[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 229 (Wednesday, November 30, 2005)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 72024-72052]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-23387]



[[Page 72023]]

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Part IV





Department of Housing and Urban Development





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24 CFR Part 3280



Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 229 / Wednesday, November 30, 2005 / 
Rules and Regulations  

[[Page 72024]]


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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

24 CFR Part 3280

[Docket No. FR-4886-F-02]
RIN 2502-AI12


Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards

AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal Housing 
Commissioner, HUD.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule amends the Federal Manufactured Home Construction 
and Safety Standards (the Construction and Safety Standards) by 
adopting certain recommendations made to HUD by the Manufactured 
Housing Consensus Committee (MHCC). As required by the National 
Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 (the 
Act), HUD published, in the Federal Register on December 1, 2004, the 
first group of recommendations submitted by MHCC to improve various 
aspects of the Construction and Safety Standards. HUD, in publishing 
MHCC's recommendations in the proposed rule, indicated its agreement 
with all but a few of MHCC's proposals, and most of the recommendations 
are included in the final rule. HUD has also identified in this final 
rule those MHCC proposals that were not accepted by HUD, returned to 
MHCC for further consideration, or modified by HUD in light of public 
comments received.

DATES: Effective Date: May 30, 2006. The incorporation by reference of 
certain publications in this rule is approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register as of May 30, 2006.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: William W. Matchneer III, Associate 
Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Regulatory Affairs and 
Manufactured Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 
Seventh Street, SW., Room 9162, Washington DC 20410; telephone (202) 
708-6401 (this is not a toll-free number). Persons with hearing or 
speech impairments may access this number via TTY by calling the toll-
free Federal Information Relay Service at (800) 877-8389.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    On December 1, 2004, at 69 FR 70016, HUD published a proposed rule 
to amend various sections of the Federal Manufactured Home Construction 
and Safety Standards (24 CFR part 3280) by adopting a majority of the 
recommendations made to HUD by MHCC. The National Manufactured Housing 
Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C. 5401-5426 (the 
Act), requires HUD to publish any proposed revised Construction and 
Safety Standards submitted by MHCC in the Federal Register. The 
proposed rule contained the recommended revisions (including the 
recommendations made by MHCC that HUD modified, accepted, or did not 
accept) and provided an opportunity for public comment.
    HUD will continue to work with MHCC on its recommendation to remove 
the current requirement to post a Health Notice on formaldehyde 
emissions in each manufactured home. In addition, HUD is making the 
following significant changes to the proposed rule, based on the public 
comments, in this final rule:
    (1) The proposed revisions to improve the truss testing 
requirements in Sec.  3280.402 have been removed and are being returned 
to MHCC for further consideration on the recommendation of the 
commenters and at the request of MHCC.
    (2) Limited exceptions to the 5.0 perm requirements for interior 
wall surfaces of up to 50 square feet are permitted by the final rule 
for homes designed to be sited in hot-humid climates.
    (3) Updates to a number of the standards incorporated by reference 
that are more current than were suggested in the proposed rule are 
included in the final rule.

II. Analysis of Public Comments

The Commenters

    HUD received 26 public comments on the proposed rule. Comments were 
received from MHCC; manufactured home builders; a state's Department of 
Community and Economic Development; an independent inspection agency 
with experience in manufactured home design; a propane gas trade 
association; an energy efficiency alliance; a state and a national 
manufactured housing association; and associations representing 
particleboard, hardboard, and fiberboard manufacturers.

Summary of Public Comments

    The summary of public comments that follows presents the major 
issues and questions raised by the public commenters on the December 1, 
2004, proposed rule. The headings present the issue or question 
addressed, followed by a brief description of the commenters' 
reasoning. A response may be applicable to one or more issues or 
questions. The summary of the public comments is organized as follows:
    General comments.
    Whole-house ventilation comments.
    Fireblocking comments.
    Body and frame requirement comments.
    Formaldehyde health notice comments.
    Roof truss testing requirement comments.
    Thermal protection comments.
    Plumbing system comments.
    Heating, cooling, and fuel burning requirement comments.
    Electrical systems comments.
    Comments regarding revisions to standards incorporated by 
reference.
    Other public comments.
    Comments of the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee.

General Comments

    Several commenters explained that they were encouraged that HUD and 
MHCC were working together to update the Construction and Safety 
Standards. Most commenters were very specific in commenting on 
particular amendments in the proposed rule.
    Commenters most often discussed the Department's decision not to 
delete the requirement for posting of a Health Notice on formaldehyde 
emissions in each manufactured home, the proposed amendments to the 
testing requirements for roof trusses, and the provisions for 
condensation control in hot-humid climates.
    Additional comments referred to whole-house ventilation systems, 
fireblocking requirements, vapor retarder installation requirements, 
flow faucet and showerhead restrictions, water heater drain pan 
requirements, revisions to the standards incorporated by reference, and 
metric equivalent requirements. Commenters also submitted comments on 
whether the approval of alternative test methods should be solely the 
responsibility of Design Approval Primary Inspection Agencies (DAPIAs), 
or whether DAPIAs should provisionally approve alternative test methods 
subject to HUD's approval.

Whole-House Ventilation Comments

    The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.103(b) by simplifying the requirements for sizing whole-house 
ventilation systems of manufactured homes.
    Comment: The current requirement for balanced mechanical 
ventilation systems should not be deleted. Two commenters wrote that 
permitting any pressure imbalance provides the opportunity for unwanted 
humid air infiltration and would be detrimental to homes sited in 
Thermal Zone I.

