[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 190 (Monday, October 2, 2006)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 58176-58231]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 06-8367]



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Part III





Department of the Interior





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Fish and Wildlife Service



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50 CFR Part 17



Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical 
Habitat for the Alameda Whipsnake; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 190 / Monday, October 2, 2006 / Rules 
and Regulations  

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 17

RIN 1018AT93


Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of 
Critical Habitat for the Alameda Whipsnake

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), are 
designating critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake (Masticophis 
lateralis euryxanthus) pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, 
as amended (Act). In total, approximately 154,834 acres (ac) (62,659 
hectares (ha)) critical habitat are being designated for the taxon. The 
critical habitat is located in Alameda, Contra Costa, Santa Clara, and 
San Joaquin Counties, California.

DATES: This rule becomes effective on November 1, 2006.

ADDRESSES: Comments and materials received, as well as supporting 
documentation used in the preparation of this final rule, are available 
for public inspection, by appointment, during normal business hours, at 
the Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-
2605, Sacramento, California 95825. The final rule and economic 
analysis are available via the Internet at http://www.fws.gov/sacramento.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Arnold Roessler, Listing Branch Chief, 
Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office, at the above address (telephone 
916/414-6600; facsimile 916/414-6712).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Role of Critical Habitat in Actual Practice of Administering and 
Implementing the Act

    Attention to and protection of habitat is paramount to successful 
conservation actions. The role that designation of critical habitat 
plays in protecting habitat of listed species, however, is often 
misunderstood. As discussed in more detail below in the discussion of 
exclusions under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, there are significant 
limitations on the regulatory effect of designation under section 
7(a)(2) of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). In brief, (1) designation 
provides additional protection to habitat only where there is a Federal 
nexus; (2) the protection is relevant only when, in the absence of 
designation, destruction or adverse modification of the critical 
habitat would in fact take place (in other words, other statutory or 
regulatory protections, policies, or other factors relevant to agency 
decision-making would not prevent the destruction or adverse 
modification); and (3) designation of critical habitat triggers the 
prohibition of destruction or adverse modification of that habitat, but 
it does not require specific actions to restore or improve habitat.
    Currently, only 475 species, or 36 percent of the 1,310 listed 
species in the U.S. under the jurisdiction of the Service, have 
designated critical habitat. We address the habitat needs of all 1,310 
listed species through conservation mechanisms such as listing, section 
7 consultations, the section 4 recovery planning process, the section 9 
protective prohibitions of unauthorized take, section 6 funding to the 
States, the section 10 incidental take permit process, and cooperative, 
nonregulatory efforts with private landowners. The Service believes 
that it is these measures that may make the difference between 
extinction and survival for many species.
    In considering exclusions of areas originally proposed for 
designation, we evaluated the benefits of designation in light of 
Gifford Pinchot Task Force v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 
In that case, the Ninth Circuit invalidated the Service's regulation 
defining ``destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat.'' 
In response, on December 9, 2004, the Director issued guidance to be 
considered in making section 7 adverse modification determinations. 
This critical habitat designation does not use the invalidated 
regulation in our consideration of the benefits of including areas in 
this final designation. The Service will carefully manage future 
consultations that analyze impacts to designated critical habitat, 
particularly those that appear to be resulting in an adverse 
modification determination. Such consultations will be reviewed by the 
Regional Office prior to finalizing to ensure that an adequate analysis 
has been conducted that is informed by the Director's guidance.
    On the other hand, to the extent that designation of critical 
habitat provides protection, that protection can come at significant 
social and economic cost. In addition, the mere administrative process 
of designation of critical habitat is expensive, time-consuming, and 
controversial. The current statutory framework of critical habitat, 
combined with past judicial interpretations of the statute, make 
critical habitat the subject of excessive litigation. As a result, 
critical habitat designations are driven by litigation and courts 
rather than biology, and made at a time and under a time frame that 
limits our ability to obtain and evaluate the scientific and other 
information required to make the designation most meaningful.
    In light of these circumstances, the Service believes that 
additional agency discretion would allow our focus to return to those 
actions that provide the greatest benefit to the species most in need 
of protection.

Procedural and Resource Difficulties in Designating Critical Habitat

    We have been inundated with lawsuits for our failure to designate 
critical habitat, and we face a growing number of lawsuits challenging 
critical habitat determinations once they are made. These lawsuits have 
subjected the Service to an ever-increasing series of court orders and 
court-approved settlement agreements, compliance with which now 
consumes nearly the entire listing program budget. This leaves the 
Service with little ability to prioritize its activities to direct 
scarce listing resources to the listing program actions with the most 
biologically urgent species conservation needs.
    The consequence of the critical habitat litigation activity is that 
limited listing funds are used to defend active lawsuits, to respond to 
Notices of Intent (NOIs) to sue relative to critical habitat, and to 
comply with the growing number of adverse court orders. As a result, 
listing petition responses, the Service's own proposals to list 
critically imperiled species, and final listing determinations on 
existing proposals are all significantly delayed.
    The accelerated schedules of court-ordered designations have left 
the Service with limited ability to provide for public participation or 
to ensure a defect-free rulemaking process before making decisions on 
listing and critical habitat proposals, due to the risks associated 
with noncompliance with judicially imposed deadlines. This in turn 
fosters a second round of litigation in which those who fear adverse 
impacts from critical habitat designations challenge those 
designations. The cycle of litigation appears endless, and is very 
expensive, thus diverting resources from conservation actions that may 
provide relatively more benefit to imperiled species.
    The costs resulting from the designation include legal costs, the 
cost of preparation and publication of the designation, the analysis of 
the economic effects and the cost of requesting and responding to 
public

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comment, and in some cases the costs of compliance with the National 
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). These costs, 
which are not required for many other conservation actions, directly 
reduce the funds available for direct and tangible conservation 
actions.

Background

    The Alameda whipsnake, also known as the Alameda striped racer, 
reaches an adult size of 3 to 5 feet (ft) (91 to 152 centimeters (cm)) 
in length and inhabits the inner coast range mostly in Contra Costa and 
Alameda Counties (Jennings 1983; McGinnis 1992; Swaim 1994), with 
additional occurrence records in San Joaquin and Santa Clara Counties 
(California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) 2006; Swaim 2004). 
Lizards, particularly the western fence lizard (Sceloporus 
occidentalis), are the primary prey of the Alameda whipsnake, however, 
the whipsnake's diet may include other prey items (e.g., rattlesnakes 
and nesting birds) depending on an individual's size, sex, age, and 
location. Several individuals monitored by Swaim (1994, p. 50) for 
nearly an entire activity season appeared to maintain stable home 
ranges varying in area from 1.9 to 8.7 ha (5.0 to 21.5 ac). Movements 
of these individuals were multi-directional, and individual snakes 
returned to specific areas and retreat sites after long intervals of 
nonuse. Whipsnakes had one or more core areas (areas of concentrated 
use) within their home range as described above, centered on a scrub 
community; however, whipsnakes often ventured for periods of a few 
hours to weeks at a time into adjacent habitats, including grassland, 
oak savanna, and occasionally oak-bay woodland. Male whipsnakes 
extensively used grasslands during the mating season in spring. Female 
Alameda whipsnakes used grassland areas most extensively after mating, 
possibly in search of suitable egg-laying sites.
    It is our intent to limit discussion in this final rule to new 
information or clarification or correction of earlier information. For 
more information on the Alameda whipsnake, please refer to the December 
5, 1997 final listing rule (62 FR 64306), previous October 3, 2000 
final critical habitat designation (65 FR 58933), and the October 18, 
2005 proposed critical habitat designation (70 FR 60607).

Threats

    Several factors can affect the mosaic nature of the habitat upon 
which the Alameda whipsnake depends. Fire suppression can alter the 
structure of Alameda whipsnake habitat by allowing plants to establish 
a closed canopy, resulting in more uniformly cool conditions that may 
affect the Alameda whipsnake as well as its lizard prey base. 
Infrequent catastrophic wildfires may result in losses of habitat and 
direct mortality of Alameda whipsnakes. Incompatible grazing practices 
such as overgrazing, or bulldozing and burning in preparing lands for 
grazing, can result in significant and long-term losses of the scrub 
component of the vegetation mosaic comprising Alameda whipsnake 
habitat. Construction and use of paved or unpaved roads and trails 
within largely unbroken tracts of habitat, for recreational or other 
purposes, may result in both incremental losses of Alameda whipsnake 
habitat and direct mortality of individual Alameda whipsnakes crushed 
by motorized or unmotorized vehicles. These threats render the 
remaining habitat less suitable for the Alameda whipsnake, and special 
management may be needed to address them.

Previous Federal Actions

    On June 7, 2001, the Home Builders Association of Northern 
California and others filed a lawsuit in the United States Court for 
the Eastern District of California (Court) against the Service, 
challenging the final designation of critical habitat for the Alameda 
whipsnake (Home Builders Association of Northern California et al. v. 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service et al., 268 F. Supp. 2d 1197). On May 9, 
2003, the U.S. District Judge vacated and remanded the October 3, 2000, 
final rule designating critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake and, 
on January 14, 2004, issued an order specifying a schedule for 
completion of a new final rule. Our proposed critical habitat for the 
Alameda whipsnake was published in the Federal Register on October 18, 
2005 (70 FR 60607). A draft economic analysis of the proposed critical 
habitat was published in the Federal Register on May 4, 2006 (71 FR 
26311).
    For more information on previous Federal actions concerning the 
Alameda whipsnake, refer to the December 5, 1997, final listing rule 
published in the Federal Register (62 FR 64306).

Summary of Comments and Recommendations

    We requested written comments from the public on the proposed 
designation of critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake published on 
October 18, 2005 (70 FR 60607). The comment period for the proposed 
rule closed on December 19, 2005. A second comment period was opened 
for comments on the Draft Economic Analysis (DEA) and the proposed rule 
on May 4, 2006, and closed on June 5, 2006 (71 FR 26311). Comments and 
new information received in response to the proposed rule and the DEA 
were incorporated in the final rule as appropriate and/or summarized 
below.
    During the comment periods for the proposed rule, we received a 
total of 20 comment letters from Federal, State and local governments, 
and private individuals. Of those comment letters; 5 were peer reviews; 
1 letter provided comments based on comparison of the proposed rule 
with the rule remanded by Court order on May 9, 2003; 10 provided 
comments on the status of particular lands, and 2 of these 10 also 
commented on comparison with the remanded rule; 1 letter commented on 
the occurrence of Alameda whipsnake in non-chaparral habitats; 1 stated 
that all habitat should be saved; 1 expressed general support for the 
draft East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservation Plan and Natural 
Community Conservation Plan (ECCHCP/NCCP); and 1 had particular 
questions on the impact of critical habitat designation on the 
development process. We did not receive any requests for a public 
hearing.

Peer Review

    In accordance with our policy published on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 
34270), we solicited expert opinions from five knowledgeable 
individuals with scientific expertise that included familiarity with 
the subspecies, the geographic region in which the subspecies occurs, 
and conservation biology principles. We received responses from all 
five peer reviewers. Four of the peer reviewers agreed generally with 
the descriptions, methods, and the primary constituent elements used in 
this designation. Of those that agreed, one peer reviewer stated the 
designation should go forward as written, two peer reviewers identified 
specific areas that should be added to the designation, and one peer 
reviewer identified specific areas for both addition to and removal 
from the designation. The fifth peer reviewer commented on habitat 
associations, feeding specialization, and slope exposure, and 
recommended additional explanation about habitats where the species is 
seen less frequently. One of five peer reviewers agreed with the 
exclusions we had already proposed under section 4(b)(2) of the Act but 
requested clarifications, while a second peer reviewer disagreed with 
those exclusions. The other three peer reviewers did not comment on the

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exclusions. Three of five peer reviewers felt that additional areas 
should be designated critical habitat in the vicinities of proposed 
critical habitat Units 5A and 5B.
    We reviewed all comments received from the peer reviewers and the 
public for substantive issues and new information regarding critical 
habitat for the Alameda whipsnake, and addressed them in the following 
summary.

Peer Reviewer Comments

    (1) Comment: One peer reviewer concluded that inadequate attention 
had been given to the issue of intergradation (transitional forms 
resulting from breeding with similar species; in this case, between the 
Alameda whipsnake and the chaparral whipsnake) in the proposed 
designation, noting that he had observed whipsnakes with 
characteristics of Alameda whipsnakes up to 20 miles (mi) (32 
kilometers (km)) south of Unit 5A in Del Puerto Canyon and San Antonio 
Valley within Santa Clara County. The peer reviewer recommended that 
these areas should ideally be designated as critical habitat, and 
suggested that zones of intergradation are vital to the conservation of 
the Alameda whipsnake. The peer reviewer also called for a study of 
intergradation using genetic analysis as appropriate.
    Our Response: We examined the available information on 
intergradation, including published descriptions by Reimer (1954, p. 
47) and Jennings (1983, p. 343.1), and Jennings' comments on the 
proposed listing (Jennings 1994, letter dated March 19, 1994). Those 
references indicate potential intergrades on the eastern and southern 
range of the proposed designation, but not in Santa Clara County. Our 
research into additional occurrence records outside those areas 
designated in Santa Clara County did not locate documentation of such 
records of whipsnake intergrades during the preparation of this final 
rule. We requested the peer reviewer provide additional documentation, 
but did not receive a response within either comment period. Based on 
examination of our Geographic Information System (GIS) database, we 
determined that Del Puerto Canyon and San Antonio Valley do contain at 
least one primary constituent element (PCE). We conclude that the 
reviewer may be correct that Alameda whipsnake intergrades are present 
to the south of the proposed designation, but there is inadequate 
information to support a change in the designation in this area. While 
we may agree with the commenter as to the need for additional study, 
designation of critical habitat is based on the best and most current 
scientific and commercial information available. Without further 
information on the location of whipsnake intergrades, we cannot fully 
consider additional areas for inclusion in critical habitat. Finally, 
we do not believe that all such habitat, even if occupied, must be 
designated as critical habitat, nor did we believe it necessary to 
designate unoccupied habitat. We conclude that the designations of 
Units 5A and 5B as proposed are sufficient for conservation of the 
Alameda whipsnake in the southern range of the subspecies.
    (2) Comment: One peer reviewer noted that the accepted common name 
of the Alameda whipsnake is Alameda striped racer, but assumes its use 
is beyond revision at this time.
    Our Response: We have indicated in the Background section above 
that Alameda striped racer is another name for Alameda whipsnake.
    (3) Comment: One peer reviewer suggested not excluding any critical 
habitat from the final designation because management for the Alameda 
whipsnake should not be much more difficult if such lands are included 
rather than excluded.
    Our Response: We agree that the designation of critical habitat 
does not substantially increase the regulatory requirements already in 
place for a listed species. However, there are multiple ways to provide 
for the management and conservation of a species and its habitat. 
Federal, State, local, or private management plans can provide 
protection and management to avoid the need for designation of critical 
habitat. When we determine whether a plan is adequate in protecting a 
species or its habitat, we consider whether the plan, as a whole, will 
provide at least the same level of protection as the designation of 
critical habitat. The plan need not lead to exactly the same result as 
a designation in every individual application, as long as the 
protection it provides is equivalent or better overall. In making this 
determination, we examine whether the plan provides management, 
protection, or enhancement of the primary constituent elements (PCEs) 
that is at least equivalent to that provided by a critical habitat 
designation, and whether there is a reasonable expectation that the 
management, protection, or enhancement actions will continue into the 
foreseeable future. Each review is particular to the species and the 
plan, and some plans may be adequate for some species and inadequate 
for others.
    Under section 4(b)(2), in considering whether to exclude a 
particular area from the designation, we must identify the benefits of 
including the area in the designation, identify the benefits of 
excluding the area from the designation, and determine whether the 
benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion. If an 
exclusion is contemplated, then we must determine whether excluding the 
area would result in the extinction of the species. For more 
information, see Application of Section 4(a)(3) and Exclusions Under 
Section 4(b)(2) of the Act section below.
    (4) Comment: One peer reviewer suggested that eucalyptus 
(Eucalyptus sp.) and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) are not essential 
features because they can form a closed canopy. The peer reviewer 
states that eucalyptus in particular can invade grasslands and 
brushland habitats as well as increase fire risk, which could lead to 
the loss of regional Alameda whipsnake populations. However, the peer 
reviewer acknowledged the potential for eucalyptus and redwood trees to 
provide cover and function as a movement corridor. The reviewer 
provided six color digital aerial photographs showing his recommended 
removal from the critical habitat designation of groves of eucalyptus 
or other inappropriate habitat from Units 2 and 6. The reviewer 
comments that the proposed rule suggests that redwood and eucalyptus 
are essential features.
    Our Response: In the proposed rule, we indicated that proliferation 
of non-native species, including eucalyptus, is a factor associated 
with threats to the Alameda whipsnake and is in need of special 
management. In this particular case, based on the existence of 
eucalyptus groves as well as roads, we have decided to remove one 
specific area in Unit 2 and three specific areas in Unit 6, as 
identified in the peer reviewer's comments. One additional change in 
Unit 2 included moving a portion of the west boundary to follow the 
alignment of Redwood Creek. We also reviewed language in the proposed 
rule as it pertains to eucalyptus and redwood. We conclude that this 
language notes that eucalyptus and redwood are examples of the types of 
vegetation included within woodland communities adjacent to scrub 
habitat, but this does not require that we include them. As noted by 
the peer review comment, these areas may require special management to 
reduce fire risk. As mentioned in the proposed and this final rule, PCE 
2 provides several of the biological processes, including dispersal, 
foraging, and contact with adjacent habitat. There may be instances 
within the designation in which eucalyptus or redwood areas are 
included to provide the spatial connectivity needed for dispersal and

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contact between higher quality vegetation types. We have decided not to 
remove mention of eucalyptus or redwood in the primary constituent 
elements section, because these habitat types may be present in areas 
that are essential for dispersal and contact and/or may require special 
management.
    (5) Comment: Two peer reviewers suggested designating additional 
critical habitat in the area between Units 5A and 5B. One of the peer 
reviewers stated that this area has current Alameda whipsnake 
populations, is in private ownership, and may be threatened by direct 
mortality along ranch roads and residential development of ranchettes 
and cabins or other habitat modification. We requested and received 
additional documentation of Alameda whipsnake sightings in the subject 
area. The sightings, all photographed, were made between April 21, 
2001, and May 2, 2004, by the peer reviewer: three on Ohlone 
Conservation Bank lands, and one adjacent to San Francisco Water 
Department lands (San Antonio Watershed).
    A second peer reviewer's comment on this issue suggested that 
additional areas between Units 5A and 5B should be designated because 
it is a vast area of core type habitat, and the lack of observations is 
due only to a lack of surveys for the species in this specific area, 
and designation as critical habitat is necessary to connect major known 
Alameda whipsnake localities. The reviewer considered the division and 
reduction of Unit 5, relative to the 2000 rule remanded by the Court in 
2003, to be inappropriate based on information concerning Alameda 
whipsnake habitat and mobility.
    Our Response: We reviewed the materials provided and consider the 
additional sighting information provided by one of the peer reviewers 
to be authentic. GIS analysis confirms that the area mentioned by the 
peer reviewers contains all PCEs, and possesses significant blocks of 
chamise chaparral and coastal scrub vegetation as well as major rock 
outcroppings and Alameda whipsnake associated soils. This type of 
habitat is similar to more extensively surveyed areas, which support 
robust populations of Alameda whipsnake.
    However, we consider the units presented in the proposed rule to 
contain sufficient PCEs to support the behaviors that we have 
determined to be essential to the conservation of the subspecies. For 
this reason, we have not designated this additional habitat recommended 
by the peer reviewer's in the final rule.
    (6) Comment: One of the peer reviewers expressed concern that the 
proposed rule relies far too heavily on Swaim (1994), and appears not 
to have consulted key references (Larsen et al. 1991; McGinnis and 
Swaim 1992, Swaim and McGinnis 1992). The reviewer summarizes several 
aspects of Alameda whipsnake biology, including the importance of (a) 
rock, talus, and burrows, (b) high lizard densities, (c) southerly 
slope aspect, and (d) open canopy shrub or chaparral. The reviewer 
states that Alameda whipsnakes may forage or pass through a variety of 
other community types such as grassland and oak woodland. The reviewer 
believes that the proposed rule gives the inaccurate impression that 
snake populations may occur only in these other community types and 
that, therefore, additional explanation is needed. The reviewer 
expresses concern that this impression may result in misinterpretation 
during Section 7 consultations. The reviewer states that annual 
grassland, even if adjacent to scrub or chaparral (PCE 1), is not 
critical habitat if it has a low prey base or low presence of retreat 
sites. The reviewer states that the final critical habitat rule should 
address the potential for development on areas with no such features, 
and gives Moller Ranch as an example where development was done in a 
manner compatible with preservation of snake habitat.
    Our Response: We consulted the three references cited in the peer 
review (Larsen et al. 1991; Swaim and McGinnis 1992; McGinnis and Swaim 
1992). The findings of Swaim and McGinnis (1992) which state that 
Alameda whipsnakes were most often associated with southerly slope 
aspects is adequately summarized in the proposed rule (70 FR 60610). 
More recent analyses establish that this association is not as 
exclusive as originally indicated by Swaim and McGinnis (1992), in 
which Alameda whipsnakes were never found on several other slope 
aspects. In fact, Alameda whipsnakes do use all slope aspects. As 
already discussed in the proposed rule (70 FR 60610), this conclusion 
is based on much more extensive studies by Swaim (2000, 2003, 2004, 
2005b-d), as well as on further analysis of the most current database 
of all records by Alvarez (2005, 2006 in press). Alvarez (2006 in 
press, p. 1) found 17 of 82 (21 percent) of Alameda whipsnake records 
with reliable slope aspect determination to be on west, north, and 
northwest slopes. Furthermore, 37 of 129 records (29 percent) of 
Alameda whipsnake observations reviewed by Alvarez (2005, p. 22) were 
found outside of vegetation types considered typical habitat for the 
subspecies. Such usage is well beyond incidental occurrence implied by 
the peer reviewer. For this final rule, we have modified the wording 
slightly in the second paragraph of the Habitat section (70 FR 60610, 
see also below), to reflect the submission during the comment periods 
of additional materials.
    The study by Larsen et al. (1991) supports the statement in the 
proposed rule that Alameda whipsnakes are specialists, eating mainly 
lizards (70 FR 60609). The study by McGinnis and Swaim (1992) is 
substantially similar to Swaim (1994); it does indicate that the 
Alameda whipsnake monitored at Moller Ranch spent 9 percent of its time 
on annual grassland (McGinnis and Swaim 1992, pp. 35-42). There is 
insufficient information from that study or Alvarez (2006 in press) to 
conclude that grassland without crevices or rocks is never used. Based 
on the information available on the subspecies, it is our best 
professional opinion that movement through all habitat types must 
occasionally occur in order to conserve this subspecies. Accordingly, 
no change in the final rule is warranted based on either of these 
citations.
    This final rule defines three PCEs, all of which define elements 
considered essential for conservation of the subspecies (see Primary 
Constituent Elements, below). We decided not to base the inclusion of 
annual grassland as critical habitat on prey densities or retreat sites 
for a number of reasons. First, as noted elsewhere in this peer review 
and in studies by Swaim (1994) and Alvarez (2005, 2006 in press), 
Alameda whipsnakes do utilize grassland habitat for foraging, 
dispersal, mate-seeking, and egg-laying activities (see also 
Background, above). These are essential life history functions that do 
not necessarily rely on the presence of lizard prey densities or 
retreat sites. Multiple captures of juvenile Alameda whipsnakes in 
grassy ridges during recent monitoring of the Stonebrae Country Club 
project site suggest that this habitat may provide an important 
dispersal corridor (Swaim 2006, p. 6). Second, lizard prey densities 
can fluctuate within and between seasons, and determination of critical 
habitat on lizard prey densities may lead to inaccurate representations 
of habitat quality based on instantaneous measurement. Third, those 
areas which contain PCE 2 such as grassland, which may be utilized less 
frequently due to absence of PCE 1 or 3, may lack those PCEs due to 
prior scrub clearing. Such

[[Page 58180]]

areas may be subject to special management considerations, which could 
enhance habitat quality and contribute to the conservation of the 
subspecies. Fourth, as already mentioned in the proposed rule, 
designation of these areas minimizes overall fragmentation of critical 
habitat and allows for interaction between population components of the 
subspecies.

Comments Related to Site-Specific Areas

    (7) Comment: One commenter requested that a location in Unit 3 
known as the Stonebrae project (formerly Blue Rock) be removed from the 
designation. The commenter asserted that few Alameda whipsnakes have 
been found there, the site has been graded, and the developed portion 
of the site does not contain the PCEs. The commenter's reasons for 
excluding the site are that a section 7 consultation with the Service 
for this project site has been completed (Service file reference number 
1-1-01-F-0275, dated July 12, 2002); the site is not essential to the 
conservation of the Alameda whipsnake; the site does not require 
special management beyond that addressed in an existing management 
plan; the benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion 
under section 4(b)(2) of the Act and; citing our proposed rule (70 FR 
60607, p 60620), the section 7 consultation constitutes a type of 
formalized agreement that would provide assurances that conservation 
measures for the subspecies will be implemented and effective.
    Our Response: We requested and received additional monitoring 
information from the commenter, which reported that 7 Alameda 
whipsnakes were captured in the immediate vicinity of the site in 2004, 
and 38 whipsnakes were captured in 2005 (Swaim 2006, pp. 1, 4). Only a 
portion of the site is currently graded or will be graded in the 
future. The golf course element of the project as well as the open 
space currently have at least one of the PCEs based on our analysis of 
the site and information in our files.
    However, we confirm that a Biological Opinion has been issued for 
the Stonebrae project. The Service agrees with the commenter that this 
constitutes a formalized relationship with assurances that conservation 
measures for the subspecies will be implemented and effective, because 
implementation of the conservation measures within the project 
description is required under the Biological Opinion. The project area 
in its entirety has been excluded from the final rule. For more 
information, see Application of Section 4(a)(3) and Exclusions Under 
Section 4(b)(2) of the Act section below.
    (8) Comment: In reference to our proposal not to exclude lands in 
Mount Diablo State Park, one commenter explained that several 
management activities, including the removal of livestock, and 
construction and maintenance of fuel breaks, may be causing 
considerable ecological impact, and monitoring of park lands has been 
inadequate. The commenter pointed out the inability of the State Park 
to fulfill directives to protect listed species in accordance with the 
Mount Diablo 1989 General Plan.
    Our Response: In our proposed rule, we solicited information from 
the State as to whether lands within Mount Diablo should be excluded 
from the designation. We did not receive any information from the State 
regarding the designation of critical habitat. We have not excluded 
Mount Diablo State Park from our final designation, because it contains 
the PCE for the species and the area meets our criteria for 
designation.
    (9) Comment: One commenter requested that the eastern boundary of 
Unit 6 be revised to match more specific information in a Biological 
Opinion for a housing development known as Gateway/Montanera (Service 
file reference number 1-1-02-F-0168, dated October 8, 2004). The 
commenter noted that the requested boundary change is based on criteria 
used in the critical habitat designation that was applicable at the 
time of consultation with the Service and, although that critical 
habitat rule was remanded, the methodology for assessing PCEs has not 
changed significantly in the proposed rule.
    Our Response: The discussion of the Conservation Measures in the 
Biological Opinion states that the 973 ac (394 ha) of conservation 
lands are expected to benefit the Alameda whipsnake (p. 43 of 
Biological Opinion) and ``enhance the value of critical habitat on 
these lands.'' Thus, retention of such conservation lands as critical 
habitat is consistent with the Biological Opinion. The commenter's 
proposed boundary revision primarily separates those areas that will be 
impacted as permitted under the Biological Opinion from areas that will 
not be affected and possess the PCEs. These impacts include 
construction of residences, recreational facilities, trails of various 
kinds, grading, and installation of drainage. In the final rule, the 
Service has revised the critical habitat boundary as requested by the 
commenter to remove developed areas or areas planned to be developed.
    (10) Comment: Two commenters supported the proposed exclusion of 
areas covered by the ECCHCP/NCCP for various reasons. One commenter 
indicated that an overlapping critical habitat designation could 
undermine permit streamlining aspects of Habitat Conservation Plans 
(HCP). A second commenter listed the benefits of the conservation 
measures in the ECCHCP/NCCP of habitat preservation, connectivity, 
management and enhancement, mitigation of activities covered by the 
ECCHCP/NCCP, and contributions to recovery of the Alameda whipsnake and 
maintenance of ecosystem functions.
    Our Response: In this final rule, we have excluded lands within the 
ECCHCP/NCCP boundary. For more information, see Application of Section 
4(a)(3) and Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act section below.
    (11) Comment: One commenter compared the critical habitat 
designated in the proposed rule with a previous 2000 rule which was 
remanded by the Court, and stated that the Service has not adequately 
explained or identified why 203,366 ac (82,299 ha) previously 
designated as critical habitat are not included in the currently 
proposed rule. The commenter specifically refers to areas between Units 
5A and 5B, areas adjacent to proposed development in Unit 3, portions 
of Unit 1, and all of an area known as Unit 7 in the remanded 2000 
rule. The commenter concludes the exclusion of these previously 
designated areas to be arbitrary.
    Our Response: The Service did not arbitrarily exclude areas in the 
proposed rule. We examined the area previously designated as Unit 7 for 
the Alameda whipsnake and considered them along with all other 
scientific information and evaluated the areas based on our methods and 
criteria for this designation. The area within the previously know Unit 
7 did not meet the criteria we used to identify critical habitat for 
this designation. We consider the areas and PCEs included within the 
currently identified critical habitat to be sufficient for conservation 
of the subspecies.
    With respect to the area formerly designated as Unit 7 in the 
remanded rule, we concluded that the potential for movement between 
Units 3 and 4 is possible, but so severely limited by existing roadways 
and current land uses that designation of the area between them would 
not result in a high potential for dispersal. The area within the 
formally designated Unit 7 did not meet our criteria for being 
designated as critical habitat and is not essential.

[[Page 58181]]

    As explained above in our responses to similar comments by three 
peer reviewers (see Comments 1 and 5), we consider the areas designated 
in Units 5A and 5B of the proposed rule to contain sufficient PCEs to 
support the behaviors that we have determined to be essential to the 
conservation of the subspecies.
    The boundaries of Units 1 and 3 in the proposed rule were 
determined from features visible in aerial imagery and described in the 
criteria and methods as including one or more of the following: Ground 
disturbance or other included development; proximity to development; 
included structures or roads; proportion of scrub and chaparral; and 
proportion of soils types associated with multiple records of Alameda 
whipsnake. We have re-examined these particular areas, and have 
determined that the boundaries of Units 1 and 3 are consistent with the 
criteria and methods described in the proposed rule. In this final 
rule, we have excluded one area within Unit 3 because it had been 
adequately considered in a previous Biological Opinion (see Comment 7, 
above)
    (12) Comment: One commenter noted that the proposed rule did not 
identify the area or specific locations of habitat proposed for 
exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. The commenter assumes that 
the Service proposes to exclude 42,665 ac (7,058 ha) from Unit 4 that 
are covered by the ECCHCP/NCCP, in addition to the 17,440 ac (7,058 ha) 
of East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD) land that will be excluded.
    The commenter believes that the Service has improperly equated 
protections of critical habitat with those of species listing in its 
exclusion of ECCHCP/NCCP lands. The commenter further states that the 
proposed rule did not state the reasons why EBRPD lands were excluded, 
or identified management activities that may be conducted under federal 
permits or funding that are detrimental to the Alameda whipsnake. 
Finally, the commenter states that the impacts of recreational 
activities, grazing, and roads on EBRPD lands proposed for exclusion 
were not discussed by the Service.
    Our Response: Table 1 of the proposed rule (70 FR 60616) shows the 
distribution by unit of the lands proposed for exclusion. The amount of 
area covered under the ECCHCP/NCCP can be obtained by subtracting the 
local area column in Table 2 from the total area proposed for exclusion 
column in Table 1. The language in the Unit 4 description in the final 
rule has been slightly revised so that it states that EBRPD lands are 
excluded, rather than a portion of such lands. An additional section 
has been provided in the final rule explaining the Service's 
consideration of the incremental protection of designation (see Role of 
Critical Habitat in Actual Practice of Administering and Implementing 
the Act). The proposed rule did include an evaluation and description 
of Federal actions that may destroy or adversely modify habitat, or may 
jeopardize the continued existence of the Alameda whipsnake (70 FR 
60619), which we have revised below (see Effects of Critical Habitat 
Designation). These or other activities could be affected by management 
activity on EBRPD lands. As further discussed in the proposed rule, 
however, we proposed to exclude EBRPD lands based on participation and 
linkage with the ECCHCP/NCCP, and to remove disincentives of such 
participation and linkage where deemed appropriate. For more 
information, see Application of Section 4(a)(3) and Exclusions Under 
Section 4(b)(2) of the Act section below.
    (13) Comment: One commenter noted that his client's property, known 
as Oak Knoll, had been properly excluded from the critical habitat 
designation, and should remain excluded in the final rule because it 
was poor habitat, there were no Alameda whipsnake observations, and 
exclusion of the site would meet the section 4(b)(2) balancing test.
    Our Response: In consideration of the criteria described in the 
proposed rule, the location known as Oak Knoll, a decommissioned 
Federal facility, was not determined to be essential for the 
conservation of the subspecies. We are not aware of any recent 
information that would warrant inclusion of this area as critical 
habitat.
    (14) Comment: One commenter indicated that present information did 
not support designation of a 450 ac (182 ha) property in Unit 2 known 
as Faria Ranch. The commenter represents a client who plans to 
construct a housing development on the property. The commenter asserts 
that Faria Ranch generally lacks PCEs, and Alameda whipsnakes have not 
been found on the site. The comment suggests that EnviroNet (2000) 
surveyed the site and found no Alameda whipsnakes. Further, the 
commenter compared the EBRPD Master Plan to a draft document (Huffman-
Broadway Group 2005) his client intends to submit in the future as part 
of an application for a 404 permit in connection to a section 7 
consultation with the Service (i.e., the draft document was provided 
during the comment period, but consultation with the Service has not 
been initiated). The commenter concludes, based on this comparison, 
that no further mitigation measures are required. The commenter makes 
several further general comments related to methods, which we address 
separately below (see Comments Relating to Criteria and Methods).
    Our Response: Faria Ranch is part of a larger geographic area 
encompassing all of the features known as Las Trampas Ridge. In 
contrast to the suggestion by the commenter that Alameda whipsnakes 
were not found in surveys, we find that EnviroNet (2000, p. 1) states 
that ``No trapping of the whipsnake was conducted.'' EnviroNet (2000, 
p. 5) also concludes that Alameda whipsnakes may use the site for short 
periods of time. Moreover, Faria Ranch is within 2 to 4 mi (3 to 6 km) 
of verified records of Alameda whipsnakes, contains small quantities of 
chaparral and rock outcrops, and is within 1,400 ft (427 meters (m)) of 
much more extensive rock outcrops and chaparral. We requested and 
received from the commenter Appendix 4b of the Huffman-Broadway Group 
(2005) report, which included a more recent 2005 site assessment (Swaim 
2005e). This 2005 site assessment concludes that, due to the extensive 
patches of high-quality scrub and chaparral in such close proximity to 
the site, it is very likely that Alameda whipsnakes do occur on Faria 
Ranch (Swaim 2005e, p. 4). Swaim (2005e, p. 4) notes that while Alameda 
whipsnake surveys were not conducted during this assessment, Faria 
Ranch was likely to support high densities of this subspecies based on 
the habitat quality and connection to other areas with recorded 
sightings of Alameda whipsnakes. In contrast to the conclusion by 
EnviroNet (2000, p. 5) that usage would be short term and infrequent, 
Swaim (2005e, p. 4) suggests that portions of Faria Ranch would be 
included within home ranges of any snakes present in the extensive rock 
outcrops and chaparral just north of Faria Ranch.
    We also examined the materials provided for presence or absence of 
the PCEs. Plate C of EnviroNet (2000) provides definitive photographic 
proof of PCEs 1 and 2 on and immediately adjacent to the site. The 
abundant rock outcrops within 1,400 ft (427 ha) of the site were 
verified by the soil information in our GIS database (Rocky Outcrops--
Xerothants). A professional botanist provided further evidence of 
outcrops within the site itself, stating that shrubby rock outcrops 
were examined in detail on three occasions on Faria Ranch (Huffman-
Broadway Group 2005, p. 16). In addition to the

[[Page 58182]]

small inclusions of chaparral and some animal burrows noted on the site 
by EnviroNet (2000, p. 4), much more chaparral occurs in association 
with the rocky soils close to the site. The mammal survey provided by 
the commenter includes an array of common burrowing mammals that very 
likely burrowed on site (Table 2, Attachment 2 in Huffman-Broadway 
Group 2005). The rock outcrops and burrows demonstrate the presence of 
PCE 3 on the site, which is used by the Alameda whipsnake for shelter, 
hibernacula (wintering shelter), foraging, dispersal, and additional 
prey population support functions.
    In the proposed rule, we discussed the need for special management 
considerations to address inappropriate grazing practices. EnviroNet 
(2000, p. 4) identifies grazing as a factor on Faria Ranch that has 
favored invasive exotic species. Special management considerations may 
be needed to manage various effects of grazing or rangeland management 
practices on habitat for Alameda whipsnake, as discussed above 
(Threats), and below in our response to Comment 28. In conclusion, the 
best scientific data indicate that Faria Ranch contains all of the PCEs 
and may require special management. The geographic feature of Las 
Trampas Ridge, which includes Faria Ranch, is occupied by Alameda 
whipsnake. The proximity of observations of Alameda whipsnakes to Faria 
Ranch are well within the dispersal capabilities of the Alameda 
whipsnake, and the habitat is of sufficiently high quality under the 
criteria we have described in the proposed rule to warrant designation. 
Further, the section 7 consultation process has not been initiated, so 
the site cannot be considered for exclusion or removal on that basis. 
For these reasons, Faria Ranch is included in the designated critical 
habitat in the final rule.
    (15) Comment: One commenter points out that the description of Unit 
5A does not include PCE 3, and does not see how Unit 5A can be critical 
habitat if it is devoid of one of the PCE's.
    Our Response: It is not necessary that habitat contain all of the 
PCEs to be designated critical habitat; only sufficient PCEs necessary 
to support one of the life history functions of the species is 
necessary. However, the Unit 5A description in the final rule has been 
amended to make clear that it does contain an abundance of rock bearing 
soils such as rock land, Vallecitos rocky loam, and other types, 
indicating the presence of PCE 3 (talus).

Comments Relating to Criteria and Methods

    (16) Comment: One commenter stated that the proposed rule is 
inadequate because it does not include any unoccupied habitat. The 
commenter states that unoccupied habitat is necessary to the survival 
and recovery of the subspecies. The commenter makes reference to our 
discussion about habitat loss and fragmentation in the remanded October 
3, 2000, final critical habitat rule (65 FR 58933). The commenter 
suggests that the Service has also excluded habitat that currently 
lacks PCEs but could be restored to provide PCEs and aid in the 
recovery of the subspecies. Additionally, the commenter notes that the 
Service did not include any type of buffer habitat.
    Our Response: The criteria and methods in the proposed and this 
final rule have been significantly revised from the remanded final 
critical habitat rule (65 FR 58933) as it pertains to occupancy. 
Habitat determined to be occupied included the habitat between recorded 
observations within the capable and necessary range of movement, with 
relatively high quality habitat for the Alameda whipsnake, presence of 
the PCEs, and other factors (see Methods section and Criteria Used to 
Identify Critical Habitat, below). Additionally, one of the peer 
reviewers concurred with our methodology due to extensive trapping 
surveys in those areas we have designated and where Alameda whipsnakes 
have been found. Habitat occupied by the subspecies extends beyond the 
precise point of collection or observation of known Alameda whipsnake 
sightings, because the snakes have the ability and necessity to move 
and disperse to locations outside these areas, and because the known 
records are only a fraction of the actual population of Alameda 
whipsnakes. Furthermore, although the commenter is correct in that we 
have not designated habitat that does not contain the PCEs but may be 
restorable, we have concluded that designating such habitat is not 
essential for conservation of the subspecies. We have determined that 
we designated sufficient habitat for the conservation of the 
subspecies.
    (17) Comment: One commenter stated that there was no method for 
determining how or when Act protections were no longer needed and that 
this violates the Act as interpreted by the Court.
    Our Response: The language in the May 9, 2003, Court decision to 
which the commenter is referring relates to the issue of identification 
of PCEs. The final rule identifies, enumerates, and discusses those 
PCEs the Service considers essential to the conservation of the 
subspecies and directly relates those PCEs to the specific areas being 
designated and to our implementing regulation found at 50CFR 424.12. 
The final rule is, therefore, in full compliance with the Act as 
interpreted by the Court decision. Additionally, the process for 
determining when the protections of the Act are no longer needed is 
part of the Recovery planning and delisting process and not part of 
critical habitat designation.
    (18) Comment: One commenter states that the proposed rule has 
deficiencies similar to the remanded rule because it relies on 
exclusion criteria that result in what the commenter terms ``deferral 
and overdesignation'' problems.
    Our Response: The language in the May 9, 2003, Court decision to 
which the commenter is referring relates to a finding, as a matter of 
law, that the Service's dependence in the remanded rule on exclusion 
criteria is unwarranted because the remanded rule excluded only 
features and structures, not the land on which they are located. The 
proposed rule, as noted by the commenter, does exclude the land which 
contains buildings, paved areas, and other structures. We have, 
therefore, not designated this land as critical habitat, and we 
consider the proposed rule in compliance with the Act as interpreted by 
the Court decision. Minor editing of the language is included in this 
final rule.
    (19) Comment: One commenter stated that while the PCEs described in 
the proposed rule are those known to be associated with Alameda 
whipsnake, no attempt was made in the proposed rule to discern which 
features or settings are truly essential to the subspecies' 
conservation. The commenter states that the May 9, 2003, Court decision 
requires the Service to do more than identifying habitat features to be 
associated with the subspecies. The commenter claims that all areas 
within each unit that contain PCEs were designated because the proposed 
rule did not state a quantity for patch dimension or minimum amount.
    Our Response: The PCEs described in the proposed rule were not 
selected based on mere association with Alameda whipsnake observations 
or records. The proposed rule includes a detailed description of the 
PCEs, states that they are essential, describes the relationship of 
each PCE to critical and essential life history processes of the 
Alameda whipsnake, and provides support of the selection of the PCEs 
with the best available scientific

[[Page 58183]]

information. This information indicates that a range of patch sizes, 
from very small to large patches, is known to support Alameda whipsnake 
(Swaim 2004, p. 1). In the proposed rule, the Service did not specify a 
patch size or minimum amount of chaparral habitat as a criterion for 
designating critical habitat. The PCEs describe the features essential 
for the Alameda whipsnake and no changes were made in this final rule. 
For additional information, see Criteria Used to Identify Critical 
Habitat, below.
    (20) Comment: One commenter considered the description of the PCEs 
to be overly broad and not in compliance with the May 9, 2003, Court 
decision. The commenter concludes that the formulation of the PCEs in 
the proposed rule provide no guidance for determining the areas that 
are essential to the conservation of the subspecies, because all 
undeveloped areas of the East Bay would possess the PCEs.
    Our Response: The proposed rule includes a detailed description of 
the PCEs and a rationale for why they are essential, describes the 
relationship of each PCE to critical and essential life history 
processes of the Alameda whipsnake, and provides support for the 
selection of the PCEs with the best available scientific information. 
In addition to the PCE descriptions, the proposed rule includes 
additional detailed discussion of the methods and criteria used to 
designate critical habitat. As a result of applying these methods and 
criteria, we have designated sufficient areas containing essential PCEs 
to provide for the life history functions of the subspecies and ensure 
its conservation. These areas are substantially less than all such 
areas in the East Bay that contain PCEs. The Service considers the 
methods and criteria in the proposed rule to be in full compliance with 
the May 9, 2003 Court decision. No change in the description of the 
PCEs, methods, or criteria is warranted in the final rule.
    (21) Comment: One commenter stated that adjacent habitats are 
frequently used and may be critical in their own right. The commenter 
included two peer-reviewed publications supporting his comment (Alvarez 
2005, 2006 in press).
    Our Response: The Service reached this same conclusion in the 
proposed rule (70 FR 60610, ``Habitat''). The references were reviewed 
and found to provide further support for this conclusion as well as for 
Alameda whipsnake mobility. Therefore, this additional information was 
added to the revised sections on Habitat, and Dispersal Habitat, below. 
See also our response to a peer reviewer, above (Comment 6).

