 are intended to allow 
issuers that are currently ineligible to use Forms S-3 and F-3 for 
primary offerings because they do not meet the forms' public float 
requirements to nevertheless register a limited amount of securities in 
primary offerings on Form S-3 or Form F-3, as applicable, so long as 
they are not shell companies and meet the other eligibility 
requirements of the forms.
    The hours and costs associated with preparing disclosure, filing 
forms, and retaining records constitute reporting and cost burdens 
imposed by the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or 
sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid control number.
    The information collection requirements related to registration 
statements on Forms S-3, S-1, SB-2, F-3 and F-1 are mandatory. There is 
no mandatory retention period for the information disclosed, and the 
information disclosed would be made publicly available on the EDGAR 
filing system.

B. Summary of Information Collections

    Because the amendments that we are proposing in this release 
pertain only to Forms S-3 and F-3 eligibility and not to the disclosure 
required by these forms, we do not believe that the amendments will 
impose any new

[[Page 35128]]

recordkeeping or information collection requirements. On a per-response 
basis, this proposal would not increase or decrease existing disclosure 
burdens for Form S-3 or Form F-3. However, because we expect that many 
companies newly eligible for primary offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 as 
a result of these amendments will choose to file short-form Form S-3 
and Form F-3 registration statements in lieu of Forms S-1, SB-2 or F-1, 
as applicable, we believe there will be an aggregate decrease in the 
disclosure burdens associated with Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 and an 
increase in the disclosure burdens associated with Forms S-3 and F-3. 
The shift in aggregate disclosure burden among these forms will be due 
entirely to the change in the number of annual responses expected with 
respect to each form as companies previously ineligible to use Form S-3 
and Form F-3 switch to these forms for their public offerings and away 
from Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1. In addition, because of the anticipated 
benefits to issuers associated with Forms S-3 and F-3, in particular 
the lower costs of preparing and filing the registration statements and 
the ability to make delayed and continuous offerings in response to 
changing market conditions, we think that this will increase the demand 
for and lead to more company filings on Forms S-3 and F-3 than would 
otherwise have been made on Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1. That is, we think 
that the opportunity for capital raising will be more robust for many 
companies because of the availability of shelf registration on Form S-
3. We also anticipate that many companies will choose to offer their 
securities directly to the public through registration on Forms S-3 and 
F-3 instead of through private placements and therefore, if the 
proposal is adopted, we expect comparatively more Form S-3 and F-3 
registration statements to be filed as companies forego private 
offerings in favor of the public markets. In order to provide an 
estimate of the change in the collection of information burden for 
purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act, our assumption is that the 
proposed amendments to Forms S-3 and F-3 will result in an overall 
increase in the number of such forms filed annually and an overall 
decrease in the number of Forms S-1, Forms SB-2 and Forms F-1 filed 
annually. As discussed, however, we do not expect that the incremental 
increase in the number of all Forms S-3 and F-3 filed will be roughly 
equal to the incremental decrease in the number of Forms S-1, Forms SB-
2 and Forms F-1 filed, because our assumption is that the advantages of 
shelf registration on Form S-3 and Form F-3 will encourage financings 
on these forms that would otherwise have been carried out through 
exempt offerings or perhaps not at all. Therefore, we believe the 
proposal would result in a net increase in the annual aggregate number 
of filings on all Forms S-3, S-1, SB-2, F-3 and F-1 taken together, 
since the increased number of Form S-3 and F-3 filings should exceed 
the decreased number of Form S-1, SB-2 and F-1 filings. Accordingly, we 
believe the overall net decrease in disclosure burden that should 
result from companies changing to the more streamlined Forms S-3 and F-
3 will be offset to some extent by newly eligible companies filing 
Forms S-3 and F-3 more frequently than they did Forms S-1, SB-2 or F-1. 
However, this offset could be lessened in part by the proposed 20% 
limitation on the amount of securities that companies may sell on Form 
S-3 and Form F-3 in any period of 12 calendar months. Companies that 
require more capital but are prohibited by this 20% restriction from 
using Form S-3 and Form F-3 for primary offerings may, as a result, 
continue to conduct some offerings on Forms S-1, SB-2 or F-1 or through 
the private markets even though Form S-3 and F-3 are preferable.

C. Paperwork Reduction Act Burden Estimates

    For purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act, we estimate the annual 
decrease in the paperwork burden for companies to comply with our 
proposed collection of information requirements to be approximately 
39,952 hours of in-house company personnel time and to be approximately 
$47,942,000 for the services of outside professionals.\69\ These 
estimates include the time and the cost of preparing and reviewing 
disclosure, filing documents and retaining records. Our methodologies 
for deriving the above estimates are discussed below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \69\ For administrative convenience, the presentation of the 
totals related to the paperwork burden hours have been rounded to 
the nearest whole number and the cost totals have been rounded to 
the nearest thousand.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Our estimates represent the burden for all issuers, both large and 
small. As mentioned, however, the estimated decreases are wholly 
attributable to our assumptions, discussed in Section B. above, about 
how the amendments will influence the behavior of certain issuers who 
were formerly ineligible to conduct primary offerings on Forms S-3 and 
F-3. These issuers are non-shell companies who satisfy the registrant 
eligibility requirements of Form S-3 \70\ or Form F-3,\71\ as 
applicable, but had a public float of less than $75 million at the end 
of their last fiscal year. In all, we estimate that there were 4,901 
such companies at the end of calendar year 2006 and that they filed a 
total of 815 registration statements on Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 during 
the twelve months ending December 31, 2006.\72\ To determine the effect 
of our proposal on the overall paperwork burden, we have assumed that 
these filings on Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 would have been made instead 
on Form S-3 or Form F-3, as applicable, to the extent that the issuers 
would not be limited by the proposed 20% restriction on the amount of 
securities they may offer in any period of 12 calendar months. 
Therefore, we assume that the Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 filed by the 
subject companies will decrease from the number filed in 2006, but 
because of the proposed 20% restriction on sales, will not decrease to 
0. Instead, we believe that some Forms S-1, SB-2 and F- will continue 
to filed annually by these companies. To reflect this, we have taken 
the number of Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 that were filed by these 
companies in calendar year 2006 and decreased this number by 85% for 
each form, for a total decrease of 694 filings.\73\ Therefore, we 
assume that approximately 694 fewer Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 will be 
filed by all issuers in calendar year 2006. The actual number could be 
more or less depending on various factors, including future market 
conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \70\ See n. 29 above.
    \71\ See n. 51 above.
    \72\ The total of 815 filings is comprised of 138 Forms S-1; 674 
Forms SB-2; and 3 Forms F-1.
    \73\ This number deducts 85% from the totals for each of the 
three registration forms, as follows: Form S-1 (85% of 138, rounded 
up, equals 118); Form SB-2 (85% of 674, rounded up, equals 573); and 
Form F-1 (85% of 3, rounded up, equals 3). Adding these together, 
the combined reduction totals 694 filings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Furthermore, we believe that the 4,901 companies that we estimate 
will be affected by the rule change would have conducted more 
registered securities offerings had they been able to use Forms S-3 and 
F-3 because of the benefits of forward incorporation and the ability to 
utilize shelf registration to maximize market opportunities. We assume 
that the inability of these companies to utilize Forms S-3 and F-3 
limited their capacity to access the public securities markets and, 
because of the cost and lack of flexibility associated with Forms S-1, 
SB-2 and F-1, either did not file registration statements on Forms S-1 
SB-2 or F-1, or were limited in the number that they