[[Page 72025]]

    HUD Response: The final rule does not eliminate the requirement for 
balanced mechanical systems. Retention of the requirement in the final 
rule better ensures that unwanted air infiltration is not introduced 
into the home. A HUD study entitled, ``Alternatives for Minimizing 
Moisture Problems in Hot, Humid Climates (2003)'' found that the most 
significant factors contributing to moisture problems were pressure 
imbalances in a house, including imbalances caused by uneven 
distribution of conditioned air; duct air leakage; and leakage through 
building walls.
    Comment: There is no requirement for additional fresh air to be 
introduced into the home for the whole-house ventilation system.
    HUD Response: There is sufficient leakage around the envelope of 
even a ``tight'' home to alleviate any pressure difference between the 
exterior and the interior of the home, and there is no need for an 
additional air inlet to be provided to moderate any imbalance in 
pressure resulting from operating a small exhaust fan device. 
Information provided to the Department by the Manufactured Home 
Research Alliance that was collected for the Energy Star Program also 
indicates there is sufficient leakage, even in tight homes, to handle 
any imbalance in pressure caused by the whole-house ventilation system.
    Comment: Locating the whole-house ventilation system in the 
bathroom is not a good idea. Two commenters wrote that consumers, 
attempting to lower their electric bills, will not operate bathroom 
fans as often as necessary and the effectiveness of the fans will thus 
be limited. One commenter wrote that the proposed change requires 
consumer education on the topic of the whole-house ventilation system.
    HUD Response: The alternative permitting the whole-house 
ventilation system to be installed in the bathroom is not included in 
the final rule. The Department agrees with the commenters that 
consumers may not utilize the bathroom fans often enough and has 
deleted this alternative for whole-house ventilation from the final 
rule.
    Comment: Whole-house ventilation is a good idea. One commenter 
wrote that the proposed rule would improve indoor air-quality, reduce 
energy consumption associated with mechanical ventilation systems, and 
provide crucial consumer education. Proper consumer use of quiet, 
reliable whole-house exhaust fans will reduce mold problems associated 
with internally generated moisture, and indoor air pollutant 
concentrations. The proposed whole-house ventilation strategy has been 
successfully employed in over 100,000 HUD-code homes built in the 
Pacific Northwest.
    HUD Response: The Department agrees that the concept of effective 
whole-house ventilation is an effective strategy to improve indoor air 
quality overall and that the revisions to the current requirements will 
further assist consumers in dealing with unwanted moisture and indoor 
air pollutants in their homes.

Fireblocking Comments

    The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.206 by clarifying existing language, locations, and acceptable 
materials that may be used where fireblocking is required. However, HUD 
had proposed modification of a portion of MHCC's proposal that would 
have permitted mineral wool or loose fill insulation to be considered 
acceptable fireblocking material.
    Comment: HUD should adopt MHCC's recommendations allowing the 
alternative fireblocking materials. One commenter wrote that HUD stated 
the removal of the recommended language allowing mineral wool and loose 
fill as acceptable fireblocking material was because these types of 
insulation have not been adequately evaluated for transportation 
effects that could cause settling or shifting when installed around 
pipes or vents in furnace and water heater compartments. The commenter 
wrote that the original MHCC recommendation addressed these concerns 
with alternative wording. The commenter recommended allowing the use of 
the fireblocking alternatives when the manufacturer can demonstrate the 
materials will remain in place. Another commenter wrote that HUD 
modified MHCC's recommendation by totally rejecting the inclusion of 
loose fill insulation as fireblocking material not only in roofs, but 
in walls and floors as well. The same commenter felt that MHCC's 
recommendations would address HUD's concerns about the material staying 
in place during transportation, etc., as long as the materials would 
have to pass tests that address HUD's concerns before they could be 
used. A third commenter wrote that HUD should reconsider its rejection 
of the use of mineral wool or loose fill insulation as an acceptable 
fireblocking material, because technical data shows that such material, 
when properly installed to a specified R value, is effective when used 
as fireblocking.
    Two commenters wrote that they supported fireblocking because it 
brings the Construction and Safety Standards into closer consistency 
with other building codes.
    HUD Response: The final rule includes all of the provisions for 
permitting fireblocking that were identified in the proposed rule and 
does not include requirements for loose fill insulation to be used as 
an alternative fireblocking material. However, in view of the comments 
received, the Department would reconsider its position to permit loose 
fill insulation to be used as fireblocking, if an acceptable testing 
procedure could be developed by MHCC or a voluntary consensus 
organization.

