[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 118 (Wednesday, June 20, 2007)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 34074-34155]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 07-2979]



[[Page 34073]]

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Part II





Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board





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36 CFR Part 1195



 Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Accessibility Guidelines for Outdoor 
Developed Areas; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 118 / Wednesday, June 20, 2007 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 34074]]


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ARCHITECTURAL AND TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS COMPLIANCE BOARD

36 CFR Part 1195

[Docket No. 2007-02]
RIN 3014-AA22


Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Accessibility Guidelines for 
Outdoor Developed Areas

AGENCY: Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board 
(Access Board) is proposing to issue accessibility guidelines for 
outdoor developed areas designed, constructed, or altered by Federal 
agencies subject to the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968. The 
guidelines cover trails, outdoor recreation access routes, beach access 
routes, and picnic and camping facilities.

DATES: Comments should be received by October 18, 2007. The Access 
Board will hold hearings on July 24, 2007 from 2 p.m. until 5 p.m. and 
on September 6, 2007 from 2 p.m. until 5 p.m.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by Docket No. 2007-02, 
by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
     E-mail: board.gov">outdoor@access-board.gov. Include Docket No. 2007-
02 in the subject line of the message.
     Fax: (202) 272-0081.
     Mail or Hand Delivery: Office of Technical and Information 
Services, Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, 
1331 F Street, NW., suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-1111.
    All submissions received must include the agency name and docket 
number for this rulemaking. All comments received will be posted 
without change to http://www.access-board.gov, including any personal 
information provided. Comments will also be available for inspection at 
the above address from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on regular business days. The 
hearing on July 24, 2007 will be held at the Westin Westminster, 10600 
Westminster Boulevard, Westminster, CO 80020; the hearing on September 
6, 2007 will be held at the Madison Hotel, 1177 Fifteenth Street, NW., 
Washington, DC 20005.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Bill Botten, Office of Technical and 
Information Services, Architectural and Transportation Barriers 
Compliance Board, 1331 F Street, NW., suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-
1111. Telephone number (202) 272-0014 (Voice); (202) 272-0082 (TTY). 
These are not toll-free numbers. E-mail address: board.gov">botten@access-board.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Availability of Copies and Electronic Access

    Single copies of this publication may be obtained at no cost by 
calling the Access Board's automated publications order line (202) 272-
0080, by pressing 2 on the telephone keypad, then 1 and requesting 
publication S-65 (Outdoor Developed Areas Notice of Proposed 
Rulemaking). Please record your name, address, city, State, zip code, 
telephone number and request publication code S-65. Persons using a TTY 
should call (202) 272-0082. This document is available in alternate 
formats upon request. Persons who want this publication in an alternate 
format should specify the type of format (cassette tape, Braille, large 
print, or ASCII disk). This document is also available on the Board's 
Web site (http://www.access-board.gov).

Background

    The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board 
(Access Board) is responsible for developing accessibility guidelines 
to ensure that new construction and alterations of facilities subject 
to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Architectural 
Barriers Act of 1968 are readily accessible to and usable by 
individuals with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act 
applies to State and local government facilities, places of public 
accommodation, and commercial facilities. The Architectural Barriers 
Act applies to federally financed facilities.
    The Access Board has developed accessibility guidelines for 
buildings and various other facilities subject to the Americans with 
Disabilities Act and the Architectural Barriers Act. The Access Board 
recently revised the Americans with Disabilities Act and the 
Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines in 2004. 69 FR 
44084 (July, 23, 2004). The revised accessibility guidelines are 
codified at 36 CFR Part 1191, Appendices A through E, and are available 
at the Access Board's Web site (http://www.access-board.gov/ada-aba/final.htm). The revised accessibility guidelines include scoping and 
technical provisions for several types of recreation facilities, 
including recreational boating facilities, fishing piers and platforms, 
golf facilities, play areas, and swimming pools. However, the revised 
accessibility guidelines do not address access to such outdoor 
developed areas as trails, beaches, and picnic and camping facilities.
    The Access Board convened a Recreation Access Advisory Committee in 
1993 as the first step in developing accessibility guidelines for 
outdoor developed areas and other recreation facilities. The advisory 
committee presented its report in 1994, and the Access Board issued an 
Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) the same year requesting 
public comment on the committee's recommendations. 59 FR 48542 
(September 21, 1994). The public comments revealed a lack of consensus 
on some major issues regarding outdoor developed areas.
    The Access Board subsequently established a regulatory negotiation 
committee in 1997 to propose accessibility guidelines for outdoor 
developed areas.\1\ Regulatory negotiation is a supplement to the 
traditional rulemaking process that allows for face to face 
negotiations among representatives of affected interests, including the 
agency, with a goal of reaching consensus on a proposed rule. The 
proposed rule is then published in the Federal Register and the public 
has an opportunity to comment. Based on public comments received, the 
final rule may differ from the proposed rule. The regulatory 
negotiation committee reached consensus on proposed accessibility 
guidelines for outdoor developed areas, and presented its report to the 
Access Board in 1999. The regulatory negotiation committee's report is 
available at the Access Board's Web site (http://www.access-board.gov/outdoor/outdoor-rec-rpt.htm).
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    \1\ The following organizations were represented on the 
regulatory negotiation committee: American Society of Landscape 
Architects; American Camping Association; American Trails; 
Appalachian Trail Conference; Association of Blind Athletes; Hawaii 
Commission on Persons with Disabilities; KOA, Inc.; National 
Association of State Park Directors; National Association of State 
Trail Administrators; National Center on Accessibility; National 
Council on Independent Living; National Recreation and Park 
Association; National Spinal Cord Injury Association; New York State 
Department of Environmental Conservation; Paralyzed Veterans of 
America; Partners for Access to the Woods; Rails to Trails 
Conservancy; State of Washington, Interagency Committee for Outdoor 
Recreation; TASH; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S. Department of Interior, National 
Park Service; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway 
Administration; U.S. Access Board; and Whole Access.
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    Federal agencies are required to assess the impacts of proposed 
rules and final rules, and prepare detailed analyses of

[[Page 34075]]

the costs and benefits of the rules if the impacts are economically 
significant.\2\ Sufficient data is not presently available for the 
Access Board to assess the impacts of the proposed accessibility 
guidelines for outdoor developed areas on State and local governments 
and private entities. Consequently, the Access Board has decided to 
limit this proposed rule to outdoor developed areas designed, 
constructed, or altered by Federal agencies subject to the 
Architectural Barriers Act. At a future date, when an assessment of the 
impacts on State and local governments and private entities can be 
prepared, the Access Board will conduct a separate rulemaking for 
outdoor developed areas subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act.
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    \2\ A rule is considered economically significant if it may have 
``an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more, or 
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities.'' Executive Order 12866, section (f)(1).
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    The proposed rule will primarily affect the following Federal land 
management agencies and their components: Department of Agriculture 
(Forest Service); Department of Interior (National Park Service, Fish 
and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of 
Reclamation), and Department of Defense (Army Corps of Engineers). In 
May 2006, the Forest Service published a notice of a final directive 
that requires compliance with the Forest Service Outdoor Recreation 
Accessibility Guidelines (FSORAG), 71 FR 29288 (May 22, 2006), and the 
Forest Service Trail Accessibility Guidelines (FSTAG) 71 FR 29294 (May 
22, 2006). The FSORAG and FSTAG provide accessibility direction for 
outdoor developed recreation areas in the National Forest System. When 
the Board finalizes its accessibility guidelines for outdoor developed 
areas, the Forest Service will revise the FSORAG and FSTAG as needed to 
incorporate the Board's guidelines.
    The proposed accessibility guidelines in the regulatory negotiation 
committee's report followed the format and numbering system of the 
Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines that was 
initially issued by the Access Board in 1991. As indicated earlier, the 
Access Board revised the Americans with Disabilities Act and the 
Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines in 2004. The 
revised accessibility guidelines use a new format and numbering system. 
The proposed rule follows the new format and numbering system of the 
revised accessibility guidelines. The proposed rule has also been 
edited to conform to the style of the revised accessibility guidelines. 
The substance of the proposed rule is the same as in the regulatory 
negotiation committee's report.
    The proposed rule is presented as a ``stand alone'' document. The 
proposed rule consists of four chapters. Chapter T1 contains general 
provisions. Chapter T2 contains scoping provisions for trails, outdoor 
recreation access routes, beach access routes, picnic and camping 
facilities, and elements associated with those facilities. Chapter T3 
contains technical provisions that are unique to the items scoped in 
Chapter T2. Chapter T4 contains supplementary technical provisions that 
are common to all facilities such as turning space, reach ranges, 
operable parts, and doors, and are also applicable to the items scoped 
in Chapter T2. Chapter T4 also adapts the technical provisions for 
toilet facilities to apply to pit toilets. Facilities and elements such 
as visitor centers, parking lots, plumbed toilets and bathing 
facilities, drinking fountains, recreational boating facilities, and 
fishing piers and platforms that are covered by the Architectural 
Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines issued in 2004 are not included 
in this proposed rule. A provision has been added to Chapter T2 
(T201.4) requiring facilities and elements covered by the Architectural 
Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines to comply with those guidelines.
    The Board invites comment on the format of the proposed rule and 
other format recommendations for the final rule.

Access Board Questions

    The Board requests comments on the following questions related to 
the accessibility guidelines proposed by the Regulatory Negotiation 
Committee.
    Question 1: The Board acknowledges the difficulty in reaching 
consensus on proposed accessibility guidelines for newly constructed 
and altered trails and appreciates the hard work of the regulatory 
negotiation committee. Throughout the committee's deliberations, 
several alternative approaches to addressing trail accessibility were 
considered. Some of the approaches considered and rejected included 
applying different provisions to ``front'' country and ``back'' country 
trails; general exemptions from accessibility in some areas; different 
provisions based on levels of development; and requiring only a certain 
percentage of new trails to be accessible. A summary of the committee's 
deliberations on these approaches is included in the preamble under the 
section on trails (T203). The committee reached consensus on the 
approach presented in this proposed rule. Should the approaches that 
were rejected be reconsidered? Are there other approaches the Board 
should consider? If so, please provide information on how the 
alternative approaches would be applied and their rationale.
    Question 2: The proposed guidelines include conditions for 
exceptions from the technical provisions (T302). Condition 4 permits 
specific exceptions to the technical provisions for trails where 
compliance would not be feasible due to terrain or prevailing 
construction practices. The term ``not feasible'' is used in Condition 
4 to specify what is ``reasonably do-able.'' It does not refer to the 
technical infeasibility or possibility of full compliance with the 
technical provisions. Should the word ``practicable'' also be used in 
this condition? That is, are there situations where it would be 
``reasonably do-able'' to comply with the guidelines, but it is not 
``practicable'' to do so? Should there be more guidance for determining 
what is or is not feasible or practicable in applying Condition 4? If 
so, what type of guidance should be provided? Should the guidance give 
specific examples of situations where certain provisions such as 
maximum running slope may not be feasible or practicable for a portion 
of a trail?
    Question 3: A newly constructed trail that complies with the 
technical provisions for trails would be considered an accessible trail 
and is required to display a symbol designating the trail as 
accessible. The committee did not reach consensus on what symbol should 
be displayed on the sign. Some suggested that the International Symbol 
of Accessibility that is used to designate accessible features in 
buildings was not appropriate to designate accessible trails because 
the technical provisions for trails differ from the technical 
provisions for accessible routes in buildings, and using the 
International Symbol of Accessibility for accessible trails may convey 
the message that accessible trails meet the same technical provisions 
as accessible routes in buildings. Others suggested that the 
International Symbol of Accessibility be paired with the International 
Hiker Symbol. Comments on this suggestion or other suggested symbols 
are welcome.
    The committee also recommended that trail signs provide detailed 
information about the trails' running

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slope, width, cross slope, and other characteristics. This would enable 
people to make informed decisions about using trails based on the 
characteristics of the trails. On the other hand, it was noted that 
this approach might result in signs that would be too elaborate and 
complicated, and some hikers might not be able to distinguish between 
the various characteristics to make appropriate choices. The Board 
requests comment on this issue. Information is provided in the advisory 
note to T321.2 showing examples of signs and other details. Question 25 
also requests further comment on trail signage.
    Question 4: The committee proposed that a beach access route be 
required where pedestrian routes are provided to or along the edge of a 
beach. Several exceptions to this general requirement are included in 
the proposed rule. Section T205.2.3 Exception 6 provides an exception 
for pedestrian routes that are developed along the edge of an existing 
beach, such as a boardwalk. Under this exception, beach access routes 
would not be required if the pedestrian route or boardwalk is elevated 
6 inches or higher above the beach surface. The Board is concerned that 
this exception will not provide sufficient access for persons with 
disabilities, especially where lengthy elevated boardwalk systems are 
provided. In view of this, the Board requests comments on whether a 
higher threshold than 6 inches should be used.
    Question 5: The proposed rule requires beach access routes to be a 
minimum of 36 inches in width. Should this width be increased? When 
beach access routes are less than 60 inches in width, a passing space 
of 60 inches by 60 inches would be required every 200 feet. Should the 
passing space be larger? Should passing spaces be provided more 
frequently than every 200 feet? The Board is interested in information 
from designers or operators who have provided beach access routes.
    Question 6: The proposed rule requires beach access routes to 
extend to the water. The Board requests comments on whether beach 
access routes should connect managed elements and spaces often located 
on a beach such as beach volleyball courts, first aid stations, beach 
rental equipment facilities, and concession stands.
    Question 7: The proposed rule (T308.3) requires the height of the 
cooking surface of a grill to be 15 inches minimum to 34 inches maximum 
above the floor or ground surface. Is the 15 inch minimum height too 
low? If so, what dimension should be used and why?
    Question 8: The number of picnic tables, grills, benches, and other 
elements required to be accessible in this proposed rule is based on 
what is provided in an area. While no definition of area is provided, 
several examples are included in the advisory note to T206.2.2 to give 
guidance on what is intended. Areas may be ``designated locations'', 
separated and identified by a name or connected to a separate entrance 
road. Areas may also be separated and include different settings on the 
same site. For example, a picnic area located next to a lake in a park 
is considered a separate picnic area from a pavilion with numerous 
picnic tables within the same park. Does the term ``area'' need to be 
defined? If so, please provide a recommended definition.
    Question 9: Extensive information is included in the advisory note 
to T303.3 (Table A) on the degree of firmness and stability of a trail 
surface. The Board is seeking comment on whether the recommendations 
for the degree of surface firmness and stability should be based on the 
length of travel, the intended use, or the direction of traffic. For 
example, surfaces that are moderately firm or stable may be appropriate 
in areas where a cushioned surface is preferred (e.g., for a multi-use 
trail that includes equestrians).
    The Board requests comment on the concept of having a range of 
requirements for what will qualify as firm and stable. For example, is 
it acceptable for a trail under .5 miles in length to be only 
``moderately'' firm? Is it acceptable for a trail less than .1 miles in 
length to be only ``moderately'' firm and ``moderately'' stable? 
Further, is it appropriate to consider a surface firm if the wheel of a 
wheelchair sinks into it by .5 inch? And, is it appropriate to measure 
both firmness and stability by the same wheelchair penetration test? 
While this information is only advisory, the Board requests comments on 
whether it should be included in the advisory at all.
    Question 10: Should the number of required accessible outdoor 
elements such as picnic tables, fire rings, and benches be increased 
from the scoping provisions in Chapter T2? In most cases, 50% of the 
elements provided are required to be accessible. Of those elements 
required to be accessible, 40% are also required to be connected by an 
outdoor recreation access route. The Board is interested in comments 
and alternatives to the scoping provisions for these elements.
    Question 11: The guidelines issued by the Board in 2004 include 
changes to the technical provisions for reach ranges. The high side 
reach was changed from 54 inches to 48 inches maximum. Additionally, 
the low reach was changed from 9 inches to 15 inches minimum. These 
revised reach range provisions are included in Chapter T4. However, the 
proposed low reach for the fire building surface on fire rings was 
unchanged. The Board did not modify this provision since the regulatory 
negotiation committee specifically addressed the 9 inch minimum for 
this element. The Board is interested in comment on the application of 
the revised reach ranges to the various controls and operating 
mechanisms addressed in this proposed rule.