[[Page 35129]]

filed. We therefore believe that the annual number of responses on 
Forms S-3 and F-3 for purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act will 
increase by an increment greater than simply the total of 694 fewer 
registration statements on Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 that we estimate 
will be filed going forward by the 4,901 companies who would qualify 
for primary offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 as a result of our proposal. 
We further assume that this increase in Forms S-3 and F-3 will be 
mitigated to some degree by the proposed 20% restriction on securities 
sold in any period of 12 calendar months, which may limit the frequency 
and volume of additional securities offerings on Form S-3 and Form F-3. 
To reflect this, we have taken the 694 Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 that 
were filed by these companies in calendar year 2006 and increased this 
number by 10% for each form, for a total increase of 765 filings.\74\ 
Therefore, we assume that approximately 765 additional Forms S-3 and F-
3 will be filed over and above the number of total Forms S-3 and F-3 
filed by all issuers, large and small, in calendar year 2006. The 
actual number could be more or less depending on various factors, 
including future market conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \74\ This number adds a 10% premium to the individual totals for 
each of the three registration forms, as follows: Form S-1 (10% of 
118, rounded up, equals 12); Form SB-2 (10% of 573, rounded up, 
equals 58); and Form F-1 (10% of 3, rounded up, equals 1). The sum 
of these increases, which is equal to 71, is then added to the total 
of 694 Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 filed by the subject companies in 
2006.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To calculate the total effect of the proposed amendments on the 
overall compliance burden for all issuers, large and small, we 
subtracted the burden associated with the 694 fewer Forms S-1, SB-2 and 
F-1 registration statements that we expect will be filed annually in 
the future and added the burden associated with our estimate of 765 
additional Forms S-3 and F-3 filed annually as a result of the 
proposal. We used current Office of Management and Budget estimates in 
our calculation of the hours and cost burden associated with preparing, 
reviewing and filing each of these forms.
    Consistent with current Office of Management and Budget estimates 
and recent Commission rulemaking,\75\ we estimate that 25% of the 
burden of preparation of Forms S-3, S-1, SB-2, F-3 and F-1 is carried 
by the company internally and that 75% of the burden is carried by 
outside professionals retained by the issuer at an average cost of $400 
per hour.\76\ The portion of the burden carried by outside 
professionals is reflected as a cost, while the portion of the burden 
carried by the company internally is reflected in hours.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \75\ For discussions of the relative burden of preparation of 
registration statements under the Securities Act allocated between 
issuers internally and their outside advisers, see Executive 
Compensation and Related Person Disclosure, Release No. 33-8732A 
(Aug. 29, 2006) [71 FR 56225] and Release No. 33-8591.
    \76\ In connection with other recent rulemakings, we have had 
discussions with several private law firms to estimate an hourly 
rate of $400 as the average cost of outside professionals that 
assist issuers in preparing disclosures and conducting registered 
offerings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The table below illustrates our estimates concerning the 
incremental annual compliance burden in the collection of information 
in hours and cost for Forms S-3, S-1, SB-2, F-3 and F-1 as a result of 
this proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \77\ This reflects current Office of Management and Budget 
estimates.

 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Estimated change
                 Form                       in  annual       Hours/form\77\      Incremental         25% Issuer      75% Professional       $400/hr
                                            responses                               burden                                             Professional cost
                                                      (A)                (B)                (C)=(A)*(B)        (D)=(C)*0.25       (E)=(C)*0.75       (F)=(E)*$400
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S-3...................................               761                459            349,299          87,324.75         261,974.25       $104,789,000
S-1...................................              (118)             1,176           (138,768)           (34,692)          (104,076)       (41,630,400)
SB-2..................................              (573)               638           (365,574)         (91,393.5)        (274,180.5)      (109,672,200)
F-3...................................                 4                166                664                166                498            199,200
F-1...................................                (3)             1,809             (5,427)         (1,356.75)         (4,070.25)        (1,628,100)
                                       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................  .................  .................          (159,806)         (39,951.5)        (119,854.5)       (47,941,800)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Request for Comment

    We request comment in order to evaluate the accuracy of our 
estimate of the burden of the collections of information.\78\ Any 
member of the public may direct to us any comments concerning the 
accuracy of these burden estimates. Persons who desire to submit 
comments on the collection of information requirements should direct 
their comments to the OMB, Attention: Desk Officer for the Securities 
and Exchange Commission, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 
Washington, DC 20503, and should send a copy of the comments to Nancy 
M. Morris, Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, 
NE., Washington, DC 20549-1090, with reference to File No. S7-10-07. 
Requests for materials submitted to the OMB by us with regard to this 
collection of information should be in writing, refer to File No. S7-
10-07, and be submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission, 
Office of Filings and Information Services, Branch of Records 
Management, 6432 General Green Way, Alexandria, VA 22312. Because the 
OMB is required to make a decision concerning the collections of 
information between 30 and 60 days after publication, your comments are 
best assured of having their full effect if the OMB receives them 
within 30 days of publication.