Body and Frame Requirement Comments

A. Body and Frame Requirements--Alternative Test Procedures
    The December 1, 2004, proposal would have amended Sec.  3280.303(g) 
by eliminating the requirement that a manufacturer submit alternative 
testing procedures to HUD, except for testing methods involving one-
piece metal roofing as would be required in Sec.  3280.305(c)(1)(iii). 
HUD sought comments specifically on whether the final approval of 
alternative test methods should be solely the responsibility of DAPIAs 
or whether DAPIAs should only be allowed to provisionally approve the 
test method subject to HUD's approval.
    Comment: DAPIAs should be allowed to approve alternate test 
methods. One commenter wrote that MHCC unanimously approved delegating 
approval to DAPIAs in its recommendation to HUD and still stands by 
that position. The commenter explained that HUD currently relies on 
DAPIAs to review and accept or reject all drawings, calculations, etc., 
supplied by the manufacturer for the home design. Another commenter 
stated that current regulations at Sec. Sec.  3282.203(b)(11) and 
3282.361(b)(2) require the homebuilder to submit reports for all tests 
and submit all design drawings and that Sec.  3282.203(c) provides the 
necessary regulations to carry out the quality assurance manual 
approvals, such as review and approval of the designs, testing, etc., 
used by manufacturers to build according to the Construction and Safety 
Standards. Commenters noted that they believe this authorization to be 
in line with current DAPIA authority and that HUD has sufficient 
remedies under the regulations to deal with a DAPIA's poor performance 
in any area of responsibility. Two commenters also wrote that it 
sometimes takes an extremely long period of time for HUD

[[Page 72026]]

to finally approve a suggested new method, thereby holding up the 
implementation of the material, component, or system being proposed by 
a manufacturer, and that DAPIAs are the most likely group to make 
informed decisions since they are familiar with the particular 
manufacturer and its design process. Another commenter wrote that 
``[i]n a word, the system was working fine before HUD added this pre-
approval criteria to 303(g) about 10 years ago and it will work fine 
once this item is eliminated.'' Another commenter explained that HUD 
should consider the changes in the law contained in the amendments made 
to the Act. Specifically, section 604(b)(3) of the Act calls for MHCC 
review of ``interpretative bulletins.'' Requiring HUD staff to pre-
approve these test procedures could be considered equivalent to the 
issuance of interpretative bulletins. Another commenter wrote that HUD 
has interpreted Sec.  3280.303(g) to mean that only manufacturers, not 
suppliers, can request such testing work be done. That has necessitated 
suppliers having to ``recruit'' cooperative manufacturers to 
``sponsor'' the test requests for the benefit of the industry. This has 
caused unnecessary delay that could be eliminated by DAPIAs simply 
working with the technical staff of a supplier to develop a 
``universally acceptable'' test protocol.
    One commenter wrote that HUD should review all alternative testing 
procedures prior to their implementation.
    HUD Response: The Department generally agrees with the commenters 
regarding the use of DAPIAs to approve other alternative test methods 
and procedures developed by manufacturers. As HUD has no regulatory 
authority over suppliers, the final rule continues to require 
manufacturers to develop the alternative testing procedures. 
Accordingly, the final rule allows DAPIAs to approve alternative 
testing procedures developed by manufacturers and for the procedures to 
thereby become part of the manufacturer's approved designs, except for 
testing procedures for one-piece metal roofing system designs. (See the 
discussion below under ``B. Body and Frame Requirements--Structural 
Design Requirements'' regarding testing procedures for one-piece metal 
roofing systems.)
B. Body and Frame Requirements--Structural Design Requirements
    1. The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.305(c)(1)(ii) by adding a footnote to permit the use of certain 
one-piece metal roofing without structural sheathing in the high Wind 
Zones II and III. HUD proposed to modify MHCC's recommendation for one-
piece metal roofing installed in high wind areas to be consistent with 
Interpretative Bulletin (IB) I-2-98 by requiring prior Departmental 
approval of any testing procedures used to demonstrate the 
acceptability of such systems.
    Comment: HUD should not have modified MHCC's recommendation for 
adding footnote 9 to the Table in Sec.  3280.305(c)(1)(ii) for one-
piece metal roofing and should not have required the testing procedures 
for these systems to be subject to HUD approval. Two commenters wrote 
that HUD has modified MHCC's proposal and in so doing would destroy the 
original intent of MHCC's recommendation. The commenters explained that 
HUD states it is modifying MHCC's proposal to make it more consistent 
with IB I-2-98, but the intent of MHCC's proposal was to eliminate the 
IB by rendering it null and void, not to conform to it. The commenters 
wrote that HUD had received 12 comments on the IB, all of which were 
negative; however, HUD ignored all comments and issued the IB as 
proposed. The commenters wrote that the addition of the language in the 
footnote is confusing, because all test methods are already required to 
comply with Sec.  3280.303(c) and (g) and Sec.  3280.401; thus, the 
addition of this language serves no purpose. HUD is trying to re-impose 
the same pre-approval of test methods that would be eliminated by Sec.  
3280.303(g) in the proposed rule. There is no valid reason for such 
pre-approval by HUD. The Department's proposal lacks justification as 
to why it believes pre-approval by its staff for this product/design is 
necessary when it is agreeing to eliminate pre-approval for all other 
current/future products and designs by changing Sec.  3280.303(g). The 
one-piece metal roof catenary design is much stronger than the 
prescriptive roof sheathing option currently permitted by footnote 7 to 
the Table for Resisting Uplift Loads.
    HUD Response: The final rule continues to require HUD approval of 
testing procedures for one-piece metal roofing due to the large number 
of failures of these systems that occurred in the 2004 hurricanes in 
Florida. However, the requirements will be contained in Sec.  
3280.305(c)(1)(iii) of the Construction and Safety Standards rather 
than in a footnote to the Table of Design Wind Pressures as indicated 
in the preamble of the proposed rule. Presently, there is no recognized 
or available testing procedure that will comprehensively and adequately 
evaluate the dynamic and fluctuating loading effects of the wind on the 
metal roof membrane and its fasteners to resist and their resistance to 
the applied stresses and forces on these elements in high wind areas. 
In addition, in the Department's report on damage assessment to 
manufactured homes caused by Hurricane Charley, it was noted that the 
roof and walls performed significantly better for the post-1994 homes, 
in which metal roofing systems were not used, as compared to homes 
constructed prior to the effective date of the standards for high wind 
protection. The State of Florida also concluded from its field 
investigations following last year's devastating hurricanes, that one-
piece membrane roofs did not perform well, that inadequate fastening of 
metal roofs allowed a large percentage of them to be blown off 
manufactured homes that were built prior to the implementation of the 
wind standards in 1994. This, the State said, may have led to the total 
loss of these homes. HUD engineers inspecting the damage caused by the 
hurricanes in Florida also observed numerous failures of metal roofing 
systems used in pre-1994 constructed homes. In view of the above 
concerns, the final rule requires HUD approval of test methods for one-
piece metal roofing systems. However, the Department would be willing 
to reconsider this decision, if a voluntary consensus test standard 
were to be developed that would adequately assess the wind effects on 
one-piece metal roofing membranes and their fastenings.
    2. The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.305(c)(3) by incorporating a new paragraph (iv) to add a roof load 
requirement for skylights of the zone for which it is designed.
    Comment: The skylight load requirements described in Sec.  
3280.305(c)(3) are a good idea. Two commenters wrote that the skylight 
load requirements establish necessary performance requirements for 
skylights.
    HUD Response: The Department agrees and is including the proposed 
roof load performance requirements for skylights in this final rule.
    3. The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.305(e) by clarifying the required performance of fasteners and the 
connecting mechanisms for joining the major structural elements of 
manufactured homes, and would specify a continuous load path for 
imposed forces to the home's foundation/anchorage system.
    Comment: The load path for foundation and anchorage systems 
described in Sec.  3280.305(e)(1) is a good

