[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 25 (Tuesday, February 7, 2006)]
[Notices]
[Pages 6318-6331]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 06-1075]



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Part II





Department of Education





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National Institute on Disability Research Projects and Centers Program; 
Funding Priorities; Notice

  Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 25 / Tuesday, February 7, 2006 / 
Notices  

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION


National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research--
Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program; 
Funding Priorities

AGENCY: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, 
Department of Education.

ACTION: Notice of proposed priorities.

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SUMMARY: The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and 
Rehabilitative Services proposes certain funding priorities for the 
Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program 
administered by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation 
Research (NIDRR). Specifically, this notice proposes priorities for 
Disability Rehabilitation Research Projects (DRRPs), including 
Disability Business and Technical Assistance Centers (DBTACs); 
Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers (RRTCs); and 
Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers (RERCs). The Assistant 
Secretary may use these priorities for competitions in fiscal year (FY) 
2006 and later years. We take this action to focus research attention 
on areas of national need. We intend these priorities to improve 
rehabilitation services and outcomes for individuals with disabilities.

DATES: We must receive your comments on or before March 9, 2006.

ADDRESSES: Address all comments about these proposed priorities to 
Donna Nangle, U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., 
room 6030, Potomac Center Plaza, Washington, DC 20204-2700. If you 
prefer to send your comments through the Internet, use one of the 
following addresses: [email protected].
    You must include the term ``Proposed Priorities for DRRPs, RRTCs, 
and RERCs'' in the subject line of your electronic message.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Donna Nangle or Lynn Medley. 
Telephone: (202) 245-7462 (Donna Nangle) or (202) 245-7338 (Lynn 
Medley).
    If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), you may 
call the Federal Relay Service (FRS) at 1-800-877-8339.
    Individuals with disabilities may obtain this document in an 
alternative format (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, or computer 
diskette) on request to the contact person listed under FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This notice of proposed priorities is in 
concert with President George W. Bush's New Freedom Initiative (NFI) 
and NIDRR's Proposed Long-Range Plan for FY 2005-2009 (Plan). The NFI 
can be accessed on the Internet at the following site: http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/newfreedom. The Plan, which was published in 
the Federal Register on July 27, 2005 (70 FR 43522), can be accessed on 
the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/legislation/FedRegister/other/2005-3/072705d.html.
    Through the implementation of the NFI and the Plan, NIDRR seeks to: 
(1) Improve the quality and utility of disability and rehabilitation 
research; (2) foster an exchange of expertise, information, and 
training to facilitate the advancement of knowledge and understanding 
of the unique needs of traditionally underserved populations; (3) 
determine best strategies and programs to improve rehabilitation 
outcomes for underserved populations; (4) identify research gaps; (5) 
identify mechanisms of integrating research and practice; and (6) 
disseminate findings.
    One of the specific goals established in the Plan is for NIDRR to 
publish all of its proposed priorities, and following public comment, 
final priorities, annually, on a combined basis. Under this approach, 
NIDRR's constituents can submit comments at one time rather than at 
different times throughout the year, and NIDRR can move toward a fixed 
schedule for competitions and more efficient grant-making operations. 
This notice, which proposes priorities NIDRR intends to use for DRRP, 
RRTC, and RERC competitions in FY 2006 and possibly later years, 
represents NIDRR's first step toward a notice of priorities that will 
include its entire portfolio of research and related activities for the 
year. However, nothing precludes NIDRR from publishing additional 
priorities, if needed.
    In addition to this notice, on December 13, 2005, NIDRR published a 
separate notice of proposed priorities for Spinal Cord Injury Model 
Systems (SCIMS) Centers and for SCIMS multi-site research projects (70 
FR 73738). NIDRR also intends to publish a separate notice of proposed 
priorities for an additional DRRP with the focus on Individuals Who are 
Blind and Visually Impaired this year. Moreover, for FY 2006 
competitions using priorities that already have been established and 
for which publication of a notice of proposed priority is unnecessary 
(e.g., competitions for Field-Initiated Projects, Advanced 
Rehabilitation Research Training Projects, Fellowships, and Small 
Business Innovation Research Projects), NIDRR has published or will 
publish notices inviting applications. More information on these other 
projects and programs that NIDRR intends to fund in FY 2006 can be 
found on the Internet at the following site: http://ed.gov/fund/grant/apply/nidrr/priority-matrix.html.

Invitation to Comment

    We invite you to submit comments regarding these proposed 
priorities. To ensure that your comments have maximum effect in 
developing the notice of final priorities, we urge you to identify 
clearly the specific proposed priority or topic that each comment 
addresses.
    We invite you to assist us in complying with the specific 
requirements of Executive Order 12866 and its overall requirement of 
reducing regulatory burden that might result from these proposed 
priorities. Please let us know of any further opportunities we should 
take to reduce potential costs or increase potential benefits while 
preserving the effective and efficient administration of the program.
    During and after the comment period, you may inspect all public 
comments about these proposed priorities in room 6030, 550 12th Street, 
SW., Potomac Center Plaza, Washington, DC, between the hours of 8:30 
a.m. and 4 p.m., Eastern time, Monday through Friday of each week 
except Federal holidays.

Assistance to Individuals With Disabilities in Reviewing the Rulemaking 
Record

    On request, we will supply an appropriate aid, such as a reader or 
print magnifier, to an individual with a disability who needs 
assistance to review the comments or other documents in the public 
rulemaking record for these proposed priorities. If you want to 
schedule an appointment for this type of aid, please contact the person 
listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
    We will announce the final priorities in one or more notices in the 
Federal Register. We will determine the final priorities after 
considering responses to this notice and other information available to 
the Department. This notice does not preclude us from proposing or 
using additional priorities, subject to meeting applicable rulemaking 
requirements.


    Note: This notice does not solicit applications. In any year in 
which we choose to use these proposed priorities, we invite 
applications through a notice in the Federal Register. When inviting 
applications we

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designate the priorities as absolute, competitive preference, or 
invitational. The effect of each type of priority follows:
    Absolute priority: Under an absolute priority, we consider only 
applications that meet the priority (34 CFR 75.105(c)(3)).
    Competitive preference priority: Under a competitive preference 
priority, we give competitive preference to an application by either 
(1) awarding additional points, depending on how well or the extent 
to which the application meets the competitive preference priority 
(34 CFR 75.105(c)(2)(i)); or (2) selecting an application that meets 
the competitive preference priority over an application of 
comparable merit that does not meet the priority (34 CFR 
75.105(c)(2)(ii)).
    Invitational priority: Under an invitational priority, we are 
particularly interested in applications that meet the invitational 
priority. However, we do not give an application that meets the 
invitational priority a competitive or absolute preference over 
other applications (34 CFR 75.105(c)(1)).

Priorities

    In this notice, we are proposing 11 priorities for DRRPs (including 
2 priorities for DBTACs), 1 priority for an RRTC, and 3 priorities for 
RERCs.
    For DRRPs, the proposed priorities are:
     Priority 1--General DRRP Requirements.
     Priority 2--National Data and Statistical Center for the 
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Model Systems.
     Priority 3--National Data and Statistical Center for the 
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Model Systems.
     Priority 4--Rehabilitation of Children with Traumatic 
Brain Injury (TBI).
     Priority 5--Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary 
Conditions in Adolescents and Adults with Disabilities.
     Priority 6--Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center 
(MSKTC).
     Priority 7--Assistive Technology (AT) Outcomes Research 
Project.
     Priority 8--Mobility Aids and Wayfinding Technologies for 
Individuals With Blindness and Low Vision.
     Priority 9--Improving Employment Outcomes for the Low 
Functioning Deaf (LFD) Population.
     Priority 10--Disability Business Technical Assistance 
Centers (DBTACs).
     Priority 11--Disability Business Technical Assistance 
Centers (DBTAC) Coordination, Outreach, and Research Center.
    For the RRTC, the proposed priority is:
     Priority 12--Rehabilitation Research and Training Center 
on Effective Independent and Community Living Solutions and Measures.
    For RERCs, the proposed priorities are:
     Priority 13--RERC for Technologies for Successful Aging.
     Priority 14--RERC for Wheelchair Transportation Safety.
     Priority 15--RERC for Wireless Technologies.

Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects (DRRP) Program

    The purpose of the DRRP program is to plan and conduct research, 
demonstration projects, training, and related activities to develop 
methods, procedures, and rehabilitation technology that maximize the 
full inclusion and integration into society, employment, independent 
living, family support, and economic and social self-sufficiency of 
individuals with disabilities, especially individuals with the most 
severe disabilities, and to improve the effectiveness of services 
authorized under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. DRRPs 
carry out one or more of the following types of activities, as 
specified and defined in 34 CFR 350.13 through 350.19: research, 
development, demonstration, training, dissemination, utilization, and 
technical assistance.
    An applicant for assistance under this program must demonstrate in 
its application how it will address, in whole or in part, the needs of 
individuals with disabilities from minority backgrounds (34 CFR 
350.40(a)). The approaches an applicant may take to meet this 
requirement are found in 34 CFR 350.40(b).
    Additional information on the DRRP program can be found at: http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/res-program.html#DRRP.

Proposed Priorities

Priority 1--General Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects 
(DRRP) Requirements

Background
    NIDRR proposes the following General DRRP Requirements priority 
because it believes that the effectiveness of any DRRP (including any 
DBTAC) depends on, among other things, how well the DRRP coordinates 
its research efforts with the research of other NIDRR-funded projects, 
involves individuals with disabilities in its activities, and 
identifies specific anticipated outcomes that are linked to its 
objectives in applying for DRRP funding. Accordingly, NIDRR intends to 
use proposed Priority 1--General DRRP Requirements in conjunction with 
each of the other DRRP priorities proposed in this notice (i.e., 
priorities 2 through 11).