General Issues

    The remainder of the preamble is from the report of the Regulatory 
Negotiation Committee.

Alterations and Maintenance

    Alterations and maintenance of trails were discussed extensively by 
the committee. As a result of these discussions, guidance in 
determining when actions would be considered ``maintenance'' or an 
``alteration'' was needed. Where actions are considered an alteration, 
certain technical provisions will apply. There are no obligations to 
follow any technical provisions where the actions are considered 
maintenance or repair.
    Routine or periodic maintenance or repair of existing trails or 
trail segments is exempt from scoping and technical provisions for 
accessible trails. Maintenance and repair is performed to return a 
trail or trail segment back to the standards or conditions to which it 
was originally designed and built. In outdoor environments, the ability 
to maintain a facility is generally more limited, occurring relatively 
infrequently, except in highly developed areas. This type of work is 
not an alteration; it does not change the original purpose, intent, or 
design of the trail. The act of maintenance and repair includes, but is 
not limited to:
     Removal of debris and vegetation such as downed trees or 
broken branches in the trailway, clearing a trail of encroaching brush 
or grasses, and removing rock slides;
     Maintenance of the trail tread such as filling ruts and 
entrenchments, reshaping trail beds, repairing trail surfaces and 
washouts; installing rip rap (rock placed to retain cut and fill 
slopes), and constructing retaining walls or cribbing to support the 
trail tread;
     Erosion control and drainage, replacing or installing 
necessary drainage structures such as drainage dips, water bars, or 
culverts, and

[[Page 34077]]

realigning sections of trail to deter erosion or avoid boggy or marshy 
areas; and
     Repair of trail or trailhead structures, including 
replacing deteriorated, damaged, or vandalized parts of structures such 
as sections of bridges, boardwalks, information kiosks, fencing, 
railings, and painting or removing graffiti.
    Where practicable and feasible, resource managers are encouraged to 
maximize the opportunity to improve accessibility on trails through 
trail maintenance and repair activities. Every time a trail is 
maintained, the opportunity to improve access is present.
    Question 12: The committee recognized that the distinction between 
alterations and maintenance activities is as critical to picnic areas, 
campgrounds, and beaches as it is to trails. Although the previous 
discussion specifically refers to trails, the examples could be 
extrapolated to include other outdoor elements. How should alteration 
and maintenance activities be defined for picnic areas, campgrounds, 
and beaches, including outdoor recreation access and beach access 
routes?
    Question 13: Should there be different construction tolerances for 
the outdoor environment? For example, should the construction 
tolerances be greater with respect to trails, picnic areas, camping 
facilities, and beach access routes than interior accessible routes? If 
so, how should those tolerances be defined?

Relationship Between Use of All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) and the 
Proposed Accessibility Guidelines for Trails

    During the committee deliberations, some individuals expressed 
concern that applying the proposed accessibility guidelines to trails 
in the ``back country'' or lesser developed portions of outdoor 
recreation areas would make it more difficult for public land managing 
agencies to appropriately manage the use of all terrain vehicles (ATVs) 
and off highway vehicles (OHVs) in these areas. One concern was that 
requiring land managing agencies to consider making trails in lesser 
developed areas accessible according to the proposed guidelines would 
make it more difficult to control and restrict where these types of 
devices may be used.
    The proposed guidelines for trails address their design, 
construction, and alteration in the same manner that other 
accessibility provisions address fixed facilities. They are similarly 
based on the dimensions and use patterns of those assistive devices 
commonly referenced throughout the Board's guidelines. While in the 
outdoor environment it may be possible to encompass a wider variety of 
mobility enhancing equipment, the necessity of protecting the 
environment and maintaining the appropriateness of the setting might 
exclude certain devices, particularly ATVs or OHVs. That decision is 
reserved for the administrative agency or owner of the affected 
property and is beyond the scope of these guidelines.

Trails Used as Transportation Facilities (Shared Use Paths)

    Many trails are used as non-motorized transportation facilities. 
Users may include bicyclists and skaters as well as pedestrians. These 
accessibility guidelines apply to these trails. However, bicyclists and 
skaters have design needs which exceed the minimum guidelines for 
trails. A trail designed only to meet the proposed accessibility 
guidelines for trails may not be adequate, and possibly hazardous for 
bicyclists or skaters.
    The primary design guide for bicycle and shared use facilities is 
the ``Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities'' from the 
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 
(AASHTO), 1999. The AASHTO Guide defines a ``shared use path'' as a 
facility on exclusive right-of-way and minimal cross flow by motor 
vehicles. Users generally include bicyclists, skaters, and pedestrians. 
(In areas with heavy snow, shared use paths may be used by cross-
country skiers or snowmobilers.) A summary of how the AASHTO Guide 
relates to the proposed accessibility guidelines for trails is 
provided. In most cases, the AASHTO Guide requires a greater level of 
accessibility when designing trails for pedestrians, including 
bicyclists and skaters.
    Shared use paths provide non-motorized transportation connections 
between neighborhoods and communities. They may be along old railroad 
corridors or rivers, or pass through parks. Shared use paths are 
usually separated from adjoining roadways or streets either by distance 
or a barrier, and are usually distinct from sidewalks. They generally 
have relatively few driveways or street crossings. A summary of how the 
AASHTO Guide relates to the proposed accessibility guidelines for 
trails is included below. Trails designed for recreational use by 
mountain bicyclists are not expected to meet AASHTO Guidelines.

 Comparison of American Association of State Highway and Transportation
  Officials (AASHTO) Guidelines for Bicycle Facilities and the Proposed
                          Guidelines for Trails
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                                               AASHTO guide for the
 Outdoor developed areas accessibility        development of bicycle
               guidelines                           facilities
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T303.3 Surface: Firm and stable........  Bicycles need the same firmness
                                          and stability as wheelchairs;
                                          skaters usually require a
                                          smooth, paved surface. Most
                                          shared use paths are paved,
                                          although crushed aggregate
                                          surfaces are used on some
                                          paths.
T303.4 Clear Tread Width: 36 inches (3   Shared use paths usually
 feet; 915 mm); exception for 32 inches   require a minimum 3 meter (10
 (815 mm).                                foot) width, plus a 0.6 meter
                                          (2 foot) safety buffer on both
                                          sides. A 2.4 m (8 foot) width
                                          may be allowed in low use
                                          facilities. Posts or bollards
                                          installed to restrict motor
                                          vehicle traffic should be
                                          spaced 1.5 m (5 feet) apart.
                                          Posts or bollards should be
                                          brightly painted and
                                          reflectorized for visibility.
                                          When more than one post is
                                          used, use an odd number, with
                                          one on the centerline to help
                                          direct opposing traffic.
T303.5 Openings (Gaps): To prevent       The AASHTO Guide does not
 wheelchair wheels and cane tips from     specify a maximum dimension
 being caught in surface openings or      for a surface opening, but
 gaps, openings in trail surfaces shall   openings should be minimized.
 be of a size which does not permit       Openings should not permit a
 passage of a \1/2\ inch (13 mm)          bicycle wheel to enter. Grates
 diameter sphere; elongated openings      should be flush with the
 must be perpendicular or diagonal to     surface, and elongated
 the direction of travel; exception to    openings should be
 permit parallel direction elongated      perpendicular to the direction
 openings if openings do not permit       of travel (diagonal openings
 passage of a \1/4\ inch (6 mm) sphere;   are more difficult for
 second exception to permit openings      bicyclists to negotiate).
 which do not permit passage of a \3/4\   Where openings are
 inch (19 mm) sphere.                     unavoidable, they should be
                                          clearly marked.

[[Page 34078]]

 
T322.1 Protruding Objects:T405 provide   Protruding objects should not
 a warning if vertical clearance is       exist within the clear tread
 less than 80 inches (2030 mm).           width of a shared use path.
                                          Vertical clearance on shared
                                          use paths should be a minimum
                                          of 3 m (10 feet) or the full
                                          clear width including safety
                                          buffers. Where vertical
                                          barriers and obstructions,
                                          such as abutments, piers, and
                                          other features are
                                          unavoidable, they should be
                                          clearly marked.
T303.6 Tread Obstacles (Changes in       Tread obstacles are hazardous
 level, roots, rocks, ruts): Up to 2      to bicyclists and skaters. The
 inches (50 mm); exception up to 3        surface of a shared use path
 inches (75 mm).                          should be smooth and should
                                          not have tread obstacles.
T303.7 Passing Space: At least 60        Shared use paths should have a
 inches (1525 mm) width within 1,000      minimum clear width of 3 m (10
 foot (300 m) intervals. Advisory         feet); exception for 2.4 m (8
 recommends more frequent intervals for   feet).
 some trail segments.
T303.8.1 Cross Slope: 1:20 (5%)          For drainage, shared use paths
 maximum; exceptions for open drains up   should have a minimum 2
 to 1:10 (10%).                           percent (1:50) cross slope on
                                          a paved surface. On unpaved
                                          shared use paths, particular
                                          attention should be paid to
                                          drainage to avoid erosion.
                                          Curves on shared use paths may
                                          require super elevation beyond
                                          2% (1:50) for safety reasons.
                                          The Guide suggests limited
                                          cross slope for accessibility
                                          reasons.
T303.8.2 Running Slope: 1:20 (5%), any   Running slopes on shared use
 length; 1:12 (8.33%), for up to 200      paths should be kept to a
 feet; 1:10 (10%), for up to 30 feet;     minimum; grades greater than 5
 1:8 (12.5%), for up to 10 feet. No       percent are undesirable.
 more than 30% of the total trail         Grades steeper than 3 percent
 length shall exceed 1:12.                may not be practical for
                                          shared use paths with crushed
                                          stone or other unpaved
                                          surfaces. Where terrain
                                          dictates, grade lengths are
                                          recommended as follows: <5%
                                          (<1:20), any length; 5-6%
                                          (1:20-16.7), for up to 240 m
                                          (800 feet); 7% (1:14.3), for
                                          up to 120 m (400 feet); 8%
                                          (1:12.5), for up to 90 m (300
                                          feet); 9% (1:11.1), for up to
                                          60 m (200 feet); 10% (1:10),
                                          for up to 30 m (100 feet);
                                          11+% (1:9.1), for up to 15 m
                                          (50 feet).
T303.9 Resting Intervals: Size: 60 inch  The Guide does not address
 (1525 mm) length, at least as wide as    resting intervals.
 the widest trail segment adjacent to
 the rest area. Less than 1:20 (5%)
 slope in all directions. Resting areas
 are required where trail running
 slopes exceed 1:20 (5%), at intervals
 no greater than the lengths permitted
 under running slope (see T302.6.2
 above).
T303.10 Edge Protection: Where           The Guide does not address edge
 provided, 3 inch (75 mm) minimum         protection. Some kinds of edge
 height. Handrails are not required.      protection may be hazardous to
                                          bicyclists and skaters. The
                                          Guide has minimum railing
                                          height recommendations when
                                          needed for safety reasons.
T222 Trail Signs: Accessible trails      Guidance on signing and marking
 require designation with a symbol of     is provided in the Manual on
 accessibility, and information on        Uniform Traffic Control
 total length of the accessible           Devices (MUTCD), incorporated
 segment. No traffic control sign         by reference as a Federal
 information.                             regulation (23 CFR 655.601). A
                                          proposed amendment for Part 9
                                          (Traffic Controls for Bicycle
                                          Facilities) was published in
                                          the Federal Register on June
                                          24, 1999 (64 FR 33802).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The ``Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities'' is available
  through the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
  Officials (AASHTO), 444 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 249,
  Washington, DC 20001, (202) 624-5800, fax (202) 624-5806, https://bookstore.transportation.org/

Section-by-Section Analysis

    This section of the preamble contains a summary of the proposed 
accessibility guidelines for trails, outdoor recreation access routes, 
beach access routes, and picnic and camping facilities. The text of the 
proposed rule follows this section.

Chapter T1: Application and Administration

    This chapter states general principles that recognize the purpose 
of the guidelines (T101), modification and waivers (T102), conventions 
(T103), and definitions (T104).
T102 Modifications and Waivers
    The Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) authorizes certain agencies to 
grant a modification or waiver from the scoping and technical 
provisions upon a case-by-case determination.
T103 Conventions
    All dimensions not stated as a ``maximum'' or ``minimum'' are 
absolute and are subject to conventional industry tolerances except 
where a range is provided. Rules are provided for calculations of 
percentages.

T104 Definitions

    Definitions for ``alterations'' and ``facility'' have been added by 
the Board to this proposed rule and are based on definitions in the 
Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines issued in 2004. The 
other definitions are from the regulatory negotiation committee's 
report.
    The definition of ``beach access route'' and ``designated 
trailhead'', ``outdoor recreation access route'', and ``tread width'' 
are included as a part of the final report.
    The term ``beach access route'' is defined as a continuous 
unobstructed path designated for pedestrian use that crosses the 
surface of the beach. Beaches can be found in three general aquatic 
environments: coastal areas, along rivers, and along lakes and ponds. 
Although the term ``beach'' is not defined, the committee broadly 
considered this to include designated areas along a shore of a body of 
water providing pedestrian entry for the purposes of water play, 
swimming, or other water shoreline activities. A beach access route is 
a designated path and different from an area where entry into the water 
is possible, but not provided.

