[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 250 (Friday, December 30, 2005)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 77454-77599]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-24421]



[[Page 77453]]

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Part II





Department of Transportation





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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration



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49 CFR Part 571



Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Lamps, Reflective Devices, and 
Associated Equipment; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 250 / Friday, December 30, 2005 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 77454]]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

49 CFR Part 571

[Docket No. NHTSA-2005-22093]
RIN 2127-AJ75


Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Lamps, Reflective 
Devices, and Associated Equipment

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 
Department of Transportation.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

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SUMMARY: Our safety standard on lamps, reflective devices, and 
associated equipment specifies performance requirements intended to 
reduce the incidence of vehicle crashes by providing adequate 
illumination of the roadway and by enhancing motor vehicle conspicuity 
in daylight, darkness, and other conditions of reduced visibility. As a 
result of various safety initiatives and technological advances in 
vehicle lighting, numerous amendments to the regulatory text have left 
the standard unwieldy and unnecessarily complicated. In addition, the 
standard's provisions have been interpreted frequently by the agency 
over the past several decades in response to interpretation request 
letters. This document proposes to amend the standard by reorganizing 
the regulatory text so that it provides a more straight-forward and 
logical presentation of the applicable regulatory requirements, which 
includes the agency's interpretation of the existing requirements. This 
proposal would not impose any new substantive requirements on 
manufacturers.

DATES: You should submit your comments early enough to ensure that 
Docket Management receives them not later than March 30, 2006.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by the DOT Docket Number 
cited in the heading of this document by any of the following methods:
     Web site: http://dms.dot.gov. Follow the instructions for 
submitting comments on the DOT electronic docket site.
     Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
     Mail: Docket Management Facility; U.S. Department of 
Transportation, 400 7th Street, SW., Nassif Building, Room PL-401, 
Washington, DC 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery: Room PL-401, 400 7th Street, SW., 
Washington, DC, between 9 am and 5 pm, Monday through Friday, except 
Federal Holidays.
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting 
comments.
    Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and 
docket number. Note that all comments received will be posted without 
change to http://dms.dot.gov including any personal information 
provided. Please see the Privacy Act heading under Rulemaking Analyses 
and Notices.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
comments received, go to http://dms.dot.gov at any time or to Room PL-
401 on the plaza level of the Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., 
Washington, DC, between 9 am and 5 pm, Monday through Friday, except 
Federal Holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical issues: David Hines, 
Office of Crash Avoidance Standards (NVS-121), NHTSA, 400 Seventh 
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590. (Telephone: (202) 493-0245) (Fax: 
(202) 366-7002).
    For legal issues: Eric Stas, Office of the Chief Counsel (NCC-112), 
NHTSA, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590 (Telephone: (202) 
366-2992) (Fax: (202) 366-3820).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Executive Summary
II. Background
    A. Historical Overview of the Standard
    B. The Need for an Administrative Re-write of the Standard
III. Agency Proposal
    A. Summary of the Proposal
    B. Process for Developing the Administrative Re-write
    1. Review of Existing Regulatory Text
    2. Review of Existing Interpretation Letters
    3. Structure of the Revised Standard
    4. Incorporations by Reference
    C. Effective Date
IV. Benefits and Costs
V. Public Participation
VI. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices

I. Executive Summary

    The agency is proposing to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety 
Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, Lamps, reflective devices, and associated 
equipment, by reorganizing the regulatory text and directly importing 
requirements from applicable Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 
standards currently incorporated by reference into the standard. The 
main objective of this re-write is to increase clarity by: (1) Making 
requirements easier to find and comprehend; (2) presenting performance 
requirements and test procedures together through the inclusion of 
relevant provisions of third-party documents (currently incorporated by 
reference) directly into the regulatory text of the standard; and (3) 
updating Standard No. 108 to reflect letters of interpretation.
    The re-write of FMVSS No. 108 is considered to be administrative in 
nature because the standard's existing requirements and obligations are 
not being increased, decreased, or substantively modified. Accordingly, 
costs associated with manufacturer compliance with Standard No. 108 are 
not expected to change as a result of this regulatory action.

II. Background

A. Historical Overview of the Standard

    The initial version of FMVSS No. 108 was adopted almost 40 years 
ago \1\ to increase motor vehicle safety by establishing requirements 
for vehicle lighting, reflective devices, and associated equipment. In 
developing the standard, NHTSA incorporated requirements from a number 
of industry consensus standards, in particular SAE standards. At that 
time, motor vehicle technologies were relatively simple, as compared to 
today's designs. For example, motor vehicle headlighting systems were 
limited to ones consisting of either two 7-inch or four 5\3/4\-inch 
round sealed beam units. During the ensuing years, a number of 
rectangular sealed beam units, replaceable bulb headlamps, and integral 
beam headlamps were developed, and FMVSS No. 108 was amended to permit 
the use of these new technologies. Later, the standard was further 
amended to add requirements for center high-mounted stop lamps, side 
marker lamps, and side reflex reflectors, to allow for daytime running 
lamps, and to address the conspicuity needs of large vehicles. However, 
such amendments were made on an ad hoc basis, which, over time, 
resulted in a patchwork organization for FMVSS No. 108.
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    \1\ The final rule which first promulgated FMVSS No. 108 was 
published on February 3, 1967, with an effective date of January 1, 
1968 (see 32 FR 2408).
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    Furthermore, when regulated parties had questions regarding how 
FMVSS No. 108 should be interpreted (in many instances due to rapid 
advances in lighting technology not fully anticipated or addressed by 
the existing regulatory text), they submitted requests for 
interpretation to the agency on specific issues. Since its 
promulgation, there has been a large number of interpretation letters 
issued on FMVSS No. 108. Thus, in its current state, FMVSS No. 108 has

[[Page 77455]]

requirements that are located directly in its regulatory text, located 
in referenced SAE standards, and elaborated upon in various agency 
interpretations. Since its inception, NHTSA has never completed a 
thorough reorganization of the entire standard.

B. The Need for an Administrative Re-write of the Standard

    Due to concerns about being able to locate requirements efficiently 
and the apparent lack of clarity associated with the standard as 
demonstrated by an abundance of letters of interpretation, we have 
decided to undertake an administrative re-write of FMVSS No. 108. The 
agency has also received complaints that the current text of FMVSS No. 
108 sometimes results in confusion, in part due to the way it is 
organized. In present form, FMVSS No. 108 does not group all 
requirements for a particular lamp together. Regulated parties have 
stated that the current organization of FMVSS No. 108 makes it 
difficult for them, at times, to be fully confident that all applicable 
requirements have been identified and satisfied prior to certification 
to the standard. Also, the large number of interpretations that has 
been issued by the agency regarding Standard No. 108 makes it difficult 
for interested parties to locate and identify the agency's position on 
relevant issues. In addition, regulated parties have conveyed to the 
agency in recent years that some of the older SAE standards 
incorporated by reference into FMVSS No. 108 are no longer readily 
available from SAE International.
    The agency believes that interested parties should have easy access 
to the requirements of the standard, and, therefore, we believe there 
would be value in publishing requirements that are currently contained 
in third-party documents directly within FMVSS No. 108 itself. For 
example, the performance requirements and associated test procedures 
for various lamps are currently contained in several referenced SAE 
standards. However, the agency believes it would be beneficial to 
incorporate these requirements, without change, directly into the 
regulatory text of FMVSS No. 108. The same logic applies to our 
decision to propose including the results of relevant legal 
interpretations into the standard. Furthermore, several provisions in 
Standard No. 108 refer to regulatory inception dates that are several 
years in the past, so the agency is proposing to eliminate text citing 
such past dates.
    For these reasons, we believe that the benefits of an 
administrative re-write of FMVSS No. 108 (e.g., making the standard 
more navigable and thereby facilitating compliance with existing 
requirements) justify the necessary commitment of agency resources to 
accomplish this reorganization of the standard.

III. Agency Proposal

A. Summary of the Proposal

    The agency is proposing to reorganize FMVSS No. 108 in such a 
manner as to make it more understandable (e.g., by adopting a 
simplified numbering scheme) and to reduce references to third-party 
documents. This administrative re-write attempts to organize related 
materials in a logical and consistent manner that improves the clarity 
of the requirements, thereby increasing its utility for interested 
parties. As proposed, the reorganized standard would progress from 
vehicle-level requirements to device-level requirements, beginning with 
the most common requirements and then proceeding to exceptions. In 
order to make requirements easier to find, we are proposing to add a 
Table of Contents as an appendix to the standard. In addition, a list 
of figures and cross-reference roadmaps are included as a part of this 
proposal in order to indicate where specific requirements currently in 
FMVSS No. 108 would reside in the reorganized regulatory text of the 
standard.
    This document also proposes to move figures addressing sealed beam 
headlamps that are currently included in FMVSS No. 108 and SAE J1383 
(APR 1985) into 49 CFR Part 564 as a newly-created Appendix C. 
Consistent with our understanding that few lighting manufacturers still 
produce sealed beam headlamps, we see few drawbacks to consolidating 
the information regarding sealed beam light sources with other light 
source information currently located in 49 CFR Part 564, Replaceable 
Light Source Information.
    By way of overview, requirements in the proposed re-write of FMVSS 
No. 108 are consolidated into dedicated paragraphs. The first several 
paragraphs (S1 through S4) would be organized in the same manner as the 
present standard, although we note that S4, Definitions, has been 
expanded to incorporate relevant definitions from the applicable SAE 
standards previously incorporated as part of Standard No. 108. S5 would 
address the remaining references to SAE standards.
    Whereas Standard No. 108 currently references approximately 35 
different SAE documents in nearly 100 separate instances, the proposed 
re-write references eight SAE documents, which we believe will not be 
commonly used by regulated parties. Performance requirements and 
physical and environmental test procedures currently located in SAE 
standards, including but not limited to SAE J575d (Aug 1967), SAE J 
575e (Aug 1970), SAE J575 (Dec 1988), SAE J565b (Feb 1969), SAE J580 
(Dec 1986), SAE J565b (Feb 1969), SAE J590b (Oct 1965), and SAE J945 
(Feb 1966), have been included in Tables XXI to XXIII of FMVSS No. 108 
as part of the proposed re-write. To the extent possible, the proposed 
re-write limits the amount of references within the regulatory text to 
other sections of the standard.
    As an organizational improvement, the proposal addresses vehicle-
level requirements in S6, including requirements by vehicle type. 
Following that, requirements are organized with dedicated sections for 
each type of lamp and reflective device, beginning with signal lamps, 
reflective devices and associated equipment under S7 and headlamp and 
headlighting requirements under S8 through S13, and S16 through S18. 
S14 addresses aimability performance requirements, while S15 covers 
replaceable light sources (including references to Part 564). The 
agency believes this format would make the standard more comprehensible 
and user-friendly.
    From a regulatory perspective, it is our intention that this 
administrative re-write of Standard No. 108 would neither result in any 
current obligation being diminished, nor any new obligation being 
imposed. Therefore, we do not believe that vehicle manufacturers and 
lighting manufacturers would have to make any changes to their 
respective products or production processes if this proposal were made 
final. Accordingly, we are proposing to make the proposed revisions 
effective 180 days after publication of the final rule. Voluntary early 
compliance with the reorganized standard is proposed to be permitted 
immediately, although the substantive requirements are identical under 
both versions.

B. Process for Developing the Administrative Re-Write

1. Review of Existing Regulatory Text
    The agency began this administrative re-write process by reviewing 
the existing regulatory text of Standard No. 108, including 
requirements that are currently incorporated by reference from SAE 
standards. During the course of this extensive review, it became 
apparent that FMVSS No. 108 could be organized in a more efficient 
manner. We noted that, in many instances,

[[Page 77456]]

requirements for a specific lamp are located throughout FMVSS No. 108. 
In many cases, the regulatory text of the standard references other 
sections within the standard, which made review cumbersome. In other 
cases, FMVSS No. 108 contains specific performance requirements but 
does not contain the applicable test procedure (which is located in the 
cited SAE standard); the agency noted it would be much easier to 
simultaneously review both the test procedures and performance 
requirements if that information were consolidated in one location, in 
contrast to the current arrangement.
2. Review of Existing Interpretation Letters
    Because there have been over two thousand interpretation letters 
issued by the agency regarding FMVSS No. 108 since the standard was 
initially implemented, we attempted to identify the most significant 
ones. The criteria used in determining whether an interpretation was 
significant focused on whether it provided value in clarifying the 
provisions in the standard. In the vast majority of cases, requests for 
interpretation have identified questions regarding applicability of 
certain provisions to specific design configurations. These 
interpretations were not included, because we tentatively concluded 
they would not add value to the regulatory text.
    Using this approach, in order to clarify the current requirements 
of FMVSS No. 108, the re-write proposal contains text from the 
following key interpretation letters (each of which is briefly 
described in the following paragraphs), to Mr. Alkire \2\ (11/28/89), 
Mr. Camp \3\ (6/17/97), Mr. Clarke \4\ (7/28/05), Mr. Farber \5\ (5/26/
00), Mr. King \6\ (7/12/00), Mr. Parkyn \7\ (6/1/98), and Mr. Spingler 
(7/2/99 \8\ and 4/6/00 \9\). (Each of these interpretations is 
discussed below, although only to the extent necessary to describe the 
key principle(s) being incorporated as part of the administrative re-
write of FMVSS No. 108.) It also reflects our notice of interpretation 
concerning replacement equipment published in the Federal Register (70 
FR 65972) on November 1, 2005. The agency invites input from interested 
parties regarding additional interpretations that they believe should 
be included in the final rule for this administrative re-write, 
including identification of the interpretation, specific text to 
consider, and the applicable paragraph of the re-write where it should 
be added.
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    \2\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/2169y.html.
    \3\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/15309.ztv.html.
    \4\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/GF002551.3.html.
    \5\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21341.ztv.html.
    \6\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21605.ztv.html.
    \7\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/17690.ztv.html.
    \8\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/19548.ztv.html.
    \9\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21406.ztv.html.
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    The Alkire interpretation addressed questions regarding 
modifications that may take a vehicle out of compliance and what 
parties are prohibited from making such modifications. It states, 
``This standard [FMVSS 108] must be met when the vehicle is 
manufactured, and when it is sold to its first purchaser (i.e., dealer-
installed equipment must not affect compliance of the vehicle with the 
safety standards).'' Because dealers are increasingly involved in 
installing equipment and accessories to vehicles before they are 
initially sold and those items usually raise obstruction issues, 
explicit language was incorporated in S6.2.2 of this proposal to 
address obstruction.
    The Camp interpretation established that running boards are 
considered substantially similar to other items of equipment such as 
signal lamps, marker lamps, outside rearview mirrors, flexible fender 
extensions, mud flaps, and outside door handles, and thus should be 
likewise excluded from the definition of ``overall width'' that 
currently resides in obscurity as footnote 1 to Table IV of Standard 
No. 108. All definitions specific to FMVSS No. 108 are located in S4 of 
this proposal, including ``overall width.'' Adding running boards to 
that definition consolidates all exclusions and clarifies the 
requirement.
    The Clarke interpretation responded to a request to clarify how 
close auxiliary lamps may be mounted to required identification lamps 
to avoid impairment. FMVSS No. 108 requires that the three lamps that 
make up the identification lamp cluster be spaced from 6 to 12 inches 
apart. This unique appearance serves as a signal to other drivers that 
the vehicle, so equipped, is a large vehicle. Therefore, our 
interpretation letter stated that in making an impairment 
determination, the agency considers how close the identification lamps 
are spaced to each other, as well as to the auxiliary lamps. In that 
letter, the agency stated that positioning auxiliary lamps at a 
distance that is at least twice the distance that separates each lamp 
in the required three-lamp cluster provides sufficient separation not 
to impair the effectiveness of the three lamp cluster. This language 
was included in S6.2.5 of this proposal. In addition, the Clarke 
interpretation also emphasized that auxiliary lamps must be designed to 
comply with the photometric output and be of the same color as required 
lamps to avoid impairment. This requirement is contained in S6.2.3 of 
this proposal to add clarity.
    The Farber interpretation addressed the issue of what actions are 
permitted to cause the stop lamps to illuminate. The current explicit 
language in FMVSS No. 108 requires that stop lamps illuminate ``upon 
application of the service brakes.'' In this interpretation letter, 
NHTSA discussed the fact that any item of vehicle equipment that 
diminishes the speed of a vehicle beyond normally achievable coast-down 
deceleration creates an appearance to a following driver equivalent to 
that of a service brake application. Therefore, it would be permissible 
for the stop lamps to be illuminated when a device such as an engine 
retarder, transmission downshifting device, or similar item acts to 
slow the vehicle, because such illumination would not create any 
confusion in the mind of a following driver and thus would not ``impair 
the effectiveness'' of the required stop lamps. Accordingly, this 
proposal states in S6.1.5.1 (Stop lamp activation): ``Each stop lamp 
may also be activated when the vehicle is slowed by a device designed 
to retard the motion of the vehicle.'' This language also appears in 
each of the three ``Stop Lamps'' rows in the ``Device Activation'' 
column of Table I.
    The King interpretation concerned lamp systems (such as stop lamps, 
turn signal lamps, and taillamps), that consist of two closely mounted 
lamps, one of which is mounted on the outer edge of the deck lid and 
the other mounted adjacent on the rear quarter panel. The photometric 
requirements for stop lamps, rear turn signal lamps, and taillamps must 
be determined based upon how many such individual lamps or individual 
lighted sections in a single lamp are present. In the situation 
described in the King interpretation, there were two discrete, 
physically-separate lamps each having a portion of the total stop, turn 
signal, and tail function for one side of the vehicle. Mr. King asked 
whether both functions, when considered together, must be designed to 
comply with the two-lighted-section photometry requirement for that 
function, or whether the lamp mounted on the rear quarter panel must be 
designed to comply with the single-lighted-compartment photometric 
requirement for that function. NHTSA confirmed that in the situation 
described, the lamp that is mounted on the rear quarter panel is the 
one that must be designed to comply with FMVSS No. 108 because it will 
be visible at all times. In contrast, the lamp