Proposed Priority

    To meet this priority, the Disability and Rehabilitation Research 
Projects (DRRP) must:
    (a) Coordinate on research projects of mutual interest with 
relevant NIDRR-funded projects, as identified through consultation with 
the NIDRR project officer;
    (b) Involve individuals with disabilities in planning and 
implementing the DRRP's research, training, and dissemination 
activities, and in evaluating its work; and
    (c) Identify anticipated outcomes (i.e., advances in knowledge or 
changes and improvements in policy, practice, behavior, and system 
capacity) that are linked to the applicant's stated grant objectives.

Priority 2--National Data and Statistical Center for the Spinal Cord 
Injury (SCI) Model Systems

Background
    It is estimated that the number of Americans living with traumatic 
spinal cord injury (SCI) ranges from 222,000 to 285,000, with an 
incidence of approximately 11,000 new cases each year (Spinal Cord 
Injury: Facts and Figures at a Glance, 2004).
    NIDRR supports a variety of research projects that focus on the 
wide range of needs of individuals with SCI. These projects include the 
SCI Model Systems Centers funded through NIDRR's Model Systems Program. 
The SCI Model Systems Centers establish and carry out innovative 
projects for the delivery, demonstration, and evaluation of 
comprehensive medical, vocational, and other rehabilitation services to 
meet the wide range of needs of individuals with SCI.
    The SCI Model Systems Centers have developed a national, 
longitudinal database that contains information on approximately 23,000 
people injured since 1973 (SCI Model Systems Database). The SCI Model 
Systems Database is the most extensive source of information available 
about the characteristics and life course of individuals with SCI. The 
SCI Model Systems Database contains a sample that is demographically 
representative of all cases that occur throughout the United States, 
though the sample is not population-based (DeVivo, Go, & Jackson, 
2002). The SCI Model Systems Database also can be used to examine 
specific outcomes of SCI. NIDRR seeks to continue and build upon this 
important source of data by funding a National Data and Statistical 
Center for the SCI Model Systems (National SCI Model Systems Data 
Center) that will

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maintain the SCI Model Systems Database and improve the quality of 
information that is entered into it.
    The SCI Model Systems Database is a collaborative project in which 
all of the SCI Model Systems Centers participate. The data for the SCI 
Model Systems Database are collected by the SCI Model Systems Centers. 
The Directors of the SCI Model System Centers, in consultation with 
NIDRR, determine the parameters of the SCI Model Systems Database, 
including the number and type of variables to be examined, and the 
criteria for including Model Systems patients in the database.
    To maximize the external validity of findings from the SCI Model 
Systems Database, the SCI Model Systems Centers must achieve and 
maintain high rates of retention and successful follow-up with database 
participants. Accordingly, the central role of the National SCI Model 
Systems Data Center will be to work with SCI Model Systems Centers to 
increase follow-up rates and to ensure data quality.
    Since the creation of the SCI Model Systems Database more than 30 
years ago, the proportion of database participants from racial and 
ethnic minority populations has grown steadily (Jackson, Dijkers, 
DeVivo & Poczatek, 2004). This growth reflects the urban location of 
many of the SCI Model Systems Centers, as well as the growing 
proportion of racial/ethnic minorities in the general population. This 
growth in the racial/ethnic diversity of the SCI Model Systems 
population creates a vital technical assistance role for the National 
SCI Model Systems Data Center. The National SCI Model Systems Data 
Center will work with the SCI Model Systems Centers to ensure that the 
data collected from these populations are of high quality and that the 
data collection procedures used reflect sufficient knowledge about the 
cultural backgrounds of patient populations and research participants.
    The specifications of the SCI Model Systems Database as it is 
currently implemented can be obtained from the National SCI Statistical 
Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. The National SCI 
Statistical Center may be contacted on the World Wide Web at http://www.spinalcord.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=21446.
References
    DeVivo, M., Go, B., & Jackson, A. (2002). Overview of the 
National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center Database. The Journal 
of Spinal Cord Medicine. 25(4): 335-338.
    Jackson, A., Dijkers, M, DeVivo, M., & Poczatek, R. (2004). A 
Demographic Profile of New Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: Change 
and Stability Over 30 Years. Archives of Physical Medicine and 
Rehabilitation. 85(11): 1740-1748.
    Spinal Cord Injury: Facts and Figures at a Glance. (2004). 
Retrieved July 6, 2005 from the National Spinal Cord Injury 
Statistical Center Web site: http://www.spinalcord.uab.edu.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for the establishment of a National SCI 
Model Systems Data Center that advances medical rehabilitation by 
increasing the rigor and efficiency of scientific efforts to 
longitudinally assess the experience of individuals with SCI. To meet 
this priority, the National SCI Model Systems Data Center's research 
and technical assistance must be designed to contribute to the 
following outcomes:
    (a) Maintenance of a national longitudinal database for data 
submitted by each of the SCI Model Systems Centers (SCI Model Systems 
Database). This database must provide for confidentiality, quality 
control, and data-retrieval capabilities, using cost-effective and 
user-friendly technology.
    (b) High-quality, reliable data in the SCI Model Systems Database. 
The National SCI Model Systems Data Center must contribute to this 
outcome by providing training and technical assistance to SCI Model 
Systems Centers on subject retention and data collection procedures, 
data entry methods, and appropriate use of study instruments, and by 
monitoring the quality of the data submitted by the SCI Model Systems 
Centers.
    (c) High-quality data collected from database participants of all 
racial/ethnic backgrounds. The National SCI Model Systems Data Center 
must contribute to this outcome by providing knowledge, training, and 
technical assistance to the SCI Model Systems Centers on culturally 
appropriate methods of longitudinal data collection and participant 
retention.
    (d) Rigorous research conducted by SCI Model Systems Centers and 
all investigators who are analyzing data from the SCI Model Systems 
Database. The National SCI Model Systems Data Center must contribute to 
this outcome by making statistical and other methodological 
consultation available for research projects that use the SCI Model 
Systems Database, as well as center-specific and collaborative projects 
of the SCI Model Systems Program.
    (e) Enhanced continuity of the SCI Model Systems Database. The 
National SCI Model Systems Data Center must contribute to this outcome 
by establishing and implementing a mechanism for continued collection 
of follow-up data from individuals who were enrolled by SCI Model 
Systems Centers that no longer receive Model Systems Program funding. 
This mechanism must focus on continued collection of data from up to 
four SCI Model Systems Centers that were funded during the most recent 
five-year grant cycle, but that do not receive subsequent funding under 
the Model Systems Program.
    (f) Improved quality and efficiency of the SCI Model Systems 
Database operations through collaboration with the National Traumatic 
Brain Injury Model Systems Data Center and the National Burn Model 
Systems Data Center.

Priority 3--National Data and Statistical Center for the Traumatic 
Brain Injury (TBI) Model Systems

Background
    It is estimated that at least 5.3 million Americans are living with 
disability as a result of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Approximately 
1.4 million Americans sustain a TBI each year, and 230,000 of these 
injuries lead to hospitalization (Traumatic Brain Injury: Facts and 
Figures, 2005).
    NIDRR supports a variety of research projects that focus on the 
wide range of needs of individuals with TBI. These projects include the 
TBI Model Systems Centers funded through NIDRR's Model Systems Program. 
The TBI Model Systems Centers establish and carry out innovative 
projects for the delivery, demonstration, and evaluation of 
comprehensive medical, vocational, and other rehabilitation services to 
meet the wide range of needs of individuals with TBI.
    The TBI Model Systems Centers have developed a national, 
longitudinal database of information about the characteristics and life 
course of individuals with TBI (TBI Model Systems Database). The TBI 
Model Systems Database also can be used to examine specific outcomes of 
TBI. NIDRR seeks to continue and build upon this important source of 
data by funding a National Data and Statistical Center for the TBI 
Model Systems (National TBI Model Systems Data Center) that will 
maintain the TBI Model Systems Database and improve the quality of 
information that is entered into it.
    The TBI Model Systems Database is a collaborative project in which 
all of the TBI Model Systems Centers participate. The data for the TBI 
Model Systems Database are collected by the TBI Model

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Systems Centers. The Directors of the TBI Model Systems Centers, in 
consultation with NIDRR, determine the parameters of the TBI Model 
Systems Database, including the number and type of variables to be 
examined, and the criteria for including TBI Model Systems patients in 
the database.
    To maximize the external validity of findings from the TBI Model 
Systems Database, the TBI Model Systems Centers must achieve and 
maintain high rates of retention and successful follow-up with database 
participants. Accordingly, the central role of the National TBI Model 
Systems Data Center will be to work with TBI Model Systems Centers to 
increase follow-up rates and ensure data quality.
    The TBI Model Systems Database contains a disproportional number of 
participants from minority backgrounds, relative to the general 
population (Burnett et al. 2003). The disproportional representation of 
racial/ethnic minorities reflects the urban location of many of the TBI 
Model Systems Centers. The racial/ethnic diversity of the TBI Model 
Systems population creates a vital technical assistance role for the 
National TBI Model Systems Data Center. The National TBI Model Systems 
Data Center will work with the TBI Model Systems Centers to ensure that 
the data collected from these populations are of high quality and that 
the data collection procedures used reflect sufficient knowledge about 
the cultural backgrounds of patient populations and research 
participants.
    The specifications of the TBI Model Systems Database as it is 
currently implemented can be obtained from the TBI National Data Center 
at the Kessler Medical Rehabilitation Research and Education 
Corporation (see http://www.tbindc.org).
References
    Burnett, D., Kolakowsky-Hayner, S., Slater, D., Stringer, A., 
Bushnik, T., Zafonte, R., and Cifu, D. (2003). Ethnographic Analysis 
of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the National Model Systems 
Database. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 84(2): 
263-267.
    Traumatic Brain Injury: Facts and Figures (2005). Retrieved July 
6, 2005 from the Traumatic Brain Injury National Data Center Web 
site: http://www.tbindc.org/registry/pdf/ff_winter2005.pdf.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for the establishment of a National TBI 
Model Systems Data Center that advances medical rehabilitation by 
increasing the rigor and efficiency of scientific efforts to 
longitudinally assess the experience of individuals with TBI. To meet 
this priority, the National TBI Model Systems Data Center's research 
and technical assistance must be designed to contribute to the 
following outcomes:
    (a) Maintenance of a national longitudinal database for data 
submitted by each of the TBI Model Systems Centers (TBI Model Systems 
Database). This database must provide for confidentiality, quality 
control, and data-retrieval capabilities, using cost-effective and 
user-friendly technology.
    (b) High-quality, reliable data in the TBI Model Systems Database. 
The National TBI Model Systems Data Center must contribute to this 
outcome by providing training and technical assistance to TBI Model 
Systems Centers on subject retention and data collection procedures, 
data entry methods, and appropriate use of study instruments, and by 
monitoring the quality of the data submitted by the TBI Model Systems 
Centers.
    (c) High-quality data collected from database participants of all 
racial/ethnic backgrounds. The National TBI Model Systems Data Center 
must contribute to this outcome by providing knowledge, training, and 
technical assistance to the TBI Model Systems Centers on culturally 
appropriate methods of longitudinal data collection and participant 
retention.
    (d) Rigorous research conducted by TBI Model Systems Centers and 
all investigators who are analyzing data from the TBI Model Systems 
Database. The National TBI Model Systems Data Center must contribute to 
this outcome by making statistical and other methodological 
consultation available for research projects that use the TBI Model 
Systems Database, as well as center-specific and collaborative projects 
of the TBI Model Systems program.
    (e) Enhanced continuity of the TBI Model Systems Database. The 
National TBI Model Systems Data Center must contribute to this outcome 
by establishing and implementing a mechanism for continued collection 
of follow-up data from individuals who were enrolled by TBI Model 
Systems Centers that no longer receive Model Systems Program funding. 
This mechanism must focus on continued collection of data from up to 
four TBI Model Systems Centers that were funded during the most recent 
five-year grant cycle, but that do not receive subsequent funding under 
the Model Systems Program.
    (f) Improved quality and efficiency of the TBI Model Systems 
Database operations through collaboration with the National Spinal Cord 
Injury Model Systems Data Center and the National Burn Model Systems 
Data Center.