Comments Relating to Adequacy of Notice

    (22) Comment: One comment stated that the maps provided in the 
proposed rule were inadequate because they lacked scale and identifying 
features to enable the public to determine what land had been excluded, 
and did not allow the public to determine the differences between areas 
designated in the proposed rule compared to the previous rule remanded 
by Court decision on May 9, 2003.
    Our Response: The Service considers the maps in the proposed rule 
to be adequate for comment. The Service also provided a full legal 
description of all designated areas in the proposed rule. As indicated 
in the summary of the proposed rule, all supporting documents used in 
preparation were available for public inspection. The commenter did not 
request to examine these records. The GIS shapefiles were provided to 
anyone making a request for such information. The Service was not under 
a statutory or Court requirement to compare and explain differences 
between the remanded rule and the proposed rule published on October 
18, 2005. Because the previous critical habitat designation was vacated 
by the Court, this designation is based on the best scientific 
information currently available and stands alone for evaluation and 
review.
    (23) Comment: One commenter contends that the proposed rule fails 
to specify the PCEs, and that its designation of broad areas not 
presently occupied by the Alameda whipsnake constitutes a failure to 
provide adequate public notice.
    Our Response: We specified the PCEs in the proposed rule and did 
not designate areas unoccupied by the Alameda whipsnake (see response 
to Comment 16). The proposed designation was limited to those areas 
containing high quality habitat for the Alameda whipsnake as outlined 
in the Criteria Used to Identify Critical Habitat section of the 
proposed rule. We also specifically noticed all appropriate Federal, 
State, and County government officials, agencies, representatives, and 
the public through direct mailing, local media news releases, Web site 
posting, and newspaper notice. Accordingly, the notice of publication 
of the proposed rule is adequate.

Comments Relating to General Issues of Development Interests

    (24) Comment: One commenter requested clarity on several aspects of 
the development process by the City of Pleasanton, under several 
possible scenarios, namely: (a) Is destruction of Alameda whipsnake 
critical habitat considered ``take'' when no Federal permit or action 
is required? (b) What type of protection is conferred by critical 
habitat designation when a Section 7 permit is not required? (c) Does a 
single home development on infill within a critical habitat area 
require an HCP? (d) Is there a mechanism for the Service to remove 
inappropriately designated properties? The comment noted that the 
position of Dublin on Figures 3 and 5 of the proposed rule should be 
north of Interstate Highway 580.
    Our Response: For information relating to questions (a) and (b) 
please see Effects of Critical Habitat Designation, below. A Federal 
nexus is required to implement the protections of critical habitat 
designation. In response to question (c), the Service notes that the 
commenter does not specify a particular location; therefore we can not 
provide a specific response to this question. In designating critical 
habitat, we avoided areas which included fragmented habitat. As a 
result there are no areas which would be considered as ``infill'' as 
described by the commenter. Also, in designating the critical habitat 
for this species, we did not include small areas embedded within urban 
areas and to the best of our ability did not include developed areas 
within the designation. Any such developed areas remaining within the 
designation would not contain the PCEs and thus not be considered 
critical habitat. As for question (d), the primary mechanism for 
removal of areas that do not contain the PCEs is through the comment 
period that preceded publication of this final rule. The Service notes 
that the commenter did not specify any particular location. However, 
the Service has extensively reviewed all available information, 
published a proposed critical habitat, and modified the proposed 
designation in this final rule as appropriate in response to comments. 
Figures 3 and 5 of the proposed rule do not indicate the position of 
Dublin.
    If a Federal activity or other activity with a Federal nexus within 
designated critical habitat is contemplated, consultation would be 
required and Section 7 authorization obtained for any adverse 
modification of critical habitat. Habitat conditions at the site of the 
action would be considered during this consultation. For additional or 
more site-specific information, please contact the Service's Sacramento 
Field Office (see ADDRESSES).

[[Page 58184]]

    (25) Comment: One commenter suggested that the language describing 
activities that destroy or adversely modify critical habitat should be 
revised to include actions that degrade chaparral scrub or oak 
woodland, rather than actions that alter and degrade such habitat.
    Our Response: The language in the final rule has been modified in 
response to this comment to indicate that activities that destroy or 
adversely modify critical habitat are those that degrade such habitat 
(see Effects of Critical Habitat Designation, Adverse Modification 
Standard, below).

Comments From Other Federal Agencies

    (26) Comment: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) 
provided information showing that a portion of Department of Energy 
(DOE) lands designated as critical habitat within Unit 5A had been 
burned, and mentioned a number of ongoing activities it expects to 
continue that have already completed consultation with the Service. 
Finally, LLNL requested that language in the final rule be amended to 
mention the initiatives and efforts undertaken as conservation measures 
in its Site 300, which includes the designated critical habitat, to 
protect the Alameda whipsnake and associated coastal scrub habitat.
    Our Response: We verified with the LLNL that the comments with 
respect to fire and ongoing activities were provided to us as 
informational only, and that LLNL is not requesting that its lands be 
excluded from the designation. We acknowledge the conservation measures 
mentioned in the comment. In this final rule, we have decided not to 
exclude DOE lands, and have removed the language stating that the 
Service is unaware of specific management plans or conservation 
measures being undertaken for the Alameda whipsnake or its PCEs at 
LLNL.

Comments From the State

    (27) Comment: The University of California Regents indicated that 
Table 2 of the proposed rule should reflect ownership of 720 ac (291 
ha) acres in Unit 6 and 15 ac (6 ha) in Unit 1 by the University of 
California Regents.
    Our Response: In the final rule, the unit descriptions and Table 2 
were modified to show 720 ac (291 ha) and 15 ac (6 ha) in Units 6 and 
1, respectively, owned by the State of California, and deducted these 
areas from private ownership.
    (28) Comment: The University of California Regents suggested that 
the language in the proposed rule relating to special management 
considerations in Unit 6 is problematic for the University of 
California and local residents due to traffic flow and emergency access 
issues, and that any recommendation to reduce existing, or limit 
additional roads should be removed from the final designation.
    Our Response: Unit 6 is essential to the conservation of the 
subspecies not only as occupied habitat, but also as a connectivity 
corridor for Alameda whipsnake movement between Units 1 and 2. The 
limited area and width of this unit render its functioning as a 
migration corridor particularly sensitive to the existing or additional 
roads. Accordingly, we believe that special management consideration 
may be needed to avoid adversely modifying this habitat. It is not our 
intent in this rule to determine what site-specific management measures 
would be needed within portions of Unit 6. Subsequent consultation 
would be needed to determine what, if any, specific management may be 
needed.
    (29) Comment: The University of California Regents requested that 
State lands managed by the University of California Fire Fuel Reduction 
Programs should be excluded from the critical habitat designation. They 
contend that measures described in the 2020 Long Range Development Plan 
(2020 LRDP) are equivalent to those in a habitat conservation plan, and 
are sufficiently protective of endangered species. The commenter 
detailed some of the mitigation measures and practices in the LRDP. The 
commenter also expressed concern about what consultation burden would 
be required under sections 9 and 10 of the Act due to designation.
    Our Response: When we consider exclusions under section 4(b)(2) of 
the Act, we determine whether the benefits of exclusion outweigh the 
benefits of including the land in a designation. That determination may 
include an evaluation of any existing management plans. When evaluating 
the 2020 LRDP to determine its adequacy in protecting habitat, we 
initially considered whether the plan, as a whole, will provide a level 
of protection similar to that which designation of critical habitat 
would provide. Although much of the land is designated in the 2020 LRDP 
as an Ecological Study Area (ESA), the potential for development is not 
ruled out. For example, the 2020 LRDP (p. 3.1-56) states that faculty 
housing or a campus retreat center are feasible campus uses of 
Chaparral Hill or Claremont Canyon. Even though the document states 
that other options should be fully explored, it clearly anticipates the 
potential for this type of urban development. We conclude that the 
subject area is occupied by Alameda whipsnake and contains all of the 
PCEs. However, the plan does not provide a reasonable expectation of 
protection of the Alameda whipsnake or its habitat into the foreseeable 
future, and therefore does not warrant exclusion under section 4(b)(2) 
of the Act. The subject area remains designated as critical habitat in 
the final rule.
    (30) Comment: The University of California Cooperative Extension 
discussed potential benefits of grazing to the Alameda whipsnake, and 
expressed a concern that the mention of it as a threat may lead to a 
general determination that grazing is incompatible. The commenter 
requested that evidence of incompatible grazing practices be 
specifically listed. The commenter states that the type of special 
management of grazing in the unit descriptions could be interpreted as 
meaning grazing should be required, given the benefits listed by the 
commenter.
    In relation to special management considerations or protections, 
the University of California Cooperative Extension suggested that 
grazing be used instead of prescribed fire because the fuel load is 
undesirable for prescribed fires and may result in a wildfire.
    Our Response: The Service discussed the threat of incompatible 
grazing practices in more detail in our 1997 final listing rule (65 FR 
64306, p 64314). Review of that discussion and McGinnis (1992, p. 21) 
indicates that overgrazing, or clearing of shrub associated with 
preparation of lands for grazing, may threaten the Alameda whipsnake. 
Alameda whipsnakes may avoid open areas created by overgrazing, or may 
be more susceptible to predators if they use these areas. Scrub 
vegetation (PCE 1) may be lost through either overgrazing or associated 
range management in which scrub is burned or bulldozed to maximize 
grassland. We do not agree that mere mention in the unit descriptions 
of grazing as a special management consideration means that it is 
required. We have added a brief summary of threats and special 
management as applied to grazing to the final rule.
    The proposed rule does not preclude the use of grazing as a 
management practice for the reasons stated by the commenter. Indigenous 
chaparral scrub species that constitute PCE 1, including the federally 
listed pallid manzanita (Arctostaphylos pallida), require fire to 
create proper site conditions and for seed germination. Thus, the use 
of prescribed burning may be appropriate in some situations and the 
discussion of

[[Page 58185]]

its potential use has been retained in the final rule.

Comments Relating to the Draft Economic Analysis

    (31) Comment: One comment noted that the Faria Ranch project spans 
two Census Tracts (345201 and 345202) and that by estimating impacts on 
a census tract basis, the total impacts of critical habitat on the 
project are diluted. The comment also suggests that the projected 
number of housing units reported in the Draft Economic Analysis (DEA) 
under-predicts development in Census Tract 345201.
    Our Response: Census Tracts are a standard unit of analysis used in 
economic and policy studies. Nonetheless, cases may arise where Census 
Tract boundaries will not conform to actual development projects. In 
these cases, we have, in previous analyses, aggregated Census Tracts to 
fit planned developments. In the final economic analysis (FEA), Census 
Tracts 345201 and 345202 are aggregated to account for the fact that 
the Faria Project spans these two tracts, (see Exhibits IV-I through 
IV-4 and Figure 2 of the FEA). Merging the development projections for 
these two tracts addresses the concern that impacts are underestimated 
in Census Tract 345201.
    (32) Comment: One comment states that the actual reduction in 
development resulting from designation of critical habitat in the Faria 
Project (located in Census Tracts 345201 and 345202) could be greater 
than the 5.4 percent reduction assumed in the DEA. The comment states 
that the DEA should consider a development scenario where up to 15 
percent of proposed housing units are lost.
    Our Response: The assumption, referred to in this comment, of a 5.4 
percent reduction in housing units for projects developed in proposed 
critical habitat is applied in the first development scenario (i.e., 
the rationing scenario) analyzed in Section IV, pages 27 to 30. We 
derived this assumption from the best available information of the 
likely avoidance and mitigation requirements for the whipsnake by 
reviewing historical section 7 consultations and resulting biological 
opinions for similar development projects. If the Service requests more 
stringent habitat avoidance, resulting in a greater loss of units than 
the average demonstrated in the documented consultation history for 
projects of this type, the impacts of critical habitat designation will 
be higher than estimated in the FEA.
    (33) Comment: One comment states that the DEA should evaluate a 
scenario for the Faria Project (located in Census Tracts 345201 and 
345202) where the critical habitat designation adds to current 
regulatory, political, and economic conditions and results in the 
cancellation of the project in its entirety. The Faria Project is a 
mixed-unit housing development that includes high-value homes and 
affordable housing units. As a result, the high-value single homes are 
being used to subsidize the majority of the public infrastructure 
costs. The comment states that reducing the unit count would likely 
remove a disproportionately greater number of the higher-value single-
family units, which could result in the project becoming economically 
infeasible.
    Our Response: With respect to project cancellation, we note that 
the conservation requirements reflected in the biological opinions 
would not, as a general rule, result in projects becoming unprofitable. 
Section IV, pages 27 to 28, and Appendices A and B of the FEA describe 
the underlying conditions in the Bay Area housing markets and note that 
because the supply of new housing is so constrained, there is 
significant producer surplus accruing to projects that are ultimately 
completed. In such an environment, burdensome conservation requirements 
can reduce producer surplus without causing the project to become 
unprofitable. Indeed, this is one reason for the relatively high price 
of mitigation lands in California.
    (34) Comment: The comment states that compensation for lost units 
at the Faria Project will likely require development outside the City's 
``Urban Growth Boundary'' (UGB). The UGB is the result of an initiative 
passed by the voters to protect open space and prohibits residential 
development beyond the City's UGB for at least 20 years. Consequently, 
the DEA fails to include the costs of relaxing these UGB restrictions 
or delaying housing development for 20 years.
    Our Response: For the reasons described above, expansion beyond the 
UGB is likely to be difficult. In the DEA, we assume that relaxing the 
UGB is unlikely, and therefore we do not estimate costs associated with 
such action. The costs to society of staying within the UGB are 
estimated in the first development scenario (i.e., the rationing 
scenario). These costs are greater than a scenario where units are 
delayed by 20 years rather than lost entirely.
    (35) Comment: One comment states that the densification scenario is 
not likely at the Faria Project (located in Census Tracts 345201 and 
345202), because the project is already at the maximum densities 
allowed under existing land use plans and regulations.
    Our Response: The scenario referred to in this comment is described 
in Section IV, pages 27 to 30. This scenario assumes that efforts to 
protect the Alameda whipsnake and its habitat are accommodated entirely 
by building housing units at higher density levels than allowed by 
current zoning regulations (i.e., no housing units are lost). To 
develop this scenario, we first used empirical data to test for 
conditions that might lead to re-zoning. As described on page 28, the 
FEA examined data on newly constructed homes in three of the five study 
regions to determine whether the market for new housing is constrained 
primarily by the availability of land or by prior land-use regulations. 
The results of this analysis, described in detail in Appendix A, 
strongly indicates that the number of new homes in the regions of 
California containing Alameda whipsnake critical habitat is constrained 
by prior regulation. The implication of these results is that the final 
impact of critical habitat depends on how local governments respond to 
the designation, which can vary from city to city. In order to capture 
the dynamic response of various cities, the EA utilizes two scenarios: 
One in which the local government changes local land regulations due to 
critical habitat and one scenario where local government does not 
change local land regulations. Thus, for projects located in cities 
where the local government does not change land regulations (e.g., the 
Faria Project described in the comment), the more likely scenario is a 
reduction in housing units developed due to critical habitat (i.e., the 
first scenario, or the rationing scenario).
    (36) Comment: One comment states that the densification scenario 
does not address the issue of added project costs when a lesser portion 
of the project site is used. Specifically, densification of the Faria 
Project would increase site improvement costs by up to $40,000,000 for 
materials hauling and other expenses.
    Our Response: The DEA does estimate costs associated with the 
densification scenario. The cost estimates were based on the 
information received and gathered prior to and after the opening of the 
public comment period. We agree that additional costs may be incurred; 
however, based on our analysis of the economic information we do not 
believe that there are any disproportionate economic impacts that 
warrant exclusion pursuant to section 4(b)(2) of the Act at this time.

[[Page 58186]]

    (37) Comment: One comment stated that the EA fails to account for 
significant public benefits that would result from completion of the 
Faria Ranch project, including protection of public open space, 
educational facilities, and a trail system.
    Our Response: The economic analysis estimates the impacts of 
whipsnake conservation efforts relative to the state of the world 
absent those efforts. Absent conservation efforts, the Faria Project 
provides the public benefits described in the comment. Under the 
assumptions in the economic analysis, the development continues, with a 
reduction in the number of housing units. As a result, the public 
benefits described in the comment are also provided if Alameda 
whipsnake conservation efforts are undertaken. Therefore, the benefits 
of development referred to in the comment, while real, are the net of 
the economic welfare calculation measured in the economic analysis.
    (38) Comment: A public comment noted the Faria Project site is 
already subject to a number of additional open space requirements, such 
as the protection of sensitive ridgelines, the presence of site 
stability problems on certain portions of the site, the need to site 
water tanks at higher elevations, and the requirement to achieve a 
balanced grading plan. These requirements have already been 
incorporated into the Faria Project design and adding critical habitat 
avoidance requirements will further constrain the project's ability to 
adhere to these requirements in a cost-effective manner. For example, 
the comment estimates that if whipsnake conservation leads to an 
unbalanced grading plan, additional costs of off-hauling or importing 
soil would be in excess of $30 million.
    Our Response: The measures identified by the commenter are not a 
result of conservation measures being implemented for the Alameda 
whipsnake and were not cost associated with the designation. The 
economic analysis only identified potential costs associated with 
critical habitat. The costs identified by the commenter are part of the 
cost of doing business for the development industry.
    (39) Comment: One comment stated that the EA fails to account for 
the potential ``signaling'' effects of critical habitat designation on 
other regulatory processes, such as those undertaken under the 
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Any indication that 
federally-protected amenities are present on a property may raise a 
flag about negative environmental impacts and lead a local agency to 
take a more conservative perspective on the development project.
    Our Response: Because of the fully co-extensive approach taken, the 
FEA assumes that all future development in critical habitat will 
require mitigation, regardless of whether a Federal nexus or some other 
mechanism (e.g., a signal to local officials that the land has 
ecological value with protection implemented through CEQA) requires the 
action. As a result, the impact estimates summarized in Table I-1 of 
the FEA incorporate signaling effects.
    (40) Comment: The DEA considers the economic effects of regulatory 
delay, but one comment states that the assumed 6 month regulatory delay 
resulting from whipsnake conservation requirements is an underestimate.
    Our Response: The FEA discusses its calculation of delay costs in 
Section IV, page 31. We assume a delay period of 6 months based on 
average permitting times revealed by the relevant biological opinions. 
Actual delay costs to development activities may be higher or lower if 
actual delay periods are longer or shorter than 6 months.
    (41) Comment: One comment noted that the DEA fails to account 
adequately for the effects of the Gifford Pinchot decision.
    Our Response: Avoidance and mitigation requirements and mitigations 
costs used in the DEA were based on interviews with those familiar with 
the permitting process, as well as a comprehensive examination of the 
Service's consultation history. The DEA also assumes that avoidance and 
mitigation take place within the boundaries of proposed critical 
habitat. The Ninth Circuit has recently ruled (Gifford Pinchot, 378 
F.3d at 1071) that the Service's regulations defining ``adverse 
modification'' of critical habitat are invalid. As a result, there is 
some uncertainty involved in considering the costs due to the fact that 
the consequences of designation are more difficult to predict as the 
Service cannot rely on decades of factual information based on prior 
experience.
    (42) Comment: One comment stated that the DEA underestimates 
mitigation costs (i.e., the purchase of credits from a mitigation bank) 
and suggests that these can run to $300,000 per mitigation acre.
    Our Response: As noted in several places in Section IV of the 
analysis, the cost assumptions underlying the analysis are based on 
information provided by individuals involved in securing mitigation and 
are representative of current market conditions. The FEA uses market 
data collected from several private conservation banks in the Bay Area 
and central California regions to determine off-site mitigation prices 
by county (see Section IV, page 29). The FEA further recognizes that 
increased prices for mitigation lands will increase the economic 
impacts associated with critical habitat designation (see Section IV, 
page 29).
    (43) Comment: With reference to the small business analysis in the 
DEA, one comment noted that Claremont Homes is a small business. 
Another comment stated that the DEA should consider effects on 
subcontractors, who are more likely than developers to be small 
businesses, impacted by a reduction in the number of housing units 
constructed.
    Our Response: Because the economic analysis is probabilistic in 
nature, we are unable to identify the specific developers undertaking 
projects in proposed critical habitat in the next 20 years. However, 
the FEA estimates that three small developers are likely to be affected 
by whipsnake conservation efforts in proposed critical habitat in 
Contra Costa County (see Table VII-3 of the FEA). Assuming that 
Claremont Homes is defined as a ``developer'' and qualifies as a small 
business under 13 CFR 121.201, this organization likely accounts for 
one of the small firms identified in this table. We agree that some 
subcontractors to developers may meet the definition of a small 
business under the Regulatory Flexibility Act and may be affected by 
the impacts to development activities from critical habitat 
designation. However, these subcontractors are indirectly affected by 
whipsnake conservation efforts that directly affect the project 
proponent (i.e., the developer) and, therefore, are beyond the scope of 
a Regulatory Flexibility Act analysis.
    (44) Comment: One comment stated that under the scenario where 
housing units are lost in the Faria Project, the City of San Ramon will 
lose annual general revenue funds of approximately $121,000. This sum 
represents annual property taxes, sales and use taxes, transfer taxes, 
franchise fees, and vehicle license fees net of costs related to 
providing police services, public works and parks, and community 
service expenditures.
    Our Response: We agree that a net loss of $121,000 to the City of 
San Ramon is possible. This loss represents a distributional impact 
affecting this specific area, as opposed to a social welfare effect; 
however, based on our analysis of the economic information we do not 
believe that there are any disproportionate economic impacts that

[[Page 58187]]

warrant exclusion pursuant to section 4(b)(2) of the Act at this time.
    (45) Comment: One comment noted that the benefits of critical 
habitat designation are not quantified.
    Our Response: Section 4(b)(2) of the Act requires the Secretary to 
designate critical habitat based on the best scientific data available 
after taking into consideration the economic impact, impact on national 
security, and any other relevant impact, of specifying any particular 
area as critical habitat. The Service's approach for estimating 
economic impacts includes both economic efficiency and distributional 
effects. The measurement of economic efficiency is based on the concept 
of opportunity costs, which reflect the value of goods and services 
foregone in order to comply with the effects of the designation (e.g., 
lost economic opportunity associated with restrictions on land use). 
Where data are available, the economic analyses do attempt to measure 
the net economic impact. However, no data was found that would allow 
for the measurement of such an impact, nor was such information 
submitted during the public comment period.
    While the Secretary must consider economic and other relevant 
impacts as part of the final decision-making process under section 
4(b)(2) of the Act, the Act explicitly states that it is the 
government's policy to conserve all threatened and endangered species 
and the ecosystems upon which they depend. Thus, we believe that 
explicit consideration of broader social values for the subspecies and 
its habitat, beyond the more traditionally defined economic impacts, is 
not necessary as Congress has already clarified the social importance.
    We note, as a practical matter, it is difficult to develop credible 
estimates of such values, as they are not readily observed through 
typical market transactions and can only be inferred through advanced, 
tailor-made studies that are time consuming and expensive to conduct. 
We currently lack both the budget and time needed to conduct such 
research before meeting our court-ordered final rule deadline. In 
summary, we believe that society places significant value on conserving 
any and all threatened and endangered species and the habitats upon 
which they depend and thus needs only to consider whether the economic 
impacts (both positive and negative) are significant enough to merit 
exclusion of any particular area without causing the species to go 
extinct.
    (46) Comment: One comment asserted that delay costs need to include 
relevant returns to alternative investments.
    Our Response: The delay costs calculated in the report result from 
capital being committed to fixed assets for a longer period than would 
be the case absent the whipsnake conservation requirements. For 
example, if capital is committed to maintaining a position in an option 
to purchase land, then this is a loss to the developer. In such a 
situation, there is no direct return on the option payment, and delay 
costs are measured accurately by the method of the FEA.
    (47) Comment: One comment stated that the DEA relies too heavily on 
the Association of Bay Area Government (ABAG) projections that do not 
always take into account local development policies and regulations. 
For example, portions of Census Tract 450601 in Unit 3 are subject to 
Measure F, passed by the City of Pleasanton in 1993, which restricts 
density to 1 unit per 100 ac (40 ha). The comment states that because 
development is carried out subject to General Plan policies and other 
local regulations, the resulting development projections for this 
Census Tract are overstated.
    Our Response: The projections produced by ABAG represent the best 
publicly-available data for this analysis. The entire area in question 
in Unit 3 is not subject to Measure F. In addition, this type of 
restriction is regularly modified through public process. However, if 
these data overstate development projections in the referenced Census 
Tract, then the impacts estimated in the FEA for this tract are 
overstated.
    (48) Comment: One comment states that if the Faria Preserve is not 
developed, the Faria Ranch will continue to be grazed. As a result, the 
DEA should consider the environmental or social impact of alternative 
scenarios of leaving the Faria Project (within Census Tracts 345201 and 
345202) in grazing uses.
    Our Response: For the reasons discussed previously, the analysis 
assumes that the Faria project will go forward, either in its current 
form if no Alameda whipsnake conservation efforts are undertaken, or 
with some reduction in housing units if whipsnake concerns are 
addressed. Therefore, the economic impact of abandoning the development 
and maintaining current grazing practices is not relevant to the 
decision at hand.
    (49) Comment: One comment states that the DEA should factor in the 
costs of the critical habitat designation to the City of San Ramon 
associated with public amenities, such as affordable housing, senior 
housing, and inefficiencies resulting from the repeating local 
regulatory processes that have been previously approved by voters.
    Our Response: We agree that impacts to the City associated with 
various public amenities, including affordable housing and repeating 
local regulatory processes, are a possibility. However, no additional 
information has become available since the publication of the DEA that 
would allow us to quantify or monetize marginal effects of fewer 
affordable housing units or senior housing units resulting from Alameda 
whipsnake conservation efforts. In addition, no data exist to value 
inefficiencies created by additional regulatory process related to the 
whipsnake.
    (50) Comment: One comment states that the economic analysis should 
consider the opportunity costs to the developer of undertaking the 
Faria Project. The developer estimates that the cost of foregone 
opportunity if the project does not go forward because of Alameda 
whipsnake conservation costs is approximately equal to the value of the 
project ($619,850,000).
    Our Response: As discussed above, the most likely scenario is that 
the project will move forward with a reduction in the number of housing 
units. We recognize the significant investment made by the developer of 
this project; however, based on our analysis of the economic 
information we do not believe that there are any disproportionate 
economic impacts that warrant exclusion pursuant to section 4(b)(2) of 
the Act at this time.

Summary of Changes From Proposed Rule

    In preparing the final critical habitat designation for the Alameda 
whipsnake, we reviewed and considered comments from the public on the 
proposed designation published on October 18, 2005 (70 FR 60607). We 
published a notice in the Federal Register on May 4, 2006 (71 FR 26311) 
announcing the availability of and soliciting comments on the DEA and 
the proposed rule. As a result of peer review and public comments 
received on the proposal and the DEA, we made changes to our proposed 
designation, as follows:
    (1) We removed from the designation several isolated or small 
fragments of eucalyptus vegetation in Unit 6 that we determined did not 
sufficiently meet our criteria for designation and were not essential 
to the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake. We also removed 350 ac 
(142 ha) from Unit 6, which we

[[Page 58188]]

determined did not sufficiently meet our criteria for designation, and 
which had been addressed in a consultation under section 7 of the Act.
    (2) We adjusted the boundaries of Units 2 and 6 to remove several 
areas dominated by eucalyptus trees that we do not consider to provide 
essential habitat and features for the subspecies, and to remove one 
area that was included in the proposed rule due to mapping error.
    (3) Collectively, we excluded a total of approximately 46,998 ac 
(19,020 ha) of land from the proposed designation during the 
development of this final critical habitat designation (Table 1). For a 
detailed discussion of all exclusions and exemptions, please refer to 
Application of Section 4(a)(3) and Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of 
the Act below.

Critical Habitat

    Critical habitat is defined in section 3 of the Act as--(i) the 
specific areas within the geographical area occupied by a species, at 
the time it is listed in accordance with the Act, on which are found 
those physical or biological features (I) essential to the conservation 
of the species and (II) that may require special management 
considerations or protection; and (ii) specific areas outside the 
geographical area occupied by a species at the time it is listed, upon 
a determination that such areas are essential for the conservation of 
the species. ``Conservation,'' as defined under section 3 of the Act, 
means to use and the use of all methods and procedures that are 
necessary to bring any endangered species or threatened species to the 
point at which the measures provided pursuant to the Act are no longer 
necessary. Such methods and procedures include, but are not limited to, 
all activities associated with scientific resources management, such as 
research, census, law enforcement, habitat acquisition and maintenance, 
propagation, live trapping, and transplantation, and, in the 
extraordinary case where population pressures within a given ecosystem 
cannot be otherwise relieved, may include regulated taking.
    Critical habitat receives protection under section 7 of the Act 
through the prohibition against destruction or adverse modification of 
critical habitat with regard to actions carried out, funded, or 
authorized by a Federal agency. Section 7 requires consultation on 
Federal actions that are likely to result in the destruction or adverse 
modification of critical habitat. The designation of critical habitat 
does not affect land ownership or establish a refuge, wilderness, 
reserve, preserve, or other conservation area. Such designation does 
not allow government or public access to private lands. Section 7 is a 
purely protective measure and does not require implementation of 
restoration, recovery, or enhancement measures.
    To be included in a critical habitat designation, the habitat 
within the area occupied by the species at the time of listing must 
first have features that are ``essential to the conservation of the 
species.'' Critical habitat designations identify, to the extent known 
and using the best scientific data available, habitat areas that 
provide essential life cycle needs of the species (i.e., areas on which 
are found the primary constituent elements (PCEs), as defined at 50 CFR 
424.12(b)).
    Habitat occupied at the time of listing may be included in critical 
habitat only if the essential features thereon may require special 
management or protection. Thus, we do not include areas where existing 
management is sufficient to conserve the species. (As discussed below, 
such areas may also be excluded from critical habitat pursuant to 
section 4(b)(2) of the Act.) Accordingly, when the best available 
scientific data do not demonstrate that the conservation needs of the 
species so require, we will not designate critical habitat in areas 
outside the geographical area occupied by the species at the time of 
listing. An area currently occupied by the species but not known to 
have been occupied at the time of listing will likely be essential to 
the conservation of the species and, therefore, included in the 
critical habitat designation.
    The Service's Policy on Information Standards Under the Act, 
published in the Federal Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34271), and 
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act 
for Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 106-554; H.R. 5658) and the associated 
Information Quality Guidelines issued by the Service, provide criteria, 
establish procedures, and provide guidance to ensure that decisions 
made by the Service represent the best scientific data available. They 
require Service biologists, to the extent consistent with the Act and 
with the use of the best scientific data available, to use primary and 
original sources of information as the basis for recommendations to 
designate critical habitat. When determining which areas are critical 
habitat, a primary source of information is generally the listing 
package for the species. Additional information sources include the 
recovery plan for the species, articles in peer-reviewed journals, 
conservation plans developed by States and counties, scientific status 
surveys and studies, biological assessments, or other unpublished 
materials and expert opinion or personal knowledge. All information is 
used in accordance with the provisions of associated Information 
Quality Guidelines issued by the Service.
    Section 4 of the Act requires that we designate critical habitat on 
the basis of the best scientific data available. Habitat is often 
dynamic and may change over time due to vegetational succession, 
climate, or catastrophic events (e.g., fire, landslides). As a result 
of habitat change, a species may move from one area to another over 
time. Furthermore, we recognize that designation of critical habitat 
may not include all of the habitat areas that may eventually be 
determined to be necessary for the recovery of the species. For these 
reasons, critical habitat designations do not signal that habitat 
outside the designation is unimportant or may not be required for 
recovery.
    Areas that support populations, but are outside the critical 
habitat designation, will continue to be subject to conservation 
actions implemented under section 7(a)(1) of the Act and to the 
regulatory protections afforded by the section 7(a)(2) jeopardy 
standard, as determined on the basis of the best available information 
at the time of the action. Federally funded or permitted projects 
affecting listed species outside their designated critical habitat 
areas may still result in jeopardy findings in some cases. Similarly, 
critical habitat designations made on the basis of the best available 
information at the time of designation will not control the direction 
and substance of future recovery plans, habitat conservation plans, or 
other species conservation planning efforts if new information 
available to these planning efforts calls for a different outcome.

Primary Constituent Elements

    In accordance with section 3(5)(A)(i) of the Act and regulations at 
50 CFR 424.12, in determining which areas to propose as critical 
habitat, we are required to base critical habitat determinations on the 
best scientific data available and to consider those physical and 
biological features (PCEs) that are essential to the conservation of 
the species, and that may require special management considerations and 
protection. These include, but are not limited to: Space for individual 
and population growth and for normal behavior; food, water, air, light, 
minerals, or other nutritional or physiological requirements; cover or

[[Page 58189]]

shelter; sites for breeding, reproduction, and rearing (or development) 
of offspring; and habitats that are protected from disturbance or are 
representative of the historic geographical and ecological 
distributions of a species.
    The specific primary constituent elements required for the Alameda 
whipsnake are derived from the biological and ecological needs of the 
Alameda whipsnake as described in the Background section of this final 
rule and in previous listing and critical habitat rules for the 
subspecies. The primary constituent elements are based on the essential 
life history functions described below.

Space for Individual Population Growth and Normal Behavior

    The Alameda whipsnake is most frequently recorded in close 
association with chaparral or scrub patches. These patches serve as the 
center of home ranges, and provide for concealment from predators and 
prey-viewing opportunities while foraging. Whipsnakes venture into 
adjacent grasslands or wooded habitats that exhibit, at a minimum, a 
partially open canopy. The open canopy character is believed to allow 
development of the primary lizard prey base used by the snake, and 
efficient thermoregulation and foraging activities. The Alameda 
whipsnake hunts by sight, holding its head off the ground to peer over 
grass or rocks for potential prey capture opportunities. Its 
specialization on lizard prey and mode of foraging require areas that 
both support abundant prey populations and provide prey-viewing and 
capture opportunities. Essential features of Alameda whipsnake habitat 
must therefore include consideration of the habitat needs of the prey 
species and for hunting and capture of prey. The Alameda whipsnake's 
prey base and capture opportunities are provided for by a ``scrub 
community.'' The particular arrangement of the landscape mosaic that is 
essential for the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake commonly 
consists of scrub patches within an open canopy of interspersed 
grasslands and rock lands (areas containing large percentage of rocks, 
rocky features, and/or rock-bearing soil types), but may include closed 
or nearly closed scrub areas, including rock lands, and a much lower 
complement of grasses. Typical scrub communities within the range of 
the Alameda whipsnake include diablan sage scrub, coyote brush scrub, 
and chamise chaparral (Swaim 1994, pp. 101, 123, 129), also classified 
as coastal scrub, mixed chaparral, and chamise-chaparral (Mayer and 
Laudenslayer 1998, pp. 104, 106, 108), and chamise, chamise-eastwood 
manzanita, chaparral whitethorn, and interior live oak shrub vegetation 
series as identified in the Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer and 
Keeler-Wolf 1995), A Guide to Wildlife Habitats of California (Mayer 
and Laudenslayer 1988, pp. 28, 34), and California Wildlife Habitat 
Relationship System (CDFG 1998). These vegetation series are 
characterized as being less than 20 ft (6 m) in height with sparse 
ground cover (the interior live oak shrub vegetation series having 
variable ground cover), and form a nearly continuous cover of closely 
spaced shrubs often with intertwining branches. Sufficient light 
penetrates through the canopy to support an herbaceous understory. The 
soils are usually nutrient poor and rocky, and stands are best 
developed on steep slopes. Because of complex patterns of topographic, 
edaphic (soil), and climatic variations, these vegetation series form a 
mosaic pattern with inclusions of other vegetation series (blue oak, 
coast live oak, California bay, California buckeye, California annual 
grassland) or open spaces. The percentage cover for these vegetation 
series is variable depending on species composition and aspect. 
Vegetation-free zones about 3 ft (1 m) wide may be interspersed within 
these vegetation series, and extend around and out into adjacent 
vegetation series. These vegetation series occur on all slope aspects 
with patch sizes varying from square feet (meters) to square miles 
(kilometers) in size. The plant species associated with these 
vegetation series include, but are not limited to: Chamise (Adenostoma 
sp.), manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.), Ceanothus sp., buckwheat 
(Eriogonum sp.), bush monkey flower (Diplacus sp.), toyon (Heteromeles 
arbutifolia), scrub oak (Quercus sp.), interior live oak (Q. 
wislizenii), canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis), California coffeeberry 
(Rhamnus sp.), California buckeye (Aesculus californica), poison oak 
(Toxicodendron diversilobum), yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum), 
and mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus sp.).
    Swaim (1994, p. 111) found that core areas (areas of concentrated 
use by Alameda whipsnakes, based on telemetry and trapping data) were 
predominantly located on east, southeast, south, or southwest facing 
slopes and were characterized by open or partially-open canopy or 
grassland within 500 ft (150 m) of scrub vegetation. More recent 
analysis indicates that other slope aspects are also used to a lesser, 
albeit significant, extent (see responses to Comments 6 and 
21). In early studies, Alameda whipsnakes were captured 
primarily where the canopy cover was open (less than 75 percent cover) 
or partially open (75 to 90 percent cover). However, more recent 
trapping efforts have collected Alameda whipsnakes in scrub ranging 
from nearly complete or completely closed canopies, to very open 
canopies with a few patches of high-quality scrub present (Swaim 2005b, 
p. 1). These core areas provide sun-shade mosaics that offer an 
opportunity for the snake to achieve temperatures necessary for 
foraging, while providing retreat from predators (Swaim 1994, p. 101). 
The open scrub habitat supports prey viewing opportunities, aiding 
foraging opportunities for this diurnal sight-hunting snake (Swaim 
1994, p. 102). As previously mentioned, capture of spent females (i.e., 
snakes which have recently laid eggs) within scrub communities (Swaim 
2002a, p. 1) indicates scrub areas are in very close association with 
egg-laying sites, probably located in nearby grassland (Swaim 1994, p. 
104-105). Because they provide the primary foraging, breeding, and 
shelter areas for Alameda whipsnake, scrub communities are considered a 
feature essential to the conservation of this subspecies.
    Although much of Alameda whipsnake activity occurs in scrub 
communities, other types of vegetation are also used for foraging and 
are necessary for normal behavior, breeding, reproduction, population 
interaction, and dispersal. Core areas used by the snake can be 
sustained by very small patches of scrub embedded within a larger 
mosaic of other dominant vegetation types (Swaim 2005b, p. 1). Our 
review of available vegetation data and aerial imagery indicates that 
much of the distribution of Alameda whipsnake does not consist of large 
unbroken tracts of scrub community. The vegetation types adjacent to 
the scrub habitat that the Alameda whipsnake needs for foraging, 
dispersal, and population interactions includes annual grassland, blue 
oak-foothill pine, blue oak woodland, coastal oak woodland, valley oak 
woodland, eucalyptus, redwood, and riparian communities (e.g., stream 
corridors). McGinnis (1992, p. 11) has documented Alameda whipsnakes 
using oak woodland/grassland habitat as a corridor between stands of 
northern coastal scrub. Alvarez (2005, pp. 23-24) found that 37 of 129 
observations of whipsnakes were in a variety of habitats other than 
scrub, including annual grassland, oak woodland, riparian, and mixed 
evergreen forest.
    Grassland habitats are used extensively by both sexes of Alameda

[[Page 58190]]

whipsnake during the breeding season. Males use these areas most 
extensively during the spring mating season, possibly in search and 
selection of mates (Swaim 1994, p. 93). Female use occurs after mating, 
possibly looking for egg-laying sites or for dispersal to scrub habitat 
(Swaim 1994, p. 95; Swaim 2002a, p. 1). Specifically, concentrated 
activity of gravid females, and hence the suspected location of egg-
laying sites, was in grassland areas with scattered shrubs within 10 to 
20 ft (3 to 6 m) of true scrub habitat (Swaim 1994, pp. 104-105). 
Therefore, woodland and annual grassland plant communities that are 
contiguous with scrub communities are also essential to the 
conservation of the Alameda whipsnake.