[[Page 34079]]

    A beach access route is a pathway over the surface of the beach 
itself, not the route leading to the edge of the beach surface. When a 
beach is fronted by a park or other outdoor developed area, the route 
over the surface to the edge and beginning of the beach surface may be 
considered an outdoor recreation access route addressed by section 
T204.
    A ``designated trailhead'' is defined as a designated point of 
access that may contain parking areas, information kiosks, restrooms, 
water hydrants, and may be reached by vehicular or pedestrian access. A 
designated trailhead is a ``point of access'' to a trail intended for 
public use where information may be provided. The designated trailhead 
may include a vehicle parking area for the public to access the trail 
or may connect from a sidewalk or from a street or road in an area 
where pedestrian access from a nearby neighborhood may be expected. It 
does not include a junction between trails where there is no other 
access or a location where a trail crosses a road and public access 
from the road is not expected or is discouraged. It also does not 
include an access point not open to the public.
    An ``outdoor recreation access route'' is a continuous unobstructed 
path designated for pedestrian use that connects accessible elements 
within a picnic area, camping area, or designated trailhead.
    The term ``trail'' is defined as a route that is designed, 
constructed, or designated for recreational pedestrian use or provided 
as a pedestrian alternative to vehicular routes within a transportation 
system.
    A trail designed, constructed, or designated for pedestrian use may 
also have other uses, such as bicycling or in-line skating. It is 
recognized that pedestrians use all trails. However, these guidelines 
apply only to trails where travel on foot is one of the designated uses 
for which the trail was created. For example, a trail designated for 
mountain biking will not be considered a ``pedestrian trail'' whether 
or not pedestrians actually use the trail. However, a multi-use trail 
specifically designed and designated for hiking and bicycling would be 
considered a pedestrian trail. Trails include, but are not limited to, 
a trail through a forested park, a shared-use path, or a back country 
trail. Trails do not include pathways such as sidewalks, pathways in 
amusement parks, commercial theme parks, carnivals, or between 
buildings on college campuses. These exterior accessible routes are 
already covered by the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility 
Guidelines issued in 2004.
    The accessibility guidelines for trails apply to those which are 
designed and constructed for pedestrian use. These guidelines are not 
applicable to trails primarily designed and constructed for 
recreational use by equestrians, mountain bicyclists, snowmobile users, 
or off-road vehicle (ORV) users, even if pedestrians may occasionally 
use the same trails. People use these categories of trails by means of 
transportation other than foot travel or personal mobility device. 
Design and construction requirements for equestrians, mountain bikes, 
ORVs, and snowmobiles are based on the specific requirements for the 
intended mode of transportation. For the safety of trail users, 
pedestrian use may not always be permitted on these trails in order to 
minimize conflicts between motorized and non-motorized recreation. 
These trails do not preclude use by a person with a disability since it 
is planned that all trail users would be using the one or more 
alternative means of transportation for which the trail is designed and 
constructed. The design and construction of pedestrian trails without 
consideration of these proposed guidelines, by contrast, could present 
barriers to some trail users because the intended use is by foot or 
personal mobility device. For these reasons, the committee 
intentionally limited the application of the proposed guidelines to 
pedestrian use trails.
    The definition used in these proposed guidelines is not the only 
definition used by trail designers and managers. Rather, it was 
developed to specifically define the scope of these guidelines. 
Additionally, it is intended that trails and side trails leading to 
elements related to the trail, such as campsites and restrooms, should 
meet the accessibility guidelines for trails, not outdoor recreation 
access routes.
    The term ``tread width'' is defined as the width of the usable 
trail tread measured perpendicular to the direction of travel and on or 
parallel to the surface of the usable trail tread. The minimum clear 
tread width is the narrowest measurement on the usable trail tread with 
respect to a specific trail segment. Clear tread width differs from 
clear width in that the latter is the amount of land potentially 
available for the trail.

Chapter T2: Scoping Requirements

    Chapter T2 contains scoping provisions that specify which elements 
and spaces are required to comply with the technical requirements in 
Chapters T3 and T4.
T201 Application
    This section provides that these guidelines apply to all newly 
designed and constructed trails, outdoor recreation access routes, 
beach access routes, and picnic and camping facilities and altered 
portions of existing trails that connect to an accessible trail or 
designated trailhead. The requirements apply to both permanent and 
temporary facilities. It is recognized that compliance with this 
section will not always result in facilities that will be accessible to 
all persons with disabilities. These guidelines recognize that often 
the natural environment will prevent full compliance with certain 
technical provisions.
T202 Additions and Alterations to Existing Facilities
    This section requires that each addition to an existing facility 
comply with the requirements for new construction.
T202.3 Alterations
    This section requires that where existing trails connecting to 
designated trailheads or accessible trails are altered, they shall 
comply with the requirements of Chapters T2 and T3. Committee members 
sought to limit the application of these guidelines where existing 
trails are not connected to a designated trailhead or an accessible 
trail. Further discussion is included under T203 Trails. The section 
also provides that where existing outdoor recreation access routes, 
beach access routes, and picnic and camping facilities are altered, 
each altered element or space must comply with the applicable 
requirements of Chapter T2. Additionally, an alteration is prohibited 
from decreasing or having the effect of decreasing the level of 
accessibility below the requirements for new construction or imposing a 
requirement for accessibility greater than that required for new 
construction.
    Exception 1 addresses the circulation path to an altered element or 
space. Where the circulation path to the altered element or space is 
not altered, an outdoor recreation access route is not required.
    Exception 2 addresses altered picnic and camping elements. Where 
picnic or camping elements are altered and the ground surface is not, 
the ground surface is not required to comply with provisions for clear 
space, surface slope, and accessible surfaces.
T203 Trails
    This section requires that where trails connect to designated 
trailheads or accessible trails, they shall comply with T303. Where 
elements or spaces are

[[Page 34080]]

provided on trails complying with T303, they shall comply with the 
applicable requirements of Chapter T2.
    Committee members were concerned about the application of these 
proposed accessibility guidelines to new and altered trails connecting 
to portions of existing trails. They were concerned about the 
development of newly constructed trails connecting to an existing 
trail, where it was highly unlikely that the existing portion could 
ever be made accessible. They were specifically concerned about newly 
constructed and altered trails in the ``middle of nowhere''. To address 
this concern, section T203 clarifies that the technical provisions 
apply only to newly designed and constructed trails, and altered 
portions of an existing trail that connects to an accessible trail or a 
designated trailhead. Where new trails connect to an existing trail 
that is not accessible, the technical provisions do not apply. 
Additionally, the technical provisions do not apply where the new or 
altered portion is not connected to a designated trailhead.
    Section T203 also requires elements provided on trails to comply 
with the applicable requirements of Chapters T2 and T3. For example, if 
a bench is provided along a trail complying with T303, the bench must 
meet the applicable provisions of T313. Where elements are provided 
along trails, they are not required to be connected by an outdoor 
recreation access route.
    Question 14: Where trails are not accessible, the committee could 
not agree on whether elements such as benches, picnic tables, or toilet 
rooms located on a trail should be required to be accessible. For 
example, an element such as a picnic table may be located on a trail 
too steep to be accessible. The committee considered how future and 
existing technology will allow assistive devices to get over more 
difficult terrain. The committee discussed options to minimize scoping 
(e.g., one of each element) requirements or limit the requirement to 
certain elements such as sanitary facilities. Should elements located 
on inaccessible trails be required to be accessible?
    The committee considered many different approaches to developing 
accessibility guidelines for newly constructed and altered trails. Each 
approach balanced accessibility with the uniqueness of the outdoor 
environment. The following are examples of the approaches considered 
for trails throughout the committee's deliberations.
     Requiring a percentage of the miles of trails provided to 
be accessible. Using this approach, it was agreed that some trails, 
such as paved urban and suburban transportation routes, should usually 
be accessible. But the committee could not agree on the types of 
trails, other than the type mentioned above, that should be accessible 
and to what percent. The committee determined that this approach would 
be too arbitrary and too difficult to follow.
     Requiring a percentage of the total number of trails to be 
accessible. The committee could not agree on a percentage. A 
significant issue was the difficulty in separating existing trails and 
new trails when determining the total number of trails.
     Dividing trails into different categories (i.e., front 
country and back country) and requiring certain accessibility 
guidelines to be followed. The committee could not agree on the 
categories, nor could it agree that a trail in one category would 
always be different than a trail in another category. A concern was 
that only ``easy'' trails would be made accessible, thereby eliminating 
the ability for people with disabilities to use more difficult trails.
     Requiring a certain level of access dependent on the 
location of the trail in terms of the type of setting (i.e., highly 
developed, moderately developed, or minimally developed). Definitions 
must be agreed to and understood by the trails community, people with 
disabilities, and land management agencies that are a part of the 
Federal government. The committee could not find acceptable definitions 
for a ``settings'' approach.
    Committee members evaluated each approach through extensive 
discussion and analysis. Within each proposal, the committee weighed 
the balance between accessibility and the uniqueness of the outdoor 
environment. Trails are often designed for a certain experience, or for 
the user or types of use within the setting. Primitive or back country 
trails for example, are usually found in remote locations or in a 
natural state with limited development. Throughout the discussions, 
committee members were concerned that providing access would change the 
experience or result in a significant environmental impact. Even 
providing accessible trails in a highly developed setting raised 
concerns that all trails would begin to look alike. Committee members 
did not want the proposed guidelines to impede the creativity of 
planners or designers.
    As this discussion evolved, some concerns common to each approach 
arose regarding the potential impact on the natural environment. The 
committee attempted to clarify and define these concerns so that all 
involved could agree. The result is that section T302 defines four 
conditions where trail construction projects can depart from the 
technical provisions. This departure is allowed for the duration of the 
existence of the condition, or unless the condition is such that it 
makes it impractical to make the remainder of the trail accessible.
    When designed and constructed, an accessible trail is a trail that 
meets the technical provisions included within these proposed 
guidelines. It is also considered accessible where one of the 
exceptions within the technical provisions is used to address a 
specific condition. This is limited to certain exceptions, and does not 
include those that allow for departure from the entire provision based 
on the conditions in T302.
T204 Outdoor Recreation Access Route
    An outdoor recreation access route is a continuous unobstructed 
path designated for pedestrian use that connects accessible elements 
within a picnic area, camping area, or designated trailhead. Outdoor 
recreation access routes do not include pathways such as sidewalks, 
pathways in amusement parks, visitor centers, commercial theme parks, 
or carnivals and between buildings on college campuses already 
addressed by the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines 
issued in 2004.
    Outdoor recreation access routes are required to connect elements 
required to be accessible. For example, where a cooking grill and a 
picnic table are provided in an accessible camp site, the outdoor 
recreation access route is required to connect these elements. Elements 
such as benches or picnic tables located along a trail, however, are 
not required to be connected by an outdoor recreation access route.
    At least one outdoor recreation access route must connect 
accessible elements and spaces within the area. Five exceptions are 
added to this provision. Elements located on trails are not required to 
be connected by an outdoor recreation access route. Where multiple 
picnic tables, fire rings, cooking surfaces or benches are provided, at 
least 40 percent (of the accessible elements), but not less than two, 
must be located along an outdoor recreation access route. For example, 
if ten picnic tables are provided in a picnic area, T206.2.2 requires 
five tables to be accessible. Of the five tables required to be 
accessible, 40 percent, or two, would need to be located along an 
outdoor recreation access route.
    In the outdoor recreation environment, the natural terrain often

[[Page 34081]]

presents a real obstacle. Although this would not affect the 
accessibility of elements such as picnic tables and fire rings, it 
could impact getting to them. The committee realized that in many 
areas, it might not be possible to locate all accessible elements along 
an outdoor recreation access route. Rather than decreasing the number 
of accessible elements, the decision was made to reduce the scoping for 
outdoor recreation access route connections. While some committee 
members wanted all accessible elements to be located along an outdoor 
recreation access route, other committee members felt that would be 
unrealistic in the outdoor environment given constraints of the natural 
terrain. The committee finally reached consensus on requiring 40 
percent of the accessible elements to be located along the outdoor 
recreation access route.
T205 Beach Access Routes
    Section T205.2 addresses the location of beach access routes. Beach 
access routes shall coincide with or be located in the same area as 
general circulation paths.
    The proposed accessibility guidelines for beaches include two 
scoping provisions. Section T205.2 addresses new beaches and section 
T205.3 addresses existing beaches. A ``new beach'' refers to sites 
where a beach is created through the importation of sand or other beach 
surface to create a new beach where none previously existed. The 
proposed guidelines treat ``new beaches'' differently from ``existing 
beaches''. A beach access route is required in new construction. The 
committee agreed that the opportunity to provide access is greater with 
a newly constructed beach. The committee also considered the option of 
a scoping requirement based upon the volume of new beach created, but 
due to the difficulty in measuring a changing volume of sand, did not 
include that option.
    Section T205.2 requires that where a new beach is constructed, a 
minimum of one beach access route must be provided for every one half 
mile of linear feet of new beach. The committee considered that one 
half mile was a reasonable distance between beach access routes on a 
new beach.
    Question 15: Comment is sought on the impact of constructing a 
beach access route every \1/2\ mile along a new beach. If this distance 
is not appropriate, other specific distances are requested.
    Question 16: The committee outlined several exceptions to the 
application of the technical provisions for beach access routes in 
T305. Comment is sought about whether there are any other situations 
for which site infeasibility would preclude compliance with the 
technical provisions for a beach access route. If so, are there 
specific technical provisions (T305) where departures may be necessary 
due to site constraints?
    Section T205.3 addresses beach access routes for an existing beach. 
Where a pedestrian route is provided from a developed site to the edge 
of an existing beach surface, a beach access route must be provided. 
This provision addresses a situation when an entity decides to 
construct a pedestrian route which is used by everyone to access a 
beach. In that situation, the action will trigger an obligation to 
address access for persons with disabilities. The committee did not 
limit the obligation to only when an entity constructs a path 
perpendicular to a beach edge because few such paths are developed. The 
committee also intended to include pedestrian sidewalks or boardwalks 
along the beach as ``pedestrian routes'' to the edge of an ``existing 
beach.''
    Question 17: The committee considered beach sites where constructed 
parking spaces or a parking lot is provided adjoining the beach. Should 
the provision of constructed parking spaces adjoining the beach, 
trigger a beach access route? If so, should the trigger be based on the 
number of parking spaces or some other measure?
    The committee discussed several options and decided that the 
obligation to provide a beach access route over the surface of the 
beach would be triggered when a pedestrian access route to the edge of 
the beach surface is provided. The committee recognized that this would 
obligate an entity to extend a path further than they might have 
originally intended. However, the committee felt strongly that a 
developed path which ends at the edge of the beach surface would be of 
little use to a person with a disability who wishes to traverse the 
beach itself. They also believed that this requirement was reasonable 
since the provision allows the beach access route to be either 
temporary or permanent. Designers and operators can decide the type of 
route appropriate given the different environments. The committee 
determined that the beach route would be required to the same point 
appropriate for an ocean, river, lake, or reservoir.
    Several exceptions are permitted for routes on existing beaches. 
Exception 1 permits the use of a ``temporary'' beach access route where 
one is required. The committee believed that requiring a permanent 
structure was far too restrictive from a design or environmental 
perspective. In particular, constraints of the environment may limit or 
preclude the construction of permanent structures. Permanent structures 
may also require additional permits in coastal and shoreline areas. 
Wave action can also cause significant erosion which can shortly turn a 
permanent structure into a hazard. Therefore, entities can choose to 
use a temporary structure for administrative and operational reasons. 
Vehicular access or access provided by an assistive device would not 
meet the technical provisions of a beach access route. While these 
options may enhance access to the beach for persons with disabilities, 
they are not considered alternatives to providing a beach access route. 
The committee intended that temporary beach access routes be in place 
during all hours where the public has access to the beach.
    Exception 2 exempts routes created solely for shoreline maintenance 
from complying with T205. The committee recommended exempting those 
routes which are strictly established for shoreline maintenance 
personnel, particularly if accessed by a vehicle.
    Exception 3 exempts routes created solely as undeveloped public 
easements from complying with section T205. The committee recommended 
an exemption if a ``route'' is merely an open public easement and right 
of way, an undeveloped space or opening created between developments 
where a developer leaves space open under the requirements of State or 
local laws for shoreline access.
    Exception 4 exempts a beach access route from being required where 
another beach access route exists within one-half mile and is within 
the beach of the same jurisdiction. The committee recommended that if a 
beach access route already exists to the beach in close proximity, 
there should be no requirement to create another beach access route. 
The committee considered one-half mile to be a reasonable distance so 
long as the existing beach route is served by the same beach. This is 
similar to the philosophy that all entrances into the same building do 
not have to be accessible. The one-half mile is also consistent with 
the requirement for scoping for a second route with construction of a 
new beach.
    Exception 5 distinguishes beach replenishment from alterations. 
Nourishment is the process of replenishing a beach. While it can occur 
naturally with the depositing of sand from wave action, it is more 
commonly