[[Page 77457]]

mounted to the deck lid would be considered supplemental lighting 
equipment because it could be out of design position if the vehicle is 
operated with the lid open. In order to clarify FMVSS 108's 
requirements in such situations, S6.1.3 (Mounting location and height) 
of this proposal includes the following sentence: ``When multiple lamp 
arrangements of or multiple compartment rear turn signal lamps, stop 
lamps, or taillamps are used, with only a portion of the compartments 
or lamps installed on a fixed body panel of the vehicle, that portion 
must meet at least the photometric requirements for the appropriate 
single compartment lamp.''
    The Parkyn interpretation responded to a request for clarification 
regarding photometric requirements for stop lamps installed on motor-
driven cycles. Regarding such lamps, the applicable section of the 
current version of FMVSS No. 108 states the required photometric output 
``for the group of test points specified in Figure 1 is at least one-
half of the minimum values set forth in that figure.'' The process of 
determining the photometric requirements for parking lamps, taillamps, 
and motor-driven cycle stop lamps in FMVSS No. 108 is a multi-step 
procedure requiring a calculation based on values found in Figures 1A, 
1B, and 1C. NHTSA stated the result of the proper calculation for a 
single lighted section motor-driven cycle stop lamp was 26 candela in 
Zones 1 and 5, 50 candela in Zones 2 and 4, and 190 candela in Zone 3. 
To simplify this requirement, this proposal has obviated the need for 
such calculations by eliminating the content of Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C, 
choosing instead to place the specific photometric values into new 
Table XIV for parking lamps, Table VIII for taillamps, and Table IX for 
stop lamps. Footnote 5 of Table IX specifically notes the portion that 
applies to motor-driven cycle stop lamps.
    The letter of interpretation issued to Mr. Spingler on July 2, 1999 
responded to a request for clarification as to whether there are any 
lateral limits on headlamp lower beam photometry in the area from 
10[deg]U to 90[deg]U. Currently, FMVSS No. 108 Figures 15-1, 15-2, 17-
1, 17-2, 28-1, and 28-2, which address lower beam headlamp photometry, 
require a maximum of 125 candela in the area of 10[deg]U to 90[deg]U 
but do not cite any lateral limits in that area. In our interpretation 
to Mr. Spingler, NHTSA stated, ``The Figures do not state where in 
space from left to right to locate the vertical line, and thus, they do 
not specify that a line is to be measured. It follows that the only 
description of a set of test points is that of the entire area from 90L 
to 90R and 10U to 90U, i.e., an area from the extreme left of the test 
point grid to the extreme right of the test point grid, with an 
elevation of from 10U to 90U.'' This requirement has been explicitly 
incorporated in Table XIX of this proposal, which specifies lateral 
limits of 90[deg]L to 90[deg]R in the area of 10[deg]U to 90[deg]U.
    The letter of interpretation issued to Mr. Spingler on April 6, 
2000 concerned the procedure for measuring the cut-off parameter in a 
visually/optically aimable headlamp, specifically the appropriate 
measurement distance and photo sensor aperture size. In that letter, we 
stated that the intent of the negotiated rulemaking, which culminated 
with the amendments to FMVSS No. 108 permitting visually-optically 
aimed headlamps, was to specify that the cut-off parameter should be 
measured and aimed at a distance of 10 meters using a photosensor with 
a 10 millimeter diameter. The letter also confirmed that compliance 
with photometric requirements is determined at 18.3 meters. NHTSA also 
stated its intent to include these requirements in a future amendment 
to FMVSS 108. This proposal fulfills that commitment by proposing to 
include these requirements in S14.10.1.5.
3. Structure of the Revised Standard
    The agency developed the general approach for this proposal to 
reorganize FMVSS No. 108 through coordinated efforts between NHTSA and 
a lighting consultant with whom the agency contracted. The proposed 
structure for this administrative re-write follows that of a report 
submitted under this contract (which may be found in the docket for 
this rulemaking), beginning with the most common requirements and then 
proceeding to exceptions and permutations. As proposed, the standard 
progresses from vehicle-level requirements to device-level 
requirements, consolidated from a structural perspective to the extent 
possible. References to third-party documents have been eliminated, to 
the extent possible, with applicable requirements instead being 
included directly in the text of FMVSS No. 108.
    The following provides an overview of the provisions contained in 
the revised standard, as proposed. As previously mentioned, paragraphs 
S1 through S4 are nearly identical to the existing standard. S5 makes 
clear that some SAE documents continue to be incorporated by reference 
in FMVSS No. 108 and states that a list of those SAE documents may be 
found in 49 CFR 571.5(j). (We note that while 49 CFR 571.5 (j) does not 
currently exist, a recent NPRM \10\ published in the Federal Register 
proposed to establish 49 CFR 571.5 as a centralized repository of all 
third-party documents incorporated by reference in our FMVSSs.)
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    \10\ 70 FR 36094 (June 22, 2005). This NPRM primarily addressed 
the definition of ``designated seating position'' (see Docket No. 
NHTSA-2005-21600-1).
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    As proposed, we have reorganized S6 to include the vehicle-level 
requirements for motor vehicle lighting equipment. The basic parameters 
for such equipment, including quantity required, color, mounting, and 
activation, are addressed. Supplementing S6 is Table I. Table I 
specifies requirements for the above parameters for each lamp and 
reflective device. In terms of hierarchy, Table I is organized by 
starting with equipment required on all vehicles (except trailers and 
motorcycles), and then listing other required or optional devices that 
are necessary depending on the specific width, length, weight, 
construction, or purpose of a vehicle. This process is subsequently 
repeated for trailers and motorcycles.
    Proposed Table I also incorporates the content from Tables I, II, 
III, and IV of current FMVSS No. 108, as well as activation 
requirements from the text of the current standard. The term 
``activation'' is given the same meaning in both the proposed re-write 
and the current version of FMVSS No. 108; that term refers to how the 
light sources for specific lighting functions are energized. Some of 
these requirements are currently identified as ``wiring'' requirements 
under FMVSS No. 108, but because of problems associated with imprecise 
usage of that term, we have decided not to use it to describe 
energizing light sources in the re-write.
    S6 also describes additional equipment that may be installed under 
the standard, such as Daytime Running Lamps (DRLs) and additional 
quantities of required devices above those needed to make a vehicle 
compliant with the standard. A recent letter of interpretation (the 
previously discussed letter of interpretation to Mr. Clarke) concerning 
the installation of auxiliary identification lamps is reflected in this 
section. The requirement that additional equipment cannot impair the 
effectiveness of required equipment is also included under S6, along 
with requirements that arise when a lamp or reflective device is 
obscured by another item of equipment. Permitted and prohibited 
combinations of lamps and reflective devices are included in S6.3,

[[Page 77458]]

and S6.4 deals with the requirements of effective projected luminous 
lens area and visibility. Specific effective projected luminous lens 
area and visibility requirements for all lamps are listed in Tables IV 
and V.
    The use of ``DOT'' and ``DRL'' markings is explained in S6.5. We 
note that although we considered consolidating all marking requirements 
into one section, such an approach proved to be unattainable because of 
the organizational structure chosen for the re-write. Because the 
``DOT'' marking is the one that has the widest applicability for items 
of equipment regulated under FMVSS No. 108 items and in light of the 
prominent position of S6.5, we do not believe that it would be 
overlooked by future users.
    S6.6 lists the various items of associated equipment required on 
regulated vehicles. It also includes requirements for a license plate 
holder previously referenced in SAE J587 (OCT 1981). Another important 
provision is S6.7, which covers replacement lighting equipment. The 
proposed language in the re-write states that such equipment must 
conform to all requirements except photometry, and it must be designed 
to conform to photometry requirements, either of the current version of 
FMVSS No. 108 or the version in effect at the time of manufacture of 
the original equipment being replaced. This text provides the 
distinction for older lamp replacements contained in paragraphs S5.8.3 
to S5.8.9 of the current standard.
    Performance requirements based upon physical tests (e.g., corrosion 
test, vibration test, dust test) begin at S6.8. Most of the detailed 
test procedures and performance requirements have been placed in Table 
XXI for associated equipment, Table XXII for signal lamps, motorcycle 
headlamps, and reflective devices, and Table XXIII for headlamps. Tests 
for color and plastic optical materials placed in Table XXII also may 
apply to headlamps.
    S6.8 also includes detailed procedures for photometric testing. For 
example, one specific test procedure applies to all lamps, except 
license plate lamps, headlamps, and DRLs. Another test procedure is 
specifically for license plate lamps, while yet another applies only to 
DRLs. Headlamps have their own test procedure, as do reflex reflectors 
and retroreflective sheeting. A major distinction between these 
different photometry test procedures is the minimum distance required 
between the sample lamp or reflective device and the photo detector.
    Requirements for specific lamps, reflective devices, and items of 
associated equipment are contained in S7. There is a provision for each 
individual type of lamp or reflective device, under which design 
requirements, if any, are listed, and physical test requirements for 
that item are contained in Table XXII. In addition, the photometric 
test requirements specific to each signal lamp or reflective device are 
included in Tables VII through XVII. These tables, along with their 
footnotes, provide complete photometric requirements for the lamps and 
reflective devices installed on all regulated vehicles covered under 
the standard. Photometry requirements generally include minimum and 
maximum luminous intensities at specific test points or groups of test 
points, intensities for arrays of multiple lamps or multiple 
compartment lamps, intensity ratios between the separate functions of 
optically combined lamps, as well as differing intensities for lamps 
that perform the same function but are of different colors.
    Requirements for conspicuity systems on truck tractors and some 
trailers are also a part of S7. The text of S7 sets forth presence, 
performance, and marking requirements, while the application 
requirements for covered vehicles are contained in Table III. Figures 
11, 12-1, 12-2, and 13 visually supplement the narrative explanation in 
Table III concerning the placement of conspicuity material on these 
vehicles. Table XVI includes photometry requirements for reflex 
reflectors, conspicuity reflex reflectors, and retroreflective 
sheeting. Specific requirements for items of associated equipment are 
contained in S7.14, while the applicable test requirements are 
specified in Table XXI.
    S8 contains the requirements for headlighting systems and cites 
Table II, which specifically addresses the four categories of headlamps 
that are permitted to be installed on vehicles. Each of these 
categories (sealed beam, integral beam, replaceable bulb, and 
combination headlighting systems) has specific photometric 
requirements. The requirements are also dependent upon whether the 
system is a two-lamp or four-lamp design and whether the headlamps are 
mechanically or visually aimed. All upper beam photometric requirements 
are contained in Table XVIII, and all lower beam photometric 
requirements are contained in Table XIX. S8 also describes how upper 
beam and lower beam headlamps must be arranged on the vehicle.
    Under proposed S9, the standard provides more detailed requirements 
for sealed beam headlamps, including a statement explaining that basic 
design information may be found in Appendix C of Part 564. In addition, 
S9 specifies requirements for a sealed beam headlighting system in 
which the upper and lower beams are aimed simultaneously. The text also 
directs the reader to the applicable photometric and physical test 
requirements for that type of headlighting system.
    Similar to the provisions in S9, paragraph S10 contains analogous 
provisions for integral beam headlamps, and paragraph S11 contains 
those same type of provisions for replaceable bulb headlamps. S12 
contains requirements for combination headlamps. A combination headlamp 
system, being composed of a combination of specific sealed beam 
headlamps, integral beam headlamps, or replaceable bulb headlamps, does 
not have specific performance requirements. Rather, its component parts 
are required to meet the performance associated with their particular 
category.
    Paragraph S13 contains requirements for motorcycle headlamps. 
Generally, motorcycles may use one half of any listed headlamp system 
or a headlighting system exclusive to motorcycles. The standard 
includes design requirements for the motorcycle-exclusive system in S13 
and associated photometry requirements in Table XX. Requirements for 
motorcycle headlamp modulation systems are also contained in S13.
    Paragraph S14 addresses headlamp adjustment and aiming. Headlamps 
may either be mechanically aimed by an external aiming device that 
attaches to the lens face, mechanically aimed by using an integral 
aiming device called a Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Device (VHAD), or be 
visually-optically aimed. S14 includes specific requirements for each 
of these aiming systems, and Table XXIII contains physical test 
requirements for the VHAD system. Requirements for marking the optical 
axis of a headlamp are also contained in this section.
    Paragraph S15, dealing with replaceable light sources, is almost 
identical to the corresponding section currently in FMVSS No. 108; 
however, some test procedures and performance requirements have been 
incorporated into Table XXIII. Paragraph S16, addressing headlamp 
concealment devices, has been adopted verbatim from the current FMVSS 
No. 108. Paragraph S17 consolidates marking requirements that apply 
only to headlamps and lists for reference the other sections of the 
FMVSS No. 108 re-write where marking requirements reside. Paragraph S18 
contains requirements for headlamps with replaceable lenses.

[[Page 77459]]

4. Incorporations by Reference
    FMVSS No. 108 currently incorporates approximately three dozen SAE 
standards by reference. Under the proposed reorganization of the re-
write, the number of SAE standards that would continue to be 
incorporated by reference is reduced to eight. This reduction would be 
achieved by including performance requirements and test procedures 
currently contained in SAE standards into the tables and text of FMVSS 
No. 108. We believe that this modification would greatly increase the 
utility of the document and that most interested parties would 
infrequently, if ever, need to use the SAE standards that continue to 
be incorporated by reference.
    Under the proposed re-write, FMVSS No. 108 would still incorporate 
the requirements of the following SAE Standards by reference: (1) SAE 
J588e, Turn Signal Lamps (September 1970), (2) SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs 
and Sealed Units (December 1968), (3) SAE J577, Vibration Test Machine 
(April 1964), (4) SAE J823b, Flasher Test Equipment (April 1968), (5) 
SAE J602, Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam 
Headlamp Units (August 1963), (6) SAE J602, Headlamp Aiming Device for 
Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp Units (October 1980), (7) SAE 
J2009, Discharge Forward Lighting Systems (February 1993), and (8) SAE 
J1050, Describing and Measuring the Driver's Field of View.

C. Effective Date

    As previously discussed, the proposed amendments set forth in this 
notice would not make substantive changes to the existing standard. 
Instead, we are proposing to amend and reorganize the regulatory text 
of FMVSS No. 108 so that it simplifies the presentation of the 
standard's requirements for lamps, reflective devices, and associated 
equipment and reflects the agency's interpretation of the existing 
requirements. We believe vehicle manufacturers and lighting 
manufacturers would not have to make any changes to their respective 
products or production processes if this proposal were made final; 
instead, the proposed amendments should reduce the burden of certifying 
to Standard No. 108 for regulated parties. Accordingly, we are 
proposing to make the proposed revisions effective 180 days after 
publication of the final rule. Voluntary early compliance with the 
reorganized standard would be permitted immediately, although the 
substantive requirements are identical under both versions.

IV. Benefits and Costs

    Because this proposal only reorganizes the existing requirements of 
the standard, we do not anticipate that there would be any costs or 
benefits associated with this rulemaking action to implement an 
administrative re-write of FMVSS No. 108, other than the benefits 
associated with a clearer, easier-to-read standard. Accordingly, the 
agency did not conduct a separate economic analysis for this 
rulemaking.

V. Public Participation

How Can I Influence NHTSA's Thinking on This Notice?

    In developing this notice, NHTSA has sought to address the concerns 
of all stakeholders. Your comments will help us determine the final 
form for the standard, pursuant to the FMVSS No. 108 re-write. We 
invite you to provide different views about the issues presented, 
specific interpretations that have not been included in the re-write 
that you think should be (including applicable proposed regulatory 
text), how this notice may affect you, or other relevant information. 
We welcome your views on all aspects of this notice. Your comments will 
be most effective if you follow the suggestions below:
     Explain your views and reasoning as clearly as possible.
     Provide empirical evidence, wherever possible, to support 
your views.
     If you estimate potential costs, explain how you arrived 
at that estimate.
     Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns.
     Offer specific alternatives, including proposed regulatory 
text.
     Reference specific sections of the notice in your 
comments, such as the units or page numbers of the preamble, or the 
regulatory sections.
     Be sure to include the name, date, and docket number of 
the proceeding as part of your comments.

How Do I Prepare and Submit Comments?

    Your comments must be written and in English. To ensure that your 
comments are correctly filed in the Docket, please include the docket 
number of this document in your comments.
    Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. (49 CFR 553.21) 
We established this limit to encourage you to write your primary 
comments in a concise fashion. However, you may attach necessary 
additional documents to your comments. There is no limit on the length 
of the attachments.
    Please submit two copies of your comments, including the 
attachments, to Docket Management at the address given above under 
ADDRESSES.
    You may also submit your comments to the docket electronically by 
logging onto the Dockets Management System Web site at http://dms.dot.gov. Click on ``Help & Information'' or ``Help/Info'' to obtain 
instructions for filing your document electronically.

How Can I Be Sure That My Comments Were Received?

    If you wish Docket Management to notify you upon its receipt of 
your comments, enclose a self-addressed, stamped postcard in the 
envelope containing your comments. Upon receiving your comments, Docket 
Management will return the postcard by mail. Each electronic filer will 
receive electronic confirmation that his or her submission has been 
received.

How Do I Submit Confidential Business Information?

    If you wish to submit any information under a claim of 
confidentiality, you should submit three copies of your complete 
submission, including the information you claim to be confidential 
business information, to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the address given 
above under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. In addition, you should 
submit two copies, from which you have deleted the claimed confidential 
business information, to Docket Management at the address given above 
under ADDRESSES. When you send a comment containing information claimed 
to be confidential business information, you should include a cover 
letter delineating that information, as specified in our confidential 
business information regulation. (49 CFR Part 512.)

Will the Agency Consider Late Comments?

    We will consider all comments that Docket Management receives 
before the close of business on the comment closing date indicated 
above under DATES. To the extent possible, we will also consider 
comments that Docket Management receives after that date. If Docket 
Management receives a comment too late for us to consider it in 
developing a final rule (assuming that one is issued), we will consider 
that comment as an informal suggestion for future rulemaking action.

[[Page 77460]]

How Can I Read the Comments Submitted by Other People?

    You may read the comments received by Docket Management at the 
address given above under ADDRESSES. The hours of the Docket are 
indicated above in the same location.
    You may also review filed public comments on the Internet. To read 
the comments on the Internet, take the following steps:
    1. Go to the Docket Management System (DMS) Web page of the 
Department of Transportation (http://dms.dot.gov/).
    2. On that page, click on ``search.''
    3. On the next page (http://dms.dot.gov/search/), type in the four-
digit docket number shown at the beginning of this document. (Example: 
If the docket number were ``NHTSA-1998-1234,'' you would type 
``1234.'') After typing the docket number, click on ``search.''
    4. On the next page, which contains docket summary information for 
the docket you selected, click on the desired comments. You may 
download the comments. Although the comments are imaged documents, 
instead of word processing documents, the ``pdf'' versions of the 
documents are word searchable.
    Please note that even after the comment closing date, we will 
continue to file relevant information in the Docket as it becomes 
available. Further, some people may submit late comments. Accordingly, 
we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material.

Data Quality Act Statement

    Pursuant to the Data Quality Act, in order for substantive data 
submitted by third parties to be relied upon and used by the agency, it 
must also meet the information quality standards set forth in the DOT 
Data Quality Act guidelines. Accordingly, members of the public should 
consult the guidelines in preparing information submissions to the 
agency. DOT's guidelines may be accessed at http://dmses.dot.gov/submit/DataQualityGuidelines.pdf.

VI. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices

A. Vehicle Safety Act

    Under 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety (49 U.S.C. 30101 
et seq.), the Secretary of Transportation is responsible for 
prescribing motor vehicle safety standards that are practicable, meet 
the need for motor vehicle safety, and are stated in objective 
terms.\11\ These motor vehicle safety standards set a minimum standard 
for motor vehicle or motor vehicle equipment performance.\12\ When 
prescribing such standards, the Secretary must consider all relevant, 
available motor vehicle safety information.\13\ The Secretary also must 
consider whether a proposed standard is reasonable, practicable, and 
appropriate for the type of motor vehicle or motor vehicle equipment 
for which it is prescribed and the extent to which the standard will 
further the statutory purpose of reducing traffic accidents and 
associated deaths.\14\ The responsibility for promulgation of Federal 
motor vehicle safety standards has been delegated to NHTSA.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ 49 U.S.C. 30111(a).
    \12\ 49 U.S.C. 30102(a)(9).
    \13\ 49 U.S.C. 30111(b).
    \14\ Id.
    \15\ 49 U.S.C. 105 and 322; delegation of authority at 49 CFR 
1.50.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FMVSS No. 108, Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment, 
was originally established in a final rule published in the Federal 
Register on February 3, 1967 (32 FR 2408). The purpose of the standard 
is to reduce traffic accidents and deaths and injuries resulting from 
traffic accidents, by providing adequate illumination of the roadway, 
and by enhancing the conspicuity of motor vehicles on the public roads 
so that their presence is perceived and their signals understood, both 
in daylight and in darkness or other conditions of reduced visibility. 
Since the time of the standard's initial promulgation, the agency has 
undertaken numerous rulemakings and interpretations related to Standard 
No. 108, in many cases to deal with the emergence of new lighting 
technologies. In recent years, concerns have been raised that after 
nearly four decades of amendment, navigating the requirements of the 
standard has become increasingly difficult. Therefore, the agency is 
proposing an administrative re-write of Standard No. 108 in order to 
improve its structure and clarity, without changing any of its existing 
substantive requirements. In preparing this proposed rule, the agency 
carefully considered the statutory requirements of 49 U.S.C. Chapter 
301.
    First, this proposal reflects the agency's careful consideration 
and analysis of all existing regulatory provision of FMVSS No. 108, as 
well as salient letters of interpretation related to that standard. In 
developing the substantive provisions of the standard over the years, 
the agency considered all relevant, available motor vehicle safety 
information, including available research, testing results, and other 
information related to various technologies. This proposed 
administrative re-write does not change any of these existing 
provisions or the basis therefore.
    Second, to ensure that the requirements of FMVSS No. 108 are 
practicable (as well as consistent with our safety objectives), the 
agency evaluated the cost, availability, and suitability of the 
standard's provisions, both when initially adopted and during 
subsequent amendments. As noted above, the changes resulting from this 
proposal are administrative in nature and would not impact the costs 
and benefits of the standard. In sum, we believe that this proposal is 
practicable and would maintain the benefits of Standard No. 108.
    Third, the proposed regulatory text following this preamble is 
stated in objective terms in order to specify precisely what 
performance is required and how performance will be tested to ensure 
compliance with the standard. In certain cases, the proposal would 
modify the language of the standard to improve clarity or to 
incorporate existing interpretations, again without changing the 
substance of the existing requirements.
    Fourth, we believe that this proposed rule would meet the need for 
motor vehicle safety by clarifying the safety standard, thereby making 
it easier for regulated parties to comply with all applicable 
requirements.
    Finally, we believe that this proposal is reasonable and 
appropriate for motor vehicles subject to the applicable requirements. 
As discussed elsewhere in this notice, the modifications to the 
standard resulting from this proposal would be administrative in 
nature. It does not affect the substance of the requirements or the 
bases for those requirements, as articulated in earlier rulemakings. 
Accordingly, we believe that this proposal would be appropriate for 
covered vehicles that are or would become subject to these provisions 
of FMVSS No. 108 because it furthers the agency's objective of 
preventing crash-related deaths and serious injuries by ensuring 
adequate illumination of roadways and enhanced conspicuity of motor 
vehicles.

B. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures

    Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and Review'' (58 FR 
51735, October 4, 1993), provides for making determinations whether a 
regulatory action is ``significant'' and therefore subject to OMB 
review and to the requirements of the Executive Order. The Order 
defines a ``significant

[[Page 77461]]

regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a rule that may:
    (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or 
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or Tribal governments or 
communities;
    (2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an 
action taken or planned by another agency;
    (3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, 
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients 
thereof; or
    (4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal 
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in 
the Executive Order.
    This rulemaking document was not reviewed by the Office of 
Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866. The rule is not 
considered to be significant within the meaning of E.O. 12866 or the 
Department of Transportation's Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 
FR 11034 (Feb. 26, 1979)). As stated above in Section IV, Benefits and 
Costs, this proposal is not expected to require parties subject to the 
requirements of the safety standard to alter their existing practices 
for certifying compliance with Standard No. 108 or to increase costs of 
compliance, because the proposal would only reorganize and clarify 
existing requirements. Accordingly, the agency has not prepared any 
supplemental economic analysis to accompany this rulemaking document.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., 
as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act 
(SBREFA) of 1996), whenever an agency is required to publish a notice 
of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make 
available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that 
describes the effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., small 
businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions). 
The Small Business Administration's regulations at 13 CFR Part 121 
define a small business, in part, as a business entity ``which operates 
primarily within the United States.'' (13 CFR 121.105(a)). No 
regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of an agency 
certifies the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. SBREFA amended the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act to require Federal agencies to provide a statement of 
the factual basis for certifying that a rule will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
    NHTSA has considered the effects of this proposed rule under the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act. I certify that this proposed rule would not 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. The rationale for this certification is that the present 
proposal does not make any substantive changes to this safety standard, 
so affected parties would be able to continue current practices without 
change. Accordingly, we do not anticipate that this proposal would have 
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

D. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)

    Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 10, 
1999), requires NHTSA to develop an accountable process to ensure 
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the 
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.'' 
``Policies that have federalism implications'' are defined in the 
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct 
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national 
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities among the various levels of government.'' Under 
Executive Order 13132, the agency may not issue a regulation with 
Federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance 
costs, and that is not required by statute, unless the Federal 
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance 
costs incurred by State and local governments, the agency consults with 
State and local governments, or the agency consults with State and 
local officials early in the process of developing the proposed 
regulation. NHTSA also may not issue a regulation with Federalism 
implications and that preempts a State law unless the agency consults 
with State and local officials early in the process of developing the 
regulation.
    NHTSA has analyzed this proposed rule in accordance with the 
principles and criteria set forth in Executive Order 13132, and the 
agency determined that the rule would not have sufficient Federalism 
implications to warrant consultations with State and local officials or 
the preparation of a Federalism summary impact statement. This proposed 
rule is not expected to have any substantial effects on the States, or 
on the current distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various local officials.

E. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)

    Pursuant to Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform'' (61 FR 
4729, February 7, 1996), the agency has considered whether this 
rulemaking would have any retroactive effect. This proposed rule would 
not have any retroactive effect. Under 49 U.S.C. 30103, whenever a 
Federal motor vehicle safety standard is in effect, a State may not 
adopt or maintain a safety standard applicable to the same aspect of 
performance which is not identical to the Federal standard, except to 
the extent that the State requirement imposes a higher level of 
performance and applies only to vehicles procured for the State's use. 
49 U.S.C. 30161 sets forth a procedure for judicial review of final 
rules establishing, amending, or revoking Federal motor vehicle safety 
standards. That section does not require submission of a petition for 
reconsideration or other administrative proceedings before parties may 
file a suit in court.

F. Executive Order 13045 (Protection of Children from Environmental 
Health and Safety Risks)

    Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental 
Health and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19855, April 23, 1997), applies to any 
rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant'' as 
defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental, 
health, or safety risk that the agency has reason to believe may have a 
disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets 
both criteria, the agency must evaluate the environmental health or 
safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the 
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and 
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the agency.
    This proposed rule is not subject to E.O. 13045 because it is not 
an economically significant regulatory action under Executive Order 
12866, and because it does not involve decisions based upon health and 
safety risks that disproportionately affect children.

G. Paperwork Reduction Act

    Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA), a person is not 
required to respond to a collection of information by a Federal agency 
unless the collection displays a valid OMB control number. This 
proposed rule does not contain any collection of information

[[Page 77462]]

requirements requiring review under the PRA.

H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, (15 U.S.C. 272) directs the 
agency to evaluate and use voluntary consensus standards in its 
regulatory activities unless doing so would be inconsistent with 
applicable law or is otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus 
standards are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test 
methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) that are 
developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies, such as 
the Society of Automotive Engineers. The NTTAA directs us to provide 
Congress (through OMB) with explanations when we decide not to use 
available and applicable voluntary consensus standards. The NTTAA does 
not apply to symbols.
    This proposal would not adopt or reference any new industry or 
consensus standards that were not already present in Standard No. 108. 
The agency's statements regarding the rationale for the use (or non-
use) of third-party standards, as presented in prior rulemakings, 
remain unchanged.

I. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) 
requires federal agencies to prepare a written assessment of the costs, 
benefits, and other effects of proposed or final rules that include a 
Federal mandate likely to result in the expenditure by State, local, or 
tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of more 
than $100 million annually (adjusted for inflation with base year of 
1995 (so currently about $112 million in 2001 dollars)). Before 
promulgating a NHTSA rule for which a written statement is needed, 
section 205 of the UMRA generally requires the agency to identify and 
consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the 
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that 
achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do 
not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, 
section 205 allows the agency to adopt an alternative other than the 
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if 
the agency publishes with the final rule an explanation of why that 
alternative was not adopted.
    This proposed rule is not anticipated to result in the expenditure 
by State, local, or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the 
private sector in excess of $112 million annually. Instead, the cost 
impact of this administrative re-write of Standard No. 108 is expected 
to be $0. Therefore, the agency has not prepared an economic assessment 
pursuant to the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

J. National Environmental Policy Act

    NHTSA has analyzed this rulemaking action for the purposes of the 
National Environmental Policy Act. The agency has determined that 
implementation of this action would not have any significant impact on 
the quality of the human environment.

K. Regulatory Identifier Number (RIN)

    The Department of Transportation assigns a regulation identifier 
number (RIN) to each regulatory action listed in the Unified Agenda of 
Federal Regulations. The Regulatory Information Service Center 
publishes the Unified Agenda in April and October of each year. You may 
use the RIN contained in the heading at the beginning of this document 
to find this action in the Unified Agenda.

L. Privacy Act

    Please note that anyone is able to search the electronic form of 
all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the 
individual submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted 
on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may 
review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register 
published on April 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 70; Pages 19477-78), or 
you may visit http://dms.dot.gov.

List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 571

    Motor vehicle safety, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Tires.

    In consideration of the foregoing, Part 571 is proposed to be 
amended as follows:

PART 571--FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS

    1. The authority citation for part 571 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, 30117, and 30166; 
delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50.

    2. Section 571.108 is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  571.108  Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and 
associated equipment.

    S1 Scope. This standard specifies requirements for original and 
replacement lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.
    S2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce traffic 
accidents and deaths and injuries resulting from traffic accidents, by 
providing adequate illumination of the roadway, and by enhancing the 
conspicuity of motor vehicles on the public roads so that their 
presence is perceived and their signals understood, both in daylight 
and in darkness or other conditions of reduced visibility.
    S3 Application. This standard applies to:
    S3.1 Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, 
buses, trailers (except pole trailers and trailer converter dollies), 
and motorcycles;
    S3.2 Retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors manufactured to 
conform to S7.12 of this standard; and
    S3.3 Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment for 
replacement of like equipment on vehicles to which this standard 
applies.
    S4 Definitions. Definitions of additional terms used in this 
standard may be found at 49 CFR 571.3.
    Aiming plane means a plane defined by the surface of the three 
aiming pads on the lens.
    Aiming reference plane means a plane which is perpendicular to the 
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and tangent to the forwardmost aiming 
pad on the headlamp.
    Aiming screws are the horizontal and vertical adjusting screws with 
self-locking features used to aim and retain a headlamp unit in the 
proper position.
    Axis of reference means the characteristic axis of the lamp for use 
as the direction of reference (H = 0[deg], V = 0[deg]) for angles of 
field for photometric measurements and for installing the lamp on the 
vehicle.
    Backup lamp means a lamp or lamps which illuminate the road to the 
rear of a vehicle and provide a warning signal to pedestrians and other 
drivers when the vehicle is backing up or is about to back up.
    Beam contributor means an indivisible optical assembly including a 
lens, reflector, and light source, that is part of an integral beam 
headlighting system and contributes only a portion of a headlamp beam.
    Cargo lamp is a lamp that is mounted on a multipurpose passenger 
vehicle, truck, or bus for the purpose of providing illumination to 
load or unload cargo.

[[Page 77463]]

    Clearance lamps are lamps which show to the front or rear of the 
vehicle, mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle as near as 
practicable to the upper left and right extreme edges to indicate the 
overall width and height of the vehicle.
    Coated materials means a material which has a coating applied to 
the surface of the finished sample to impart some protective 
properties. Coating identification means a mark of the manufacturer's 
name, formulation designation number, and recommendations for 
application.
    Color. Fundamental definitions of color are expressed by 
Chromaticity Coordinates according to the International Commission on 
Illumination (C.I.E.) 1931 Standard Colorimetric System.
    Color bleeding means the migration of color out of a plastic part 
onto the surrounding surface.
    Combination clearance and side marker lamps are single lamps which 
simultaneously fulfill the requirements of clearance and side marker 
lamps.
    Cracking means a separation of adjacent sections of a plastic 
material with penetration into the specimen.
    Crazing means a network of apparent fine cracks on or beneath the 
surface of materials.
    Cutoff means a generally horizontal, visual/optical aiming cue in 
the lower beam that marks a separation between areas of higher and 
lower luminance.
    Daytime running lamps (DRL's) are steady burning lamps that are 
used to improve the conspicuity of a vehicle from the front and front 
sides when the regular headlamps are not required for driving.
    Delamination means a separation of the layers of a material 
including coatings.
    Design voltage means the voltage used for design purposes.
    Direct reading indicator means a device that is mounted in its 
entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting 
equipment, is part of a VHAD, and provides information about headlamp 
aim in an analog or digital format.
    Effective light-emitting surface means that portion of a lamp that 
directs light to the photometric test pattern, and does not include 
transparent lenses, mounting hole bosses, reflex reflector area, beads 
or rims that may glow or produce small areas of increased intensity as 
a result of uncontrolled light from an area of \1/2\[deg] radius around 
a test point.
    Effective projected luminous lens area means the area of the 
orthogonal projection of the effective light-emitting surface of a lamp 
on a plane perpendicular to a defined direction relative to the axis of 
reference. Unless otherwise specified, the direction is coincident with 
the axis of reference. The term functional lighted lens area in any SAE 
Standard or Recommended Practice incorporated by reference or by 
subreference in this standard, has the same meaning as effective 
projected luminous lens area.
    Exposed means material used in lenses or optical devices exposed to 
direct sunlight as installed on the vehicle.
    Filament means that part of the light source or light emitting 
element(s), such as a resistive element, the excited portion of a 
specific mixture of gases under pressure, or any part of other energy 
conversion sources, that generates radiant energy which can be seen.
    Flash means a cycle of activation and deactivation of a lamp by 
automatic means continuing until stopped either automatically or 
manually.
    Fully opened means the position of the headlamp concealment device 
in which the headlamp is in the design open operating position.
    H-V axis means the line from the center of the principal filament 
of a lamp to the intersection of the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) 
lines of a photometric test screen.
    Haze means the cloudy or turbid appearance of an otherwise 
transparent specimen caused by light scattered from within the specimen 
or from its surface.
    Headlamp means a lighting device providing an upper and/or a lower 
beam used for providing illumination forward of the vehicle.
    Headlamp concealment device means a device, with its operating 
system and components, that provides concealment of the headlamp when 
it is not in use, including a movable headlamp cover and a headlamp 
that displaces for concealment purposes.
    Headlamp mechanical axis means the line formed by the intersection 
of a horizontal and a vertical plane through the light source parallel 
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. If the mechanical axis of the 
headlamp is not at the geometric center of the lens, then the location 
will be indicated by the manufacturer on the headlamp.
    Headlamp test fixture means a device designed to support a headlamp 
or headlamp assembly in the test position specified in the laboratory 
tests and whose mounting hardware and components are those necessary to 
operate the headlamp as installed in a motor vehicle.
    High-mounted stop lamp means a lamp mounted high and possibly 
forward of the tail, stop, and rear turn signal lamps intended to give 
a steady stop warning through intervening vehicles to operators of 
following vehicles.
    Identification lamps are lamps used in groups of three, in a 
horizontal row, which show to the front or rear or both, having lamp 
centers spaced not less than [6 in.] 15.2 mm. nor more than [12 in.] 
30.4 mm. apart, mounted on the permanent structure as near as 
practicable to the vertical centerline and the top of the vehicle to 
identify certain types of vehicles.
    Integral beam headlamp means a headlamp (other than a standardized 
sealed beam headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S9 or a 
replaceable bulb headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S11) 
comprising an integral and indivisible optical assembly including lens, 
reflector, and light source, except that a headlamp conforming to 
paragraph S14.9 or paragraph S14.10 may have a lens designed to be 
replaceable.
    License plate lamp means a lamp used to illuminate the license 
plate on the rear of a vehicle.
    Lower beam means a beam intended to illuminate the road and its 
environs ahead of the vehicle when meeting or closely following another 
vehicle.
    Mechanically aimable headlamp means a headlamp having three pads on 
the lens, forming an aiming plane used for laboratory photometric 
testing and for adjusting and inspecting the aim of the headlamp when 
installed on the vehicle.
    Material means the type and grade of plastics, composition, and 
manufacturer's designation number and color.
    Motor driven cycle means every motorcycle, including every motor 
scooter, with a motor which produces not more than 5 horsepower, and 
every bicycle with motor attached.
    Motorcycle or motor driven cycle headlamp means a major lighting 
device used to produce general illumination ahead of the vehicle.
    Mounting ring means the adjustable ring upon which a sealed beam 
unit is mounted.
    Mounting ring (type F sealed beam) means the adjustable ring upon 
which a sealed beam unit is mounted and which forces the sealed beam 
unit to seat against the aiming ring when assembled into a sealed beam 
assembly.
    Multiple compartment lamp means a device which gives its indication 
by two or more separately lighted areas which

[[Page 77464]]

are joined by one or more common parts, such as a housing or lens.
    Multiple lamp arrangement means an array of two or more separate 
lamps on each side of the vehicle which operate together to give a 
signal.
    Optically combined means a lamp having a single or two-filament 
light source or two or more separate light sources that operate in 
different ways, and has its optically functional lens area wholly or 
partially common to two or more lamp functions.
    Overall width means the nominal design dimension of the widest part 
of the vehicle, exclusive of signal lamps, marker lamps, outside 
rearview mirrors, flexible fender extensions, mud flaps, and outside 
door handles determined with doors and windows closed, and the wheels 
in the straight-ahead position. Running boards may also be excluded 
from the determination of overall width if they do not extend beyond 
the width as determined by the other items excluded by this definition.
    Parking lamps are lamps on both the left and right of the vehicle 
which show to the front and are intended to mark the vehicle when 
parked or serve as a reserve front position indicating system in the 
event of headlamp failure.
    Protected means material used in inner lenses for optical devices 
where such lenses are protected from exposure to the sun by an outer 
lens made of materials meeting the requirements for exposed plastics.
    Rated voltage means the nominal circuit or vehicle electrical 
system voltage classification.
    Reflex reflectors are devices used on vehicles to give an 
indication to approaching drivers using reflected light from the lamps 
of the approaching vehicle.
    Remote reading indicator means a device that is not mounted in its 
entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting 
equipment, but otherwise meets the definition of a direct reading 
indicator.
    Replaceable bulb headlamp means a headlamp comprising a bonded lens 
and reflector assembly and one or two headlamp replaceable light 
sources, except that a headlamp conforming to paragraph S14.9 or 
paragraph S14.10 may have a lens designed to be replaceable.
    Replaceable light source means an assembly of a capsule, base, and 
terminals manufactured as a light source for an upper and/or lower beam 
of a replaceable bulb headlamp that is designed to conform to the 
requirements of appendix A or appendix B of 49 CFR part 564, 
Replaceable Light Source Information.
    Retaining ring means the clamping ring that holds a sealed beam 
unit against a mounting ring.
    Retaining ring (type F sealed beam) means the clamping ring that 
holds a sealed beam unit against a mounting ring, and that provides an 
interface between the unit's aiming/seating pads and the headlamp aimer 
adapter (locating plate).
    School bus signal lamps are alternately flashing lamps mounted 
horizontally both front and rear, intended to identify a vehicle as a 
school bus and to inform other users of the highway that such vehicle 
is stopped on the highway to take on or discharge school children.
    Sealed beam headlamp means an integral and indivisible optical 
assembly including the light source with ``SEALED BEAM'' molded in the 
lens.
    Sealed beam headlamp assembly means a major lighting assembly which 
includes one or more sealed beam units used to provide general 
illumination ahead of the vehicle.
    Seasoning means the process of energizing the filament of a 
headlamp at design voltage for a period of time equal to 1% of design 
life, or other equivalent method.
    Semiautomatic headlamp beam switching device is one which provides 
either automatic or manual control of beam switching at the option of 
the driver. When the control is automatic the headlamps switch from the 
upper beam to the lower beam when illuminated by the headlamps on an 
approaching vehicle and switch back to the upper beam when the road 
ahead is dark. When the control is manual, the driver may obtain either 
beam manually regardless of the conditions ahead of the vehicle.
    Side marker lamps are lamps which show to the side of the vehicle, 
mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle as near as 
practicable to the front and rear edges to indicate the overall length 
of the vehicle. Additional lamps may also be mounted at intermediate 
locations on the sides of the vehicle.
    Stop lamps are lamps giving a steady light to the rear of a vehicle 
to indicate a vehicle is stopping or diminishing speed by braking.
    Taillamps are steady burning low intensity lamps used to designate 
the rear of a vehicle.
    Test voltage means the specified voltage and tolerance to be used 
when conducting a test.
    Turn signal flasher means a device which causes a turn signal lamp 
to flash as long as it is turned on.
    Turn signal lamps are the signaling element of a turn signal system 
which indicates the intention to turn or change direction by giving a 
flashing light on the side toward which the turn will be made.
    Turn signal operating unit means an operating unit that is part of 
a turn signal system by which the operator of a vehicle causes the 
signal units to function.
    Upper beam means a beam intended primarily for distance 
illumination and for use when not meeting or closely following other 
vehicles.
    Vehicle headlamp aiming device or VHAD means motor vehicle 
equipment, installed either on a vehicle or headlamp, which is used for 
determining the horizontal or vertical aim, or both the vertical and 
horizontal aim of the headlamp.
    Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher means a device which, as 
long as it is turned on, causes all the required hazard warning lamps 
to flash.
    Vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit means a driver 
controlled device which causes all turn signal lamps, or other hazard 
warning lamps, to flash simultaneously to indicate to approaching 
drivers the presence of a vehicular hazard.
    Visually/optically aimable headlamp means a headlamp which is 
designed to be visually/optically aimable in accordance with the 
requirements of paragraph S14.10 of this standard.
    S5 References to SAE publications.
    S5.1 Each lamp, reflective device, and item of associated equipment 
must be designed to conform to the requirements of applicable SAE 
publications as referenced and subreferenced in this standard. The 
words ``it is recommended that,'' ``recommendations,'' or ``should be'' 
appearing in any SAE publication referenced or subreferenced in this 
standard must be read as setting forth mandatory requirements.
    S5.2 A complete list of all SAE publications incorporated by 
reference in this standard are indexed at 49 CFR 571.5(j).
    S6 Vehicle requirements.
    S6.1 Required lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment 
by vehicle type.
    S6.1.1 Quantity. Except as provided in succeeding paragraphs of 
this standard, each vehicle must be equipped with not less than the 
number of lamps, reflective devices, and items of associated equipment 
specified for that vehicle type and size in Table I and Section 6.6, 
conforming to the requirements of this standard. Multiple license plate 
lamps and backup lamps