Food

    The specific feeding and foraging habits of the Alameda whipsnake 
are relatively well known (Stebbins 1985, p. 182; Swaim 1994, p. 2). 
Alameda whipsnake prey extensively on western fence lizards, but also 
have been known to prey on western skinks (Eumeces skiltonianus) as 
well as frogs, birds, and other snakes (Stebbins 1985, p. 182; Swaim 
1994, p. 82).

Shelter

    Embedded within these scrub communities and adjacent habitats are 
areas consisting of rocky habitat (either rock outcrops or rock debris 
piles (talus)) and small rodent burrows; however, brush piles and deep 
soil crevices are also used by the snake (Swaim 1994, p. 104). These 
areas are essential for normal behavior, breeding, reproduction, 
dispersal, and foraging because they provide shelter from predators, 
egg-laying sites, over-night retreats, and winter hibernacula (Swaim 
1994, p. 103), and are associated with areas that have increased 
numbers of foraging opportunities (Swaim 1994, p. 103). Swaim (1994, p. 
81) found rock outcrops were typically abundant in core areas and 
observed Alameda whipsnakes mating in these outcrops. During the mating 
season, females remain near the retreat sites while males disperse 
throughout their home ranges (Swaim 1994, p. 94). Hammerson (1979, p. 
269) observed the chaparral whipsnake, the close relative of Alameda 
whipsnake, emerging from burrows in the morning, basking in the sun, 
and retreating into burrows when the soil surface temperatures began to 
fall. Alameda whipsnakes retreat into winter hibernacula (e.g., rodent 
burrows, crevices between rocks) around November and emerge in March 
(Swaim, p. 28). Trapping of gravid females close to scrub communities 
in grassland with scattered shrubs (Swaim 1994, pp. 71-72), and finding 
of spent females in true scrub communities (Swaim 2002a, p. 1) suggest 
that rock outcrops, talus, and burrows (mating habitats) need to be 
relatively close to scrub and nearby grassland habitat (suspected egg-
laying habitats).

Dispersal Habitat

    Dispersal habitats are essential for the conservation of Alameda 
whipsnake. Protecting the ability of Alameda whipsnake to move freely 
across the landscape in search of habitats is essential for: (1) 
Sustaining populations by providing opportunity for movement and 
establishment of home ranges by juvenile recruits, (2) maintaining gene 
flow by the movement of both juveniles and adults between 
subpopulations, and (3) allowing recolonization of habitat after fires 
or other natural events that have resulted in local extirpations. The 
available information on movements of other snakes of the family 
Colubridae is limited to a small minority of species, but indicates a 
general potential for significant mobility. Based on extensive radio-
tracking data, Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead (2002, p. 1170) found that 
male and female ratsnakes (Elaphe obsolete) (a species similar in size 
and characteristics to the Alameda whipsnake within the same taxonomic 
family) travel up to 5 mi (8 km) from hibernacula to mate. Loughheed et 
al. (1999, pp. 1998-1999) found evidence of substantial genetic 
exchange among ratsnakes from local hibernacula less than 3.75 mi (6 
km) apart, although gene flow over distances of 9.38 mi (15 km) and 
greater appears to be substantially less. Therefore, it is likely that 
medium-sized species of this family, such as the Alameda whipsnake, 
regularly move between areas up to a few miles (kilometers) apart. This 
is consistent with the distribution of vegetation types in portions of 
the Alameda whipsnake range, where the vegetation often has a more 
dense closed canopy on the northeast-facing slopes, and less dense open 
canopy on southwest-facing slopes. Recent trapping data has shown 
several instances of snakes residing in and moving through 
predominantly north-facing slopes within two of the six proposed 
critical habitat units (Swaim 2005c, p. 32; Swaim 2005d, p. 14). 
Habitat with a more open canopy would provide the greatest range of 
essential functions. However, closed-canopy areas are considered 
essential because they provide avenues of dispersal and interaction 
between subpopulations, and movement through such closed-canopy areas 
has been documented (Swaim 2002b, p. 44).
    Additional trapping data has shown that the maximum distance 
between Alameda whipsnake observations and the nearest scrub is much 
larger, up to 4.5 mi (7.3 km), than either the home range diameter or 
average movements, suggesting more extensive use of grassland for 
either foraging or corridor movement (Swaim 2000, p. 5; Swaim 2003, 
Table 1; Swaim 2005b, p. 1; Alvarez 2005, p. 24). The scale of these 
grassland patches is on the order of several miles (kilometers) across, 
and movement of this degree would permit Alameda whipsnakes to disperse 
to other adjacent habitat. Large blocks of contiguous habitat, 
relatively uninterrupted by roads, structures, or other development, 
fulfill the essential need for interchange and interaction among 
individuals and subpopulations within the limited distribution of 
Alameda whipsnake. Thus, other vegetation (e.g., annual grassland, blue 
oak-foothill pine, blue oak woodland, coastal oak woodland, valley oak 
woodland, eucalyptus, redwood, and riparian communities) adjacent to 
scrub habitat is considered a feature essential to the conservation of 
the Alameda whipsnake.
    The characteristics and composition of the vegetation series 
adjacent to scrub or rocky habitats used by Alameda whipsnake for 
foraging, short- and long-distance dispersal, and mating can vary 
depending on location, topography, soils, and rainfall. The woodland 
vegetation series are comprised of slow growing, long-lived deciduous 
and evergreen trees 15 to 70 ft (4 to 21 m) tall with a mixed 
understory of grass and herbaceous vegetation or shrub vegetation. Some 
common species associated with the woodland vegetation series include: 
Blue oak (Quercus douglasii), valley oak (Quercus lobata), canyon live 
oak, coast live oak, California black oak (Quercus kellogi), interior 
live oak, madrone (Arbutus menziesii), foothill pine (Pinus sabiniana), 
California bay (Umbellularia californica), California buckeye, coyote 
brush, manzanita, gooseberry (Ribes sp.), redwood, and Eucalyptus. Some 
common species associated with the California annual grassland 
vegetation series include: Wild oats (Avena sp.), soft chess (Bromus 
mollis), Brome sp., barley (Hordeum sp.), and fescue (Festuca sp.). 
Some remnant perennial grasses may also be distributed within this 
grassland vegetation series comprised of species such as needlegrass 
(Nassella sp.), California onion grass (Melica californica), and 
California fescue (Festuca californica).

[[Page 58191]]

Herbaceous vegetation within the woodland and grassland vegetation 
series includes filaree sp., turkey mullein (Eremocarpus  sp.), popcorn 
flower (Plagiobothrys sp.), and California poppy (Eschscholtzia 
california).

Primary Constituent Elements for the Alameda Whipsnake

    Under our regulations, we are required to identify the known 
physical and biological features essential to the conservation of the 
Alameda whipsnake (PCEs). All areas finalized as critical habitat for 
the Alameda whipsnake are occupied, within the subspecies' historic 
geographic range, and contain sufficient PCEs to support at least one 
life history function.
    Based on our current knowledge of the life history, biology, and 
ecology of the Alameda whipsnake and the requirements of the habitat 
necessary to sustain the essential life history functions of the 
subspecies, we have determined that the PCEs for the Alameda whipsnake 
are:
    (1) Scrub/shrub communities with a mosaic of open and closed 
canopy: Scrub/shrub vegetation dominated by low-to medium-stature woody 
shrubs with a mosaic of open and closed canopy as characterized by the 
chamise, chamise-eastwood manzanita, chaparral whitethorn, and interior 
live oak shrub vegetation series (as identified in the Manual of 
California Vegetation (Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf 1995), A Guide to 
Wildlife Habitats of California ((Mayer and Laudenslayer 1988, pp. 28, 
34), and California Wildlife Habitat Relationship System (CDFG 1998)), 
occurring at elevations from sea level to approximately 3,850 ft (1,170 
m). Such scrub/shrub vegetation within these series forms a pattern of 
open and closed canopy used by the Alameda whipsnake for shelter from 
predators; temperature regulation, because it provides sunny and shady 
locations; prey-viewing opportunities; and nesting habitat and 
substrate. These features contribute to support a prey base consisting 
of western fence lizards and other prey species such as skinks, frogs, 
snakes, and birds.
    (2) Woodland or annual grassland plant communities contiguous to 
lands containing PCE 1: Woodland or annual grassland vegetation series 
comprised of one or more of the following: Blue oak, coast live oak, 
California bay, California buckeye, and California annual grassland 
vegetation series (as identified in the Manual of California Vegetation 
(Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf 1995), A Guide to Wildlife Habitats of 
California (Mayer and Laudenslayer 1988), and California Wildlife 
Habitat Relationship System (CDFG 1998, pp. 28, 29, 118)) are PCE 2. 
This mosaic of vegetation is essential to the conservation of the 
Alameda whipsnake because it supports a prey base consisting of western 
fence lizards and other prey species such as skinks, frogs, snakes, and 
birds, and provides opportunities for: (1) Foraging by allowing snakes 
to come in contact with and visualize, track, and capture prey 
(especially western fence lizards along with other prey such as skinks, 
frogs, birds); (2) short and long distance dispersal within, between, 
or to adjacent areas containing essential features (i.e., PCE 1 or PCE 
3); and (3) contact with other Alameda whipsnakes for mating and 
reproduction.
    (3) Lands containing rock outcrops, talus, and small mammal burrows 
within or adjacent to PCE 1 and or PCE 2. These areas are essential to 
the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake because they are used for 
retreats (shelter), hibernacula, foraging, and dispersal, and provide 
additional prey population support functions.
    This designation is designed for the conservation of PCEs necessary 
to support the life history functions which were the basis for the 
proposal. Because not all life history functions require all the PCEs, 
not all proposed critical habitat will contain all the PCEs.
    Units are designated based on sufficient PCEs being present to 
support one or more of the species's life history functions. Some units 
contain all PCEs and support multiple life processes, while some units 
contain only a portion of the PCEs necessary to support the species' 
particular use of that habitat. Where a subset of the PCEs is present 
at the time of designation, this rule protects those PCEs and thus the 
conservation function of the habitat.

Methods

    The methods used in determining the critical habitat boundaries are 
unmodified from those described in the proposed rule (70 FR 60607, p 
60611) and are incorporated within by reference. See the proposed 
critical habitat designation for more information.

Criteria Used To Identify Critical Habitat

    As required by section 4(b)(1)(A) of the Act, we use the best 
scientific data available in determining areas that contain the 
features that are essential to the conservation of the Alameda 
whipsnake. The material included data in reports submitted during 
section 7 consultations and by biologists holding section 10(a)(1)(A) 
recovery permits; research published in peer-reviewed articles and 
presented in academic theses and agency reports; and regional GIS 
coverages. We designated no areas outside the geographical area 
presently occupied by the subspecies.
    The criteria we utilized to designate critical habitat for Alameda 
whipsnake are based on the best scientific information available 
regarding the biology and ecology of the subspecies. In our 
determination of critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake, we 
selected areas that possess the physical and biological features 
essential to the conservation of the subspecies and that may require 
special management considerations or protection. Application of these 
criteria (1) protects the best-quality habitat in areas where Alameda 
whipsnake occurs; (2) maintains the current geographical, elevational, 
and ecological distribution of habitat and the subspecies, thereby 
preserving genetic variation within the range of the Alameda whipsnake, 
and minimizes the effects of local extirpation; and (3) minimizes 
fragmentation by establishing unit boundaries that would result in the 
lowest possible ratio of perimeter/unit area, maintaining the essential 
need for Alameda whipsnake movement, dispersal, and interaction within 
the population. The specific habitat quality factors we considered in 
determining critical habitat included soil type, vegetation type, 
vegetation mosaic, and amount of included development (e.g., roads, 
structures).
    There is no firm information on the actual population size of 
Alameda whipsnake. In addition, there has been no analysis of the 
minimum viable population size necessary to maintain a stable or 
increasing population of the Alameda whipsnake. However, expert opinion 
is that the subspecies persists in relatively low numbers throughout 
its range compared to other snake species (McGinnis 1992, p. 24). These 
low numbers are also subject to variation as supported by monitoring 
studies such as Swaim (2006, pp. 1, 4), who found one site in which 
Alameda whipsnakes comprised 41 of 1,415 total snake captures with 178 
traplines in 2005, an increase from 10 Alameda whipsnake captures in 
2004 with 274 traplines. Moreover, irretrievable loss of occupied 
Alameda whipsnake habitat due to recent urban development is 
significant in areas adjacent to several of the critical habitat units. 
This loss of habitat has very likely resulted in a commensurate 
reduction in the population size for the Alameda whipsnake. 
Accordingly, the general pattern of habitat loss and fragmentation

[[Page 58192]]

was taken into consideration in the designation of critical habitat.
    Connectivity has been applied as a criterion to those areas where 
designation of critical habitat would result in a relatively high 
potential for dispersal between and within units. The need for special 
management considerations was assessed where such management may be 
essential to enhance the connectivity or the integrity of high quality 
habitat within a unit.
    We are designating critical habitat on lands we have determined are 
occupied at the time of listing and contain sufficient PCEs to support 
life history functions essential for the conservation of the 
subspecies. When determining critical habitat boundaries for this final 
rule, we made every effort to avoid including developed areas such as 
buildings, paved areas, and other structures that lack the PCEs for the 
Alameda whipsnake. The scale of the maps prepared under the parameters 
for publication within the Code of Federal Regulations may not reflect 
the exclusion of such developed areas. Any such structures and the land 
under them inadvertently left inside critical habitat boundaries shown 
on the maps of this final rule have been excluded by text in the 
proposed rule and are not designated critical habitat. Therefore, 
Federal actions limited to these areas would not trigger section 7 
consultation, unless they affect the subspecies and/or the PCEs in 
adjacent critical habitat.
    Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Act authorizes us to issue permits for 
the take of listed species incidental to otherwise lawful activities. 
An incidental take permit application must be supported by a habitat 
conservation plan (HCP) that identifies conservation measures that the 
permittee agrees to implement for the species to minimize and mitigate 
the impacts of the requested incidental take. We often exclude non-
Federal public lands and private lands that are covered by an existing 
operative HCP and executed implementation agreement (IA) under section 
10(a)(1)(B) of the Act from designated critical habitat because the 
benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion as discussed 
in section 4(b)(2) of the Act. We are excluding critical habitat from 
portions of Unit 4 based on the development of the ECCHCP/NCCP and 
lands within the East Bay Regional Park District. See Relationship of 
Critical Habitat to Habitat Conservation Plan Lands --Exclusions Under 
Section 4(b)(2) of the Act below.

Special Management Considerations or Protections

    When designating critical habitat, we assess whether the features 
essential to the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake that have been 
identified as PCEs may require special management considerations or 
protections. Special management is required when threats to the 
subspecies and features essential to its conservation exist and must be 
reduced by management to conserve the subspecies. The greatest threat 
to all six critical habitat units is continued urban development, which 
removes and fragments the features essential to the conservation of the 
subspecies. Second, fragmentation and destruction of features essential 
to the conservation of the subspecies, and thus the habitat, also 
results from road development and widening in all six critical habitat 
units. Alameda whipsnakes may experience direct mortality while moving 
across roads, and roads (e.g., highways) may form partial or complete 
barriers to Alameda whipsnake movement. Special management may be 
needed to reduce the effects of development projects that remove or 
reduce the quality of features essential to the subspecies' 
conservation. Third, the features essential to the conservation of the 
subspecies are threatened directly and indirectly by the effects of 
fire suppression. Fire suppression exacerbates the detrimental effects 
of wildfires through the buildup of fuel (i.e., underbrush and woody 
debris), creating conditions for slow-moving, hot fires that completely 
burn all sources of cover for the Alameda whipsnake. The highest 
intensity fires occur in the summer and early Fall, when accumulated 
fuel is abundant and dry. During this period, hatchling and adult 
Alameda whipsnakes are aboveground (Swaim 1994, p. 96), resulting in 
Alameda whipsnake populations being more likely to sustain heavy losses 
from high intensity fires. Fire suppression has led to the encroachment 
of non-indigenous and ornamental trees into grassland habitats, further 
increasing fuel loads in and around Alameda whipsnake habitat. Fire 
suppression has also led to the change of scrub communities from open/
closed mosaics to closed canopy stands. As described above, Alameda 
whipsnakes prefer scrub communities consisting of an open/closed 
mosaic. The closed scrub canopy also results in a buildup of flammable 
fuels over time. Special management may be required to manage fuel 
loads to minimize the risk of catastrophic fire within the six critical 
habitat units.
    Inappropriate grazing practices, such as overgrazing, may threaten 
the Alameda whipsnake. The scrub component of the vegetation mosaic may 
be affected by overgrazing as well as practices such as burning or 
bulldozing to remove scrub prior to grazing (McGinnis 1992, p. 21). 
Overgrazing may also reduce grass height or density to the point that 
Alameda whipsnakes are exposed to increased predation by hawks. Special 
management may be needed to manage grazing practices so they do not 
result in incompatible losses of scrub, and to restore scrub habitat to 
areas within the six critical habitat units that have been adversely 
affected by past overgrazing or associated land management.
    In habitat areas that are not urbanized, construction and use of 
paved and unpaved roads and trails, and associated recreational 
activities (e.g., on- and off-road motorized and non-motorized 
vehicles, camping, hiking, horseback riding) may result in both losses 
of habitat and direct mortality of Alameda whipsnakes by motorized and 
non-motorized vehicles. Special management may be needed to ensure that 
the locations and densities of such features and activities within all 
six critical habitat units are managed so effects on the Alameda 
whipsnake and its habitat are minimized.
    Finally, Alameda whipsnakes are subject to increased predatory 
pressure from introduced species, such as rats (Rattus spp.), feral 
pigs (Sus scrofa), and feral and domestic cats (Felis domestica) and 
dogs (Canis familiaris). These additional threats become particularly 
acute where urban development immediately abuts Alameda whipsnake 
habitat. A growing movement to maintain feral cats in parklands is an 
additional potential threat to the Alameda whipsnake. EBRPD is 
currently facing public pressure to allow private individuals to 
maintain feral cats on park lands (DelVecchio 1997, p. A-15). Although 
the actual impact of predation under such situations has not been 
studied, feral cats are known to prey on reptiles, including yellow 
racers (Coluber sp. (Hubbs 1951, p. 183)), a fast, diurnal snake 
closely related to the Alameda whipsnake (Stebbins 1985, p. 180). 
Alameda whipsnakes may be adversely affected in areas that are adjacent 
to urban development because of the associated loss of cover habitats 
in combination with increased native and nonnative predators using 
these areas. Special management of nonnative predators may be required 
within all six critical habitat units.

[[Page 58193]]

Critical Habitat Designation

    We are designating six units as critical habitat for the Alameda 
whipsnake. The critical habitat areas described below constitute our 
best assessment at this time of areas that have been determined to be 
occupied at the time of listing, contain the PCEs essential for the 
conservation of the subspecies and that may require special management. 
The six areas designated as critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake 
are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. Table 1 is a summary of the areas 
that meet the definition of critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake 
and the areas excluded from critical habitat. Table 2 identifies the 
approximate area designated as critical habitat for the Alameda 
whipsnake by land ownership.

   Table 1.--Approximate Areas With Essential Features for the Alameda
     Whipsnake and the Area Excluded From the Final Critical Habitat
                               Designation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Area with essential   Area excluded from
                                    features         the final critical
            Unit             ----------------------  habitat designation
                                                   ---------------------
                                  ac         ha         ac         ha
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...........................     34,119     13,808  .........  .........
2...........................     24,436      9,889  .........  .........
3...........................     27,551     11,150      1,585        641
4...........................     69,597     28,165     45,413     18,378
5A..........................     24,723     10,005  .........  .........
5B..........................     18,214      7,371  .........  .........
6...........................      4,151      1,680  .........  .........
                             -------------------------------------------
    Total...................    202,791     82,068     46,998     19,020
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                 Table 2.--Critical Habitat Units for Alameda Whipsnake
                                    [Area (ac/ha) estimates reflect all land within critical habitat unit boundaries]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Federal              State               Local              Private              Total
                        Unit                         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         ac        ha        ac        ha        ac        ha        ac        ha        ac        ha
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...................................................  ........  ........        15         6     8,108     3,281    25,997    10,520    34,119    13,808
2...................................................  ........  ........  ........  ........     4,386     1,775    20,050     8,114    24,436     9,889
3...................................................  ........  ........  ........  ........       404       163    25,562    10,345    25,966    10,508
4...................................................        23         9    13,855     5,607  ........  ........     9,348     3,783    23,225     9,399
5A..................................................     2,492     1,008  ........  ........       246        99    21,986     8,897    24,723    10,005
5B..................................................  ........  ........  ........  ........       361       146    17,854     7,225    18,214     7,371
6...................................................  ........  ........       720       291       265       107     3,166     1,281     4,151     1,680
                                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...........................................     2,515     1,018    14,590     5,904    13,768     5,572   123,962    50,166   154,834    62,659
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We present brief descriptions of all units, and reasons why they 
are essential for the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake below.
Unit 1: Tilden-Briones; Alameda and Contra Costa Counties (34,119 ac 
(13,808 ha))
    Unit 1 is bordered approximately by State Highway 4 and the cities 
of Pinole, Hercules, and Martinez to the north; by State Highway 24 and 
the City of Orinda Village to the south; Interstate 80 and the cities 
of Berkeley, El Cerrito, and Richmond, to the west; and Interstate 680 
and the City of Pleasant Hill to the east. The South end of Unit 1 
abuts Unit 6. Land ownership within the unit includes approximately 
8,108 ac (3,281 ha) of EBRPD lands, 15 acres (6 ha) of State land, and 
the remaining 25,997 ac (10,520 ha) under private ownership.
    The unit contains a complex mosaic of grassland with woody scrub 
vegetation of several types (PCE 1 and PCE 2), as well as rock outcrops 
or other talus features (PCE 3) distributed throughout the unit with 
little habitat fragmentation. Alameda whipsnake records occur within 
the unit and are uniformly distributed throughout the unit (Swaim 
2005a). The dates of Alameda whipsnake records span a time period from 
before the subspecies' listing to after the time of listing (1986 to 
present). Habitat fragmentation is minimal. Very limited development 
has occurred within the unit, with the exception of a few structures 
presumably associated with livestock management. The distribution of 
essential features throughout the unit and low fragmentation allows 
Alameda whipsnakes to utilize and freely disperse within the unit, 
making the overall population less vulnerable to local extirpation 
which could result from fire, landslide, or some other natural event 
(e.g., drought, disease). The unit is designated critical habitat 
because it contains features essential to the conservation of the 
Alameda whipsnake, is currently occupied, and represents the 
northwestern portion of the subspecies' range and one of five 
population centers. The special management actions that may be required 
within the unit include prescribed burns and management of grazing 
activities to maintain a mosaic of open habitat. Additional special 
management actions that may be required for this unit include 
management of trespass, unauthorized trail construction, dumping, and/
or feral animals, and other activities or situations associated with 
the urban or recreational interface.
Unit 2: Oakland-Las Trampas; Contra Costa and Alameda Counties (24,436 
ac (9,889 ha))
    Unit 2 is located south of State Route 24, north of Interstate 580, 
east of State Route 13, and west of Interstate 680 and the cities of 
Danville, San Ramon, and Dublin. The North edge of Unit 2 abuts Unit 6. 
Land ownership includes 4,386

[[Page 58194]]

ac (1,775 ha) of EBRPD and East Bay Municipal Utilities District lands 
and 20,050 ac (8,114 ha) under private ownership.
    Unit 2 contains a range of vegetation (PCE 1 and PCE 2), soil 
types, and rocky features (PCE 3) essential to the conservation of the 
subspecies, supports viable Alameda whipsnake populations, and has 
minimal development such as roads and structures (Swaim 2005a). Areas 
with development or reduced soil and vegetation characteristics have 
not been included in the critical habitat for this unit. Unit 2 
essential features that contain more dense woodland habitat may be 
subject to special management considerations, such as prescribed burns, 
to improve the habitat quality and enhance the potential for Alameda 
whipsnake movement between units. Additional special management actions 
that may be required throughout this unit include management of 
trespass, unauthorized trail construction, dumping, and/or feral 
animals, and other activities or situations associated with the urban 
or recreational interface. Alameda whipsnake occurrences have been 
documented by multiple records within the unit as well as adjacent to 
the unit (Swaim 2005a). Dispersal of snakes between Units 2 and 1 is 
possible only through Unit 6, and impediments to such movement do not 
appear to be present. Unit 2 is included in the critical habitat 
because it contains features essential to the conservation of the 
Alameda whipsnake, is currently occupied by the subspecies, and 
represents the central distribution of Alameda whipsnake and one of the 
five population centers.
Unit 3: Hayward-Pleasanton Ridge; Alameda County (25,966 ac (10,508 
ha))
    Unit 3 is located immediately to the west of Interstate 680 and to 
the south of Interstate 580. Land ownership includes 404 ac (163 ha) of 
EBRPD land and 25,562 ac (10,345 ha) privately owned land. We have 
excluded the Stonebrae Country Club project site from critical habitat 
in this unit (see Relationship of Critical Habitat to Approved 
Management Plans--Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act, below).
    Unit 3 contains the mosaic of scrub and chaparral vegetation and 
rocky outcrops (PCE 1, PCE 3) considered essential to the conservation 
of the subspecies. The unit also includes variation in vegetation patch 
size, abundant edge between grassland and woodland, and a minimal 
amount of development or planned development. The area supports scrub 
and rock outcrop features essential for Alameda whipsnake. The Alameda 
whipsnake records within this unit are associated with Gaviota rocky 
sandy loams in particular, which likely provide talus (PCE 3), and 
appear to coincide in aerial imagery to scrub or chaparral vegetation 
preferred by Alameda whipsnake. Vegetation is largely of oak woodland 
community of variable densities (PCE 2) and statures (trees, shrubs) 
interspersed with grassland. Some peripheral portions of habitat around 
this unit were not included as critical habitat due to the high degree 
of development-related disturbance and fragmentation of the habitat. 
The unit is included in the designated critical habitat because it 
contains features essential to the conservation of the Alameda 
whipsnake; is currently occupied by the subspecies (Swaim 2005a); and 
represents the southwestern portion of the subspecies' range and one of 
the five population centers. The special management actions that may be 
required throughout this unit include management of controlled burns 
and grazing, trespass, unauthorized trail and road construction, 
dumping, and/or feral animals, and other activities or situations 
associated with the urban or recreational interface.
Unit 4: Mount Diablo-Black Hills; Contra Costa and Alameda Counties 
(23,225 ac (9,399 ha))
    This unit encompasses Mount Diablo State Park and surrounding 
lands, and is largely within Contra Costa County except a small portion 
that is within Alameda County. Lands are owned by the Bureau of Land 
Management (23 ac (9 ha)), State Department of Parks and Recreation 
(13,855 ac (5,607 ha)), and private landowners (9,348 ac (3,783 ha)). 
We have excluded East Bay Regional Park District lands and lands 
covered by the draft East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservation Plan 
and Natural Community Conservation Plan from critical habitat in this 
unit (see Relationship of Critical Habitat to Approved Management 
Plans--Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act'', below).
    Numerous Alameda whipsnake observations (i.e., greater than 90 
records from 1972 to 2004) occur throughout the area, many of which are 
associated with dense rock outcrops (PCE 3) and chaparral, scrub, and 
oak woodland (PCE 1, PCE 2). The pattern of woody vegetation with 
grassland and rock outcrops forms an intricate landscape mosaic that is 
highly functional habitat for the Alameda whipsnake. The vegetation and 
soil characteristics, the mosaic habitat pattern, the abundance of 
Alameda whipsnake records, and the lack of surrounding development and 
relative absence of roadways, together indicate that this unit likely 
provides some of the very highest quality and largest contiguous blocks 
of habitat within the range of the subspecies, as well as some of its 
most robust populations. Special management, such as prescribed burns, 
may be required for portions of the unit with dense vegetation. The 
special management actions which may be required throughout this unit 
include management of controlled burns and grazing, trespass, 
unauthorized trail and road construction, dumping, and/or feral 
animals, and other activities or situations associated with the urban 
or recreational interface. The unit is included in designated critical 
habitat because it contains features essential to the conservation of 
the Alameda whipsnake, is occupied by the subspecies (Swaim 2005a), and 
represents the northeastern portion of the subspecies' range and one of 
the five population centers.
Unit 5A: Cedar Mountain; Alameda and San Joaquin Counties (24,723 ac 
(10,005 ha))
    Unit 5A is located east of Lake Del Valle along Cedar Mountain 
Ridge and Crane Ridge to Corral Hollow west of Interstate 580. Land 
ownership within this unit includes approximately 2,492 ac (1,008 ha) 
of Department of Energy land, 246 ac (99 ha) of EBRPD land, and 21,986 
ac (8,897 ha)) are privately owned.
    The vegetation pattern within this unit consists of various 
woodland, scrub, and/or chaparral communities on northeast-facing 
slopes (PCE 1, PCE 2). Rock bearing soils which are associated with 
multiple Alameda whipsnake records (e.g. Vallecitos rocky loam) as well 
as rock lands are abundant, indicating the presence of PCE 3. Open, 
grassland-dominated communities are prominent on southwest-facing 
slopes, but there is also a significant component of woodland habitat 
on these slopes. Significant areas of vegetation types known to support 
Alameda whipsnake are present, including coastal oak, chamise-
chaparral, mixed chaparral, blue-oak-foothill pine woodland, blue oak 
woodland, valley oak woodland, and montane hardwood. About 50 Alameda 
whipsnake records from 1973 through 2002 are known in this unit (Swaim 
2005a). In most instances, the boundaries for critical habitat 
designation correspond to natural breaks in plant communities, habitat 
quality, and/or landform (ridgelines, water features). A moderate 
number of light duty roads (e.g., paved or unpaved

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lightly used) are present within the unit, although there are very few 
structures or other land modifications. Special management, such as 
prescribed burns, may be required for portions of the unit with dense 
vegetation. The special management actions that may be required 
throughout this unit include management of grazing, trespass, 
unauthorized trail and road construction, dumping, and/or feral 
animals, and other activities or situations associated with urban or 
recreational interface. The unit is included in designated critical 
habitat because it contains features essential to the conservation of 
the Alameda whipsnake, is currently occupied by the subspecies, and 
represents the southernmost and easternmost distribution of Alameda 
whipsnake and one of five population centers for the subspecies.
Unit 5B: Alameda Creek; Alameda and Santa Clara Counties (18,214 ac 
(7,371 ha))
    This unit is located northeast of Calaveras Reservoir, south of the 
town of Sunol, including the area along Wauhab Ridge in Alameda County 
and Oak Ridge in Santa Clara County. Alameda Creek is located at the 
west margin of the unit, and the unit contains the Sunol Regional 
Wilderness and Camp Ohlone Regional Park (approximately 361 ac (146 
ha)), which are managed by the East Bay Regional Park, with the 
remaining 17,854 ac (7,225 ha) in private ownership. Vegetation is a 
mix of blue oak--foothill pine and annual grassland with a significant 
amount of woodland patches. Coastal live oak is present in the vicinity 
of Lleyden Creek. Soil types in which Alameda whipsnakes are found 
dominate the unit. This subunit contains six Alameda whipsnake records 
documented between 1972 and 2000 (Swaim 2005a). Significant areas of 
vegetation types known to support Alameda whipsnake are present, 
including coastal oak, chamise-chaparral, mixed chaparral, blue oak--
foothill pine woodland, blue oak woodland, valley oak woodland, and 
montane hardwood interspersed with rock outcrops or talus (PCEs 1, 2, 
3). The boundaries for critical habitat designation correspond to 
natural breaks in plant communities, soil type, and or landform. A 
moderate number of light roads are present within the unit, although 
there are very few structures or other land modifications. Development 
within or adjacent to the unit is minimal. As a result of this low 
development pressure, the survey efforts for the Alameda whipsnake in 
this unit have not been as extensive as in the other units. Special 
management, such as prescribed burns, may be required for portions of 
the unit with dense vegetation. Other special management actions which 
may be required throughout this unit includes management of grazing, 
unauthorized trail and road construction, dumping, and/or feral 
animals, control and other activities or situations associated with 
urban or recreational interface. The unit is included in designated 
critical habitat because it contains features essential to the 
conservation of the Alameda whipsnake, is currently occupied, and 
represents the southern most distribution of Alameda whipsnake and one 
of the five population centers for the subspecies.
Unit 6: Caldecott Tunnel; Contra Costa and Alameda Counties (4,151 ac 
(1,680 ha))
    This critical habitat unit lies between Units 1 and 2, along the 
Alameda and Contra Costa County lines. Land ownership within this unit 
includes 265 ac (107 ha) of East Bay Regional Park lands, 720 ac (291 
ha) of State, and 3,166 ac (1,281 ha) in private lands.
    The unit is bounded by dense urban development to the east and 
west. However, the vegetation and soil types that are known to support 
Alameda whipsnake are dominant throughout the unit (PCEs 1, 2, 3). 
About eight Alameda whipsnake records are known from the unit between 
1990 and 2002 (Swaim 2005a). Special management considerations in this 
unit include possible consolidation of existing roads, or limiting 
additional road construction in order to preserve a corridor function 
in this unit as a consequence of the restricted width of the unit and 
the current presence of a moderate number of roads. Prescribed burns 
may also be required to maintain the habitat mosaic considered 
essential. The unit is included in designated critical habitat because 
it contains features essential to the conservation of the Alameda 
whipsnake, is currently occupied, and represents the last remaining 
habitat connecting Unit 1 and Unit 2, which are two of the five 
population centers for the subspecies. Maintaining connectivity between 
units allows for dispersal between units for the subspecies and allows 
for genetic exchange among all three units.

Effects of Critical Habitat Designation

Section 7 Consultation

    Section 7 of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the 
Service, to ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or carry out are 
not likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. In our 
regulations at 50 CFR 402.02, we define destruction or adverse 
modification as ``a direct or indirect alteration that appreciably 
diminishes the value of critical habitat for both the survival and 
recovery of a listed species. Such alterations include, but are not 
limited to, alterations adversely modifying any of those physical or 
biological features that were the basis for determining the habitat to 
be critical.'' However, recent decisions by the Fifth and Ninth Circuit 
Court of Appeals have invalidated this definition. Pursuant to current 
national policy and the statutory provisions of the Act, destruction or 
adverse modification is determined on the basis of whether, with 
implementation of the proposed Federal action, the affected critical 
habitat would remain functional (or retain the current ability for the 
primary constituent elements to be functionally established) to serve 
the intended conservation role for the species.
    Section 7(a) of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the 
Service, to evaluate their actions with respect to any species that is 
proposed or listed as endangered or threatened and with respect to its 
critical habitat, if any is proposed or designated. Regulations 
implementing this interagency cooperation provision of the Act are 
codified at 50 CFR part 402.
    Section 7(a)(4) of the Act requires Federal agencies to confer with 
us on any action that is likely to jeopardize the continued existence 
of a proposed species or result in destruction or adverse modification 
of critical habitat. This is a procedural requirement only. However, 
once a proposed species becomes listed, or proposed critical habitat is 
designated as final, the full prohibitions of section 7(a)(2) apply to 
any Federal action. The primary utility of the conference procedures is 
to maximize the opportunity for a Federal agency to adequately consider 
proposed species and critical habitat and avoid potential delays in 
implementing a proposed action as a result of the section 7(a)(2) 
compliance process, should those species be listed or the critical 
habitat designated.
    Under conference procedures, the Service may provide advisory 
conservation recommendations to assist the agency in eliminating 
conflicts that may be caused by the proposed action. The Service may 
conduct either informal or formal conferences. Informal conferences are 
typically used if the proposed action is not likely to have any adverse 
effects to the proposed species or proposed critical habitat. Formal

[[Page 58196]]

conferences are typically used when the Federal agency or the Service 
believes the proposed action is likely to cause adverse effects to 
proposed species or critical habitat, inclusive of those that may cause 
jeopardy or adverse modification.
    The results of an informal conference are typically transmitted in 
a conference report; the results of a formal conference are typically 
transmitted in a conference opinion. Conference opinions on proposed 
critical habitat are typically prepared according to 50 CFR 402.14, as 
if the proposed critical habitat were designated. We may adopt the 
conference opinion as the biological opinion when the critical habitat 
is designated if no substantial new information or changes in the 
action alter the content of the opinion (see 50 CFR 402.10(d)). As 
noted above, any conservation recommendations in a conference report or 
opinion are strictly advisory.
    If a species is listed or critical habitat is designated, section 
7(a)(2) of the Act requires Federal agencies to ensure that activities 
they authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to jeopardize the 
continued existence of such a species or to destroy or adversely modify 
its critical habitat. If a Federal action may affect a listed species 
or its critical habitat, the responsible Federal agency (action agency) 
must enter into consultation with us. As a result of this consultation, 
compliance with the requirements of section 7(a)(2) will be documented 
through the Service's issuance of: (1) A concurrence letter for Federal 
actions that may affect, but are not likely to adversely affect, listed 
species or critical habitat; or (2) a biological opinion for Federal 
actions that may affect, but are likely to adversely affect, listed 
species or critical habitat.
    When we issue a biological opinion concluding that a project is 
likely to result in jeopardy to a listed species or the destruction or 
adverse modification of critical habitat, we also provide reasonable 
and prudent alternatives to the project, if any are identifiable. 
``Reasonable and prudent alternatives'' are defined at 50 CFR 402.02 as 
alternative actions identified during consultation that can be 
implemented in a manner consistent with the intended purpose of the 
action, that are consistent with the scope of the Federal agency's 
legal authority and jurisdiction, that are economically and 
technologically feasible, and that the Director believes would avoid 
jeopardy to the listed species or destruction or adverse modification 
of critical habitat. Reasonable and prudent alternatives can vary from 
slight project modifications to extensive redesign or relocation of the 
project. Costs associated with implementing a reasonable and prudent 
alternative are similarly variable.
    Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require Federal agencies to reinitiate 
consultation on previously reviewed actions in instances where a new 
species is listed or critical habitat is subsequently designated that 
may be affected, and the Federal agency has retained discretionary 
involvement or control over the action, or such discretionary 
involvement or control is authorized by law. Consequently, some Federal 
agencies may request reinitiation of consultation with us on actions 
for which formal consultation has been completed, if those actions may 
affect subsequently listed species or designated critical habitat or 
adversely modify or destroy proposed critical habitat.
    Federal activities that may affect the Alameda whipsnake or its 
designated critical habitat will require section 7 consultation under 
the Act. Activities on State, Tribal, local, or private lands requiring 
a Federal permit (such as a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of 
Engineers under section 404 of the Clean Water Act or a permit under 
section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Act from the Service) or involving some 
other Federal action (such as funding from the Federal Highway 
Administration, Federal Aviation Administration, or the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency) will also be subject to the section 7 
consultation process. Federal actions not affecting listed species or 
critical habitat, and actions on State, Tribal, local, or private lands 
that are not federally funded, authorized, or permitted, do not require 
section 7 consultations.

