[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 217 (Thursday, November 9, 2006)]
[Notices]
[Pages 65775-65777]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 06-9121]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Bureau of Industry and Security

[Docket No. 05-BIS-22]


In the Matter of: Mr. Daqing Zhou; Manten Electronics, Inc.; 
Beijing Office, Suite 2-4-501, 2nd Area Cherry Garden, Li Qiao Town, 
Shun Yi, Beijing, PRC 101300, Respondent; Final Decision and Order

    In a charging letter filed on December 1, 2005, the Bureau of 
Industry and Security (``BIS'') alleged that the Respondent, Daqing 
Zhou (``Zhou''), committed three violations of the Export 
Administration Regulations (``Regulations''),\1\ issued under the 
Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. app. 2401-2420 
(2000)) (the ``Act'').\2\
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    \1\ The Regulations are currently codified at 15 CFR Parts 730-
774 (2006). The violations charged occurred in 2001 and 2002. The 
Regulations governing the violations at issue are found in the 2001 
through 2002 versions of the Code of Federal Regulations (15 CFR 
Parts 730-774 (2001-2002). The 2006 Regulations establish the 
procedures that apply to this matter.
    \2\ Since August 21, 2001, the Act has been in lapse and the 
President, through Executive Order 13222 of August 17, 2001 (3 CFR., 
2001 Comp. 783 (2002)), which has been extended by successive 
Presidential Notices, the most recent being that of August 3, 2006 
(71 FR 44,551 (August 7, 2006)) has continued the Regulations in 
effect under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701-1706 (2000)).
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    Specifically, the charging letter filed by BIS alleged that Zhou 
conspired to export microwave amplifiers, items subject to the 
Regulations and classified under Export Control Classification Number 
(``ECCN'') 3A001, from the United States to China without the required 
Department of Commerce license. BIS alleged that the goal of the 
conspiracy was to obtain microwave amplifiers on behalf of a Chinese 
end-user and to export those microwave amplifiers to China. In so 
doing, BIS charged that Zhou committed one violation of Section 
764.2(d) of the Regulations.
    The charging letter also alleged that Zhou caused the doing of an 
act prohibited by the Regulations. Specifically, BIS alleged that Zhou 
ordered the aforementioned microwave amplifiers from a U.S. company for 
use by an end-under in China. The U.S. company then exported the 
microwave amplifiers to China without the Department of Commerce 
license required by Section 742.4 of the Regulations. In so doing, BIS 
charged that Zhou committed one violation of Section 764.2(b) of the 
Regulations.
    Finally, the charging letter filed by BIS alleged that, in 
connection with the export of microwave amplifiers on or about May 23, 
2002, Zhou ordered or financed microwave amplifiers that were to be 
exported from the United States with knowledge that a violation of the 
Regulations would occur in connection with those items. In so doing, 
BIS charged that Zhou committed one violation of section 764.2(e) of 
the Regulations.
    In accordance with Section 766.3(b)(1) of the Regulations, on 
December 1, 2005, BIS mailed the notice of issuance of the charging 
letter by registered mail to Zhou at his last known address. Although 
postage marks indicate that the charging letter arrived in Beijing, the 
letter was returned to BIS unopened. BIS then sent a copy of the 
charging letter to Zhou at the same address in Beijing by Federal 
Express on May 1, 2006. The record established that on May 17, 2006, 
the charging letter sent by Federal Express was signed for by a ``D. 
Zhou.''
    Section 766.6(a) of the Regulations provides, in pertinent part, 
that ``[t]he respondent must answer the charging letter within 30 days 
after being served with notice of issuance of the charging letter'' 
initiating the administrative enforcement proceeding. To date, Zhou has 
not filed an answer to the charging letter with the Administrative Law 
Judge (ALJ), and has not otherwise responded to the charging letter, as 
required by the Regulations.
    Pursuant to the default procedures set forth in Section 766.7 of 
the Regulations, BIS filed a Motion for Default Order with the ALJ on 
September 11, 2006. Under Section 766.7(a) of the Regulations, 
``[f]ailure of the respondent to file an answer within the time 
provided constitutes a waiver of the respondent's right to appear,'' 
and ``on BIS's motion and without further notice to the respondent, 
[the ALJ] shall find the facts to be as alleged in the charging 
letter.''
    On October 17, 2006, the ALJ issued a Recommended Decision and 
Order in which he concluded that ``BIS submitted evidence to establish 
delivery of the notice of the Charging Letter was constructively 
refused on or about December 17, 2006 and that BIS properly served 
notice of the Charging Letter in accordance with Section 766.3 of the 
Regulations.'' I conclude that the ALJ's reference to ``December 17, 
2006'' was a typographical error. In this case, I find that the charges 
were served on the Respondent on May 17, 2006; the date that ``D. 
Zhou'' signed for the Federal Express package containing the charging 
letter that was sent to the Respondent's, Daqing Zhou, last known 
address. Thirty days having past since the charges were properly served 
and not answered, BIS was entitled to seek a default judgment.
    Based upon the record before him, the ALJ held Zhou in default. In 
the Recommended Decision and Order, the ALJ found the facts to be as 
alleged in BIS's charging letter, and determined that those facts 
established that Zhou committed one violation of Section 764.2(d), one 
violation of Section 764.2(b), and one violation of Section 764.2(e) of 
the Regulations. The ALJ recommended that Zhou be denied export 
privileges for twenty years.
    The ALJ's Recommended Decision and Order, together with the entire 
record in this case, has been referred to me for final action under 
Section 766.22 of the Regulations. I find that the record supports the 
ALJ's findings of fact and conclusions of law, as modified above, with 
respect to each of the above-referenced charges brought against Zhou. I 
also find that the penalty recommended by the ALJ is appropriate, given 
the nature of the violations, the lack of mitigating circumstances, the 
importance of preventing future unauthorized exports, and penalties 
imposed in past similar cases. Although the imposition of a monetary 
penalty is an appropriate option, I agree with the ALJ that in this 
case such a penalty may not be effective, given the difficulty of 
collecting payment against a party outside the United States.
    Based on my review of the entire record, I affirm the findings of 
fact, as modified, and conclusions of law in the ALJ's Recommended 
Decision and Order.