[[Page 72027]]

idea. One commenter wrote that the proposal for foundation and 
anchorage systems provides consistency within the industry.
    HUD Response: The Department agrees and is including the proposed 
revision to the current requirements for fastening of structural 
systems in the final rule.
    4. The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.305(e)(2) by reducing the minimum thickness requirements for steel 
strapping or brackets required in Wind Zones II and III from 26 gauge 
(0.0179'') to 0.016''.
    Comment: The proposed reduction in steel strapping requirements 
described in Sec.  3280.305(e)(2) should be accepted and additional 
testing is not needed. One commenter wrote that additional requirements 
for testing in high wind regions are not required and should not be 
imposed. The commenter wrote that past instances of staples 
inadvertently driving through metal strapping of lesser thickness may 
reoccur should this proposal go into effect. One commenter asked if the 
DAPIA accepts these design changes to reduce the minimum thickness of 
steel strapping for Wind Zones II or III, then why would additional 
testing to verify changes of this nature be required? As long as the 
DAPIA is satisfied, there should be no reason to require further 
testing. Two other commenters recommended that the final rule does not 
need to require ``suitable load testing.'' HUD has always allowed 
calculations and analyses to be used instead of testing. Testing, while 
more specific than calculations, is generally less conservative. It is 
generally understood that HUD will not allow testing of simple 
assemblies that can be easily calculated. Some of the connections used 
in high wind regions would fall into this situation and need to be 
calculated anyway. This change is also consistent with the preference 
to use ``performance requirements'' set forth in Sec.  3280.1. Another 
commenter wrote that a manufacturer should be allowed to choose to 
utilize larger brackets, more fasteners, and stronger strapping to 
allow for greater spacing of the anchors and should not be penalized 
through prescriptive requirements. Another commenter wrote that it is 
not clear why critical connections cannot be justified by calculations 
or tests acceptable to the DAPIA and that it may be confusing as to 
which connections are ``critical,'' since it would seem that most 
connections are critical for all wind zones. The Manufactured Home 
Construction and Safety Standards already require a Professional 
Engineer or Architect to seal all Wind Zone II/III calculations, tests, 
and details.
    HUD Response: The final rule permits the use of thinner .016 inch 
steel strapping or engineered connectors provided they are installed at 
24 inches on center in Wind Zone II and 16 inches on center in Wind 
Zone III. The final rule also permits a combination of strapping or 
engineered connectors and structural rated sheathing or structural 
rated wall sheathing alone when it overlaps the roof and/or floor and 
is substantiated by either engineering calculations or suitable load to 
tests.
    5. The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.305(g)(3) by requiring wood panel products used as floor or 
subfloor materials on the exterior of the home to be rated for exterior 
exposure and be protected from moisture by sealing or applying 
nonabsorbent overlay with water resistant adhesive.
    Comment: The floor rating and moisture requirements described in 
Sec.  3280.305(g)(3) are not a good idea. One commenter wrote that the 
proposed body and frame requirements will not provide the protection 
desired. The exterior rated floor materials provide protection only 
during the construction process. Therefore, the sought-after extended 
life of the material is not achieved.
    HUD Response: The final rule requires wood panel products used as 
flooring or sub-flooring on the exterior of the home to be rated for 
exterior exposure and be protected from moisture by sealing or by 
applying a nonabsorbent overlay with a water resistant adhesive. HUD 
does not agree with the commenter regarding the extent or period of 
protection from the requirement that panels be exterior rated, as these 
panels will require the use of moisture-resistant adhesives in their 
construction that will enhance their durability. These added provisions 
will also provide protection against deterioration of exterior floor 
decking materials that are exposed to moisture. In particular, when 
materials such as particleboard become saturated with moisture, 
significant structural damage can occur. In addition, the requirement 
that panel products be rated for exterior exposure will assist in 
identifying those materials that are suitable for use in exterior 
applications.
    6. The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.306(b) by requiring that each column support pier location 
required along the marriage line(s) of multi-section manufactured homes 
be identified at each location by paint, label, or other acceptable 
methods.
    Comment: Identifying the marriage column support locations as 
described in Sec.  3280.306(b) is not a good idea. One commenter stated 
that the drawings and specifications provided with each home already 
show the required locations for the centerline pier supports and are 
available to the retailer, installer, and consumer prior to the 
delivery of the home. The foundations or support systems for today's 
multiple section manufactured homes are largely prepared before the 
arrival of the home on the home site. Thus, the markings and their 
associated costs will be fundamentally wasted. The proposal would 
further require that the marking be visible after the home is installed 
even though properly placed foundation supports will mask the markers 
from view. This change would place too much reliance on the correct 
placement of the proposed markers.
    Two commenters wrote that identifying the marriage column support 
locations described in Sec.  3280.306(b) is a good idea and that the 
recommendation will improve home installation compliance and 
subsequently improve the longevity of manufactured homes at a minimal 
cost to the homeowner. Marriage wall column support location errors are 
one of the major problems found during installation inspection. One of 
the commenters also wrote that the requirements would improve home 
installation compliance and subsequently improve the longevity of 
manufactured homes at a minimal cost to homeowners. In addition, 
members of the DAPIA Technical Advisory Group, at its March 2005 
meeting, recommended that other pier locations, such as perimeter and 
shear wall support locations required by the manufacturer's designs and 
instructions, also be identified.
    HUD Response: The final rule requires identification of each column 
pier support location along the marriage line, as well as for each pier 
location required along the perimeter of the home, each required shear 
wall support location, and other special pier support locations 
specified in the manufacturer's instructions.