 III. Cost-Benefit Analysis

A. Summary of Proposals

    We are proposing revisions to the transaction eligibility 
requirements of Forms S-3 and F-3 that would allow companies to take 
advantage of these forms for primary offerings regardless of the size 
of their public float. Whereas secondary offerings may be registered on 
Forms S-3 and F-3 irrespective of float, the current instructions to 
Forms S-3 and F-3 restrict the use of these forms for primary 
securities offerings to companies that have a minimum of $75 million in 
public float calculated within 60 days prior to the date the 
registration statement is filed. To expand the availability of Forms S-
3 and F-3 for primary offerings to more companies, we propose to allow 
companies with

[[Page 35130]]

less than $75 million in public float to register primary offerings of 
their securities on Forms S-3 and F-3, provided:
     They meet the other registrant eligibility conditions for 
the use of Form S-3 or Form F-3, as applicable;
     They are not shell companies and have not been shell 
companies for at least 12 calendar months before filing the 
registration statement; and
     They do not sell more than the equivalent of 20% of their 
public float in primary offerings under General Instruction I.B.6. of 
Form S-3 or under General Instruction I.B.5. of Form F-3 over any 
period of 12 calendar months.

B. Benefits

    The ability to conduct primary offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 
confers significant advantages on eligible companies in terms of cost 
savings and capital formation. The time required to prepare Form S-3 or 
Form F-3 is significantly lower than that required for Forms S-1, F-1 
and SB-2.\79\ This difference is magnified by the fact that Form S-3 
and Form F-3, unlike Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1, permit registrants to 
forward incorporate required information by reference to disclosure in 
their Exchange Act filings. Therefore, Form S-3 and Form F-3 
registration statements can be automatically updated. This allows such 
companies to avoid additional delays and interruptions in the offering 
process and can reduce the costs associated with preparing and filing 
post-effective amendments to the registration statement.
    Overall, we anticipate that the proposed expansion of Form S-3 and 
Form F-3 eligibility will decrease the aggregate costs of complying 
with the Commission's rules by allowing companies previously eligible 
to use only Form S-1, Form SB-2 or Form F-1 the use of short-form 
registration on Form S-3 or Form F-3, as applicable. Using our 
estimates prepared for purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act, we 
estimate that under the proposal the annual decrease in the compliance 
burden for companies to comply with our proposed collection of 
information requirements to be approximately 39,952 hours of in-house 
company personnel time (valued at $6,992,000\80\) and to be 
approximately $47,942,000 for the services of outside professionals. If 
our assumptions regarding these costs and current practices are not 
correct or complete, then the decreased costs we anticipate may prove 
to be either higher or lower than our current estimate.
    In addition to the benefits associated with the estimated reduction 
in the time required to prepare Forms S-3 and F-3 in lieu of Forms S-1, 
SB-2 and F-1, and a company's ability to forward incorporate prospectus 
disclosure by reference, Forms S-3 and F-3 provide substantial 
flexibility to companies raising money in the capital markets, which 
ultimately may reduce the cost of capital for such companies and 
facilitate their access to additional sources of investment. Companies 
that are eligible to use Form S-3 or Form F-3 for primary offerings are 
able to conduct delayed and continuous registered offerings under Rule 
415 of the Securities Act, which provides considerable flexibility in 
accessing the public securities markets from time to time in response 
to changes in the market and other factors. Eligible companies are 
permitted to register securities prior to planning any offering and, 
once the registration statement is effective, offer these securities in 
one or more tranches without waiting for further Commission action. By 
having more control over the timing of their offerings, these companies 
can take advantage of desired market conditions, thus allowing them to 
raise capital on more favorable terms (such as pricing) or to obtain 
lower interest rates on debt. In addition, they can vary certain terms 
of the securities being offered upon short notice, enabling them to 
more efficiently meet the competitive requirements of the public 
securities markets. We believe that extending shelf registration 
benefits to more companies, as we have proposed, will facilitate the 
capital-raising efforts of smaller public companies who currently have 
fewer financing options than their larger counterparts.\81\ 
Consequently, we anticipate that the proposal, if adopted, would result 
in smaller issuers raising more capital through the public markets 
rather than through exempt offerings conducted in the domestic and 
offshore markets. Investors in these companies will benefit by such 
companies' improved access to capital on more favorable terms. In 
particular, investors in smaller public companies may be less subject 
to the risk of dilution in the value of their shares if the companies 
in which they invest are able to meet more of their capital needs in 
the public markets. By selling into the public markets, these companies 
may be able to avoid the substantial pricing discounts that private 
investors often demand to compensate them for the relative illiquidity 
of the restricted shares they are purchasing.\82\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \78\ Comments are requested pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(B).
    \79\ The Office of Management and Budget currently estimates the 
time required to prepare Form S-3 and Form F-3 as 459 hours and 166 
hours, respectively. This is contrasted with current estimates for 
Form S-1, F-1 and SB-2 as 1,176 hours, 1,809 hours and 638 hours, 
respectively.
    \80\ Consistent with recent rulemaking releases, we estimate the 
value of work performed by the company internally at a cost of $175 
per hour.
    \81\ See generally, Chaplinsky and Haushalter, Financing Under 
Extreme Uncertainty: Contract Terms and Returns to Private 
Investments in Public Equity.
    \82\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The public registration of securities also provides additional 
benefits to investors over alternative forms of capital raising. To the 
extent that the amendments, if adopted, lead to an increase in the use 
of Form S-3 and Form F-3 as a source of financing and a decrease in 
private market alternatives, investors in those offerings will benefit 
from the additional investor protections associated with public 
registration.
    Notwithstanding our belief regarding the beneficial effects of the 
proposed amendments, however, any resulting benefits that accrue to 
companies and their investors as a result of these amendments will 
depend on future market conditions and circumstances unique to each 
company.