[[Page 65776]]

    Accordingly, it is therefore ordered:
    First, that, for a period of twenty years from the date this Order 
is published in the Federal Register, Daqing Zhou (a/k/a ``David 
Zhou''), Manten Electronics, Inc., Beijing Office, Suite 2-4-501, 2nd 
Area Cherry Garden, Li Quiao Town, Shun Yi, Beijing, PRC 101300, and 
when acting for or on his behalf, his representatives, agents, assigns, 
or employees (``Denied Person''), may not, directly or indirectly, 
participate in any way in any transaction involving any commodity, 
software or technology (hereinafter collectively referred to as 
``item'') exported or to be exported from the United States that is 
subject to the Regulations, or in any other activity subject to the 
Regulations, including, but not limited to:
    A. Applying for, obtaining, or using any license, License 
Exception, or export control document;
    B. Carrying on negotiations concerning, or ordering, buying, 
receiving, using, selling, delivering, storing, disposing of, 
forwarding, transporting, financing, or otherwise servicing in any way, 
any transaction involving any item exported or to be exported from the 
United States that is subject to the Regulations, or in any other 
activity subject to the Regulations; or
    C. Benefiting in any way from any transaction involving any item 
exported or to be exported from the United States that is subject to 
the Regulations, or in any other activity subject to the Regulations.
    Second, that no person may, directly or indirectly, do any of the 
following:
    A. Export or reexport to or on behalf of the Denied Person any item 
subject to the Regulations;
    B. Take any action that facilitates the acquisition or attempted 
acquisition by the Denied Person of the ownership, possession, or 
control of any item subject to the Regulations that has been or will be 
exported from the United States, including financing or other support 
activities related to a transaction whereby the Denied Person acquires 
or attempts to acquire such ownership, possession or control;
    C. Take any action to acquire from or to facilitate the acquisition 
or attempted acquisition from the Denied Person of any item subject to 
the Regulations that has been exported from the United States;
    D. Obtain from the Denied Person in the United States any item 
subject tot he Regulations with knowledge or reason to know that the 
item will be, or is intended to be, exported from the United States; or
    E. Engage in any transaction to service any item subject to the 
Regulations that has been or will be exported from the United States 
and that is owned, possessed or controlled by the Denied Person, or 
service any item, of whatever origin, that is owned, possessed or 
controlled by the Denied Person if such service involves that use of 
any item subject to the Regulations that has been or will be exported 
from the United States. For purposes of this paragraph, servicing means 
installation, maintenance, repair, modification or testing.
    Third, that, after notice and opportunity for comment as provided 
in Section 766.23 of the Regulations, any person, firm, corporation, or 
business organization related to the Denied Person by affiliation, 
ownership, control, or position of responsibility in the conduct of 
trade or related services may also be made subject to the provisions of 
this Order.
    Fourth, that this Order does not prohibit any export, reexport, or 
other transaction subject to the Regulations where the only items 
involved that are subject to the Regulations are foreign-produced 
direct product of U.S.-origin technology.
    Fifth, that this Order shall be served on the Denied Person and on 
BIS, and shall be published in the Federal Register. In addition, the 
ALJ's Recommended decision and Order, except for the section related to 
the Recommended Order, shall be published in the Federal Register.
    This Order, which constitutes the final agency action in this 
matter, is effective upon publications in the Federal Register.