Priority 4--Rehabilitation of Children with Traumatic Brain Injury 
(TBI)

Background
    The Department's regulations implementing the Individuals with 
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) define traumatic brain injury as ``* 
* * an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical 
force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or 
psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child's 
educational performance'' (34 CFR 300.7(c)(12)). The Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention report that among children up to 14 
years of age, TBI results annually in an estimated 2,685 deaths, 37,000 
hospitalizations, and 435,000 emergency department visits (Langlois, 
Rutland-Brown, & Thomas, 2004). These estimates do not include children 
who sustained a TBI and did not seek medical care or were seen only in 
private doctors' offices. Because most survivors of moderate to severe 
TBI experience chronic, life-long disabilities with varying degrees of 
dependence, the costs of these disabilities in terms of individual 
suffering, family burden, and financial burden to society are quite 
significant (Carney, Maynard, Davis-O'Reilly, Zimmer-Gembeck, Krages, & 
Helfand, 1999).
    The effects of TBI can be pervasive, but researchers who have begun 
to document the functional outcomes in children with TBI have 
encountered several obstacles. For example, assessments of injury 
characteristics have rarely included measures of the location, depth, 
or severity of brain insult; environmental, family, and child 
characteristics (including pre-injury functioning) have received 
insufficient attention; and follow-up assessments have largely included 
outcomes of TBI at only a single point in time several years after 
injury (Taylor, 2004). These and other limitations must be addressed in 
order to better understand and improve outcomes for children with TBI.
    There also is little high quality evidence regarding the 
effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for children with TBI 
(Carney, Maynard, Davis-O'Reilly, Zimmer-Gembeck, Krages, & Helfand, 
1999; Chen, Heinemann, Bode, Granger, & Mallinson, 2004). When children 
who have sustained a TBI are discharged from emergency and acute care 
facilities, they may continue to receive treatment, including medical

[[Page 6322]]

services; physical, occupational, and speech therapy; cognitive 
rehabilitation; social and behavioral interventions; and educational 
and family interventions. These interventions, however, have largely 
not been validated through experimental design or in carefully 
controlled observational studies. Further, there is a well-documented 
and unmet need for intensive, ongoing services and supports for 
families and school staff as children with TBI transition from medical 
and rehabilitation systems to community and school systems (Ylvisaker 
et al, 2005).
    In addition to the lack of interventions research and limited 
availability of family and school support services, there is 
insufficient information available to ensure the appropriate 
identification of children with TBI who are in need of special 
education and related services. Many children who have sustained a TBI 
and reenter the school system fail to receive the services that they 
need and that are mandated by IDEA, in part, because they fail to be 
identified or their needs are not associated with the injury. In fact, 
the number of children reported by States to be receiving special 
education and related services under the TBI label is much lower than 
would be expected based on the numbers of children who sustain a TBI 
each year (Langlois & Rutland-Brown, 2005). All of these problems faced 
by children with TBI, their families, and service providers demonstrate 
the need for further studies and research.
References
    Carney, N., Maynard, H., Davis-O'Reilly, C., Zimmer-Gembeck, M, 
Krages, K. P., & Helfand, M. (February, 1999). Supplement to the 
evidence report on rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury: 
Children and adolescents (Contract 290-97-0018 to Oregon Health 
Sciences University). Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy 
and Research.
    Chen, C.C., Heinemann, A.W., Bode, R.K., Granger, C.V., & 
Mallinson, T. (2004). Impact of pediatric rehabilitation services on 
children's functional outcomes. American Journal of Occupational 
Therapy, 58(1), 44-53.
    Langlois, J.A., & Rutland-Brown, W. (2005). Traumatic brain 
injury in the United States: The future of registries and data 
systems. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
    Langlois, J.A., Rutland-Brown W., & Thomas K.E. (2004). 
Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Emergency department 
visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta, GA: Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury 
Prevention and Control.
    Taylor, G.H. (2004). Research on outcomes of pediatric traumatic 
brain injury: Current advances and future directions. Developmental 
Neuropsychology, 25(1-2), 199-225.
    Ylvisaker, M., Adelson, P.D., Braga, L.W., Burnett, S.M., Glang, 
A., Feeney, T., Moore, W., Rumney, P., & Todis, B. (2005). 
Rehabilitation and ongoing support after pediatric TBI: Twenty years 
of progress. Journal of Health Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(1), 95-109.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research 
Project (DRRP) on the Rehabilitation of Children with Traumatic Brain 
Injury (TBI). Under this priority, the DRRP must be designed to 
contribute to the following outcomes:
    (a) Improved physical, cognitive, social/behavioral, family, 
educational, or employment outcomes for children with TBI by 
development or testing of rehabilitation interventions.
    (b) Improved transition of children from health care facilities to 
school and community by development or testing of effective transition 
strategies.
    (c) Improved TBI screening and special education services for 
children by development or testing of methods and procedures for use in 
school settings.

Priority 5--Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Conditions 
in Adolescents and Adults With Disabilities

Background
    Approximately two out of three adults in the United States are 
classified as overweight or obese, and obesity is now the second 
leading cause of mortality in this country (Flegal et al., 2002). As 
disturbing as the obesity prevalence is for the general U.S. 
population, rates of obesity among adolescents and adults with pre-
existing disabilities are even more alarming. A recent study based on 
pooled self-report data from the 1994-1995 National Health Interview 
Survey (NHIS), the 1994-1995 Disability Supplement (NHIS-D), and the 
1995 Healthy People 2000 Supplement reports a 66 percent higher rate of 
obesity among people with disabilities compared to the general 
population (Weil et al., 2002). Similarly, a recent regional study, 
based on actual measurements of height and weight, reported that 
extreme obesity (a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or larger) was 
approximately four times higher among persons with disabilities 
compared to the general population (Rimmer & Wang, 2005).
    Obesity has a profoundly negative effect on the overall health 
status and quality of life of individuals with disabilities. First, 
like the population at large, for whom obesity is typically a primary 
health condition, obesity among individuals with disabilities leads to 
higher-risks for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, 
osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Second, for people with pre-
existing disabilities, obesity constitutes a significant secondary 
condition leading to new physical impairments and increased mobility 
limitations, which in turn further undermine an individual's functional 
abilities and negatively impact opportunities for employment and 
participation in the community (Kinne, Patrick, & Doyle, 2004). There 
also is growing evidence that many of these chronic health problems and 
functional impairments occur earlier and with more severity among 
people with existing disabilities than in the general adult population 
(Campbell, Sheets, & Strong, 1999). Notwithstanding this information, 
there remains a lack of knowledge about both the antecedents to obesity 
in adults and adolescents with disabilities and the rehabilitation 
interventions that could be successful in treating or preventing this 
condition.
    Lack of routine and timely screening for obesity by medical 
providers also contributes to the magnitude of the obesity epidemic in 
this country, particularly among adults with disabilities who face 
well-documented barriers to accessing primary health care services 
(Iezzoni, McCarthy, Davis, & Siebens, 2001). To address this problem, 
the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently published 
guidelines recommending that clinicians screen all adult patients for 
obesity based on BMI and offer appropriate behavioral interventions and 
intensive counseling to promote sustained weight loss for those who are 
obese (``Screening for Obesity in Adults: Recommendations and 
Rationale,'' November 2003). Further information, however, is needed to 
assess the effectiveness of screening and diagnostic procedures and the 
interventions that medical providers are recommending.
References
    Campbell, M.L., Sheets, D., & Strong, P.S. (1999). Secondary 
health conditions among middle-aged individuals with chronic 
physical disabilities: implications for unmet needs for services. 
Assist Technology, 11(2), 105-122.
    Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Ogden, C.L., & Johnson, C.L. 
(2002). Prevalence and trends in obesity among U.S. adults, 1999-
2000. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2888,1723-1727.