[[Page 34082]]

accomplished artificially by mechanically depositing sand on the beach. 
A beach may completely erode before it is artificially nourished, or it 
may be nourished on a periodic schedule to maintain the desired amount 
of beach for use or to act as a barrier for adjoining buildings and 
facilities. Exception 5 permits the process of beach nourishment 
without triggering the alteration provision. The committee did not 
believe that such activities should trigger any obligations for a beach 
access route over the surface of the beach.
    Question 18: Comment is sought on whether there is a need to 
distinguish between certain beach nourishment projects. Should certain 
beach nourishment activities or projects trigger the requirements of a 
beach access route? If so, how should these projects be identified or 
defined?
    Exception 6 provides an exception where the pedestrian route which 
is developed along the edge of an existing beach is elevated higher 
than 6 inches above the beach surface. This exception is intended to 
address those situations where a lengthy pedestrian route such as a 
sidewalk fronts the length of a beach and the route is elevated higher 
than 6 inches. The committee recognized that those areas would be drop-
offs where the creation of a beach access route would require 6 feet of 
ramp to be constructed to meet the beach surface.
T206 Picnic Tables
    Section T206.2.1 requires that where one fixed picnic table is 
provided in a picnic area, it must be accessible. The table must also 
be located along an outdoor recreation access route. This provision is 
included in order to ensure that a picnic area with only one table is 
accessible to and usable by people with disabilities. If only one table 
is provided, and it is not accessible, people with disabilities would 
not have the option of choosing another table. This provision applies 
only to picnic tables that are ``fixed'' to the ground, (i.e., 
permanently attached such as by a chain from the table to a concrete 
footing below ground).
    Section T206.2.2 requires that where two or more picnic tables are 
provided in a picnic area, at least 50 percent, but no less than two, 
must be accessible.
    Some committee members initially proposed 100 percent scoping, 
requiring all tables to be accessible. Other members considered 100 
percent too high and more than what is required for the built 
environment. After much debate, committee members agreed that 50 
percent scoping would adequately accommodate the demand for accessible 
tables. Committee members considered this to be realistic and feasible 
for most outdoor recreation providers, and would result in a higher 
number of accessible tables in smaller picnic areas.
    The proposed scoping provision addresses picnic tables located in 
an ``area.'' An ``area'' refers to a designated location where picnic 
related elements are located. For instance, a picnic ``area'' is a 
designated location where picnic related elements are located. Areas 
may be separated and include different settings on the same site. For 
example, a picnic area located next to a lake in a park is considered a 
separate picnic area from a pavilion with numerous picnic tables within 
the same park. Picnic ``areas'' may also be separated and designated by 
a name or connected to a separate entrance road.
    Section T206.3 requires accessible tables to be dispersed among the 
various types of picnic settings or opportunities provided. For 
example, a particular picnic area may offer picnic sites near the lake, 
in the woods, or in the open sunny portion of the area. This provision 
requires that the number of accessible tables be distributed throughout 
the area, so that people with disabilities would have a choice of 
picnic locations similar to what other visitors to the area have. This 
section would not increase the total number of accessible tables 
required in T206.2.
    Section T206.4 addresses wheelchair spaces and requires at least 
one wheelchair space at an accessible picnic table. Where the table top 
perimeter exceeds 24 linear feet, the number of wheelchair spaces must 
comply with Table T206.4. More wheelchair spaces would be required 
where the perimeter of the table top (not including the bench) exceeded 
24 linear feet. The location of the wheelchair space(s) would be left 
to the discretion of the designer, although an advisory note (T306.2) 
recommends that the wheelchair spaces be dispersed rather than 
clustered in one location.
    Committee members discussed the issue of wheelchair spaces at 
length, finally basing the number of spaces on an average table 
dimensioned at ten-feet long by 2 and one half feet wide. Such a table 
has a perimeter of 25 linear feet and is designed to accommodate up to 
ten people. The committee decided tables of that size should provide 
two wheelchair spaces, while smaller tables should only require one 
space. Tables with a perimeter of 45 to 64 linear feet (i.e., two ten-
foot long tables joined together) would require three wheelchair 
spaces. Tables with 65 to 84 linear feet would require four wheelchair 
spaces, and so on.
T207 Fire Rings
    Section T207.2.1 requires that where only one fire ring is provided 
in an area, it must be accessible.
    Section T207.2.2 requires that where two or more fire rings are 
provided in an area, at least 50 percent, but not less than 2, must be 
accessible.
    Section T207.3 requires that the accessible fire rings be located 
throughout an area and be dispersed among the types of fire rings, if 
different styles or designs are provided. For example, a picnic area 
may provide fire rings without cooking surfaces (i.e., for camp fires 
only) and some with cooking surfaces. In addition, the area may offer 
sites nestled in the trees, some near the water, and others in open 
meadows. This section would require that accessible fire rings be 
available in both types and distributed among the different sites, 
affording people with disabilities the similar choice of fire ring 
location that is available to other visitors. This provision does not 
require an increase in the total number of accessible fire rings.
T208 Cooking Surfaces, Grills, and Pedestal Grills
    Section T208.2.1 requires that where only one cooking surface, 
grill, or pedestal grill is provided in an area, it shall comply with 
section T308. Section T208.2.2 requires that where multiple cooking 
surfaces, grills, or pedestal grills are provided in an area, 50 
percent, but not less than two, shall comply with T308. The rationale 
for this provision is consistent with picnic tables (T206), fire rings 
(T207) and other outdoor elements.
    Section T208.3 requires accessible cooking surfaces, grills, and 
pedestal grills to be dispersed throughout the area and among the types 
provided. For example, if a picnic area offers different types of 
cooking surfaces, the total number of accessible cooking surfaces is to 
be distributed among the different types provided. This provision would 
not increase the number of cooking surfaces, grills, or pedestal grills 
required to be accessible.
T209 Trash and Recycling Containers
    Section 209.1 requires each trash or recycling container to be 
accessible. The committee considered this to be a health issue making 
it imperative that each container meet the provisions for 
accessibility. This requirement is compatible with those for other 
singly occurring elements in an outdoor setting, as well as providing 
consistency

[[Page 34083]]

with the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines. An 
exemption is provided where the container has one or more compartments. 
In this case, 50 percent of the compartments must be accessible. The 
committee determined that this requirement would assure the user of 
finding at least one accessible compartment in a multi-bin container.
T210 Wood Stoves and Fireplaces
    Section T210.1 requires each wood stove and fireplace to be 
accessible.
T211 Overlooks and Viewing Areas
    Section T211.1 requires each viewing area, where provided, on 
designated overlooks to be accessible.
    Overlooks and viewing areas are specifically designed and 
constructed to provide an unobstructed observation of a vista or to a 
specific point of interest, such as the view to a mountain range or 
down into a valley or to a waterfall or geologic formation. As such, 
they are a destination for the user and should be accessible. An 
exception permits a minimum of one of each viewing opportunity for 
distinct points of interest where multiple viewing areas are provided.
T212 Telescopes and Periscopes
    Section T212.1 requires that when telescopes or periscopes are 
provided, 20 percent, but never less than one, telescope or periscope 
must be accessible. Where only one telescope or periscope is provided, 
it must be usable from the seated position and also be usable from the 
standing position. This configuration will provide accessibility and 
usability.
    Viewing areas or overlooks are sometimes equipped with mounted 
telescopes and less often with periscopes. The purpose of these 
elements is to provide the visitor with an even closer view of a 
distinct point of interest (rather than a vista).
    Many existing sites only provide scopes usable from a standing 
position. This does not accommodate the needs of people using 
wheelchairs, children, or people of shorter stature. The committee made 
specific mention of children when discussing scopes, based on 
experiences of having to lift children to use scopes. Lifting may not 
be possible for people with back difficulty or insufficient strength.
T213 Benches
    Section T213.2.1 requires that where only one bench is provided, 
the bench must be accessible. The committee felt that it was important 
that where only a single bench is provided, it must be usable by all 
visitors. This is generally consistent with the Architectural Barriers 
Act Accessibility Guidelines and with the other elements of this 
section. The single bench must have at least one armrest to facilitate 
its use.
    The committee recognized that benches, when provided, are key 
elements in many outdoor settings, such as picnic areas or day use 
areas. They are used for a variety of purposes, including places of 
rest or relaxation, meeting spots, and places from which to view events 
such as sporting activities. Whatever the use, the committee determined 
that the bench or benches, where provided, should be accessible. 
However, benches that are part of an assembly area are not addressed 
and are not required to meet these provisions.
    Section T213.2.2 requires that where multiple fixed benches are 
placed in an area, at least 50 percent must be accessible. This assures 
the visitor that there will be at least one bench available which is 
accessible. Further, of the benches that are required to be accessible, 
50 percent must provide an armrest. The committee felt that visitors 
should be provided with a choice of bench configurations that will 
accommodate different needs. An armrest provides support when occupying 
the bench and assists in transfer to or from the bench.
    Section T213.3 requires dispersal of accessible benches. This 
provision does not require an increase in the total number of 
accessible benches. The dispersion of accessible benches throughout an 
area provides for a variety of settings and is consistent with other 
provisions in the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines.
T214 Utility Sinks
    A utility sink is a sink that has a vertical dimension deeper 
within the confines of the sink than a standard lavatory basin, and 
allows the user of a picnic area or campground setting to clean large 
pots or equipment.
    Section T214.1 requires that where utility sinks are provided, at 
least 5 percent, but not less than one, must be accessible.
T215 Mobility Device Storage Facilities
    The committee addressed the need for storage space for mobility 
devices primarily where an individual using a wheelchair or other 
mobility device must transfer to another device or vehicle in order to 
take advantage of the services or programs offered at the outdoor 
facility. A ski facility where individuals may use an adaptive ski to 
participate, is an example where this type of element may be provided. 
The committee believed that where storage facilities are provided to 
protect from environmental effects or theft or vandalism, at least one 
storage facility must comply with T315.
T216 Pit Toilets
    Pit toilets are very primitive outhouses, and may consist simply of 
holes dug in the ground covered by a toilet riser. The riser may or may 
not be surrounded by walls and a roof. Pit toilets are generally 
located in remote, undeveloped areas, and are provided primarily for 
resource protection rather than visitor convenience and comfort. Pit 
toilets may be permanent installations, or may be moved from one 
location to another as the hole is filled. These provisions apply to 
fixed pit toilets.
    Section T216.1 requires each fixed pit toilet to be accessible, 
since usually only one pit toilet is provided in an area. This scoping 
is consistent with what would be required for other individually 
occurring elements.
T217 Utilities
    Section T217.1 requires utilities such as electric, water, sewage, 
and other similar types of utilities serving accessible elements or 
spaces to also be accessible.
T218 Camping
    Section T218.2 requires camping spaces (e.g., recreational camping 
vehicle or trailer spaces, tent camping spaces, camping shelters, or 
tent pads and tent platforms), where provided, to be accessible in 
accordance with Table T218.2. Table T218.2 provides the number of 
accessible camping spaces and is based on the total number of spaces 
provided.
    Modifications were made to the existing transient lodging scoping 
in the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines to create 
higher numbers of accessible camping spaces in the low range and more 
accessible campsites in each of the three basic camping styles. Each 
camping style category must achieve the proper scoping independently of 
the others.
    The proposed scoping provisions require higher accessibility where 
lower numbers of features are provided. This was extensively debated 
among committee members and is intended to address the higher 
probability of utilization where low numbers of elements are provided. 
As an example, the chance of two picnic tables being occupied at the 
same time and place is much higher than five picnic tables being 
occupied at the same time, even though the demand may increase

[[Page 34084]]

proportionately to the number of tables offered.
    This section divides campsites into three categories: Recreational 
Camping Vehicle or Trailer Spaces, Tent Spaces, and Camping Shelters 
and Additional Campground Spaces. Campsite use requires specific 
equipment and a specially designed area may not be suitable for every 
use. For example, if someone comes prepared to use a tent, they may not 
be able to use a paved recreational camping vehicle site.
    Section T218.2 also addresses other camping elements provided in 
accessible camping spaces. To ensure usability, all elements that are 
provided as a part of an accessible campsite must meet the applicable 
provisions of Chapters T2 and T3. All elements provided in accessible 
campsites must be accessible.
    Section T218.2.1 requires recreational vehicle spaces or trailer 
spaces to comply with Table T218.2. An exception is included where 
camping spaces are designed for both tent camping and recreational 
camping vehicle or camping trailer use. In this case, at least 50 
percent of the accessible multi-use spaces must be 20 feet wide minimum 
and the remainder are permitted to be reduced to 16 feet wide minimum.
    Section T218.2.2 requires that where camping spaces are designed 
for use for tent camping and camping shelters, accessible tent and 
camping shelter spaces shall comply with T318.2.2, T318.2.4, and 
T318.3.
    Section T218.3 addresses general use parking areas. Where 
recreational camping vehicle spaces or trailer spaces are provided, at 
least one must comply with T318.2.3 and T318.2.4. Accessible 
recreational camping vehicle spaces or trailer spaces in general 
parking areas are necessary to accommodate short-term parking needs. 
The exception separates campsite parking from general parking. This 
requirement provides a special recreational camping vehicle parking 
space in addition to the current Architectural Barriers Act 
Accessibility Guideline scoping for parking areas.
T219 Warming Huts
    Section T219.1 requires each warming hut to have a turning space 
that complies with T402. Where doors are provided, they must comply 
with T408.
T220 Outdoor Rinsing Showers
    Section T220 addresses outdoor rinsing showers. The committee 
recognized that provisions for shower stalls already existed. However, 
the provisions are clearly intended for indoor facilities. Some 
provisions (grab bars and a seat) may not be applicable for an outdoor 
shower stall or rinsing shower typically found at a beach or at camping 
facilities. Outdoor rinsing showers are not typically designed with 
walls like other showers in the built environment. Therefore, the 
committee recommended that specifications for an outdoor shower be 
developed. In order to distinguish this type of shower from those 
already addressed, the committee used the term ``outdoor rinsing 
shower''. An advisory note has been added to further identify what is 
considered a rinsing shower.
    Section T220.2 addresses the minimum number of accessible outdoor 
rinsing showers. The committee examined several ways to scope showers, 
considering a percentage formula, a chart similar to parking or 
telephones, and a minimum number. Because the committee ultimately 
recommended two types of outdoor rinsing showers, a low and high 
version, the committee recommended that a minimum number, one of each 
type, be accessible where rinsing showers are provided. If only one is 
provided, it must be a dual shower.
T221 Signs
    Section T221.1 requires signs on accessible trails and trail 
segments to be designated with a symbol at the trail head or designated 
access points.
    Section T221.2 requires signs on accessible campsites by using the 
International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA). Identification of 
accessible campsites by the ISA was determined to be necessary where 
campsite occupancy and site selection is made by users and is based on 
a first come, first served basis. To accommodate campground operations 
that assign sites either through a reservation service or upon arrival, 
the ISA is not required and an exception is provided to accommodate 
this distinction. It was determined that site assignment would create 
better utilization of accessible sites than the use of ISA signage. 
Signage is also not required where all sites are accessible.
T222 Protruding Objects
    Section T222.1 requires protruding objects on trails, outdoor 
recreation access routes, and beach access routes to comply with T405 
and to have 80 inches minimum clear head room.