C. Costs

    As discussed in Section B. above, we do not expect that the 
proposed amendments to Forms S-3 and F-3 will materially increase 
companies' overall compliance costs associated with preparing, 
reviewing and filing these registration statements, although there may 
be some additional costs incurred by companies to monitor their ongoing 
compliance with the 20% sales restriction imposed by the amendments. At 
the same time, the amendments could result in certain additional market 
costs that are difficult to quantify. For example, it has been 
suggested that there are risks inherent in allowing smaller public 
companies to take advantage of shelf primary offerings on Forms S-3 and 
F-3: because this would permit such companies to avail themselves of 
periodic takedowns without further Commission action or prior staff 
review, concerns have been raised about the increased potential for 
fraud and market manipulation.\83\ Although the Commission would retain 
the authority to review registration statements before declaring them 
effective, individual takedowns are not subject to prior staff review. 
Under the current rules, if issuers are instead using Forms S-1, SB-2 
or F-1, they would be required to file separate registration statements 
for each new offering, which

[[Page 35131]]

would be subject to selective staff review before going effective. If 
these issuers can instead conduct shelf offerings on Form S-3 and Form 
F-3, there may be some loss of the deterrent effect on the companies' 
disclosures in connection with each takedown off the shelf because of 
the lack of prior staff review. In addition, the short time horizon of 
shelf offerings may also reduce the time that participating 
underwriters have to apply their independent scrutiny and judgment to 
an issuer's prospectus disclosure. We have also considered the effect 
the amendments may have on market demand in the securities of smaller 
public companies offered on Form S-3 and Form F-3. If there is a 
perception that smaller public company securities offered through shelf 
registration statements are more prone to abuse because of the lack of 
involvement by the Commission staff, this may erode investor confidence 
in these offerings generally. This could, in turn, make it more 
difficult for these companies to raise capital and significantly negate 
the benefits of the rule.
    While we recognize that extending the benefits of shelf 
registration to an expanded group of companies will, by necessity, 
limit the staff's direct involvement in takedowns of securities off the 
shelf and could therefore pose some risk to investors, we believe that 
the costs will be justified by the benefits that will accrue by 
facilitating the capital formation efforts of smaller public companies. 
As we have discussed elsewhere in this release, the risks to investor 
protection by expanding the base of companies eligible for primary 
offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 have been significantly mitigated by 
technological advances affecting the manner in which companies 
communicate with investors, allowing widespread, direct, and 
contemporaneous accessibility of company disclosure at little or no 
cost. Moreover, the scope of heightened disclosure obligations and 
liability of smaller public companies under the Federal securities laws 
are sufficiently comparable for these purposes to the largest reporting 
companies such that the proposed expansion of Form S-3 and Form F-3 
primary offering eligibility should not adversely impact investors. In 
this regard, to ensure that the expansion of eligibility is carried out 
with appropriate moderation and attention to the continued protection 
of investors, we have proposed to exclude shell companies from 
eligibility and to impose a 20% restriction on the amount of securities 
that can be sold into the market in any period of 12 calendar months by 
eligible issuers on Forms S-3 and F-3. We note, however, that 
monitoring compliance with this 20% limitation may be more difficult 
given the lack of prior staff review before a shelf offering.

D. Request for Comment

    We solicit comments, including quantitative data, to assist our 
assessment of the costs and benefits of the proposal that we have 
identified, or any other costs or benefits that we have not addressed 
but ought to consider. Commenters are encouraged to address any 
potentially material costs and benefits, whether direct or indirect.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \83\ See n. 45 above.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Consideration of Burden on Competition and Promotion of Efficiency, 
Competition and Capital Formation

    Securities Act Section 2(b) \84\ requires us, when engaging in 
rulemaking where we are required to consider or determine whether an 
action is necessary or appropriate in the public interest, to consider, 
in addition to the protection of investors, whether the action will 
promote efficiency, competition, and capital formation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \84\ 15 U.S.C. 77b(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We expect the proposed amendments, if adopted, to increase 
efficiency and enhance capital formation, and thereby benefit 
investors, by facilitating the ability of smaller public companies to 
access the capital markets consistent with investor protection. 
Currently, many companies are ineligible to use Forms S-3 and F-3 to 
register primary offerings of their securities because the size of 
their public float does not satisfy the $75 million threshold required 
by these forms. Consequently, they are unable to take advantage of the 
important benefits enjoyed by eligible companies, the most significant 
of which is the ability to conduct primary offerings on a delayed and 
continuous basis. The ability to register securities that may be taken 
off the shelf as needed, without prior staff review, provides a 
powerful tool for capital formation because it allows companies the 
flexibility to take advantage of desired market conditions efficiently 
and upon short notice. Companies may be able to raise capital more 
cheaply, quickly, and on more favorable terms than would otherwise be 
the case. We believe that investors in these companies will benefit by 
such companies' improved access to capital on more favorable terms. In 
particular, investors in smaller public companies may be less subject 
to the risk of dilution in the value of their shares if the companies 
in which they invest are able to meet more of their capital needs in 
the public markets. By selling into the public markets, these companies 
may be able to avoid the substantial pricing discounts that private 
investors often demand to compensate them, in part, for the relative 
illiquidity of the restricted shares they are purchasing.\85\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \85\ See n. 82.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We therefore believe that extending shelf registration benefits to 
more companies as we have proposed will facilitate the capital-raising 
efforts of smaller public companies who currently have fewer financing 
options than their larger counterparts.\86\ Consequently, we anticipate 
that the proposal, if adopted, would lead to efficiencies in capital 
formation, as smaller issuers would be able to raise more capital 
through the public markets rather than through exempt offerings 
conducted in the domestic and offshore markets.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \86\ See n. 81.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    At the same time, we have also considered the potential that the 
amendments might result in certain additional market costs that could 
limit any efficiencies realized. For example, it has been suggested 
that extending the benefits of shelf registration to an expanded group 
of companies will limit the staff's direct involvement in takedowns of 
securities off the shelf and could therefore pose some risk to 
investors. In addition, the short time horizon of shelf offerings also 
may reduce the time that participating underwriters have to apply their 
independent scrutiny and judgment to an issuer's prospectus disclosure. 
By reducing this staff and underwriter oversight, there is a risk that 
these securities offerings may be more vulnerable to abuses. Moreover, 
because companies with a smaller market capitalization, as a group, 
have a comparatively smaller market following than larger, well-
seasoned issuers and are more thinly traded, smaller companies' 
securities may be more vulnerable to potential manipulative practices. 
We also have considered the effect the amendments may have on market 
demand in the securities of smaller public companies offered on Form S-
3 and Form F-3. If there is a perception that smaller public company 
securities offered through shelf registration statements are more prone 
to abuse because of the lack of prior involvement by the Commission 
staff, this may erode investor confidence in these offerings generally. 
This could, in turn, make it more difficult for these companies to 
raise capital and