[[Page 77465]]

may be used to fulfill photometric requirements for those functions.
    S6.1.1.1 Conspicuity systems. Each trailer of 2032 mm. or more in 
overall width, and with a GVWR over 10,000 lbs., except a trailer 
designed exclusively for living or office use, and each truck tractor 
must be equipped with retroreflective sheeting, reflex reflectors, or a 
combination of retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors as 
specified in S7.12 and Table III.
    S6.1.1.1.1 A trailer equipped with a conspicuity treatment in 
conformance with S7.12 need not be equipped with the reflex reflectors 
required by Table I if the conspicuity material is placed at the 
locations of the reflex reflectors required by Table I.
    S6.1.1.2 High-mounted stop lamps. Each multipurpose passenger 
vehicle, truck, and bus required by this standard to be equipped with a 
high-mounted stop lamp, whose vertical centerline, when the vehicle is 
viewed from the rear, is not located on a fixed body panel but 
separates one or two moveable body sections, such as doors, which lacks 
sufficient space to install a single high-mounted stop lamp on the 
centerline above such body sections, must have two high-mounted stop 
lamps identical in size and shape. The two lamps must be located at the 
same height, with one vertical edge of each lamp on the vertical edge 
of the body section nearest the vehicle centerline.
    S6.1.1.3 Truck tractor rear turn signal lamps. A truck tractor need 
not be equipped with turn signal lamps mounted on the rear if the turn 
signal lamps installed at or near the front are of double face 
construction and are so located so that they meet the requirements for 
double faced turn signal lamps specified in SAE J588e, Turn Signal 
Lamps, September 1970.
    S6.1.1.4 Hazard warning lamps. In all passenger cars, multipurpose 
passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses, the activation of the vehicular 
hazard warning signal operating unit must cause to flash simultaneously 
sufficient turn signal lamps to meet, as a minimum, the turn signal 
photometric requirements of this standard.
    S6.1.2 Color. The color in all lamps and reflective devices must be 
as specified in Table I. The color identified as amber is identical to 
the color identified as yellow.
    S6.1.3 Mounting location and height. Each lamp, reflective device, 
and item of associated equipment must be securely mounted on a fixed 
body panel of the vehicle, other than glazing, that is not designed to 
be removed except for repair, within the height limits as specified in 
Table I, and in a location where it complies with all applicable 
photometric requirements, effective projected luminous lens area 
requirements, and visibility requirements with all obstructions 
considered. When multiple lamp arrangements or multiple compartment 
rear turn signal lamps, stop lamps, or taillamps are used, with only a 
portion of the compartments or lamps installed on a rigid part of the 
vehicle, that portion must meet at least the photometric requirements 
for the appropriate single compartment lamp.
    S6.1.3.1 Mounting height. The mounting height of each lamp and 
reflective device must be measured from the center of the item, as 
mounted on the vehicle at curb weight, to the road surface.
    S6.1.3.2 High-mounted stop lamp.
    S6.1.3.2.1 A high-mounted stop lamp mounted below the rear window 
must have no lens portion lower than 153 mm. [6 in.] below the lower 
edge of the rear window on convertibles, or 77 mm. [3 in.] on other 
passenger cars.
    S6.1.3.2.2 A high-mounted stop lamp mounted inside the vehicle must 
have means provided to minimize reflections from the light of the lamp 
upon the rear window glazing that might be visible to the driver when 
viewed directly, or indirectly in the rearview mirror.
    S6.1.4 License plate lamp. The license plate lamp or lamps 
installed on vehicles other than motorcycles and motor driven cycles 
must be mounted so as to illuminate the license plate without 
obstruction from any designed feature unless the lamp or lamps is (are) 
designed to comply with all the photometric requirements with these 
obstructions considered.
    S6.1.5 Activation. Each lamp must be activated as specified, in the 
combinations specified, and in response to the inputs specified in 
Table I and Table II.
    S6.1.5.1 Stop lamp activation. Each stop lamp may also be activated 
when the vehicle is slowed by a device designed to retard the motion of 
the vehicle.
    S6.2 Impairment.
    S6.2.1 No additional lamp, reflective device, or other motor 
vehicle equipment is permitted to be installed that impairs the 
effectiveness of lighting equipment required by this standard.
    S6.2.2 If any required lamp or reflective device is obstructed by 
motor vehicle equipment (e.g., mirrors, snow plows, wrecker booms, 
backhoes, winches, etc.) including dealer installed equipment, and 
cannot meet the applicable photometry and visibility requirements, the 
vehicle must be equipped with an additional lamp or device of the same 
type which meet all applicable requirements of this standard, including 
photometry and visibility.
    S6.2.3 Each auxiliary lamp that performs the function of a required 
lamp must meet the color, maximum photometric intensity, and activation 
requirements of the required lamp.
    S6.2.4 Daytime running lamps. A passenger car, multipurpose 
passenger vehicle, truck, or bus may be equipped with a pair of daytime 
running lamps (DRL) as specified in Table I and S7.11 of this standard. 
DRLs may be combined with any lamps required by this standard except 
parking lamps and any lamps not required by this standard except fog 
lamps.
    S6.2.5 Auxiliary identification lamps. Each auxiliary 
identification lamp must be located at least twice the distance from 
any required identification lamp as the distance between two adjacent 
required identification lamps.
    S6.3 Equipment combinations. Two or more lamps, reflective devices, 
or items of associated equipment may be combined if the requirements 
for each lamp, reflective device, and item of associated equipment are 
met with the following exceptions.
    S6.3.1 No high-mounted stop lamp is permitted to be combined with 
any other lamp or reflective device, other than with a cargo lamp.
    S6.3.2 No high-mounted stop lamp is permitted to be combined 
optically with any cargo lamp.
    S6.3.3 No clearance lamp is permitted to be optically combined with 
any taillamp.
    S6.4 Visibility and aiming.
    S6.4.1 Effective projected luminous lens area requirements. Each 
turn signal lamp, stop lamp, high-mounted stop lamp, and school bus 
signal lamp must meet the appropriate effective projected luminous lens 
area requirement specified in Table IV.
    S6.4.2 Visibility. Each backup lamp, single or combination of dual 
high-mounted stop lamp(s), and school bus signal lamp must meet the 
appropriate visibility requirement specified in Table V.
    S6.4.3 Visibility options. A manufacturer must certify compliance 
of each lamp to one of the following visibility requirement options, 
and it may not thereafter choose a different option for that vehicle.
    (a) Lens area option. When a vehicle is equipped with any lamp 
listed in Table V, each such lamp must provide not less than 1250 sq. 
mm. of unobstructed effective projected luminous lens area in any 
direction

[[Page 77466]]

throughout the pattern defined by the corner points specified in Table 
V for each such lamp; or
    (b) Luminous intensity option. When a vehicle is equipped with any 
lamp listed in Table V, each such lamp must provide a luminous 
intensity of not less than that specified in Table V in any direction 
throughout the pattern defined by the corner points specified in Table 
V for each such lamp when measured in accordance with the photometry 
test requirements of this standard.
    S6.4.4 SAE visibility alternative. As an alternative to S6.4.3 , 
each passenger car and motorcycle, and each multipurpose passenger 
vehicle, truck, trailer, and bus that is of less than 2032 mm. overall 
width, that are manufactured on or before September 1, 2011, and each 
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, trailer, and bus that is of 2032 
mm. or more overall width, that are manufactured on or before September 
1, 2014, must have each lamp located so that it meets the visibility 
requirements specified in Table V.
    S6.4.5 Low-mounted lamps. For signal lamps and reflective devices 
mounted less than 750 mm. above the road surface, as measured to the 
lamp axis of reference, the vertical test point angles located below 
the horizontal plane subject to photometric and visibility requirements 
of this standard may be reduced to 5[deg] down.
    S6.4.6 School bus signal lamp aiming. Each school bus signal lamp 
must be mounted on the vehicle with their aiming plane vertical and 
normal to the vehicle longitudinal axis. Aim tolerance must be no more 
than 5 in. vertically and 10 in. horizontally at 25 ft. from the lamp. 
If the lamps are aimed or inspected by use of the SAE J602, Headlamp 
Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp Units 
(August 1963), aimer the graduation settings for aim must be 2[deg] D 
and 0[deg] sideways for aiming and the limits must be 3[deg] U to 
7[deg] D and from 10[deg] R to 10[deg] L for inspection.
    S6.5 Marking.
    S6.5.1 DOT marking. The lens of each original equipment and 
replacement headlamp, and of each original equipment and replacement 
beam contributor, and each replacement headlamp lens for an integral 
beam or replaceable bulb headlamp, must be marked with the symbol 
``DOT'' either horizontally or vertically to indicate certification 
under the standard.
    S6.5.1.1 DOT marking requirements for conspicuity materials are 
specified in S7.12 of this standard.
    S6.5.1.2 Each original equipment or replacement lamp or reflective 
device specified in Table I, except for a headlamp, or item of 
associated equipment specified in Section 6.6 may be marked with the 
symbol ``DOT'' which constitutes a certification that it conforms to 
the requirements of this standard.
    S6.5.2 DRL marking. Each original equipment and replacement lamp 
used as a daytime running lamp (DRL), unless optically combined with a 
headlamp, must be permanently marked ``DRL'' in letters not less than 3 
mm. high.
    S6.6 Associated equipment. All vehicles covered by this standard 
(except trailers) must be equipped with a turn signal operating unit, a 
turn signal flasher, a turn signal pilot indicator, a headlamp beam 
switching device, and an upper beam headlamp indicator meeting the 
requirements of this section and as specified in Table III. All 
vehicles covered by this standard (except trailers and motorcycles) 
must be equipped with a vehicular hazard warning operating unit, a 
vehicular hazard warning signal flasher, and a vehicular hazard warning 
signal pilot indicator meeting the requirements of this section and as 
specified in Table III.
    S6.6.1 License plate holder. Each license plate holder must be 
designed and constructed to provide a substantial plane surface on 
which to mount the plate. The plane of the license plate mounting 
surface and the plane on which the vehicle stands must be perpendicular 
within  15[deg].
    S6.7 Replacement equipment.
    S6.7.1 General requirements.
    S6.7.1.1 Each replacement lamp, reflective device, or item of 
associated equipment, including a combination lamp, must:
    (a) Be designed to conform to meet all requirements specified in 
this standard for that type of lamp, reflective device, or other item 
of equipment (in the case of a combination lamp, it must meet these 
requirements for each function); and
    (b) Include all of the functions of the lamp, reflective device, or 
item of associated equipment, including a combination lamp, it is 
designed to replace or is capable of replacing (other than functions 
not required by this standard).
    S6.7.1.2 Each replacement lamp, reflective device, or item of 
associated equipment, including a combination lamp, which is designed 
or recommended for particular vehicle models must be designed so that 
it does not to take the vehicle out of compliance with this standard 
when the individual device is installed on the vehicle. Except as 
provided in S6.7.1.3, the determination of whether a vehicle would be 
taken out of compliance with this standard when an individual device is 
installed on the vehicle is made without regard to whether additional 
devices, including separate lamps or reflective devices sold together 
with the device, would also be installed.
    S6.7.1.3 In the case of a lamp or other device that is used on each 
side of the vehicle in pairs, the determination (for purposes of 
S6.7.1.2) of whether a vehicle would be taken out of compliance with 
this standard when an individual device is installed on the vehicle is 
made assuming that the other matched paired device would be installed 
on the other side of the vehicle, whether or not the matched paired 
devices are sold together. This provision does not limit the 
responsibilities of manufacturers, distributors, dealers or motor 
vehicle repair businesses under 49 U.S.C. 30122, Making safety devices 
and elements inoperative.
    S6.7.2 Version of this standard. The requirements of S6.7.1 must be 
met, at the option of the manufacturer, using either the current 
version of this standard or the standard in effect at the time of 
manufacture of the original equipment being replaced.
    S6.8 Physical tests.
    S.6.8.1 Each lamp, reflective device, and item of conspicuity 
treatment required or allowed by this standard must meet all applicable 
physical test requirements specified in Table XXII. Each headlamp must 
meet all applicable physical test requirements specified in Table 
XXIII. Each item of associated equipment required by this standard must 
meet all applicable physical test requirements specified in Table III.
    S6.8.2 Samples for test. Samples submitted for laboratory test must 
be new, unused, manufactured from production tooling and assembled by 
production processes, and representative of the devices as regularly 
manufactured and marketed. Each must include not only the device but 
also accessory equipment necessary to operate in its intended manner. 
Where necessary, a mounting bracket should be provided so that the 
device may be rigidly bolted in its operating position on the various 
test equipment. A mounting bracket with a sample headlamp installed 
must not have a resonant frequency in the 10-55 Hz. range. Dust and 
photometric tests may be made on a second set of mounted samples to 
expedite completion of the tests. Color test samples for materials used 
for reflex reflectors may be either the actual reflector or a disc of 
the same material, technique of fabrication, and dye formulation as the 
reflex reflector

[[Page 77467]]

having a thickness of twice the distance from the face of the reflector 
lens to the apexes of the reflecting elements.
    S6.8.3 Laboratory facilities. The laboratory must be equipped to 
test the sample in accordance with the requirements of the specific 
device.
    S6.8.4 Plastic optical materials. All plastic materials used for 
optical parts such as lenses and reflectors on lamps or reflective 
devices required or allowed by this standard must conform to the 
material test requirements of Table XXII.
    S6.8.4.1 All coatings used on optical materials must have added to 
their formulations an optical brightener, whose presence is detectable 
by ultraviolet light, to aid in testing for their presence. Other 
equivalent industry accepted methods may be used as an alternative.
    S6.8.5 Photometric tests. Each lamp and reflective device required 
or allowed by this standard must be designed to conform to the stated 
photometric requirements.
    S6.8.5.1 Photometry measurements for all lamps except license 
lamps, headlamps, and DRLs. Photometry measurements are made with the 
sample lamp mounted in its normal operating position. A school bus 
signal lamp must be aimed with its aiming plane normal to the 
photometer axis and may be reaimed for photometry by \1/2\ 
[deg] vertically and 1 [deg] horizontally. Photometric 
measurements are made at a distance between the light source and the 
point of measurement of at least 1.2 m. for sidemarker lamps, clearance 
lamps, identification lamps, and parking lamps, and at least 3 m. for 
all other lamps except license plate lamps and headlamps. When making 
photometric measurements at specific test points, the luminous 
intensity values between test points must not be less than the lower of 
the specified value of the two closest adjacent test points, on a 
horizontal or vertical line, for minimum values.
    S6.8.5.1.1 Location of test points. Test point location must comply 
with the following nomenclature: The line formed by the intersection of 
a vertical plane through the light source of the lamp and normal to the 
test screen is designated ``V''. The line formed by the intersection of 
a horizontal plane through the light source and normal to the test 
screen is designated ``H''. The point of intersection of these two 
lines is designated ``H-V''. Other test points on the test screen are 
measured in terms of angles from the H and V lines. Angles to the right 
(R) and to the left (L) are regarded as being to the right and left of 
the V line when the observer stands behind the lamp and looks in the 
direction of its light beam when it is properly aimed for photometry. 
Similarly, the upward angles designated as U and the downward angles 
designated as D, refer to light directed at angles above and below the 
H line, respectively.
    S6.8.5.1.2 Multiple compartment and multiple lamp photometry. When 
compartments of lamps or arrangements of multiple lamps are 
photometered together, the H-V axis intersects the midpoint between the 
optical axes. Luminous intensity measurements of multiple compartment 
lamp or multiple lamp arrangements are made either by;
    S6.8.5.1.2.1 Measuring all compartments together, provided that a 
line from the optical axis of each compartment or lamp to the center of 
the photometer sensing device does not make an angle more than 0.6 
[deg] with the H-V axis, or
    S6.8.5.1.2.2 Measuring each compartment or lamp separately by 
aligning its optical axis with the photometer and adding the value at 
each test point.
    S6.8.5.1.2.3 Multiple compartment or multiple lamp arrangements 
installed on multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, or 
buses 2032 mm or more in overall width must use the method of 
S6.8.5.1.2.2 only.
    S6.8.5.2 Bulbs. Except for a lamp having a sealed-in bulb, a lamp 
must meet the applicable requirements of this standard when tested with 
a bulb whose filament is positioned within .010 in. of the 
nominal design position specified in SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed 
Units, December 1968, or specified by the bulb manufacturer and 
operated at the bulb's rated mean spherical candela.
    S6.8.5.2.1 Each lamp designed to use a type of bulb that has not 
been assigned a mean spherical candela rating by its manufacturer and 
is not listed in SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed Units, December 1968, 
must meet the applicable requirements of this standard when used with 
any bulb of the type specified by the lamp manufacturer, operated at 
the bulb's design voltage. A lamp that contains a sealed-in bulb must 
meet these requirements with the bulb operated at the bulb's design 
voltage.
    S6.8.5.3 License plate lamp photometry. Photometry compliance of 
license plate lamps is determined by measurement of the illumination 
falling upon test stations located on a test plate.
    S6.8.5.3.1 Illumination surface. All illumination measurements are 
made on a rectangular test plate of clean, white blotting paper mounted 
on the license plate holder in the position normally taken by the 
license plate. The face of the test plate must be 1.5mm from the face 
of the license plate holder.
    S6.8.5.3.2 Test stations. For lamps used on vehicles other than 
motorcycles and motor driven cycles, the test stations must be located 
on the face of the test plate as shown in Table XIII for those types of 
lamps. For lamps used on motorcycles and motor driven cycles, the test 
stations must be located on the face of the test plate as shown in 
Table XIII for those types of lamps.
    S6.8.5.4 Reflex reflector photometry. Each reflex reflector is 
mounted for photometry with the center of the reflex area at the center 
of goniometer rotation and at the same horizontal level as the source 
of illumination. The source of illumination is a lamp with a 50mm. 
effective diameter and with a filament operating at 2856 [deg]K. The 
test distance is 30.5 m. [100ft.]. The observation point is located 
directly above the source of illumination. The H-V axis of reflex 
reflectors is taken as parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 
for rear reflectors and perpendicular to a vertical plane passing 
through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle for side reflectors. The 
photodetector has an opening of not more than 13 mm. vertically and 25 
mm. horizontally. Reflex reflectors may have any linear or area 
dimensions but must have no more than 7740 mm. projected area contained 
within a 254 mm. diameter circle exposed for photometry.
    S6.8.5.4.1 Reflex reflector and retroreflective sheeting photometry 
measurements. Photometric measurements of reflex reflectors and 
retroreflective sheeting must be made at various observation and 
entrance angles as shown in Table XVI. The observation angle is the 
angle formed by a line from the observation point to the center of the 
reflector and a second line from the center of the reflector to the 
source of illumination. The entrance angle is the angle between the 
axis of the reflex reflector and a line from the center of the 
reflector to the source of illumination. The entrance angle is 
designated left, right, up, and down in accordance with the position of 
the source of illumination with respect to the axis of the reflex 
reflector as viewed from behind the reflector. Measurements are made of 
the luminous intensity which the reflex reflector is projecting toward 
the observation point and the illumination on the reflex reflector from 
the source of illumination. The required measurement at each test point 
as shown in Table XVI is the quotient of the projected luminous 
intensity divided by the illumination expressed as millicandela per lux 
or candela per footcandle. The required measurement

[[Page 77468]]

for retroreflective sheeting is candela per lux per square meter of 
area.
    S6.8.5.4.1.1 Reflex reflector photometry measurement adjustments. 
Reflex reflectors, which do not have a fixed rotational position on the 
vehicle, are rotated about their axis through 360 [deg] to find the 
minimum photometric value which must be reported for each test point. 
If the output falls below the minimum requirement at any test point, 
the reflector is rotated 5 [deg] about its axis from the 
angle where the minimum output occurred, and the maximum value within 
this angle is reported as a tolerance value. Reflex reflectors, which 
by their design or construction, permit mounting on a vehicle in a 
fixed rotational position, are tested in this position. A visual 
locator, such as the word TOP is not considered adequate to establish a 
fixed rotational position on the vehicle. If uncolored reflections from 
the front surface interfere with photometric readings at any test 
point, additional readings are taken 1 [deg] above, below, right, and 
left of the test point, and the lowest of these readings and its 
location is reported provided the minimum test point requirement for 
the test point is met.
    S6.8.5.5 Daytime running lamp (DRL) photometry measurements. Each 
DRL is tested to the procedure of S6.8.5.6 when a test voltage of 12.8 
v.  20 mv. is applied to the input terminals of the lamp 
switch module or voltage-reducing equipment, whichever is closer to the 
electrical source on the vehicle. The test distance from the lamp to 
the photometer is not less than 18.3 m. if the lamp is optically 
combined with a headlamp, or is a separate lamp, and not less than 3 m. 
if the lamp is optically combined with a lamp, other than a headlamp, 
that is required by this standard.
    S6.8.5.6 Headlamp photometry measurements. Photometry measurements 
at the appropriate test points are made with the sample headlamp 
mounted in its normal operating position. Photometric measurements are 
made at a distance between the light source and the photometer sensor 
of at least 18.3 m.
    S6.8.5.6.1 Seasoning and test voltage. All sealed beam headlamps, 
integral beam headlamps, beam contributors, and replaceable light 
sources are seasoned at design voltage for 1% of its average design 
life or 10 hours, whichever is less, prior to a photometry test. A 
headlamp is tested at 12.8 v.  20 mv. D.C. as measured at 
the terminals of the lamp.
    S6.8.5.6.2 Aiming. Each headlamp is aimed prior to a photometry 
test in accordance with the procedure appropriate to its aiming system. 
A \1/4\ [deg] reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point to 
allow for variations in readings between laboratories for all headlamps 
except a Type F upper beam unit not equipped with a VHAD.
    (a) Mechanically aimable headlamps using an external aimer. The 
headlamp is aimed mechanically with the aiming plane at the design 
angle(s) to the photometer axis and the mechanical axis of the headlamp 
on the photometer axis.
    (b) Mechanically aimable headlamps equipped with a VHAD. The 
headlamp is aimed mechanically using the VHAD in accordance with the 
manufacturer's instructions as provided with the vehicle on which the 
headlamp is intended to be used.
    (c) Visually aimable lower beam headlamps--vertical aim. A VOL 
cutoff headlamp must have the location of the cutoff maximum gradient, 
as determined by the method of this Standard, positioned at 0.4 [deg] 
down from the H-H line. A VOR cutoff headlamp must have the location of 
the cutoff maximum gradient, as determined by the method of this 
Standard, positioned at the H-H axis.
    (d) Visually aimable lower beam headlamps--horizontal aim. There 
must be no adjustment of horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped 
with a horizontal VHAD. If the headlamp has a VHAD, it must be set to 
zero.
    (e) Visually aimable upper beam headlamps--vertical aim. A headlamp 
whose upper beam is combined with a lower beam must not have its 
vertical aim changed from that set for the lower beam. A headlamp whose 
upper beam is not combined with a lower beam must have its maximum beam 
intensity positioned on the H-H axis.
    (f) Visually aimable upper beam headlamps--horizontal aim. A 
headlamp whose upper beam is combined with a lower beam must not have 
its horizontal aim changed from that set for the lower beam. A headlamp 
whose upper beam is not combined with a lower beam and has a fixed 
horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD must be mounted in its normal 
operating position on a goniometer such that the mounting fixture 
alignment axes are coincident with the goniometer axes and must be 
energized at 12.8 v.  20 mv. There must be no adjustment, 
shimming, or modification of the horizontal axis of the headlamp or 
test fixture, unless the headlamp is equipped with a VHAD, in which 
case the VHAD must be adjusted to zero. A headlamp whose upper beam is 
not combined with a lower beam and is not equipped with a horizontal 
VHAD, the horizontal aim must be adjusted so that the maximum beam 
intensity is positioned on the V-V axis.
    (g) Simultaneous aim Type F sealed beam headlamps and beam 
contributor integral beam headlamps. A headlamp system allowed to use 
simultaneous aim of lower beams and upper beams must be aimed 
mechanically for lower beam photometry by centering the lower beam unit 
or the geometric center of all lower beam contributors on the 
photometer axis and aligning the aiming plane, aiming reference plane, 
or other appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer 
perpendicular to the photometer axis. It must be aimed for upper beam 
photometry by moving the assembly in a plane parallel to the 
established lower beam aiming plane until the upper beam unit or the 
geometric center of all upper beam contributors is centered in the 
photometric axis.
    (h) Moveable reflector aimed headlamps. A headlamp aimed by moving 
the reflector relative to the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa, 
must conform to the photometrics applicable to it with the lens at any 
specified position relative to the reflector. These positions include 
not less than 2.5 [deg] from the nominal horizontal aim 
position for the vehicle on which the headlamp is installed, and not 
less than the full range of vertical pitch of the vehicle on which the 
headlamp is installed.
    (i) Motorcycle headlamp-upper beam headlamps designed to comply 
with Table XX. The upper beam of a multiple beam headlamp designed to 
comply with the requirements of Table XX must be aimed 
photoelectrically so that the center of the zone of highest intensity 
falls 0.4 [deg] vertically below the lamp axis and is centered 
laterally. The center of the zone of highest intensity must be 
established by the intersection of a horizontal plane passing through 
the point of maximum intensity, and the vertical plane established by 
balancing the photometric values at 3 [deg]L and 3 [deg]R.
    (j) Motorcycle headlamp-lower beam headlamps designed to comply 
with Table XX. The beam from a single beam headlamp designed to comply 
with the requirements of Table XX must be aimed straight ahead with the 
top of the beam aimed vertically to obtain 2000 cd at H-V.
    S6.8.5.6.3 Positioner. The goniometer configuration, used to 
position the sample headlamp when making photometric measurements at 
specific angular test points, is horizontal rotation over elevation. 
The vertical axis of the goniometer must correspond to the design 
position vertical axis of the