Formaldehyde Health Notice Comments

    HUD did not accept and include in the December 1, 2004, proposed 
rule, MHCC's recommendation that would have removed the Health Notice 
on formaldehyde emissions (the Health Notice) currently required by 
Sec.  3280.309 of the Construction and Safety Standards.
    Comment: The decision to continue to post the Health Notice in each 
manufactured home as described in

[[Page 72028]]

Sec.  3280.309 is contradictory to MHCC's recommendation. One commenter 
wrote that HUD rejected the proposed MHCC recommendation not to 
prominently display the Health Notice in each manufactured home. The 
commenter stated that, contrary to HUD's assertion that MHCC did not 
provide any data supporting its recommendation to remove the 
requirement, MHCC discussed this issue with HUD at MHCC meetings in 
2004, and reviewed several documents related to formaldehyde. The 
commenter stressed that it is not recommending any changes to the 
current standards regarding the formaldehyde emission controls; the 
commenter is only recommending changes to the Health Notice. The 
commenter continued by stating that all of this information was 
considered by MHCC in coming to its decision to require that the Health 
Notice on formaldehyde be placed in the homeowner's packet rather than 
having it prominently displayed in the home.
    A commenter wrote that the decision to continue to post the Health 
Notice in each manufactured home as described in Sec.  3280.309 
stigmatizes the manufactured home industry. The commenter is 
disappointed that HUD did not issue for public comment the proposal to 
eliminate the requirement for the Health Notice to be placed in 
manufactured homes. Manufactured homes are the only homes in America 
that must display these notices and they stigmatize manufactured homes. 
Another commenter wrote that the formaldehyde notice serves only as a 
sales deterrent, while contributing to existing misunderstanding by the 
public regarding health-related issues associated with formaldehyde. 
The commenter urged HUD to reevaluate its decision on the Health Notice 
and put it forth for another round of public comment. One commenter 
wrote that this notice shouldn't be displayed so prominently and asked, 
``Why should it be the first thing a prospective buyer sees when they 
enter a new manufactured home?'' Another commenter wrote that for the 
past 20 years formaldehyde levels in manufactured housing have declined 
so that they are no higher than in any other residential structure. The 
manufactured home product and materials used to construct it have 
progressed to the point where the need for a displayed Health Notice 
``only contributes to the public's notion that manufactured homes are 
somehow ``inferior'' to other types of housing.'' Other commenters 
suggested that if such a warning is still deemed necessary, then the 
warning should be included in the Homeowner's Manual with an 
explanation that all homes contain some amounts of formaldehyde.
    Some commenters wrote that the decision to continue to post the 
Health Notice in manufactured homes as described in Sec.  3280.309 
ignores current and available scientific evidence that formaldehyde 
emissions have been greatly reduced. HUD should reconsider its 
rejection of MHCC's proposal in light of current research that is 
available to support MHCC's recommendation. Specifically, three 
commenters wrote that the Manufactured Housing Research Alliance (MHRA) 
has produced the most recent and up-to-date study on the health risks 
of formaldehyde in manufactured homes. ``Formaldehyde Concentrations in 
Manufactured Homes: The Current Situation'' (July 2004) investigates 
this issue from several different aspects and shows that formaldehyde 
should no longer pose any greater concern than in conventional housing. 
One commenter continued by stating that ``[e]ven though it is only one 
paper, it is a summation of many other studies that are more current 
than the ones used by HUD almost 20 years ago when the notice became 
part of the Standards.'' The commenter wrote that the language of the 
Health Notice refers to the Ventilation Option, which was deleted in 
1994. This Ventilation Option, formerly Sec.  3280.710(g), was replaced 
by the Additional Ventilation requirement in Sec.  3280.103(b). Another 
commenter wrote that consumer formaldehyde complaints have been 
essentially eliminated. Another commenter wrote that it is ``common 
knowledge'' that formaldehyde emissions in manufactured homes have been 
dramatically reduced since the requirement for the Health Notice was 
first imposed. Additionally, the commenter claimed that HUD implied 
that only manufactured homes are permitted to use construction 
materials containing urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, and that this 
assertion is untrue as the commenter is not aware of such a restriction 
for modular or site-built homes. One commenter stated that the removal 