Application of the Jeopardy and Adverse Modification Standards for 
Actions Involving Effects to the Alameda Whipsnake and Its Critical 
Habitat

Jeopardy Standard
    Prior to and following designation of critical habitat, the Service 
applies an analytical framework for Alameda whipsnake jeopardy analyses 
that relies heavily on the importance of core area populations to the 
survival and recovery of the Alameda whipsnake. The section 7(a)(2) 
analysis is focused not only on these populations, but also on the 
habitat conditions necessary to support them.
    The jeopardy analysis usually expresses the survival and recovery 
needs of the Alameda whipsnake in a qualitative fashion without making 
distinctions between what is necessary for survival and what is 
necessary for recovery. Generally, if a proposed Federal action is 
incompatible with the viability of the affected core area 
population(s), inclusive of associated habitat conditions, a jeopardy 
finding is considered to be warranted, because of the relationship of 
each core area population to the survival and recovery of the 
subspecies as a whole.
Adverse Modification Standard
    The analytical framework described in the Director's December 9, 
2004, memorandum is used to complete section 7(a)(2) analyses for 
Federal actions affecting Alameda whipsnake critical habitat. The key 
factor related to the adverse modification determination is whether, 
with implementation of the proposed Federal action, the affected 
critical habitat would remain functional (or retain the current ability 
for the primary constituent elements to be functionally established) to 
serve the intended conservation role for the subspecies. Generally, the 
conservation role of Alameda whipsnake critical habitat units is to 
support viable core area populations.
    Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us to briefly evaluate and 
describe in any proposed or final regulation that designates critical 
habitat those activities involving a Federal action that may destroy or 
adversely modify such habitat, or that may be affected by such 
designation. Activities that may destroy or adversely modify critical 
habitat may also jeopardize the continued existence of the subspecies.
    Activities that may destroy or adversely modify critical habitat 
are those that alter the PCEs to an extent that the conservation value 
of critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake is appreciably reduced. 
Activities that, when carried out, funded, or authorized by a Federal 
agency, may affect critical habitat and therefore result in 
consultation for the Alameda whipsnake include, but are not limited to:
    (1) Actions that would reduce the total amount of shrub/scrub, oak 
woodland, or grassland communities. Such activities could include, but 
are not limited to: Construction of paved or unpaved roads, buildings 
or other commercial or urban development, recreational facilities, or 
any other land use that eliminates the natural vegetation types and 
rock lands that provide PCEs. These actions reduce the available 
habitat for Alameda whipsnake, and result in direct loss of or 
cumulative adverse effects to

[[Page 58197]]

individual snakes, their life cycles and their populations, or their 
prey base.
    (2) Actions that would significantly modify the vegetation mosaic 
pattern. Such activities could include, but are not limited to: Loss of 
scrub due to livestock overgrazing, scrub removal through bulldozing or 
burning; loss of sun-shade mosaic due to fire suppression; introduction 
or spread of non-indigenous plants; prescribed fire; timber harvest; 
off-road vehicle or other recreational use; and other land 
disturbances. These activities could reduce the quality of habitat 
necessary for the growth and reproduction of the Alameda whipsnake 
provided by sun-shade mosaic, which is necessary to sustain snakes and 
their prey populations and also cause direct loss of or cumulative 
adverse effects to individual snakes.
    (3) Actions that would result in complete loss of habitat or would 
impede snake movement by forming partial or complete barriers through 
or between habitat areas. Such activities could include, but are not 
limited to: Road construction; road improvement, right-of-way 
designation, installation of new radio equipment and facilities, 
commercial or urban development, or any other land use within corridors 
that connect units. These activities could eliminate foraging, resting, 
or denning habitat, as well as reduce movement corridors essential for 
genetic exchange and dispersal of Alameda whipsnake. Such activities 
could also lead to increased road kill incidences for the subspecies.
    (4) Actions that would significantly alter or modify the 
functioning of rock lands, talus, or small mammal burrows as Alameda 
whipsnake refugium or prey production. Such activities could include, 
but are not limited to application of rodenticide or other chemicals, 
mining, grading, excavation, or fill. Activities in these areas could 
result in direct losses of, or cumulative adverse effects to, 
individual Alameda whipsnakes, their life cycles, their populations, 
and their prey base.
    (5) Actions that would result in degraded chaparral scrub or oak 
woodland communities. Such activities could include, but are not 
limited to: Urban development, unmanaged fire suppression activities, 
and livestock overgrazing. These activities could reduce the quality of 
habitat essential for reproduction, growth, or shelter of the Alameda 
whipsnakes.
    (6) Actions that result in a discharge of dredged or fill material 
into waters of the United States by the Army Corps under section 404 of 
the Clean Water Act. Such activities could include, but are not limited 
to, placement of fill into wetlands or channelization of stream 
corridors. These activities could eliminate or reduce the habitat 
essential for the reproduction, feeding, or growth of Alameda 
whipsnake. The functions of riparian areas as refugium from fire or as 
dispersal corridors for snakes could be adversely affected by these 
actions.
    We consider all of the units designated as critical habitat, as 
well as those that have been excluded or not included, to contain 
features essential to the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake. All 
units are within the geographic range of the subspecies, all were 
occupied by the subspecies at the time of or since listing, and all are 
likely to be used by the Alameda whipsnake. Federal agencies already 
consult with us on activities in areas currently occupied by the 
Alameda whipsnake, or if the subspecies may be affected by the action, 
to ensure that their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence 
of the Alameda whipsnake. If you have questions regarding whether 
specific activities may constitute adverse modification of critical 
habitat, contact the Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES 
section).

Application of Section 4(a)(3) and Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of 
the Act

    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act states that critical habitat shall be 
designated, and revised, on the basis of the best available scientific 
data after taking into consideration the economic impact, impact on 
national security, and any other relevant impact of specifying any 
particular area as critical habitat. The Secretary may exclude an area 
from critical habitat if he determines that the benefits of such 
exclusion outweigh the benefits of specifying such area as part of the 
critical habitat, unless he determines, based on the best scientific 
data available, that the failure to designate such area as critical 
habitat will result in the extinction of the species. In making that 
determination, the Secretary is afforded broad discretion and the 
Congressional record is clear that in making a determination under the 
section the Secretary has discretion as to which factors and how much 
weight will be given to any factor.
    Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, in considering whether to exclude 
a particular area from the designation, we must identify the benefits 
of including the area in the designation, identify the benefits of 
excluding the area from the designation, and determine whether the 
benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion. If an 
exclusion is contemplated, then we must determine whether excluding the 
area would result in the extinction of the species. In the following 
sections, we address a number of general issues that are relevant to 
the exclusions we considered.

Conservation Partnerships on Non-Federal Lands

    Most federally listed species in the United States will not recover 
without the cooperation of non-Federal landowners. More than 60 percent 
of the United States is privately owned (National Wilderness Institute 
1995), and at least 80 percent of endangered or threatened species 
occur either partially or solely on private lands (Crouse et al. 2002). 
Stein et al. (1995) found that only about 12 percent of listed species 
were found almost exclusively on Federal lands (i.e., 90 to 100 percent 
of their known occurrences restricted to Federal lands) and that 50 
percent of federally listed species are not known to occur on Federal 
lands at all.
    Given the distribution of listed species with respect to land 
ownership, conservation of listed species in many parts of the United 
States is dependent upon working partnerships with a wide variety of 
entities and the voluntary cooperation of many non-Federal landowners 
(Wilcove and Chen 1998; Crouse et al. 2002; James 2002). Building 
partnerships and promoting voluntary cooperation of landowners is 
essential to understanding the status of species on non-Federal lands 
and is necessary to implement recovery actions such as reintroducing 
listed species, habitat restoration, and habitat protection.
    The Service's Four Cs philosophy--conservation through 
communication, consultation, and cooperation--is the foundation for 
developing the tools of conservation. These tools include conservation 
grants, funding for Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, the Coastal 
Program, and cooperative-conservation challenge cost-share grants. Our 
Private Stewardship Grant program and Landowner Incentive Program 
provide assistance to private land owners in their voluntary efforts to 
protect threatened, imperiled, and endangered species, including the 
development and implementation of HCPs.
    Many non-Federal landowners derive satisfaction in contributing to 
endangered species recovery. Many private landowners, however, are wary 
of the possible consequences of encouraging endangered species to live 
on their property, and there is mounting evidence that some regulatory 
actions by the Federal government, while well-intentioned and required 
by law, can

[[Page 58198]]

under certain circumstances have unintended negative consequences for 
the conservation of species on private lands (Wilcove et al. 1996; Bean 
2002; Conner and Mathews 2002; James 2002; Koch 2002; Brook et al. 
2003). Many landowners fear a decline in their property value due to 
real or perceived restrictions on land-use options where threatened or 
endangered species are found. Consequently, harboring endangered 
species is viewed by many landowners as a liability, resulting in anti-
conservation incentives because maintaining habitats that harbor 
endangered species represents a risk to future economic opportunities 
(Main et al. 1999; Brook et al. 2003).
    The purpose of designating critical habitat is to contribute to the 
conservation of threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems 
upon which they depend. The outcome of the designation, triggering 
regulatory requirements for actions funded, authorized, or carried out 
by Federal agencies under section 7 of the Act, can sometimes be 
counterproductive to its intended purpose on non-Federal lands. 
According to some researchers, the designation of critical habitat on 
private lands significantly reduces the likelihood that landowners will 
support and carry out conservation actions (Main et al. 1999; Bean 
2002; Brook et al. 2003). The magnitude of this negative outcome is 
greatly amplified in situations where active management measures (e.g., 
reintroduction, fire management, control of invasive species) are 
necessary for species conservation (Bean 2002).
    The Service believes that the judicious use of excluding specific 
areas of non-federally owned lands from critical habitat designations 
can contribute to species' recovery, and provide a superior level of 
conservation to the designation of critical habitat alone. For example, 
less than 17 percent of Hawaii is federally owned, but the State is 
home to more than 24 percent of all federally listed species, most of 
which will not recover without State and private landowner cooperation. 
Castle and Cooke Resorts, LLC, which owns 99 percent of the island of 
Lanai, entered into a conservation agreement with the Service. The 
conservation agreement provides conservation benefits to target species 
through management actions that remove threats (e.g., axis deer (Cervus 
axix, mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini), rats, and invasive nonnative 
plants) from the Lanaihale and East Lanai Regions. Specific management 
actions include fire control measures, nursery propagation of native 
flora (including the target species), and planting of such flora. These 
actions will significantly improve the habitat for all currently 
occurring species. Due to the low likelihood of a Federal nexus on the 
island, we believe that the benefits of excluding the lands covered by 
the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) exceeded the benefits of including 
them. As stated in the final critical habitat rule for endangered 
plants on the Island of Lanai:

    On Lanai, simply preventing ``harmful activities'' will not slow 
the extinction of listed plant species. Where consistent with the 
discretion provided by the Act, the Service believes it is necessary 
to implement policies that provide positive incentives to private 
landowners to voluntarily conserve natural resources and that remove 
or reduce disincentives to conservation. While the impact of 
providing these incentives may be modest in economic terms, they can 
be significant in terms of conservation benefits that can stem from 
the cooperation of the landowner. The continued participation of 
Castle and Cooke Resorts, LLC, in the existing Lanai Forest and 
Watershed Partnership and other voluntary conservation agreements 
will greatly enhance the Service's ability to further the recovery 
of these endangered plants.

    Conservation agreements with non-Federal landowners (e.g., HCPs, 
contractual conservation agreements, easements, and stakeholder-
negotiated State regulations) enhance species conservation by extending 
species protections beyond those available through section 7 
consultations. In the past decade, we have encouraged non-Federal 
landowners to enter into conservation agreements, based on a view that 
we can achieve greater species conservation on non-Federal land through 
such partnerships than we can through coercive methods (61 FR 63854, 
December 2, 1996).

Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act

    After consideration under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, the following 
areas of essential habitat have been excluded from critical habitat for 
the Alameda whipsnake: Draft East Contra Costa County Habitat 
Conservation Plan and Natural Community Conservation Plan; those East 
Bay Regional Park District lands within Unit 4 of the proposed critical 
habitat; and the Stonebrae Country Club project site. A detailed 
analysis of our exclusion of these lands under section 4(b)(2) of the 
Act is provided in the paragraphs that follow.

General Principles of Section 7 Consultations Used in the 4(b)(2) 
Balancing Process

    The most direct, and potentially largest, regulatory benefit of 
critical habitat is that federally authorized, funded, or carried out 
activities require consultation pursuant to section 7 of the Act to 
ensure that they are not likely to destroy or adversely modify critical 
habitat. There are two limitations to this regulatory effect. First, it 
only applies where there is a Federal nexus--if there is no Federal 
nexus, designation itself does not restrict actions that destroy or 
adversely modify critical habitat. Second, it only limits destruction 
or adverse modification. By its nature, the prohibition on adverse 
modification is designed to ensure those areas that contain the 
physical and biological features essential to the conservation of the 
species, or unoccupied areas that are essential to the conservation of 
the species, are not eroded. Critical habitat designation alone, 
however, does not require specific steps toward recovery.
    Once consultation under section 7 of the Act is triggered, the 
process may conclude informally when the Service concurs in writing 
that the proposed Federal action is not likely to adversely affect the 
listed species or its critical habitat. However, if the Service 
determines through informal consultation that adverse impacts are 
likely to occur, then formal consultation would be initiated. Formal 
consultation concludes with a biological opinion issued by the Service 
on whether the proposed Federal action is likely to jeopardize the 
continued existence of a listed species or result in destruction or 
adverse modification of critical habitat, with separate analyses being 
made under both the jeopardy and the adverse modification standards. 
For critical habitat, a biological opinion that concludes in a 
determination of no destruction or adverse modification may contain 
discretionary conservation recommendations to minimize adverse effects 
to primary constituent elements, but it would not contain any mandatory 
reasonable and prudent measures or terms and conditions. Mandatory 
reasonable and prudent alternatives to the proposed Federal action 
would only be issued when the biological opinion results in a jeopardy 
or adverse modification conclusion.
    We also note that for 30 years prior to the Ninth Circuit Court's 
decision in Gifford Pinchot, the Service equated the jeopardy standard 
with the standard for destruction or adverse modification of critical 
habitat. The Court ruled that the Service could no longer equate the 
two standards, and that adverse modification evaluations require 
consideration of impacts on the recovery of species. Thus, under the 
Gifford Pinchot decision, critical habitat designations may provide 
greater

[[Page 58199]]

benefits to the recovery of a species. However, we believe the 
conservation achieved through implementing regional habitat 
conservation plans or other regional habitat management plans is 
typically greater than would be achieved through multiple site-by-site, 
project-by-project, section 7 consultations involving consideration of 
critical habitat. Management plans commit resources to implement long-
term management and protection to particular habitat for at least one 
and possibly other listed or sensitive species. Section 7 consultations 
only commit Federal agencies to prevent adverse modification to 
critical habitat caused by the particular project, Federal agencies are 
not committed to provide conservation or long-term benefits to areas 
not affected by the proposed project. Thus, any HCP or management plan 
which considers enhancement or recovery as the management standard will 
always provide as much or more benefit than a consultation for critical 
habitat designation conducted under the standards required by the Ninth 
Circuit in the Gifford Pinchot decision.
    The information provided in this section applies to all the 
discussions below on the benefits of inclusion and exclusion of 
critical habitat in that it provides the framework for the consultation 
process.

Educational Benefits of Critical Habitat

    A benefit of including lands in critical habitat is that the 
designation of critical habitat serves to educate landowners, State and 
local governments, and the public regarding the potential conservation 
value of an area. This helps focus and promote conservation efforts by 
other parties by clearly delineating areas of high conservation value 
for the Alameda whipsnake. In general, the educational benefit of a 
critical habitat designation always exists, although in some cases it 
may be redundant with other educational effects. For example, regional 
HCPs have significant public input, and may largely duplicate the 
educational benefit of a critical habitat designation. This benefit is 
closely related to a second, more indirect benefit: That designation of 
critical habitat would inform State agencies and local governments 
about areas that could be conserved under State laws or local 
ordinances.
    However, we believe that there would be little additional 
informational benefit gained from the designation of critical habitat 
for the exclusions we are making in this rule, because these areas were 
included in the proposed rule as having habitat containing the features 
essential to the conservation of the species. Consequently, we believe 
that the informational benefits are already provided even though these 
areas are not designated as critical habitat. Additionally, the purpose 
normally served by the designation of critical habitat for the Alameda 
whipsnake of informing State agencies and local governments about areas 
which would benefit from protection and enhancement of habitat is 
already well established among the Federal, State, and local government 
agencies in those areas that we are excluding from critical habitat in 
this rule on the basis of other existing habitat management 
protections.
    The information provided in this section applies to all the 
discussions below concerning the benefits of inclusion and exclusion of 
critical habitat.

Benefits of Excluding Lands With HCPs or Other Approved Management 
Plans From Critical Habitat

    The benefits of excluding lands with HCPs or other approved 
management plans from critical habitat designation include relieving 
landowners, communities, and counties of any additional regulatory 
burden that might be imposed by a critical habitat designation. Most 
HCPs and other conservation plans take many years to develop and, upon 
completion, are consistent with the recovery objectives for listed 
species covered within the plan area. In fact, designating critical 
habitat in areas covered by a pending HCP or conservation plan could 
result in the loss of some species' benefits if participants abandon 
the planning process, in part because of the strength of the perceived 
additional regulatory compliance that such designation would entail. 
The time and cost of regulatory compliance for a critical habitat 
designation do not have to be quantified for them to be perceived as 
additional Federal regulatory burden sufficient to discourage continued 
participation in plans targeting listed species' conservation.
    Many conservation plans provide conservation benefits to unlisted 
sensitive species. Imposing an additional regulatory review as a result 
of the designation of critical habitat may undermine conservation 
efforts and partnerships in many areas. Designation of critical habitat 
within the boundaries of management plans that provide conservation 
measures for a species could be viewed as a disincentive to those 
entities currently developing these plans or contemplating them in the 
future, because one of the incentives for undertaking conservation is 
greater ease of permitting where listed species are affected. Addition 
of a new regulatory requirement would remove a significant incentive 
for undertaking the time and expense of management planning.
    A related benefit of excluding lands within management plans from 
critical habitat designation is the unhindered, continued ability to 
seek new partnerships with future plan participants, including States, 
counties, local jurisdictions, conservation organizations, and private 
landowners, which together can implement conservation actions that we 
would be unable to accomplish otherwise. If lands within approved 
management plan areas are designated as critical habitat, it would 
likely have a negative effect on our ability to establish new 
partnerships to develop these plans, particularly plans that address 
landscape-level conservation of species and habitats. By preemptively 
excluding these lands, we preserve our current partnerships and 
encourage additional conservation actions in the future.
    Furthermore, an HCP or NCCP/HCP application must itself be 
consulted upon. Such a consultation would review the effects of all 
activities covered by the HCP which might adversely impact the species 
under a jeopardy standard, including possibly significant habitat 
modification (see definition of ``harm'' at 50 CFR 17.3), even without 
the critical habitat designation. In addition, Federal actions not 
covered by the HCP in areas occupied by listed species would still 
require consultation under section 7 of the Act, and would be reviewed 
for possibly significant habitat modification in accordance with the 
definition of harm referenced above.
    The information provided in this section applies to all the 
discussions below that discuss the benefits of inclusion and exclusion 
of critical habitat.

Relationship of Critical Habitat to Habitat Conservation Plan Lands--
Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act

Draft East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservation Plan and Natural 
Community Conservation Plan (ECCHCP/NCCP)
    The draft ECCHCP/NCCP was released to the public on September 6, 
2005. We expect a finalized plan before the end of December 2006. 
Participants in this HCP include the County of Contra Costa; the cities 
of Brentwood, Clayton, Oakley, and Pittsburg, California; and the 
Contra Costa Water District. The draft ECCHCP/NCCP encompasses the 
eastern portion of

[[Page 58200]]

Contra Costa County from approximately west of Concord to Sand Mound 
Slough and Clifton Court Forebay on the east. The draft ECCHCP is also 
a subregional plan under the State's Natural Community Conservation 
Planning (NCCP) process and was developed in cooperation with the 
California Department of Fish and Game. The draft ECCHCP/NCCP 
identifies the Alameda whipsnake as a covered species and has 
identified areas where growth and development are expected to occur, as 
well as several conservation measures, including: (1) Preserving 
between 12,254 and 13,983 ac (4,959 to 5,659 ha) of Alameda whipsnake 
habitat; (2) preserving major habitat connections linking existing 
public lands; (3) incorporating a range of habitat and population 
management and enhancement measures including, but not limited to, 
monitoring, prescribed burning, exotic plant control, native grass 
restoration, and recreational use controls; (4) fully mitigating the 
impacts to covered species; (5) maintaining ecosystem processes; and 
(6) contributing to the recovery of covered species. When the 
conservation measures are implemented, they will benefit Alameda 
whipsnake conservation by preserving and restoring or enhancing habitat 
for the species. We expect that the draft ECCHCP/NCCP, when finalized, 
will provide substantial protection for all three of the primary 
constituent elements for the Alameda whipsnake, and that protected 
lands will receive the special management they require through funding 
mechanisms that will be implemented under the ECCHCP/NCCP. In total, we 
are excluding approximately 42,665 ac (17,265 ha) of land from Unit 4 
in Contra Costa County.

Benefits of Exclusion Outweigh the Benefits of Inclusion

    The conservation measures in the ECCHCP/NCCP will provide 
substantial protection of the PCEs and special management of essential 
habitat for the Alameda whipsnake on ECCHCP conservation lands. We 
expect the ECCHCP/NCCP to provide a greater level of management for the 
Alameda whipsnake on private lands than would designation of critical 
habitat on private lands due to its large scale planning effort and 
cooperation with local landowners rather than the piece meal approach 
of section 7 consultation process. Moreover, inclusion of these non-
Federal lands as critical habitat would not necessitate additional 
management and conservation activities that would exceed the approved 
ECCHCP/NCCP and its implementing agreement as these measures would be 
identified and be part of the conservation strategy identified in the 
ECCHCP/NCCP. As a result, we do not anticipate any action on these 
lands would destroy or adversely modify the areas designated as 
critical habitat. Therefore, we do not expect that including those 
areas in the final designation would lead to any changes to actions on 
the conservation lands to avoid destroying or adversely modifying that 
habitat.
    The exclusion of these lands from critical habitat will help 
preserve the partnerships that we have developed with the local 
jurisdiction and project proponent in the development of the draft 
ECCHCP/NCCP. The educational benefits of critical habitat, including 
informing the public of areas that are essential for the long-term 
conservation of the subspecies, are still accomplished from material 
provided on our Web site and through public notice-and-comment 
procedures required to establish the ECCHCP/NCCP. For these reasons, we 
believe that designating critical habitat has little benefit in areas 
covered by the draft ECCHCP/NCCP.
    We have reviewed and evaluated the conservation measures identified 
for the Alameda whipsnake identified in the draft ECCHCP/NCCP as well 
as the benefits of inclusion and exclusion of critical habitat for the 
Alameda whipsnake. Based on this evaluation, we find that the benefits 
of exclusion of the lands containing features essential to the 
conservation of the Alameda whipsnake in the planning area for the 
draft ECCHCP/NCCP outweigh the benefits of including those portions of 
the draft ECCHCP/NCCP area within Unit 4 as critical habitat.

Exclusion Will Not Result in Extinction of the Species

    We have determined that this exclusion would not result in the 
extinction of the subspecies because the draft ECCHCP/NCCP seeks to: 
(1) Preserve between 12,254 to 13,983 ac (4,959 to 5,659 ha) of Alameda 
whipsnake habitat; (2) preserve major habitat connections linking 
existing public lands; (3) incorporate a range of habitat and 
population management and enhancement measures including monitoring, 
prescribed burning, and recreational use controls; (4) fully mitigate 
the impacts to covered species; (5) maintain ecosystem processes; and 
(6) contribute to the recovery of covered species.
    Actions which might adversely affect the subspecies would be 
minimized and coordinated large scale conservation measures would be 
implemented through the ECCHCP/NCCP. The ECCHCP/NCCP would undergo an 
intra-Service consultation under section 7 of the Act. The jeopardy 
standard of section 7 of the Act, and routine implementation of habitat 
preservation through the section 7 process, provide assurance that the 
subspecies will not go extinct. In addition, the subspecies is 
protected from the take prohibitions under section 9 of the Act. The 
exclusion leaves these protections unchanged from those that would 
exist if the excluded areas were designated as critical habitat.
    The subspecies occurs on lands protected and managed either 
explicitly for the subspecies or its habitat, or indirectly through 
more general objectives to protect natural values. This factor acts in 
concert with the other protections provided under the Act for these 
lands absent designation of critical habitat on them, and acts in 
concert with protections afforded the subspecies by the remaining 
critical habitat designation for the subspecies, which leads us to find 
that exclusion of these lands will not result in extinction of the 
Alameda whipsnake. We do not believe that this exclusion would result 
in the extinction of the subspecies because the subspecies is found in 
other areas, and the ECCHCP/NCCP provides for coordinated monitoring 
and conservation of rare, threatened, and endangered species, including 
the Alameda whipsnake.

Relationship of Critical Habitat to Approved Management Plans--
Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act

East Bay Regional Park District Lands
    The EBRPD manages 65 regional parks, recreation areas, wilderness, 
shorelines, preserves, and land bank areas covering over 95,000 ac 
(34,446 ha) in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. The EBRPD Board of 
Directors adopted the EBRPD Plan on December 17, 1996, under Resolution 
Number 1996-12-349. The EBRPD Plan provides for monitoring and 
conservation of rare, threatened, and endangered species, including the 
Alameda whipsnake. Species conservation efforts take precedence over 
other park activities if EBRPD activities are determined to have a 
significant adverse effect on rare, threatened, or endangered species 
(EBRPD 1997).

Benefits of Exclusion Outweigh the Benefits of Inclusion

    We expect the EBRPD to provide substantial protection of the PCEs 
and

[[Page 58201]]

special management of essential habitat for the Alameda whipsnake on 
EBRPD lands within Unit 4. We expect the EBRPD to provide a greater 
level of management for the Alameda whipsnake on private lands than 
would designation of critical habitat on private lands. Moreover, 
inclusion of these non-Federal lands as critical habitat would not 
necessitate additional management and conservation activities beyond 
those already in place by the EBRPD. The EBRPD Plan provides for 
monitoring and conservation of rare, threatened, and endangered 
species, including the Alameda whipsnake. EBRPD has been actively 
involved in acquisition, preservation, and management of whipsnake 
habitat in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, and has been a 
participant over the last 14 years on the Alameda whipsnake recovery 
team. Vegetation management using several methods, research on the 
effects of such management, restricting access to some sensitive areas, 
and habitat enhancement activities on mitigation lands are special 
management actions the EBRPD has used and continues to use for the 
conservation of the Alameda whipsnake. Examples of such efforts in Unit 
4 include the Clayton Ranch and Shell Pipeline Resource Enhancement 
Projects. Nearly 90 percent of the EBRPD land holdings are protected 
and managed as natural parklands, thereby providing protection for the 
PCEs (Bobzien 2005). As a result, we do not anticipate any action on 
these lands would destroy or adversely modify the areas designated as 
critical habitat. Therefore, we do not expect that including those 
areas in the final designation will lead to any changes to actions on 
the conservation lands to avoid destroying or adversely modifying that 
habitat.
    The exclusion of these lands from critical habitat would help 
preserve the partnerships that we have developed with the EBRPD. The 
educational benefits of critical habitat, including informing the 
public of areas that are essential for the long-term conservation of 
the subspecies, are still accomplished from material provided on our 
Web site and through public notice-and-comment procedures. The public 
also has been informed through the public participation that occurred 
during the development of the proposed designation and previous listing 
and critical habitat actions for the subspecies. For these reasons, we 
believe that designating critical habitat within Unit 4 has little 
benefit in areas managed by the EBRPD.
    We have evaluated the conservation measures for Alameda whipsnake 
identified by the EBRPD. Based on this evaluation, we currently find 
that the benefits of excluding those portions of Unit 4 considered 
essential to the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake within the 
boundaries of the EBRPD land outweigh the benefits of including those 
portions of land as critical habitat.

Exclusion Will Not Result in Extinction of the Subspecies

    We have determined that exclusion of EBRPD lands within Unit 4, 
although considered occupied habitat, would not result in the 
extinction of the Alameda whipsnake. Actions that might adversely 
affect the subspecies are expected to have a Federal nexus, and would 
thus undergo a consultation with the Service under section 7 of the 
Act. The jeopardy standard of section 7 of the Act, and routine 
implementation of habitat preservation through the section 7 process, 
provide assurance that the subspecies will not go extinct. In addition, 
the subspecies is protected by the take prohibitions under section 9 of 
the Act. The exclusion leaves these protections unchanged from those 
that would exist if the excluded areas were designated as critical 
habitat.
    The subspecies occurs on lands protected and managed either 
explicitly for the subspecies or its habitat, or indirectly through 
more general objectives to protect natural values. This factor acts in 
concert with the other protections provided under the Act for these 
lands absent designation of critical habitat on them, and acts in 
concert with protections afforded the subspecies by the remaining 
critical habitat designation for the subspecies, which leads us to find 
that exclusion of these lands will not result in extinction of the 
Alameda whipsnake. We do not believe that this exclusion would result 
in the extinction of the subspecies because the subspecies is found in 
other areas, and the EBRPD Plan provides for monitoring and 
conservation of rare, threatened, and endangered species, including the 
Alameda whipsnake. EBRPD has been actively involved in acquisition, 
preservation, and management of whipsnake habitat in Alameda and Contra 
Costa Counties, and has been a participant over the last 14 years on 
the Alameda whipsnake recovery team. Vegetation management using 
several methods, research on the effects of such management, 
restricting access to some sensitive areas, and habitat enhancement 
activities on mitigation lands are special management actions the EBRPD 
has used and continues to use for the conservation of the Alameda 
whipsnake. Examples of such efforts in Unit 4 include the Clayton Ranch 
and Shell Pipeline Resource Enhancement Projects. Nearly 90 percent of 
the EBRPD land holdings are protected and managed as natural parklands, 
thereby providing protection for the PCEs (Bobzien 2005). Species 
conservation efforts take precedence over other park activities if 
EBRPD activities are determined to have a significant adverse effect on 
rare, threatened, or endangered species (EBRPD 1997).
Stonebrae Country Club Project Unit 3
    A portion of Unit 3 warrants exclusion from the final critical 
habitat designation. Approximately 1,609 ac (651 ha) has been 
considered under a Biological Opinion for the Stonebrae Country Club 
project site (formerly Blue Rock Country Club) issued by the Service on 
July 12, 2002 (Service File Number 1-1-01-F-0275). The project will 
develop a golf course, residences, and associated infrastructures, on 
302 ac (122 ha), about 1,197 ac (484 ha) will be dedicated as open 
space, and 110 ac (45 ha) will be managed as native vegetation buffer 
between the golf course and open space. The open space contains PCEs 
identified in this final rule, and will be managed to protect those 
features. Measures will be undertaken to enhance the quality of this 
habitat, reduce the effects of adjacent development on Alameda 
whipsnake, and monitor and adaptively manage the habitat for the 
Alameda whipsnake. The various measures include but are not limited to 
management of vegetation, grazing, fuels reduction, and unauthorized 
vehicle access. This management will assist in maintaining the 
essential features found on these lands. Based on information received 
during the public comment period and GIS analysis, the area we 
evaluated for exclusion is 1,585 ac (641 ha), which is the area of the 
project which overlaps the proposed critical habitat designation.

Benefits of Inclusion

    There is minimal benefit from designating critical habitat for 
Alameda whipsnake within the open space or buffer areas because these 
lands are already managed for the conservation of the Alameda whipsnake 
under the Biological Opinion. A possible benefit of designation as 
critical habitat would be to educate the public, including landowners, 
regarding the conservation values of these areas and the habitat they 
support. This may provide incentive towards conservation efforts of 
other parties by delineating areas of high conservation value for 
Alameda whipsnake. However, the area will

[[Page 58202]]

already be dedicated to the EBRPD and will be managed as public open 
space in perpetuity, and funding for such management has been provided. 
The education benefits of critical habitat designation will largely be 
achieved through the proposed rule, public comment period, and 
responses. Accordingly, the incremental educational benefits of 
designating critical habitat on this property are small.
    Designation of critical habitat on the property would require 
consultation with us for any action undertaken, authorized, or funded 
by a Federal agency that may affect the species or its designated 
critical habitat. However, such a formal consultation has already been 
completed, and includes sufficient, specific management considerations 
to ensure the future protection and management of this habitat, as well 
as a requirement for reinitiation of consultation should the amount of 
incidental take be exceeded, new information reveals effects of the 
agency action on Alameda whipsnake in a manner or extent not considered 
in the Biological Opinion, or the agency action is subsequently 
modified in a manner that causes an effect other than that considered 
in the Biological Opinion. Therefore, the benefit from additional 
consultation resulting from designation of critical habitat of this 
property is minimal.

Benefits of Exclusion

    While a consultation requirement associated with critical habitat 
on an already-protected open space area would provide little benefit, 
it would consume financial and staff resources that could be used for 
other activities such as on-the-ground management of listed or 
sensitive species, including the Alameda whipsnake. One benefit of 
exclusion would be to eliminate the need for a separate analysis of the 
effects of an action on critical habitat in future consultations. The 
open space areas already are currently managed through proposed 
conservation measures described in a Mitigation and Monitoring Plan 
(MMP), which will ensure that the 1,197 ac (484 ha) of habitat will be 
managed in perpetuity through the application of specific measures to 
preserve and optimize habitat values for the Alameda whipsnake. Such 
measures include a Resource Management Plan for livestock grazing and 
scrub management, rock outcrop augmentation, design features for the 
golf course and paths, construction fencing, snake trapping and 
relocation, and reporting. These measures sufficiently address all 
special management considerations that would apply to designated 
critical habitat. These measures are required to be implemented as they 
are part of the project description in the Biological Opinion. 
Therefore, the benefits of exclusion include relieving the regulatory 
burden and cost that might be imposed by critical habitat designation, 
which could divert resources from substantive resource protection 
efforts elsewhere to procedural regulatory efforts where such 
protection has already been achieved.

Benefits of Exclusion Outweigh the Benefits of Inclusion

    Based on the above considerations, and consistent with the 
direction provided in section 4(b)(2) of the Act and the Federal 
District Court decision concerning critical habitat (Center for 
Biological Diversity v. Norton, Civ. No. 01-409 TUC DCB D. Ariz. Jan. 
13, 2003), we have determined that the benefits of excluding the 
Stonebrae Country Club project area as critical habitat outweigh the 
benefits of including it as critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake. 
The area where the whipsnake is known to occur is already managed to 
protect and enhance habitat specifically for the Alameda whipsnake 
(e.g., rock outcrop augmentation, monitoring and providing monitoring 
reports, managing grazing and scrub). Exclusion of these lands will not 
increase the likelihood that some other activity would be proposed that 
would appreciably diminish the value of the habitat for the 
conservation of the species. In addition, we believe that critical 
habitat designation provides little gain in the way of increased public 
recognition for special habitat values on lands that are expressly 
managed to protect and enhance those values and would deter other local 
conservation efforts for the Alameda whipsnake in the Unit. We do not 
believe that this exclusion would result in the extinction of the 
subspecies because the MMP and dedication of conservation lands to 
EBRPD will preserve about 1,197 ac (484 ha) of habitat, enhance or 
augment rock outcrops, enhance grasslands and scrublands through 
grazing, thinning, or prescribed burns, and provide for regular 
monitoring and reporting.

Economic Analysis

    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act requires us to designate critical 
habitat on the basis of the best scientific information available and 
to consider the economic and other relevant impacts of designating a 
particular area as critical habitat. We may exclude areas from critical 
habitat upon a determination that the benefits of such exclusions 
outweigh the benefits of specifying such areas as critical habitat. We 
cannot exclude such areas from critical habitat when such exclusion 
will result in the extinction of the species concerned.
    After publication of the proposed critical habitat designation, we 
announced the availability of an economic analysis that estimated the 
potential economic effect of the designation. The draft analysis was 
made available for public review and comment on May 4, 2006 (71 FR 
26311). We accepted comments on the draft analysis until June 5, 2006.
    The primary purpose of the economic analysis is to estimate the 
potential economic impacts associated with the designation of critical 
habitat for the Alameda whipsnake. This information is intended to 
assist the Secretary in making decisions about whether the benefits of 
excluding particular areas from the designation outweigh the benefits 
of including those areas in the designation based on potential economic 
impacts of the regulation under consideration. This economic analysis 
considers the economic efficiency effects that may result from the 
designation, including habitat protections that may be co-extensive 
with the listing of the species. It also addresses distribution of 
impacts, including an assessment of the potential effects on small 
entities and the energy industry. This information can be used by the 
Secretary to assess whether the effects of the designation might unduly 
burden a particular group or economic sector.
    This analysis focuses on the direct and indirect costs of the rule. 
However, economic impacts to land use activities can exist in the 
absence of critical habitat. These impacts may result from, for 
example, local zoning laws, State and natural resource laws, and 
enforceable management plans and best management practices applied by 
other State and Federal agencies. Economic impacts that result from 
these types of protections are not included in the analysis as they are 
considered to be part of the regulatory and policy baseline.
    We received comments on the draft economic analysis of the proposed 
designation. Following the close of the comment period, we reviewed and 
considered the public comments and information we received and prepared 
responses to those comments (see Responses to Comments section above) 
or incorporated the information or changes directly into this final 
rule or our final economic analysis.

[[Page 58203]]

    The May 4, 2006, notice (71 FR 26311) provides a detailed economics 
section that estimates an economic impact of the proposed designation 
on land development of $531,775,546, or $46,912,009 annualized over 20 
years. The revised impact on public projects is $524,972. The total 
revised cost of the proposed designation is $532,300,518. We evaluated 
the potential economic impact of this designation as identified in the 
draft analysis. Based on this evaluation, we believe that there are no 
disproportionate economic impacts that warrant exclusion pursuant to 
section 4(b)(2) of the Act at this time.
    A copy of the economic analysis with supporting documents is 
available and may be obtained by contacting U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES section).

Required Determinations

Regulatory Planning and Review

    In accordance with Executive Order 12866, this document is a 
significant rule because it may raise novel legal and policy issues. On 
the basis of the final economic analysis, we have determined that the 
potential economic impacts of this designation is approximately 
$532,300,518. As such, this designation will not have an annual effect 
on the economy of $100 million or more or affect the economy in a 
material way. Due to the tight timeline for publication in the Federal 
Register, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has not formally 
reviewed this rule.
    Further, Executive Order 12866 directs Federal Agencies 
promulgating regulations to evaluate regulatory alternatives (Office of 
Management and Budget, Circular A-4, September 17, 2003). Pursuant to 
Circular A-4, once it has been determined that the Federal regulatory 
action is appropriate, the agency will need to consider alternative 
regulatory approaches. Since the determination of critical habitat is a 
statutory requirement under the Act, we must then evaluate alternative 
regulatory approaches, where feasible, when promulgating a designation 
of critical habitat.
    In developing our designations of critical habitat, we consider 
economic impacts, impacts to national security, and other relevant 
impacts under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. Based on the discretion 
allowable under this provision, we may exclude any particular area from 
the designation of critical habitat providing that the benefits of such 
exclusion outweigh the benefits of specifying the area as critical 
habitat and that such exclusion would not result in the extinction of 
the species. As such, we believe that the evaluation of the inclusion 
or exclusion of particular areas, or combination thereof, in a 
designation constitutes our regulatory alternative analysis.
    As explained above, we prepared an economic analysis of this 
action. We used this analysis to meet the requirement of section 
4(b)(2) of the Act to determine the economic consequences of 
designating the specific areas as critical habitat. We also used it to 
help determine whether to exclude any area from critical habitat, as 
provided for under section 4(b)(2). We evaluated the potential economic 
impact of this designation as identified in the draft analysis. Based 
on this evaluation, we believe that there are no disproportionate 
economic impacts that warrant exclusion pursuant to section 4(b)(2) of 
the Act at this time.

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (as amended by the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996), 
whenever an agency is required to publish a notice of rulemaking for 
any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make available for 
public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the 
effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small 
organizations, and small government jurisdictions). However, no 
regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of an agency 
certifies the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. The SBREFA amended the RFA to 
require Federal agencies to provide a statement of factual basis for 
certifying that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on 
a substantial number of small entities. The SBREFA also amended the RFA 
to require a certification statement.
    Small entities include small organizations, such as independent 
nonprofit organizations; small governmental jurisdictions, including 
school boards and city and town governments that serve fewer than 
50,000 residents; as well as small businesses. Small businesses include 
manufacturing and mining concerns with fewer than 500 employees, 
wholesale trade entities with fewer than 100 employees, retail and 
service businesses with less than $5 million in annual sales, general 
and heavy construction businesses with less than $27.5 million in 
annual business, special trade contractors doing less than $11.5 
million in annual business, and agricultural businesses with annual 
sales less than $750,000. To determine if potential economic impacts to 
these small entities are significant, we consider the types of 
activities that might trigger regulatory impacts under this rule, as 
well as the types of project modifications that may result. In general, 
the term ``significant economic impact'' is meant to apply to a typical 
small business firm's business operations.
    To determine if the rule could significantly affect a substantial 
number of small entities, we considered the number of small entities 
affected within particular types of economic activities (e.g., housing 
development, grazing, oil and gas production, timber harvesting). We 
applied the ``substantial number'' test individually to each industry 
to determine if certification is appropriate. However, the SBREFA does 
not explicitly define ``substantial number'' or ``significant economic 
impact.'' Consequently, to assess whether a ``substantial number'' of 
small entities is affected by this designation, this analysis considers 
the relative number of small entities likely to be impacted in an area. 
In some circumstances, especially with critical habitat designations of 
limited extent, we may aggregate across all industries and consider 
whether the total number of small entities affected is substantial. In 
estimating the number of small entities potentially affected, we also 
consider whether their activities have any Federal involvement.
    Designation of critical habitat only affects activities conducted, 
funded, or permitted by Federal agencies. Some kinds of activities are 
unlikely to have any Federal involvement and so will not be affected by 
critical habitat designation. In areas where the species is present, 
Federal agencies already are required to consult with us under section 
7 of the Act on activities they fund, permit, or implement that may 
affect the Alameda whipsnake. Federal agencies also must consult with 
us if their activities may affect critical habitat. Designation of 
critical habitat, therefore, could result in an additional economic 
impact on small entities due to the requirement to reinitiate 
consultation for ongoing Federal activities.
    The designation of critical habitat is not expected to result in 
significant small business impacts since revenue losses would be less 
than 1 percent of total small business revenues in affected areas. The 
impacts on small business, small governments, and small nonprofits are 
expected to be negligible. The annual number of affected small

[[Page 58204]]

firms is less than one for all four counties examined. Consequently, 
less than one small firm is projected to have annual revenue losses 
equal to their expected annual revenues as a consequence of critical 
habitat designation.
    In general, two different mechanisms in section 7 consultations 
could lead to additional regulatory requirements for the approximately 
four small businesses, on average, that may be required to consult with 
us each year regarding a project's impact on the Alameda whipsnake and 
its habitat. First, if we conclude, in a biological opinion, that a 
proposed action is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a 
species or adversely modify its critical habitat, we can offer 
``reasonable and prudent alternatives.'' Reasonable and prudent 
alternatives are alternative actions that can be implemented in a 
manner consistent with the scope of the Federal agency's legal 
authority and jurisdiction, that are economically and technologically 
feasible, and that would avoid jeopardizing the continued existence of 
listed species or result in adverse modification of critical habitat. A 
Federal agency and an applicant may elect to implement a reasonable and 
prudent alternative associated with a biological opinion that has found 
jeopardy or adverse modification of critical habitat. An agency or 
applicant could alternatively choose to seek an exemption from the 
requirements of the Act or proceed without implementing the reasonable 
and prudent alternative. However, unless an exemption were obtained, 
the Federal agency or applicant would be at risk of violating section 
7(a)(2) of the Act if it chose to proceed without implementing the 
reasonable and prudent alternatives.
    Second, if we find that a proposed action is not likely to 
jeopardize the continued existence of a listed animal or plant species, 
we may identify reasonable and prudent measures designed to minimize 
the amount or extent of take and require the Federal agency or 
applicant to implement such measures through non-discretionary terms 
and conditions. We may also identify discretionary conservation 
recommendations designed to minimize or avoid the adverse effects of a 
proposed action on listed species or critical habitat, help implement 
recovery plans, or to develop information that could contribute to the 
recovery of the species.
    Based on our experience with consultations pursuant to section 7 of 
the Act for all listed species, virtually all projects--including those 
that, in their initial proposed form, would result in jeopardy or 
adverse modification determinations in section 7 consultations--can be 
implemented successfully with, at most, the adoption of reasonable and 
prudent alternatives. These measures, by definition, must be 
economically feasible and within the scope of authority of the Federal 
agency involved in the consultation. We can only describe the general 
kinds of actions that may be identified in future reasonable and 
prudent alternatives. These are based on our understanding of the needs 
of the subspecies and the threats it faces, as described in the final 
listing rule (62 FR 64306) and this critical habitat designation. 
Within the final critical habitat units, the types of Federal actions 
or authorized activities that we have identified as potential concerns 
are:
    (1) Regulation of activities affecting waters of the United States 
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under section 404 of the Clean 
Water Act;
    (2) Regulation of water flows, damming, diversion, and 
channelization implemented or licensed by Federal agencies;
    (3) Road construction and maintenance, right-of-way designation, 
and regulation of agricultural activities;
    (4) Hazard mitigation and post-disaster repairs funded by the FEMA; 
and
    (5) Activities funded by the EPA, U.S. Department of Energy, or any 
other Federal agency.
    It is likely that a developer or other project proponent could 
modify a project or take measures to protect Alameda whipsnakes. The 
kinds of actions that may be included if future reasonable and prudent 
alternatives become necessary include conservation set-asides, 
management of competing non-native species, restoration of degraded 
habitat, and regular monitoring. These are based on our understanding 
of the needs of the species and the threats it faces, as described in 
the final listing rule (62 FR 64306) and proposed critical habitat 
designation (70 FR 60607). These measures are not likely to result in a 
significant economic impact to project proponents.
    In summary, we have considered whether this rule would result in a 
significant economic effect on a substantial number of small entities. 
We have determined, for the above reasons and based on currently 
available information, that it is not likely to affect a substantial 
number of small entities. Federal involvement, and thus section 7 
consultations, would be limited to a subset of the area designated. The 
most likely Federal involvement could include U.S. Army Corps of 
Engineers permits, permits we may issue under section 10(a)(1)(B) of 
the Act, FHA funding for road improvements, hydropower licenses issued 
by FERC, and activities performed by the Department of Energy. A 
regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (5 U.S.C 801 et 
seq.)