Chapter T3 Technical Provisions

    Chapter T3 contains technical provisions for features required to 
be accessible in Chapter T2.
T302 Conditions for Exceptions
    Section T302 sets out four conditions under which exceptions from 
certain technical provisions are permitted. Each technical provision 
must be examined individually to determine whether an exception from 
that provision is permitted. This section does not provide an overall 
exemption of the entire trail or outdoor element. When an exception is 
permitted, the proposed guidelines specifically provide an exception to 
the respective technical provision. This is essential as the outdoor 
environment is very different than a constructed indoor environment. 
Factors which influence the ability to provide fully accessible 
facilities such as soil, surrounding vegetation, hydrology, terrain, 
and surface characteristics, are fundamental to the outdoor area. Where 
trails are concerned, the committee recognized that without the 
opportunity to permit exceptions from the technical provisions, 
compliance may significantly alter the nature of the outdoor 
experience.
    The conditions in T302 do not obviate or limit in any way the 
obligation to comply with the technical provisions in Chapter T3 at any 
point where the conditions do not apply. When the condition for an 
exception no longer exists, the technical provisions apply. For 
example, the clear width of a trail tread may be reduced because of a 
significant natural feature. Once the trail passes this feature, the 
technical provisions for width shall apply. This approach also applies 
when designing certain outdoor elements also included in this section. 
The conditions that permit exception from specific technical provisions 
are described below.
Condition 1. Compliance Would Cause Substantial Harm to Cultural, 
Historic, Religious, or Significant Natural Features or Characteristics
    A significant natural feature may include a large rock, outcrop, 
tree, or a water feature which would block or interfere with trail 
construction or would be directly or indirectly altered or destroyed by 
construction of the trail to the extent that the trail could not, at 
that point, be made accessible. This includes areas protected under 
Federal or State laws, such as areas with threatened or endangered 
species or designated wetlands that could be threatened or destroyed by 
full compliance with the technical provisions. It also includes areas 
where compliance would directly or indirectly substantially harm 
natural habitat or vegetation.

[[Page 34085]]

    Significant cultural features include areas such as archaeological 
sites, sacred lands, burial grounds and cemeteries, and Indian tribal 
protected sites. Significant historical features include properties on 
or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places or other 
places of recognized historic value. Significant religious features 
include Indian sacred sites and other properties designated or held 
sacred by an organized religious belief or church.
Condition 2. Compliance Would Substantially Alter the Nature of the 
Setting or the Purpose of the Facility, or Portion of the Facility
    This condition includes trails intended to provide a rugged 
experience such as a cross country training trail with a steep grade or 
a challenge course with abrupt and severe changes in level. If these 
types of trails were flattened out or otherwise constructed to comply 
with the technical provisions for accessible trails, they would not 
provide the intended and desired level of challenge and difficulty to 
users. Trails that traverse over boulders and rocky outcrops, are 
another example. The purpose of such trails is to provide people with 
the opportunity to climb the rocks. To remove the obstacles along the 
way or reroute the trail around the rocks would destroy the purpose of 
the trail. The nature of the setting may also be compromised by actions 
such as widening a trail through the use of imported surfaces in a 
remote location or removing ground vegetation in meadows or alpine 
areas.
    Trails and other outdoor elements such as picnic and camping areas 
are designed to provide a particular opportunity for the user. 
Throughout the discussions regarding these outdoor elements, many 
committee members were concerned that complying with the technical 
provisions could change the nature of some recreation opportunities. 
Further, compliance could negatively impact the unique characteristics 
of the natural setting, the reasons why people choose to recreate in 
the outdoors rather than an indoor environment. People using primitive 
trails or camping areas, for example, often experience the outdoor 
environment in a more natural state with limited or no development. 
Evidence of manufactured building materials or engineered construction 
techniques in such a setting can change its primitive character, and 
therefore, the user's experience. In these settings, people are 
generally looking for a higher degree of challenge and risk where they 
can use their outdoors and survival skills. Compliance with the 
technical provisions, particularly those related to surface and 
obstacles, could destroy the ``natural'' or ``undeveloped'' nature of 
the setting. This condition addresses these concerns.
Condition 3. Compliance Would Require Construction Methods or Materials 
That Are Prohibited by Federal, State, or Local Regulations or Statutes
    Federally designated and some State designated Wilderness Areas 
prohibit use of mechanized equipment, limiting construction methods to 
hand tools. Imported materials may be prohibited in order to maintain 
the integrity of the natural ecosystem. Construction methods and 
materials employed in designated wetlands or coastal areas are also 
strictly limited. For traditional, historic, or other reasons, many 
trails are built using only the native soil for surfacing, which may 
not be firm and stable. Federal statutes such as the Wilderness Act and 
the Endangered Species Act, and State and local statutes often impose 
restrictions to protect or address environmental concerns. Many aquatic 
features are protected under Federal or State laws. Some constructed 
water crossings, which would be required to provide accessibility, may 
not be permitted under certain laws or regulations.
    ``Local regulations and statutes'' have been included to address 
conditions where ``conservation easements'' or ``development rights'' 
programs have prohibited or restricted construction methods and 
practices. For example, where land is purchased from farms, certain use 
restrictions may prohibit the importation of surfacing. On the other 
hand, local regulations or statutes may not be developed or initiated 
with the sole purpose of prohibiting use by people with disabilities. 
For example, initiating a new local regulation that arbitrarily 
restricts trail width to a dimension that would not allow passage of 
wheelchairs or other mobility devices from accessing a trail, is not 
permitted under this condition.
Condition 4. Compliance Would Not Be Feasible Due to Terrain or the 
Prevailing Construction Practices
    Complying with the technical provisions, particularly running 
slope, in areas of steep terrain may require extensive cuts or fills 
that would be difficult to construct and maintain, or cause drainage 
and erosion problems. Also, in order to construct a trail on some steep 
slopes, a trail may become significantly longer causing a much greater 
impact on the environment. Certain soils are highly susceptible to 
erosion. Other soils expand and contract along with water content. If 
compliance requires techniques that conflict with the natural drainage 
or existing soil, the trail would be difficult, if not impossible to 
maintain. This condition may also apply where construction methods for 
particularly difficult terrain or the presence of an obstacle would 
require the use of equipment other than that typically used throughout 
the length of the trail. One example is requiring the use of a 
bulldozer to remove a rock outcropping when hand tools are commonly 
used.
    Several of these conditions for departures are consistent with 
other exceptions for trails. For example, it may be impracticable in 
new construction to follow these provisions where soil and terrain pose 
obstacles which cannot be remedied. Compliance with the provision for a 
firm and stable surface might conflict with the prevailing construction 
practices by requiring the importation of a new surfacing material that 
would otherwise not have been used. For example, if the prevailing 
construction practices would not include the importation of a new 
surface material and the natural surface material could not be made 
firm and stable, the trail may not be able to comply with that specific 
provision.
    The term ``not feasible'' is used in this situation to specify what 
is ``reasonably doable''. It does not refer to the technical 
feasibility or possibility of full compliance with the technical 
provisions. For example, it may be feasible to provide a trail with a 
1:20 slope or less up a 1,500 foot tall mountain using heavy 
construction equipment, but the trail would be at least 5.8 miles long 
(rather than 2 miles long under a traditional back-country layout), and 
may cause inappropriate environmental and visual impacts. The intent of 
this conditional departure is to recognize that the effort and 
resources required to comply would not be disproportionately high 
relative to the level of access created. Although technically feasible, 
the effort and resources required are not ``reasonable.''
    Trail construction practices vary greatly, from the use of 
volunteer labor and hand tools, to professional construction with 
heavy, mechanized equipment. For alterations to an existing trail, the 
``prevailing construction practices'' are defined as the methods 
typically used for construction or maintenance of the trail. For new 
trails, it is recognized that the land manager determines the 
construction practices to be used on each trail. However, the choice of 
construction practices is primarily determined by the available 
resources (e.g., machinery, skilled

[[Page 34086]]

operators, finances) and the environmental conditions (e.g., soil type 
and depth, vegetation, natural slope). The intent of this condition is 
to ensure that compliance with the technical provisions does not 
require the use of construction practices which are above and beyond 
the skills and resources of the trail building organization. It is not 
intended to automatically exempt a trail from the technical provisions 
simply because of a particular construction practice, (e.g., the use of 
hand tools or to suggest that hand tools should be used to avoid 
compliance) when more expedient methods and resources are available.
    Where specified, the presence of the conditions in T302 may also 
prevent full compliance with some of the technical provisions for 
elements in picnic, camping, and beach facilities. While the conditions 
for departures may be more limited with these outdoor elements, the 
committee included the option for exceptions based on the conditions in 
several provisions. In most cases, these are limited to technical 
provisions for clear floor or ground space, surface slope, and 
accessible surfacing.
    Where designers or operators apply an exception from a specific 
technical provision because of one or more of the conditions, the other 
technical provisions should be applied. For example, a significant 
cultural feature may prohibit a 36 inch trail tread width. However, all 
other provisions could be met because they would not be affected by the 
condition.
T303 Trails
T303.2 General Exceptions
    The committee realized that there may be situations where the 
combination of factors and conditions may make it impractical to make 
the entire portion of the trail accessible according to the technical 
provisions. Two general exceptions in section T303.2 were developed to 
address these situations. First, where one or more of the conditions in 
T302 applies and where one or more of the conditions in this general 
exception applies, the trail is not required to be accessible after the 
first point of departure. The segment of the trail between the 
designated trailhead and the first point of departure is required to be 
accessible unless the trail segment is 500 feet or less in length. If 
the trail segment connects to a prominent feature less than 500 feet 
from the designated trailhead, it is required to be accessible between 
the trailhead and the prominent feature. The general exceptions are 
based on these conditions:
     The combination of running slope and cross slope exceeds 
40 percent for over 20 feet; or,
     A trail obstacle 30 inches or more in height is across the 
full tread width of the trail; or,
     The surface is neither firm nor stable for a distance of 
45 feet or more; or,
     A clear trail width is less than 12 inches for a distance 
of 20 feet or more; or
     The trail is not required to comply with any of the 
technical provisions in T303 for more than 15 percent of the length of 
the trail.
    The 15 percent threshold in the last condition is a compromise, 
negotiated to balance the resources and environmental impact with the 
practicality of providing meaningful access on trails. The committee 
recommends that trail designers and managers attempt compliance with 
all technical provisions throughout the full length of the trail.
    Section T303.3 requires the surface of accessible trails to be firm 
and stable. The ``slip resistance'' requirement typically required for 
accessible surfaces was not included because slip resistance cannot be 
guaranteed in an outdoor environment. Weather conditions (rain, snow, 
or ice) will affect slip resistance. For example, natural or non-
hardened surfaces may not be slip resistant. Slip resistance may also 
be difficult to control when leaves and other surface debris caused by 
natural erosion accumulate on the surface.
    The means and materials used to establish accessible exterior 
surfaces are plentiful. Crushed stone, fine, packed soil, and other 
natural materials can provide a firm and stable surface. Natural 
materials bonded with synthetic materials can provide the required 
degree of stability and firmness. An advisory has been added to provide 
additional information concerning accessible exterior surfaces. An 
exception is permitted from this provision where one or more of the 
conditions in T302 exist.
    Section T303.4 requires the clear trail tread width to be 36 inches 
minimum. Exception 1 permits the clear trail tread width to be reduced 
to 32 inches minimum where one of the conditions in T302 applies. 
Exception 2 permits departures from T303.4 where a 32 inch minimum 
width cannot be provided because one of the four conditions in T302 
exists.
    Section T303.5 requires openings in trail surfaces to be of a size 
that does not permit the passage of a \1/2\ inch diameter sphere. 
Elongated openings must be placed so that the long dimension is 
perpendicular or diagonal to the dominant direction of travel. 
Exception 1 permits elongated openings to be parallel to the dominant 
direction of travel where the opening does not permit passage of a \1/
4\ inch diameter sphere. This is necessary to allow trail managers to 
place boards lengthwise along a boardwalk trail to reduce the 
environmental impact such as on a wetland area. Exception 2 permits 
openings that do not permit passage of a \3/4\ inch diameter sphere 
where at least one of the conditions in T302 applies. Exception 3 
exempts trails from the provisions of T303.5 where openings that do not 
permit passage of a \3/4\ inch diameter sphere are not feasible because 
at least one of the four conditions in T302 apply.
    A \3/4\ inch spacing is permitted through an exception since many 
trails use wood plank decking or boardwalks to cross wet, sandy, rocky, 
or environmentally sensitive areas. The planks expand and contract 
because of weather conditions. The boardwalks may need more than \1/2\ 
inch spacing between the planks to permit expansion and to allow water 
to drain.
    Section T303.6 requires that any tread obstacles shall not exceed 2 
inches maximum in height. Exception 1 permits a 3 inch obstacle where 
the running and cross slopes are 1:20 or less. Exception 2 permits 
obstacles greater than 3 inches where at least one of the conditions in 
T302 applies. The committee recognized that natural features such as 
rocks, roots, and ruts may require a greater obstacle height than what 
is permitted in the indoor environment. Some wheelchairs used in an 
outdoor environment are designed to handle obstacles of these heights. 
However, trails used by bicyclists or in-line skaters or which serve as 
alternate transportation routes for sidewalks should be smooth with no 
abrupt changes in level.
    Section T303.7 requires passing space where the clear tread width 
of the trail is less than 60 inches. Passing space is required at 
intervals of 1,000 feet maximum. Either a T-shape or a turning circle 
is permitted. An advisory states that the passing space may be located 
to one side of the trail. An exception is permitted from this provision 
where passing space cannot be provided because at least one of the four 
conditions in T302 exists.
    The committee negotiated various intervals for passing space, 
ranging from 200 feet to no requirement. Those favoring longer 
intervals or no requirement explained that the outdoor