of the Health Notice would likely be supported by the findings in 
National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) IAQ 
manufactured housing research with HUD's Healthy Homes Program and 
asked whether HUD consulted with NIST before rejecting MHCC's proposal.
    Two commenters submitted six points to illustrate that data does 
exist showing that formaldehyde levels in today's manufactured homes 
have changed in the 20 years since Department regulations were 
implemented. Specifically, the six reasons listed are: (1) Gypsum 
wallboard has replaced the UF bonded plywood as the interior wall 
covering of choice; (2) maximum formaldehyde emissions from UF bonded 
plywood and particleboard wood product materials has been drastically 
reduced; (3) the HUD Code is the only model building code that 
regulates formaldehyde emissions levels, which makes it not likely that 
either manufactured home builders or homebuyers would develop a rare 
nasal cancer; (4) the HUD Code ventilation requirements increase the 
volume of indoor air exhausted from the home, which can dilute any 
indoor air pollutants; (5) one of the original reasons for singling out 
HUD Code homes as having formaldehyde problems was the small home size; 
now, however, as floor size increases, the volume of air in the living 
space increases, and the dilution of air borne contaminants can be 
reduced; and (6) the measured concentration of formaldehyde levels has 
been on a downward trend since 1985.
    HUD Response: HUD had not accepted for inclusion in the proposed 
rule MHCC's proposal to remove the requirement to temporarily post a 
Health Notice on formaldehyde emissions in each manufactured home (24 
CFR 3280.309), because HUD has not found it supported by a sufficient 
factual and scientific record. As indicated in the proposed rule, a 
determination to discontinue the Health Notice would require a similar 
level of factual and scientific support that was provided to HUD when 
the rule was being promulgated. As also indicated in the proposed rule, 
HUD recognizes that improvements have been made in particleboard and 
plywood panel processing resulting in lower emission levels than from 
panels bonded with UF resin systems that were available at the time of 
the implementation of the Department's formaldehyde emission control 
requirements. HUD also recognizes that the measured formaldehyde 
concentration levels in manufactured homes produced since 1985 is 
significantly lower than in homes built prior to the implementation of 
the Construction and Safety Standards. HUD is also aware, however, that 
the sample of homes studied, as indicated in the MHRA report referenced 
in the comments [``Formaldehyde Concentrations in Manufactured Homes, 
The Current Situation''] is extremely small in comparison to the large 
number of homes produced during the same period

[[Page 72029]]

and that the sample of homes studied were subject to a variety of 
testing parameters and measurement methods. This leaves some question 
as to the statistical validity and overall confidence in the test 
results due to the relatively small sample size of homes evaluated. 
Further, even the MHRA report states: ``The health consequences of 
various formaldehyde levels continue to be a topic of debate among 
researchers. Particularly, at very low concentration levels (below 
0.1PPM) there is no consensus on safe levels of durations of 
environmental formaldehyde exposure.'' However, as indicated in the 
preamble of the final rule on formaldehyde in 1984, there is a sector 
of the population that has greater sensitivity to and is at more risk 
of formaldehyde's irritant effects and that will react adversely to 
formaldehyde at extremely low levels of exposure. This includes the 
elderly, young children, and individuals with a history of asthma, 
allergies, or lung problems. The purpose of the Health Notice is to 
advise prospective purchasers that the home contains materials that 
emit formaldehyde and to describe acute symptoms that may occur under 
formaldehyde exposure for those individuals who may be at greater risk.
    However, as indicated in the preamble of the proposed rule, HUD 
will continue to study the formaldehyde issue--including reviewing any 
new scientific evidence--and intends to consult with the Consumer 
Product Safety Commission, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the 
Department's Office of Healthy Homes to study the health risks to 
occupants at current formaldehyde exposure levels to determine if any 
regulatory controls are still needed to limit formaldehyde emissions in 
manufactured homes. As part of its review and evaluation, HUD will also 
consider the requirements of other building codes as they may relate to 
formaldehyde exposure and indoor air quality for single-family 
residential construction. HUD intends to work with MHCC in developing 
and supporting any further rulemaking proposals on formaldehyde.