[[Page 77469]]

sample headlamp which is vertical and perpendicular to the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle.
    S6.8.5.6.4 Photometer. The photometer must be capable of measuring 
the luminous intensity of the sample headlamp throughout its 
illumination range. The maximum effective area of the photometric 
sensor must fit within a circle whose diameter is equal to 0.009 times 
the actual test distance from the light source of the sample headlamp 
to the sensor. The sensor effective area is defined as the actual area 
of intercepted light striking the detector surface of the photometer. 
Sensor systems incorporating lens(es) that change the diameter of the 
intercepted light beam before it reaches the actual detector surface, 
the maximum size requirements must apply to the total area of the light 
actually intercepted by the lens surface. The sensor must be capable of 
intercepting all direct illumination from the largest illuminated 
dimension of the sample lamp at the test distance. The color response 
of the photometer must be corrected to that of the 1931 International 
Commission on Illumination (C.I.E.) Standard Observer (2[deg]) Photopic 
Response Curve.
    S6.8.5.6.5 Location of test points. Test point positions are 
defined by the positioner. The following nomenclature applies: The 
letters ``V'' and ``H'' designate the vertical and horizontal planes 
intersecting both the headlamp light source and the photometer axis. 
``H)-V'' designates the zero test point angle at the intersection of 
the H and V planes. This intersection is parallel to the longitudinal 
axis of the vehicle. The letters ``U'', ``D'', ``L'', and ``R'', 
indicating up, down, left and right respectively, designate the angular 
position from the H and V planes to the photometer as viewed from the 
headlamp. Horizontal angles designated L and R are defined as the plan 
view angle between the vertical plane and the projection of the light 
ray from the headlamp onto the horizontal plane. Vertical angles 
designated U and D are defined as the true angle between the horizontal 
plane and the light ray from the headlamp. Test points in the area from 
10[deg] U to 90[deg] U must be measured from the normally exposed 
surface of the lens face.
    S6.8.5.6.6 Beam contributor photometry. In a headlighting system 
where there is more than one beam contributor providing a lower beam, 
and/or more than one beam contributor providing an upper beam, each 
beam contributor must be designed to meet only the applicable 
photometric performance requirements based upon the following 
mathematical expression: conforming test point value=2 (test point 
value)/total number of lower or upper beam contributors for the 
vehicle, as appropriate.
    S7 Signal lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment 
requirements.
    S7.1 Turn signal lamps.
    S7.1.1 Front turn signal lamps.
    S7.1.1.1 Photometry. Each front turn signal lamp, except for one 
installed on a motorcycle, must be designed to conform to the base 
photometry requirements of Table VI, when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.1., for the number of lamp compartments or 
individual lamps and the type of vehicle it is installed on. A front 
turn signal lamp installed on a motorcycle must be designed to conform 
to \1/2\ the base photometry requirements otherwise specified in Table 
VI.
    S7.1.1.2 Spacing to other lamps. Each front turn signal lamp must 
also be designed to comply to any additional photometry requirements 
based on its installed spacing to other lamps as specified by this 
section. Where more than one spacing relationship exists for a turn 
signal lamp the requirement must be the one that specifies the highest 
luminous intensity multiplier of Table VI.
    S7.1.1.2.1 Spacing measurement for non-reflector lamps. For any 
front turn signal lamp that does not employ a reflector to meet 
photometric requirements, the spacing must be measured from the light 
source of the turn signal lamp to the lighted edge of any low beam 
headlamp, or any lamp such as an auxiliary low beam headlamp or fog 
lamp used to supplement the low beam headlamp.
    S7.1.1.2.2 Spacing measurement for lamps with reflectors. For any 
front turn signal lamp which employs a reflector, such as a parabolic 
reflector, to meet photometric requirements, the spacing must be 
measured from the geometric centroid of the turn signal lamp functional 
lighted area to the lighted edge of any low beam headlamp, or any lamp 
such as an auxiliary low beam headlamp or fog lamp used to supplement 
the low beam headlamp.
    S7.1.1.2.3 Spacing based photometric multipliers. Where the spacing 
measurement of S7.1.1.2.1 or S7.1.1.2.2 between a turn signal lamp and 
the lighted edge of any lamp such as an auxiliary low beam headlamp or 
fog lamp used to supplement the low beam headlamp is at least 75 mm. 
but less than 100 mm. the photometric multiplier of Table VI must be 
1.5.; where the spacing measurement is at least 60 mm. but less than 75 
mm. the photometric multiplier must be 2.0.; where the spacing 
measurement is less than 60 mm. the photometric multiplier must be 2.5. 
Where the spacing measurement of S7.1.1.2.1 or S7.1.1.2.2 between a 
turn signal lamp and the lighted edge of any lower beam headlamp is 
less than 100 mm. the photometric multiplier must be 2.5.
    S7.1.1.3 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple 
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric 
requirements of a front turn signal lamp. If a multiple compartment 
lamp or multiple lamps are used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose 
passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in 
overall width, and the distance between adjacent light sources does not 
exceed 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not 
exceed 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the 
combination of the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the 
photometric requirements for the corresponding number of lighted 
sections specified in Table VI. If the distance between adjacent light 
sources exceeds the previously stated dimensions, each compartment or 
lamp must comply with the photometric requirements for one lighted 
section specified in Table VI.
    S7.1.1.3.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall 
width. Multiple compartment front turn signal lamps installed on 
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses 2032 mm. or more in 
overall width must meet the photometric requirements specified for a 
single section and not for individual compartments.
    S7.1.1.3.2 Ratio to parking lamps and clearance lamps. When a 
parking lamp, or a clearance lamp on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, 
truck, trailer, or bus of 2032 mm. or more in overall width, is 
combined with a turn signal lamp, the luminous intensity of the turn 
signal lamp at each identified test point must not be less than the 
luminous intensity of the parking lamp or clearance lamp at that same 
test point times the multiplier shown for that test point in Table VI. 
If a multiple compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is used on a 
passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or 
trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width, and the distance 
between the optical axes for both the parking lamp and turn signal lamp 
is within 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm. 
for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be 
computed with all compartments or lamps lighted. If a multiple 
compartment or multiple lamp

[[Page 77470]]

arrangement is used and the distance between optical axes for one of 
the functions exceeds 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements 
or 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the ratio 
must be computed for only those compartments or lamps where the parking 
lamp and turn signal lamp are optically combined. Where the clearance 
lamp is combined with the turn signal lamp, and the maximum luminous 
intensity of the clearance lamp is located below horizontal and within 
an area generated by a 1.0[deg] radius around a test point, the ratio 
for the test point may be computed using the lowest value of the 
clearance lamp luminous intensity within the generated area.
    S7.1.2 Rear turn signal lamps.
    S7.1.2.1 Photometry. Each rear turn signal lamp must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table VII, when tested 
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the number of lamp 
compartments or individual lamps, the type of vehicle it is installed 
on, and the lamp color as specified by this section. A rear turn signal 
lamp installed on a motorcycle must be designed to conform to \1/2\ the 
photometry requirements otherwise specified in Table VII.
    S7.1.2.2 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple 
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric 
requirements of a rear turn signal lamp. If a multiple compartment lamp 
or multiple lamps are used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose 
passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in 
overall width, and the distance between adjacent light sources does not 
exceed 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not 
exceed 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the 
combination of the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the 
photometric requirements for the corresponding number of lighted 
sections specified in Table VII. If the distance between adjacent light 
sources exceeds the previously stated dimensions, each compartment or 
lamp must comply with the photometric requirements for one lighted 
section specified in Table VII.
    S7.1.2.2.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall 
width. Multiple compartment rear turn signal lamps installed on 
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses 2032 mm. or more in 
overall width must meet the photometric requirements specified for a 
single section and not for individual compartments.
    S7.1.2.3 Ratio to taillamps and clearance lamps. When a taillamp, 
or a clearance lamp on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, 
trailer, or bus of 2032 mm. or more in overall width, is combined with 
a turn signal lamp, the luminous intensity of the turn signal lamp at 
each identified test point must not be less than the luminous intensity 
of the taillamp or clearance lamp at that same test point times the 
multiplier shown for that test point in Table VII. If a multiple 
compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is used on a passenger car or 
on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less 
than 2032 mm. in overall width, and the distance between the optical 
axes for both the taillamp and turn signal lamp is within 560 mm. for 
two compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm. for three compartments 
or lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be computed with all 
compartments or lamps lighted. If a multiple compartment or multiple 
lamp arrangement is used and the distance between optical axes for one 
of the functions exceeds 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp 
arrangements or 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, 
then the ratio must be computed for only those compartments or lamps 
where the taillamp and turn signal lamp are optically combined. Where 
the taillamp or clearance lamp is combined with the turn signal lamp, 
and the maximum luminous intensity of the taillamp or clearance lamp is 
located below horizontal and within an area generated by a 0.5[deg] 
radius around a test point for a taillamp on a passenger car or on a 
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than 
2032 mm. in overall width, or by a 1.0[deg] radius around a test point 
for a taillamp or clearance lamp on a vehicle 2032 mm. or more in 
overall width, the ratio for the test point may be computed using the 
lowest value of the taillamp or clearance lamp luminous intensity 
within the generated area.
    S7.1.3 Physical tests. Each turn signal lamp must be designed to 
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration 
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.1.4 Combined lamp bulb indexing. Each turn signal lamp optically 
combined with a taillamp, or a parking lamp or clearance lamp where 
installed on a vehicle 2032 mm. or more in overall width, where a two-
filament bulb is used must have a bulb with an indexing base and a 
socket designed so that bulbs with non-indexing bases cannot be used. 
Removable sockets must have an indexing feature so that they cannot be 
re-inserted into lamp housings in random positions, unless the lamp 
will perform its intended function with random light source 
orientation.
    S7.2 Taillamps.
    S7.2.1 Photometry. Each taillamp must be designed to conform to the 
photometry requirements of Table VIII, when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the number of lamp compartments or 
individual lamps and the type of vehicle it is installed on.
    S7.2.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple 
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric 
requirements of a taillamp. If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple 
lamps are used and the distance between the optical axes does not 
exceed 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not 
exceed 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the 
combination of the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the 
photometric requirements for the corresponding number of lighted 
sections specified in Table VIII. If the distance between optical axes 
exceeds the previously stated dimensions, each compartment or lamp must 
comply with the photometric requirements for one lighted section 
specified in Table VII.
    S7.2.1.1.1 Taillamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in 
overall width. A maximum of two taillamps and/or two compartments per 
side may be mounted closer together than 560 mm. providing that each 
compartment and/or lamp meets the single lighted section photometric 
requirements specified in Table VII. Each lamp and/or compartment 
utilized in this manner must meet the single lighted section 
requirements for all functions for which it is designed.
    S7.2.2 Physical tests. Each taillamp must be designed to conform to 
the performance requirements associated with the vibration test, 
moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.3 Stop lamps.
    S7.3.1 Photometry. Each stop lamp must be designed to conform to 
the photometry requirements of Table IX, when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the number of lamp compartments or 
individual lamps and the type of vehicle it is installed on.
    S7.3.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple 
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric

[[Page 77471]]

requirements of a stop lamp. If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple 
lamps are used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger 
vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width, 
and the distance between adjacent light sources does not exceed 560 mm. 
for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not exceed 410 mm. 
for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the combination of 
the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the photometric 
requirements for the corresponding number of lighted sections specified 
in Table IX. If the distance between adjacent light sources exceeds the 
previously stated dimensions, each compartment or lamp must comply with 
the photometric requirements for one lighted section specified in Table 
IX.
    S7.3.1.1.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall 
width. Multiple compartment stop lamps installed on multipurpose 
passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses 2032 mm. or more in overall width 
must meet the photometric requirements specified for a single section 
and not for individual compartments.
    S7.3.1.2 Ratio to taillamps. When a taillamp is combined with a 
stop lamp, the luminous intensity of the stop lamp at each identified 
test point must not be less than the luminous intensity of the taillamp 
at that same test point times the multiplier shown for that test point 
in Table IX. If a multiple compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is 
used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, 
bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width, and the 
distance between the optical axes for both the taillamp and stop lamp 
is within 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm. 
for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be 
computed with all compartments or lamps lighted. If a multiple 
compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is used and the distance 
between optical axes for one of the functions exceeds 560 mm. for two 
compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm. for three compartments or 
lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be computed for only those 
compartments or lamps where the taillamp and stop lamp are optically 
combined. Where the taillamp is combined with the stop lamp, and the 
maximum luminous intensity is located below horizontal and within an 
area generated by a 0.5[deg] radius around a test point for a taillamp 
on a passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus, 
or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width, or by a 1.0[deg] 
radius around a test point for a taillamp on a vehicle 2032 mm. or more 
in overall width, the ratio for the test point may be computed using 
the lowest value of the taillamp luminous intensity within the 
generated area.
    S7.3.2 Physical tests. Each stop lamp must be designed to conform 
to the performance requirements associated with the vibration test, 
moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.3.3 Combined lamp bulb indexing. Each stop lamp optically 
combined with a taillamp where a two-filament bulb is used must have a 
bulb with an indexing base and a socket designed so that bulbs with 
non-indexing bases cannot be used. Removable sockets must have an 
indexing feature so that they cannot be re-inserted into lamp housings 
in random positions, unless the lamp will perform its intended function 
with random light source orientation.
    S7.4 Side marker lamps.
    S7.4.1 Photometry. Each side marker lamp must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table X, when tested 
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the lamp color as specified 
by this section.
    S7.4.1.1 Inboard photometry. For each motor vehicle less than 30 
feet in overall length and less than 2032 mm. in overall width, the 
minimum photometric intensity requirements for a side marker lamp may 
be met for all inboard test points at a distance of 15 feet from the 
vehicle and on a vertical plane that is perpendicular to the 
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and located midway between the front 
and rear side marker lamps.
    S7.4.2 Physical tests. Each side marker lamp must be designed to 
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration 
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.5 Clearance and identification lamps.
    S7.5.1 Photometry. Each clearance or identification lamp must be 
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XI, for the 
applicable lamp color, when tested according to the procedure of 
S6.8.5.1.
    S7.5.2 Physical tests. Each clearance or identification lamp must 
be designed to conform to the performance requirements associated with 
the vibration test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color 
test, and plastic optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.6 Backup lamps.
    S7.6.1 Photometry. Each backup lamp must be designed to conform to 
the photometry requirements of Table XII, when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.1, as specified by this section.
    S7.6.2 Color. A backup lamp may project incidental red, yellow, or 
white light through reflectors or lenses that are adjacent, close to, 
or a part of the lamp assembly.
    S7.6.3 Physical tests. Each backup lamp must be designed to conform 
to the performance requirements associated with the vibration test, 
moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.7 License plate lamps.
    S7.7.1 Installation.
    Each license plate lamp installed on a vehicle other than a 
motorcycle or motor driven cycle must be of such size and design as to 
provide illumination on all parts of a 150 mm. by 300 mm. test plate. 
Each license plate lamp installed on a motorcycle or motor driven cycle 
must be of such size and design as to provide illumination on all parts 
of a 100 mm. by 175 mm. test plate. The light rays must reach all 
portions of an imaginary plate of the same size at least 25 mm. ahead 
of the actual plate measured perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
    S7.7.1.1 Incident light from single lamp. When a single lamp is 
used to illuminate the license plate, the lamp and license plate holder 
must bear such relation to each other that at no point on the plate 
must the incident light make an angle of less than 8[deg] to the plane 
of the plate, this angle being measured from the edge of the light 
emitting surface of the lamp farthest from the surface of the plate.
    S7.7.1.2 Incident light from multiple lamps. When two or more lamps 
are used to illuminate the license plate, the minimum 8[deg] incident 
light angle must apply only to that portion of the plate which the 
particular lamp is designed to illuminate. The angle must be measured 
in the same manner as S7.7.1.1.
    S7.7.2 Photometry requirements. Each license plate lamp must be 
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of this section when 
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.3. An illumination value of 
no less than 8 lx [0.75 fc.] must be met at each test station target 
location shown in Table XIII. The ratio of the average of the two 
highest illumination values divided by the average of the two lowest 
illumination values must not exceed 20:1 for vehicles other than 
motorcycles and motor driven cycles. The ratio of the highest 
illumination value divided by the average of the two lowest 
illumination values must not exceed 15:1 for motorcycles and motor 
driven cycles.