[[Page 6323]]

    Iezzoni, L.I., McCarthy, E.P., Davis, R.B., & Siebens, H. 
(2001). Mobility impairments and use of screening and preventive 
services. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 955-961.
    Kinne, S., Patrick, D.L., & Doyle, D.L. (2004). Prevalence of 
Secondary Conditions Among People With Disabilities. American 
Journal of Public Health, 94(3), 443-445.
    Screening for Obesity in Adults: Recommendations and Rationale 
(November 2003). U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Agency for 
Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/obesity/obesrr.htm.
    Weil, E., Wachterman, M., McCarthy, E., Davis, R., Iezonni, L., 
& Wee, C. (2002). Obesity among adults with disabling conditions. 
Journal of the American Medical Association, 228,1265-1268.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research 
Project (DRRP) on Disability and Obesity: Reducing Obesity and Obesity-
Related Secondary Conditions in Adolescents and Adults with 
Disabilities. Under this priority, the DRRP must be designed to 
contribute to the following outcomes:
    (a) Enhanced understanding of the antecedents and consequences of 
obesity as a secondary condition among adolescents and adults with 
different types of pre-existing physical, sensory, cognitive, and 
behavioral-health impairments.
    (b) Improved obesity screening and diagnosis among adolescents and 
adults with different types of disabilities by developing or testing 
effective screening and diagnostic methods and procedures.
    (c) Improved outcomes for adolescents and adults with disabilities 
with obesity by development or testing of prevention strategies and 
treatments.

Priority 6--Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center (MSKTC)

Background
    NIDRR's Model Systems Programs were originally developed to 
demonstrate the value of a comprehensive integrated continuum of care 
for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury 
(TBI), and burn injury (Burn). Currently, NIDRR's Model Systems 
Programs include 36 centers that conduct or sponsor research activities 
designed to improve rehabilitative and pharmacological interventions 
that can help optimize levels of community participation, employment, 
and overall quality of life for individuals with SCI, TBI, and Burn. 
Research sponsored by the Model Systems Programs has led to a wealth of 
publicly available, retrievable information about SCI, TBI, and Burn. 
Additionally, research conducted by Model Systems Programs grantees has 
advanced knowledge regarding, and led to changes in, clinical practice 
and policy in the fields of SCI, TBI, and Burn.
    The usefulness of NIDRR-funded SCI, TBI, and Burn research and 
development findings and products depends on how well potential users 
can assess the strength and relevance of these findings and products, 
as applied to their particular needs. End-users with limited scientific 
training, in particular, may need assistance in order to understand 
competing research claims or determine the relevance of particular 
findings to their individual situations. In addition, given the nature 
of scientific study, practical information often is based on cumulative 
knowledge, not upon the results of any one study.
    The following proposed priority for an MSKTC is intended to ensure 
that information and products developed and identified through NIDRR-
funded SCI, TBI, and Burn research are of high quality, are based on 
scientifically rigorous research and development, and are disseminated 
effectively. To this end, the proposed priority embraces a newer 
concept, knowledge translation (KT), to shape the effective 
dissemination and utilization of disability and rehabilitation research 
results critical to achieving NIDRR's mission. KT encompasses the 
exchange, synthesis, and ethically sound application of knowledge 
within a complex system of relationships among researchers and users. 
See, for example, the Knowledge Translation Overview of Canadian 
Institutes of Health Research Web site at: http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/7518.html.
    Acting as a centralized resource center, the proposed MSKTC would 
establish coordinated, collaborative relationships among the three 
Model Systems Programs (i.e., SCI, TBI, and Burn Model Systems 
Programs) to identify effective dissemination strategies and to help 
other Federal agencies and national organizations use new information 
and discoveries emanating from NIDRR-funded SCI, TBI, and Burn 
research.
References
    Knowledge Translation Overview. Canadian Institutes of Health 
Research. 2005, from http://www/cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/7518.html.
    Campbell Collaboration. 2005, from http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/.
    Cochrane Collaboration. 2005, from http://www.cochrane.org/.
    Department of Education What Works Clearinghouse from http://www.whatworks.ed.gov/.
    National Rehabilitation Information Center. 2005, from http://www.naric.com/.
    National Center for the Dissemination of Disability Research. 
2005, http://www.ncddr.org/.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research 
Project to serve as the Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center 
(MSKTC). Under this priority, the MSKTC must be designed to contribute 
to the following outcomes:
    (a) Enhanced understanding of the quality and relevance of NIDRR's 
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and Burn Injury 
(Burn) Model Systems Programs' findings. The MSKTC must contribute to 
this outcome by identifying and applying appropriate standards and 
methods for conducting research syntheses. This will allow the Model 
Systems Programs to bridge gaps in evidence-based practice and 
research.
    (b) Enhanced knowledge of advances in SCI, TBI, and Burn research 
among consumers, clinicians, and other end users of such information. 
The MSKTC must contribute to this outcome by (1) identifying effective 
strategies for, and guiding targeted dissemination of, SCI, TBI, and 
Burn Model Systems Programs' findings about available services and 
interventions for individuals with SCI, TBI, and Burn; and (2) 
developing partnerships and collaborating with key constituencies and 
groups conducting similar work.
    (c) Centralization of SCI, TBI, and Burn Model Systems resources 
for effective and uniform dissemination and technical assistance. The 
MSKTC must contribute to this outcome by serving as a centralized 
resource for the SCI, TBI, and Burn Model Systems Centers.

Priority 7--Assistive Technology (AT) Outcomes Research Project

Background
    The Assistive Technology Act of 1998, as amended (29 U.S.C. 3001 et 
seq.), defines an assistive technology (AT) device as ``any item, piece 
of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, 
modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve 
functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities'' (29 U.S.C. 
3001(3)(4)). AT serves a broad and diverse range of functional needs 
among people with an expansive range of potentially disabling 
conditions. AT devices and AT services are provided in many contexts,

[[Page 6324]]

including rehabilitation programs, schools, employment programs, and 
residential and independent living programs.
    Current NIDRR-sponsored AT Outcomes Research Projects are creating 
and classifying new outcomes measures to help determine and describe 
the impact that various AT devices and services have on the lives of 
people with disabilities (Jutai, Fuhrer, Demers, Scherer, & DeRuyter, 
2005). While the ability to measure potential outcomes of AT use is 
maturing through this NIDRR-sponsored research, the ability to measure 
key characteristics of AT interventions is still in its infancy.
    To advance AT outcomes research beyond a collection of ad hoc 
evaluations of specific products, it is necessary to develop a commonly 
shared means of classifying all aspects of AT interventions. 
Standardization of intervention measurement would promote the 
replicability of AT interventions that are shown by rigorous research 
to be associated with positive outcomes. A valid classification of AT 
interventions would capture key characteristics of the device or 
device-type being provided, as well as information about key 
characteristics of AT provision, including setting, assessment, fit/
customization, user training, and device maintenance (Fuhrer, 2001; 
Edyburn, 2003).
    In addition to the creation and classification of new outcomes 
measures, current AT Outcomes Research Project grantees have developed 
conceptual frameworks to guide future AT outcomes research (Fuhrer, 
Jutai, Scherer, & DeRuyter, 2003). These grantees have designed 
sophisticated data-collection interfaces to bring new efficiencies to 
the collection of data on AT interventions, key contextual factors, and 
outcomes. To facilitate the development of rigorous evidence-based 
knowledge in the AT field, these conceptual frameworks and data 
collection technologies must be applied more broadly and 
systematically. More systematic application of these tools would allow 
the AT field to move beyond a series of limited ad hoc evaluations of 
single AT products, towards a scientific body of knowledge regarding 
expected outcomes associated with the delivery of a wide variety of AT 
interventions.
References
    Edyburn, D. (2003). Measuring Assistive Technology Outcomes: Key 
Concepts. Journal of Special Education Technology. 18(1): 53-55.
    Fuhrer, M., Jutai, J., Scherer, M., & DeRuyter, F. (2003). ``A 
Framework for the Conceptual Modeling of Assistive Technology Device 
Outcomes.'' Disability and Rehabilitation. 25: 1243-1251.
    Fuhrer, M. (2001). Assistive Technology Outcomes Research: 
Challenges Met and Yet Unmet. American Journal of Physical Medicine 
and Rehabilitation. 80(7): 528-535.
    Jutai, J., Fuhrer, M., Demers, L., Scherer, M., & DeRuyter, F. 
(2005). Toward a Taxonomy of Assistive Technology Device Outcomes. 
American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 84(4): 
294-302.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research 
Project (DRRP) for an Assistive Technology (AT) Outcomes Research 
Project. Under this priority, the DRRP must be designed to contribute 
to the following outcomes:
    (a) Improvement of the AT field's ability to measure the impact of 
AT on the lives of people with disabilities by continuing to develop AT 
outcomes measures and measurement systems.
    (b) Improvement of the AT field's ability to measure the impact of 
AT on the lives of people with disabilities by developing validated 
methods for measuring and classifying AT interventions, including key 
characteristics of both the AT device and AT provision (e.g., setting, 
assessment, fit/customization, user-training, and device maintenance).
    (c) Enhanced understanding of the impact of AT on the lives of 
people with disabilities by conducting at least one research project 
that systematically applies state-of-the-science measures of AT 
interventions, outcomes, and data collections mechanisms.
    (d) Collaboration with the relevant NIDRR-sponsored projects, such 
as the Rehabilitation Research Training Center on Measuring 
Rehabilitation Outcomes and relevant projects within the Rehabilitation 
Engineering Research Center program, as identified through consultation 
with the NIDRR project officer.