[[Page 34087]]

environment often allows users to move off the trail tread without 
involving trail construction (as opposed to being restricted by walls 
within a building). There was concern about having an unrealistic 
construction requirement in a natural setting, and concern that 
requiring a constructed passing space at more frequent intervals may be 
unnecessary where few users are on a trail at the same time. An 
advisory is added recommending that trails expected to have high use 
and trails with long sections where it is not possible to move off the 
trailhead (e.g., boardwalks in a wetland) should consider more frequent 
passing spaces, especially close to the trailhead.
    Section T303.8 addresses both the cross slope and the running slope 
of a trail. This provision was the result of significant compromise 
among committee members. Exception 1 addresses open drainage 
structures. For open drainage structures, a running slope of 14 percent 
is permitted for 5 feet maximum with a cross slope of 1:20 maximum. 
Cross slope is permitted to be 1:10 at the bottom of the open drain, 
where the clear tread width is 42 inches minimum. Exception 2 exempts 
trails from T303.8 where one or more of the conditions of T302 exist.
    Section T303.8.1 requires that the maximum cross slope of trail 
segments not exceed 1:20. Committee members recognized that cross 
slopes, or the side-to-side slope of a trail, can be difficult to 
traverse. At the same time, trails need to be designed to provide 
sufficient drainage to prevent ponding and water damage to the trail. 
Non-paved surfaces generally require more than a minimum of 1:50 cross 
slope.
    Section T303.8.2 addresses the maximum running slope of trail 
segments. Section T303.8.2 permits no more than 30 percent of the total 
trail length to exceed a 1:12 slope. The committee debated various 
slope ratios for this provision. Committee members advocating steeper 
slopes were concerned that requiring unrealistic slopes in natural 
areas could significantly alter the natural terrain. Members advocating 
less slopes were concerned that steeper slopes would not be accessible, 
and could be a potential safety hazard.
    This section requires that trails comply with one or more of four 
separate provisions. Designers may choose which provision to apply. 
Section T303.8.2.1 permits a running slope at 1:20 or less for any 
distance. Section T303.8.2.2 permits a running slope of 1:12 maximum 
for 200 feet maximum. Resting intervals must be provided at distances 
no greater than 200 feet apart. Section T303.8.2.3 permits the running 
slope to be 1:10 maximum for 30 feet maximum. Resting intervals must be 
provided at distances no greater than 30 feet apart. Section T303.8.2.4 
permits the running slope to be 1:8 maximum for 10 feet maximum. 
Resting intervals must be provided at distances no greater than 10 feet 
apart.
    Because the terrain in outdoor environments is often steep, the 
committee realized that applying slope and ramp requirements was not 
feasible. The proposed running slopes and maximum distances represent a 
compromise and balances accessibility with the constraints imposed by 
natural topography.
    Question 19: Section T303.8 permits departure from the technical 
provisions for cross slope with open drainage structures. A cross slope 
up to 10 percent is permitted at the bottom of the open drain where the 
clear tread width is 42 inches minimum. Are open drainage structures 
the only drainage structures where cross slopes up to 10 percent should 
be permitted? If not, what other areas should be identified?
    The committee believed that handrails should not be required on 
trails, since handrails are impractical in this environment. In 
addition, steeper grades on trails are usually contiguous with the 
surrounding terrain rather than elevated above it as with a ramp to a 
building. Instead, the committee limited the length of steep portions 
of trail segments and required resting intervals.
    Section T303.9 requires resting intervals to be 60 inches in length 
to accommodate wheelchair users and at least as wide as the widest 
portion of the trail segment leading to the resting interval. The slope 
of the resting interval must not exceed 1:20 in any direction. An 
advisory recommends that the resting interval may be located to one 
side of the trail to allow other users to pass. An exception exempts 
trails from this technical provision where one of the conditions in 
T302 exists.
    Section T303.10 does not require edge protection on accessible 
trails. However, where edge protection is provided, the height must be 
a minimum of 3 inches. Natural trail surfaces are likely to have 
variations in the trail surface, and a 2 inch edge protection may not 
be obvious or detectable in the outdoor environment. In the outdoor 
environment, many people with limited vision who use canes will search 
higher than in an indoor environment to distinguish between the edge 
and variations within the trail.
T304 Outdoor Recreation Access Routes
    Section T304.2 requires the surface of an outdoor recreation access 
route to be firm and stable. This is consistent with the surface 
provision proposed for trails and other outdoor elements.
    Section T304.3 requires the clear tread width of the outdoor 
recreation access route to be 36 inches minimum. An exception permits 
the width to be the minimum necessary or 32 inches for a distance of 24 
inches where one or more of the conditions in T302 exist.
    Section T304.4 addresses openings and does not permit passage of a 
\1/2\ inch diameter sphere. Elongated openings must be placed so that 
the long dimension is perpendicular or diagonal to the dominant 
direction of travel. An exception permits the openings to run parallel 
so long as the opening does not permit passage of \1/4\ inch diameter 
sphere.
    Section T304.5 requires that tread obstacles not exceed 1 inch high 
maximum. An exception permits a 2 inch high obstacle where it is 
beveled and where at least one of the conditions in T302 applies. Tread 
obstacles may occur where surface materials changes such as asphalt 
surfaces leading up to a concrete slab.
    Section T304.6 requires passing space where the clear width of the 
outdoor recreation access route is less than 60 inches. Passing space 
is required at intervals of 200 feet maximum. Committee members 
determined that outdoor recreation access routes were more like an 
indoor accessible route than a trail. The passing space must be either 
a 60 inch by 60 inch space or an intersection of two walking surfaces 
which provide a T-shaped space complying with T402.1.2, provided that 
the arms and stem of the T-shaped space extend at least 48 inches 
beyond the intersection. An exception permits the passing spaces to be 
at intervals not to exceed 300 feet. This was added to address settings 
where it may not be possible to provide passing space within a 200 foot 
minimum interval, such as environmentally sensitive areas.
    Section T304.7.1 addresses the cross slope of an outdoor recreation 
access route and permits a 1:33 maximum cross slope. An exception 
permits a 1:20 cross slope where necessary to ensure proper drainage. 
Natural or naturally appearing surfaces often require greater than 1:50 
cross slopes to ensure proper drainage. Committee members agreed that 
water ponding on an outdoor recreation access route may make the route 
inaccessible; therefore, a greater cross slope is proposed.

[[Page 34088]]

    Section T304.7.2 addresses running slope. Designers have a choice 
of applying one or more of the technical provisions in this section. 
Section T304.7.2.1 permits the running slope to be 1:20 or less for any 
distance. Section T304.7.2.2 permits the running slope to be 1:12 
maximum for 50 feet maximum. Resting intervals must be provided at 
distances no greater than 50 feet apart. Section T304.7.2.3 permits the 
running slope to be 1:10 maximum for 30 feet maximum. Resting intervals 
must be provided at distances no greater than 30 feet apart.
    Question 20: The committee was unable to decide whether there 
should be exceptions from the technical provisions for outdoor 
recreation access routes based on the conditions in T302. Currently, 
departures from the technical provisions are permitted for specific 
elements, (e.g., picnic tables, camp sites) but not for the outdoor 
recreation access routes that connect those elements. Should exceptions 
be permitted for specific elements on the outdoor recreation access 
routes leading to those elements?
    Question 21: The committee also discussed potential exceptions from 
the provisions for slope on an outdoor recreation access route, 
unrelated to whether the elements themselves complied with the 
technical provisions. The committee considered two options. One option 
provided a maximum for the total length of the outdoor recreation 
access route that could exceed a 1:12 slope. The committee considered 
that either 10 percent or 15 percent of the total length of the outdoor 
recreation access route could exceed a 1:12 slope. The second option 
was to apply the conditions in T302 to the technical provisions for the 
slope of an outdoor recreation access route. Comment is requested on 
this issue.
    Section T304.8 requires resting intervals to be 60 inches minimum 
in length and have a width at least as wide as the route connecting it. 
The slope must not exceed 1:33 in any direction. Where the surface 
conditions require slopes greater than 1:33 for proper drainage, a 1:20 
slope is permitted.
    Section T304.9 requires edge protection, where provided, to be 3 
inches minimum in height. This is consistent with the proposed 
provision for trails.
T305 Beach Access Routes
    Section T305.2 requires the surface of the required beach access 
route to be firm and stable. Given the existence of loose material 
natural to a beach environment such as sand, algae, and barnacles, the 
committee decided that slip resistance is not an appropriate 
requirement for a beach access route. This is consistent with the 
provisions for other outdoor routes. Where a temporary route is 
provided, it must also be firm and stable.
    Section T305.3 requires that a beach access route extend to the 
high tide level, mean river bed level, or the normal recreation water 
level. The committee believed that different lines of demarcation would 
vary depending upon the location of the beach. The committee selected 
the high tide level for coastal beach, the mean river bed level for 
river beaches, and the normal recreation water level for lakes and 
reservoirs. Beach access to the water will vary considerably between 
geographic locations because the tidal difference between high and low 
tides varies from place to place. For example, a beach in Alaska may 
experience tidal differences of tens or even hundreds of feet; beaches 
in Florida will have much smaller differences between low and high 
tides. The high tide mark is a reasonable location to terminate 
permanent structures as built facilities; below this point it is much 
more likely to wash out. The mean river bed level and the normal 
recreation water level are comparable for rivers and lakes, 
respectively.
    Question 22: Comment is sought on the appropriateness of these 
markers and the ability to determine those levels at most beaches.
    Question 23: The committee did not require a beach access route to 
extend beyond the high tide level, mean river bed level, or normal 
recreation water level. Comment is sought on what technical 
specifications should be required, if any, if an entity decides to 
provide the route into the water? Should the technical provisions for 
sloped entry into pools be applied in these cases?
    Section T305.4 requires the clear tread width of the beach access 
route to be 36 inches minimum. This requirement is consistent with the 
proposed technical requirement for the clear tread width of trails and 
outdoor recreation access routes. Unlike other requirements for the 
clear width of trails and outdoor recreation access routes, no 
reduction in width is permitted. Since the beach access route will most 
likely be adjacent to sand, maintaining the 36 inch width is critical 
to avoid being caught off the path on a nontraversable sandy surface. 
The need for additional space for passing and resting has been included 
in other provisions.
    Section T305.5 requires openings in the surfaces of the beach 
access route to be of a size that does not permit passage of a \1/2\ 
inch diameter sphere. Elongated openings must be placed so that the 
long dimension is perpendicular or diagonal to the dominant direction 
of travel. This is consistent with the Architectural Barriers Act 
Accessibility Guidelines and the proposed technical provisions for 
outdoor recreation access routes. An exception permits the elongated 
openings to run parallel to the dominant direction of travel where the 
opening does not permit passage of a \1/4\ inch sphere.
    Section T305.6 limits the obstacles in the beach access route to be 
1 inch high maximum. This departs from the Architectural Barriers Act 
Accessibility Guidelines but is consistent with the proposed technical 
requirements for tread obstacles for an outdoor recreation access route 
and is necessary due to the uniqueness of the outdoor environment.
    Section T305.7 requires passing space. Where the clear width of the 
beach access route is less than 60 inches, passing space must be 
provided at intervals of 200 feet. Passing space shall be either a 60 
inch by 60 inch minimum space or an intersection of two walking 
surfaces which provides a T-shaped space complying with T402.1.2, 
provided that the arms and stem of the T-shaped space extend at least 
48 inches beyond the intersection. This is consistent with the 
technical provisions for passing spaces on an outdoor recreation access 
route.
    Section T305.8 requires a turning space or resting space at the end 
of the beach access route or at the high tide level, mean river bed 
level, or normal recreation water level. Turning space must not overlap 
the beach access route and must be either a 60 inch minimum by 60 inch 
minimum space, or an intersection of two walking surfaces which provide 
a T-shaped space complying with T402.1.2 provided that the arms and 
stem of the T-shaped space extend at least 48 inches beyond the 
intersection.
    A resting or turning space allows a person with a disability to be 
out of the route of travel, to leave their wheelchair while 
transferring into a beach terrain vehicle, or simply to wait in a place 
outside the flow of traffic. The location of this resting or turning 
space should be in an area which is dry. If the route extends further 
than the minimum distance required, the resting or turning space may be 
placed at the end of the beach access route, although the location may 
not always remain dry.
    Section T305.9 addresses the cross slope and running slope of beach 
access routes. Section T305.9.1 requires the maximum cross slope of a 
beach access route to not exceed 1:33. An exception permits cross 
slopes of 1:20 maximum

[[Page 34089]]