    Under SBREFA, this rule is not a major rule. Our detailed 
assessment of the economic effects of this designation is described in 
the economic analysis. Based on the effects identified in the economic 
analysis, we believe that this rule will not have an annual effect on 
the economy of $100 million or more, will not cause a major increase in 
costs or prices for consumers, and will not have significant adverse 
effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, 
innovation, or the ability of U.S.-based enterprises to compete with 
foreign-based enterprises. Refer to the final economic analysis for a 
discussion of the effects of this determination (see ADDRESSES section 
for information on obtaining a copy of the final economic analysis).

Executive Order 13211

    On May 18, 2001, the President issued Executive Order 13211 on 
regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, and 
use. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of 
Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions. On the basis of the 
information obtained during the development of the economic analysis 
and public comment periods for this rulemaking, we have determined that 
this final rule to designate critical habitat for the Alameda whipsnake 
is not expected to significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, 
or use. Therefore, this action is not a significant energy action and 
no Statement of Energy Effects is required.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.)

    In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 
et seq.), we make the following findings:
    (a) This rule will not produce a Federal mandate. In general, a 
Federal mandate is a provision in legislation, statute, or regulation 
that would impose an enforceable duty upon State, local, Tribal 
governments, or the private sector and includes both ``Federal 
intergovernmental mandates'' and ``Federal private sector mandates.'' 
These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. 658(5)-(7). ``Federal 
intergovernmental mandate'' includes a regulation that

[[Page 58205]]

``would impose an enforceable duty upon State, local, or tribal 
governments,'' with two exceptions. It excludes ``a condition of 
Federal assistance.'' It also excludes ``a duty arising from 
participation in a voluntary Federal program,'' unless the regulation 
``relates to a then-existing Federal program under which $500,000,000 
or more is provided annually to State, local, and tribal governments 
under entitlement authority,'' if the provision would ``increase the 
stringency of conditions of assistance'' or ``place caps upon, or 
otherwise decrease, the Federal Government's responsibility to provide 
funding'' and the State, local, or Tribal governments ``lack 
authority'' to adjust accordingly. (At the time of enactment, these 
entitlement programs were: Medicaid; AFDC work programs; Child 
Nutrition; Food Stamps; Social Services Block Grants; Vocational 
Rehabilitation State Grants; Foster Care, Adoption Assistance, and 
Independent Living; Family Support Welfare Services; and Child Support 
Enforcement.) ``Federal private sector mandate'' includes a regulation 
that ``would impose an enforceable duty upon the private sector, except 
(i) a condition of Federal assistance; or (ii) a duty arising from 
participation in a voluntary Federal program.''
    The designation of critical habitat does not impose a legally 
binding duty on non-Federal government entities or private parties. 
Under the Act, the only regulatory effect is that Federal agencies must 
ensure that their actions do not destroy or adversely modify critical 
habitat under section 7. While non-Federal entities who receive Federal 
funding, assistance, or permits or otherwise require approval or 
authorization from a Federal agency for an action, may be indirectly 
impacted by the designation of critical habitat, the legally binding 
duty to avoid destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat 
rests squarely on the Federal agency. Furthermore, to the extent that 
non-Federal entities are indirectly impacted because they receive 
Federal assistance or participate in a voluntary Federal aid program, 
the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would not apply; nor would critical 
habitat shift the costs of the large entitlement programs listed above 
on to State governments.
    (b) We do not believe that this rule will significantly or uniquely 
affect small governments because it will not produce a Federal mandate 
of $100 million or greater in any year, that is, it is not a 
``significant regulatory action'' under the Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act. The designation of critical habitat imposes no obligations on 
State or local governments. As such, Small Government Agency Plan is 
not required.

Federalism

    In accordance with Executive Order 13132, the rule does not have 
significant Federalism effects. A Federalism assessment is not 
required. In keeping with Department of the Interior and Department of 
Commerce policy, we requested information from, and coordinated 
development of, this final critical habitat designation with 
appropriate State resource agencies in California. The designation of 
critical habitat in areas currently occupied by the Alameda whipsnake 
may impose nominal additional regulatory restrictions to those 
currently in place and, therefore, may have little incremental impact 
on State and local governments and their activities. The designation 
may have some benefit to these governments in that the areas that 
contain the features essential to the conservation of the subspecies 
are more clearly defined, and the primary constituent elements of the 
habitat necessary to the conservation of the subspecies are 
specifically identified. While making this definition and 
identification does not alter where and what federally sponsored 
activities may occur, it may assist these local governments in long-
range planning (rather than local governments waiting for case-by-case 
section 7 consultations to occur).

Civil Justice Reform

    In accordance with Executive Order 12988, the Office of the 
Solicitor has determined that the rule does not unduly burden the 
judicial system and meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) 
of the Order. We are designating critical habitat in accordance with 
the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. This final rule uses 
standard property descriptions and identifies the primary constituent 
elements within the designated areas to assist the public in 
understanding the habitat needs of the Alameda whipsnake.

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)

    This rule does not contain any new collections of information that 
require approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act. This rule 
will not impose recordkeeping or reporting requirements on State or 
local governments, individuals, businesses, or organizations. An agency 
may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, 
a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB 
control number.

National Environmental Policy Act

    It is our position that, outside the Tenth Circuit, we do not need 
to prepare environmental analyses as defined by the NEPA in connection 
with designating critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act of 
1973, as amended. We published a notice outlining our reasons for this 
determination in the Federal Register on October 25, 1983 (48 FR 
49244). This assertion was upheld in the courts of the Ninth Circuit 
(Douglas County v. Babbitt, 48 F.3d 1495 (9th Cir. Ore. 1995), cert. 
denied 116 S. Ct. 698 (1996)).

Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, 
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal 
Governments'' (59 FR 22951), Executive Order 13175, and the Department 
of Interior's manual at 512 DM 2, we readily acknowledge our 
responsibility to communicate meaningfully with recognized Federal 
Tribes on a government-to-government basis. We have determined that 
there are no Tribal lands occupied at the time of listing that contain 
the features essential for the conservation of the subspecies, nor are 
there any unoccupied Tribal lands that are essential for the 
conservation of the Alameda whipsnake. Therefore, critical habitat for 
the Alameda whipsnake has not been designated on Tribal lands.

References Cited

    A complete list of all references cited in this rulemaking is 
available upon request from the Field Supervisor, Sacramento Fish and 
Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES section).

Author(s)

    The primary authors of this notice are staff from the Sacramento 
Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES section).

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17

    Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Transportation.

Regulation Promulgation

0
Accordingly, we amend part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title 50 of 
the Code of Federal Regulations, as set forth below:

[[Page 58206]]

PART 17--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 17 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544; 16 U.S.C. 
4201-4245; Pub. L. 99-625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted.

0
2. In Sec.  17.95(c), revise the entry for ``Alameda Whipsnake 
(Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus)'' to read as follows:


Sec.  17.95  Critical habitat--fish and wildlife.

* * * * *
    (c) Reptiles.
* * * * *
Alameda Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus)
    (1) Critical habitat units are depicted for Alameda, Contra Costa, 
San Joaquin, and Santa Clara counties, California, on the maps below.
    (2) The primary constituent elements (PCEs) of critical habitat for 
the Alameda whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus) are the 
habitat components that provide:
    (i) Scrub/shrub communities with a mosaic of open and closed 
canopy: Scrub/shrub vegetation dominated by low- to medium-stature 
woody shrubs with a mosaic of open and closed canopy, as characterized 
by the chamise, chamise-eastwood manzanita, chaparral whitethorn, and 
interior live oak shrub vegetation series occurring at elevations from 
sea level to approximately 3,850 feet (1,170 meters). Such scrub/shrub 
vegetation within these series form a pattern of open and closed canopy 
used by the Alameda whipsnake for shelter from predators; temperature 
regulation, because it provides sunny and shady locations; prey-viewing 
opportunities; and nesting habitat and substrate. These features 
contribute to support a prey base consisting of western fence lizards 
and other prey species such as skinks, frogs, snakes, and birds.
    (ii) Woodland or annual grassland plant communities contiguous to 
lands containing PCE 1: Woodland or annual grassland vegetation series 
comprised of one or more of the following: Blue oak, coast live oak, 
California bay, California buckeye, and California annual grassland 
vegetation series. This mosaic of vegetation supports a prey base 
consisting of western fence lizards and other prey species such as 
skinks, frogs, snakes, and birds, and provides opportunities for: 
Foraging, by allowing snakes to come in contact with and visualize, 
track, and capture prey (especially western fence lizards, along with 
other prey such as skinks, frogs, birds); short and long distance 
dispersal within, between, or adjacent to areas containing essential 
features (i.e., PCE 1 or PCE 3); and contact with other Alameda 
whipsnakes for mating and reproduction.
    (iii) Lands containing rock outcrops, talus, and small mammal 
burrows. These areas are used for retreats (shelter), hibernacula, 
foraging, and dispersal, and provide additional prey population support 
functions.
    (3) Critical habitat does not include manmade structures existing 
on the effective date of this rule and not containing one or more of 
the primary constituent elements, such as buildings, aqueducts, 
airports, and roads, and the land on which such structures are located.

Critical Habitat Unit Maps

    (4) GIS data layers defining map units were created on a base of 
USGS 7.5' quadrangles, and critical habitat units were then mapped 
using Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates.
    (5) Note: Index map (Map 1) follows:

BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 58207]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR02OC06.000

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C

[[Page 58208]]

    (6) Unit 1: Tilden-Briones Unit, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, 
California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale quadrangles Benecia, Richmond, Briones 
Valley, Walnut Creek. Land bounded by the following UTM Zone 10, NAD83 
coordinates (E, N): 559589, 4200848; 559600, 4200866; 559610, 4200873; 
559622, 4200883; 559668, 4200910; 559710, 4200940; 559715, 4200943; 
559727, 4200952; 559753, 4200969; 559781, 4200994; 559806, 4201021; 
559817, 4201037; 559840, 4201073; 559850, 4201093; 559874, 4201113; 
559878, 4201115; 559895, 4201123; 559909, 4201130; 559929, 4201135; 
559955, 4201148; 560009, 4201170; 560047, 4201192; 560059, 4201212; 
560058, 4201230; 560055, 4201250; 560049, 4201289; 560047, 4201306; 
560041, 4201332; 560035, 4201363; 560029, 4201381; 560024, 4201403; 
560018, 4201432; 560016, 4201456; 560009, 4201486; 560008, 4201508; 
560027, 4201518; 560061, 4201509; 560277, 4201575; 560304, 4201584; 
560308, 4201587; 560316, 4201583; 560411, 4201602; 560673, 4201602; 
560694, 4201602; 560784, 4201604; 560794, 4201635; 560795, 4201674; 
560794, 4201701; 560795, 4201737; 560793, 4201770; 560784, 4201808; 
560789, 4201847; 560781, 4201888; 560778, 4201912; 560787, 4201944; 
560802, 4201953; 560814, 4201960; 560827, 4201961; 560841, 4201962; 
560859, 4201967; 560885, 4201957; 560924, 4201964; 560963, 4201972; 
561010, 4201974; 561046, 4201975; 561085, 4201974; 561112, 4201969; 
561131, 4201962; 561143, 4201941; 561158, 4201908; 561162, 4201880; 
561176, 4201857; 561200, 4201847; 561244, 4201832; 561286, 4201830; 
561337, 4201830; 561384, 4201835; 561422, 4201840; 561464, 4201835; 
561497, 4201814; 561518, 4201778; 561523, 4201757; 561522, 4201714; 
561523, 4201670; 561535, 4201628; 561567, 4201583; 561633, 4201578; 
561664, 4201585; 561676, 4201599; 561698, 4201630; 561743, 4201673; 
561773, 4201694; 561793, 4201727; 561809, 4201771; 561825, 4201815; 
561840, 4201826; 561863, 4201820; 561892, 4201798; 561922, 4201775; 
561950, 4201759; 561983, 4201753; 562031, 4201743; 562087, 4201741; 
562142, 4201740; 562201, 4201735; 562251, 4201731; 562327, 4201726; 
562402, 4201715; 562451, 4201695; 562483, 4201684; 562515, 4201676; 
562520, 4201673; 562524, 4201668; 562648, 4201533; 562609, 4201434; 
562618, 4201405; 562618, 4201401; 562629, 4201363; 562660, 4201340; 
562698, 4201311; 562741, 4201294; 562778, 4201281; 562820, 4201273; 
562852, 4201262; 562877, 4201265; 562892, 4201277; 562923, 4201298; 
562949, 4201336; 562974, 4201369; 563001, 4201384; 563007, 4201373; 
563208, 4201106; 563205, 4201067; 563205, 4201065; 563161, 4201021; 
563142, 4200970; 563186, 4200952; 563142, 4200832; 563139, 4200818; 
563123, 4200790; 563125, 4200770; 563146, 4200742; 563162, 4200718; 
563186, 4200699; 563215, 4200696; 563243, 4200706; 563272, 4200721; 
563288, 4200746; 563308, 4200752; 563332, 4200763; 563376, 4200779; 
563421, 4200784; 563442, 4200782; 563501, 4200700; 563552, 4200705; 
563575, 4200685; 563598, 4200656; 563709, 4200752; 563829, 4200743; 
564014, 4200365; 564039, 4200383; 564043, 4200372; 564054, 4200336; 
564087, 4200298; 564131, 4200262; 564176, 4200238; 564206, 4200230; 
564240, 4200230; 564288, 4200239; 564318, 4200251; 564348, 4200269; 
564383, 4200299; 564422, 4200330; 564466, 4200350; 564498, 4200363; 
564540, 4200391; 564575, 4200417; 564612, 4200445; 564623, 4200459; 
564628, 4200460; 564628, 4200465; 564626, 4200508; 564625, 4200550; 
564601, 4200580; 564489, 4200581; 564471, 4200581; 564471, 4200584; 
564477, 4200616; 564487, 4200636; 564471, 4200649; 564475, 4200653; 
564528, 4200688; 564593, 4200648; 564634, 4200740; 564648, 4200799; 
564514, 4200855; 564437, 4200917; 564365, 4200985; 564332, 4201032; 
564294, 4201014; 564285, 4201011; 564265, 4201031; 564236, 4201060; 
564207, 4201086; 564224, 4201161; 564184, 4201193; 564147, 4201209; 
564148, 4201210; 564178, 4201233; 564210, 4201259; 564246, 4201295; 
564274, 4201321; 564316, 4201359; 564319, 4201361; 564442, 4201318; 
564455, 4201349; 564461, 4201348; 564501, 4201340; 564549, 4201331; 
564564, 4201357; 564567, 4201388; 564566, 4201432; 564555, 4201478; 
564531, 4201503; 564495, 4201540; 564480, 4201553; 564654, 4201564; 
564602, 4201626; 564638, 4201649; 564692, 4201649; 564764, 4201721; 
564810, 4201767; 564900, 4201803; 564973, 4201957; 565036, 4202002; 
565145, 4201993; 565263, 4202011; 565354, 4202038; 565390, 4201984; 
565444, 4201984; 565535, 4201921; 565616, 4201757; 565689, 4201739; 
565707, 4201776; 565761, 4201748; 565807, 4201767; 565825, 4201803; 
565916, 4201839; 565943, 4201739; 565861, 4201667; 565816, 4201585; 
565816, 4201522; 565897, 4201576; 566015, 4201603; 566079, 4201522; 
566197, 4201495; 566287, 4201513; 566323, 4201540; 566396, 4201549; 
566441, 4201612; 566423, 4201694; 566378, 4201803; 566342, 4201893; 
566278, 4201975; 566233, 4202066; 566224, 4202093; 566242, 4202183; 
566251, 4202256; 566414, 4202156; 566421, 4202175; 566459, 4202274; 
566532, 4202637; 566577, 4203099; 566668, 4203507; 567592, 4204522; 
568182, 4205111; 568472, 4205447; 568476, 4205455; 568831, 4206130; 
568847, 4206125; 568875, 4206127; 568906, 4206134; 568926, 4206141; 
568939, 4206151; 568947, 4206174; 568941, 4206195; 568937, 4206225; 
568932, 4206254; 568928, 4206288; 568927, 4206308; 568925, 4206339; 
568921, 4206370; 568913, 4206408; 568910, 4206442; 568899, 4206491; 
568895, 4206528; 568900, 4206560; 568915, 4206578; 568948, 4206582; 
568959, 4206575; 568975, 4206565; 568998, 4206552; 569027, 4206533; 
569052, 4206513; 569089, 4206488; 569127, 4206468; 569163, 4206457; 
569207, 4206436; 569241, 4206414; 569271, 4206411; 569306, 4206389; 
569333, 4206380; 569376, 4206378; 569391, 4206415; 569400, 4206433; 
569400, 4206513; 569403, 4206596; 569397, 4206647; 569375, 4206689; 
569320, 4206753; 569275, 4206791; 569231, 4206839; 569195, 4206859; 
569173, 4206878; 569173, 4206904; 569224, 4206929; 569269, 4206942; 
569317, 4206952; 569368, 4206958; 569439, 4206971; 569512, 4206993; 
569560, 4207000; 569653, 4207009; 569717, 4207019; 569781, 4207019; 
569826, 4207028; 569839, 4207044; 569861, 4207055; 569880, 4207074; 
569899, 4207089; 569928, 4207115; 569965, 4207146; 570045, 4207198; 
570111, 4207248; 570172, 4207285; 570215, 4207316; 570262, 4207355; 
570304, 4207381; 570355, 4207412; 570424, 4207449; 570451, 4207464; 
570507, 4207492; 570534, 4207505; 570605, 4207531; 570687, 4207563; 
570733, 4207594; 570760, 4207613; 570788, 4207630; 570820, 4207650; 
570850, 4207667; 570868, 4207677; 570918, 4207695; 570966, 4207705; 
571001, 4207706; 571057, 4207695; 571070, 4207694; 571112, 4207711; 
571145, 4207731; 571159, 4207740; 571170, 4207748; 571214, 4207783; 
571248, 4207829; 571264, 4207848; 571286, 4207865; 571309, 4207875; 
571370, 4207888; 571421, 4207892; 571456, 4207896; 571497, 4207895; 
571550, 4207894; 571617, 4207896; 571671, 4207893; 571706, 4207895; 
571744, 4207892; 571777, 4207886; 571811, 4207880; 571860, 4207871; 
571900, 4207859; 571961, 4207836; 571997, 4207824; 572010, 4207821; 
572096, 4207796; 572124,

[[Page 58209]]

4207776; 572155, 4207742; 572185, 4207709; 572219, 4207674; 572245, 
4207647; 572261, 4207633; 572291, 4207609; 572309, 4207594; 572318, 
4207585; 572336, 4207561; 572350, 4207536; 572369, 4207506; 572385, 
4207476; 572402, 4207449; 572424, 4207421; 572450, 4207395; 572491, 
4207352; 572526, 4207323; 572564, 4207295; 572589, 4207272; 572622, 
4207237; 572641, 4207215; 572666, 4207187; 572699, 4207151; 572733, 
4207112; 572768, 4207070; 572791, 4207041; 572815, 4207014; 572831, 
4206995; 572845, 4206979; 572858, 4206959; 572864, 4206944; 572878, 
4206912; 572881, 4206900; 572897, 4206859; 572909, 4206820; 572924, 
4206769; 572934, 4206708; 572945, 4206655; 572950, 4206603; 572952, 
4206576; 572955, 4206545; 572957, 4206510; 572963, 4206472; 572969, 
4206440; 572976, 4206417; 572987, 4206395; 573004, 4206355; 573022, 
4206317; 573043, 4206272; 573057, 4206243; 573073, 4206211; 573094, 
4206178; 573116, 4206145; 573133, 4206121; 573147, 4206103; 573180, 
4206076; 573205, 4206061; 573239, 4206048; 573264, 4206043; 573281, 
4206042; 573300, 4206040; 573350, 4206038; 573368, 4206037; 573405, 
4206034; 573453, 4206014; 573478, 4205993; 573511, 4205970; 573542, 
4205949; 573613, 4205923; 573679, 4205909; 573702, 4205901; 573714, 
4205898; 573740, 4205895; 573800, 4205892; 573879, 4205889; 573957, 
4205890; 574007, 4205890; 574050, 4205891; 574081, 4205892; 574182, 
4205885; 574218, 4205871; 574272, 4205858; 574344, 4205841; 574407, 
4205826; 574430, 4205822; 574472, 4205813; 574520, 4205802; 574554, 
4205797; 574589, 4205795; 574638, 4205745; 574687, 4205708; 574737, 
4205663; 574789, 4205614; 574835, 4205564; 574873, 4205508; 574890, 
4205463; 574898, 4205445; 574925, 4205416; 574947, 4205386; 574948, 
4205327; 574950, 4205216; 574953, 4205090; 574988, 4205087; 575042, 
4204930; 575062, 4204924; 575111, 4204861; 575111, 4204836; 575172, 
4204793; 575241, 4204764; 575416, 4204759; 575468, 4204711; 575555, 
4204713; 575553, 4204762; 575663, 4204768; 575768, 4204779; 575854, 
4204792; 575859, 4204779; 576227, 4204939; 576222, 4204952; 576383, 
4205009; 576392, 4205002; 576402, 4204994; 576413, 4204977; 576471, 
4204831; 576517, 4204744; 576518, 4204744; 576520, 4204737; 576537, 
4204692; 576563, 4204635; 576588, 4204586; 576613, 4204538; 576635, 
4204495; 576656, 4204446; 576675, 4204407; 576700, 4204359; 576724, 
4204321; 576743, 4204271; 576754, 4204241; 576770, 4204197; 576783, 
4204152; 576795, 4204097; 576800, 4204053; 576795, 4204005; 576791, 
4203960; 576765, 4203912; 576750, 4203894; 576765, 4203871; 576573, 
4203766; 576477, 4203728; 576427, 4203685; 576426, 4203684; 576431, 
4203680; 576441, 4203672; 576448, 4203667; 576465, 4203672; 576511, 
4203685; 576513, 4203685; 576546, 4203664; 576700, 4203708; 576700, 
4203694; 576699, 4203675; 576712, 4203673; 576729, 4203671; 576712, 
4203531; 576654, 4203432; 576645, 4203426; 576637, 4203399; 576627, 
4203344; 576616, 4203317; 576612, 4203308; 576609, 4203299; 576608, 
4203299; 576585, 4203295; 576559, 4203305; 576542, 4203296; 576528, 
4203277; 576518, 4203265; 576494, 4203262; 576457, 4203257; 576412, 
4203264; 576358, 4203250; 576332, 4203263; 576215, 4203352; 576217, 
4203332; 576218, 4203332; 576218, 4203330; 576219, 4203319; 576156, 
4203317; 576140, 4203316; 576129, 4203292; 576136, 4203265; 575971, 
4203325; 575985, 4203337; 575981, 4203430; 575812, 4203328; 575812, 
4203328; 575813, 4203332; 575793, 4203351; 575733, 4203379; 575600, 
4203414; 575550, 4203365; 575550, 4203365; 575544, 4203371; 575528, 
4203379; 575484, 4203433; 575442, 4203433; 575406, 4203351; 575400, 
4203338; 575394, 4203338; 574863, 4203334; 574863, 4203334; 574816, 
4203333; 574814, 4203317; 574805, 4203293; 574789, 4203257; 574773, 
4203228; 574746, 4203193; 574722, 4203163; 574695, 4203133; 574665, 
4203106; 574677, 4203080; 574665, 4203035; 574719, 4202955; 574744, 
4202888; 574773, 4202784; 574779, 4202765; 574777, 4202755; 574769, 
4202706; 574785, 4202699; 574788, 4202678; 574793, 4202627; 574798, 
4202578; 574803, 4202544; 574446, 4202541; 574352, 4202580; 574354, 
4202445; 574446, 4202434; 574534, 4202424; 574559, 4202422; 574596, 
4202398; 574639, 4202361; 574686, 4202347; 574749, 4202325; 574734, 
4202316; 574700, 4202310; 574679, 4202319; 574650, 4202325; 574622, 
4202340; 574597, 4202348; 574566, 4202347; 574557, 4202331; 574564, 
4202309; 574574, 4202293; 574593, 4202276; 574623, 4202258; 574654, 
4202248; 574684, 4202238; 574706, 4202226; 574737, 4202205; 574758, 
4202188; 574781, 4202170; 574781, 4202172; 574783, 4202184; 574846, 
4202186; 574855, 4202199; 574862, 4202235; 574877, 4202256; 574927, 
4202280; 574933, 4202300; 574974, 4202269; 574973, 4202239; 574964, 
4201505; 575052, 4201535; 575241, 4201597; 575195, 4201668; 575198, 
4201759; 575232, 4201791; 575271, 4201928; 575242, 4201927; 575276, 
4202021; 575534, 4202030; 575603, 4201994; 575630, 4201998; 575934, 
4202051; 576037, 4201903; 575925, 4201664; 575940, 4201645; 575959, 
4201630; 575979, 4201619; 576000, 4201612; 576024, 4201610; 576038, 
4201606; 576045, 4201614; 576066, 4201544; 576150, 4201518; 576170, 
4201561; 576165, 4201595; 576222, 4201746; 576282, 4201829; 576248, 
4201881; 576272, 4201920; 576235, 4201988; 576323, 4202106; 576390, 
4202154; 576421, 4202154; 576452, 4202128; 576506, 4202156; 576554, 
4202156; 576553, 4202325; 576572, 4202357; 576752, 4202358; 576822, 
4202289; 576913, 4202375; 576922, 4202382; 576934, 4202365; 576961, 
4202338; 576988, 4202306; 577016, 4202282; 577035, 4202279; 577057, 
4202280; 577079, 4202300; 577096, 4202321; 577104, 4202338; 577110, 
4202362; 577127, 4202369; 577142, 4202361; 577143, 4202360; 577165, 
4202394; 577276, 4202319; 577286, 4202312; 577299, 4202332; 577351, 
4202409; 577375, 4202446; 577370, 4202469; 577358, 4202508; 577328, 
4202547; 577295, 4202574; 577291, 4202575; 577261, 4202610; 577272, 
4202622; 577191, 4202613; 577186, 4202604; 577102, 4202647; 577004, 
4202699; 576997, 4202698; 576967, 4202695; 576954, 4202695; 576903, 
4202757; 576898, 4202764; 576879, 4202771; 576865, 4202787; 576861, 
4202806; 576863, 4202821; 576864, 4202822; 576857, 4202826; 576834, 
4202850; 576825, 4202860; 576810, 4202852; 576807, 4202859; 576803, 
4202885; 576806, 4202886; 576806, 4202886; 576795, 4202904; 576806, 
4202918; 576804, 4202960; 576824, 4202960; 576829, 4203023; 576828, 
4203083; 576809, 4203080; 576809, 4203083; 576811, 4203113; 576822, 
4203124; 576826, 4203141; 576871, 4203175; 576875, 4203164; 576875, 
4203164; 576876, 4203165; 576897, 4203150; 576931, 4203258; 576973, 
4203390; 576955, 4203427; 576963, 4203455; 576949, 4203459; 576995, 
4203594; 577025, 4203581; 577050, 4203637; 577032, 4203654; 577085, 
4203711; 577062, 4203730; 577063, 4203731; 577045, 4203748; 577064, 
4203768; 577070, 4203780; 577090, 4203780; 577122, 4203780; 577152, 
4203809; 577123, 4203838; 577122, 4203839; 577126, 4203855; 577126, 
4203856; 577128, 4203858; 577130, 4203871; 577129, 4203872; 577128, 
4203872; 577123, 4203886; 577128, 4203890; 577248, 4203967; 577503,

[[Page 58210]]

4204117; 577524, 4204130; 577581, 4204065; 577547, 4204027; 577516, 
4203997; 577478, 4203946; 577496, 4203906; 577427, 4203867; 577404, 
4203859; 577381, 4203855; 577356, 4203855; 577348, 4203849; 577347, 
4203843; 577350, 4203832; 577354, 4203829; 577370, 4203789; 577398, 
4203786; 577468, 4203821; 577544, 4203867; 577613, 4203946; 577628, 
4203963; 577637, 4203955; 577728, 4203834; 577827, 4203697; 577839, 
4203724; 577842, 4203721; 577878, 4203682; 577922, 4203646; 577968, 
4203601; 578004, 4203568; 578032, 4203538; 578036, 4203533; 577989, 
4203469; 578035, 4203421; 578041, 4203420; 578026, 4203410; 577997, 
4203384; 577972, 4203354; 577964, 4203342; 577926, 4203313; 577834, 
4203315; 577836, 4203269; 577888, 4203272; 577940, 4203186; 577956, 
4203244; 577966, 4203246; 578004, 4203264; 578032, 4203296; 578067, 
4203326; 578090, 4203349; 578146, 4203330; 578173, 4203288; 578187, 
4203263; 578199, 4203229; 578202, 4203204; 578222, 4203168; 578242, 
4203139; 578238, 4203134; 578287, 4203060; 578331, 4202980; 578377, 
4203024; 578400, 4203000; 578413, 4203008; 578439, 4202982; 578457, 
4202958; 578472, 4202938; 578479, 4202910; 578463, 4202880; 578446, 
4202864; 578404, 4202846; 578354, 4202821; 578317, 4202804; 578296, 
4202788; 578283, 4202763; 578294, 4202728; 578311, 4202694; 578326, 
4202674; 578342, 4202655; 578380, 4202644; 578420, 4202642; 578455, 
4202648; 578497, 4202651; 578536, 4202658; 578585, 4202686; 578609, 
4202712; 578640, 4202741; 578659, 4202763; 578673, 4202772; 578690, 
4202774; 578708, 4202769; 578735, 4202752; 578755, 4202730; 578782, 
4202696; 578808, 4202675; 578840, 4202679; 578866, 4202692; 578904, 
4202707; 578945, 4202699; 578955, 4202695; 578979, 4202684; 579013, 
4202665; 579036, 4202647; 579053, 4202628; 579077, 4202605; 579074, 
4202582; 579068, 4202577; 579053, 4202561; 579022, 4202548; 578985, 
4202534; 578959, 4202523; 578952, 4202505; 578944, 4202480; 578933, 
4202447; 578907, 4202425; 578880, 4202417; 578843, 4202414; 578797, 
4202416; 578774, 4202415; 578748, 4202413; 578745, 4202394; 578760, 
4202376; 578802, 4202363; 578839, 4202358; 578866, 4202350; 578689, 
4202259; 578647, 4202240; 578514, 4202180; 578556, 4202165; 578418, 
4202044; 578395, 4202016; 578347, 4201956; 578167, 4202075; 578180, 
4202322; 578129, 4202378; 578067, 4202323; 578065, 4202314; 578053, 
4202305; 578040, 4202279; 578030, 4202240; 578016, 4202196; 578006, 
4202168; 577990, 4202146; 577967, 4202130; 577933, 4202116; 577896, 
4202112; 577877, 4202109; 577851, 4202131; 577816, 4202100; 577782, 
4202069; 577749, 4202101; 577564, 4202280; 577529, 4202245; 577485, 
4202199; 577485, 4202199; 577485, 4202198; 577460, 4202173; 577370, 
4202080; 577376, 4202072; 577433, 4202019; 577363, 4201778; 577331, 
4201778; 577332, 4201711; 577396, 4201713; 577394, 4201779; 577428, 
4201779; 577430, 4201779; 577512, 4201779; 577530, 4201779; 577537, 
4201779; 577537, 4201770; 577538, 4201706; 577545, 4201705; 577544, 
4201700; 577540, 4201671; 577542, 4201638; 577541, 4201632; 577538, 
4201611; 577536, 4201564; 577534, 4201530; 577538, 4201529; 577538, 
4201402; 577538, 4201293; 577537, 4201253; 577536, 4201192; 577535, 
4201120; 577534, 4201081; 577536, 4201079; 577534, 4201077; 577533, 
4201030; 577538, 4200585; 577552, 4200594; 577608, 4200632; 577613, 
4200617; 577621, 4200607; 577640, 4200605; 577659, 4200614; 577681, 
4200630; 577705, 4200650; 577728, 4200669; 577767, 4200692; 577786, 
4200702; 577810, 4200710; 577827, 4200701; 577834, 4200697; 577849, 
4200689; 578289, 4200465; 578511, 4200312; 578408, 4200202; 578408, 
4200201; 578384, 4200180; 578284, 4200090; 578248, 4200058; 578332, 
4199980; 578336, 4199979; 578335, 4199978; 578400, 4199934; 578410, 
4199922; 578467, 4199857; 578476, 4199822; 578457, 4199735; 578361, 
4199646; 578289, 4199669; 578237, 4199677; 578204, 4199683; 578151, 
4199678; 578145, 4199661; 578199, 4199638; 578317, 4199588; 578296, 
4199524; 578257, 4199464; 578209, 4199408; 578213, 4199362; 578134, 
4199277; 578107, 4199251; 578080, 4199250; 578043, 4199213; 577984, 
4199186; 578027, 4199158; 578065, 4199194; 578090, 4199182; 578063, 
4199113; 578034, 4199097; 577976, 4199082; 577965, 4199072; 577947, 
4199026; 577934, 4198990; 577989, 4199022; 578085, 4199082; 578120, 
4199131; 578127, 4199141; 578202, 4199253; 578307, 4199384; 578293, 
4199408; 578332, 4199460; 578353, 4199450; 578376, 4199468; 578490, 
4199606; 578558, 4199671; 578548, 4199703; 578627, 4199727; 578664, 
4199697; 578679, 4199663; 578696, 4199653; 578746, 4199655; 578798, 
4199609; 578909, 4199444; 578515, 4199325; 578494, 4199343; 578464, 
4199342; 578443, 4199319; 578444, 4199289; 578465, 4199270; 578318, 
4199132; 578347, 4199129; 578393, 4199102; 578412, 4199086; 578431, 
4199059; 578437, 4199032; 578442, 4199010; 578428, 4198978; 578417, 
4198958; 578414, 4198942; 578402, 4198941; 578203, 4199021; 578194, 
4199011; 578213, 4198971; 578220, 4198933; 578265, 4198888; 578279, 
4198865; 578289, 4198800; 578291, 4198793; 578298, 4198747; 578130, 
4198670; 578107, 4198717; 578107, 4198717; 578063, 4198646; 577915, 
4198592; 577914, 4198585; 577904, 4198580; 577903, 4198581; 577892, 
4198559; 577878, 4198531; 577861, 4198504; 577848, 4198471; 577827, 
4198453; 577815, 4198437; 577799, 4198413; 577796, 4198408; 577864, 
4198261; 577830, 4198271; 577780, 4198264; 577731, 4198288; 577714, 
4198260; 577674, 4198299; 577671, 4198289; 577672, 4198262; 577673, 
4198232; 577679, 4198218; 577680, 4198196; 577686, 4198176; 577686, 
4198160; 577688, 4198146; 577688, 4198118; 577689, 4198097; 577690, 
4198088; 577690, 4198078; 577682, 4198058; 577672, 4198043; 577649, 
4198017; 577622, 4197994; 577589, 4197982; 577556, 4197977; 577556, 
4197951; 577562, 4197928; 577572, 4197905; 577584, 4197874; 577593, 
4197853; 577591, 4197828; 577567, 4197811; 577536, 4197821; 577516, 
4197831; 577515, 4197831; 577516, 4197830; 577508, 4197762; 577429, 
4197762; 577430, 4197756; 577441, 4197730; 577451, 4197711; 577474, 
4197673; 577482, 4197666; 577488, 4197672; 577535, 4197621; 577555, 
4197599; 577613, 4197520; 577653, 4197458; 577684, 4197403; 577722, 
4197348; 577734, 4197239; 577737, 4197211; 577741, 4197160; 577742, 
4197127; 577730, 4197021; 577724, 4196998; 577737, 4196969; 577766, 
4196954; 577768, 4196921; 577735, 4196882; 577708, 4196898; 577708, 
4196898; 577688, 4196910; 577627, 4196905; 577596, 4196918; 577546, 
4196938; 577521, 4196951; 577509, 4196935; 577483, 4196947; 577435, 
4196939; 577460, 4196893; 577412, 4196906; 577402, 4196908; 577399, 
4196911; 577333, 4196950; 577294, 4196957; 577242, 4196987; 577243, 
4196904; 577245, 4196840; 577377, 4196780; 577413, 4196717; 577438, 
4196720; 577539, 4196735; 577571, 4196739; 577621, 4196706; 577720, 
4196591; 577741, 4196567; 577710, 4196462; 577815, 4196397; 577817, 
4196396; 577881, 4196284; 577926, 4196101; 577928, 4196094; 577946, 
4196033; 577878, 4195883; 577945, 4195861; 578135, 4195648; 578135, 
4195648; 578137, 4195644; 578141, 4195630; 578143, 4195624; 578143,

[[Page 58211]]