Priority 8--Mobility Aids and Wayfinding Technologies for Individuals 
With Blindness and Low Vision

Background
    Three of the most challenging and dangerous problems faced by 
individuals with blindness and low vision are travel related: (1) 
Negotiating complex transit stations; (2) locating bus and metro train 
stops; and (3) crossing light-controlled intersections safely and 
efficiently (Crandall, Bentzen, Myers, & Brablyn, 2001). To address 
these challenges, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century 
requires that transportation plans and projects include, where 
appropriate, consideration of pedestrian safety issues, including 
installation of audible traffic signals and signs at street crossings 
(23 U.S.C. 217(g)(c)). Our knowledge about the effectiveness of the 
range of technology solutions developed in response to this law and 
other intervention strategies for safety, travel, location, and 
mobility issues is limited, particularly with regard to subpopulations 
within the blind and visually impaired community.
    Navigation and travel related challenges are most often addressed 
by two primary approaches, orientation and mobility (O&M) and 
wayfinding technology solutions. O&M is the conventional approach 
designed to provide instruction and experience in independent travel in 
the community, including the use of public transportation. Orientation 
refers to an individual's ability to monitor his or her position in 
relation to the environment, and mobility refers to an individual's 
ability to travel safely, detecting and avoiding obstacles and other 
potential hazards. Advanced technologies designed to assist individuals 
with blindness and low vision in attaining the body of knowledge 
relative to the location of spaces through which they travel is known 
as wayfinding or ``environmental literacy.'' Whereas many O&M tools, 
such as white canes, are designed to address a traveler's mobility 
safety concerns, wayfinding or environmental literacy tools, such as 
talking signs located at street crossings, are designed to provide a 
traveler with orientation information. Some O&M aids are worn on the 
body and often are designed to detect and identify obstacle features. 
Wayfinding or environmental systems are technologies that are typically 
embedded in the texture of spaces and that provide ``location-based'' 
information (access to some kind of ``knowledge sharing network'' or 
``geographic data base'')--for example, manually activated audible 
pedestrian signals embedded in intersection traffic lights (Baldwin, 
D., 2005).
    Although O&M and wayfinding techniques are widely used by 
individuals with vision loss, there is ongoing controversy about 
whether newly developed wayfinding technologies should supplement 
rather than supplant already accepted O&M aids such as white canes and 
guide dogs. Currently, no empirically based studies examining or 
comparing differences between outcomes for O&M

[[Page 6325]]

users and outcomes for wayfinding technology users exist.
    There is a paucity of sound scientific studies examining the 
effectiveness of both O&M and wayfinding solutions and intervention 
approaches in varied situations, conditions, and functional capacities, 
but the literature that is available identifies specific problems with 
existing technology and supports the need for better wayfinding and O&M 
solutions. For example, bird-call type signals do not provide 
unambiguous information about which crosswalk has the walk interval. 
Signals comprised only of a bird-call and bell do not indicate the 
presence or location of a pedestrian push button and, therefore, do not 
solve one of the most important problems associated with push buttons: 
the difficulty in knowing whether pedestrian action is required 
(Bentzen, Barlow, & Franck, 2000). Although advances have been made to 
address some of these problems, there is no consensus about whether 
available solutions are adequate to address the travel needs of 
individuals with blindness and low vision. Research leading to 
development of innovative and effective solutions that will help 
individuals with blindness and low vision to safely and independently 
navigate their surroundings, and a better understanding of technology 
applications would increase our capacity to improve disability and 
rehabilitation outcomes for these individuals.
References
    Baldwin, D. Navigational Technology Textbook Current Wayfinding 
Technology. Retrieved April 22, 2005, from http://www.wayfinding.net/iibnNECtextcurrent.htm.
    Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., & Franck, L., 2000. Addressing 
barriers to blind pedestrians at signalized intersections. Institute 
of Transportation Engineers, 70-9, 32-35.
    Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., Myers, L., & Brablyn, J. (2001). 
New orientation and accessibility option for persons with visual 
impairment: Transportation applications for remote infrared audible 
signage. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 84:3 120-131.
    National Eye Institute http://www.nei.nih.gov/eyedata/ (2004).

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research 
Project (DRRP) on Mobility Aids and Wayfinding Technologies for 
Individuals With Blindness and Low Vision. To meet this priority, the 
DRRP must be designed to contribute to the following outcomes:
    (a) Effective technology solutions and intervention approaches that 
can enable blind and low vision individuals to safely and independently 
navigate their surroundings. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome 
by identifying or developing and testing methods, models, and measures 
that will inform the technology solutions and intervention approaches.
    (b) Improved understanding about the effectiveness of wayfinding 
technology and orientation and mobility (O&M) techniques for navigation 
and travel problems. The DRRP must be designed to contribute to this 
outcome by, at a minimum, conducting comparative analysis of outcomes 
for specific subpopulations of individuals with blindness and low 
vision who use O&M techniques and wayfinding technology.
    (c) Increased technical and scientific knowledge about the 
applications of navigation and travel technologies for individuals with 
blindness and low vision, leading to more effective use of technologies 
and intervention strategies, through the development of knowledge 
translation and utilization activities.
    (d) Coordination of research activities. The DRRP must contribute 
to this outcome by collaborating and consulting with relevant Federal 
agencies responsible for the administration of public laws that address 
access to and usability of transportation and transit-related systems 
and environmental structures for individuals with disabilities, such as 
the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, the 
U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration, 
Federal Transit Administration and National Highway Traffic Safety 
Administration, and relevant NIDRR-funded research projects as 
identified through consultation with the NIDRR project officer.

Priority 9--Improving Employment Outcomes for the Low Functioning Deaf 
(LFD) Population

Background
    Current population estimates indicate that there are approximately 
53 million individuals with disabilities in the United States and an 
estimated 8 million of these individuals are deaf or hard of hearing 
(McNeil, 1994; 1995). The pervasiveness of a hearing problem and its 
impact on every aspect of life, including employment status, is well 
documented (Stika, 1997; Hetu, Lalonde, and Getty, 1994).
    Within the population of individuals who are deaf or hard of 
hearing there is an even smaller sub-population, estimated at between 
125,000 and 165,000 persons referred to as ``low functioning deaf'' 
(LFD). While individuals considered LFD share the primary disability of 
hearing loss, as a group, they also are compromised by a combination of 
environmental risk factors and a lack of appropriate environmental and 
social supports. Most LFD individuals have limited communication 
skills, often are unable to live independently, cannot obtain or 
maintain employment, and exhibit minimal social and emotional 
competency.
    Studies indicate that the functional capacity of individuals who 
are LFD present unique challenges and complications at the individual 
and systems levels. More specifically, significant difficulty with all 
modes of communication, including the limited literacy proficiency that 
characterizes the LFD population (Wheeler-Scruggs, 2002), is a 
potentially important factor in disability and rehabilitation outcomes 
across the lifespan and major life domains for these individuals.
    While several factors influence employment outcomes for the general 
population of individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, the LFD 
population is at particular risk for being underserved by 
rehabilitation and vocational training systems. Most LFD individuals 
are inadequately prepared for workforce participation due to limited 
communication abilities and low literacy rates; often LFD adults read 
below the second grade level and are unable to complete high school. 
Additionally, the majority of existing social supports and services are 
targeted to deaf and hard of hearing youth able to participate in 
college and other postsecondary vocational programs where a certain 
level of academic achievement is presumed (National Association for the 
Deaf, 2004). Thus, LFD individuals are at a distinct disadvantage in 
their ability to access and benefit from existing employment and 
vocational services and supports.
    Further, although the literature in this field documents the impact 
of hearing problems on functional outcomes, there is limited 
understanding about the unique employment needs of the LFD population. 
Past research on LFD and employment has not extensively examined the 
various elements of job readiness, job placement, and retention in 
relation to the impact that programs such as Supplemental Security 
Income, Social Security Disability Insurance, and welfare have on long-
term employment outcomes for individuals who are LFD.

[[Page 6326]]

    The complexity of the employment issues facing individuals who are 
LFD presents a unique opportunity for researchers to expand the current 
knowledge base and facilitate development of the most effective 
methods, approaches, and intervention strategies to improve employment 
outcomes for the LFD population (Dew, 1999). Research is needed to 
inform policy, program planning, and development activities and to 
assist with improving systems and individual level outcomes for the LFD 
population.
References
    Dew, Donald. Serving Individuals Who Are Low Functioning Deaf. 
25th Institute on Rehabilitation Issues, The George Washington 
University, Washington DC, 1999.
    Hetu, R., Lalonde, M., & Getty, L. (1987). Psychosocial 
disadvantages associated with occupational hearing loss as 
experienced by the family. Audiology, 26, 141-152.
    McNeil J.M. ``Americans with disabilities, 1994--95''. 
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 
1997. (Current population reports; series P70, no. 61).
    National Association for the Deaf, 2004. LFD Strategic Work 
Group (2004). A Model for a National Collaborative Service Delivery 
System: Position Paper. Washington DC. Retrieved from NAD Web site: 
http://www.nad.org/lfd.
    Stika, C.J. (1997). Living with hearing loss--focus group 
results: Family relationships and social interactions. Hearing Loss, 
September/October, November/December.
    Wheeler-Scruggs, K. Assessing the employment and independence of 
people who are deaf and low functioning. American Annals of the 
Deaf, October, 2002.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research 
Project (DRRP) on Improving Employment Outcomes for the Low Functioning 
Deaf (LFD) Population. Under this priority, the DRRP must be designed 
to contribute to the following outcomes:
    (a) Enhanced knowledge about the unique functional and 
communication characteristics of the LFD population and the extent to 
which these characteristics affect disability and rehabilitation 
outcomes, including labor force participation and employment 
preparation. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome by developing and 
testing protocols that accurately measure population characteristics; 
and psychometrically sound instruments that measure predictors of 
disability, rehabilitation, and employment outcomes.
    (b) Improved employment outcomes and reduction of barriers to labor 
force participation for individuals who are LFD. The DRRP must 
contribute to this outcome by developing theory-based intervention 
strategies and methods that help to enhance functional skills, social 
interaction, communication and literacy competencies, and 
scientifically-sound approaches for identifying barriers to labor force 
participation.
    (c) Collaboration with NIDRR-sponsored projects, including the 
Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (RRTC) on Measuring 
Rehabilitation Outcomes and other relevant projects within NIDRR's RRTC 
and Field Initiated programs.