for drainage. This is consistent with the proposed technical 
requirements for cross slope of an outdoor recreation access route and 
is necessary for drainage in the outdoor environment.
    Section T305.9.2 addresses running slope. Designers have a choice 
of applying one or more of the technical provisions in this section. 
Section T305.9.2.1 permits running slope to be 1:20 or less for any 
distance. Section T305.9.2.2 permits the running slope to be 1:12 
maximum for 50 feet maximum. Resting intervals must be provided at 
distances no greater than 50 feet apart. Section T305.9.2.3 permits the 
running slope to be 1:10 maximum for 30 feet maximum. Resting intervals 
must be provided at distances no greater than 30 feet apart. The 
rationale for requiring a resting interval is the same as for trails or 
outdoor recreation access routes. The running slope provisions are the 
same as those for an outdoor recreation access route.
    Section T305.10 requires edge protection where drop-offs from the 
beach access route to the beach are 6 inches or higher. The edge 
protection includes curbs, walls, or projecting surfaces that prevent 
people from falling off the route. Edge protection must be a minimum of 
2 inches high. If the drop-off is greater than 1 inch, but less than 6 
inches, then the edge must be beveled. While a raised edge may be 
considered a tripping hazard in some instances, the committee 
recognized that in some locations, an elevated route such as that 
created by a boardwalk might necessitate a raised edge for safety. 
Where these locations occur, the elevation of the route is already an 
impediment to the perpendicular traffic and the addition of edge 
protection would not create any more of a tripping hazard than that 
already created by the elevated route itself. Therefore, the committee 
recommended that those elevated routes, defined as 6 inches or more 
above the beach surface, have a requirement for edge protection 
equivalent to the edge protection requirement in the Architectural 
Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines for ramps. If the height of the 
route is greater than 1 inch but less than 6 inches, the committee felt 
that edge protection was not required, although the edge should be 
beveled. If the height of the route is 1 inch or less, then there is no 
requirement for beveling, as an inch or less elevation is virtually a 
flat route and is reasonable to expect in a beach environment given the 
shifting of sand.
T306 Picnic Tables
    Section T306.2 addresses the technical provisions for wheelchair 
spaces. Each wheelchair space must provide knee space of at least 30 
inches wide, 19 inches deep, and 27 inches from the ground or floor to 
the bottom of the table top. This provision is different from the 
Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines in that it also 
requires a toe clearance of 9 inches above the ground or floor 
extending for a total depth of 24 inches. This is an additional 5 
inches minimum beyond the 19-inch knee space depth. This ensures that 
adequate toe clearance is provided at tables that have a solid leg at 
each end (rather than an A-shape frame or individual legs). A 19-inch 
deep space at the end of a solid leg table would not allow a person 
using a wheelchair to be sufficiently close to the table.
    Section T306.3 addresses table clearance. This provision requires a 
36-inch wide minimum clear floor or ground space surrounding the usable 
portions of a table, measured from the back edge of the seat, or the 
back edge of the table if no seat is provided.
    Tables placed in buildings are generally expected to have ample 
space for moving around. This is not always the case where picnic 
tables are located in an outdoor environment. For that reason, the 
committee recommended a minimum clear floor or ground space that would 
provide maneuvering room beyond the accessible seating space to all 
usable portions of a table to allow for movement around the table.
    Section T306.4 addresses clear spaces. Section T306.4.1 requires 
the surface of the clear floor or ground space and the wheelchair space 
to be firm and stable. Slip resistance is not required because of the 
tree leaves and needles, duff (partly decayed organic material on the 
forest floor), mud, snow, and ice that often cover outdoor areas. 
Exception 1 permits an exception from this requirement where at least 
one of the conditions of T302 applies.
    Section T306.4.2 requires slopes of the required clear floor or 
ground spaces not to exceed 1:50 in any direction. Exceptions are 
provided to address the unique aspects of the outdoor environment. 
Natural and natural-appearing surfaces are often used in picnic areas. 
A 1:50 slope on these surfaces may not be adequate to ensure proper 
drainage. In these cases, exception 1 allows the slope in any direction 
to be 1:33 maximum. Exception 2 states that this provision does not 
have to be met where at least one of the conditions in section T302 
applies.
T307 Fire Rings
    Section T307.2 requires that a clear floor or ground space 
extending a minimum of 48 inches deep by 48 inches wide be provided at 
all usable portions of a fire ring. This clear floor or ground space 
exceeds what is generally required in the Architectural Barriers Act 
Accessibility Guidelines to allow both a forward and parallel approach 
and to provide more space to move away from the heat. Exception 1 
permits the clear floor or ground space to be reduced to no less than 
36 inches deep by 36 inches wide when one of the conditions in T302 
exists. A clear floor or ground space of less than 36 inches by 36 
inches at accessible fire rings could pose a safety hazard to users. As 
a result, no exception is provided to further reduce the clear floor or 
ground space to less than 36 inches by 36 inches.
    The surface and slope requirements of the clear spaces required by 
T307.2 must comply with T306.4. Many of the elements included in this 
rule share the same requirements for the surface and slope of clear 
spaces. A discussion regarding this requirement is included in the 
preamble discussion for T306.4.
    Section T307.3 requires the fire surface height to be 9 inches 
minimum above the ground or floor and is inconsistent with the 
Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines specifications for 
a low side reach which is 15 inches.
    Section T307.4 addresses raised edges around fire rings. Where a 
raised edge or curb is provided around a fire ring, this provision 
would require that the combined reach over the edge or curb and down to 
the fire building surface must be 24 inches maximum.
T308 Cooking Surfaces, Grills, and Pedestal Grills
    The surface and slope requirements of the clear spaces required by 
T308.2 must comply with T306.4. Many of the elements included in this 
rule share the same requirements for the surface and slope of clear 
spaces. A discussion regarding this requirement is included in the 
preamble discussion for T306.4.
    Section T308.3 requires accessible cooking surfaces to be installed 
between 15 inches and 34 inches above the ground or floor. This 
provides a comfortable reach range for cooking.
    Section T308.4 requires operating controls and mechanisms to comply 
with T407.

[[Page 34090]]

T309 Fixed Trash and Recycling Containers
    The surface and slope requirements of the clear spaces required by 
T309.2 must comply with T306.4. Many of the elements included in this 
rule share the same requirements for the surface and slope of clear 
spaces. A discussion regarding this requirement is included in the 
preamble discussion for T306.4. Section T309.3 requires operating 
controls for the containers to comply with T407.2 and T407.3. However, 
an exemption from this requirement is provided where the container has 
a hinged, sliding, or other cover and is situated where it is subject 
to large animal intrusion, thus dictating animal-resistant controls. 
Current designs for controls and operating mechanisms preclude 
providing secure storage of trash or recycled material from large 
animals, and still meet the reach and operating force requirements of 
T407.3.
T310 Wood Stoves and Fireplaces
    The surface and slope requirements of the clear spaces required by 
T310.2 must comply with T306.4. Many of the elements included in this 
rule share the same requirements for the surface and slope of clear 
spaces. A discussion regarding this requirement is included in the 
preamble discussion for T306.4.
    Section T310.2 requires that a clear floor or ground space 48 
inches deep minimum and 48 inches wide minimum be provided from all 
usable portions of the wood stove or fireplace. This is consistent with 
space requirements for other elements in outdoor developed facilities, 
such as fire rings and grills. The 48 inch requirement allows for a 
front and side approach. The committee agreed that the extra space 
required beyond 30 inches by 48 inches is warranted in this case where 
safety is paramount. An exception is provided to reduce this 
requirement to 36 inches minimum depth where one or more of the 
conditions in section T302 exist.
    Section T310.3 requires the controls for operation of wood stoves 
and fireplaces to comply with T407.
    Question 24: Are there controls and operating mechanisms available 
for fireplaces that will meet the requirements of T407? If not, what 
modifications will allow for most operating mechanisms of woodstoves 
and fireplaces to meet this provision?
T311 Overlooks and Viewing Areas
    Section T311.2 requires at least one turning space with a circular 
or T-shaped space complying T402. The surface and slope requirements of 
the turning spaces required by T311.2 must comply with T306.4. Many of 
the elements included in this rule share the same requirements for the 
surface and slope of clear spaces. A discussion regarding this 
requirement is included in the preamble discussion for T306.4.
    Section T311.3 requires that each location providing a viewing 
opportunity to one or more distinct points of interest must have at 
least one unrestricted viewing area for each viewing opportunity. The 
committee felt that the attraction of a viewing area is to bring 
persons to a place where they can enjoy all the aspects of the site and 
persons with disabilities should have the opportunity to experience the 
attraction. The committee determined that an arc extending from 32 
inches minimum above the level surface of the viewing area to 51 inches 
maximum above the surface would be sufficient to allow an unobstructed 
view. Often the overlook or the viewing area has an adjacent drop-off 
that would present a hazard to the user of the area. Safety barriers 
are often installed (such as a guardrail, railing, or wall) to protect 
the visitor from the edge and may block the view. This provision 
requires an unobstructed view to the distinct point of interest. There 
must be a means by which a field of view in the described arc is 
obtained. Various designs or recommendations to manage this are 
provided in the advisory, and include see-through panels in walls or 
elevated platforms away from the guarded edge. A periscope complying 
with T212.1 is also an option for a view over a barrier. This provision 
does not apply where one of the conditions in T302 exists.
T312 Telescopes and Periscopes
    Section T312.2 requires the surface conditions of the clear floor 
or ground space adjacent to the telescope or periscope to be firm and 
stable, and comply with the clear space requirement of T403. In the 
interest of safety and the ability to use the elements in an unchanging 
and balanced condition, a dependable surface condition is a necessity.
    Section T312.2 also requires the slope of the required clear floor 
or ground space to not exceed 1:50 in any direction, unless the surface 
condition is such that drainage is a problem. Where drainage is of 
concern, a 1:33 maximum slope is permitted. Drainage from the area 
adjacent to the elements is essential to preserve the integrity of the 
surface condition and to provide a comfortable location to use the 
elements.
    Section T312.3 requires the controls and operating mechanisms of 
telescopes and periscopes to comply with T407.
    Section T312.4 requires the eye piece to be usable from a seated 
position so that each distinct point of interest is viewable. This will 
provide the widest range of viewing opportunities, not only for seated 
individuals but also for children. An advisory provides suggestions on 
how to accomplish this. Options include an adjustable scope mount, a 
swivel seat or installing an element that would allow for a high/low 
option similar to what is offered for water fountains. The requirement 
for use from the seated position is necessary for people using 
wheelchairs and other mobility devices. The committee recognized that 
this may also benefit children or individuals of short stature.
T313 Fixed Benches
    Section T313.2 requires the surface and slope requirements of the 
clear spaces to comply with T306.4. Many of the elements included in 
this rule share the same requirements for the surface and slope of 
clear spaces. A discussion regarding this requirement is included in 
the preamble discussion for T306.4.
    Section T313.2 also requires that clear spaces be located at one 
end of the accessible bench, and not overlap other clear floor or 
ground space requirements. The committee debated the location of the 
clear floor or ground space, recognizing that many different 
configurations could exist. The requirement of a clear floor or ground 
space at one end without intruding into other clear floor or ground 
spaces provides users with the same perspective as the occupant of the 
bench, no matter which direction the bench is facing and avoids 
obstructing the outdoor recreation access route. Shoulder-to-shoulder 
alignment of the clear floor or ground space enhances the opportunity 
for and ease of interaction or conversation with someone seated on the 
bench.
    Section T313.3 requires that the top of the seat surface be between 
17 inches and 19 inches above the ground or floor space to facilitate 
transfer. This provision is consistent with the Architectural Barriers 
Act Accessibility Guidelines.
    Section T313.4 addresses back support. Back support is required on 
accessible benches and must extend the full length of the bench.
    Section T313.5 addresses armrests. Where required by T213.2, at 
least one armrest is required on a single bench. Section T213.2.2 
requires armrests where multiple benches are provided. All armrests 
must comply with T411.8. This will facilitate transfer to the bench

[[Page 34091]]

and provide support to maneuver to or from the bench seat.
T314 Utility Sinks
    Section T314.2 requires a clear floor or ground space complying 
with T403.1 to be provided at the sink for adequate reach and turning 
space. Section T314.2 requires that the clear floor or ground space not 
have a slope greater than 1:50. An exception permits the slope of the 
clear floor or ground space to be 1:33 maximum to provide proper 
drainage. Section T314.2 also requires that the surface of the clear 
floor space be firm and stable.
    Section T314.3 requires the height of the counter or rim to be 34 
inches maximum above the floor or ground surface.
    Section T314.4 requires the depth of the bowl to be 15 inches 
minimum above the floor or ground surface. The committee recognized 
that there may be some difficulty in providing a deep enough sink to 
accomplish the purposes of cleaning larger pots or pans given current 
reach range requirements. However, the committee believed that adhering 
to the established reach ranges was important.
    Section T314.5 requires operable parts of the sink to comply with 
T407.
T315 Mobility Device Storage Facilities
    Section T315.2 requires the surface and slope requirements of the 
clear spaces to comply with T306.4. Many of the elements included in 
this rule share the same requirements for the surface and slope of 
clear spaces. A discussion regarding this requirement is included in 
the preamble discussion for T306.4.
    Section T315.3 requires that the size of the storage space be 38 
inches minimum in height, 28 inches minimum in width and 40 inches 
minimum in length. These dimensions are based on the space needed for a 
collapsed standard adult wheelchair. The committee agreed that a 
wheelchair would be the most commonly occurring device which would 
require storage and based the requirements accordingly.
    Section T315.4 requires controls and operating mechanisms for 
accessible mobility storage facilities to comply with T407.
T316 Pit Toilets
    Section T316.2 requires the surface and slope requirements of the 
clear spaces to comply with T306.4. Many of the elements included in 
this rule share the same requirements for the surface and slope of 
clear spaces. A discussion regarding this requirement is included in 
the preamble discussion for T306.4.
    Section T316.2 also requires compliance T409. Where one of the 
conditions in T302 applies, exception 1 permits the size of the clear 
floor or ground space to be reduced to 48 inches by 48 inches. Where a 
48 inch by 48 inch clear floor or ground space cannot be provided 
because at least one of the conditions of T302 applies, exception 2 
does not require compliance with T316.2.
    Section T316.3 requires the height of the pit toilet seat to comply 
with T409.4. No exceptions for the outdoor environment were necessary.
    Section T316.4 requires grab bars complying with T411 only where 
the pit toilets are provided with walls. Since many pit toilets consist 
of a riser placed on the ground, the committee agreed that the 
requirement for grab bars should only be triggered if a structure 
surrounds the riser.
T317 Utilities
    Section T317.2 requires the slopes of clear floor or ground spaces 
at utilities to have a 1:50 maximum slope in any direction. Where 
surface conditions require a slope greater than 1:50 for proper 
drainage, an exception permits a 1:33 maximum slope. Section T317.2 
also requires the surface of the clear floor or ground space to be firm 
and stable.
    Section T317.3 requires fixed water spouts to be located 28 inches 
minimum to 36 inches maximum above the ground or floor surface and to 
be centered at the edge of a 60 inch minimum by 60 inch minimum clear 
floor or ground space.
    Section 317.4 requires controls and operating mechanisms associated 
with utilities to comply with T407. Exception 1 does not apply T407 to 
sewage hookups. Exception 2 exempts hand pumps from T407.3. The 
rationale for not requiring sewer hookups to meet height and reach 
range provisions is based on their ground level location necessary for 
gravity drainage. Most are foot drains or have a small handle at the 
ground level to open the connection to the system.
T318 Camping Facilities
    Section T318.2 addresses accessible camping space parking. Section 
T318.2.1 requires accessible recreational camping vehicle or trailer 
camping spaces to be 20 feet minimum in width. This was determined to 
be necessary to accommodate existing equipment manufactured by the 
recreational camping vehicle industry and lifts required to gain access 
out of and into this equipment. The extra width associated with this 
parking space is necessary to provide 3 feet of space on the driver's 
side for access to utilities. The parking space is 9 feet to allow for 
vehicle width and an 8 foot space on the passenger side for deployment 
of a lift with room to exit conveniently. An exception permits one 
space to be 16 feet minimum in width, where only two accessible parking 
spaces are required. The exception allows a smaller parking pad (van 
size) for the second accessible campsite. This deviation will limit the 
impact on the environment and the user's experience.
    Section T318.2.2 addresses tent camping spaces and camp shelter 
spaces. Where parking is provided, a tent camping and camp shelter 
parking space 16 feet wide is required and follows the Architectural 
Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines for van accessible parking spaces 
which would accommodate the maximum size vehicle used for this type of 
campsite. A ``camp shelter'' also includes cabin accommodations.
    Section T318.2.3 requires recreation camping vehicle and trailer 
parking spaces located in general use parking areas to be 12 feet 
minimum wide and to have an adjacent access aisle of 8 feet extending 
the full length of the parking space. The surface of the parking space 
and access aisle must be firm and stable.
    Section T318.2.4 requires that the slope of an accessible parking 
space not exceed 1:50 in any direction. Where surface conditions 
require a greater slope for proper drainage, an exception permits a 
1:33 maximum slope.
    Section T318.3 addresses tent pads and tent platforms. Section 
T318.3.1 addresses clear space. A 48 inch clear space around the tent 
pad is required to allow both side and front approach access to 
assembling equipment. An exception allows the clear space to be reduced 
to 36 inches where at least one of the conditions in T302 applies.
    Section T318.3.2 requires the tent pad surface to be firm and 
stable, consistent with other provisions in Chapters T2 and T3. An 
exception is permitted where at least one of the four conditions 
specified in T302 exist.
    Section T318.3.3 requires that the slope of the tent pad or 
platform not exceed 1:50 in any direction. An exception permits a 1:33 
maximum slope where necessary for proper drainage.
    Section T318.3.4 requires edge protection to be 3 inches minimum 
where a raised tent platform is provided. The 3 inch minimum is 
necessary to ensure visibility and to prevent wheelchairs and other 
mobility devices from rolling off the raised platform.