4195624; 578090, 4195543; 578080, 4195527; 578055, 4195549; 577980, 
4195616; 577981, 4195723; 577981, 4195727; 577961, 4195734; 577958, 
4195735; 577905, 4195718; 577877, 4195669; 577822, 4195567; 577760, 
4195614; 577761, 4195616; 577772, 4195630; 577777, 4195636; 577691, 
4195699; 577663, 4195678; 577612, 4195640; 577578, 4195615; 577329, 
4195684; 577312, 4195688; 577246, 4195707; 577160, 4195731; 577157, 
4195732; 577125, 4195731; 577072, 4195730; 577077, 4195742; 577099, 
4195794; 577015, 4195791; 577022, 4195747; 577019, 4195743; 577017, 
4195742; 577026, 4195729; 577008, 4195728; 576942, 4195727; 576926, 
4195727; 576931, 4195700; 576950, 4195592; 576895, 4195531; 576936, 
4195472; 576945, 4195478; 576952, 4195482; 576961, 4195457; 576950, 
4195432; 576946, 4195423; 576949, 4195401; 576946, 4195383; 576932, 
4195362; 576929, 4195344; 576935, 4195311; 576935, 4195310; 576940, 
4195281; 576920, 4195284; 576914, 4195285; 576861, 4195294; 576813, 
4195302; 576803, 4195304; 576757, 4195323; 576670, 4195356; 576668, 
4195357; 576669, 4195358; 576705, 4195420; 576704, 4195475; 576626, 
4195509; 576615, 4195496; 576613, 4195494; 576580, 4195522; 576594, 
4195548; 576538, 4195578; 576499, 4195511; 576477, 4195438; 576469, 
4195413; 576454, 4195412; 576389, 4195415; 576358, 4195435; 576296, 
4195474; 576238, 4195511; 576169, 4195539; 576170, 4195542; 576170, 
4195542; 576090, 4195574; 576020, 4195551; 575992, 4195558; 575787, 
4195668; 575829, 4195785; 575829, 4195785; 575837, 4195804; 575844, 
4195867; 575776, 4195887; 575766, 4195866; 575745, 4195856; 575707, 
4195858; 575653, 4195884; 575639, 4195878; 575622, 4195870; 575591, 
4195870; 575590, 4196115; 575260, 4196113; 575179, 4196112; 575019, 
4196111; 574968, 4196111; 574917, 4196111; 574872, 4196072; 574860, 
4196005; 574704, 4196004; 574702, 4196110; 574633, 4196109; 574290, 
4196108; 574366, 4196205; 574365, 4196436; 574365, 4196444; 574326, 
4196475; 574294, 4196481; 574227, 4196520; 574173, 4196532; 574112, 
4196537; 574000, 4196554; 573946, 4196599; 573918, 4196596; 573891, 
4196576; 573830, 4196635; 573840, 4196652; 573757, 4196656; 573758, 
4196566; 573750, 4196552; 573588, 4196643; 573365, 4196769; 573237, 
4196937; 572967, 4196827; 572909, 4196822; 572715, 4196763; 572675, 
4196764; 572599, 4196749; 572520, 4196762; 572458, 4196795; 572422, 
4196970; 572342, 4197052; 572025, 4197097; 571893, 4197104; 571721, 
4197127; 571489, 4197179; 571327, 4197231; 571031, 4197288; 571036, 
4197334; 570991, 4197340; 570955, 4197362; 570939, 4197372; 570919, 
4197410; 570873, 4197450; 570800, 4197494; 570797, 4197491; 570794, 
4197497; 570737, 4197520; 570687, 4197495; 570620, 4197478; 570582, 
4197421; 570564, 4197372; 570546, 4197296; 570513, 4197291; 570439, 
4197280; 570481, 4197264; 570505, 4197245; 570540, 4197220; 570529, 
4197198; 570492, 4197209; 570433, 4197226; 570473, 4197138; 570360, 
4197057; 570301, 4197053; 570303, 4197014; 570266, 4196934; 570274, 
4196922; 570249, 4196902; 570265, 4196829; 570235, 4196805; 570245, 
4196764; 570265, 4196669; 570265, 4196627; 570265, 4196568; 570293, 
4196500; 570298, 4196498; 570294, 4196490; 570343, 4196413; 570371, 
4196368; 570323, 4196259; 570185, 4196258; 570186, 4196221; 570182, 
4196076; 570191, 4196075; 570447, 4196078; 570428, 4195831; 570413, 
4195618; 570626, 4195533; 570848, 4195445; 570778, 4195390; 570184, 
4194917; 570160, 4194904; 570115, 4194878; 570071, 4194857; 570058, 
4194848; 570056, 4194834; 569756, 4194603; 569733, 4194586; 569640, 
4194514; 569633, 4194514; 569631, 4194510; 569554, 4194466; 569507, 
4194430; 569495, 4194402; 569413, 4194308; 569257, 4194294; 569224, 
4194317; 568839, 4194095; 568798, 4193986; 568832, 4193941; 568867, 
4193955; 568902, 4193912; 568958, 4193839; 568372, 4193367; 568401, 
4193278; 568467, 4193201; 568479, 4193179; 568497, 4193087; 568500, 
4193074; 568535, 4192993; 568652, 4192885; 568829, 4192725; 568816, 
4192719; 568794, 4192710; 568668, 4192690; 568516, 4192684; 568350, 
4192684; 568198, 4192684; 568154, 4192688; 568059, 4192697; 567874, 
4192737; 567735, 4192796; 567596, 4192862; 567470, 4192915; 567365, 
4192955; 567193, 4193015; 567014, 4193041; 566895, 4193034; 566776, 
4192988; 566650, 4192915; 566650, 4192915; 566627, 4192907; 566624, 
4192906; 566624, 4192905; 566624, 4192905; 566597, 4192895; 566552, 
4192888; 566521, 4192917; 566488, 4192936; 566462, 4192947; 566440, 
4192960; 566427, 4192961; 566400, 4192966; 566374, 4192986; 566356, 
4193003; 566343, 4193028; 566329, 4193054; 566313, 4193082; 566303, 
4193114; 566300, 4193137; 566308, 4193173; 566304, 4193194; 566299, 
4193206; 566295, 4193224; 566289, 4193242; 566272, 4193263; 566264, 
4193283; 566257, 4193304; 566244, 4193328; 566218, 4193353; 566191, 
4193372; 566172, 4193392; 566153, 4193417; 566142, 4193427; 566130, 
4193452; 566116, 4193473; 566110, 4193492; 566107, 4193514; 566107, 
4193528; 566135, 4193541; 566161, 4193552; 566206, 4193554; 566224, 
4193561; 566242, 4193562; 566256, 4193561; 566279, 4193564; 566318, 
4193554; 566350, 4193555; 566369, 4193539; 566383, 4193537; 566412, 
4193510; 566443, 4193494; 566492, 4193479; 566516, 4193476; 566576, 
4193472; 566614, 4193469; 566635, 4193452; 566659, 4193446; 566685, 
4193446; 566726, 4193452; 566775, 4193453; 566815, 4193462; 566865, 
4193470; 566882, 4193472; 566928, 4193481; 566957, 4193473; 566973, 
4193477; 566999, 4193498; 567067, 4193498; 567140, 4193530; 567231, 
4193610; 567262, 4193679; 567196, 4193738; 567112, 4193745; 567064, 
4193797; 566998, 4193888; 566914, 4193947; 566907, 4193947; 566744, 
4194028; 566704, 4194054; 566645, 4194123; 566629, 4194171; 566590, 
4194250; 566542, 4194313; 566475, 4194340; 566430, 4194341; 566357, 
4194341; 566306, 4194332; 566236, 4194326; 566187, 4194311; 566166, 
4194288; 566181, 4194263; 566226, 4194236; 566297, 4194219; 566346, 
4194200; 566359, 4194141; 566321, 4194109; 566219, 4194071; 566123, 
4194045; 566121, 4194043; 566085, 4194028; 566045, 4194009; 566000, 
4193982; 565973, 4193974; 565949, 4193974; 565929, 4193985; 565924, 
4194001; 565935, 4194013; 565972, 4194030; 565986, 4194039; 565987, 
4194043; 565994, 4194065; 565999, 4194093; 565974, 4194197; 565965, 
4194189; 565956, 4194186; 565953, 4194186; 565949, 4194187; 565945, 
4194192; 565943, 4194195; 565945, 4194202; 565948, 4194209; 565948, 
4194210; 565950, 4194215; 565949, 4194231; 565939, 4194249; 565923, 
4194263; 565904, 4194273; 565885, 4194283; 565866, 4194296; 565852, 
4194308; 565845, 4194312; 565841, 4194314; 565831, 4194315; 565821, 
4194311; 565811, 4194302; 565798, 4194289; 565779, 4194291; 565761, 
4194300; 565755, 4194322; 565755, 4194340; 565752, 4194362; 565770, 
4194383; 565785, 4194398; 565819, 4194420; 565866, 4194442; 565891, 
4194460; 565919, 4194465; 565958, 4194462; 565969, 4194455; 565986, 
4194446; 566001, 4194440; 566020, 4194434; 566040, 4194431; 566058, 
4194437; 566074, 4194447; 566088, 4194458; 566099, 4194472; 566109, 
4194480; 566121, 4194495; 566126, 4194508; 566112, 4194521; 566103,

[[Page 58212]]

4194532; 566069, 4194560; 566057, 4194586; 566045, 4194618; 566026, 
4194655; 566019, 4194681; 566006, 4194705; 565985, 4194738; 565976, 
4194749; 565920, 4194749; 565872, 4194728; 565854, 4194719; 565832, 
4194719; 565820, 4194726; 565795, 4194734; 565773, 4194719; 565761, 
4194712; 565747, 4194694; 565734, 4194685; 565721, 4194674; 565702, 
4194663; 565686, 4194654; 565668, 4194651; 565650, 4194655; 565637, 
4194648; 565622, 4194645; 565601, 4194642; 565588, 4194640; 565575, 
4194637; 565559, 4194637; 565538, 4194643; 565522, 4194648; 565509, 
4194650; 565472, 4194660; 565458, 4194661; 565442, 4194671; 565435, 
4194687; 565439, 4194719; 565454, 4194754; 565456, 4194779; 565460, 
4194815; 565455, 4194847; 565447, 4194877; 565445, 4194905; 565447, 
4194921; 565447, 4194956; 565448, 4194986; 565456, 4195011; 565466, 
4195024; 565463, 4195042; 565454, 4195052; 565441, 4195063; 565419, 
4195084; 565408, 4195090; 565396, 4195102; 565382, 4195127; 565370, 
4195137; 565359, 4195146; 565343, 4195143; 565325, 4195121; 565306, 
4195101; 565295, 4195090; 565281, 4195074; 565258, 4195057; 565219, 
4195034; 565190, 4195018; 565160, 4195014; 565127, 4195009; 565113, 
4195012; 565081, 4195008; 565051, 4194998; 565029, 4194989; 565013, 
4194970; 564996, 4194953; 564979, 4194948; 564964, 4194951; 564949, 
4194967; 564948, 4194986; 564949, 4195005; 564953, 4195018; 564955, 
4195044; 564957, 4195058; 564951, 4195077; 564942, 4195097; 564931, 
4195114; 564920, 4195131; 564911, 4195141; 564876, 4195174; 564861, 
4195179; 564840, 4195187; 564817, 4195200; 564795, 4195226; 564762, 
4195259; 564738, 4195281; 564712, 4195315; 564683, 4195340; 564665, 
4195356; 564642, 4195375; 564626, 4195391; 564612, 4195406; 564592, 
4195421; 564575, 4195441; 564565, 4195453; 564553, 4195473; 564540, 
4195468; 564532, 4195474; 564512, 4195476; 564481, 4195468; 564449, 
4195463; 564420, 4195458; 564390, 4195452; 564373, 4195446; 564348, 
4195701; 564487, 4195799; 564397, 4195881; 564368, 4195873; 564342, 
4195867; 564314, 4195886; 564283, 4195904; 564263, 4195925; 564253, 
4195948; 564232, 4195968; 564224, 4195980; 564213, 4196012; 564194, 
4196038; 564172, 4196029; 564139, 4196011; 564101, 4195997; 564069, 
4195996; 564028, 4196023; 564005, 4196063; 563978, 4196099; 563970, 
4196131; 563963, 4196161; 563954, 4196194; 563912, 4196245; 563886, 
4196211; 563874, 4196195; 563848, 4196223; 563837, 4196235; 563814, 
4196215; 563672, 4196374; 563668, 4196379; 563374, 4196709; 563398, 
4196736; 563390, 4196745; 563353, 4196786; 563361, 4196794; 563374, 
4196806; 563372, 4196815; 563368, 4196838; 563324, 4196856; 563294, 
4196891; 563274, 4196912; 563271, 4196960; 563277, 4196964; 563271, 
4196972; 563265, 4196984; 563255, 4196996; 563235, 4197007; 563205, 
4197055; 563186, 4197043; 563168, 4197079; 563163, 4197088; 563149, 
4197105; 563120, 4197133; 563107, 4197145; 563084, 4197172; 563077, 
4197184; 563070, 4197195; 563052, 4197180; 563045, 4197174; 563026, 
4197197; 563000, 4197243; 562983, 4197271; 562945, 4197316; 562925, 
4197338; 562792, 4197491; 562755, 4197535; 562721, 4197596; 562710, 
4197616; 562691, 4197651; 562660, 4197663; 562660, 4197668; 562654, 
4197671; 562641, 4197682; 562629, 4197697; 562622, 4197704; 562612, 
4197722; 562597, 4197755; 562582, 4197785; 562563, 4197812; 562545, 
4197821; 562522, 4197832; 562498, 4197840; 562481, 4197843; 562454, 
4197845; 562433, 4197852; 562412, 4197866; 562392, 4197882; 562380, 
4197892; 562385, 4197969; 562334, 4197999; 562316, 4198008; 562286, 
4198022; 562253, 4198072; 562234, 4198106; 562323, 4198187; 562340, 
4198202; 562293, 4198255; 562289, 4198258; 562274, 4198273; 562204, 
4198341; 562172, 4198372; 562161, 4198373; 562136, 4198392; 562126, 
4198391; 562028, 4198432; 561966, 4198470; 561938, 4198488; 561911, 
4198517; 561858, 4198567; 561833, 4198643; 561789, 4198671; 561716, 
4198706; 561475, 4198986; 561222, 4199269; 561229, 4199290; 561241, 
4199326; 561155, 4199391; 561058, 4199464; 561057, 4199464; 561046, 
4199476; 560935, 4199588; 560845, 4199680; 560590, 4199939; 560545, 
4199874; 560535, 4199859; 560524, 4199843; 560513, 4199853; 560435, 
4199926; 560447, 4199939; 560454, 4199946; 560510, 4200002; 560509, 
4200103; 560508, 4200141; 560507, 4200172; 560445, 4200222; 560418, 
4200390; 560502, 4200435; 560502, 4200435; 560499, 4200577; 560482, 
4200603; 560460, 4200629; 560443, 4200647; 560423, 4200667; 560410, 
4200681; 560384, 4200707; 560347, 4200709; 560305, 4200700; 560224, 
4200695; 560218, 4200724; 560170, 4200698; 560075, 4200679; 560070, 
4200609; 560069, 4200592; 560069, 4200590; 560066, 4200591; 560040, 
4200605; 559975, 4200626; 559910, 4200633; 559865, 4200650; 559821, 
4200653; 559787, 4200684; 559678, 4200689; 559675, 4200682; 559668, 
4200687; 559655, 4200696; 559633, 4200718; 559617, 4200742; 559611, 
4200753; 559601, 4200788; 559591, 4200818; returning to 559589, 
4200848; excluding 565010, 4199872; 564877, 4199656; 564878, 4199620; 
564977, 4199555; 565008, 4199524; 565015, 4199497; 565039, 4199385; 
565060, 4199332; 565083, 4199317; 565156, 4199348; 565189, 4199315; 
565220, 4199264; 565216, 4199173; 565239, 4199148; 565346, 4199105; 
565346, 4199075; 565313, 4199018; 565314, 4198968; 565334, 4198947; 
565433, 4198908; 565464, 4198882; 565468, 4198722; 565491, 4198715; 
565518, 4198776; 565553, 4198817; 565586, 4198822; 565617, 4198789; 
565617, 4198751; 565600, 4198698; 565595, 4198644; 565618, 4198609; 
565621, 4198543; 565650, 4198470; 565653, 4198406; 565638, 4198355; 
565646, 4198330; 565644, 4198198; 565657, 4198193; 565710, 4198201; 
565733, 4198142; 565756, 4198137; 565818, 4198182; 565856, 4198167; 
565913, 4198111; 565931, 4198068; 565969, 4198018; 566006, 4197947; 
566008, 4197922; 566026, 4197914; 566089, 4197714; 566165, 4197710; 
566209, 4197682; 566232, 4197619; 566286, 4197594; 566314, 4197574; 
566353, 4197480; 566381, 4197450; 566534, 4197360; 566570, 4197355; 
566628, 4197381; 566712, 4197390; 566959, 4197351; 566959, 4197318; 
566806, 4197119; 566799, 4197083; 566809, 4197063; 566829, 4197071; 
566905, 4197150; 566968, 4197186; 567067, 4197208; 567087, 4197198; 
567115, 4197155; 567178, 4197018; 567188, 4196978; 567222, 4196940; 
567240, 4196889; 567378, 4196786; 567403, 4196784; 567434, 4196820; 
567456, 4196830; 567487, 4196831; 567494, 4196818; 567495, 4196780; 
567462, 4196731; 567463, 4196698; 567550, 4196610; 567547, 4196600; 
567555, 4196595; 567558, 4196572; 567546, 4196524; 567587, 4196481; 
567606, 4196354; 567621, 4196344; 567669, 4196355; 567697, 4196330; 
567718, 4196276; 567711, 4196256; 567645, 4196238; 567612, 4196214; 
567607, 4196194; 567617, 4196187; 567711, 4196195; 567782, 4196181; 
567806, 4196150; 567827, 4196079; 567809, 4196046; 567809, 4196026; 
567891, 4195978; 567907, 4195940; 567968, 4195918; 568064, 4195911; 
568092, 4195901; 568116, 4195871; 568134, 4195821; 568149, 4195805; 
568228, 4195829; 568253, 4195806; 568289, 4195797; 568333, 4195754; 
568376, 4195739; 568444, 4195740; 568480, 4195722; 568546, 4195746; 
568584,

[[Page 58213]]

4195716; 568645, 4195731; 568722, 4195691; 568762, 4195692; 568815, 
4195733; 568815, 4195743; 568830, 4195756; 568914, 4195744; 568968, 
4195668; 569004, 4195628; 569028, 4195567; 569034, 4195453; 569062, 
4195441; 569084, 4195481; 569081, 4195573; 569034, 4195664; 568937, 
4195798; 568847, 4195830; 568749, 4195819; 568713, 4195803; 568677, 
4195808; 568639, 4195841; 568570, 4195855; 568532, 4195880; 568504, 
4195885; 568438, 4195877; 568415, 4195884; 568369, 4195942; 568308, 
4195962; 568267, 4196007; 568241, 4196050; 568185, 4196078; 568164, 
4196105; 568163, 4196194; 568143, 4196225; 568147, 4196311; 568139, 
4196326; 568116, 4196331; 568098, 4196351; 568070, 4196442; 568006, 
4196475; 567946, 4196576; 567895, 4196591; 567877, 4196608; 567877, 
4196672; 567904, 4196718; 567903, 4196845; 567841, 4196981; 567843, 
4197027; 567863, 4197091; 567878, 4197111; 567931, 4197134; 568010, 
4197128; 568025, 4197135; 568026, 4197148; 568027, 4197161; 567994, 
4197181; 567862, 4197169; 567735, 4197153; 567705, 4197163; 567671, 
4197196; 567560, 4197151; 567534, 4197164; 567501, 4197202; 567505, 
4197334; 567492, 4197351; 567418, 4197399; 567400, 4197427; 567405, 
4197450; 567468, 4197473; 567468, 4197516; 567371, 4197520; 567351, 
4197533; 567340, 4197576; 567365, 4197642; 567412, 4197711; 567415, 
4197734; 567361, 4197736; 567241, 4197606; 567205, 4197600; 567182, 
4197608; 567182, 4197638; 567197, 4197676; 567176, 4197765; 567153, 
4197788; 567117, 4197805; 567056, 4197817; 567030, 4197845; 567030, 
4197893; 567012, 4197906; 566989, 4197905; 566951, 4197880; 566936, 
4197826; 566909, 4197790; 566883, 4197790; 566826, 4197907; 566857, 
4197950; 566884, 4198016; 566950, 4198052; 566949, 4198088; 566926, 
4198154; 566905, 4198171; 566860, 4198174; 566811, 4198148; 566749, 
4198084; 566642, 4198088; 566616, 4198115; 566616, 4198146; 566646, 
4198179; 566646, 4198192; 566628, 4198220; 566609, 4198301; 566530, 
4198391; 566524, 4198432; 566562, 4198488; 566578, 4198659; 566555, 
4198658; 566505, 4198635; 566434, 4198556; 566406, 4198560; 566383, 
4198581; 566350, 4198631; 566323, 4198776; 566254, 4198846; 566233, 
4198894; 566174, 4198957; 566168, 4199021; 566137, 4199058; 566109, 
4199147; 566110, 4199254; 566127, 4199312; 566215, 4199501; 566275, 
4199593; 566287, 4199601; 566341, 4199604; 566396, 4199653; 566565, 
4199746; 566737, 4199831; 566760, 4199874; 566841, 4199875; 566828, 
4199913; 566833, 4199961; 566930, 4200163; 566919, 4200201; 566897, 
4200196; 566869, 4200137; 566776, 4200022; 566736, 4200001; 566657, 
4200001; 566637, 4199990; 566592, 4199916; 566562, 4199885; 566519, 
4199862; 566372, 4199812; 566296, 4199802; 566248, 4199753; 566078, 
4199749; 565996, 4199796; 565960, 4199796; 565958, 4199748; 565997, 
4199636; 566001, 4199570; 565971, 4199478; 565891, 4199325; 565871, 
4199325; 565807, 4199370; 565686, 4199435; 565566, 4199576; 565444, 
4199631; 565418, 4199725; 565367, 4199771; 565361, 4199832; 565343, 
4199842; 565242, 4199861; 565165, 4199912; 565125, 4199878; 565094, 
4199868; returning to 565010, 4199872; and excluding 569193, 4197159; 
569166, 4197029; 569175, 4196978; 569248, 4196700; 569266, 4196677; 
569414, 4196617; 569568, 4196517; 569801, 4196306; 569869, 4196304; 
569892, 4196317; 569924, 4196373; 569928, 4196541; 569950, 4196597; 
569983, 4196618; 570110, 4196619; 570145, 4196647; 570153, 4196683; 
570142, 4196705; 570096, 4196756; 570053, 4196771; 569989, 4196765; 
569890, 4196784; 569852, 4196799; 569808, 4196875; 569810, 4196906; 
569825, 4196929; 569984, 4197027; 570007, 4197067; 570026, 4197162; 
570054, 4197167; 570092, 4197152; 570156, 4197145; 570166, 4197155; 
570186, 4197222; 570289, 4197296; 570297, 4197314; 570296, 4197370; 
570253, 4197372; 570185, 4197349; 570106, 4197338; 570086, 4197348; 
570060, 4197378; 570060, 4197406; 570095, 4197459; 570109, 4197515; 
570162, 4197574; 570166, 4197717; 570203, 4197783; 570291, 4197903; 
570291, 4197964; 570305, 4198020; 570341, 4198061; 570399, 4198090; 
570467, 4198101; 570533, 4198101; 570683, 4198069; 570714, 4198039; 
570730, 4197999; 570778, 4197951; 570802, 4197893; 570858, 4197850; 
570915, 4197741; 570979, 4197686; 571068, 4197649; 571112, 4197621; 
571143, 4197571; 571296, 4197514; 571360, 4197476; 571446, 4197447; 
571479, 4197444; 571530, 4197458; 571626, 4197456; 571824, 4197514; 
571910, 4197512; 572007, 4197475; 572137, 4197446; 572188, 4197446; 
572370, 4197486; 572418, 4197512; 572555, 4197536; 572601, 4197508; 
572690, 4197542; 572736, 4197550; 572794, 4197523; 572845, 4197485; 
572899, 4197460; 572950, 4197455; 573062, 4197444; 573115, 4197462; 
573125, 4197475; 573112, 4197493; 573056, 4197494; 572937, 4197496; 
572873, 4197518; 572796, 4197594; 572788, 4197617; 572803, 4197696; 
572777, 4197700; 572765, 4197690; 572730, 4197616; 572661, 4197603; 
572626, 4197585; 572593, 4197579; 572552, 4197599; 572494, 4197599; 
572478, 4197609; 572476, 4197634; 572486, 4197662; 572526, 4197721; 
572525, 4197784; 572505, 4197792; 572492, 4197782; 572427, 4197641; 
572418, 4197603; 572397, 4197580; 572276, 4197574; 572174, 4197532; 
572139, 4197550; 572078, 4197552; 572067, 4197572; 572003, 4197642; 
571914, 4197657; 571850, 4197682; 571810, 4197684; 571777, 4197673; 
571675, 4197672; 571660, 4197690; 571583, 4197702; 571583, 4197776; 
571557, 4197775; 571517, 4197752; 571431, 4197744; 571428, 4197794; 
571372, 4197804; 571313, 4197837; 571186, 4197835; 571130, 4197870; 
571084, 4197916; 571076, 4197933; 571090, 4198033; 571072, 4198050; 
570963, 4198098; 570957, 4198123; 570970, 4198166; 571000, 4198194; 
571071, 4198218; 571098, 4198246; 571121, 4198284; 571120, 4198330; 
571108, 4198348; 571041, 4198380; 571036, 4198398; 571043, 4198444; 
571068, 4198513; 571103, 4198551; 571159, 4198582; 571179, 4198605; 
571211, 4198720; 571208, 4198773; 571187, 4198796; 571154, 4198795; 
570986, 4198618; 570917, 4198620; 570902, 4198595; 570885, 4198534; 
570867, 4198513; 570816, 4198518; 570788, 4198540; 570742, 4198619; 
570706, 4198656; 570675, 4198656; 570676, 4198626; 570702, 4198575; 
570702, 4198537; 570692, 4198527; 570651, 4198516; 570628, 4198526; 
570580, 4198574; 570534, 4198581; 570513, 4198606; 570457, 4198601; 
570447, 4198629; 570454, 4198705; 570430, 4198865; 570340, 4198940; 
570315, 4198940; 570307, 4198894; 570321, 4198808; 570303, 4198589; 
570275, 4198541; 570235, 4198533; 570165, 4198588; 570167, 4198669; 
570177, 4198705; 570176, 4198763; 570158, 4198809; 570138, 4198806; 
570118, 4198783; 570071, 4198658; 570040, 4198648; 569994, 4198688; 
569948, 4198705; 569908, 4198710; 569908, 4198687; 569916, 4198674; 
569936, 4198632; 569939, 4198591; 569932, 4198563; 569872, 4198471; 
569872, 4198451; 569943, 4198431; 569967, 4198396; 569969, 4198357; 
569912, 4198301; 569858, 4198278; 569851, 4198257; 569821, 4198227; 
569819, 4198173; 569829, 4198120; 569718, 4198099; 569692, 4198109; 
569597, 4198209; 569398, 4198385; 569349, 4198461; 569313, 4198461; 
569319, 4198412; 569458, 4198188; 569553, 4198084; 569630, 4197978;

[[Page 58214]]

569651, 4197935; 569667, 4197847; 569713, 4197799; 569698, 4197745; 
569676, 4197732; 569622, 4197727; 569553, 4197759; 569528, 4197759; 
569528, 4197731; 569569, 4197665; 569567, 4197615; 569540, 4197579; 
569535, 4197551; 569589, 4197508; 569600, 4197432; 569607, 4197427; 
569600, 4197396; 569516, 4197385; 569437, 4197395; 569343, 4197447; 
569323, 4197450; 569267, 4197416; 569209, 4197418; 569181, 4197393; 
569171, 4197372; 569169, 4197319; 569182, 4197258; returning to 569193, 
4197159.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 1 is provided in paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of 
this section.
    (7) Unit 2: Oakland-Las Trampas, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, 
California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale quadrangles Oakland East, Las Trampas 
Ridge, Diablo, and Hayward. Land bounded by the following UTM Zone 10, 
NAD83 coordinates (E, N): 571706, 4187420; 571707, 4187421; 571716, 
4187451; 571727, 4187468; 571744, 4187490; 571756, 4187508; 571757, 
4187509; 571759, 4187532; 571763, 4187571; 571791, 4187646; 571825, 
4187732; 571832, 4187744; 571768, 4187924; 571751, 4187967; 571760, 
4187990; 571768, 4188011; 571781, 4188026; 571784, 4188027; 571801, 
4188031; 571833, 4188037; 571847, 4188046; 571858, 4188064; 571875, 
4188082; 571889, 4188088; 571893, 4188091; 571896, 4188095; 571896, 
4188099; 571894, 4188105; 571889, 4188115; 571883, 4188127; 571882, 
4188131; 571881, 4188133; 571874, 4188139; 571867, 4188142; 571869, 
4188144; 571870, 4188147; 571873, 4188153; 571877, 4188157; 571881, 
4188161; 571886, 4188165; 571886, 4188165; 571887, 4188165; 571887, 
4188166; 571888, 4188166; 571970, 4188166; 572045, 4188160; 572146, 
4188147; 572259, 4188110; 572340, 4188072; 572447, 4188022; 572560, 
4187984; 572686, 4187965; 572824, 4187978; 572943, 4188003; 573050, 
4188034; 573163, 4188053; 573251, 4188072; 573371, 4188084; 573484, 
4188097; 573597, 4188103; 573710, 4188122; 573804, 4188122; 573898, 
4188116; 573986, 4188110; 574055, 4188110; 574149, 4188116; 574237, 
4188122; 574257, 4188128; 574325, 4188147; 574377, 4188181; 574417, 
4188200; 574462, 4188219; 574506, 4188251; 574532, 4188257; 574559, 
4188255; 574595, 4188243; 574671, 4188202; 574720, 4188178; 574784, 
4188151; 574851, 4188129; 574880, 4188128; 574915, 4188133; 574952, 
4188142; 574985, 4188145; 575011, 4188148; 575032, 4188129; 575085, 
4188086; 575123, 4188062; 575145, 4188029; 575188, 4187979; 575247, 
4187914; 575286, 4187884; 575323, 4187866; 575346, 4187881; 575374, 
4187887; 575422, 4187858; 575450, 4187851; 575471, 4187835; 575514, 
4187792; 575542, 4187762; 575570, 4187738; 575637, 4187712; 575669, 
4187690; 575696, 4187677; 575706, 4187662; 575710, 4187644; 575705, 
4187631; 575693, 4187617; 575685, 4187605; 575714, 4187557; 575731, 
4187532; 575756, 4187493; 575778, 4187453; 575796, 4187419; 575810, 
4187401; 575830, 4187378; 575844, 4187365; 575883, 4187331; 575900, 
4187309; 575938, 4187268; 575975, 4187234; 575999, 4187206; 576010, 
4187191; 576021, 4187178; 576025, 4187160; 576017, 4187139; 576025, 
4187109; 576034, 4187085; 576054, 4187060; 576071, 4187037; 576103, 
4186998; 576130, 4186976; 576151, 4186962; 576165, 4186950; 576214, 
4186909; 576246, 4186887; 576271, 4186860; 576285, 4186851; 576285, 
4186887; 576280, 4186901; 576305, 4186895; 576323, 4186892; 576351, 
4186868; 576365, 4186840; 576382, 4186826; 576403, 4186793; 576410, 
4186758; 576418, 4186721; 576422, 4186672; 576431, 4186640; 576455, 
4186595; 576483, 4186563; 576522, 4186540; 576540, 4186531; 576573, 
4186516; 576617, 4186500; 576647, 4186471; 576698, 4186434; 576741, 
4186412; 576784, 4186389; 576828, 4186362; 576865, 4186341; 576890, 
4186319; 576908, 4186301; 576918, 4186292; 576919, 4186268; 576939, 
4186211; 576961, 4186191; 576989, 4186123; 577003, 4186087; 577018, 
4186047; 577028, 4186006; 577037, 4185975; 577048, 4185937; 577052, 
4185907; 577044, 4185888; 577014, 4185884; 576994, 4185863; 576992, 
4185806; 577000, 4185748; 577000, 4185691; 576995, 4185650; 576987, 
4185615; 576986, 4185589; 576973, 4185569; 576956, 4185538; 576951, 
4185517; 576955, 4185497; 576969, 4185458; 576987, 4185413; 577009, 
4185384; 577020, 4185357; 577034, 4185341; 577052, 4185346; 577078, 
4185351; 577086, 4185361; 577101, 4185376; 577129, 4185377; 577159, 
4185364; 577219, 4185358; 577250, 4185388; 577260, 4185400; 577301, 
4185373; 577309, 4185354; 577320, 4185332; 577333, 4185301; 577351, 
4185280; 577383, 4185260; 577414, 4185254; 577441, 4185255; 577491, 
4185234; 577514, 4185223; 577544, 4185233; 577561, 4185255; 577570, 
4185278; 577567, 4185291; 577558, 4185302; 577542, 4185311; 577529, 
4185314; 577510, 4185312; 577520, 4185336; 577542, 4185344; 577559, 
4185346; 577583, 4185348; 577601, 4185349; 577630, 4185345; 577650, 
4185329; 577665, 4185322; 577679, 4185316; 577693, 4185306; 577707, 
4185296; 577729, 4185273; 577737, 4185264; 577734, 4185255; 577742, 
4185226; 577748, 4185173; 577764, 4185130; 577775, 4185083; 577782, 
4185053; 577802, 4185000; 577810, 4184990; 577859, 4184961; 577874, 
4184960; 577871, 4184928; 577885, 4184903; 577920, 4184864; 577939, 
4184840; 577985, 4184805; 578040, 4184768; 578085, 4184750; 578135, 
4184742; 578163, 4184741; 578187, 4184743; 578212, 4184749; 578243, 
4184761; 578249, 4184800; 578243, 4184825; 578238, 4184875; 578240, 
4184897; 578235, 4184935; 578230, 4184956; 578226, 4184993; 578220, 
4185031; 578216, 4185050; 578213, 4185073; 578227, 4185072; 578262, 
4185046; 578275, 4185042; 578287, 4185051; 578298, 4185075; 578294, 
4185105; 578281, 4185129; 578292, 4185145; 578303, 4185170; 578320, 
4185191; 578333, 4185222; 578332, 4185287; 578326, 4185329; 578311, 
4185376; 578300, 4185413; 578294, 4185471; 578284, 4185489; 578266, 
4185508; 578241, 4185518; 578222, 4185513; 578211, 4185495; 578209, 
4185446; 578215, 4185404; 578216, 4185342; 578209, 4185297; 578202, 
4185265; 578145, 4185242; 578137, 4185239; 578084, 4185239; 578033, 
4185229; 577980, 4185239; 577945, 4185275; 577934, 4185307; 577920, 
4185350; 577911, 4185403; 577904, 4185467; 577904, 4185506; 577904, 
4185540; 577907, 4185634; 577926, 4185691; 577956, 4185791; 577977, 
4185843; 577980, 4185850; 578013, 4185903; 578038, 4185917; 578073, 
4185943; 578101, 4185961; 578150, 4185972; 578206, 4185967; 578217, 
4185958; 578239, 4185947; 578287, 4185938; 578330, 4185930; 578387, 
4185914; 578427, 4185911; 578457, 4185918; 578486, 4185957; 578504, 
4185965; 578525, 4185975; 578554, 4185980; 578587, 4185973; 578628, 
4185976; 578678, 4185983; 578731, 4185995; 578768, 4186014; 578803, 
4186041; 578804, 4186044; 578881, 4186031; 579094, 4186094; 579221, 
4186099; 579275, 4186121; 579352, 4186171; 579424, 4186243; 579528, 
4186334; 579610, 4186361; 579700, 4186375; 579777, 4186343; 579800, 
4186343; 579913, 4186384; 580017, 4186438; 580053, 4186470; 580107, 
4186587; 580148, 4186623; 580148, 4186625; 580116, 4186705; 580107, 
4186773; 580053, 4186881; 579854, 4187288; 579795, 4187311; 579736, 
4187393; 579573, 4187424; 579456, 4187411; 579420, 4187442; 579415, 
4187469; 579397, 4187533; 579388,

[[Page 58215]]

4187573; 579352, 4187646; 579298, 4187791; 579212, 4187953; 579144, 
4188026; 579130, 4188071; 579003, 4188302; 578832, 4188302; 578773, 
4188324; 578732, 4188347; 578672, 4188405; 578748, 4188508; 578783, 
4188556; 578895, 4188582; 578900, 4188576; 578900, 4188576; 578917, 
4188593; 578922, 4188626; 578914, 4188660; 578936, 4188693; 578958, 
4188703; 578984, 4188719; 579018, 4188732; 579048, 4188745; 579062, 
4188775; 579063, 4188778; 579180, 4188868; 579109, 4188917; 579116, 
4188925; 579117, 4188956; 579104, 4188979; 579084, 4189001; 579054, 
4189040; 579046, 4189051; 579228, 4189052; 579246, 4189157; 579199, 
4189178; 579168, 4189192; 579243, 4189244; 579295, 4189281; 579295, 
4189354; 579217, 4189314; 579201, 4189306; 579150, 4189399; 579150, 
4189419; 579149, 4189477; 578994, 4189492; 578994, 4189414; 578649, 
4189419; 578612, 4189480; 578435, 4189486; 578438, 4189519; 578456, 
4189605; 578474, 4189645; 578501, 4189704; 578519, 4189713; 578551, 
4189736; 578619, 4189790; 578696, 4189835; 578723, 4189903; 578755, 
4189939; 578777, 4189976; 578786, 4190071; 578804, 4190138; 578845, 
4190206; 578881, 4190270; 578913, 4190272; 578896, 4190263; 578938, 
4190252; 578973, 4190242; 578980, 4190229; 579006, 4190209; 579036, 
4190186; 579037, 4190186; 579067, 4190163; 579085, 4190150; 579100, 
4190140; 579138, 4190138; 579147, 4190171; 579159, 4190185; 579175, 
4190206; 579190, 4190256; 579201, 4190290; 579241, 4190339; 579249, 
4190414; 579301, 4190411; 579350, 4190408; 579374, 4190373; 579419, 
4190349; 579483, 4190345; 579606, 4190266; 579629, 4190235; 579657, 
4190210; 579702, 4190197; 579793, 4190185; 579793, 4190185; 579906, 
4190178; 579954, 4190194; 580009, 4190148; 580042, 4190149; 580041, 
4190145; 580046, 4190149; 580041, 4190115; 580035, 4190084; 580020, 
4190025; 580019, 4190018; 580003, 4190002; 579976, 4189965; 579969, 
4189926; 579965, 4189870; 580170, 4189874; 580164, 4189928; 580241, 
4190157; 580242, 4190158; 580246, 4190154; 580346, 4190092; 580385, 
4190071; 580436, 4190051; 580513, 4190034; 580514, 4190033; 580610, 
4190033; 580609, 4190164; 580605, 4190346; 580606, 4190349; 580611, 
4190348; 580612, 4190348; 580654, 4190253; 580684, 4190258; 580696, 
4190261; 580714, 4190266; 580734, 4190284; 580653, 4190471; 580655, 
4190477; 580675, 4190477; 580712, 4190469; 580744, 4190468; 580766, 
4190473; 580737, 4190564; 580735, 4190566; 580742, 4190598; 580743, 
4190630; 580710, 4190650; 580654, 4190809; 580735, 4190839; 580737, 
4190842; 580737, 4190842; 580695, 4190930; 580686, 4190949; 580687, 
4190949; 580724, 4190994; 580781, 4191063; 580791, 4191055; 580848, 
4191065; 580843, 4191050; 580851, 4191011; 580866, 4190962; 580879, 
4190918; 580896, 4190914; 580914, 4190924; 580941, 4190951; 580964, 
4190983; 580965, 4190973; 580958, 4190948; 580962, 4190927; 580979, 
4190903; 580991, 4190885; 581002, 4190855; 581003, 4190844; 581003, 
4190819; 581010, 4190791; 581024, 4190776; 581032, 4190772; 581057, 
4190768; 581095, 4190770; 581125, 4190756; 581145, 4190739; 581166, 
4190732; 581172, 4190738; 581231, 4190723; 581287, 4190700; 581309, 
4190678; 581307, 4190657; 581304, 4190630; 581305, 4190612; 581316, 
4190579; 581314, 4190549; 581312, 4190549; 581193, 4190527; 581154, 
4190396; 581235, 4190263; 581268, 4190283; 581308, 4190236; 581390, 
4190258; 581420, 4190260; 581423, 4190218; 581421, 4190198; 581424, 
4190175; 581433, 4190158; 581444, 4190149; 581475, 4190122; 581508, 
4190096; 581533, 4190079; 581564, 4190066; 581594, 4190057; 581623, 
4190058; 581648, 4190061; 581697, 4190063; 581733, 4190071; 581789, 
4190070; 581825, 4190066; 581848, 4190054; 581868, 4190025; 581881, 
4190004; 581906, 4189988; 581942, 4189970; 581956, 4189958; 581977, 
4189921; 581997, 4189898; 582044, 4189871; 582080, 4189861; 582130, 
4189842; 582155, 4189819; 582170, 4189806; 582194, 4189778; 582219, 
4189760; 582245, 4189744; 582271, 4189729; 582295, 4189723; 582337, 
4189715; 582382, 4189698; 582415, 4189680; 582442, 4189639; 582450, 
4189615; 582462, 4189575; 582470, 4189554; 582476, 4189536; 582500, 
4189503; 582525, 4189470; 582542, 4189447; 582575, 4189400; 582602, 
4189346; 582625, 4189298; 582636, 4189283; 582645, 4189280; 582790, 
4189203; 582960, 4189113; 582985, 4189099; 583060, 4189078; 583061, 
4189078; 583273, 4189019; 583334, 4189094; 583230, 4189179; 583294, 
4189284; 583253, 4189439; 583286, 4189458; 583324, 4189584; 583108, 
4189725; 583075, 4189801; 583072, 4189804; 583072, 4189817; 583067, 
4189850; 583065, 4189867; 583083, 4189901; 583113, 4189936; 583126, 
4189941; 583165, 4189958; 583209, 4189971; 583220, 4189975; 583335, 
4189977; 583317, 4190355; 583314, 4190356; 583317, 4190357; 583312, 
4190446; 583307, 4190539; 583306, 4190565; 583336, 4190623; 583337, 
4190625; 583375, 4190663; 583397, 4190663; 583427, 4190663; 583499, 
4190656; 583573, 4190755; 583607, 4190801; 583610, 4190801; 583609, 
4190804; 583903, 4190822; 583907, 4190813; 583907, 4190812; 583907, 
4190812; 583968, 4190690; 583984, 4190656; 583994, 4190636; 584086, 
4190447; 584114, 4190392; 584026, 4190377; 583964, 4190357; 583968, 
4190277; 583887, 4190259; 583867, 4190323; 583808, 4190242; 583754, 
4190267; 583694, 4190209; 583774, 4190138; 583724, 4190064; 583745, 
4190051; 583765, 4190030; 583809, 4189998; 583874, 4189971; 583935, 
4189920; 583964, 4189871; 584061, 4189766; 584100, 4189670; 584145, 
4189630; 584135, 4189626; 584151, 4189608; 584174, 4189579; 584200, 
4189531; 584200, 4189531; 584140, 4189507; 584223, 4189404; 584197, 
4189361; 584148, 4189280; 584247, 4189222; 584458, 4189260; 584458, 
4189260; 584481, 4189245; 584499, 4189212; 584434, 4189155; 584443, 
4189073; 584546, 4189138; 584548, 4189129; 584535, 4189100; 584526, 
4189072; 584502, 4189015; 584497, 4189002; 584439, 4188974; 584349, 
4188983; 584349, 4188984; 584316, 4189004; 584279, 4189027; 584246, 
4189036; 584226, 4189016; 584283, 4188956; 584336, 4188914; 584451, 
4188841; 584511, 4188795; 584512, 4188795; 584450, 4188719; 584436, 
4188718; 584277, 4188712; 584279, 4188665; 584356, 4188523; 584380, 
4188523; 584376, 4188447; 584566, 4188447; 584581, 4188448; 584619, 
4188391; 584619, 4188391; 584619, 4188391; 584628, 4188377; 584646, 
4188316; 584649, 4188306; 584723, 4188326; 584741, 4188330; 584749, 
4188338; 584784, 4188367; 584780, 4188373; 584780, 4188373; 584805, 
4188338; 584972, 4188451; 584973, 4188448; 584975, 4188456; 584996, 
4188470; 585065, 4188374; 585116, 4188289; 585131, 4188251; 585134, 
4188226; 585137, 4188204; 585123, 4188175; 585157, 4188144; 585118, 
4188116; 585122, 4188112; 585224, 4187998; 585290, 4188057; 585291, 
4188058; 585293, 4188060; 585322, 4188086; 585387, 4188013; 585336, 
4187981; 585336, 4187981; 585365, 4187930; 585370, 4187915; 585386, 
4187889; 585406, 4187867; 585428, 4187842; 585456, 4187817; 585485, 
4187791; 585513, 4187772; 585531, 4187752; 585551, 4187731; 585570, 
4187704; 585585, 4187673; 585609, 4187636; 585628, 4187606; 585641, 
4187618; 585647, 4187621; 585695, 4187639; 585709, 4187663; 585711,