Priority 10--Disability Business Technical Assistance Centers (DBTACs)

Background
    The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 
12101 et seq. (ADA), prohibits discrimination against individuals with 
disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodations, 
State and local government services, and telecommunications. Since 
1991, NIDRR has supported 10 regional DBTACs that have provided 
technical assistance and training and disseminated information on the 
requirements of the ADA to entities covered by the law and individuals 
with disabilities. The current regional DBTACs provide information and 
services on ADA issues relating to employment, public services, and 
public accommodations, and communicate with businesses, public 
organizations, architects, individuals with disabilities, disability 
organizations, and others on the law's requirements (see http://www.adata.org/centers.htm for a current listing of the DBTACs). Each 
DBTAC's activities vary, but all regional DBTACs provide technical 
assistance and training, disseminate materials, provide information and 
referral services, build public awareness, and work to build local 
capacity to promote technical assistance and training on the ADA. 
DBTACs provide their services via telephone calls (including toll-free 
``800'' number calls), the World Wide Web, workshops and other training 
sessions. Services provided by DBTACs in 2004 included providing 
training on employment issues for State human resource personnel; 
collaborating with a State agency to develop an ADA reference guide for 
agencies within the State; providing training on accessible Web design 
for city and State personnel; assisting in the development of State 
policies regarding the accessibility of information technology procured 
and used by State agencies; providing training to local health 
departments on accessibility of medical services; development of a 
training curriculum on workplace accommodations for employers; 
conducting Web casts for public and private employers on disability-
related employment policies and job accommodations; and surveying 
polling places to determine accessibility.
    NIDRR is proposing this priority to support the funding of 10 
regional DBTACs to provide technical assistance on the ADA and other 
assistance designed to improve employment outcomes for individuals with 
disabilities. Despite past attempts to reduce unemployment rates and 
increase workforce participation, individuals with disabilities 
continue to be employed at much lower rates than individuals without 
disabilities. The 2003 American Community Survey, for example, found 
that approximately 37.8 percent of adults age 21 to 64 with 
disabilities were employed, compared to approximately 77.5 percent of 
adults without disabilities (U.S. Census Bureau, 2003). Identifying 
strategies for improving employment outcomes is critical if such 
disparities are to be reduced.
    Knowledge gained from the DBTAC program about the ADA, employers, 
and employment issues suggests that research and research-based 
information are needed to help employers, State and local governments, 
other public entities, private entities, and postsecondary institutions 
better achieve the objectives of the ADA and improve outcomes for 
individuals with disabilities. Through this proposed priority, NIDRR 
seeks to advance the DBTAC program beyond a strict focus on compliance 
with the ADA and expand the focus to include assistance in identifying 
and implementing a variety of more effective intervention approaches 
and more cost-effective strategies to help individuals with a variety 
of disabilities reach their full potential on the job. NIDRR also 
intends that this proposed priority will improve the research capacity 
of the regional DBTACs so that the DBTACs can identify areas where 
research is warranted and conduct targeted research and development 
that would be of benefit to employers and to individuals with 
disabilities.
    We are proposing that each of the 10 regional DBTACs will provide 
technical assistance to increase the capacity of other organizations to 
provide technical assistance; identify problematic areas where research 
or informational campaigns might aid in the avoidance of

[[Page 6327]]

or solution to problems associated with compliance with the ADA in 
their region; and conduct research to inform program planning, 
development, policy, and practice.
    Finally, in order to prevent duplication of effort, NIDRR intends 
to fund, under a separate priority, a center that will be responsible 
for taking the lead in making available, through a central Web site, 
information about the ADA that is of interest nationally and would be 
useful across all regions. This center, the DBTAC Coordination, 
Outreach, and Research Center (DBTAC CORC), will be expected to serve 
several functions, including overall coordination of activities among 
the regional DBTACs, conducting research, and facilitating research 
capacity building and dissemination.
Reference
    U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2003 Data 
Profile, http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Profiles/Single/2003/ACS/Tabular/010/01000US2.htm.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes to fund, under its Disability Rehabilitation Research 
Projects program, 10 Disability and Business Technical Assistance 
Centers (DBTACs), 1 within each of the 10 U.S. Department of Education 
regions. Each DBTAC must be designed to contribute to the following 
outcomes:
    (a) Improved understanding about rights and responsibilities under 
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 
12101 et seq. (ADA), as well as developments in case law, policy, and 
implementation through rigorous research and technical assistance 
activities.
    (b) Improved employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities 
by conducting activities that help to increase accommodations, access 
to technology, and supports in the workplace, especially in high growth 
industries.
    (c) Enhanced ADA information dissemination, awareness, and referral 
activities by establishing effective, coordinated local, regional, and 
national resource networks. The DBTAC will contribute to this outcome 
by, among other activities, partnering with the DBTAC Coordination, 
Outreach and Research Center (DBTAC CORC) and other regional DBTACs to 
develop, implement and evaluate these networks.
    (d) Enhanced capacity of entities at the local and State levels and 
within specific industries to provide technical assistance and training 
on the ADA through dissemination of information that promotes awareness 
of the ADA.
    (e) Identification of impediments to compliance with the ADA and 
individuals' access to technology, postsecondary education, and the 
workforce, and of tested solutions and innovative approaches for 
eliminating these impediments by conducting targeted, rigorous research 
activities in at least one of the following areas: employment, 
technology and postsecondary education, technology and school-to-work 
transition, and participation and community living.
    (f) Enhanced quality and relevance of information, and 
dissemination of research-based information through adherence to 
standards and guidelines that are consistent with evidence-based 
practices for research dissemination and evaluation (see http://www.cebm.net, http://www.cochrane.org, http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/guide.flow.pdf, http://www.ngc.gov, 
http://www.science.gov/).
    (g) Improved technical assistance and research capacity through 
development and application of effective coordination strategies within 
the network of relevant NIDRR Rehabilitation Research and Training 
Centers, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers, Disability and 
Rehabilitation Research Projects, Assistive Technology and Outcomes 
Research Projects, NIDRR-funded knowledge translation and dissemination 
centers, employers, industries, and community entities.
    (h) Improved research capacity through scientifically sound data 
collection and analysis leading to identification of research topics 
and submission of a preliminary research proposal to the DBTAC CORC 
beginning in the first year of the project period, and conducting 
rigorous, high quality research beginning in the second year of the 
project period.
    (i) Improved knowledge about the provision of ADA and employment-
related technical assistance, implementation of the ADA, and employment 
outcomes through submission of region-specific information and data to 
the DBTAC CORC for analysis and reporting.

Proposed Priority 11--Disability Business Technical Assistance Centers 
(DBTAC) Coordination, Outreach, and Research Center

Background
    The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 
12101 et seq. (ADA), prohibits discrimination against individuals with 
disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodations, 
State and local government services, and telecommunications. Since 
1991, NIDRR has supported 10 regional Disability and Business Technical 
Assistance Centers (DBTACs) that have provided technical assistance and 
training, and disseminated information on the requirements of the ADA 
to entities covered by the law and individuals with disabilities. (See 
the background statement and priority for Proposed Priority 10--
Disability and Business Technical Assistance Centers (DBTACs) for 
additional information on DBTAC activities.) Despite past efforts, 
however, unemployment rates for individuals with disabilities remain 
high. For that reason, NIDRR seeks to advance the DBTAC program beyond 
a strict focus on compliance with the ADA and expand the focus to 
include assistance in identifying and implementing research-based 
interventions.
    NIDRR is proposing this priority to support the funding of an 
entity to take the lead in conducting activities to improve the 
capacity of the regional DBTACs to use research-based information to 
help achieve the objectives of the ADA and improve employment outcomes 
for individuals with disabilities. This entity, the DBTAC Coordination, 
Outreach, and Research Center (DBTAC CORC), will serve several 
functions, including overall coordination of activities among the 
regional DBTACS, conducting research, facilitating research capacity 
building, and information dissemination. The key goals of the DBTAC 
CORC are improving ADA and employment-related technical assistance to 
employers, State and local governments, and other public entities; 
enhancing understanding and knowledge about the ADA, employers, and 
employment issues; and improving research capacity related to the ADA 
and employment. Accomplishing these goals will require a coordinated 
effort to facilitate partnerships and collaborative research and 
development activities that respond to the state of the science and 
national needs. All 10 regional DBTACs are expected to provide region-
specific information and contribute data to the DBTAC CORC to support 
this effort.
    The regional DBTACs and the DBTAC CORC will share some 
responsibilities; however, they each play a distinct role within the 
DBTAC program. For example, regional DBTACs provide frontline technical 
assistance to help with implementation of the ADA and conduct research 
that leads to improved employment outcomes for individuals