[[Page 35132]]

significantly negate the benefits of the rule.
    We do not believe that the potential efficiencies and benefits to 
capital formation resulting from the amendments will be substantially 
lessened by these potential costs. We believe that the risks to 
investor protection by expanding the base of companies eligible for 
primary offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 have been significantly 
mitigated by technological advances affecting the manner by which 
companies communicate with investors, allowing widespread, direct, and 
contemporaneous accessibility of company disclosure at little or no 
cost. Moreover, the scope of heightened disclosure obligations and the 
liability of smaller public companies under the federal securities laws 
are sufficiently comparable for these purposes to the largest reporting 
companies, such that the proposed expansion of Form S-3 and Form F-3 
primary offering eligibility should not adversely impact investors. In 
this regard, to provide that the expansion of eligibility is carried 
out with appropriate moderation and attention to the continued 
protection of investors, we have proposed to exclude shell companies 
from eligibility and to impose a 20% restriction on the amount of 
securities that can be sold into the market in any period of 12 
calendar months by eligible issuers on Forms S-3 and F-3.
    In addition to the salutary effects that we anticipate with respect 
to capital formation, companies may also realize cost efficiencies 
stemming from the enhanced ability to incorporate by reference 
disclosure information from their Exchange Act filings. Because Forms 
S-3 and F-3 allow a company maximum reliance on its Exchange Act 
filings to satisfy required prospectus disclosure, these registration 
statements can be more abbreviated than alternative registration forms 
and are updated automatically by the company's future Exchange Act 
filings. This translates into a reduction in the time and the cost of 
preparing and reviewing disclosure, filing documents, and retaining 
records. We estimate that under the proposal the annual decrease in the 
compliance burden for companies who previously were ineligible to use 
Forms S-3 and F-3 for primary offerings to be approximately 39,952 
hours of in-house company personnel time (valued at $6,992,000 \87\) 
and to be approximately $47,942,000 for the services of outside 
professionals.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \87\ See n. 80 above.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The effects of the proposed amendments on competition are difficult 
to predict, but it is possible that making it easier for smaller public 
issuers to access the domestic public securities markets will lead to a 
reallocation of capital, as companies that previously had little choice 
but to offer their securities in private offerings or in offshore 
markets because of their S-3 and F-3 ineligibility will now find it 
cost-effective to offer their securities domestically in primary 
offerings on Form S-3 and Form F-3. If such a reallocation occurs, it 
may also impact securities market professionals, such as finders, 
brokers and agents, who specialize in facilitating private securities 
offerings. The demand for these services may shift to the public 
markets, where other professionals, such as investment banks that 
underwrite public offerings, have a comparative advantage.
    We request comment on whether the proposals, if adopted, would 
promote efficiency, competition, and capital formation or have an 
impact or burden on competition. Commenters are requested to provide 
empirical data and other factual support for their views, if possible.

V. Initial Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis

    This Initial Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis has been prepared 
in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 603. It relates to proposed revisions to 
the eligibility requirements for the use of registration statements on 
Forms S-3 and F-3 to register primary offerings of securities.

A. Reasons for the Proposed Action

    Currently, many smaller public companies are ineligible to use 
Forms S-3 and F-3 to register primary offerings of their securities 
because the size of their public float does not satisfy the $75 million 
threshold required by these forms. Consequently, they are unable to 
take advantage of the important benefits enjoyed by eligible companies, 
the most significant of which is the ability to conduct primary 
offerings on a delayed and continuous basis. The ability to register 
securities that may be taken off the shelf as needed, without prior 
staff review, provides a powerful tool for capital formation because it 
allows companies the flexibility to take advantage of desired market 
conditions efficiently and on short notice. As such, eligible companies 
may be able to raise capital more cheaply, quickly, and on more 
favorable terms than would otherwise be the case. Without this source 
of financing, smaller public companies that are not eligible to 
register primary offerings on Form S-3 or From F-3 currently have 
fewer, and less favorable, financing options than their larger Form S-3 
and F-3-eligible counterparts.

B. Objectives

    The proposed amendments aim to amend Forms S-3 and F-3 to extend 
the benefits of incorporation by reference and shelf registration to 
more companies, which in turn will facilitate the ability of smaller 
public companies to access the capital markets.

C. Legal Basis

    We are proposing these amendments pursuant to Sections 6, 7, 8, 10 
and 19(a) of the Securities Act, as amended.

D. Small Entities Subject to the Proposed Amendments

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act defines ``small entity'' to mean 
``small business,'' ``small organization,'' or ``small governmental 
jurisdiction.'' \88\ The Commission's rules define ``small business'' 
and ``small organization'' for purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility 
Act for each of the types of entities regulated by the Commission.\89\ 
Roughly speaking, a ``small business'' and ``small organization,'' when 
used with reference to an issuer other than an investment company, 
means an issuer with total assets of $5 million or less on the last day 
of its most recent fiscal year. We estimate that there are 
approximately 1,100 issuers, other than investment companies, that may 
be considered reporting small entities.\90\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \88\ 5 U.S.C. Sec.  601(6).
    \89\ Rules 157 under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.157], 0-10 
under the Exchange Act [17 CFR 240.0-10] and 0-10 under the 
Investment Company Act [17 CFR 270.0-10] contain the applicable 
definitions.
    \90\ The estimated number of reporting small entities is based 
on 2007 data, including the Commission's EDGAR database and Thomson 
Financial's Worldscope database. This represents an update from the 
number of reporting small entities estimated in prior rulemakings. 
See, for example, Executive Compensation and Related Disclosure, 
Release No. 33-8732A (Aug. 29, 2006) [71 FR 53158] (in which the 
Commission's estimated a total of 2,500 small entities, other than 
investment companies).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposal would affect small entities that are not shell 
companies and satisfy the registrant eligibility requirements for the 
use of Form S-3 or Form F-3, which generally pertain to a company's 
reporting history under the Exchange Act.\91\ Based on these registrant 
eligibility requirements, we estimate that there are approximately 990 
small entities that would be affected by the proposal and would 
therefore become eligible to use Form S-3 or

[[Page 35133]]

Form F-3 for primary securities offerings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \91\ See n. 29 and n. 51 above.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Reporting, Recordkeeping and Other Compliance Requirements