[[Page 58216]]

4187637; 585724, 4187602; 585751, 4187575; 585772, 4187535; 585780, 
4187519; 585714, 4187446; 585718, 4187289; 585719, 4187221; 585720, 
4187185; 585720, 4187184; 585721, 4187158; 585722, 4187101; 585729, 
4187080; 585729, 4187079; 585753, 4186996; 585808, 4186921; 585802, 
4186926; 585805, 4186922; 585819, 4186897; 585490, 4187081; 585466, 
4187094; 585461, 4186866; 585494, 4186824; 585533, 4186846; 585528, 
4186859; 585832, 4186868; 585831, 4186866; 585836, 4186869; 585891, 
4186735; 585890, 4186735; 585902, 4186689; 585720, 4186691; 585722, 
4186639; 585750, 4186637; 585748, 4186628; 585741, 4186562; 585765, 
4186486; 585761, 4186475; 585750, 4186437; 585719, 4186437; 585745, 
4186365; 585812, 4186380; 585837, 4186402; 585900, 4186394; 585934, 
4186390; 585988, 4186401; 585995, 4186425; 586025, 4186439; 586052, 
4186421; 586070, 4186435; 586124, 4186384; 586022, 4186289; 585996, 
4186269; 585948, 4186246; 585936, 4186157; 585782, 4186212; 585739, 
4186228; 585739, 4186098; 585739, 4185967; 585739, 4185809; 585955, 
4185947; 585968, 4185930; 585971, 4185926; 586013, 4185871; 585997, 
4185833; 585968, 4185760; 585991, 4185775; 586033, 4185726; 586039, 
4185719; 586083, 4185668; 586146, 4185594; 586168, 4185571; 586190, 
4185558; 586248, 4185471; 586238, 4185448; 586342, 4185521; 586356, 
4185501; 586400, 4185531; 586416, 4185526; 586433, 4185512; 586447, 
4185514; 586465, 4185507; 586474, 4185506; 586480, 4185503; 586484, 
4185499; 586500, 4185475; 586511, 4185461; 586533, 4185440; 586556, 
4185418; 586571, 4185396; 586577, 4185379; 586582, 4185359; 586591, 
4185354; 586610, 4185345; 586621, 4185333; 586631, 4185307; 586630, 
4185282; 586632, 4185254; 586645, 4185199; 586739, 4185019; 587160, 
4185020; 587162, 4185018; 587372, 4185015; 587384, 4185092; 587392, 
4185136; 587415, 4185157; 587435, 4185174; 587435, 4185174; 587435, 
4185174; 587485, 4185199; 587522, 4185217; 587567, 4185221; 587605, 
4185238; 587608, 4185239; 587627, 4185246; 587652, 4185256; 587659, 
4185258; 587690, 4185270; 587705, 4185252; 587705, 4185252; 587705, 
4185252; 587694, 4185239; 587695, 4185200; 587704, 4185161; 587721, 
4185124; 587743, 4185101; 587778, 4185076; 587811, 4185066; 587815, 
4185065; 587817, 4185064; 587833, 4185059; 587902, 4185111; 587946, 
4185154; 587948, 4185159; 587949, 4185158; 587966, 4185147; 587940, 
4185119; 587932, 4185097; 587882, 4185037; 587882, 4185037; 587773, 
4184945; 587740, 4184748; 587965, 4184460; 588249, 4184573; 588254, 
4184566; 588267, 4184561; 588288, 4184557; 588307, 4184559; 588337, 
4184571; 588367, 4184588; 588382, 4184598; 588415, 4184590; 588445, 
4184575; 588479, 4184530; 588503, 4184503; 588518, 4184470; 588536, 
4184433; 588551, 4184408; 588562, 4184384; 588573, 4184358; 588586, 
4184338; 588605, 4184310; 588617, 4184282; 588625, 4184258; 588629, 
4184245; 588642, 4184217; 588645, 4184210; 588655, 4184192; 588932, 
4184209; 588954, 4184164; 588958, 4184164; 588971, 4184151; 588990, 
4184113; 588997, 4184090; 589011, 4184066; 589027, 4184031; 589058, 
4183979; 589062, 4183958; 589063, 4183953; 589068, 4183934; 589058, 
4183925; 589050, 4183923; 589009, 4183924; 588941, 4183911; 588933, 
4183889; 588977, 4183792; 589121, 4183474; 589036, 4183450; 588877, 
4183409; 588629, 4183397; 588617, 4183343; 588585, 4183204; 588591, 
4183060; 588624, 4182930; 588678, 4182812; 588706, 4182764; 588643, 
4182720; 588685, 4182661; 588748, 4182704; 588822, 4182599; 589256, 
4182617; 589529, 4182206; 589528, 4182109; 589513, 4182107; 589491, 
4182097; 589486, 4182077; 589492, 4182044; 589492, 4182044; 589158, 
4182039; 589160, 4181853; 589160, 4181853; 589161, 4181806; 589162, 
4181692; 589042, 4181714; 588881, 4181517; 588560, 4181409; 588361, 
4181441; 588361, 4181490; 588355, 4181901; 588056, 4181855; 587726, 
4181803; 587756, 4181737; 587802, 4181752; 587849, 4181748; 587888, 
4181742; 587932, 4181736; 587948, 4181734; 587990, 4181758; 588068, 
4181705; 588152, 4181587; 588181, 4181541; 588177, 4181515; 588198, 
4181453; 588212, 4181343; 588241, 4181315; 588185, 4181121; 588188, 
4181098; 588168, 4181097; 588061, 4181063; 588040, 4181050; 588041, 
4181049; 588012, 4181034; 587891, 4180950; 587787, 4180869; 587690, 
4180958; 587565, 4180998; 587502, 4180998; 587384, 4180990; 587298, 
4181021; 587274, 4181092; 587274, 4181225; 587235, 4181398; 587188, 
4181515; 587055, 4181672; 586874, 4181861; 586670, 4181994; 586592, 
4181994; 586521, 4182017; 586474, 4182064; 586419, 4182096; 586372, 
4182112; 586333, 4182166; 586074, 4182355; 585792, 4182527; 585556, 
4182637; 585446, 4182692; 585266, 4182810; 585264, 4182807; 585015, 
4182457; 585015, 4182425; 585038, 4182355; 585046, 4182300; 585015, 
4182276; 584968, 4182198; 584944, 4182127; 584936, 4182049; 584968, 
4181915; 584999, 4181766; 584973, 4181615; 584952, 4181477; 584910, 
4181233; 584814, 4181063; 584825, 4180978; 584782, 4180936; 584750, 
4180819; 584251, 4180861; 583806, 4181031; 583392, 4181382; 582606, 
4182199; 581871, 4182797; 581863, 4182804; 581831, 4182687; 581842, 
4182581; 581820, 4182443; 581672, 4182273; 581672, 4182264; 581682, 
4182125; 581704, 4181997; 581672, 4181796; 581566, 4181605; 581544, 
4181477; 581619, 4181201; 581651, 4181010; 581629, 4180777; 581629, 
4180681; 581714, 4180639; 581873, 4180575; 581980, 4180479; 582001, 
4180278; 582033, 4180140; 582043, 4179917; 582107, 4179768; 582118, 
4179566; 582118, 4179120; 582224, 4179046; 582394, 4178961; 582457, 
4178823; 582574, 4178600; 582606, 4178399; 582691, 4178303; 582691, 
4178176; 582744, 4178059; 582680, 4177857; 582691, 4177730; 582797, 
4177443; 582882, 4177284; 582893, 4177231; 582935, 4177125; 583031, 
4177040; 583041, 4176944; 583036, 4176877; 582970, 4176854; 582939, 
4176805; 582913, 4176773; 582882, 4176745; 582837, 4176717; 582798, 
4176689; 582776, 4176658; 582779, 4176647; 582808, 4176613; 582856, 
4176588; 582882, 4176570; 582903, 4176548; 582904, 4176536; 582880, 
4176494; 582848, 4176440; 582838, 4176423; 582847, 4176412; 582869, 
4176398; 582894, 4176384; 582926, 4176371; 582955, 4176337; 582948, 
4176317; 582925, 4176285; 582894, 4176252; 582866, 4176226; 582862, 
4176182; 582866, 4176144; 582852, 4176123; 582826, 4176101; 582809, 
4176099; 582796, 4176101; 582771, 4176098; 582734, 4176089; 582719, 
4176075; 582669, 4176052; 582649, 4176039; 582635, 4176024; 582637, 
4175999; 582636, 4175967; 582649, 4175926; 582665, 4175887; 582686, 
4175855; 582712, 4175810; 582711, 4175783; 582708, 4175736; 582703, 
4175699; 582708, 4175669; 582720, 4175638; 582737, 4175608; 582724, 
4175597; 582712, 4175574; 582697, 4175554; 582699, 4175539; 582708, 
4175508; 582709, 4175506; 582687, 4175494; 582639, 4175468; 582618, 
4175434; 582641, 4175408; 582628, 4175357; 582630, 4175355; 582630, 
4175355; 582637, 4175343; 582647, 4175322; 582654, 4175300; 582653, 
4175291; 582607, 4175288; 582530, 4175262; 582496, 4175180; 582492, 
4175178; 582446, 4175182; 582316, 4175238; 582237, 4175262; 582171, 
4175315; 582104, 4175328; 582038, 4175304; 581925, 4175267; 581821,

[[Page 58217]]

4175262; 581715, 4175278; 581663, 4175293; 581607, 4175291; 581569, 
4175253; 581567, 4175251; 581567, 4175251; 581540, 4175233; 581440, 
4175350; 581239, 4175537; 581168, 4175640; 581136, 4175763; 581117, 
4176047; 581084, 4176190; 581052, 4176357; 581013, 4176538; 581026, 
4176687; 581175, 4176848; 581317, 4176900; 581427, 4176978; 581478, 
4177120; 581478, 4177236; 581311, 4177204; 581110, 4177062; 580942, 
4176919; 580833, 4176616; 580787, 4176396; 580820, 4176261; 580871, 
4176144; 580942, 4175989; 580858, 4175938; 580816, 4175992; 580805, 
4176080; 580690, 4176299; 580633, 4176448; 580621, 4176690; 580667, 
4176828; 579816, 4177334; 579793, 4177426; 579781, 4177564; 579793, 
4177737; 579793, 4177818; 579666, 4177956; 579597, 4178082; 579597, 
4178151; 579816, 4178174; 580000, 4178232; 580149, 4178335; 580264, 
4178485; 580172, 4178565; 580057, 4178807; 580011, 4178957; 579908, 
4179198; 579827, 4179463; 579770, 4179647; 579747, 4179808; 579741, 
4179808; 579597, 4179808; 579597, 4179818; 579589, 4179826; 579578, 
4179955; 579475, 4180043; 579404, 4180073; 579381, 4180108; 579322, 
4180131; 579301, 4180184; 579243, 4180206; 579225, 4180234; 579222, 
4180264; 579168, 4180310; 579168, 4180365; 579122, 4180398; 579124, 
4180423; 579184, 4180480; 579184, 4180531; 579103, 4180540; 579092, 
4180558; 579097, 4180586; 579117, 4180637; 579106, 4180677; 579119, 
4180718; 579134, 4180736; 579133, 4180772; 579092, 4180804; 579085, 
4180824; 579102, 4180853; 579120, 4180863; 579124, 4180921; 579155, 
4180952; 579228, 4181001; 579288, 4181123; 579287, 4181169; 579246, 
4181217; 579217, 4181298; 579220, 4181321; 579252, 4181357; 579326, 
4181398; 579440, 4181425; 579516, 4181458; 579558, 4181502; 579558, 
4181520; 579551, 4181527; 579482, 4181516; 579426, 4181488; 579343, 
4181482; 579282, 4181461; 579249, 4181464; 579208, 4181483; 579188, 
4181481; 579130, 4181437; 579089, 4181444; 579016, 4181426; 578993, 
4181433; 578980, 4181453; 578964, 4181519; 578933, 4181511; 578886, 
4181468; 578871, 4181419; 578846, 4181389; 578810, 4181383; 578767, 
4181426; 578756, 4181454; 578753, 4181492; 578727, 4181545; 578700, 
4181535; 578685, 4181440; 578696, 4181387; 578691, 4181347; 578663, 
4181351; 578653, 4181361; 578616, 4181458; 578593, 4181468; 578583, 
4181462; 578579, 4181384; 578567, 4181348; 578554, 4181340; 578498, 
4181342; 578473, 4181317; 578435, 4181334; 578379, 4181300; 578278, 
4181282; 578234, 4181297; 578216, 4181319; 578216, 4181360; 578258, 
4181462; 578203, 4181614; 578195, 4181665; 578172, 4181690; 578162, 
4181743; 578133, 4181778; 578120, 4181816; 578110, 4181824; 578102, 
4181877; 578028, 4181884; 578018, 4181894; 578007, 4181942; 578060, 
4182047; 578087, 4182080; 578105, 4182134; 578186, 4182134; 578183, 
4182165; 578173, 4182177; 578178, 4182208; 578195, 4182223; 578205, 
4182287; 578184, 4182315; 578189, 4182335; 578259, 4182442; 578355, 
4182504; 578413, 4182515; 578451, 4182561; 578517, 4182590; 578588, 
4182595; 578634, 4182575; 578700, 4182573; 578741, 4182554; 578777, 
4182508; 578810, 4182450; 578834, 4182374; 578868, 4182313; 578924, 
4182281; 578978, 4182228; 579031, 4182198; 579123, 4182199; 579201, 
4182182; 579322, 4182112; 579375, 4182123; 579473, 4182169; 579575, 
4182173; 579583, 4182183; 579580, 4182203; 579539, 4182238; 579539, 
4182264; 579627, 4182308; 579635, 4182321; 579644, 4182422; 579725, 
4182456; 579724, 4182487; 579714, 4182499; 579713, 4182593; 579713, 
4182613; 579680, 4182606; 579660, 4182580; 579650, 4182519; 579585, 
4182460; 579583, 4182366; 579561, 4182350; 579515, 4182350; 579444, 
4182293; 579399, 4182273; 579335, 4182270; 579302, 4182279; 579246, 
4182320; 579165, 4182329; 579109, 4182318; 579086, 4182331; 578999, 
4182426; 578962, 4182523; 578954, 4182571; 578928, 4182586; 578855, 
4182608; 578819, 4182648; 578778, 4182676; 578726, 4182734; 578693, 
4182723; 578648, 4182695; 578597, 4182700; 578567, 4182720; 578503, 
4182691; 578447, 4182696; 578414, 4182708; 578381, 4182741; 578361, 
4182728; 578349, 4182659; 578280, 4182623; 578227, 4182625; 578217, 
4182587; 578161, 4182571; 578149, 4182530; 578134, 4182505; 578058, 
4182461; 578062, 4182331; 578034, 4182301; 578030, 4182275; 577999, 
4182242; 577997, 4182221; 577987, 4182196; 577944, 4182157; 577907, 
4182114; 577886, 4182116; 577866, 4182136; 577840, 4182197; 577799, 
4182242; 577786, 4182275; 577775, 4182349; 577757, 4182377; 577759, 
4182433; 577728, 4182458; 577727, 4182539; 577702, 4182592; 577701, 
4182645; 577668, 4182681; 577664, 4182772; 577626, 4182802; 577661, 
4182902; 577628, 4182901; 577579, 4182886; 577531, 4182895; 577480, 
4182948; 577456, 4183001; 577408, 4183047; 577392, 4183074; 577401, 
4183204; 577421, 4183235; 577500, 4183258; 577535, 4183320; 577567, 
4183348; 577576, 4183472; 577644, 4183615; 577691, 4183682; 577711, 
4183750; 577734, 4183789; 577746, 4183842; 577766, 4183881; 577902, 
4184014; 577961, 4184136; 577989, 4184167; 578021, 4184251; 578021, 
4184274; 578021, 4184284; 578001, 4184282; 577971, 4184230; 577885, 
4184138; 577815, 4184011; 577770, 4183964; 577677, 4183905; 577667, 
4183872; 577538, 4183744; 577516, 4183655; 577436, 4183522; 577391, 
4183483; 577361, 4183475; 577305, 4183477; 577236, 4183535; 577167, 
4183550; 577090, 4183595; 577082, 4183613; 577084, 4183661; 577069, 
4183714; 577041, 4183721; 577008, 4183668; 576973, 4183660; 576939, 
4183680; 576891, 4183720; 576895, 4183796; 576869, 4183834; 576862, 
4183862; 576844, 4183862; 576834, 4183846; 576824, 4183790; 576773, 
4183790; 576694, 4183840; 576561, 4183973; 576550, 4183996; 576553, 
4184027; 576583, 4184085; 576572, 4184093; 576501, 4184100; 576455, 
4184145; 576403, 4184236; 576374, 4184358; 576351, 4184398; 576338, 
4184441; 576315, 4184479; 576289, 4184560; 576255, 4184603; 576224, 
4184671; 576139, 4184770; 576113, 4184876; 576092, 4184914; 576081, 
4185051; 576150, 4185217; 576233, 4185383; 576273, 4185436; 576371, 
4185526; 576381, 4185557; 576378, 4185590; 576360, 4185625; 576354, 
4185673; 576305, 4185813; 576266, 4185868; 576225, 4185906; 576194, 
4185966; 576192, 4185972; 576202, 4185995; 576204, 4186045; 576191, 
4186053; 576168, 4186032; 576151, 4186002; 576132, 4185831; 576150, 
4185786; 576205, 4185677; 576205, 4185662; 576215, 4185652; 576233, 
4185599; 576236, 4185517; 576227, 4185479; 576179, 4185428; 576064, 
4185201; 576034, 4185180; 575948, 4185090; 575908, 4185077; 575882, 
4185100; 575806, 4185145; 575772, 4185239; 575741, 4185271; 575667, 
4185294; 575657, 4185291; 575657, 4185258; 575696, 4185218; 575701, 
4185177; 575719, 4185154; 575722, 4185099; 575835, 4184985; 575864, 
4184912; 575897, 4184889; 575938, 4184841; 575990, 4184710; 576108, 
4184574; 576119, 4184551; 576121, 4184508; 576135, 4184470; 576258, 
4184319; 576266, 4184273; 576299, 4184215; 576308, 4184167; 576349, 
4184088; 576365, 4184017; 576399, 4183921; 576502, 4183787; 576600, 
4183618; 576689, 4183599; 576745, 4183551; 576865, 4183506; 576942, 
4183449; 576985, 4183441; 577125, 4183372; 577179, 4183324; 577177,

[[Page 58218]]

4183286; 577164, 4183260; 577160, 4183232; 577183, 4183197; 577186, 
4183154; 577178, 4183131; 577179, 4183072; 577187, 4183060; 577187, 
4182999; 577197, 4182986; 577213, 4182908; 577262, 4182875; 577280, 
4182850; 577298, 4182779; 577431, 4182704; 577465, 4182661; 577475, 
4182626; 577496, 4182588; 577540, 4182451; 577563, 4182416; 577569, 
4182317; 577611, 4182218; 577645, 4182162; 577691, 4182125; 577704, 
4182061; 577807, 4181869; 577869, 4181814; 577892, 4181746; 577962, 
4181675; 577969, 4181657; 577967, 4181612; 577920, 4181550; 577927, 
4181522; 577945, 4181500; 577984, 4181419; 577977, 4181388; 577959, 
4181378; 577868, 4181377; 577781, 4181419; 577727, 4181485; 577681, 
4181490; 577668, 4181530; 577617, 4181601; 577556, 4181628; 577507, 
4181610; 577482, 4181627; 577454, 4181670; 577422, 4181749; 577389, 
4181759; 577371, 4181774; 577358, 4181814; 577333, 4181847; 577309, 
4181920; 577253, 4181930; 577225, 4181955; 577222, 4181993; 577183, 
4182049; 577178, 4182079; 577155, 4182107; 577144, 4182150; 577134, 
4182163; 577083, 4182162; 577058, 4182172; 577047, 4182190; 576994, 
4182220; 576991, 4182271; 576952, 4182308; 576917, 4182333; 576883, 
4182376; 576847, 4182470; 576818, 4182498; 576800, 4182543; 576794, 
4182660; 576766, 4182710; 576679, 4182776; 576640, 4182816; 576568, 
4182930; 576545, 4182983; 576522, 4183010; 576506, 4183015; 576506, 
4183014; 576307, 4183277; 576275, 4183301; 576236, 4183342; 576193, 
4183382; 576165, 4183423; 576148, 4183458; 576107, 4183496; 576077, 
4183541; 576049, 4183586; 576019, 4183601; 575968, 4183612; 575931, 
4183608; 575914, 4183606; 575878, 4183623; 575850, 4183633; 575828, 
4183633; 575809, 4183636; 575785, 4183655; 575777, 4183670; 575766, 
4183706; 575743, 4183739; 575687, 4183747; 575670, 4183756; 575659, 
4183771; 575650, 4183794; 575610, 4183811; 575509, 4183871; 575486, 
4183893; 575476, 4183970; 575413, 4184009; 575325, 4184048; 575286, 
4184092; 575257, 4184150; 575208, 4184267; 575173, 4184358; 574651, 
4184981; 574584, 4185041; 574438, 4185139; 574346, 4185217; 574229, 
4185324; 574151, 4185382; 574063, 4185460; 573966, 4185529; 573834, 
4185650; 573795, 4185709; 573727, 4185821; 573639, 4185933; 573532, 
4186016; 573420, 4186079; 573298, 4186201; 573255, 4186220; 573201, 
4186245; 573147, 4186293; 573079, 4186381; 573031, 4186444; 572875, 
4186517; 572753, 4186581; 572690, 4186586; 572646, 4186595; 572568, 
4186644; 572529, 4186737; 572485, 4186771; 572280, 4186912; 572134, 
4187019; 572003, 4187141; 571939, 4187185; 571900, 4187234; returning 
to 571706, 4187420.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 2 (Unit 1, Unit 2, and Unit 6 (Map 2) 
follows:

BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 58219]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR02OC06.001

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C
    (8) Unit 3: Hayward-Pleasanton Ridge, Alameda County, California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale quadrangles Hayward, Newark, Dublin,

[[Page 58220]]

and Niles. Land bounded by the following UTM Zone 10, NAD83 coordinates 
(E, N): 585269, 4165999; 585371, 4166270; 585519, 4166567; 585450, 
4166770; 585431, 4166955; 585623, 4167122; 585713, 4167237; 585733, 
4167344; 585763, 4167406; 585800, 4167440; 585819, 4167443; 585875, 
4167470; 585920, 4167470; 585930, 4167470; 585952, 4167464; 585987, 
4167462; 586262, 4167359; 586524, 4167014; 586710, 4167050; 586725, 
4167112; 586738, 4167184; 586741, 4167200; 586738, 4167237; 586744, 
4167250; 586759, 4167275; 586746, 4167307; 586733, 4167314; 586730, 
4167349; 586719, 4167443; 586755, 4167465; 586782, 4167533; 586796, 
4167652; 586895, 4167475; 586894, 4167475; 586924, 4167422; 586941, 
4167422; 586973, 4167053; 587028, 4167054; 587029, 4167040; 587030, 
4167024; 587030, 4167024; 587030, 4167024; 587032, 4166970; 587059, 
4166943; 587086, 4166942; 587106, 4166933; 587159, 4166923; 587177, 
4166933; 587191, 4166944; 587201, 4166952; 587214, 4166964; 587245, 
4166945; 587312, 4166906; 587326, 4166909; 587355, 4166915; 587370, 
4166898; 587378, 4166889; 587442, 4166875; 587453, 4166885; 587525, 
4166937; 587579, 4166871; 587655, 4166806; 587755, 4166771; 587765, 
4166767; 587766, 4166404; 587767, 4166201; 587891, 4166132; 588035, 
4166079; 588064, 4166075; 588160, 4165989; 588151, 4165958; 588199, 
4165920; 588288, 4165905; 588435, 4165906; 588444, 4165874; 588460, 
4165492; 588106, 4165477; 588124, 4165066; 587770, 4165051; 587771, 
4164884; 588557, 4164310; 589385, 4164346; 589368, 4165876; 589365, 
4166259; 589175, 4166273; 589139, 4166304; 589139, 4166304; 589140, 
4166304; 589141, 4166304; 589143, 4166304; 589144, 4166304; 589145, 
4166304; 589146, 4166304; 589147, 4166304; 589148, 4166304; 589149, 
4166304; 589151, 4166304; 589152, 4166304; 589153, 4166304; 589154, 
4166304; 589155, 4166304; 589156, 4166304; 589157, 4166304; 589159, 
4166304; 589160, 4166304; 589161, 4166304; 589162, 4166304; 589163, 
4166305; 589164, 4166305; 589192, 4166310; 589200, 4166317; 589200, 
4166318; 589201, 4166318; 589201, 4166319; 589202, 4166319; 589202, 
4166320; 589202, 4166320; 589203, 4166321; 589203, 4166321; 589203, 
4166322; 589204, 4166322; 589204, 4166323; 589204, 4166323; 589204, 
4166324; 589205, 4166324; 589205, 4166325; 589205, 4166325; 589205, 
4166326; 589206, 4166327; 589206, 4166327; 589206, 4166328; 589206, 
4166328; 589206, 4166329; 589206, 4166329; 589206, 4166330; 589207, 
4166331; 589207, 4166331; 589207, 4166332; 589207, 4166332; 589207, 
4166333; 589207, 4166334; 589207, 4166334; 589207, 4166335; 589207, 
4166335; 589207, 4166336; 589207, 4166337; 589206, 4166337; 589206, 
4166338; 589206, 4166338; 589206, 4166339; 589206, 4166339; 589206, 
4166340; 589206, 4166341; 589205, 4166341; 589205, 4166342; 589205, 
4166342; 589205, 4166343; 589205, 4166343; 589204, 4166344; 589204, 
4166344; 589199, 4166354; 589198, 4166355; 589198, 4166355; 589198, 
4166356; 589198, 4166356; 589197, 4166356; 589197, 4166357; 589197, 
4166357; 589196, 4166358; 589196, 4166358; 589196, 4166358; 589195, 
4166359; 589195, 4166359; 589195, 4166359; 589194, 4166360; 589194, 
4166360; 589193, 4166360; 589193, 4166360; 589193, 4166361; 589192, 
4166361; 589192, 4166361; 589191, 4166361; 589191, 4166362; 589190, 
4166362; 589190, 4166362; 589189, 4166362; 589189, 4166362; 589188, 
4166363; 589188, 4166363; 589187, 4166363; 589187, 4166363; 589174, 
4166365; 589173, 4166366; 589172, 4166366; 589172, 4166366; 589171, 
4166366; 589171, 4166366; 589170, 4166366; 589169, 4166367; 589169, 
4166367; 589168, 4166367; 589167, 4166367; 589167, 4166368; 589166, 
4166368; 589166, 4166368; 589165, 4166369; 589164, 4166369; 589164, 
4166369; 589163, 4166370; 589145, 4166381; 589145, 4166381; 589144, 
4166382; 589144, 4166382; 589143, 4166382; 589143, 4166382; 589142, 
4166383; 589142, 4166383; 589141, 4166383; 589141, 4166383; 589140, 
4166383; 589140, 4166383; 589139, 4166384; 589139, 4166384; 589138, 
4166384; 589138, 4166384; 589137, 4166384; 589137, 4166384; 589136, 
4166384; 589136, 4166384; 589135, 4166384; 589134, 4166384; 589134, 
4166384; 589133, 4166384; 589133, 4166384; 589132, 4166384; 589132, 
4166384; 589131, 4166384; 589131, 4166384; 589130, 4166384; 589130, 
4166384; 589129, 4166383; 589129, 4166383; 589128, 4166383; 589128, 
4166383; 589122, 4166381; 589121, 4166380; 589121, 4166380; 589120, 
4166380; 589120, 4166380; 589119, 4166379; 589119, 4166379; 589118, 
4166379; 589118, 4166379; 589117, 4166378; 589117, 4166378; 589116, 
4166378; 589116, 4166377; 589100, 4166365; 589063, 4166369; 589063, 
4166369; 589003, 4166420; 588991, 4166418; 588913, 4166496; 589008, 
4166621; 588926, 4166711; 588883, 4166692; 588780, 4166774; 588757, 
4166753; 588501, 4166908; 588193, 4167217; 588192, 4167218; 588491, 
4167267; 588860, 4167493; 588871, 4167510; 588871, 4167510; 588551, 
4167496; 588495, 4168400; 588136, 4168395; 588130, 4168799; 587859, 
4168799; 587859, 4168847; 587327, 4169253; 586635, 4168711; 586635, 
4168711; 586635, 4168701; 586626, 4168705; 586571, 4168705; 586534, 
4168742; 586351, 4168898; 586259, 4168990; 586241, 4169091; 586186, 
4169137; 586149, 4169182; 586121, 4169237; 586094, 4169348; 586075, 
4169458; 586048, 4169614; 586048, 4169733; 586057, 4169870; 586167, 
4169971; 586314, 4170035; 586397, 4170091; 586470, 4170155; 586690, 
4170173; 586881, 4170173; 587061, 4170205; 587082, 4170332; 587050, 
4170596; 586818, 4170882; 586606, 4171263; 586468, 4171475; 586469, 
4171668; 586479, 4171682; 586502, 4171722; 586523, 4171744; 586553, 
4171782; 586571, 4171809; 586592, 4171842; 586603, 4171866; 586618, 
4171899; 586631, 4171917; 586643, 4171939; 586650, 4171954; 586655, 
4171964; 586665, 4171988; 586671, 4172002; 586680, 4172037; 586681, 
4172048; 586673, 4172077; 586667, 4172100; 586661, 4172111; 586651, 
4172125; 586637, 4172137; 586628, 4172145; 586597, 4172164; 586587, 
4172169; 586571, 4172174; 586528, 4172189; 586511, 4172196; 586487, 
4172206; 586437, 4172227; 586416, 4172240; 586374, 4172262; 586353, 
4172281; 586332, 4172299; 586318, 4172319; 586308, 4172335; 586299, 
4172351; 586291, 4172364; 586279, 4172382; 586273, 4172393; 586265, 
4172416; 586253, 4172437; 586248, 4172453; 586244, 4172468; 586244, 
4172482; 586244, 4172493; 586246, 4172512; 586250, 4172531; 586259, 
4172550; 586270, 4172585; 586282, 4172626; 586298, 4172653; 586313, 
4172673; 586325, 4172693; 586338, 4172714; 586349, 4172731; 586362, 
4172752; 586373, 4172770; 586384, 4172789; 586390, 4172810; 586393, 
4172819; 586399, 4172845; 586403, 4172869; 586404, 4172883; 586406, 
4172912; 586408, 4172921; 586412, 4172933; 586417, 4172946; 586436, 
4172958; 586460, 4172965; 586482, 4172977; 586497, 4172989; 586509, 
4173001; 586519, 4173012; 586535, 4173024; 586551, 4173037; 586562, 
4173049; 586582, 4173069; 586592, 4173077; 586608, 4173092; 586625, 
4173107; 586645, 4173124; 586664, 4173140; 586676, 4173149; 586689, 
4173161; 586706, 4173175; 586715, 4173184; 586724, 4173195; 586753, 
4173212; 586764, 4173214; 586788, 4173216; 586805, 4173223;

[[Page 58221]]

586825, 4173227; 586856, 4173232; 586887, 4173239; 586908, 4173243; 
586932, 4173245; 586958, 4173245; 586982, 4173250; 587010, 4173255; 
587033, 4173258; 587055, 4173264; 587084, 4173269; 587108, 4173270; 
587132, 4173273; 587171, 4173274; 587188, 4173277; 587242, 4173279; 
587272, 4173281; 587285, 4173281; 587309, 4173280; 587326, 4173280; 
587357, 4173279; 587389, 4173275; 587406, 4173275; 587429, 4173275; 
587463, 4173275; 587475, 4173276; 587493, 4173279; 587508, 4173280; 
587535, 4173281; 587544, 4173282; 587559, 4173282; 587583, 4173283; 
587609, 4173283; 587628, 4173284; 587653, 4173284; 587673, 4173285; 
587696, 4173286; 587708, 4173286; 587735, 4173286; 587751, 4173285; 
587762, 4173286; 587781, 4173286; 587811, 4173283; 587821, 4173283; 
587842, 4173286; 587872, 4173287; 587888, 4173291; 587901, 4173293; 
587915, 4173296; 587934, 4173298; 587955, 4173301; 587974, 4173305; 
588016, 4173304; 588037, 4173304; 588050, 4173302; 588092, 4173292; 
588108, 4173288; 588135, 4173280; 588151, 4173269; 588170, 4173262; 
588185, 4173256; 588193, 4173250; 588220, 4173238; 588252, 4173225; 
588272, 4173218; 588275, 4173213; 588529, 4173138; 588702, 4173099; 
588854, 4173025; 588988, 4172966; 589160, 4172888; 589260, 4172878; 
589278, 4172870; 589288, 4172866; 589303, 4172859; 589320, 4172852; 
589334, 4172847; 589349, 4172841; 589372, 4172834; 589405, 4172822; 
589419, 4172820; 589429, 4172817; 589450, 4172811; 589470, 4172806; 
589483, 4172803; 589516, 4172796; 589557, 4172780; 589566, 4172777; 
589578, 4172773; 589617, 4172759; 589631, 4172757; 589647, 4172753; 
589657, 4172751; 589675, 4172749; 589701, 4172744; 589711, 4172741; 
589726, 4172737; 589746, 4172728; 589756, 4172718; 589769, 4172707; 
589780, 4172691; 589785, 4172669; 589794, 4172663; 589804, 4172654; 
589820, 4172647; 589834, 4172643; 589850, 4172644; 589858, 4172649; 
589859, 4172653; 589866, 4172649; 590046, 4172523; 590097, 4172410; 
590195, 4172296; 590238, 4172275; 590281, 4172276; 590362, 4172317; 
590344, 4172351; 590351, 4172402; 590391, 4172433; 590434, 4172457; 
590508, 4172445; 590579, 4172428; 590606, 4172421; 590681, 4172527; 
590734, 4172567; 590740, 4172568; 590754, 4172571; 590773, 4172574; 
590779, 4172574; 590806, 4172547; 590818, 4172492; 590830, 4172479; 
591370, 4172472; 592495, 4172468; 592495, 4172469; 592548, 4172468; 
592577, 4172462; 592597, 4172459; 592634, 4172451; 592649, 4172452; 
592664, 4172451; 592673, 4172450; 592640, 4172397; 592706, 4172349; 
592766, 4172440; 592771, 4172439; 592861, 4172439; 592862, 4172439; 
592864, 4172331; 592864, 4172326; 592865, 4172264; 592830, 4172268; 
592821, 4172262; 592821, 4172246; 592824, 4172235; 592833, 4172217; 
592837, 4172207; 592848, 4172192; 592856, 4172180; 592737, 4172211; 
592697, 4172225; 592685, 4172236; 592665, 4172235; 592663, 4172209; 
592685, 4172164; 592723, 4172119; 592772, 4172075; 592810, 4172048; 
592804, 4172039; 592794, 4172026; 592792, 4172006; 592802, 4171984; 
592833, 4171939; 592851, 4171927; 592785, 4171852; 592786, 4171803; 
592891, 4171806; 592891, 4171773; 592888, 4171769; 592891, 4171690; 
592895, 4171678; 592891, 4171647; 592893, 4171628; 592898, 4171586; 
592901, 4171567; 592915, 4171539; 592936, 4171510; 592951, 4171498; 
592960, 4171492; 592977, 4171490; 592996, 4171486; 593012, 4171482; 
593024, 4171479; 593034, 4171475; 593054, 4171474; 593080, 4171484; 
593120, 4171492; 593139, 4171493; 593173, 4171488; 593197, 4171482; 
593206, 4171484; 593206, 4171506; 593200, 4171531; 593191, 4171562; 
593174, 4171601; 593174, 4171602; 593177, 4171602; 593208, 4171640; 
593231, 4171711; 593231, 4171748; 593214, 4171764; 593199, 4171788; 
593197, 4171793; 593225, 4171790; 593275, 4171783; 593317, 4171778; 
593352, 4171771; 593391, 4171762; 593406, 4171759; 593443, 4171753; 
593473, 4171758; 593530, 4171760; 593571, 4171766; 593604, 4171765; 
593640, 4171766; 593695, 4171758; 593753, 4171746; 593797, 4171730; 
593834, 4171710; 593880, 4171688; 593919, 4171664; 593943, 4171648; 
593976, 4171622; 594006, 4171600; 594023, 4171581; 594026, 4171548; 
593988, 4171476; 593945, 4171435; 593856, 4171366; 593770, 4171299; 
593712, 4171213; 593704, 4171136; 593710, 4171038; 593747, 4170958; 
593796, 4170879; 593869, 4170821; 593951, 4170779; 594017, 4170765; 
594079, 4170782; 594081, 4170783; 594082, 4170783; 594083, 4170786; 
594115, 4170830; 594117, 4170833; 594140, 4170830; 594148, 4170813; 
594157, 4170768; 594181, 4170752; 594213, 4170763; 594231, 4170797; 
594239, 4170832; 594253, 4170843; 594280, 4170811; 594301, 4170784; 
594315, 4170747; 594336, 4170717; 594355, 4170714; 594390, 4170713; 
594412, 4170728; 594542, 4170730; 594644, 4170753; 594708, 4170777; 
594756, 4170803; 594769, 4170807; 594790, 4170820; 594807, 4170831; 
594833, 4170845; 594836, 4170848; 594870, 4170864; 594881, 4170870; 
594969, 4170703; 595378, 4169293; 595550, 4169164; 595777, 4168678; 
596053, 4168453; 595932, 4168389; 595956, 4168312; 595958, 4168285; 
595947, 4168270; 595940, 4168263; 595917, 4168244; 595908, 4168229; 
595906, 4168217; 595903, 4168183; 595908, 4168151; 595926, 4168100; 
595939, 4168079; 595949, 4168069; 595964, 4168048; 595992, 4168019; 
596003, 4168015; 596031, 4168000; 596051, 4167990; 596073, 4167977; 
596091, 4167970; 596115, 4167950; 596133, 4167933; 596097, 4167900; 
596072, 4167808; 596097, 4167764; 596081, 4167684; 596062, 4167618; 
596084, 4167557; 596123, 4167529; 596159, 4167521; 596172, 4167485; 
596189, 4167440; 596206, 4167390; 596222, 4167369; 596230, 4167341; 
596233, 4167299; 596236, 4167275; 596241, 4167240; 596250, 4167212; 
596265, 4167160; 596273, 4167144; 596279, 4167135; 596288, 4167130; 
596303, 4167130; 596315, 4167130; 596344, 4167131; 596379, 4167138; 
596402, 4167142; 596430, 4167152; 596449, 4167157; 596471, 4167164; 
596487, 4167169; 596497, 4167171; 596508, 4167174; 596529, 4167177; 
596547, 4167178; 596572, 4167177; 596586, 4167166; 596602, 4167148; 
596616, 4167120; 596612, 4167094; 596595, 4167085; 596585, 4167071; 
596552, 4167061; 596542, 4167058; 596511, 4167052; 596482, 4167047; 
596472, 4167045; 596426, 4167035; 596393, 4167024; 596379, 4167007; 
596367, 4166977; 596361, 4166963; 596354, 4166945; 596359, 4166928; 
596363, 4166907; 596371, 4166892; 596385, 4166869; 596393, 4166857; 
596403, 4166835; 596404, 4166820; 596410, 4166793; 596421, 4166782; 
596433, 4166755; 596446, 4166722; 596455, 4166700; 596470, 4166674; 
596482, 4166654; 596488, 4166641; 596496, 4166622; 596510, 4166602; 
596522, 4166582; 596529, 4166569; 596543, 4166546; 596549, 4166527; 
596552, 4166516; 596561, 4166488; 596571, 4166455; 596582, 4166427; 
596594, 4166395; 596611, 4166366; 596618, 4166354; 596627, 4166340; 
596649, 4166312; 596672, 4166279; 596683, 4166265; 596692, 4166256; 
596721, 4166237; 596740, 4166223; 596748, 4166215; 596760, 4166201; 
596779, 4166183; 596786, 4166172; 596791, 4166159; 596788, 4166127; 
596779, 4166095; 596764, 4166067; 596750, 4166044; 596743, 4166014; 
596741, 4166001; 596737, 4165952; 596743, 4165927; 596754, 4165905;

[[Page 58222]]