Roof Truss Testing Requirement Comments

    Based on the recommendations of MHCC, the December 1, 2004, 
proposed rule would have amended Sec.  3280.402 by providing more 
stringent initial qualification of truss designs and by expanding and 
clarifying the requirements for follow-up testing to better ensure that 
subsequent production of trusses will meet the requirements of the 
Construction and Safety Standards.
    Comment: The test procedures for roof trusses, as described in 
Sec.  3280.402, should be severed from the remaining proposals, 
rejected by HUD, and remanded to MHCC for further consideration. One 
commenter wrote that the revised test protocol will lead to destructive 
testing and could limit truss designs that would ultimately pass the 
non-destructive test. Certain truss designs could be eliminated. The 
best route to take is to send the proposal back to MHCC for further 
study. If these revised test protocols are implemented by final 
rulemaking, the industry might have to go to totally engineered truss 
designs, which would be more expensive for the industry. Another 
commenter stated that the recommended revisions were extracted from the 
proceedings of the consensus committee and the National Fire Protection 
Association (NFPA) NFPA 501 Standard on Manufactured Housing, which 
were based on research conducted by the National Association of Home 
Builders Research Center (NAHB-RC). The commenter further stated that 
neither organization had a mandate to consider cost-impact in proposing 
standards or formulating the recommendations from its studies. Similar 
concerns were expressed about the NFPA 501 Standard on Manufactured 
Housing from which these proposals were derived.
    Another commenter wrote that concerns have been expressed by and to 
MHCC members about the more stringent qualification testing of truss 
designs that have been talked about and supported by the industry, code 
development work groups, and task forces over the last ten years. The 
commenter stated MHCC's consensus development process lacked adequate 
consideration of the true costs associated with the adoption of this 
proposal, the impact these changes may have on the testing procedures 
and the industry, and the proposal's impact on roof truss home design 
and future innovation. The commenter asked that HUD remove this 
recommendation from the rule and return the proposal to MHCC for 
further consideration and development.
    One commenter wrote that the test procedures for roof trusses, as 
described in Sec.  3280.402, are not consistent with statutory 
directives. Although the proposed rule's wording closely follows the 
text found in NFPA 501, Standard on Manufactured Housing, published by 
NFPA, the NFPA standard is not in use for manufactured housing and the 
NFPA is not under a mandate from Congress to protect the affordability 
of manufactured housing. NFPA 501 and the proposed rule are 
inconsistent with the model building codes currently in use for site 
constructed home and factory built modular homes. NFPA 501 and this 
proposal require excessive data collection and a more stringent 
recovery deflection limit. Additionally, the commenter stated that the 
cost of Sec.  3280.402 will adversely affect the affordability of 
manufactured housing and will stand as an obstacle to the 
accomplishment and execution of section 602(b)(2) of the Act, which 
states that a purpose of the Act is to ``facilitate the availability of 
affordable manufactured homes and to increase home ownership for all 
Americans.''
    One commenter wrote that the new roof truss test procedures as 
described in Sec.  3280.402 will not be cost-effective. Eliminating the 
option of 1.75x overload ends one cost effective way of building the 
homes at the lower end of the manufactured housing market and will 
place additional costs on sections of the market that can least afford 
it. Two commenters wrote that the change to the testing procedure will 
cost much more than the $77.28 cited by HUD. The commenters stated that 
their truss suppliers place the price per truss for Wind Zone I at 15 
to 25 percent, making the eventual cost to the consumer about $325 `` 
far more than the $77 cited by HUD. Other commenters wrote that 
deleting the 1.75 proof load test for roof trusses will increase truss 
member sizes, thereby increasing the cost of trusses by up to 25 
percent. This additional cost may add up to $600 per home. One 
commenter wrote that increased top and bottom chord sizes could raise 
overall depths of trusses, as well as the transportation height of the 
home. In the Eastern United States, where overpasses are low, homes 
will need to be rerouted, resulting in increased shipping costs of $800 
and beyond. Finally, another commenter wrote that the recommended 
revised truss test protocol needs further study and evaluation before 
implementation. The commenter stated that many truss suppliers have 
indicated that there may be a 25 percent increase in costs for truss 
design and testing depending on the style of roof design being 
considered. Every truss design would need to be re-qualified under the 
test procedures, and cost estimates run from $200 to $500, far more 
than the $77.28 per home as indicated.
    Two commenters asked specifically why the new roof truss test 
procedures as described in Sec.  3280.402 are needed. The commenters 
wrote that they do not see any information indicating that

[[Page 72030]]