[[Page 34092]]

    Section T318.3.5 addresses the connection where a tent platform is 
raised above grade to provide a level surface to pitch a tent. Access 
is provided in a similar fashion to playground equipment by a transfer 
system including a platform and transfer steps. The need for mobility 
equipment on the platform surface was not deemed to be necessary for 
use, as the surface area is the same size as the tent.
T319 Warming Huts
    Section T319.1 requires warming huts to provide a turning space 
that complies with T402 and if a door is provided that it comply with 
T408.
T320 Outdoor Rinsing Showers
    Section T320.2 addresses the requirement for clear space. A clear 
space which would permit a front or parallel approach is necessary in 
order to make the shower usable. For most elements, such as a telephone 
or drinking fountain, a 30 inch by 48 inch clear floor space would 
suffice. Committee members agreed that only providing a front approach 
without a 5 foot turnaround space would not allow someone in a 
wheelchair to turn 360 degrees to rinse off under all angles of the 
water. For ease and convenience of use for people using wheelchairs, 
the full turnaround space must be provided.
    Section T320.2 also addresses the requirement for slope. The 
committee recommended that the slope of the clear space not exceed 1:33 
in all directions. This is consistent with recommendations by the 
committee for other outdoor elements where drainage is a concern. Many 
park maintenance managers indicated that a 1:20 slope is required for 
the floors of outdoor showers to ensure proper drainage. The committee 
believed that the increase to 1:33 would suffice and allow for a 
reasonable tolerance.
    Section T320.3 addresses the requirements for grab bars. Grab bars 
are typically not found in outdoor showers, primarily because the 
majority of the showers are free-standing poles and there is no place 
to mount a grab bar which conforms to the Architectural Barriers Act 
Accessibility Guidelines. Nonetheless, the committee believed that a 
grab bar was essential for stability in a wet environment, but not for 
transfer. The committee also recommended providing three options for 
the grab bar: vertical, circular (if the shower is on a pole), and 
horizontal (if the shower is on a wall). If a vertical grab bar is 
chosen it would be permitted only on a post. The committee recommended 
that it be provided 33 inches above the floor, the lowest height 
currently for a grab bar, and extend the length of the pole within 3 
inches below the shower head. If a circular grab bar is chosen it would 
also be permitted only on a post. This type of grab bar would resemble 
a spoked wheel mounted perpendicular to the post. The committee 
recommended that the grab bar be provided 33 to 36 inches above the 
floor, consistent with a horizontal grab bar in an indoor shower. If a 
horizontal grab bar is chosen, the committee recommended a 33 to 36 
inch mounting height, consistent with the mounting height for 
horizontal grab bars in indoor showers.
    Section T320.4 addresses the requirements for controls. In order 
for controls to be usable, they must be within reach ranges and be 
operable. The committee recommended that controls comply with T407. 
Many outdoor showers have a twist-type knob because those controls are 
less subject to vandalism. Although vandalism is a legitimate concern 
in outdoor settings, the committee agreed that accessible controls 
could be vandal-proofed, particularly if push controls are used. 
Therefore, the committee recommended that controls and operating 
mechanism comply with T407. If self-closing controls are used, the 
controls shall remain open for at least 10 seconds, the minimum time 
needed for rinsing.
    Section T320.5 addresses the requirements for a low outdoor rinsing 
shower spray head. The appropriate height for a low rinsing shower is 
taken from the current requirements for indoor showers. In order to 
provide flexibility, rather than an absolute mounting height, the 
committee recommended a range of 48 to 54 inches. A hand-held shower 
spray unit is permitted, although the committee realized that this 
would be an infrequent choice in an outdoor environment due to 
vandalism concerns.
    Section T320.6 addresses the requirement for the height of a high 
outdoor rinsing shower spray head. The height of the shower head must 
be a minimum of 72 inches above the floor or ground. A hand-held shower 
spray is permitted.
    The committee also discussed shower seats. Indoor showers which are 
designated as accessible require a seat. This requirement may not be 
reasonable for all outdoor showers. An adjacent bench might be 
conveniently located for the placement of items, but not in conjunction 
with showering itself. With an outdoor pole shower, there is no 
adjacent wall on which to mount a fold-down seat. In an outdoor shower 
mounted to a wall, a fold-down bench would likely be vandalized. 
Therefore, the committee recommended that there be no requirement for a 
shower seat in an outdoor rinsing shower.
T321 Signs
    Section T321.2 requires trails or trail segments that comply with 
T303 to provide a sign at the trail head and all designated access 
points. The sign must display a symbol designating that the trail or 
trail segment is accessible and shall include the total distance of the 
accessible trail or segment and the location of the first point where 
exceptions from the technical provision in T303 apply.
    An example of a sign to be used at accessible trails is included in 
an advisory note. Signs identifying accessible trail segments must 
include the total distance of the accessible segment and the location 
of the first point of departure from the technical provisions.
    Signs for trails were extensively debated by the committee. While 
certain trail information is critical for users, there was concern 
about requiring too many signs with too much information. There were 
also concerns that the requirement may be too onerous in terms of 
providing detailed information about trail characteristics. As a 
compromise, the committee agreed to include a requirement for a symbol 
to identify those trails that are accessible. Additionally, where the 
symbol is used to identify accessible trail segments, the total 
distance of the accessible trail segment to the location of the first 
point of departure from the technical provision must be provided.
    An extensive advisory note has been provided on the issue of trail 
information. The advisory note includes recommendations for the types 
of information which should be provided and examples of different 
formats for providing the information. Where trails are provided and 
conditions have required departure from some of the technical 
provisions, it is recommended that more detailed signs be provided to 
help users make informed decisions about trail use.
    Question 25: Some examples of proposed signs designating accessible 
trails are included in an advisory note. The committee did not reach a 
consensus on a particular sign. Comment is sought on these signs and 
other options. The proposed guidelines for trails require a sign on 
trails that meet the provisions and exceptions of T303.
    Section T321.3 requires camping spaces that comply with T318 to be

[[Page 34093]]

identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 
T412.2.
T322 Protruding Objects
    Section T322.1 requires protruding objects on trails, outdoor 
recreation access routes, and beach access routes to comply with T405. 
Protruding objects on trails must have 80 inches of vertical clearance. 
An exception permits a reduction in the 80 inch vertical clearance 
provided that a barrier is provided to warn persons with visual 
impairments. This allows a trail to pass through narrow, winding 
corridors, under ledges or through caves. This provision represents a 
compromise reached by committee members. Some committee members saw the 
need for a departure from the minimum 80 inches overhead clearance, 
while others felt that permitting this could present barriers to people 
with visual impairments.
    Question 26: The committee could not reach consensus on allowing a 
complete departure from this provision if the minimum overhead 
clearance could not be provided along a trail. After some debate, the 
committee agreed to propose the technical requirements for headroom 
clearance. Providing such a warning along a trail in the outdoor 
environment may have the effect of creating a barrier for all trail 
users. What other options are available on trails, specifically where 
there is a lack of sufficient space to move around an obstruction 
without significantly impacting the natural environment or setting?

Chapter T4

    Chapter T4 provides supplementary technical provisions that apply 
where required by Chapter T3 or where referenced by a requirement in 
this document.

Regulatory Process Matters

    These guidelines have been reviewed by the Office of Management and 
Budget pursuant to Executive Order 12866. The Access Board prepared a 
regulatory assessment for the guidelines. The regulatory assessment is 
available on the Access Board's Web site at  http://www.access-board.gov/outdoor/assessment.htm. The guidelines apply to the new 
construction and alteration of outdoor developed areas by Federal 
agencies subject to the Architectural Barriers Act. The guidelines will 
primarily affect the following Federal land management agencies in the 
Department of Agriculture: Forest Service; in the Department of the 
Interior: National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of 
Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation; and in the Department of 
Defense: Army Corps of Engineers.
    Establishing the Federal land management agencies annual 
expenditures on the construction and alterations of the elements and 
spaces covered by the proposed guidelines required a project-by-project 
review. The Access Board requested data from the Federal land 
management agencies on camping and picnic projects and trails projects 
funded in FY 2004 that included elements and spaces covered by the 
proposed guidelines. The data is summarized in Table 1. Some of the 
projects included the construction and alterations of general parking 
areas, restrooms, and other facilities covered by existing 
accessibility standards, or the construction and alterations of roads 
and other infrastructure that are not subject to accessibility 
standards. Thus, the total project costs overstate the expenditures on 
elements and spaces covered by the proposed guidelines.

               Table 1.--FY 2004 Projects That Included Construction and Alterations of Elements and Spaces Covered by Proposed Guidelines
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Camping & picnic areas                                              Trails
              Agency              ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Number of projects            Total project costs           Number of projects           Total project costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of Agriculture
    Forest Service...............  Not available.............  $6.9 million (FY 2003)........  Not available............  Not available.
Department of the Interior:
    National Park Service........  46........................  $14.0 million.................  33.......................  $2.7 million.
    Fish and Wildlife Service....  2.........................  $0.2 million..................  3........................  $0.3 million.
    Bureau of Land Management....  6.........................  $1.8 million..................  1........................  $25,000.
    Bureau of Reclamation........  8.........................  $1.1 million..................  3........................  $1.2 million.
Department of Defense:
    Army Corps of Engineers......  25........................  Not available.................  4........................  $1 million.
                                  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total....................  87........................  $24.0 million.................  44.......................  $5.2 million.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Access Board reviewed 43 camping and picnic area projects and 
26 trail projects that included the construction or alteration of 
elements and spaces covered by the accessibility guidelines for outdoor 
developed areas for this regulatory assessment, as shown in Table 2. 
The purpose of the review was to assess the level of accessibility of 
the elements and spaces, and the additional costs associated with 
accessibility.

          Table 2.--Projects Reviewed for Regulatory Assessment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Camping &
                    Agency                      picnic area     Trail
                                                  projects     projects
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of Agriculture:
  Forest Service..............................           12            4
Department of the Interior:
  National Park Service.......................            9           11
  Fish and Wildlife Service...................            2            3
  Bureau of Land Management...................            6            1
  Bureau of Reclamation.......................            8            3
Department of Defense:

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  Army Corps of Engineers.....................            6            4
                                               -------------------------
    Total.....................................           43           26
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Access Board used two baselines for this regulatory assessment. 
The first baseline assesses the costs associated with the proposed 
guidelines compared to the Federal land management agencies current 
accessibility policies and practices as described below:
     Forest Service--FSORAG and FSTAG. The Forest Service 
currently requires all its construction and alteration projects to use 
Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Accessibility Guidelines (FSORAG) and 
Forest Service Trail Accessibility Guidelines (FSTAG). FSORAG and FSTAG 
generally meet or exceed the level of accessibility in the proposed 
guidelines. Thus, the Forest Service's projects will not incur any 
additional costs associated with the proposed guidelines compared to 
FSORAG and FSTAG.
     Department of the Interior--Best Practices Bulletins. The 
Federal land management agencies in the Department of the Interior 
currently use the National Center on Accessibility's best practices 
bulletins. However, the agencies have not formally required all their 
construction and alteration projects to use the technical bulletins. 
Therefore, the baseline assumes 50 percent to 75 percent of the 
agencies' projects use the best practices bulletins. The best practices 
bulletins generally meet the level of accessibility in the proposed 
guidelines. Thus, the percentage of the agencies' projects that will 
incur additional costs associated with the proposed guidelines range 
from a lower bound of 25 percent to an upper bound of 50 percent.
     Army Corps of Engineers--Recreation Facility and Customer 
Service Standards and Best Practices. The Army Corps of Engineers 
currently require all its construction and alteration projects to use 
its Recreation Facility and Customer Service Standards, and also 
currently recommends that the projects use best practices for 
accessible design. The Army Corps of Engineers' Recreation Facility and 
Customer Service Standards generally meet or exceed the level of 
accessibility in the proposed guidelines, except for recreational 
vehicle parking areas and trails. The baseline assumes 50 percent to 75 
percent of the Army Corps of Engineers' projects use best practices for 
designing accessible recreational vehicle parking areas and trails that 
meet the level of accessibility in the proposed guidelines. Thus, the 
percentage of the Army Corps of Engineers' projects that will incur 
additional costs for recreational vehicle parking areas and trails 
associated with the proposed guidelines range from a lower bound of 25 
percent to an upper bound of 50 percent.
    The additional annual costs associated with the proposed guidelines 
compared to the Federal land management agencies current accessibility 
policies and practices range from $0.5 million to $1.1 million.
    The second baseline assesses the costs associated with the proposed 
guidelines if accessibility were not required by the Access Board or 
otherwise. That is, the second baseline attempts to evaluate how the 
Federal land management's agencies would construct the elements and 
spaces covered by the proposed guidelines in the absence of any 
accessibility requirement. The additional annual costs associated with 
the proposed guidelines using the second baseline range from $2.0 
million to $2.6 million.
    Individuals with disabilities, and their families and friends, will 
benefit from visiting and using accessible facilities in outdoor 
developed areas. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that there are 51.2 
million Americans with disabilities in the civilian non-
institutionalized population in 2002. Among the population age 15 and 
older, 2.7 million individuals use a wheelchair, and another 9.1 
million use a mobility aid such as a cane, crutches, or walker. The 
benefits to individuals with disabilities are not quantifiable. Many of 
the benefits to these individuals resulting from accessible facilities 
in outdoor developed areas are currently being realized under the 
Federal land management agencies' current accessibility policies and 
practices. The proposed guidelines will contribute to the benefits, and 
the benefits justify the regulatory action.
    The proposed guidelines will not have a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities for purposes of the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act because the guidelines apply only to Federal 
agencies. The proposed guidelines do not have any Federalism 
implications because they do not apply to State, local, and tribal 
governments. The proposed guidelines do not establish any requirements 
subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

List of Subjects in 36 CFR Part 1195

    Buildings and facilities, Individuals with disabilities.

Tricia Mason,
Chair, Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.
    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Access Board 
proposes to add part 1195 to Chapter XI of title 36 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations to read as follows:

PART 1195--ARCHITECTURAL BARRIERS ACT ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR 
OUTDOOR DEVELOPED AREAS

Sec.
1195.1 Accessibility guidelines.
Appendix A to Part 1195--Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility 
Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Areas

    Authority: 29 U.S.C. 792(b)(3).


Sec.  1195.1  Accessibility guidelines.

    The accessibility guidelines for outdoor developed areas designed, 
constructed, or altered by or on behalf of Federal agencies subject to 
the Architectural Barriers Act are set forth in Appendix A to this 
part.

Appendix A to Part 1195--Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility 
Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Areas

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[FR Doc. 07-2979 Filed 6-19-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8190-01-C