596767, 4165888; 596785, 4165869; 596800, 4165854; 596816, 4165839; 
596845, 4165815; 596862, 4165797; 596880, 4165769; 596888, 4165756; 
596895, 4165731; 596904, 4165706; 596911, 4165691; 596930, 4165657; 
596942, 4165643; 596955, 4165629; 596978, 4165597; 597001, 4165568; 
597026, 4165541; 597037, 4165534; 597050, 4165529; 597093, 4165508; 
597105, 4165502; 597138, 4165479; 597160, 4165463; 597178, 4165446; 
597209, 4165422; 597220, 4165409; 597243, 4165385; 597263, 4165362; 
597275, 4165348; 597289, 4165326; 597307, 4165295; 597322, 4165272; 
597337, 4165251; 597353, 4165235; 597377, 4165210; 597423, 4165180; 
597442, 4165170; 597466, 4165157; 597503, 4165136; 597541, 4165121; 
597557, 4165115; 597593, 4165106; 597612, 4165120; 597621, 4165126; 
597632, 4165141; 597653, 4165161; 597682, 4165182; 597698, 4165198; 
597710, 4165209; 597728, 4165225; 597753, 4165242; 597777, 4165254; 
597797, 4165263; 597832, 4165279; 597860, 4165292; 597886, 4165300; 
597907, 4165281; 597928, 4165249; 597939, 4165230; 597948, 4165208; 
597957, 4165184; 597965, 4165174; 597972, 4165166; 597994, 4165152; 
598026, 4165151; 598052, 4165157; 598104, 4165164; 598149, 4165154; 
598170, 4165146; 598188, 4165136; 598205, 4165121; 598226, 4165079; 
598241, 4165068; 598255, 4165059; 598275, 4165038; 598299, 4165013; 
598316, 4164986; 598329, 4164959; 598344, 4164932; 598357, 4164898; 
598364, 4164869; 598369, 4164856; 598377, 4164835; 598389, 4164808; 
598401, 4164777; 598429, 4164725; 598438, 4164716; 598448, 4164710; 
598468, 4164691; 598478, 4164685; 598497, 4164678; 598519, 4164672; 
598546, 4164664; 598565, 4164657; 598588, 4164644; 598637, 4164618; 
598649, 4164613; 598665, 4164601; 598698, 4164578; 598718, 4164562; 
598727, 4164538; 598744, 4164497; 598751, 4164455; 598758, 4164425; 
598772, 4164378; 598780, 4164350; 598790, 4164316; 598804, 4164272; 
598820, 4164215; 598832, 4164180; 598846, 4164141; 598858, 4164110; 
598865, 4164093; 598873, 4164072; 598882, 4164049; 598896, 4164020; 
598912, 4163980; 598928, 4163941; 598944, 4163907; 598964, 4163866; 
598980, 4163838; 598999, 4163798; 599030, 4163743; 599049, 4163697; 
599076, 4163650; 599093, 4163620; 598650, 4163199; 598162, 4163032; 
597935, 4162556; 597447, 4162401; 596649, 4162377; 596727, 4161559; 
596679, 4161553; 596493, 4161501; 596337, 4161460; 596182, 4161377; 
595985, 4161325; 595978, 4161334; 595835, 4161377; 595690, 4161418; 
595607, 4161480; 595524, 4161563; 595452, 4161646; 595369, 4161750; 
595234, 4161812; 595130, 4161853; 595006, 4161884; 594871, 4161874; 
594799, 4161853; 594685, 4161791; 594623, 4161729; 594550, 4161667; 
594426, 4161553; 594374, 4161480; 594312, 4161377; 594271, 4161253; 
594229, 4161128; 594146, 4161066; 594053, 4161035; 593991, 4161045; 
593939, 4161087; 593898, 4161128; 593836, 4161190; 593815, 4161253; 
593815, 4161335; 593804, 4161418; 593794, 4161543; 593784, 4161667; 
593753, 4161781; 593670, 4161843; 593597, 4161864; 593483, 4161833; 
593359, 4161781; 593235, 4161729; 593110, 4161698; 593028, 4161719; 
592945, 4161750; 592841, 4161760; 592655, 4161791; 592530, 4161750; 
592489, 4161688; 592406, 4161605; 592334, 4161501; 592261, 4161429; 
592199, 4161335; 592095, 4161149; 592033, 4161025; 591992, 4160880; 
591950, 4160755; 591909, 4160704; 591795, 4160610; 591775, 4160603; 
591660, 4160559; 591567, 4160486; 591464, 4160424; 591407, 4160360; 
590912, 4160704; 589936, 4161024; 589484, 4161385; 588893, 4161607; 
588409, 4162058; 588155, 4162354; 587761, 4162321; 587490, 4162378; 
587244, 4162641; 586956, 4162846; 586784, 4162879; 586784, 4162887; 
586790, 4163066; 586792, 4163117; 586769, 4163141; 586644, 4163273; 
586431, 4163527; 586291, 4163766; 586168, 4163954; 586029, 4164176; 
585897, 4164233; 585807, 4164324; 585717, 4164644; 585716, 4164653; 
585712, 4164739; 585701, 4164972; 585701, 4164986; 585712, 4165171; 
585832, 4165497; 585658, 4165554; 585646, 4165742; 585381, 4165840; 
returning to 585269, 4165999.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 3 (Map 3) follows:

BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 58223]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR02OC06.002

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C
    (9) Unit 4: Mount Diablo-Black Hills, Contra Costa County, 
California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale quadrangles Diablo, Tassajara, Walnut

[[Page 58224]]

Creek, Clayton. Land bounded by the following UTM Zone 10, NAD83 
coordinates (E, N): 587469, 4194136; 587939, 4194568; 588429, 4194484; 
588517, 4194568; 588718, 4194677; 588869, 4194828; 588894, 4194853; 
588913, 4194953; 588927, 4195024; 588899, 4195658; 588832, 4195885; 
588601, 4196521; 588591, 4196523; 588592, 4196524; 588541, 4196661; 
588513, 4196736; 588530, 4196754; 588603, 4196809; 588653, 4196812; 
588711, 4196735; 588752, 4196709; 588774, 4196773; 588822, 4196829; 
588817, 4196858; 588874, 4196856; 588923, 4196851; 588978, 4196874; 
589014, 4196931; 589062, 4196960; 589090, 4196976; 589125, 4197042; 
589163, 4197117; 589092, 4197248; 589049, 4197337; 588951, 4197415; 
588878, 4197515; 588807, 4197513; 588719, 4197544; 588683, 4197488; 
588634, 4197493; 588606, 4197473; 588481, 4197436; 588514, 4197345; 
588387, 4197362; 588264, 4197341; 588239, 4197371; 588153, 4197461; 
588048, 4197462; 587967, 4197688; 587998, 4197701; 588197, 4197775; 
588208, 4197815; 588219, 4197874; 588215, 4197923; 588179, 4197993; 
588116, 4198041; 588057, 4198145; 588027, 4198240; 588069, 4198275; 
588049, 4198330; 587987, 4198461; 587703, 4198447; 587617, 4198658; 
587635, 4198690; 587734, 4198896; 587828, 4199024; 587977, 4199159; 
588113, 4199284; 588173, 4199495; 588149, 4199683; 588155, 4199884; 
588155, 4199906; 588211, 4200053; 588236, 4200118; 588304, 4200203; 
588318, 4200196; 588335, 4200186; 588440, 4200119; 588492, 4199940; 
588634, 4199995; 588719, 4199995; 588818, 4199983; 588976, 4199963; 
589017, 4199991; 589071, 4200049; 589154, 4200075; 589213, 4200087; 
589189, 4200499; 589188, 4200511; 589337, 4200529; 589399, 4200536; 
589557, 4200549; 589631, 4200554; 589707, 4200525; 589737, 4200514; 
589698, 4200337; 589687, 4199962; 589926, 4199910; 590103, 4199986; 
590148, 4200033; 590148, 4200067; 590152, 4200123; 590162, 4200201; 
590195, 4200260; 590211, 4200273; 590238, 4200140; 590238, 4199868; 
590238, 4199631; 590146, 4199425; 590144, 4199402; 590129, 4199228; 
590122, 4199141; 589488, 4199124; 589423, 4199065; 589384, 4199049; 
589399, 4198938; 589438, 4198871; 589480, 4198804; 589452, 4198667; 
589395, 4198502; 589397, 4198419; 589504, 4198350; 589776, 4198339; 
589897, 4198345; 589993, 4198339; 590092, 4198309; 590129, 4198284; 
590129, 4198131; 590238, 4197805; 590509, 4197805; 590528, 4197805; 
590889, 4197805; 591201, 4197805; 591211, 4197738; 591216, 4197601; 
591211, 4197496; 591268, 4197411; 591415, 4197312; 591576, 4197402; 
591596, 4197423; 591704, 4197099; 591866, 4196983; 592467, 4197245; 
593008, 4197752; 593012, 4198200; 593037, 4198195; 593799, 4198194; 
593804, 4198194; 593802, 4197973; 593800, 4197665; 594249, 4197677; 
594262, 4197408; 594618, 4197387; 594647, 4196609; 595450, 4196605; 
595458, 4195926; 595671, 4195936; 595674, 4196109; 596111, 4196119; 
596027, 4195950; 596184, 4195952; 596281, 4196126; 597137, 4196128; 
597151, 4194892; 598757, 4194910; 598752, 4195293; 598936, 4195287; 
598872, 4195917; 598742, 4196057; 597972, 4196028; 597966, 4196498; 
598436, 4196509; 598524, 4196362; 598740, 4196238; 598741, 4196154; 
598976, 4195997; 598984, 4195971; 599024, 4195342; 599136, 4194911; 
599038, 4194400; 599071, 4194357; 599349, 4194091; 597975, 4194029; 
597956, 4193671; 597159, 4193680; 597159, 4193266; 596748, 4193261; 
596778, 4192517; 597149, 4192513; 597156, 4189977; 597242, 4189986; 
597514, 4189551; 597894, 4189334; 598165, 4189117; 598491, 4188791; 
598709, 4188511; 598753, 4188511; 598753, 4188455; 598871, 4188302; 
599577, 4188411; 600012, 4188411; 600446, 4187977; 600880, 4187651; 
601695, 4186728; 602129, 4186456; 602944, 4185370; 603324, 4185153; 
603650, 4184936; 603779, 4184807; 603542, 4184796; 601470, 4184564; 
600272, 4184571; 600238, 4184570; 600195, 4184570; 600147, 4184570; 
599989, 4184567; 599977, 4184239; 599550, 4184239; 599550, 4183913; 
599340, 4184011; 598785, 4184138; 598786, 4184147; 598772, 4184597; 
598771, 4184647; 598763, 4185302; 598761, 4185412; 598758, 4185541; 
598755, 4185742; 598755, 4185749; 598754, 4185765; 598750, 4186082; 
598639, 4186080; 598470, 4186163; 598367, 4186076; 598252, 4186058; 
598249, 4186065; 598207, 4186074; 598159, 4186018; 598117, 4186002; 
598011, 4185918; 597984, 4185821; 597924, 4185799; 597753, 4185622; 
597719, 4185636; 597626, 4185685; 597525, 4185702; 597426, 4185779; 
597369, 4185868; 597416, 4185961; 597493, 4186033; 597548, 4185942; 
597641, 4185957; 597599, 4186043; 597618, 4186093; 597687, 4186112; 
597752, 4186146; 597745, 4186227; 597804, 4186333; 597826, 4186358; 
597805, 4186397; 597766, 4186378; 597734, 4186380; 597646, 4186425; 
597605, 4186411; 597553, 4186316; 597463, 4186346; 597449, 4186405; 
597478, 4186430; 597464, 4186469; 597413, 4186463; 597382, 4186509; 
597327, 4186508; 597309, 4186656; 597316, 4186737; 597342, 4186783; 
597337, 4186788; 597354, 4186834; 597403, 4186877; 597481, 4186910; 
597469, 4186984; 597351, 4186920; 597272, 4186833; 597170, 4186823; 
597163, 4186771; 597203, 4186697; 597206, 4186686; 597204, 4186675; 
597127, 4186611; 597023, 4186628; 596933, 4186658; 596921, 4186625; 
596959, 4186587; 596961, 4186540; 597091, 4186479; 597095, 4186403; 
597103, 4186386; 597151, 4186191; 597107, 4186163; 596981, 4186073; 
596847, 4186065; 596749, 4186139; 596747, 4186198; 596669, 4186270; 
596665, 4186338; 596691, 4186540; 596643, 4186586; 596616, 4186654; 
596575, 4186713; 596484, 4186784; 596407, 4186701; 596360, 4186729; 
596334, 4186756; 596317, 4186745; 596281, 4186732; 596201, 4186675; 
596157, 4186654; 596097, 4186656; 596025, 4186654; 595957, 4186653; 
595747, 4186647; 595746, 4186683; 596008, 4186985; 596001, 4187244; 
595730, 4187237; 595719, 4187540; 595808, 4187704; 595759, 4187758; 
595729, 4187774; 595703, 4187743; 595667, 4187710; 595585, 4187614; 
595558, 4187648; 595528, 4187667; 595499, 4187679; 595487, 4187698; 
595468, 4187800; 595447, 4187855; 595413, 4187888; 595429, 4187967; 
595434, 4188064; 595407, 4188098; 595386, 4188085; 595340, 4188061; 
595350, 4188041; 595347, 4187986; 595324, 4187940; 595291, 4187920; 
595266, 4187812; 595294, 4187742; 595299, 4187714; 595293, 4187693; 
595257, 4187654; 595225, 4187582; 595197, 4187526; 595193, 4187381; 
595173, 4187306; 595140, 4187260; 595071, 4187230; 595069, 4187225; 
595055, 4187217; 595022, 4187220; 594918, 4187213; 594836, 4187242; 
594742, 4187278; 594650, 4187314; 594641, 4187318; 594544, 4187327; 
594544, 4187327; 594443, 4187362; 594349, 4187395; 594305, 4187448; 
594282, 4187528; 594262, 4187601; 594259, 4187610; 594243, 4187669; 
594230, 4187682; 594226, 4187687; 594226, 4187719; 594228, 4187774; 
594222, 4187774; 593800, 4187766; 593776, 4187904; 593715, 4187966; 
593667, 4187969; 593636, 4187970; 593366, 4187931; 593343, 4187957; 
593320, 4187982; 593151, 4187981; 593144, 4187981; 593142, 4187978; 
593010, 4188098; 592921, 4188293; 592931, 4188292; 592842, 4188494; 
592804, 4188582; 592739, 4188729; 592734, 4188740; 592670, 4188720; 
592613, 4188713; 592610, 4188712; 592607, 4188712; 592607, 4188718;

[[Page 58225]]

592608, 4188849; 592585, 4188842; 592585, 4188842; 592563, 4188852; 
592554, 4188879; 592548, 4188897; 592581, 4188931; 592583, 4188954; 
592400, 4189066; 592401, 4189071; 592408, 4189112; 592415, 4189115; 
592460, 4189134; 592442, 4189198; 592436, 4189221; 592206, 4189212; 
592206, 4189328; 592216, 4189495; 592268, 4189579; 592267, 4189601; 
592258, 4189791; 592258, 4189799; 592373, 4189936; 592436, 4190030; 
592541, 4190082; 592625, 4190103; 592625, 4190449; 592531, 4190449; 
592436, 4190460; 592363, 4190481; 592300, 4190460; 592216, 4190491; 
592101, 4190533; 591996, 4190596; 591881, 4190690; 591839, 4190764; 
591797, 4190837; 591775, 4190852; 591734, 4190879; 591639, 4190932; 
591493, 4191047; 591445, 4191063; 591429, 4191068; 591304, 4191110; 
591241, 4191162; 591105, 4191267; 591010, 4191267; 590916, 4191298; 
590843, 4191246; 590843, 4191120; 590798, 4191044; 590769, 4190994; 
590692, 4191040; 590643, 4191068; 590570, 4191120; 590507, 4191141; 
590423, 4191246; 590339, 4191372; 590266, 4191382; 590245, 4191414; 
590235, 4191634; 590140, 4191917; 589899, 4191739; 589857, 4191686; 
589763, 4191487; 589648, 4191519; 589480, 4191529; 589333, 4191508; 
589092, 4191676; 589040, 4191644; 588977, 4191644; 588851, 4191686; 
588851, 4191704; 588851, 4191728; 588966, 4191969; 588977, 4192085; 
588966, 4192116; 588872, 4192158; 588809, 4192252; 588809, 4192305; 
588725, 4192483; 588788, 4192619; 588746, 4192630; 588694, 4192630; 
588536, 4192777; 588410, 4192861; 588295, 4192944; 588295, 4193007; 
588264, 4193154; 588159, 4193238; 588096, 4193353; 587700, 4193738; 
returning to 587469, 4194136.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 4 (Map 4) follows:
BILLING CODE 4310[ndsh]55-P

[[Page 58226]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR02OC06.003

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C

[[Page 58227]]

    (10) Unit 5A: Cedar Mountain, Alameda and San Joaquin Counties, 
California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale quadrangles Altamont, Midway, 
Mendenhall Springs, and Cedar Mtn. Land bounded by the following UTM 
Zone 10, NAD83 coordinates (E, N): 624962, 4170579; 625090, 4170515; 
625154, 4170515; 625282, 4170515; 625474, 4170515; 625645, 4170558; 
625731, 4170366; 625837, 4170216; 626179, 4170216; 626478, 4170066; 
626585, 4170066; 626607, 4170195; 626586, 4170399; 626612, 4170390; 
626615, 4170402; 626626, 4170412; 626629, 4170422; 626647, 4170434; 
626684, 4170436; 626707, 4170437; 626747, 4170425; 626770, 4170407; 
626790, 4170391; 626813, 4170378; 626916, 4170347; 626952, 4170323; 
626958, 4170301; 626972, 4170253; 626979, 4170229; 626989, 4170208; 
627014, 4170156; 627029, 4170132; 627056, 4170089; 627067, 4170049; 
627082, 4170002; 627104, 4169947; 627139, 4169865; 627167, 4169809; 
627195, 4169785; 627228, 4169767; 627251, 4169785; 627304, 4169793; 
627382, 4169802; 627397, 4169763; 627414, 4169719; 627433, 4169669; 
627458, 4169619; 627478, 4169587; 627515, 4169552; 627558, 4169537; 
627589, 4169507; 627605, 4169498; 627635, 4169480; 627660, 4169479; 
627680, 4169489; 627710, 4169497; 627746, 4169507; 627774, 4169519; 
627799, 4169530; 627821, 4169526; 627879, 4169517; 627925, 4169510; 
627973, 4169509; 628048, 4169503; 628109, 4169500; 628174, 4169480; 
628209, 4169464; 628262, 4169442; 628292, 4169436; 628335, 4169426; 
628368, 4169417; 628404, 4169394; 628430, 4169357; 628450, 4169311; 
628467, 4169264; 628487, 4169239; 628505, 4169216; 628508, 4169199; 
628522, 4169179; 628555, 4169134; 628575, 4169119; 628598, 4169094; 
628639, 4169047; 628666, 4169011; 628750, 4168928; 628805, 4168875; 
628842, 4168896; 628863, 4168894; 628886, 4168893; 628938, 4168875; 
628971, 4168851; 629006, 4168810; 629023, 4168784; 629021, 4168755; 
629020, 4168729; 629029, 4168691; 629039, 4168653; 629035, 4168625; 
629041, 4168604; 629049, 4168574; 629076, 4168531; 629098, 4168485; 
629141, 4168434; 629182, 4168396; 629196, 4168394; 629218, 4168381; 
629270, 4168352; 629286, 4168227; 629286, 4168009; 629326, 4167870; 
629564, 4167612; 629544, 4167413; 629524, 4167116; 629504, 4166838; 
629643, 4166600; 629683, 4166342; 629584, 4166104; 629385, 4165985; 
629167, 4166005; 628671, 4165925; 628532, 4165786; 628314, 4165628; 
628155, 4165370; 627897, 4165012; 627738, 4164655; 627599, 4164358; 
627183, 4164020; 626925, 4163643; 626925, 4163246; 627024, 4162929; 
627202, 4162770; 627163, 4162631; 626845, 4162393; 626627, 4162175; 
626250, 4161996; 625774, 4161798; 625416, 4161758; 625297, 4161540; 
625357, 4161341; 625615, 4161063; 625952, 4160647; 626270, 4160389; 
626309, 4160091; 626250, 4159575; 626270, 4159377; 626409, 4159139; 
626349, 4158781; 626369, 4158385; 626239, 4157942; 626171, 4157710; 
625893, 4157511; 625674, 4157492; 625436, 4157630; 625278, 4157531; 
624901, 4157571; 624762, 4157412; 624524, 4157313; 624206, 4157293; 
623809, 4157293; 623373, 4157273; 623369, 4157265; 623273, 4157015; 
622122, 4157293; 621011, 4157928; 620436, 4158722; 619801, 4159258; 
619761, 4159774; 619543, 4159754; 619166, 4159694; 618888, 4159734; 
618531, 4159774; 618293, 4159833; 617896, 4159774; 617538, 4159694; 
617360, 4159436; 616983, 4159337; 616586, 4159218; 615732, 4159484; 
615878, 4159699; 615819, 4160001; 615780, 4160265; 615771, 4160548; 
615878, 4160899; 615917, 4161191; 615790, 4161328; 615771, 4161679; 
615653, 4162020; 615897, 4162459; 616170, 4162645; 616375, 4163064; 
616328, 4163465; 616368, 4163901; 616308, 4164397; 616658, 4164712; 
616715, 4164704; 616865, 4164811; 617057, 4164918; 617164, 4165025; 
617207, 4165153; 617249, 4165196; 617484, 4165260; 617698, 4165260; 
617912, 4165260; 618061, 4165174; 618296, 4165025; 618339, 4164896; 
618446, 4164896; 618531, 4164854; 618659, 4164768; 618745, 4164597; 
618830, 4164533; 618873, 4164405; 618980, 4164362; 619108, 4164362; 
619236, 4164234; 619514, 4163999; 619599, 4163978; 619792, 4163935; 
619941, 4163871; 620048, 4163871; 620133, 4163743; 620411, 4163743; 
620603, 4163572; 620689, 4163572; 620796, 4163529; 621137, 4163422; 
621244, 4163444; 621437, 4163358; 621543, 4163316; 621672, 4163294; 
621800, 4163187; 621821, 4162995; 621832, 4163004; 622206, 4163294; 
622206, 4163465; 622206, 4163572; 622248, 4163679; 622013, 4163935; 
621928, 4163956; 621800, 4163999; 621736, 4164085; 621714, 4164277; 
621565, 4164341; 621415, 4164384; 621372, 4164576; 621330, 4164640; 
621266, 4164726; 621266, 4164832; 621415, 4164961; 621522, 4165046; 
621650, 4165131; 621714, 4165238; 621693, 4165345; 621672, 4165473; 
621714, 4165580; 621693, 4165815; 621607, 4165965; 621586, 4166071; 
621565, 4166232; 621565, 4166285; 621650, 4166520; 621821, 4166712; 
622013, 4166926; 622099, 4166947; 622334, 4167140; 622547, 4167204; 
622633, 4167289; 622590, 4167396; 622526, 4167588; 622526, 4167866; 
622526, 4167994; 622483, 4168144; 622462, 4168315; 622676, 4168528; 
622782, 4168742; 622782, 4168891; 622654, 4169020; 622505, 4169126; 
622355, 4169126; 622377, 4169233; 622419, 4169426; 622419, 4169596; 
622419, 4169767; 622312, 4169810; 624150, 4169789; 624342, 4169874; 
624492, 4170024; 624492, 4170152; 624492, 4170323; 624534, 4170494; 
624705, 4170601; 624833, 4170643; returning to 624962, 4170579.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 5A is provided in paragraph (11)(ii) of this 
section.
    (11) Unit 5B; Alameda County and Santa Clara County, California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale quadrangles Niles, La Costa Valley, 
Mendenhall Springs, Calaveras Reservoir, Mt. Day. Land bounded by the 
following UTM Zone 10, NAD83 coordinates (E, N): 602197, 4155953; 
602394, 4155892; 602698, 4155953; 602747, 4156027; 603122, 4156019; 
603577, 4155710; 603854, 4155726; 603919, 4155564; 604114, 4155499; 
604130, 4155353; 604634, 4155174; 604797, 4154979; 605138, 4155483; 
605561, 4155580; 605805, 4155743; 606943, 4154914; 607089, 4154702; 
607349, 4154670; 607658, 4154410; 607772, 4154166; 608146, 4153922; 
608309, 4153499; 608585, 4153402; 608666, 4153255; 608926, 4153255; 
609203, 4153125; 609284, 4152979; 609609, 4152995; 610195, 4152816; 
610634, 4152394; 610699, 4152198; 611398, 4152198; 611983, 4152475; 
612373, 4152475; 612650, 4152361; 613056, 4152540; 613446, 4152524; 
613593, 4152361; 614487, 4151955; 614617, 4151961; 614780, 4151820; 
614962, 4151397; 614905, 4151070; 615116, 4150964; 615241, 4150715; 
615366, 4150801; 615750, 4150782; 616019, 4150206; 616192, 4150109; 
616413, 4149812; 616499, 4149254; 616134, 4148909; 615641, 4148634; 
615372, 4147941; 614624, 4147768; 614579, 4147670; 614189, 4147648; 
613874, 4147530; 613683, 4147420; 613492, 4147170; 613184, 4147002; 
613007, 4146920; 612824, 4147011; 612733, 4146904; 612627, 4146904; 
612475, 4146920; 612323, 4147102; 611959, 4147102; 611701, 4147481; 
611337, 4147588; 611185, 4147542; 610866, 4148043; 610638, 4148134; 
610699, 4148241; 610623, 4148301; 610365, 4148286; 610365, 4148362; 
610092, 4148575; 609849, 4148575; 609257, 4148800; 609257, 4149227;

[[Page 58228]]

609090, 4149379; 608771, 4149288; 608391, 4149531; 608057, 4149516; 
607693, 4149789; 607161, 4149470; 606645, 4149546; 606478, 4149956; 
606463, 4150457; 606387, 4150518; 605901, 4150472; 605795, 4150563; 
605750, 4150913; 605628, 4151034; 605036, 4151186; 604763, 4151398; 
604186, 4151429; 604292, 4151095; 604277, 4150821; 604034, 4150791; 
603973, 4150472; 603867, 4150609; 603533, 4150746; 603396, 4151262; 
603199, 4151565; 603108, 4151550; 603047, 4151656; 602759, 4151778; 
602425, 4151793; 602377, 4151646; 602030, 4151353; 601817, 4151292; 
601301, 4150943; 601438, 4150852; 601377, 4150670; 600982, 4150624; 
600724, 4150320; 600239, 4150290; 600087, 4150487; 599829, 4150548; 
599737, 4150700; 599707, 4151292; 599586, 4151626; 598902, 4152355; 
599039, 4152385; 599191, 4152552; 599510, 4153372; 599540, 4153645; 
599358, 4153827; 599555, 4153949; 599662, 4154161; 599677, 4154526; 
599798, 4154541; 600056, 4154860; 600421, 4154936; 600922, 4154799; 
601392, 4154966; 601514, 4155042; 601575, 4155179; 601544, 4155437; 
601711, 4155558; 601833, 4155877; 602106, 4156074; returning to 602197, 
4155953.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 5A and Unit 5B (Map 5) follows:

BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 58229]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR02OC06.004

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C

[[Page 58230]]

    (12) Unit 6: Caldecott Tunnel, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, 
California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 scale quadrangles Briones Valley, and 
Oakland East. Land bounded by the following UTM Zone 10, NAD83 
coordinates (E, N): 566273, 4191731; 566273, 4191775; 566276, 4191777; 
566275, 4191780; 566294, 4191824; 566332, 4191876; 566329, 4191875; 
566330, 4191877; 566390, 4191931; 566415, 4191935; 566458, 4191942; 
566525, 4191942; 566600, 4191940; 566669, 4191935; 566750, 4191950; 
566752, 4191952; 566839, 4191957; 566944, 4191974; 567064, 4191950; 
567124, 4191941; 567186, 4191988; 567240, 4192047; 567227, 4192102; 
567203, 4192172; 567156, 4192217; 567079, 4192271; 567066, 4192295; 
567040, 4192363; 567037, 4192422; 567001, 4192463; 566959, 4192511; 
566950, 4192542; 566937, 4192585; 566909, 4192628; 566891, 4192658; 
566845, 4192729; 566798, 4192772; 566741, 4192832; 566727, 4192843; 
566723, 4192842; 566687, 4192855; 566647, 4192882; 566625, 4192904; 
566624, 4192905; 566624, 4192906; 566627, 4192907; 566650, 4192915; 
566650, 4192915; 566776, 4192988; 566895, 4193034; 567014, 4193041; 
567193, 4193015; 567365, 4192955; 567470, 4192915; 567596, 4192862; 
567735, 4192796; 567874, 4192737; 568059, 4192697; 568154, 4192688; 
568198, 4192684; 568350, 4192684; 568516, 4192684; 568668, 4192690; 
568794, 4192710; 568816, 4192719; 568885, 4192674; 569349, 4192659; 
570105, 4192947; 570104, 4192949; 570201, 4192984; 570206, 4192985; 
570967, 4193256; 571027, 4193166; 571060, 4193146; 571089, 4193100; 
571085, 4193094; 571113, 4193087; 571153, 4193067; 571189, 4193034; 
571239, 4192998; 571292, 4192955; 571345, 4192912; 571391, 4192879; 
571440, 4192856; 571474, 4192826; 571493, 4192770; 571507, 4192720; 
571507, 4192677; 571509, 4192637; 571500, 4192615; 571485, 4192563; 
571471, 4192513; 571463, 4192468; 571449, 4192419; 571443, 4192379; 
571428, 4192347; 571426, 4192341; 571396, 4192291; 571336, 4192158; 
571335, 4192155; 571309, 4192084; 571230, 4191987; 571131, 4191901; 
571110, 4191870; 571063, 4191824; 571036, 4191808; 571021, 4191784; 
571000, 4191768; 570982, 4191756; 570968, 4191741; 570953, 4191723; 
570942, 4191705; 570924, 4191679; 570902, 4191656; 570890, 4191641; 
570876, 4191624; 570855, 4191599; 570818, 4191574; 570789, 4191551; 
570766, 4191532; 570748, 4191520; 570730, 4191505; 570713, 4191489; 
570696, 4191477; 570666, 4191470; 570652, 4191472; 570642, 4191487; 
570624, 4191517; 570623, 4191557; 570610, 4191565; 570597, 4191564; 
570569, 4191545; 570544, 4191533; 570522, 4191522; 570481, 4191513; 
570431, 4191507; 570377, 4191500; 570335, 4191500; 570296, 4191493; 
570271, 4191488; 570228, 4191474; 570182, 4191457; 570131, 4191433; 
570106, 4191422; 570052, 4191402; 570011, 4191390; 569972, 4191372; 
569929, 4191357; 569883, 4191341; 569840, 4191327; 569800, 4191313; 
569709, 4191263; 569680, 4191243; 569662, 4191230; 569631, 4191209; 
569607, 4191194; 569587, 4191178; 569562, 4191158; 569542, 4191128; 
569529, 4191089; 569518, 4191057; 569512, 4191026; 569507, 4191000; 
569503, 4190973; 569497, 4190945; 569491, 4190916; 569480, 4190893; 
569464, 4190866; 569458, 4190850; 569450, 4190828; 569442, 4190801; 
569422, 4190770; 569400, 4190748; 569378, 4190719; 569367, 4190704; 
569361, 4190680; 569366, 4190659; 569394, 4190657; 569425, 4190659; 
569453, 4190661; 569483, 4190662; 569506, 4190650; 569526, 4190643; 
569539, 4190637; 569548, 4190661; 569558, 4190707; 569565, 4190747; 
569575, 4190779; 569593, 4190830; 569602, 4190856; 569612, 4190892; 
569622, 4190907; 569630, 4190935; 569639, 4190973; 569642, 4190993; 
569647, 4191031; 569650, 4191055; 569660, 4191091; 569666, 4191105; 
569679, 4191137; 569688, 4191146; 569718, 4191166; 569782, 4191200; 
569814, 4191218; 569865, 4191241; 569965, 4191276; 570008, 4191299; 
570032, 4191310; 570064, 4191321; 570101, 4191336; 570140, 4191343; 
570186, 4191350; 570223, 4191351; 570235, 4191352; 570263, 4191311; 
570652, 4191238; 570706, 4191244; 570724, 4191310; 570758, 4191385; 
570802, 4191401; 570818, 4191407; 570862, 4191409; 570947, 4191357; 
571019, 4191288; 571101, 4191224; 571197, 4191141; 571215, 4191127; 
571062, 4190723; 571068, 4190712; 571078, 4190695; 571080, 4190684; 
571082, 4190675; 571089, 4190659; 571103, 4190639; 571130, 4190610; 
571154, 4190584; 571169, 4190573; 571187, 4190563; 571187, 4190553; 
571189, 4190539; 571201, 4190525; 571209, 4190518; 571220, 4190521; 
571233, 4190526; 571251, 4190537; 571261, 4190535; 571280, 4190532; 
571307, 4190531; 571329, 4190534; 571338, 4190526; 571353, 4190516; 
571363, 4190508; 571365, 4190503; 571375, 4190488; 571395, 4190466; 
571413, 4190452; 571434, 4190442; 571446, 4190439; 571462, 4190438; 
571501, 4190409; 571518, 4190382; 571532, 4190368; 571530, 4190356; 
571530, 4190350; 571532, 4190326; 571543, 4190299; 571554, 4190284; 
571569, 4190268; 571587, 4190253; 571621, 4190240; 571650, 4190240; 
571676, 4190245; 571711, 4190256; 571727, 4190260; 571727, 4190257; 
571728, 4190233; 571737, 4190205; 571757, 4190178; 571799, 4190134; 
571837, 4190109; 571864, 4190088; 571906, 4190051; 571936, 4190024; 
571957, 4190013; 572007, 4189996; 572029, 4189908; 572044, 4189882; 
572057, 4189869; 572066, 4189862; 572094, 4189850; 572124, 4189847; 
572160, 4189839; 572205, 4189832; 572226, 4189836; 572263, 4189846; 
572304, 4189859; 572342, 4189843; 572359, 4189837; 572382, 4189835; 
572400, 4189837; 572427, 4189846; 572448, 4189859; 572461, 4189872; 
572473, 4189859; 572490, 4189852; 572538, 4189848; 572694, 4189850; 
572729, 4189845; 572755, 4189840; 572861, 4189793; 572876, 4189783; 
572913, 4189747; 572989, 4189665; 573044, 4189602; 573076, 4189564; 
573078, 4189557; 573124, 4189412; 573209, 4189380; 573237, 4189455; 
573402, 4189420; 573445, 4189336; 573625, 4188983; 573587, 4188867; 
573568, 4188810; 573554, 4188767; 574038, 4188607; 574070, 4188596; 
574233, 4188195; 574259, 4188130; 574257, 4188128; 574237, 4188122; 
574149, 4188116; 574055, 4188110; 573986, 4188110; 573898, 4188116; 
573804, 4188122; 573710, 4188122; 573597, 4188103; 573484, 4188097; 
573371, 4188084; 573251, 4188072; 573163, 4188053; 573050, 4188034; 
572943, 4188003; 572824, 4187978; 572686, 4187965; 572560, 4187984; 
572447, 4188022; 572340, 4188072; 572259, 4188110; 572146, 4188147; 
572045, 4188160; 571970, 4188166; 571888, 4188166; 571887, 4188166; 
571887, 4188166; 571887, 4188165; 571886, 4188165; 571886, 4188165; 
571881, 4188161; 571877, 4188157; 571873, 4188153; 571871, 4188149; 
571870, 4188147; 571869, 4188144; 571867, 4188142; 571864, 4188142; 
571861, 4188142; 571853, 4188140; 571840, 4188132; 571830, 4188124; 
571820, 4188118; 571808, 4188115; 571795, 4188114; 571786, 4188115; 
571778, 4188116; 571765, 4188119; 571749, 4188124; 571727, 4188134; 
571718, 4188138; 571708, 4188144; 571698, 4188159; 571692, 4188165; 
571679, 4188165; 571670, 4188161; 571655, 4188156; 571634, 4188158; 
571592, 4188163; 571567, 4188176; 571565, 4188179; 571512, 4188141; 
571496, 4188145; 571484, 4188148;

[[Page 58231]]

571473, 4188148; 571459, 4188148; 571450, 4188148; 571425, 4188145; 
571395, 4188147; 571362, 4188155; 571338, 4188158; 571339, 4188199; 
571336, 4188202; 571332, 4188206; 571316, 4188221; 571290, 4188247; 
571267, 4188268; 571159, 4188361; 571159, 4188361; 571152, 4188367; 
571152, 4188367; 571152, 4188369; 571147, 4188412; 571139, 4188431; 
571124, 4188447; 571110, 4188455; 571092, 4188459; 571077, 4188458; 
571059, 4188452; 571045, 4188442; 571037, 4188430; 571036, 4188431; 
570979, 4188447; 570979, 4188503; 570910, 4188502; 570903, 4188514; 
570896, 4188523; 570877, 4188533; 570872, 4188536; 570858, 4188540; 
570843, 4188543; 570813, 4188552; 570797, 4188566; 570784, 4188581; 
570763, 4188592; 570733, 4188594; 570735, 4188667; 570745, 4188667; 
570754, 4188667; 570787, 4188661; 570788, 4188661; 570806, 4188660; 
570819, 4188664; 570830, 4188660; 570833, 4188677; 570824, 4188685; 
570803, 4188734; 570801, 4188738; 570730, 4188783; 570704, 4188807; 
570690, 4188830; 570693, 4188851; 570693, 4188866; 570696, 4188864; 
570697, 4188875; 570701, 4188926; 570692, 4188981; 570673, 4189023; 
570620, 4189064; 570596, 4189097; 570554, 4189137; 570547, 4189144; 
570529, 4189180; 570491, 4189204; 570482, 4189203; 570441, 4189197; 
570400, 4189209; 570348, 4189212; 570323, 4189220; 570316, 4189215; 
570313, 4189213; 570304, 4189214; 570277, 4189222; 570237, 4189275; 
570227, 4189303; 570206, 4189322; 570160, 4189358; 570140, 4189388; 
570127, 4189406; 570119, 4189422; 570108, 4189444; 570081, 4189442; 
570074, 4189388; 570068, 4189365; 570062, 4189348; 570055, 4189335; 
570039, 4189356; 570011, 4189362; 569994, 4189361; 569984, 4189360; 
569972, 4189368; 569961, 4189370; 569955, 4189354; 569962, 4189345; 
569981, 4189335; 569988, 4189319; 569980, 4189290; 569976, 4189256; 
569979, 4189255; 569976, 4189241; 569962, 4189230; 569954, 4189216; 
569954, 4189193; 569947, 4189169; 569934, 4189135; 569917, 4189099; 
569908, 4189068; 569904, 4189038; 569901, 4189010; 569887, 4188982; 
569881, 4188962; 569876, 4188940; 569869, 4188915; 569858, 4188902; 
569837, 4188888; 569819, 4188877; 569814, 4188860; 569809, 4188835; 
569817, 4188807; 569833, 4188798; 569830, 4188740; 569812, 4188737; 
569797, 4188801; 569800, 4188803; 569795, 4188810; 569711, 4189182; 
569653, 4189441; 569641, 4189496; 569636, 4189583; 569616, 4189631; 
569598, 4189682; 569594, 4189688; 569411, 4189917; 569406, 4189923; 
569374, 4189924; 569274, 4189980; 569225, 4190030; 569177, 4190078; 
569155, 4190106; 569155, 4190106; 569136, 4190157; 569081, 4190173; 
569032, 4190167; 569002, 4190189; 568998, 4190224; 568980, 4190269; 
568946, 4190290; 568922, 4190323; 568917, 4190364; 568874, 4190407; 
568830, 4190433; 568805, 4190445; 568769, 4190447; 568737, 4190460; 
568752, 4190479; 568751, 4190531; 568734, 4190563; 568709, 4190593; 
568678, 4190593; 568668, 4190561; 568653, 4190529; 568616, 4190528; 
568591, 4190563; 568571, 4190602; 568571, 4190642; 568572, 4190676; 
568572, 4190713; 568544, 4190750; 568497, 4190740; 568399, 4190730; 
568348, 4190753; 568311, 4190797; 568321, 4190846; 568286, 4190879; 
568234, 4190900; 568189, 4190901; 568159, 4190874; 568128, 4190840; 
568090, 4190857; 568083, 4190876; 568077, 4190892; 568039, 4190907; 
568033, 4190907; 567986, 4190905; 567958, 4190903; 567880, 4191055; 
567753, 4191088; 567774, 4191141; 567786, 4191184; 567793, 4191211; 
567628, 4191208; 567585, 4191141; 567544, 4191110; 567515, 4191105; 
567484, 4191124; 567463, 4191153; 567439, 4191163; 567405, 4191148; 
567395, 4191124; 567395, 4191098; 567398, 4191072; 567273, 4191000; 
567225, 4190952; 567182, 4190935; 566962, 4190894; 566820, 4190877; 
566797, 4190871; 566794, 4190872; 566746, 4190862; 566691, 4190848; 
566634, 4190839; 566578, 4190827; 566565, 4190839; 566538, 4190851; 
566505, 4190864; 566476, 4190886; 566455, 4190918; 566441, 4190942; 
566440, 4190975; 566440, 4191017; 566445, 4191065; 566448, 4191102; 
566445, 4191121; 566437, 4191147; 566426, 4191175; 566420, 4191219; 
566417, 4191239; 566550, 4191256; 566714, 4191328; 566840, 4191413; 
566850, 4191422; 566864, 4191428; 566894, 4191453; 566899, 4191506; 
566850, 4191574; 566801, 4191623; 566722, 4191661; 566642, 4191669; 
566549, 4191647; 566476, 4191647; 566431, 4191648; 566387, 4191648; 
566317, 4191674; 566287, 4191694; returning to 566273, 4191731.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 6 provided in paragraph (7)(ii) of this 
section.
* * * * *

    Dated: September 22, 2006.
David M. Verhey,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 06-8367 Filed 9-29-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P