[[Page 77472]]

    S7.7.3 Physical tests. Each license plate lamp must be designed to 
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration 
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.8 Parking lamps.
    S7.8.1 Photometry. Each parking lamp must be designed to conform to 
the photometry requirements of Table XIV, when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.1, as specified by this section.
    S7.8.2 Physical tests. Each parking lamp must be designed to 
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration 
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.9 High-mounted stop lamps.
    S7.9.1 Accessibility. Each high-mounted stop lamp must provide 
access for convenient replacement of bulbs without special tools.
    S7.9.2 Interior mounting. When any high-mounted stop lamp is 
mounted inside the vehicle, means must be provided to minimize 
reflections from the light of the lamp upon the rear window glazing 
that might be visible to the driver when viewed directly, or indirectly 
in the rearview mirror.
    S7.9.3 Photometry. Each high-mounted stop lamp must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XV, when tested 
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, as specified by this section.
    S7.9.4 Physical tests. Each high-mounted stop lamp must be designed 
to conform to the performance requirements associated with the 
vibration test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, 
and plastic optical material test of Table XXII, except that any high-
mounted stop lamp mounted inside the vehicle is not required to meet 
the requirements of the moisture test, dust test, and corrosion test.
    S7.10 Reflex reflectors.
    S7.10.1 Photometry. Each reflex reflector must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI when tested 
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1. for the lamp color as 
specified by this section.
    S7.10.1.1 Alternative side reflex reflector. Reflective material 
conforming to Federal Specification L-S-300, Sheeting and Tape, 
Reflective; Non-exposed Lens, Adhesive Backing (September 7, 1965), may 
be used for side reflex reflectors if this material as used on the 
vehicle, meets the performance requirements of Table XVI.
    S7.10.2 Physical tests. Each reflex reflector must be designed to 
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration 
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic 
optical material test of Table XXII.
    S7.11 Daytime running lamps (DRLs).
    S7.11.1 Photometry. Each DRL must have a luminous intensity not 
less than 500 cd. at test point H-V, nor more than 3,000 cd. at any 
location in the beam when tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.5 
as specified by this section, unless it is:
    (a) A lower beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL at full 
voltage, or a voltage lower than used to operate it as a lower beam; or
    (b) An upper beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL, whose 
luminous intensity at test point H-V is not more than 7,000 cd., and 
whose mounting height is not higher than 864 mm.
    S7.11.2 Spacing to turn signal lamps.
    S7.11.2.1 Each DRL optically combined with a turn signal lamp must 
be automatically deactivated as a DRL when the turn signal lamp or 
hazard warning lamp is activated, and automatically reactivated as a 
DRL when the turn signal lamp or hazard warning lamp is deactivated.
    S7.11.2.2 Each DRL not optically combined with a turn signal lamp 
must be located on the vehicle so that the distance from its lighted 
edge to the optical center of the nearest turn signal lamp is not less 
than 100 mm. unless:
    (a) The luminous intensity of the DRL is not more than 2,600 cd. at 
any location in the beam and the turn signal lamp meets 2.5 times the 
base front turn signal photometric requirements: or,
    (b) The DRL is optically combined with a lower beam headlamp and 
the turn signal lamp meets 2.5 times the base front turn signal 
photometric requirements: or,
    (c) The DRL is deactivated when the turn signal or hazard warning 
signal lamp is activated.
    S7.11.3 Physical tests. Each DRL must be designed to conform to the 
performance requirements associated with the color test and plastic 
optical material test requirements of Table XXII.
    S7.12 Conspicuity systems. The requirement for conspicuity systems 
may be met with retroreflective sheeting, conspicuity reflex 
reflectors, or a combination of retroreflective sheeting and 
conspicuity reflex reflectors.
    S7.12.1 Retroreflective sheeting. Retroreflective sheeting must 
consist of a smooth, flat, transparent exterior film with 
retroreflective elements embedded or suspended beneath the film so as 
to form a non-exposed retroreflective optical system. Retroreflective 
sheeting must meet the requirements, except photometry, of ASTM D 4956-
90, Standard for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control, for Type 
V Sheeting. Sheeting of Grade DOT-C2 of no less than 50 mm. wide, Grade 
DOT-C3 of no less than 75 mm. wide, or Grade DOT-C4 of no less than 100 
mm. wide may be used.
    S7.12.1.1 Certification marking. The letters DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or 
DOT-C4, as appropriate, constituting a certification that the 
retroflective sheeting conforms to the requirements of this standard, 
must appear at least once on the exposed surface of each white or red 
segment of retroreflective sheeting, and at least once every 300 mm. on 
retroreflective sheeting that is white only. The characters must be not 
less than 3 mm. high, and must be permanently stamped, etched, molded, 
or printed in indelible ink.
    S7.12.1.2 Photometry. Each retroreflective sheeting must be 
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI when 
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 for the color and grade 
as specified by this section.
    S7.12.2 Conspicuity reflex reflectors.
    S7.12.2.1 Certification marking. The exposed surface of each reflex 
reflector must be marked with the letters DOT-C which constitutes a 
certification that the reflector conforms to the requirements of this 
standard. The certification must be not less than 3 mm. high, and must 
be permanently stamped, etched, molded, or printed in indelible ink.
    S7.12.2.2 Photometry. Each red conspicuity reflex reflector must be 
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI for a 
red reflex reflector and for a red conspicuity reflex reflector when 
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 as specified by this 
section. Each white conspicuity reflex reflector installed in only a 
horizontal orientation must be designed to conform to the photometry 
requirements of Table XVI for a white reflex reflector and for a white 
horizontal conspicuity reflex reflector when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 as specified by this section. Each white 
conspicuity reflex reflector installed in a vertical orientation must 
be designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI for 
a white reflex reflector, for a white horizontal conspicuity reflex 
reflector, and a white vertical conspicuity reflex reflector when 
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 as specified by this 
section.
    S7.13 School bus signal lamps.

[[Page 77473]]

    S7.13.1 Photometry. Each school bus signal lamp must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVII, when tested 
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the lamp color as specified 
by this section.
    S7.13.2 Physical test requirements. Each school bus signal lamp 
must be designed to conform to the performance requirements associated 
with the vibration test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, 
color test, and plastic optical material test requirements of Table 
XXII.
    S7.14 Associated equipment.
    S7.14.1 Turn signal operating unit. The turn signal operating unit 
is that part of the turn signal system by which the operator of a 
vehicle causes the turn signal lamps to function. The turn signal 
operating unit installed on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger 
vehicles, trucks, and buses less than 2032 mm. in overall width must be 
self-canceling by steering wheel rotation and capable of cancellation 
by a manually operated control.
    S7.14.2 Turn signal flasher. The turn signal flasher is that part 
of the turn signal system which causes the turn signal lamps to flash 
as long as it is energized. The means of producing the turn signal 
pilot indicator signal may be incorporated in the flasher. A means of 
producing an audible signal may be incorporated in the flasher.
    S7.14.3 Turn signal pilot indicator. Each vehicle equipped with a 
turn signal operating unit must also have an illuminated pilot 
indicator to provide a clear and unmistakable indication that the turn 
signal system is activated. The indicator must consist of one or more 
lights flashing at the same frequency as the turn signal lamps. The 
indicator must function satisfactorily under all test conditions 
imposed on the turn signal flasher in Table III.
    S7.14.3.1 Indicator size and color. If the indicator is located 
inside the vehicle, it should emit a green light and have a minimum 
area of 18 sq. mm. If the indicator is located outside of the vehicle 
it should emit a yellow light and have a minimum area of 60 sq. mm. The 
minimum required illuminated area of the indicator must be visible 
according to the procedures described in SAE J1050, Describing and 
Measuring the Driver's Field of View, with the steering wheel turned to 
a straight ahead driving position and in the design location for an 
adjustable wheel and column.
    S7.14.3.2 Turn signal lamp failure. Failure of one or more turn 
signal lamps such that the minimum photometric performance specified in 
Tables VI or VII is not being met must be indicated by the turn signal 
pilot indicator, except when a variable-load turn signal flasher is 
used on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus 2032 mm. or 
more in overall width, on a truck that is capable of accommodating a 
slide in camper, or on any vehicle equipped to tow trailers.
    S7.14.4 Headlamp beam switching device. Each vehicle must have a 
means of switching between lower and upper beams designed and located 
so that it may be operated conveniently by a simple movement of the 
driver's hand or foot. The switch should have no dead point and, except 
as provided by S8.2, the lower and upper beams must not be energized 
simultaneously except momentarily for temporary signaling purposes or 
during switching between beams.
    S7.14.4.1 Semi-automatic headlamp beam switching device. As an 
alternative to S7.14.4. a vehicle may be equipped with a semi-automatic 
means of switching between lower and upper beams as specified by this 
standard and as specified in Table III.
    S7.14.4.1.1 Operating instructions. Each semi-automatic headlamp 
switching device must include operating instructions to permit a driver 
to operate the device correctly including; how to turn the automatic 
control on and off, how to adjust the provided sensitivity control, and 
any other specific instructions applicable to the particular device.
    S7.14.4.1.2 Manual override. The device must include a means 
convenient to the driver for switching to the opposite beam from the 
one provided.
    S7.14.4.1.3 Fail-safe operation. A failure of the automatic control 
portion of the device must not result in the loss of manual operation 
of both upper and lower beams.
    S7.14.4.1.4 Automatic dimming indicator. There must be a convenient 
means of informing the driver when the device is controlling the 
headlamps automatically.
    S7.14.4.1.5 Lens accessibility. The device lens must be accessible 
for cleaning when the device is installed on a vehicle.
    S7.14.4.1.6 Mounting height. The center of the device lens must be 
mounted no less than 24 in. above the road surface.
    S7.14.5 Upper beam headlamp indicator. Each vehicle must have a 
means for indicating to the driver when the upper beams of the 
headlighting system are on.
    S7.14.5.1 Indicator size, location, and color. The upper beam 
headlamp indicator must have a minimum area equivalent to that of a 3/
16 in. diameter circle, and be plainly visible to drivers of all 
heights under normal driving conditions when headlamps are required. 
The indicator color need not be red.
    S7.14.6 Vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit. The 
vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit is a driver-controlled 
device which causes turn signal lamps to flash simultaneously to 
indicate to approaching drivers the presence of a vehicular hazard. The 
unit may be an independent device or it may be combined with the turn 
signal operating unit. If combined with the turn signal operating unit, 
the actuating motion of the hazard function must differ from the 
actuating motion of the turn signal function.
    S7.14.6.1 Operating unit switch. The unit must operate 
independently of the ignition or equivalent switch. If the actuation of 
the hazard function requires the operation of more than one switch, a 
means must be provided for actuating all switches simultaneously by a 
single driver action.
    S7.14.7 Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher. The vehicular 
hazard warning signal flasher is the device which causes the turn 
signal lamps designated as hazard warning lamps to simultaneously flash 
as long as it is energized. The means of producing the hazard warning 
signal pilot indicator signal may be incorporated in the flasher. A 
means of producing an audible signal may be incorporated in the 
flasher.
    S7.14.8 Vehicular hazard warning signal pilot indicator. In 
vehicles equipped with right hand and left hand turn signal pilot 
indicators, both pilot indicators and/or a separate pilot indicator 
must flash simultaneously while the vehicle hazard warning signal 
operating unit is turned on. In vehicles equipped with a single turn 
signal pilot indicator, a separate vehicular hazard warning signal 
pilot indicator must flash and the turn signal pilot indicator may 
flash while the vehicle hazard warning signal operating unit is turned 
on. The indicator must function satisfactorily under all test 
conditions imposed on the hazard warning signal flasher in Table III.
    S7.14.8.1 Indicator size and color. If a separate vehicular hazard 
warning pilot indicator is used, it must emit a red color and have a 
minimum area equivalent to a 0.5 in. diameter circle.
    S8 Headlighting system requirements.
    S8.1 Headlighting systems. Each passenger car, multipurpose 
passenger vehicle, truck and bus must be equipped with a headlighting 
system conforming to the requirements of Table II and this

[[Page 77474]]

standard. Each motorcycle must be equipped with a headlighting system 
conforming to S13 of this standard or one half of any headlighting 
system of Table II which provides both a full upper beam and full lower 
beam.
    S8.1.1 Headlighting system type. The headlighting system installed 
on any vehicle covered by this section must be of the two lamp type or 
the four lamp type.
    S8.1.2 Headlamp category. The headlighting system installed on any 
vehicle covered by this section must be of one of the categories listed 
in Table II.
    S8.1.3 Vertical headlamp arrangement. Where multiple headlamps with 
single light sources are installed in a vertical orientation the lower 
beam must be provided by the uppermost headlamp. Where headlamps with 
two vertically oriented light sources are installed the lower beam must 
be provided by the uppermost light source or by all light sources. 
Where more than one lamp must be used for a motorcycle headlighting 
system, the lamps must be mounted vertically, with the lower beam as 
high as practicable.
    S8.1.4 Horizontal headlamp arrangement. Where multiple headlamps 
with single light sources are installed in a horizontal orientation the 
lower beam must be provided by the most outboard headlamp. Where 
headlamps with two horizontally oriented light sources are installed 
the lower beam must be provided by the outboard light source or by all 
light sources.
    S8.1.5 Headlamp adjustments. The axis of the light beams must be 
adjustable to the left, right, up, or down from the designed setting, 
the amount of adjustability to be determined by practical operating 
conditions and the type of equipment. The adjustments must be 
conveniently made by one person with tools ordinarily available. When 
the headlamps are secured, the aim will not be disturbed under ordinary 
conditions of service.
    S8.2 Simultaneous beam activation. On any vehicle covered by this 
section where the headlighting system is designed to conform to the 
photometric requirements of UB1 of Table XVIII and LB1M or LB1V of 
Table XIX, the lamps marked ``L'' or ``LF'' may remain permanently 
activated when the lamps marked ``U'' or ``UF'' are activated. On any 
vehicle covered by this section where an integral beam headlighting 
system is designed to conform to the photometric requirements of UB1 of 
Table XVIII and LB5M or LB4V of Table XIX, the lower beam headlamps 
must remain permanently activated when the upper beam headlamps are 
activated. On any vehicle covered by this section where the 
headlighting system is designed to conform to the photometric 
requirements of UB2 of Table XVIII and LB2M or LB2V of Table XIX, a 
lower beam light source may remain permanently activated when an upper 
beam light source is activated if the lower beam light source 
contributes to the upper beam compliance of the headlighting system.
    S9 Sealed beam headlamp requirements. All sealed beam headlamps 
must be of a type designated in Table II-a. Each sealed beam headlamp 
must conform to the dimensions and electrical specifications furnished 
with respect to it pursuant to Appendix C of part 564 of this chapter 
and Table II-a of this standard. The dimensions applicable to the 
design of a specific type are those identified with an ``I'' for 
interchangeability shown on the applicable drawing(s) filed in Docket 
No. NHTSA 98-3397.
    S9.1 Installation. A sealed beam headlighting system must consist 
of the correct number of designated headlamp units shown for the 
specific system in Table II-a. The units must have their beams 
activated as shown in Table II-a.
    S9.2 Simultaneous aim. Type F sealed beam headlamps may be mounted 
on common or parallel seating and aiming planes to permit simultaneous 
aiming of both headlamps provided that there must be no provision for 
adjustment between the common or parallel aiming and seating planes of 
the two lamps, and when tested with any conforming Type UF and LF 
headlamps in accordance with S6.8.5.6 the assembly (consisting of the 
Type UF and LF headlamps, mounting rings, the aiming/seating rings, and 
aim adjustment mechanism) must be designed to conform to the 
appropriate photometric requirements.
    S9.3 Photometry. Each sealed beam headlamp must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam 
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II for the specific 
headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the procedure 
of S6.8.5.6.
    S9.4 Physical tests. Each sealed beam headlamp must be designed to 
conform to the performance requirements associated with Table XXIII and 
the performance requirements associated with the color test and the 
plastic optical materials test, if applicable, of Table XXII.
    S10 Integral beam headlamp requirements. All integral beam 
headlamps must be of a type designated in Table II-c.
    S10.1 Installation. An integral beam headlighting system must 
consist of the correct number of designated headlamp units shown for 
the specific system in Table II-c. The units must have their beams 
mechanized as shown in Table II-c. A system must provide in total not 
more than two upper beams and two lower beams.
    S10.2 Aimability. An integral beam headlighting system must be 
aimable in accordance with the requirements of S14. A system that 
incorporates any headlamp or beam contributor that does not have a VHAD 
as an integral and indivisible part of the headlamp or beam contributor 
must be designed so that the appropriate photometric requirements are 
met when any correctly aimed and photometrically conforming headlamp or 
beam contributor is removed from its mounting and aiming mechanism, and 
is replaced without reaim by any conforming headlamp or beam 
contributor of the same type.
    S10.3 Simultaneous aim. An integral beam headlighting system 
consisting of four individual headlamps or beam contributors may have 
the headlamp units mounted in an assembly to permit simultaneous aiming 
of the beam(s) contributors, providing that with any complying 
contributor the assembly complete with all lamps meets the appropriate 
photometric requirements when tested in accordance with S6.8.5.6.
    S10.4 Markings. An integral beam headlamp with a single light 
source providing lower beam must have its lens permanently marked with 
``L''. An integral beam headlamp with a single light source providing 
upper beam must have its lens permanently marked with ``U''.
    S10.5 Additional light sources. An integral beam headlamp may 
incorporate replaceable light sources that are used for purposes other 
than headlighting.
    S10.6 Photometry. Each integral beam headlamp must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam 
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II for the specific 
headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the procedure 
of S6.8.5.6.
    S10.7 Physical tests. Each integral beam headlamp must be designed 
to conform to the performance requirements associated with Table XXIII 
and the performance requirements associated with the color test and the 
plastic optical materials test, if applicable, of Table XXII.

[[Page 77475]]

    S11 Replaceable bulb headlamp requirements. All replaceable bulb 
headlamps must be of a type designated in Table II-d.
    S11.1 Installation. A replaceable bulb headlighting system must 
consist of the correct number of designated headlamp units shown for 
the specific system in Table II-d. The units must have their beams 
activated as shown in Table II-d. A system must provide in total not 
more than two upper beams and two lower beams and must incorporate not 
more than two replaceable light sources in each headlamp.
    S11.2 Aiming restrictions. Each replaceable bulb headlamp 
conforming to the external mechanical aim requirements of S14.8 must 
have no mechanism that allows adjustment of an individual light source, 
or if there are two light sources, independent adjustments of each 
reflector.
    S11.3 Additional light sources. A replaceable bulb headlamp may 
incorporate replaceable light sources that are used for purposes other 
than headlighting.
    S11.4 Replacement equipment. Each lens reflector unit manufactured 
as replacement equipment must conform to applicable photometry 
requirements when any replaceable light source appropriate for such 
unit is inserted in it.
    S11.5 Markings. A replaceable bulb headlamp in a four headlamp 
system providing lower beam must have its lens permanently marked with 
``L''. A replaceable bulb headlamp in a four headlamp system providing 
upper beam must have its lens permanently marked with ``U''.
    S11.6 Photometry. Each replaceable bulb headlamp must be designed 
to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam 
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II-d for the 
specific headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.6 using any replaceable light source intended for 
use in the system under test.
    S11.7 Physical tests. Each replaceable bulb headlamp must be 
designed to conform to the performance requirements associated with 
Table XXIII and the performance requirements associated with the color 
test and the plastic optical materials test, if applicable, of Table 
XXII.
    S12 Combination headlamps. All combination headlamps must be of a 
type designated in Table II-b.
    S12.1 Installation. A combination headlighting system must consist 
of the number of designated headlamp units shown for the specific 
system in Table II-b. The units must have their beams mechanized as 
shown in Table II-b. A system must provide in total not more than two 
upper beams and two lower beams. When installed on a motor vehicle, the 
headlamps (or parts thereof) that provide the lower beam must be of the 
same type, and provide a symmetrical effective projected luminous lens 
area when illuminated.
    S12.2 Photometry. Each combination headlamp must be designed to 
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam 
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II-b for the 
specific headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.6.
    S12.3 Physical tests. The component headlamps of any combination 
headlamp must be designed to conform to the performance requirements 
associated with Table XXIII and the performance requirements associated 
with the color test and the plastic optical materials test, if 
applicable, of Table XXII.
    S13 Motorcycle headlamp requirements. A motorcycle headlighting 
system may consist of:
    (a) One half of any headlighting system of Table II which provides 
both a full upper beam and full lower beam, and conforms to the 
requirements for that headlamp type. Where more than one lamp must be 
used, the lamps shall be mounted vertically, with the lower beam as 
high as practicable, or
    (b) A headlighting system conforming to the requirements of this 
section.
    S13.1 Installation. The headlamp system installed on a motorcycle 
must be located on the front.
    S13.1.1 Single headlamp. If the system consists of a single 
headlamp, it must be mounted on the vertical centerline of the 
motorcycle. If the headlamp contains more than one light source, each 
light source must be mounted on the vertical centerline with the upper 
beam no higher than the lower beam, or horizontally disposed about the 
vertical centerline and mounted at the same height. If the light 
sources are horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline, the 
distance between the closest edges of the effective projected luminous 
lens area in front of the light sources must not be greater than 200 
mm.
    S13.1.2 Two headlamps with both beams. If the system consists of 
two headlamps, each of which provides both an upper and lower beam, the 
headlamps must be mounted either at the same height and symmetrically 
disposed about the vertical centerline or mounted on the vertical 
centerline. If the headlamps are horizontally disposed about the 
vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of their 
effective projected luminous lens areas must not be greater than 200 
mm.
    S13.1.3 Two headlamps, upper beam and lower beam. If the system 
consists of two headlamps, one of which provides an upper beam and one 
of which provides the lower beam, the headlamps must be located on the 
vertical centerline with the upper beam no higher than the lower beam, 
or horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline and mounted at 
the same height. If the headlamps are horizontally disposed about the 
vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of their 
effective projected luminous lens areas must not be greater than 200 
mm.
    S13.2 Photometry. Each motorcycle headlamp that is not one half of 
a headlighting system listed in Table II, must be designed to conform 
to the photometry requirements of Table XX when tested according to the 
procedure of S6.8.5.6.
    S13.3 Physical tests. Each motorcycle headlamp that is not one half 
of a headlighting system listed in Table II, must be designed to 
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration 
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, out of focus test, 
color test, and plastic optical material test requirements of Table 
XXII.
    S13.4 Motorcycle replaceable bulb headlamp marking. Each 
replaceable bulb headlamp conforming to requirements for motorcycle use 
and that is equipped with a light source other than a replaceable light 
source meeting the requirements of S15, must have the word `motorcycle' 
permanently marked on the lens in characters not less than 3 mm in 
height.
    S13.5 Motorcycle headlamp modulation system. A headlamp on a 
motorcycle may be activated to modulate either the upper beam or the 
lower beam from its maximum intensity to a lesser intensity, provided 
that;
    S13.5.1. Modulation.
    (a) The rate of modulation must be 240 40 cycles per 
minute.
    (b) The headlamp must be operated at maximum power for 50 to 70 
percent of each cycle.
    (c) The lowest intensity at any test point must be not less than 17 
percent of the maximum intensity measured at the same point.
    (d) The modulator switch must be wired in the power lead of the 
beam filament being modulated and not in the ground side of the 
circuit.
    (e) Means must be provided so that both the lower beam and upper 
beam remain operable in the event of a modulator failure.