    The proposed amendments to the transaction eligibility requirements 
of Forms S-3 and F-3 would affect only small entities that meet the 
registrant eligibility requirements of Form S-3 or Form F-3, as 
applicable, are not shell companies and choose voluntarily to register 
one or more primary securities offerings on Form S-3 or Form F-3. 
Because Forms S-3 and F-3 are abbreviated registration forms that can 
be updated automatically through incorporation by reference of a 
registrant's Exchange Act filings, we believe use of the forms by 
eligible small entities would decrease their existing compliance 
burden. Because the proposal does not affect the information disclosure 
requirements of Form S-3 or Form F-3, we do not believe that the costs 
of complying with the amendments for small entities will be 
disproportionate to that of large entities.\92\ We recognize, however, 
that there will be some additional costs associated with an issuer's 
need to continually monitor its compliance with the proposed 20% 
limitation on sales in any period of 12 calendar months, but we believe 
that any such costs will be insignificant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \92\ It should be noted, however, that General Instruction II.C. 
of Form S-3 currently requires ``small business issuers'' (as 
defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.405]) to refer 
to the disclosure items in Regulation S-B [17 CFR 228.10 et seq.] 
and not Regulation S-K. Since Regulation S-B disclosure requirements 
generally are less extensive than Regulation S-K, small business 
issuers that file on Form S-3 may have a comparatively lesser 
compliance burden than larger issuers. However, because the Office 
of Management and Budget does not provide average compliance 
estimates for Form S-3 that distinguish between filers subject to 
Regulation S-K and filers subject to Regulation S-B, we have not 
made such a distinction in this Initial Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act, we estimate the annual 
decrease in the paperwork burden for small entities to comply with our 
proposed collection of information requirements to be approximately 
7,854 hours of in-house company personnel time (valued at $1,375,000 
\93\) and to be approximately $9,425,000 for the services of outside 
professionals. To arrive at these estimates, we applied the same 
methodology to small entities that we described in Section II.C. above 
for large and small companies combined. Assuming that 990 small 
entities would be eligible for primary offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 
if the proposal is adopted, we estimated that these entities filed a 
total of 193 registration statements on Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 during 
the twelve months ending December 31, 2006.\94\ We then assumed that 
these filings on Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 would have been made instead 
on Forms S-3 or Form F-1, as applicable, to the extent that the issuers 
would not be limited by the proposed 20% restriction on the amount of 
securities they may offer in any period of 12 calendar months. 
Therefore, we assume that the Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 filed by the 
subject small entities will decrease from the number filed in 2006 but, 
because of the proposed 20% restriction on sales, this number will not 
decrease to 0. Instead, we believe that some Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 
will continue to be filed annually by these small entities. As such, we 
have taken the number of Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 that were filed by 
these small entities in calendar year 2006 and decreased this number by 
85% for each form, for a total decrease of 165 filings.\95\ Therefore, 
we assume that approximately 165 fewer Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 will be 
filed by all small entities in calendar year 2006. The actual number 
could be more or less depending on various factors, including future 
market conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \93\ See n. 80 above.
    \94\ The total of 193 filings is comprised of 21 Forms S-1; 172 
Forms SB-2; and 0 Forms F-1.
    \95\ This number deducts 85% from the totals for each of the 
three registration forms, as follows: Form S-1 (85% of 21, rounded 
up, equals 18); Form SB-2 (85% of 172, rounded up, equals 147); and 
Form F-1 (85% of 0 equals 0). Adding these together, the combined 
reduction is equal to 165 filings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Furthermore, we believe that the 990 small entities that we 
estimate will be affected by the rule change would have conducted more 
registered securities offerings had they been able to use Forms S-3 and 
F-3 because of the benefits of forward incorporation and the ability to 
utilize shelf registration to maximize market opportunities. We assume 
that the inability of these small entities to utilize Forms S-3 and F-3 
limited their capacity to access the public securities markets and, 
because of the cost and lack of flexibility associated with Forms S-1, 
SB-2 and F-1, either did not file registration statements on Forms S-1, 
SB-2 or F-1, or were limited in the number that they filed. We 
therefore believe that the annual number of responses on Forms S-3 and 
F-3 for purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act will increase by an 
increment greater than simply the total of 165 fewer registration 
statements on Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 that we estimate will be filed 
going forward by the 990 small entities who would qualify for primary 
offerings on Forms S-3 and F-3 as a result of our proposal. We further 
assume that this increase in Forms S-3 and F-3 will be mitigated to 
some degree by the proposed 20% restriction on securities sold in any 
period of 12 calendar months, which may limit the frequency and volume 
of additional securities offerings on Form S-3 and Form F-3. To reflect 
this, we have taken the 165 Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 that were filed by 
these small entities in calendar year 2006 and increased this number by 
10% for each form, for a total increase of 182 filings.\96\ Therefore, 
we assume that approximately 182 additional Forms S-3 and F-3 will be 
filed over and above the number of total Forms S-3 and F-3 filed by 
small entities in calendar year 2006. The actual number could be more 
or less depending on various factors, including future market 
conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \96\ This number adds a 10% premium to the individual totals for 
each of the three registration forms, as follows: Form S-1 (10% of 
18, rounded up, equals 2); Form SB-2 (10% of 147, rounded up, equals 
15); and Form F-1 (10% of 0 equals 0). The sum of these increases, 
which is equal to 17, is then added to the total of 165 Forms S-1, 
SB-2 and F-1 filed by the subject companies in 2006.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To calculate the total effect of the proposed amendments on the 
overall compliance burden for small entities, we subtracted the burden 
associated with the 165 fewer Forms S-1, SB-2 and F-1 registration 
statements that we expect will be filed annually by small entities in 
the future and added the burden associated with our estimate of 182 
additional Forms S-3 and F-3 filed annually by small entities as a 
result of the proposal. We used current Office of Management and Budget 
estimates in our calculation of the hours and cost burden associated 
with preparing, reviewing and filing each of these forms.
    We estimate that 25% of the burden of preparation of Forms S-3, S-
1, SB-2, F-3 and F-1 is carried by the small entity internally and that 
75% of the burden is carried by outside professionals retained by the 
small entity at an average cost of $400 per hour. The portion of the 
burden carried by outside professionals is reflected as a cost, while 
the portion of the burden carried by the small entity internally is 
reflected in hours.
    The table below illustrates our estimates concerning the 
incremental annual compliance burden in hours and cost for Forms S-3, 
S-1, SB-2, F-3 and F-1 for small entities as a result of this proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \97\ This reflects current Office of Management and Budget 
estimates.