    Dated: November 3, 2006.
Mark Foulon,
Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security.

Recommended Decision and Order

    On December 1, 2005, the Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. 
Department of Commerce (``BIS''), issued a Charging Letter 
initiating this administrative enforcement proceeding against Daqing 
Zhou (``Zhou''). The Charging Letter alleged that Zhou committed 
three violations of the Export Administration Regulations (currently 
codified at 15 CFR Parts 730-774 (2006)) (``Regulations''),\1\ 
issued under the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 
U.S.C. App. 2401-2420 (2000)) (``Act'').\2\
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    \1\ The charged violations occurred in 2001 through 2002. The 
Regulations governing the violations at issue are found in the 2001 
through 2002 versions of the Code of Federal Regulations (15 CFR 
Parts 730-774 (2001-2002)). The 2006 Regulations establish the 
procedures that apply to this matter.
    \2\ Since August 21, 2001, the Act has been in lapse and the 
President, through Executive Order 13222 of August 17, 2001 (3 CFR, 
2001 Comp. 783 (2002)), as extended by the Notice of August 3, 2006 
(71 FR 44,551 (Aug. 7, 2006)), has continued the Regulations in 
effect under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701-1706 (2000)).
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    Specifically, the Charging Letter alleged that Zhou conspired 
and acted in concert with others, known and unknown, to export 
microwave amplifiers from the United States to China without the 
required Department of Commerce license. BIS alleged that the goal 
of the conspiracy was to obtain microwave amplifiers on behalf of a 
Chinese end-user and to export those microwave amplifiers to China. 
BIS alleged that in furtherance of the conspiracy, Zhou negotiated 
with individuals from China and developed a plan to acquire the 
amplifiers for shipment from the United States to China. BIS alleged 
that, contrary to Section 742.4 of the Regulations, no Department of 
Commerce license was obtained for the export of the amplifiers from 
the United States to China. (Charge 1).
    The Charging Letter filed by BIS also alleged that, on or about 
May 23, 2002, Zhou caused a violation of the Regulations by ordering 
microwave amplifiers, items subject to the Regulations and 
classified under export control classification number (``ECCN'') 
3A001, from a U.S. company for use by an end-user in China. At the 
time of the export caused by Zhou, the microwave amplifiers in 
question were controlled on the Commerce Control List for National 
Security reasons. BIS alleged that, contrary to Section 742.4 of the 
Regulations, no Department of Commerce license was obtained for the 
export of the amplifiers from the United States to China. (Charge 
2).
    Finally, the Charging Letter filed by BIS also alleged that, in 
connection with the export of microwave amplifiers on or about May 
23, 2002, Zhou ordered or financed microwave amplifiers that were to 
be exported from the United States with knowledge that a violation 
of the Regulations would occur. Specifically, BIS alleged that Zhou 
knew that a violation of the Regulations would occur as Zhou 
notified the U.S. exporter that the items in question were 
classified as ECCN 3A001, and was aware that the exporter was not 
going to obtain a license for the export. (Charge 3).
    Section 766.3(b)(1) of the Regulations provides that notice of 
the issuance of a charging letter shall be served on a respondent by 
mailing a copy by registered or certified mail addressed to the 
respondent at the respondent's last known address. Further, the date 
of service is the date of its delivery or of its attempted delivery 
is refused. See 15 CFR 766.4(c).
    Here, BIS mailed the Charging Letter by registered mail on 
December 1, 2005 to Zhou at his last known address: Mr. Daqing Zhou, 
Manten Electronics, Inc., Beijing Office, Suite 2-4-501, 2nd Area 
Cherry Garden, Li Qiao Town, Shun Yi, Beijing, PRC 101300. Although 
postage marks indicate that the letter arrived in Beijing, the 
letter was returned to BIS unopened. BIS sent a courtesy copy of the 
Charging Letter to the same address in Beijing by Federal Express on 
May 1, 2006.\3\ This time a person named

[[Page 65777]]