[[Page 77476]]

    (f) The system must include a sensor mounted with the axis of its 
sensing element perpendicular to a horizontal plane. Headlamp 
modulation must cease whenever the level of light emitted by a tungsten 
filament light operating at 3000[deg] Kelvin is either less than 270 
lux of direct light for upward pointing sensors or less than 60 lux of 
reflected light for downward pointing sensors. The light is measured by 
a silicon cell type light meter that is located at the sensor and 
pointing in the same direction as the sensor. A Kodak Gray Card (Kodak 
R-27) is placed at ground level to simulate the road surface in testing 
downward pointing sensors.
    (g) When tested in accordance with the test profile shown in Figure 
9, the voltage drop across the modulator when the lamp is on at all 
test conditions for 12 volt systems and 6 volt systems must not be 
greater than 0.45 volt. The modulator must meet all the provisions of 
the standard after completion of the test profile shown in Figure 9.
    (h) Means must be provided so that both the lower and upper beam 
function at design voltage when the headlamp control switch is in 
either the lower or upper beam position when the modulator is off.
    S13.5.2 Replacement modulators. Each motorcycle headlamp modulator 
not intended as original equipment, or its container, must be labeled 
with the maximum wattage, and the minimum wattage appropriate for its 
use.
    S13.5.2.1 Replacement performance. Each modulator, not intended as 
original equipment, must comply with S13.5.1 (a) through (g) when 
connected to a headlamp of the maximum rated power and a headlamp of 
the minimum rated power, and must provide means so that the modulated 
beam functions at design voltage when the modulator is off.
    S13.5.2.2 Replacement instructions. Instructions, with a diagram, 
must be provided for mounting the light sensor, including location on 
the motorcycle, distance above the road surface, and orientation with 
respect to the light.
    S14 Headlamp aimability performance requirements.
    S14.1 Headlamp mounting and aiming. Except as provided in this 
paragraph, each headlamp must be installed on a motor vehicle with a 
mounting and aiming mechanism that allows aim inspection and adjustment 
of both vertical and horizontal aim, and is accessible for those 
purposes without removal of any vehicle parts, except for protective 
covers removable without the use of tools.
    S14.2 Headlamp obstructions. When activated in a steady burning 
state, headlamps must not have any styling ornament or other feature, 
such as a translucent cover or grill, in front of the lens. Headlamp 
wipers may be used in front of the lens provided that the headlamp 
system is designed to conform with all applicable photometric 
requirements with the wiper stopped in any position in front of the 
lens.
    S14.3. Headlamp aiming systems. When a headlamp system is installed 
on a motor vehicle, it must be aimable with at least one of the 
following: an externally applied aiming device, as specified in S14.8; 
an on-vehicle headlamp aiming device installed by the vehicle or lamp 
manufacturer, as specified in S14.9; or by visual/optical means, as 
specified in S14.10.
    S14.4 Aim adjustment interaction. When installed on the vehicle, 
adjustment of one aim axis through its full on-vehicle range must not 
cause the aim of the other axis to deviate more than 0.76[deg]. If the performance specified is not achievable, the 
requirements of S14.4.1 apply, except that if the aiming mechanism is 
not a VHAD, the requirements specific to VHADs are not applicable, and 
the instruction must be specific to the aiming mechanism installed.
    S14.4.1 Should the mechanism not meet the requirements above, a 
cautionary label must be placed adjacent to the mechanism stating the 
caution and including either the reason for the caution or the 
corrective action necessary. Each such label must also refer the reader 
to the vehicle operator's manual for complete instructions. Each such 
vehicle must be equipped with an operator's manual containing the 
complete instructions appropriate for the mechanism installed.
    S14.5 Horizontal adjustment-visually aimed headlamp. A visually/
optically aimable headlamp that has a lower beam must not have a 
horizontal adjustment mechanism unless such mechanism meets the 
requirements of this standard for a VHAD.
    S14.6 Optical axis marking.
    S14.6.1 Optical axis marking-vehicle. Each motor vehicle must be 
equipped with headlamps or beam contributors which have a mark or 
markings that are visible from the front of the headlamp when installed 
on the vehicle to identify the optical axis of the headlamp to assure 
proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or 
optical aiming equipment. The manufacturer is free to choose the design 
of the mark or markings. The mark or markings may be on the interior or 
exterior of the lens or indicated by a mark or central structure on the 
interior or exterior of the headlamp.
    S14.6.2 Optical axis marking-lamp. Each headlamp or beam 
contributor that is not visually/optically aimable in accordance with 
S14.10 of this standard must be equipped with fiducial marks, aiming 
pads, or similar references of sufficient detail and accuracy, for 
determination of an appropriate vehicle plane to be used with the 
photometric procedures of S6.8.5.6 for correct alignment with the 
photometer axis when being tested for photometric compliance, and to 
serve for the aiming reference when the headlamp or beam contributor is 
installed on a motor vehicle. The fiducial marks, aiming pads, or 
similar references are protrusions, bubble vials, holes, indentations, 
ridges, scribed lines, or other readily identifiable marks established 
and described by the vehicle or headlamp manufacturer.
    S14.6.3 Optical axis marking-visual aim headlamp. There must be a 
mark or markings identifying the optical axis of the headlamp visible 
from the front of the headlamp when installed on the vehicle, to assure 
proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or 
optical aiming equipment with the headlamp being aimed. The 
manufacturer is free to choose the design of the mark or markings. The 
mark or markings may be on the interior or exterior of the lens or 
indicated by a mark or central structure on the interior or exterior of 
the headlamp.
    S14.7 Moveable reflectors. Each headlamp aimed by moving the 
reflector relative to the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa, 
must conform with the photometric requirements applicable to it when 
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.6 with the lens at any 
position relative to the reflector within the full range of vertical 
pitch on the vehicle on which the headlamp system is installed and a 
horizontal range of 2.5[deg]. Additionally, it must comply 
with the aiming adjustment requirements of Table XXIII.
    S14.8 External aiming. Each headlamp system that is capable of 
being mechanically aimed by externally applied headlamp aiming devices 
must be mechanically aimable using the equipment specified in SAE J602, 
Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp 
Units, October 1980, without the removal of any ornamental trim rings, 
covers, wipers, or other vehicle parts.
    S14.8.1 Headlamp aiming device locating plates. Each headlamp 
system which is designed to use the Headlamp Aiming Device Locating 
Plates with

[[Page 77477]]

adjustable legs for the 100x165 mm unit and the 142x200 mm unit, and 
which has adjustable length legs, must meet the following requirements.
    S14.8.1.1 The lens must have three aiming pads which meet the 
requirements of Figure 4, Dimensional Specifications for Location of 
Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units. The aiming pads need 
not be centered at the geometric center of the lens, or on the optical 
axis. Except as provided in S14.8.1.2, a whole number, which represents 
the distance in tenths of an inch (i.e. 0.3 inch=3) from the aiming 
reference plane to the respective aiming pads which are not in contact 
with that plane, must be inscribed adjacent to each respective aiming 
pad on the lens. The height of these numbers must be not less than .157 
inch (4 mm). If there is interference between the plane and the area of 
the lens between the aiming pads, the whole number represents the 
distance to a secondary plane. The secondary plane must be located 
parallel to the aiming reference plane and as close to the lens as 
possible without causing interference.
    S14.8.1.2 If the most forward aiming pad is the lower inboard 
aiming pad, then the dimensions may be placed anywhere on the lens. The 
dimension for the outboard aiming pad (Dimension F in Figure 4) must be 
followed by the letter ``H'' and the dimension for the center aiming 
pad must be followed by the letter ``V.'' The dimensions must be 
expressed in tenths of an inch, in the manner described in S14.8.1.1.
    S14.8.2 Nonadjustable headlamp aiming device locating plates. Each 
headlamp may be designed to use the nonadjustable Headlamp Aiming 
Device Locating Plate for the 100x165 mm. unit, the 142x200 mm. unit, 
the 146 mm. diameter unit, or the 178 mm. diameter unit of SAE J602, or 
the 92x150 mm. Type F unit, and incorporate lens-mounted aiming pads as 
specified for those units in Figures a, b, c, d, or e of this standard. 
If so designed, no additional lens marking is necessary to designate 
the type of plate or dimensions.
    S14.9 On-vehicle aiming. Each headlamp system that is capable of 
being aimed by equipment installed on the vehicle must include a 
Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Device (VHAD) that conforms to the following 
requirements:
    S14.9.1 Aim. The VHAD must provide for headlamp aim inspection and 
adjustment in both the vertical and horizontal axes.
    S14.9.1.1 Vertical aim. The VHAD must include the necessary 
references and scales relative to the horizontal plane to assure 
correct vertical aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An off-vehicle 
measurement of the angle of the plane of the ground is permitted. In 
addition, an equal number of graduations from the ``O'' position 
representing angular changes in the axis in the upward and downward 
directions must be provided.
    S14.9.1.1.1 Each graduation must represent a change in the vertical 
position of the mechanical axis not larger than 0.19[deg] (1 in. at 25 
ft.) to provide for variations in aim at least 1.2[deg] above and below 
the horizontal, and have an accuracy relative to the zero mark of less 
than 0.1[deg].
    S14.9.1.1.2 The VHAD must be marked to indicate headlamp aim 
movement in the upward and downward directions.
    S14.9.1.1.3 Each graduation must indicate a linear movement of the 
scale indicator of not less than 0.05 in. (1.27 mm) if a direct reading 
analog indicator is used. If a remote reading indicator is provided, it 
must represent the actual aim movement in a clear, understandable 
format.
    S14.9.1.1.4 The vertical indicator must perform through a minimum 
range of 1.2[deg].
    S14.9.1.1.5 Means must be provided in the VHAD for compensating for 
deviations in floor slope less than 1.2[deg] from the horizontal that 
would affect the correct positioning of the headlamp for vertical aim.
    S14.9.1.1.6 The graduations must be legible under an illumination 
level not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the top of the 
graduation, by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen), and must 
permit aim adjustment to within 0.19[deg] (1 in. at 25 ft.).
    S14.9.1.2 Horizontal aim. The VHAD must include references and 
scales relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle necessary to 
assure correct horizontal aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An 
``O'' mark must be used to indicate alignment of the headlamps relative 
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In addition, an equal number 
of graduations from the ``O'' position representing equal angular 
changes in the axis relative to the vehicle axis must be provided.
    S14.9.1.2.1 Each graduation must represent a change in the 
horizontal position of the mechanical axis not greater than 0.38[deg] 
(2 in. at 25 ft.) to provide for variations in aim at least 0.76[deg] 
(4 in. at 25 ft.) to the left and right of the longitudinal axis of the 
vehicle, and must have an accuracy relative to the zero mark of less 
than 0.1[deg].
    S14.9.1.2.2 The VHAD must be marked to indicate headlamp aim 
movement in the left and right directions.
    S14.9.1.2.3 The graduations must be legible under an illumination 
level not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the top of the 
graduation, by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen), and must 
permit aim adjustment to within 0.38[deg] (2 in. at 25 ft.).
    S14.9.1.2.4 The horizontal indicator must perform through a minimum 
range of 0.76[deg] (4 in. at 25 ft.); however, the 
indicator itself must be capable of recalibration over a movement of 
2.5[deg] relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 
to accommodate any adjustment necessary for recalibrating the indicator 
after vehicle repair from accident damage.
    S14.9.2 Aiming instructions.
    S14.9.2.1 The instructions for properly aiming the headlighting 
system using the VHAD must be provided on a label permanently affixed 
to the vehicle adjacent to the VHAD, or in the vehicle operator's 
manual. The instructions must advise that the headlighting system is 
properly aimed if the appropriate vertical plane (as defined by the 
vehicle manufacturer) is perpendicular to both the longitudinal axis of 
the vehicle, and a horizontal plane when the vehicle is on a horizontal 
surface, and the VHAD is set at ``0'' vertical and ``0'' horizontal.
    S14.9.2.2 Should a remote indicator or a remote indicator and 
adjuster be provided, the instructions must be placed in the operator's 
manual, and may also be placed on a label adjacent to the VHAD.
    S14.9.3 Permanent calibration. Each headlamp equipped with a VHAD 
must be manufactured with its calibration permanently fixed by its 
manufacturer. Calibration in this case means the process of accurately 
aligning the geometry of the VHAD devices with the beam pattern for the 
purposes of compliance with the standard.
    S14.9.4 Replacement units. When tested according to the procedure 
of S6.8.5.6. with any replacement headlamp unit(s) or light sources 
intended for use in the system under test, the VHAD and headlamp system 
must be designed to conform to the photometric performance requirements 
appropriate for the system under test.
    S14.9.5 Physical tests. Each VHAD must comply with all applicable 
performance requirements of Table XXIII.
    S14.10 Visual/optical aiming. Each visually/optically aimable 
headlamp must be designed to conform to the following requirements:
    S14.10.1 Vertical aim, lower beam. Each lower beam headlamp must 
have

[[Page 77478]]

a cutoff in the beam pattern. It may be either on the left side or the 
right side of the optical axis, but once chosen for a particular 
headlamp system's design, the side chosen for the cutoff must not be 
changed for any headlamps intended to be used as replacements for those 
system's headlamps.
    S14.10.1.1 Vertical position of the cutoff. The headlamp must be 
aimed vertically so that the cutoff is on the left side, at 0.4[deg] 
down from the H-H line, or on the right side, at the H-H line.
    S14.10.1.2 Vertical gradient. The gradient of the cutoff measured 
at either 2.5[deg] L or 2.0[deg] R must be not less than 0.13 based on 
the procedure of S14.10.1.5.
    S14.10.1.3 Horizontal position of the cutoff. The width must be not 
less than 2[deg], with not less than 2[deg] of its actual width 
centered at either 2.5[deg] L, or 2.0[deg] R.
    S14.10.1.4 Maximum inclination of the cutoff. The vertical location 
of the highest gradient at the ends of the minimum width must be within 
0.2[deg] of the vertical location of the maximum gradient 
measured at the appropriate vertical line (at either 2.5[deg] L for a 
left side cutoff, or 2.0[deg] R for a right side cutoff).
    S14.10.1.5 Measuring the cutoff parameter.
    S14.10.1.5.1 The headlamp is mounted on a fixture which simulates 
its actual design location on any vehicle for which the headlamp is 
intended. The fixture, with the headlamp installed, is attached to the 
goniometer table in such a way that the fixture alignment axes are 
coincident with the goniometer axes. The headlamp is energized at the 
specified test voltage. The cutoff parameter must be measured at a 
distance of 10 m. from a photosensor with a 10 mm. diameter.
    S14.10.1.5.2 The headlamp beam pattern is aimed with the cutoff at 
the H-H axis. There is no adjustment, shimming, or modification of the 
horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the headlamp is 
equipped with a VHAD. In this case the VHAD is adjusted to zero.
    S14.10.1.5.3 A vertical scan of the beam pattern is conducted for a 
headlamp with a left side gradient by aligning the goniometer on a 
vertical line at 2.5[deg] L and scanning from 1.5[deg] U to 1.5[deg] D. 
For a headlamp with a right side gradient, a vertical scan of the beam 
pattern is conducted by aligning the goniometer on a vertical line at 
2.0[deg] R and scanning from 1.5[deg] U to 1.5[deg] D.
    S14.10.1.5.4 Determine the maximum gradient within the range of the 
scan by using the formula: G = log E(a)-logE(a+0.1), where ``G'' is the 
gradient, ``E'' is illumination and ``a'' is vertical angular position. 
The maximum value of the gradient ``G'' determines the vertical angular 
location of the cutoff. Perform vertical scans at 1.0[deg] L and R of 
the measurement point of the maximum gradient to determine the 
inclination.
    S14.10.2 Horizontal aim, lower beam. There is no adjustment of 
horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped with a horizontal VHAD. 
If the headlamp has a VHAD, it is set to zero.
    S14.10.3 Vertical aim, upper beam.
    S14.10.3.1 If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a lower 
beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam is not changed from the aim 
set using the procedures of S14.10.1. and S14.10.2 used for the lower 
beam.
    S14.10.3.2 If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a 
lower beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam is adjusted so that the 
maximum beam intensity is located on the H-H axis.
    S14.10.4 Horizontal aim, upper beam.
    S14.10.4.1 If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a lower 
beam, the horizontal aim of the upper beam is not changed from the aim 
set using the procedures of S14.10.1 and S14.10.2 used for the lower 
beam.
    S14.10.4.2 If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with the 
lower beam and has fixed horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD, then 
the headlamp is mounted on a fixture which simulates its actual design 
location on any vehicle for which the headlamp is intended. The 
fixture, with the headlamp installed, is attached to the goniometer 
table in such a way that the fixture alignment axes are coincident with 
the goniometer axes. The headlamp must be energized at 12.8  0.20 mV. There is no adjustment, shimming, or modification of 
the horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the 
headlamp is equipped with a VHAD. In this case, the VHAD is adjusted to 
zero.
    S14.10.4.3. If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a 
lower beam, and it does not have a VHAD, the horizontal aim of the 
upper beam is adjusted so that the maximium beam intensity is located 
on the V-V axis.
    S14.10.5 Photometric measurements. A visually/optically aimable 
headlamp must be designed to conform to the lower beam requirements of 
columns LB1V, LB2V, LB3V, or LB4V of Table XIX when tested according to 
the procedure of S6.8.5.6.
    S14.10.6 Visual/optical identification marking. Each letter used in 
marking according to this paragraph must be not less than 3 mm. high.
    S14.10.6.1 The lens of a lower beam headlamp must be marked ``VOL'' 
if the headlamp is intended to be visually/optically aimed using the 
left side of the lower beam pattern. The lens of a lower beam headlamp 
must be marked ``VOR'' if the headlamp is intended to be visually/
optically aimed using the right side of the lower beam pattern. The 
lens of a headlamp that is solely an upper beam headlamp and intended 
to be visually/optically aimed using the upper beam must be marked 
``VO''.
    S14.10.6.2 The lens of each sealed beam or integral beam headlamp 
must be marked ``VOR'' if the headlamp is of a type that was 
manufactured before May 1, 1997, and if such headlamp type has been 
redesigned since then to be visually/optically aimable.
    S15 Replaceable light sources. Each replaceable light source must 
be designed to conform to the dimensions and electrical specifications 
furnished with respect to it pursuant to part 564 of this chapter, and 
must conform to the following requirements:
    S15.1 Markings. If other than an HB Type, the light source must be 
marked with the bulb marking designation specified for it in compliance 
with Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter. The base of 
each HB Type must be marked with its HB Type designation. Each 
replaceable light source must also be marked with the symbol DOT and 
with a name or trademark in accordance with S17.1.
    S15.2 Power and flux measurement. The measurement of maximum power 
and luminous flux that is submitted in compliance with Appendix A or 
Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter is made in accordance with this 
paragraph. The filament or discharge arc is seasoned before measurement 
of either. Measurement is made with the direct current test voltage 
regulated within one quarter of one percent. The test voltage is 12.8v. 
The measurement of luminous flux is made in accordance with the 
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, LM-45, IES Approved 
Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service 
Incandescent Filament Lamps (April 1980); is made with the black cap 
installed on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5, and on any 
other replaceable light source so designed; and is made with the 
electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque 
white cover, except for the portion normally located within the 
interior of the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for the 
Types HB3 and HB4 is made with the base covered with a white cover as 
shown in the drawings for Types HB3