[[Page 35134]]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Estimated change
                 Form                       in annual        Hours/form\77\      Incremental         25% Issuer      75% Professional       $400/hr
                                            responses                               burden                                             Professional cost
                                                      (A)                (B)                (C)=(A)*(B)        (D)=(C)*0.25       (E)=(C)*0.75       (F)=(E)*$400
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S-3...................................               182                459             83,538           20,884.5           62,653.5        $25,061,400
S-1...................................               (18)             1,176            (21,168)            (5,292)           (15,876)        (6,350,400)
SB-2..................................              (147)               638            (93,786)         (23,446.5)         (70,339.5)       (28,135,800)
F-3...................................                 0                166                  0                  0                  0                  0
F-1...................................                 0              1,809                  0                  0                  0                  0
                                       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................  .................  .................           (31,416)            (7,854)           (23,562)        (9,424,800)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We encourage written comments regarding this analysis. We solicit 
comments as to whether the proposed amendments could have an effect 
that we have not considered. We request that commenters describe the 
nature of any impact on small entities and provide empirical data to 
support the extent of the impact.

F. Duplicative, Overlapping or Conflicting Federal Rules

    We believe that there are no Federal rules that conflict with or 
completely duplicate the proposed amendments.

G. Significant Alternatives

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act directs us to consider significant 
alternatives that would accomplish the stated objectives, while 
minimizing any significant adverse impact on small entities. In 
connection with the proposal, the Regulatory Flexibility Act requires 
that we consider the following alternatives:
    1. Establishing different compliance or reporting requirements 
which take into account the resources available to smaller entities;
    2. The clarification, consolidation or simplification of disclosure 
for small entities;
    3. Use of performance standards rather than design standards; and
    4. Exempting smaller entities from coverage of the disclosure 
requirements, or any part thereof.
    Of these alternatives, only the last appears germane to this 
proposal. Alternative 3 is not applicable, as the distinction between 
performance standards and design standards has no bearing on the 
proposed amendments. Alternatives 1 and 2, because they pertain to 
establishing different or simplified reporting requirements for smaller 
entities, also would not seem helpful in this instance because our 
proposal, if adopted, would reduce the compliance burden on eligible 
smaller entities. Regarding Alternative 4, we considered relaxing the 
transaction eligibility requirements for Forms S-3 and F-3 to a greater 
degree than we are proposing. As discussed above in this release, some 
have advocated in favor of allowing primary offerings on Form S-3 by 
all companies that have been reporting under the Exchange Act for at 
least one year and are current in their Exchange Act reporting at the 
time of filing. As we stated, however, we decline at this time to 
propose a less restrictive eligibility requirement. We believe that 
imposing the 20% limitation on the amount of securities that smaller 
public companies may sell pursuant to primary offerings on Forms S-3 
and F-3, as described, strikes the appropriate balance between helping 
to facilitate capital formation through the securities markets and our 
primary objective of investor protection.

H. Solicitation of Comment

    We encourage the submission of comments with respect to any aspect 
of this Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis. In particular, we 
request comments regarding:
     The number of small entity issuers that may be affected by 
the proposed revisions to Forms S-3 and F-3;
     The existence or nature of the potential impact of the 
proposed revisions on small entity issuers discussed in the analysis; 
and
     How to quantify the impact of the proposed revisions.
    Commenters are asked to describe the nature of any impact and 
provide empirical data supporting the extent of the impact. Such 
comments will be considered in the preparation of the Final Regulatory 
Flexibility Analysis, if the proposed revisions are adopted, and will 
be placed in the same public file as comments on the proposed 
amendments.

VI. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act

    For purposes of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness 
Act of 1996,\98\ a rule is ``major'' if it has resulted, or is likely 
to result in:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \98\ Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, 110 Stat. 857 (1996).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     An annual effect on the U.S. economy of $100 million or 
more;
     A major increase in costs or prices for consumers or 
individual industries; or
     Significant adverse effects on competition, investment or 
innovation.
    We request comment on whether our proposal would be a ``major 
rule'' for purposes of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 
Fairness Act. We solicit comment and empirical data on:
     The potential effect on the U.S. economy on an annual 
basis;
     Any potential increase in costs or prices for consumers or 
individual industries; and
     Any potential effect on competition, investment, or 
innovation.

VII. Statutory Authority and Text of the Amendments

    The amendments described in this release are being proposed under 
the authority set forth in Sec. Sec.  6, 7, 8, 10 and 19(a) of the 
Securities Act, as amended.

List of Subjects in 17 CFR Part 239

    Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Securities.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, the Commission proposes to 
amend title 17, chapter II, of the Code of Federal Regulations as 
follows:

PART 239--FORMS PRESCRIBED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

    1. The authority citation for part 239 is revised to read in part 
as follows:

    Authority: 15 U.S.C. 77f, 77g, 77h, 77j, 77s, 77z-2, 77z-3, 
77sss, 78c, 78l, 78m, 78n, 78o(d), 78u-5, 78w(a), 78ll(d), 77mm, 
80a-2(a), 80a-3, 80a-8, 80a-9, 80a-10, 80a-13, 80a-24, 80a-26, 80a-
29, 80a-30, and 80a-37, unless otherwise noted.
* * * * *
    2. Amend Form S-3 (referenced in Sec.  239.13) by adding General 
Instruction I.B.6. to read as follows:

    Note: The text of Form S-3 does not, and this amendment will 
not, appear in the Code of Federal Regulations.


[[Page 35135]]



Form S-3--Registration Statement Under The Securities Act of 1933

* * * * *

General Instructions

I. Eligibility Requirements for Use of Form S-3 * * *

B. Transaction Requirements * * *

    6. Limited Primary Offerings by Certain Other Registrants. 
Securities to be offered for cash by or on behalf of a registrant; 
provided that:
    (a) The aggregate market value of securities sold by or on 
behalf of the registrant pursuant to this Instruction I.B.6. during 
the period of 12 calendar months immediately prior to, and 
including, the sale is no more than 20% of the aggregate market 
value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-
affiliates of the registrant; and
    (b) The registrant is not a shell company (as defined in Sec.  
230.405 of this chapter) and has not been a shell company for at 
least 12 calendar months previously and if it has been a shell 
company at any time previously, has filed current Form 10 
information with the Commission at least 12 calendar months 
previously reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell 
company.