[[Page 6328]]

with disabilities. While the DBTAC CORC does not have oversight 
responsibility for the regional DBTACs, it provides technical 
assistance to the regional DBTACs to increase their research capacity 
and generate evidence to inform practice, based on scientifically-sound 
research.
    The Department intends to have substantial and sustained 
involvement in the activities of the DBTAC CORC to be funded through 
this proposed priority, including by shaping the grantee's priorities, 
activities, and major products to meet the purposes of this program. 
The details and parameters of the Department's expectations and 
involvement with the DBTAC CORC will be included in the Department's 
cooperative agreement with the grantee that receives an award under 
this proposed priority. This project will work closely with NIDRR 
through a cooperative agreement.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes to provide funding, under its Disability 
Rehabilitation Research Projects program, for a DBTAC Coordination, 
Outreach, and Research Center (DBTAC CORC). The DBTAC CORC must be 
designed to contribute to the following outcomes:
    (a) Improved public access to information relating to the Americans 
with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq. 
(ADA), through development and maintenance of a public Web site that 
includes relevant information that is of interest nationally and that 
would be useful across all DBTAC regions, preparation of documents in a 
format that meets a government or industry-recognized standard for 
accessibility, and establishment of a DBTAC database to support 
regional DBTAC activities.
    (b) Improved technical assistance, collaboration, information 
dissemination, knowledge translation and training materials through a 
national, coordinated process for developing materials to address 
topics that are relevant across regions; and use of a document review 
board to assist with development and review of collaborative products 
and research activities.
    (c) Increased research capacity building and high quality research 
through synthesis and analysis of ADA information and data provided by 
the regional DBTACs, and review of literature and related information 
from other sources, in order to produce evidence reports, generate 
topics for the regional DBTAC research activities, identify areas where 
additional research is warranted, conduct relevant research, and 
enhance understanding of ADA compliance and implementation issues on a 
national level.
    (d) Enhanced capacity of regional DBTACs to assist with improving 
employment outcomes, workplace supports and accommodations, and ADA 
compliance by producing evidence reports, conducting rigorous analyses 
of regional DBTAC data, and evaluating products and proposed 
publications. The DBTAC CORC will contribute to this outcome by (1) 
establishing a document review board to review regional DBTAC plans for 
new research activities, products, and publications and to conduct 
systematic reviews linked to a set of evidence questions based on 
scientific studies and standards (see http://www.cebm.net, http://www.cochrane.org, http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/guide.flow.pdf, 
http://www.ngc.gov, http://www.science.gov/); (2) establishing 
guidelines for submission of information to the DBTAC CORC; and (3) 
providing technical assistance to regional DBTACs.
    (e) Improved knowledge of and contribution to the state of the 
science within the subject areas covered by the regional DBTACs by 
serving as a consultant to regional DBTACs to support research capacity 
building, facilitating development of a coordinated national research 
agenda, and working cooperatively with regional DBTAC grantees to 
assist with the development of research topics and activities.
    (f) Enhanced coordination of information dissemination on DBTAC 
activities, research findings, publications, products, and tools 
through coordination of the network of appropriate NIDRR research 
projects, including Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers, 
Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects, Field-Initiated 
Projects, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers, and NIDRR 
dissemination centers, including the National Rehabilitation 
Information Center (http://www.naric.com) and the National Center for 
the Dissemination of Disability Research (http://www.ncddr.org).
    (g) Increased use of DBTAC-generated products and information by 
developing strategies to promote the use of developed products and 
improved relevance and quality of the products through assessment of 
their effectiveness and impact on practice and policy.
    (h) Increased application of research findings and products through 
translation of DBTAC evidence reports into practice guidelines, quality 
improvement products, and technical assistance tools.
    (i) Enhanced understanding about the state of the science and 
improved program planning, development and evaluation by hosting a 
DBTAC biannual program development and planning meeting beginning in 
year one of the project period; and an annual conference leading to a 
report of proceedings in years three through five of the project 
period.

Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers (RRTCs)

    RRTCs conduct coordinated and integrated advanced programs of 
research targeted toward the production of new knowledge to improve 
rehabilitation methodology and service delivery systems, alleviate or 
stabilize disability conditions, or promote maximum social and economic 
independence for persons with disabilities. Additional information on 
the RRTC program can be found at: http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/res-program.html#RRTC.

General Requirements of RRTCs

    RRTCs must:
     Carry out coordinated advanced programs of rehabilitation 
research;
     Provide training, including graduate, pre-service, and in-
service training, to help rehabilitation personnel more effectively 
provide rehabilitation services to individuals with disabilities;
     Provide technical assistance to individuals with 
disabilities, their representatives, providers, and other interested 
parties;
     Demonstrate in their applications how they will address, 
in whole or in part, the needs of individuals with disabilities from 
minority backgrounds;
     Disseminate informational materials to individuals with 
disabilities, their representatives, providers, and other interested 
parties; and
     Serve as centers of national excellence in rehabilitation 
research for individuals with disabilities, their representatives, 
providers, and other interested parties.

Priority 12--Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (RRTC) on 
Effective Independent and Community Living Solutions and Measures

Background
    Advances in technology and research have helped to enhance our 
understanding about disability and to improve outcomes for individuals 
with

[[Page 6329]]

disabilities. However, there are numerous barriers that prevent 
individuals with disabilities from full participation in society. Data 
indicate that there are large gaps in participation in home, community, 
education, and workplace activities between individuals with and 
individuals without disabilities. Compared to individuals without 
disabilities, individuals with disabilities are more likely to be 
homebound due to lack of transportation (Department of Transportation, 
2003). Also, compared to individuals without disabilities, individuals 
with disabilities are less likely to own a home (internal NIDRR 
analysis of U.S. Census 2000) and less likely to be employed (Waldrop, 
J. & Stern, S., 2003). Individuals with disabilities also are less 
likely to socialize or engage in a number of other activities (National 
Organization on Disability, 2004).
    A variety of factors may account for disparities between 
individuals with and individuals without disabilities; these include 
differences in functional abilities, health and well-being, access to 
assistive technology and personal supports, economic resources, and a 
variety of physical, social, cultural, and environmental barriers. 
However, we have limited understanding about the effects that 
environmental barriers and facilitators at the systems and individual 
levels have on opportunities for participation for people with 
disabilities, particularly with respect to differences in outcomes for 
specific disability populations and within specific environmental 
conditions.
    Laws protecting the civil rights of individuals with disabilities 
and various disability policies have helped to promote the inclusion of 
and participation by individuals with disabilities and foster change. 
For example, Executive Order 13217, ``Community-based Alternatives for 
Individuals with Disabilities,'' requires Federal agencies to implement 
the U.S. Supreme Court's 1999 decision in Olmstead v. L.C. (527 U.S. 
581) (http://www.cms.hhs.gov/olmstead/default.asp). However, barriers 
to implementation of the Olmstead decision and to full participation 
(e.g., lack of affordable, accessible housing and reliable, accessible 
transportation; difficulty obtaining well-qualified personal 
attendants; and frequent social isolation) are preventing the inclusion 
of and participation by individuals with disabilities in society. 
Consequently, research is needed to inform development of new, 
validated strategies, supports, programs, interventions, guidelines, 
and policies to achieve improved community living outcomes for 
deinstitutionalized individuals or those diverted from potential 
institutionalization.
    Additionally, the demand for evidence-based practice requires the 
development, evaluation, and use of scientifically sound measures to 
evaluate the effectiveness and impact of programs and interventions 
intended to alleviate disparities in participation. Given the scarcity 
of economic resources, research is also needed to understand the costs 
and benefits of investments intended to maximize independence and 
participation. Research can help to inform the development of the next 
generation of measures that can be easily utilized to drive decisions 
made by key stakeholders and improve understanding about environmental, 
systems, and individual level factors that influence the participation 
of individuals with disabilities in society across their lifespan.
References
    National Council on Disability, 2003. ``Olmstead: Reclaiming 
Institutionalized Lives''. Washington, DC.
    National Organization on Disability (2004). ``2004 N.O.D./Harris 
Survey of Americans with Disabilities, detailed results''. Retrieved 
from the Web. http://www.nod.org/Resources/harris2004/harris2004_data.pdf.
    Fox-Grage, W., Folkemer, & Lewis, J. (2003). ``The states' 
response to the Olmstead decision: How are states complying?'' 
Denver, CO: National Conference on State Legislatures.
    Sheets, D.J., Liebig, P.S. & Campbell, M.L. (2002). ``State 
rehabilitation agencies, aging with disability, and technology: 
Policy issue and implications''. Northridge, CA: 2003 Technology and 
Persons with Disabilities Conference, Center on Disabilities, 
California State University, Northridge.
    U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation 
Statistics, (2003). ``BTS Issue Brief''. Washington DC. Retrieved 
from the Web. http://www.bts.gov/publications/issue_briefs/number_03/pdf/entire.pdf.
    Waldrop, J. and Stern, S. (2003). ``Disability Status: 2000, 
Census 2000 Brief''. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, 
U.S. Census Bureau.

Proposed Priority

    The Assistant Secretary proposes a priority for a Rehabilitation 
Research and Training Center (RRTC) on Effective Independent and 
Community Living Solutions and Measures. To meet this priority, the 
RRTC's research must be designed to contribute to the following 
outcomes:
    (a) Enhanced participation by individuals with disabilities at 
home, in the community, or in educational or workplace activities 
through development of effective theory-based intervention methods and 
outcome measures.
    (b) Improved intervention approaches and guidelines that help to 
remove or reduce barriers to full community integration and 
participation for individuals with disabilities. The RRTC must 
contribute to this outcome by conducting rigorous research examining 
the implementation of the Olmstead decision and practices that serve as 
facilitators or barriers to independent and community living.
    (c) Improved understanding about the economic utility of existing 
or proposed policies and practices to maximize independence and 
participation for individuals with disabilities through development of 
scientifically sound, valid and reliable methods and measures to assess 
these policies and practices.

Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers Program General 
Requirements of Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers (RERCs)

    RERCs carry out research or demonstration activities in support of 
the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, by:
     Developing and disseminating innovative methods of 
applying advanced technology, scientific achievement, and psychological 
and social knowledge to (a) solve rehabilitation problems and remove 
environmental barriers and (b) study and evaluate new or emerging 
technologies, products, or environments and their effectiveness and 
benefits; or
     Demonstrating and disseminating (a) innovative models for 
the delivery of cost-effective rehabilitation technology services to 
rural and urban areas and (b) other scientific research to assist in 
meeting the employment and independent living needs of individuals with 
severe disabilities; or
     Facilitating service delivery systems change through (a) 
the development, evaluation, and dissemination of consumer-responsive 
and individual and family-centered innovative models for the delivery 
to both rural and urban areas of innovative cost-effective 
rehabilitation technology services and (b) other scientific research to 
assist in meeting the employment and independence needs of individuals 
with severe disabilities.
    Each RERC must provide training opportunities, in conjunction with 
institutions of higher education and nonprofit organizations, to assist 
individuals, including individuals with disabilities, to become 
rehabilitation technology researchers and practitioners.

[[Page 6330]]

    Additional information on the RERC program can be found at: http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/index.html.