[[Page 77479]]

and HB4 filed in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397. (The white cover is used to 
eliminate the likelihood of incorrect lumen measurement that will occur 
should the reflectance of the light source base and electrical 
connector be low).
    S15.3 Power and flux measurement. The measurement of maximum power 
and luminous flux that is submitted in compliance with section VII of 
Appendix A of part 564 of this chapter, or section IV of Appendix B of 
part 564 of this chapter, is made with the direct current test voltage 
regulated within one quarter of one percent. The test voltage is 12.8v. 
The measurement of luminous flux is made in accordance with the 
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, LM 45; IES Approved 
Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service 
Incandescent Filament Lamps (April 1980). The filament of a replaceable 
light source is seasoned before such measurement. The white covers are 
used to eliminate the likelihood of incorrect lumen measurement that 
will occur should the reflectance of the light source base and 
electrical connector be low.
    S15.3.1 For a light source with a resistive element type filament, 
seasoning of the light source is made in accordance with this standard. 
The measurement of luminous flux is made with the black cap installed 
on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5 light sources, and on any 
other replaceable light source so designed, and must be made with the 
electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque 
white colored cover, except for the portion normally located within the 
interior of the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for Type 
HB3 and Type HB4 must be made with the base covered with the white 
cover shown in the drawings for Types HB3 and HB4 filed in Docket No. 
NHTSA 98-3397.
    S15.3.2 For a light source using excited gas mixtures as a filament 
or discharge arc, seasoning of the light source system, including any 
ballast required for its operation, is made in accordance with section 
4.0 of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Discharge Forward Lighting 
Systems. With the test voltage applied to the ballast input terminals, 
the measurement of luminous flux is made with the black cap installed, 
if so designed, and is made with an opaque white colored cover, except 
for the portion normally located within the interior of the lamp 
housing.
    S15.4 Ballast markings. If a ballast is required for operation, 
each ballast must bear the following permanent markings:
    (a) Name or logo of ballast manufacturer;
    (b) Ballast part number or unique identification;
    (c) Part number or other unique identification of the light source 
for which the ballast is designed;
    (d) Rated laboratory life of the light source/ballast combination, 
if the information for the light source has been filed in Appendix B of 
part 564 of this chapter;
    (e) A warning that ballast output voltage presents the potential 
for severe electrical shock that could lead to permanent injury or 
death;
    (f) Ballast output power in watts and output voltage in rms volts 
AC or DC; and
    (g) The symbol 'DOT'.''
    S15.5 Gas discharge laboratory life. For light sources that use 
excited gas mixtures as a filament or discharge arc, the `` rated 
laboratory life'' is determined in accordance with sections 4.3 and 4.9 
of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Forward Discharge Lighting 
Systems.
    S15.6 Physical tests. Each replaceable light source must comply 
with the performance requirements associated with the deflection test 
and pressure test of Table XXIII.
    S16 Headlamp concealment device requirements.
    S16.1 While the headlamp is illuminated, its fully opened headlamp 
concealment device must remain fully opened should any loss of power to 
or within the headlamp concealment device occur.
    S16.2 Whenever any malfunction occurs in a component that controls 
or conducts power for the actuation of the concealment device, each 
closed headlamp concealment device must be capable of being fully 
opened by a means not requiring the use of any tools. Thereafter, the 
headlamp concealment device must remain fully opened until 
intentionally closed.
    S16.3 Except for malfunctions covered by S16.2, each headlamp 
concealment device must be capable of being fully opened and the 
headlamps illuminated by actuation of a single switch, lever, or 
similar mechanism, including a mechanism that is automatically actuated 
by a change in ambient light conditions.
    S16.4 Each headlamp concealment device must be installed so that 
the headlamp may be mounted, aimed, and adjusted without removing any 
component of the device, other than components of the headlamp 
assembly.
    S16.5 Except for cases of malfunction covered by S16.2, each 
headlamp concealment device must, within an ambient temperature range 
of -20[deg] F to +120[deg] F, be capable of being fully opened in not 
more than 3 seconds after the actuation of a driver-operated control.
    S16.6 As an alternative to complying with the requirements of S16.1 
through S16.5, a vehicle with headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/
optical aiming in accordance with this standard may meet the 
requirements for Concealable lamps in paragraph 5.14 of the following 
version of the Economic Commission for Europe Regulation 48 ``Uniform 
Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles With Regard to the 
Installation of Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices'': E/ECE/324-E/
ECE/ TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/Corr.2, 26 February 1996 (page 17), 
in the English language version. A copy of paragraph 5.14 may be 
reviewed at the DOT Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department of 
Transportation, Room PL-01, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 
20590-0001. Copies of E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/
Corr.2, 26 February 1996 may be obtained from the ECE Internet site: 
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs.html or by writing to: 
United Nations, Conference Services Division, Distribution and Sales 
Section, Office C.115-1, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10, 
Switzerland.
    S16.7 Certification election. Manufacturers of vehicles with 
headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/optical aiming must elect to 
certify to S16.1 through S16.5 or to S16.6 prior to, or at the time of 
certification of the vehicle, pursuant to 49 CFR part 567. The 
selection is irrevocable.
    S17 Headlamp marking requirements.
    S17.1 Trademark. The lens of each original and replacement 
equipment headlamp, and of each original and replacement equipment beam 
contributor must be marked with the name and/or trademark registered 
with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office of the manufacturer of such 
headlamp or beam contributor, of its importer, or any manufacturer of a 
vehicle equipped with such headlamp or beam contributor. Nothing in 
this standard authorizes the marking of any such name and/or trademark 
by one who is not the owner, unless the owner has consented to it.
    S17.2 Voltage and trade number. Each original and replacement 
equipment headlamp, and each original and replacement equipment beam 
contributor must be marked with its

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voltage and with its part or trade number.
    S17.3 Sealed beam headlamp markings. Each sealed beam headlamp lens 
must be molded with ``SEALED BEAM'' and the appropriate designation 
code as shown in Table II in characters no less than 6.35 mm in size. 
The face of any character molded on the surface of the lens must not be 
raised more than 0.5 mm above the lens surface. Type 1C1, 2C1, and 2D1 
headlamps must have no raised markings on the outside surface of the 
lens between the diameters of 40 mm and 90 mm about the lens center. 
Type 1A1, 2A1, 2B1, and 2E1 headlamps must have no raised markings on 
the outside surface of the lens within a diameter of 70 mm about the 
lens center. Type LF, UF, 1G1, 2G1, and 2H1 headlamps must have no 
raised markings on the outside surface of the lens within a diameter of 
35 mm about the lens center. A Type 1C1 headlamp may be marked ``1'' 
rather than ``1C1''. A Type 2C1 headlamp may be marked ``2'' rather 
than ``2C1''. A Type 2D1 headlamp may be marked ``TOP'' or ``2'' rather 
than ``2D1''.
    S17.4 Replaceable bulb headlamp markings. The lens of each 
replaceable bulb headlamp must bear permanent marking in front of each 
replaceable light source with which it is equipped that states either: 
The HB Type (if the light source conforms to S15 of this standard for 
filament light sources); or the bulb marking/designation provided in 
compliance with Section VIII of Appendix A of part 564 (if the light 
source conforms to S15 of this standard for discharge light sources).
    S17.5 Additional headlamp markings. Additional marking requirements 
for headlamps are found in S6.5, S10.4, S11.5, S13.4, S14.6, S14.8, and 
S14.10 of this standard.
    S18 Replaceable headlamp lens requirements. A replacement lens for 
a replaceable bulb headlamp or integral beam headlamp that is not 
required to have a bonded lens must be provided with a replacement seal 
in a package that includes instructions for the removal and replacement 
of the lens, the cleaning of the reflector, and the sealing of the 
replacement lens to the reflector assembly. Each replacement headlamp 
lens, when installed according to the lens manufacturer's instructions 
on an integral beam or replaceable bulb headlamp, must not cause the 
headlamp to fail to comply with any of the requirements of this 
standard. Each replacement headlamp lens must be marked with the symbol 
``DOT'' either horizontally or vertically, to constitute certification. 
Each replacement headlamp lens must also be marked with manufacturer 
and the part or trade number of the headlamp for which it is intended, 
and with the name and/or trademark of the lens manufacturer or importer 
that is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Nothing 
in this standard authorizes the marking of any such name and/or 
trademark by one who is not the owner, unless the owner has consented 
to it.

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BILLING CODE 4910-59-C

Appendix to Sec.  571.108: Table Of Contents

571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and associated 
equipment.
S1 Scope.
S2 Purpose.
S3 Application.
S4 Definitions.
S5 References to SAE publications.
S6 Vehicle requirements.
S6.1 Required lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment by 
vehicle type.
S6.1.1 Quantity.
S6.1.1.1 Conspicuity systems.
S6.1.1.2 High-mounted stop lamps.
S6.1.1.3 Truck tractor rear turn signal lamps.
S6.1.1.4 Hazard warning lamps.
S6.1.2 Color.
S6.1.3 Mounting location and height.
S6.1.3.1 Mounting height.
S6.1.3.2 High-mounted stop lamp.
S6.1.4 License plate lamp.
S6.1.5 Activation.
S6.1.5.1 Stop lamp activation.
S6.2 Impairment.
S6.2.4 Daytime running lamps.
S6.2.5 Auxiliary identification lamps.
S6.3 Equipment combinations.
S6.4 Visibility and aiming.
S6.4.1 Effective projected luminous lens area.
S6.4.2 Visibility.
S6.4.3 Visibility options.
S6.4.4 SAE visibility alternative.
S6.4.5 Low-mounted lamps.
S6.4.6 School bus signal lamp aiming.
S6.5 Marking.
S6.5.1 DOT marking.
S6.5.2 DRL marking.
S6.6 Associated equipment.
S6.6.1 License plate holder.
S6.7 Replacement equipment.
S6.7.1 Design to conform.
S6.8 Physical tests.
S6.8.2 Samples for test.
S6.8.3 Laboratory facilities.
S6.8.4 Plastic optical materials.
S6.8.5 Photometric testing.
S6.8.5.1 Photometry measurements for all lamps except license lamps, 
headlamps, and DRLs.
S6.8.5.1.1 Location of test points.
S6.8.5.1.2 Multiple compartment and multiple lamp photometry.
S6.8.5.2 Bulbs.
S6.8.5.3 License plate lamp photometry.
S6.8.5.3.1 Illumination surface.
S6.8.5.3.2 Test stations.
S6.8.5.4 Reflex reflector photometry.
S6.8.5.4.1 Reflex reflector and retroreflective sheeting photometry 
measurements.
S6.8.5.4.1.1 Reflex reflector photometry measurement adjustments.
S6.8.5.5 Daytime running lamp (DRL) photometry measurements.
S6.8.5.6 Headlamp photometry measurements.
S6.8.5.6.1 Seasoning and test voltage.
S6.8.5.6.2 Aiming.
S6.8.5.6.3 Positioner.
S6.8.5.6.4 Photometer.
S6.8.5.6.5 Location of test points.
S6.8.5.6.6 Beam contributor photometry.
S7 Signal lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment 
requirements.
S7.1 Turn signal lamps.
S7.1.1 Front turn signal lamps.
S7.1.1.1 Photometry.
S7.1.1.2 Spacing to other lamps.

[[Page 77553]]

S7.1.1.2.1 Spacing measurement for non-reflector lamps.
S7.1.1.2.2 Spacing measurement for lamps with reflectors.
S7.1.1.2.3 Spacing based photometric multipliers.
S7.1.1.3 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.1.1.3.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall 
width.
S7.1.1.3.2 Ratio to parking lamps and clearance lamps.
S7.1.2 Rear turn signal lamps.
S7.1.2.1 Photometry.
S7.1.2.2 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.1.2.2.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall 
width.
S7.1.2.3 Ratio to taillamps and clearance lamps.
S7.1.3 Physical tests.
S7.1.4 Combined lamp bulb indexing.
S7.2 Taillamps.
S7.2.1 Photometry.
S7.2.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.2.1.1.1 Taillamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm .or more in 
overall width.
S7.2.2 Physical tests.
S7.3 Stop lamps.
S7.3.1 Photometry.
S7.3.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.3.1.1.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall 
width.
S7.3.1.2 Ratio to taillamps.
S7.3.2 Physical tests.
S7.3.3 Combined lamp bulb indexing.
S7.4 Side marker lamps.
S7.4.1 Photometry.
S7.4.1.1 Inboard photometry.
S7.4.2 Physical tests.
S7.5 Clearance and identification lamps.
S7.5.1 Photometry.
S7.5.2 Physical tests.
S7.6 Backup lamps.
S7.6.1 Photometry.
S7.6.2 Color.
S7.6.3 Physical tests.
S7.7 License plate lamps.
S7.7.1 Installation.
S7.7.1.1 Incident light from single lamp.
S7.7.1.2 Incident light from multiple lamps.
S7.7.2 Photometry.
S7.7.3 Physical tests.
S7.8 Parking lamps.
S7.8.1 Photometry.
S7.8.2 Physical tests.
S7.9 High mounted stop lamps.
S7.9.1 Accessibility.
S7.9.2 Interior mounting.
S7.9.3 Photometry.
S7.9.4 Physical tests.
S7.10 Reflex reflectors.
S7.10.1 Photometry.
S7.10.1.1 Alternative side reflex reflector.
S7.10.2 Physical tests.
S7.11 Daytime running lamps (DRL).
S7.11.1 Photometry.
S7.11.2 Spacing to turn signal lamps.
S7.11.3 Physical tests.
S7.12 Conspicuity systems.
S7.12.1 Retroreflective sheeting.
S7.12.1.1 Certification marking.
S7.12.1.2 Photometry.
S7.12.2 Conspicuity reflex reflectors.
S7.12.2.1 Certification marking.
S7.12.2.2 Photometry.
S7.13 School bus signal lamps.
S7.13.1 Photometry.
S7.13.2 Physical tests.
S7.14 Associated equipment.
S7.14.1 Turn signal operating unit.
S7.14.2 Turn signal flasher.
S7.14.3 Turn signal pilot indicator.
S7.14.3.1 Indicator size and color.
S7.14.3.2 Turn signal lamp failure.
S7.14.4 Headlamp beam switching device.
S7.14.4.1 Semi-automatic headlamp beam switching device.
S7.14.4.1.1 Operating instructions.
S7.14.4.1.2 Manual override.
S7.14.4.1.3 Fail-safe operation.
S7.14.4.1.4 Automatic dimming indicator.
S7.14.4.1.5 Lens accessibility.
S7.14.4.1.6 Mounting height.
S7.14.5 Upper beam headlamp indicator.
S7.14.5.1 Indicator size and location.
S7.14.6 Vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit.
S7.14.6.1 Operating unit switch.
S7.14.7 Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher.
S7.14.8 Vehicular hazard warning signal pilot indicator.
S7.14.8.1 Indicator size and color.
S8 Headlighting system requirements.
S8.1 Headlighting systems.
S8.1.1 Headlighting system type.
S8.1.2 Headlamp category.
S8.1.3 Vertical headlamp arrangement.
S8.1.4 Horizontal headlamp arrangement.
S8.1.5 Headlamp adjustments.
S8.2 Simultaneous beam activation.
S9 Sealed beam headlamp requirements.
S9.1 Installation.
S9.2 Simultaneous aim.
S9.3 Photometry.
S9.4 Physical tests.
S10 Integral beam headlamp requirements.
S10.1 Installation.
S10.2 Aimability.
S10.3 Simultaneous aim.
S10.4 Markings.
S10.5 Additional light sources.
S10.6 Photometry.
S10.7 Physical tests.
S11 Replaceable light source headlamp requirements.
S11.1 Installation.
S11.2 Aiming restrictions.
S11.3 Additional light sources.
S11.4 Replacement equipment.
S11.5 Markings.
S11.6 Photometry.
S11.7 Physical tests.
S12 Combination headlamp requirements.
S12.1 Installation.
S12.2 Photometry.
S12.3 Physical tests.
S13 Motorcycle headlamp requirements.
S13.1 Headlamp installation.
S13.1.1 Single headlamp.
S13.1.2 Two headlamps with both beams.
S13.1.3 Two headlamps, upper beam and lower beam.
S13.2 Photometry.
S13.3 Physical tests.
S13.4 Motorcycle replaceable bulb headlamp marking.
S13.5 Motorcycle headlamp modulation system.
S13.5.1 Modulation.
S13.5.2 Replacement modulators.
S13.5.2.1 Replacement performance.
S13.5.2.2 Replacement instructions.
S14 Aimability performance requirements.
S14.1 Headlamp mounting and aiming.
S14.2 Headlamp obstructions.
S14.3. Headlamp aiming systems.
S14.4 Aim adjustment interaction.
S14.5 Horizontal adjustment--visually aimed headlamp.
S14.6 Optical axis marking.
S14.6.1 Optical axis marking--vehicle.
S14.6.2 Optical axis marking--lamp.
S14.6.3 Optical axis marking--visual aim headlamp.
S14.7 Moveable reflectors.
S14.8 External aiming.
S14.8.1 Headlamp aiming device locating plates.
S14.8.2 Nonadjustable headlamp aiming device locating plates.
S14.9 On-vehicle aiming.
S14.9.1 Aim.
S14.9.1.1 Vertical aim.
S14.9.1.2 Horizontal aim.
S14.9.2 Aiming instructions.
S14.9.3 Permanent calibration.
S14.9.4 Replacement units.
S14.9.5 Physical tests.
S14.10 Visual/optical aiming.
S14.10.1 Vertical aim, lower beam.
S14.10.1.1 Vertical position of the cutoff.
S14.10.1.2 Vertical gradient.
S14.10.1.3 Horizontal position of the cutoff.
S14.10.1.4 Maximum inclination of the cutoff.
S14.10.1.5 Measuring the cutoff parameter.
S14.10.2 Horizontal aim, lower beam.
S14.10.3 Vertical aim, upper beam.
S14.10.4 Horizontal aim, upper beam.
S14.10.5 Photometric measurements.
S14.10.6 Visual/optical identification marking.
S15 Replaceable light source requirements
S15.1 Markings.
S15.2 Power and flux measurement.
S15.3 Power and flux measurement.
S15.4 Ballast markings.
S15.5 Gas discharge laboratory life.
S15.6 Physical tests.
S16 Headlamp concealment device requirements.
S16.7 Certification election.
S17 Headlamp marking requirements.
S17.1 Trademark.
S17.2 Voltage and trade number.
S17.3 Sealed beam headlamp markings.
S17.4 Replaceable bulb headlamp markings.
S17.5 Additional headlamp markings.
S18 Replaceable headlamp lens requirements.

    Issued: December 20, 2005.
Stephen R. Kratzke,
Associate Administrator for Rulemaking.


    Note: The following appendices will not appear in the Code of 
Federal Regulations.

BILLING CODE 4910-59-P

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BILLING CODE 4910-59-C

                       Appendix C: List of Figures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          FIGURE NO.                              TITLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................  CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM [SAE J578c, FEB
                                 1977, FIGURE 1].
2.............................  FLASHER PERFORMANCE CHART [SAE J590b,
                                 OCT 1965, FIGURE 1].
3.............................  REPLACEABLE BULB HEADLAMP AIM PADS
                                 [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIG. 4-1 TO 4-4].
4.............................  HEADLAMP CONNECTOR TEST SETUP [SAE J580,
                                 DEC 1986, FIGURE 1].
5.............................  HEADLAMP ABRASION TEST FIXTURE [CURRENT
                                 FMVSS 108 FIGURE 5].
6.............................  THERMAL CYCLE TEST PROFILE [CURRENT
                                 FMVSS 108 FIGURE 6].
7.............................  DIRT/AMBIENT TEST SETUP [CURRENT
                                 FMVSS108 FIGURE 7].
8.............................  REPLACEABLE BULB DEFLECTION TEST SETUP
                                 [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 8].
9.............................  ENVIROMENTAL TEST PROFILE [CURRENT
                                 FMVSS108 FIGURE 9].
10............................  HEADLAMP REPLACEABLE BULB PRESSURE TEST
                                 SETUP [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE 25].
11............................  TRAILER CONSPICUITY TREATMENT EXAMPLES
                                 [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURES 30-1 TO 30-
                                 4].
12-1..........................  TRAILER CONSPICUITY DETAIL I [NEW].
12-2..........................  TRAILER CONSPICUITY DETAIL II [NEW].
13............................  TRACTOR CONSPICUITY TREATMENT EXAMPLES
                                 [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE 31].
14............................  92 x 150 HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION TEST
                                 SETUP [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE 16].
15............................  TYPES G AND H HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION
                                 TEST SETUP [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE
                                 22].
16............................  TYPES A AND E HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION
                                 TEST SETUP [SAE J580, DEC 1986, FIGURE
                                 3].
17............................  TYPE B HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION TEST
                                 SETUP [SAE J580, DEC 1986, FIGURE 4].
18............................  TYPES C AND D HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION
                                 TEST SETUP [SAE J580, DEC 1986, FIGURE
                                 2].
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Figures to Incorporate in 49 CFR Part 564 Appendix C

LF HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 11]
UF HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 12]
LF/UF MOUNTING FEATURES [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 13]
LF/UF MOUNTING RING [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 14]
TYPE G & H HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108 
FIGURE 18]
TYPE G & H HEADLAMP MOUNTING INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 
21]
TYPE 1A1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, 
FIGURE 11]
TYPE 2A1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, 
FIGURE 10]
TYPE 2B1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, 
FIGURE 13]
TYPE 1C1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, 
FIGURE 7]
TYPE 2C1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, 
FIGURE 8]
TYPE 2D1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, 
FIGURE 5]
TYPE 2E1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, 
FIGURE 15]

[[Page 77599]]

TYPES 1A1, 2A1, AND 2E1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL 
INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 12]
TYPE 2B1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION 
[SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 14]
TYPES 1C1 AND 2C1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL 
INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 9]
TYPE 2D1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION 
[SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 6]

[FR Doc. 05-24421 Filed 12-29-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P