``Dr. Zhou'' signed for the delivery on May 17, 2006. The 
undersigned concludes, BIS submitted evidence to establish delivery 
of the notice of the Charging Letter was constructively refused on 
or around December 17, 2006 and that BIS properly served notice of 
the Charging Letter in accordance with Section 766.3 of the 
Regulations.
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    \3\ Furthermore, on May 1, 2006, BIS sent a courtesy copy of the 
charging letter to Zhou at the last known e-mail address: 
[email protected].
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    Section 766.6(a) of the Regulations provides, in pertinent part, 
that ``[t]he respondent must answer the charging letter within 30 
days after being served with notice of issuance of the charging 
letter'' initiating the administrative enforcement proceeding. To 
date, Zhou has not filed an answer to the Charging Letter.
    Pursuant to the default procedures set forth in Section 766.7 of 
the Regulations, I find the facts to be as alleged in the Charging 
Letter, and hereby determine that those facts establish that Zhou 
committed one violation of Section 764.2(d), one violation of 
Section 764.2(b), and one violation of Section 764.2(e) of the 
Regulations.
    Section 764.3 of the Regulations sets forth the sanctions BIS 
may seek for violations of the Regulations. The applicable sanctions 
are: (i) A monetary penalty, (ii) suspension from practice before 
the Bureau of Industry and Security, and (iii) a denial of export 
privileges under the Regulations. See 15 CFR 764.3 (2001-2002). 
Because Zhou caused the export of microwave amplifiers, items 
controlled by BIS for national security reasons for export to China, 
BIS requests that I recommend to the Under Secretary of Commerce for 
Industry and Security \4\ that Zhou's export privileges be denied 
for twenty years.
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    \4\ Pursuant to Section 13(c)(1) of the Export Administration 
Act and Section 766.17(b)(2) of the Regulations, in export control 
enforcement cases, the Administrative Law Judge makes recommended 
findings of fact and conclusions of law that the Under Secretary 
must affirm, modify or vacate. The Under Secretary's action is the 
final decision for the U.S. Commerce Department.
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    BIS suggested this sanction because Zhou's role in conspiring to 
export amplifiers to China, as well as his role in ordering 
amplifiers for export to China, represents a significant harm to 
U.S. national security. BIS further argued that Zhou knowingly 
engaged in conduct prohibited by the Regulations by conspiring to, 
and causing the export of microwave amplifiers to China with 
knowledge that a violation of the Regulations would occur. The items 
involved in this unlicensed export--microwave amplifiers--required a 
license for export to China for national security reasons. 
Accordingly, BIS asserted that Zhou's actions represented a 
significant potential harm to the essential national security 
interests protected by U.S. export controls.\5\ Furthermore, BIS 
believes that the recommended denial order is particularly 
appropriate in this case, since Zhou failed to respond to the 
Charging Letter filed by BIS, despite evidence indicating that Zhou 
received actual service of the Charging Letter. Finally, BIS 
believes that the imposition of a twenty-year denial order is 
particularly appropriate in this case since BIS would likely face 
difficulties in collecting a monetary penalty, as Zhou is not 
located in the United States. In light of these circumstances, BIS 
believes that the denial of Zhou export privileges for twenty years 
is an appropriate sanction.
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    \5\ See 15 CFR Part 766, Supp. No. 1, III, A. (Stating that a 
denial order may be considered even in matters involving simple 
negligence or carelessness, if the violation(s) involves ``harm to 
the national security or other essential interests protected by the 
export control system,'' if the violations are of such a nature and 
extent that a monetary fine alone represents an insufficient penalty 
* * *) (emphasis added).
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    On this basis, I concur with BIS and recommended that the Under 
Secretary enter an Order denying Zhou's export privileges for a 
period of twenty years. Such a denial order is consistent with 
penalties imposed in similar cases. See In the Matter of Mark Jin a/
k/a Zhongda Jin et al, 66 FR 40,971 (Aug. 6, 2001) (affirming the 
recommendation of the ALJ that a twenty-five year denial order was 
appropriate where the respondent knowingly exported items to China 
without a license and defaulted on the BIS charging letter); In the 
Matter of Petrom GmbH International Trade, 70 FR 32,743 (June 6, 
2005) (affirming the recommendations of the ALJ that a twenty year 
denial order and a civil monetary sanction of $143,000 were 
appropriate where knowing violations involved a shipment of EAR99 
items to Iran); In the Matter of Adbulamir Mahdi, 68 FR 57,406 (Oct. 
3, 2003) (affirming the recommendation of the ALJ that a twenty year 
denial order was appropriate where knowing violations involved 
shipments of EAR99 items to Iran as a part of a conspiracy to ship 
such items through Canada to Iran).

[Redacted Section]

    This Order, which constitutes the final agency action in this 
matter, is effective upon publication in the Federal Register,
    Accordingly, I am referring this Recommended Decision and Order 
to the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security for 
review and final action for the agency, without further notice to 
the respondent, as provided in Section 766.7 of the Regulations.
    Within 30 days after receipt of this Recommended Decision and 
Order, the Under Secretary shall issue a written order affirming 
modifying, or vacating the Recommended Decision and Order. See 15 
CFR 766.22(c).

Dated: October 17, 2006.

The Honorable Joseph N. Ingolia, Chief Administrative Law Judge.


[FR Doc. 06-9121 Filed 11-8-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-33-M