Instructions

    1. ``Common equity'' is as defined in Securities Act Rule 405 
(Sec.  230.405 of this chapter). For purposes of computing the 
aggregate market value of the registrant's outstanding voting and 
non-voting common equity pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6., 
registrants shall use the price at which the common equity was last 
sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of such common 
equity, in the principal market for such common equity as of a date 
within 60 days prior to the date of sale. See the definition of 
``affiliate'' in Securities Act Rule 405 (Sec.  230.405 of this 
chapter).
    2. For purposes of computing the aggregate market value of all 
securities sold by or on behalf of the registrant in offerings 
pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. during any period of 12 
calendar months, registrants shall aggregate the gross proceeds of 
such sales; provided, that, in the case of derivative securities 
convertible into or exercisable for shares of the registrant's 
common equity, registrants shall calculate the aggregate market 
value of any underlying equity shares in lieu of the market value of 
the derivative securities. The aggregate market value of the 
underlying equity shall be calculated by multiplying the maximum 
number of common equity shares into which the derivative securities 
are convertible or for which they are exercisable as of a date 
within 60 days prior to the date of sale, by the same per share 
market price of the registrant's equity used for purposes of 
calculating the aggregate market value of the registrant's 
outstanding voting and non-voting common equity pursuant to 
Instruction 1 to General Instruction I.B.6. If the derivative 
securities have been converted or exercised, the aggregate market 
value of the underlying equity shall be calculated by multiplying 
the actual number of shares into which the securities were converted 
or received upon exercise, by the market price of such shares on the 
date of conversion or exercise.
    3. If the aggregate market value of the registrant's outstanding 
voting and non-voting common equity computed pursuant to General 
Instruction I.B.6. equals or exceeds $75 million subsequent to the 
effective date of this registration statement, then the 20% 
limitation on sales specified in General Instruction I.B.6(a) shall 
not apply to additional sales made pursuant to this registration 
statement on or subsequent to such date and instead the registration 
statement shall be considered filed pursuant to General Instruction 
I.B.1.
    4. The term ``Form 10 information'' means the information that 
is required by Form 10, Form 10-SB, or Form 20-F (Sec.  249.210, 
Sec.  249.210b, or Sec.  249.220f of this chapter), as applicable to 
the registrant, to register under the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 each class of securities being registered using this form. A 
registrant may provide the Form 10 information in another Commission 
filing with respect to the registrant.
    5. The date used in Instruction 2 to General Instruction I.B.6. 
shall be the same date used in Instruction 1 to General Instruction 
I.B.6.
    6. A registrant's eligibility to register a primary offering on 
Form S-3 pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. does not mean that 
the registrant meets the requirements of Form S-3 for purposes of 
any other rule or regulation of the Commission apart from Rule 
415(a)(1)(x) (Sec.  230.415(a)(1)(x)) of this chapter).
* * * * *
    3. Amend Form F-3 (referenced in Sec.  239.33) by adding General 
Instruction I.B.5. to read as follows:

    Note: The text of Form F-3 does not, and this amendment will 
not, appear in the Code of Federal Regulations.

Form F-3--Registration Statement Under the Securities Act of 1933

* * * * *

General Instructions

I. Eligibility Requirements for Use of Form F-3 * * *

B. Transaction Requirements * * *

    5. Limited Primary Offerings by Certain Other Registrants. 
Securities to be offered for cash by or on behalf of a registrant; 
provided that:
    (a) The aggregate market value of securities sold by or on 
behalf of the registrant pursuant to this Instruction I.B.5. during 
the period of 12 calendar months immediately prior to, and 
including, the sale is no more than 20% of the aggregate market 
value worldwide of the voting and non-voting common equity held by 
non-affiliates of the registrant; and
    (b) The registrant is not a shell company (as defined in Sec.  
230.405 of this chapter) and has not been a shell company for at 
least 12 calendar months previously and if it has been a shell 
company at any time previously, has filed current Form 10 
information with the Commission at least 12 calendar months 
previously reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell 
company.

Instructions

    1. ``Common equity'' is as defined in Securities Act Rule 405 
(Sec.  230.405 of this chapter). For purposes of computing the 
aggregate market value of the registrant's outstanding voting and 
non-voting common equity pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5., 
registrants shall use the price at which the common equity was last 
sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of such common 
equity, in the principal market for such common equity as of a date 
within 60 days prior to the date of sale. See the definition of 
``affiliate'' in Securities Act Rule 405 (Sec.  230.405 of this 
chapter).
    2. For purposes of computing the aggregate market value of all 
securities sold by or on behalf of the registrant in offerings 
pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5. during any period of 12 
calendar months, registrants shall aggregate the gross proceeds of 
such sales; provided, that, in the case of derivative securities 
convertible into or exercisable for shares of the registrant's 
common equity, registrants shall calculate the aggregate market 
value of any underlying equity shares in lieu of the market value of 
the derivative securities. The aggregate market value of the 
underlying equity shall be calculated by multiplying the maximum 
number of common equity shares into which the derivative securities 
are convertible or for which they are exercisable as of a date 
within 60 days prior to the date of sale, by the same per share 
market price of the registrant's equity used for purposes of 
calculating the aggregate market value of the registrant's 
outstanding voting and non-voting common equity pursuant to 
Instruction 1 to General Instruction I.B.5. If the derivative 
securities have been converted or exercised, the aggregate market 
value of the underlying equity shall be calculated by multiplying 
the actual number of shares into which the securities were converted 
or received upon exercise, by the market price of such shares on the 
date of conversion or exercise.
    3. If the aggregate market value of the registrant's outstanding 
voting and non-voting common equity computed pursuant to General 
Instruction I.B.5. equals or exceeds $75 million subsequent to the 
effective date of this registration statement, then the 20% 
limitation on sales specified in General Instruction I.B.5(a) shall 
not apply to additional sales made pursuant to this registration 
statement on or subsequent to such date and instead the registration 
statement shall be considered filed pursuant to General Instruction 
I.B.1.
    4. The term ``Form 10 information'' means the information that 
is required by Form 10, Form 10-SB, or Form 20-F (Sec.  249.210, 
Sec.  249.210b, or Sec.  249.220f of this chapter), as applicable to 
the registrant, to register under the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 each class of securities being registered using this form. A 
registrant may provide the Form 10 information in another Commission 
filing with respect to the registrant.
    5. The date used in Instruction 2 to General Instruction I.B.5. 
shall be the same date used in Instruction 1 to General Instruction 
I.B.5.
    6. A registrant's eligibility to register a primary offering on 
Form F-3 pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5. does not mean that

[[Page 35136]]

the registrant meets the requirements of Form F-3 for purposes of 
any other rule or regulation of the Commission apart from Rule 
415(a)(1)(x) (Sec.  230.415(a)(1)(x)) of this chapter.
* * * * *

    Dated: June 20, 2007.

    By the Commission.
Nancy M. Morris,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. E7-12301 Filed 6-25-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010-01-P