Priorities 13, 14, and 15--Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers 
(RERCs) for Technologies for Successful Aging (Priority 13), Wheelchair 
Transportation Safety (Priority 14), and Wireless Technologies 
(Priority 15)

Background
    Individuals with disabilities regularly use products developed as 
the result of rehabilitation and biomedical research to achieve and 
maintain maximum physical function, live independently, study and 
learn, and attain gainful employment. The range of engineering research 
encompasses not only assistive technology but also technology at the 
systems level (i.e., the built environment, information and 
communication technologies, transportation, etc.) and technology that 
interfaces between the individual and system and is basic to community 
integration.
    The NIDRR RERC program has been a major force in the development of 
technology to enhance independent function for individuals with 
disabilities. The RERCs are recognized as national centers of 
excellence in their respective areas and collectively represent the 
largest federally supported program responsible for advancing 
rehabilitation engineering research. For example, the RERC program was 
an early pioneer in the development of augmentative communication and 
has been at the forefront of prosthetics and orthotics research for 
both children and adults. RERCs have played a major role in the 
development of voluntary standards that the medical equipment and 
technology industries use when developing wheelchairs, wheelchair 
restraint systems, information technologies, and the World Wide Web. 
RERCs also have been a driving force in the development of universal 
design principles that can be applied to the built environment, 
information technology, and consumer products.
    Advancements in basic biomedical science and technology have 
resulted in new opportunities to enhance further the lives of people 
with disabilities. Specifically, recent advances in biomaterials 
research, composite technologies, information and telecommunication 
technologies, nanotechnologies, micro electro mechanical systems 
(MEMS), sensor technologies, and the neurosciences provide a wealth of 
opportunities for individuals with disabilities and could be 
incorporated into research focused on disability and rehabilitation.
    Through the following proposed priorities, NIDRR intends to fund 
RERCs that advance rehabilitation engineering research in the following 
priority research areas: Technologies for Successful Aging, Wheelchair 
Transportation Safety and Wireless Technologies.

(a) RERC for Technologies for Successful Aging

    More than half of Americans age 65 and older report having at least 
1 disability and it is estimated that one-third of this population has 
a severe disability. Despite the increased risks of disability 
associated with aging, ninety-five percent of older Americans choose to 
remain in their own homes, use public services, and function 
independently as they age. Accordingly, NIDRR seeks to fund an RERC 
that focuses on improving the quality of life of older persons with 
disabilities and promote health, safety, independence and active 
engagement.

(b) RERC for Wheelchair Transportation Safety

    There are roughly 1.7 million Americans living outside of 
institutions who use wheeled mobility devices (Kaye, Kang, & LaPlante, 
2000), including those who rely heavily on public and private 
transportation services to commute to work and school, participate in 
recreational activities, and carry out daily activities. However, most 
wheelchairs are not designed to function as vehicle seats, thus putting 
wheelchair-seated travelers at greater risk of injury compared to those 
who sit in standard vehicle seats (Bertocci, Szobota, Hobson, & Digges, 
1997). NIDRR, therefore, seeks to fund an RERC that researches and 
develops innovative technologies to improve the current state of the 
science, design guidelines and performance standards, and usability of 
wheeled mobility devices and wheelchair seating systems.
References
    Bertocci, G.E., Szobota, S., Hobson, D.A., & Digges, K. (1999). 
Computer simulation and sled test validation of a powerbase 
wheelchair and occupant subjected to frontal crash conditions. IEEE 
Trans Rehabil Eng, 7(2), 234-44.
    Kaye, H.S., Kang, T., & LaPlante, M.P. (2000). Mobility device 
use in the United States. Disability Statistics Report 14. 
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Institute on 
Disability and Rehabilitation Research.

(c) RERC for Wireless Technologies

    Wireless technologies allow connection of communication, 
information, and control devices to local, community, and nationwide 
networks without wires. These wireless devices support a wide range of 
applications spanning voice and data communication, remote monitoring, 
and position finding, and offer tremendous potential for assisting 
people with disabilities. Accordingly, NIDRR seeks to fund an RERC that 
facilitates equitable access to, and use of, future generations of 
wireless technologies for individuals with disabilities.

Proposed Priorities

    The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative 
Services proposes the following three priorities for the establishment 
of (a) an RERC for Technologies for Successful Aging, (b) an RERC for 
Wheelchair Transportation Safety, and (c) an RERC for Wireless 
Technologies. Within its designated priority research area, each RERC 
will focus on innovative technological solutions, new knowledge, and 
concepts that will improve the lives of persons with disabilities.
    (a) RERC for Technologies for Successful Aging. Under this 
priority, the RERC must research, develop and evaluate innovative 
technologies and approaches that will improve the quality of life of 
older persons with disabilities and promote health, safety, 
independence, and active engagement.
    (b) RERC for Wheelchair Transportation Safety. Under this priority, 
the RERC must research, develop, and evaluate innovative technologies 
and strategies that will improve the safety and independence of 
wheelchair users who remain seated in their wheelchairs while using 
public and private transportation services. The RERC must research and 
develop innovative technologies and strategies that will improve the 
current state of the science, design guidelines and performance 
standards, and usability of wheeled mobility devices and wheelchair 
seating systems.
    (c) RERC for Wireless Technologies. Under this priority, the RERC 
must research, develop, and evaluate innovative technologies that 
facilitate equitable access to, and use of, future generations of 
wireless technologies for individuals with disabilities of all ages.
    Under each priority, the RERC must be designed to contribute to the 
following programmatic outcomes:
    (1) Increased technical and scientific knowledge-base relevant to 
its designated priority research area.

[[Page 6331]]

    (2) Innovative technologies, products, environments, performance 
guidelines, and monitoring and assessment tools as applicable to its 
designated priority research area. The RERC must contribute to this 
outcome by developing and testing of these innovations.
    (3) Improved research capacity in its designated priority research 
area. The RERC must contribute to this outcome by collaborating with 
the relevant industry, professional associations, and institutions of 
higher education.
    (4) Improved focus on cutting edge developments in technologies 
within its designated priority research area. The RERC must contribute 
to this outcome by identifying and communicating with NIDRR and the 
field regarding trends and evolving product concepts related to its 
designated priority research area.
    (5) Increased impact of research in the designated priority 
research area. The RERC must contribute to this outcome by providing 
technical assistance to public and private organizations, persons with 
disabilities, and employers on policies, guidelines, and standards 
related to its designated priority research area.
    In addition, under each priority, the RERC must:
     Have the capability to design, build, and test prototype 
devices and assist in the transfer of successful solutions to relevant 
production and service delivery settings;
     Evaluate the efficacy and safety of its new products, 
instrumentation, or assistive devices;
     Develop and implement in the first three months of the 
project period a plan that describes how it will include, as 
appropriate, individuals with disabilities or their representatives in 
all phases of its activities, including research, development, 
training, dissemination, and evaluation;
     Develop and implement in the first year of the project 
period, in consultation with the NIDRR-funded National Center for the 
Dissemination of Disability Research (NCDDR), a plan to disseminate its 
research results to persons with disabilities, their representatives, 
disability organizations, service providers, professional journals, 
manufacturers, and other interested parties;
     Develop and implement in the first year of the project 
period, in consultation with the NIDRR-funded RERC on Technology 
Transfer, a plan for ensuring that all new and improved technologies 
developed by the RERC are successfully transferred to the marketplace;
     Conduct a state-of-the-science conference on its 
designated priority research area in the third year of the project 
period and publish a comprehensive report on the final outcomes of the 
conference in the fourth year of the project period; and
     Coordinate research projects of mutual interest with 
relevant NIDRR-funded projects, as identified through consultation with 
the NIDRR project officer.

Executive Order 12866

    This notice of proposed priorities has been reviewed in accordance 
with Executive Order 12866. Under the terms of the order, we have 
assessed the potential costs and benefits of this regulatory action.
    The potential costs associated with the notice of proposed 
priorities are those resulting from statutory requirements and those we 
have determined as necessary for administering this program effectively 
and efficiently.
    In assessing the potential costs and benefits--both quantitative 
and qualitative--of this notice of proposed priorities, we have 
determined that the benefits of the proposed priorities justify the 
costs.

Summary of Potential Costs and Benefits

    The potential costs associated with these proposed priorities are 
minimal while the benefits are significant. Grantees may incur some 
costs associated with completing the application process in terms of 
staff time, copying, and mailing or delivery. The use of e-Application 
technology reduces mailing and copying costs significantly.
    The benefits of the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects 
and Centers Programs have been well established over the years in that 
similar projects have been completed successfully. These proposed 
priorities will generate new knowledge and technologies through 
research, development, dissemination, utilization, and technical 
assistance projects.
    Another benefit of these proposed priorities is that the 
establishment of new DRRPs (including the new DBTACs), a new RRTC, and 
new RERCs will support the President's NFI and will improve the lives 
of persons with disabilities. The new DRRPs, RRTC, and RERCs will 
generate, disseminate, and promote the use of new information that will 
improve the options for individuals with disabilities to perform 
regular activities in the community.

Intergovernmental Review

    This program is not subject to Executive Order 12372 and the 
regulations in 34 part 79.
    Applicable Program Regulations: 34 CFR part 350.

Electronic Access to This Document

    You may view this document, as well as all other Department of 
Education documents published in the Federal Register, in text or Adobe 
Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: 
http://www.ed.gov/news/fedregister.
    To use PDF you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is available 
free at this site. If you have questions about using PDF, call the U.S. 
Government Printing Office (GPO), toll free, at 1-888-293-6498; or in 
the Washington, DC, area at (202) 512-1530.


    Note: The official version of this document is the document 
published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access to the 
official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal 
Regulations is available on GPO Access at: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/nara/index.html.

(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers 84.133A Disability 
Rehabilitation Research Projects, 84.133D Disability Business 
Technical Assistance Centers, 84.133B Rehabilitation Research and 
Training Centers Program, and 84.133E Rehabilitation Engineering 
Research Centers Program)


    Program Authority: 29 U.S.C. 762(g), 764(a), 764(b)(2), and 
764(b)(3).

    Dated: January 31, 2006.
John H. Hager,
Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.
[FR Doc. 06-1075 Filed 2-6-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4000-01-P