trusses are failing. They further inquired whether the study referred 
to in the proposal was conducted during the 1980s? If so, today's 
trusses are much improved from the trusses referred to in that study. 
Also, deleting the 1.75 proof tests will limit existing designs and 
prevent new innovative designs by increasing the top and bottom chord 
sizes. This deletion will create criteria that are more stringent than 
and inconsistent with those model building codes that require only a 
minimum test period of ten seconds for test loads equal to 1.5 times 
the design wind load. Two commenters wrote that these new criteria will 
create a huge backlog in truss retesting and redesign, adding to the 
costs that could be passed on to the consumer. Further, assuming the 
time frame to perform this task is set at 180 days, that is not enough 
time to complete the reviews, retests, and approvals. Two commenters 
wrote that low-sloped cathedral designs, which are common in the 
industry, will be eliminated. One commenter wrote that the proposed 
truss testing change should be returned to MHCC for further evaluation. 
The same commenter wrote that HUD should continue to allow the 1.75 
proof load test, because the added costs of eliminating this acceptable 
test do not appear to be offset by safety considerations.
    One commenter wrote that the requirement that deflection of bottom 
chord be measured, at a minimum, at the truss midspan and panel points 
is overly burdensome and completely unnecessary. The commenter stated 
that for many trusses, this requirement would result in a minimum of 
nine or ten points of deflection measurement during testing, and it is 
difficult to obtain these deflections with dead load hanging from the 
bottom chord of the truss at 12 inches on center. Several commenters 
wrote that measuring deflection at each panel point, mid-span of the 
truss, and mid-span between each panel point is not necessary and that 
the current checks at quarter points and mid-span should be more than 
sufficient. A third commenter wrote that this change will significantly 
increase the time to perform truss testing and will increase the cost 
to perform required truss testing for each truss design.
    One commenter wrote the dead load test procedures as described in 
Sec.  3280.402(d)(1) are too expensive and not necessary. HUD should 
revise the new proposed requirement to add dead load to both the top 
and bottom chord of the truss so that this is only required if the 
actual bottom chord dead load exceeds 5 psf; otherwise, allow the 
entire dead load to be applied to the top chord as is currently 
permitted. For small bottom chord dead loads (up to and including 5 
psf), this added step is not necessary and needlessly adds to the cost 
of testing.
    Another commenter wrote that the live load test procedures as 
described in Sec.  3280.402(d)(2) are dangerous. In 1994, HUD and NAHB 
ran proficiency tests comparing tests that pulled on the top chord to 
test in the inverted position. The tests determined that pulling on the 
top chord was difficult, impractical, dangerous, and yielded 
inconsistent results. It was determined that testing the truss in the 
inverted position provides adequate results. Testing in accordance with 
existing uplift requirements is simple and provided consistent results. 
Testing uplift in accordance with the new HUD proposal will have a 
significant cost impact on the truss approval process. The set-up 
procedure will take three to four times longer, which will increase the 
cost for testing a new design substantially. All modifications to truss 
testing should be delayed until such studies can be prepared for 
review.
    One commenter wrote that the overload phase as proposed in Sec.  
3280.402(d)(4) is too stringent. The test procedure for the overload 
phase would be increased to dead load plus 2.5 times the live load. 
Although this more stringent truss loading criteria has already been 
adopted by some manufacturers, combining this with the more stringent 
deflection acceptance criteria may cause some truss designs to fail 
that would otherwise be acceptable under the existing provisions.
    Several commenters wrote that the acceptance criteria for truss 
designs, as proposed in Sec.  3280.402(d)(5), are too conservative, 
inconsistent with building codes, and too expensive. The recovery 
deflection of L/480 within five minutes after live load removal is too 
conservative and many manufacturers have permitted up to four hours of 
recovery time to qualify truss designs. Another commenter wrote that 
the recovery requirement is inconsistent with the model building codes, 
which require recovery of not less than 75 percent of the maximum 
deflection within 24 hours after removal of the load. Another commenter 
wrote that HUD should remove the requirements to measure no load to 
dead load deflection and the limit for the same, because this is a 
totally meaningless requirement. The deflection from no load to dead 
load is normally compensated for by building camber into the truss. 
This added step will add needless cost to the test procedure. The 
commenter requested that HUD revise the proposal for up to four hours 
for recovery deflection to reach L/480 or better. The commenter 
explained that five minutes may not be adequate time to allow recovery 
to occur and could eliminate otherwise acceptable designs thus adding 
cost. Some of the proprietary criteria in use today by some home 
manufacturers specifies four hours and ``is working fine without 
problems.''
    One commenter wrote that the uplift load test procedure for roof 
trusses as proposed in Sec.  3280.402(e) makes it difficult to test and 
require a change of testing facilities. The test procedure for overload 
phase requirements increased to 2.5 times the new uplift load for one 
minute, which is an increase from the 1.75 overload factor of the 
current standard. Additionally, the test procedure has been revised to 
provide uplift to the top chord of the truss design and not the 
existing test set-up of inverting the truss and pushing down on the 
bottom chord. Truss designs may not be able to be tested due to their 
current configuration and may not provide flexibility in testing for 
the tension device placement as a 12-inch spacing might provide. Also, 
no testing facility that currently qualifies HUD Code home roof trusses 
would be capable for testing trusses as described by the revised test 
protocol without a lengthy process to change the test set-up. Another 
commenter wrote that there have been no documented truss failures due 
to existing design criteria since the uplift testing went into effect 
in 1994. The HUD proposal for testing uplift requires 1'' wide straps 
attached around the top chord at 6'' o.c. In some cases, truss designs 
with closely spaced verticals and webs will be physically impossible to 
test to the 6'' requirement. This requirement would limit truss design 
and innovation. Pulling up on straps at 12'' o.c. provides the same 
uplift load and similar results as pulling on the uplift straps 6'' 
o.c. Additionally, the proposed method requires cylinders spaced at 
12'' o.c., to apply 6'' o.c. uplift strapping. This will require some 
truss manufacturers to redesign their current truss testing equipment, 
which commonly has cylinders at 24'' o.c. This retrofit will be costly 
and time consuming. One commenter wrote that compliance with the 
requirement cannot typically be achieved at panel point because of the 
width of connector plates. One commenter supported the conversion of 
the uplift test to a more reasonable appropriate uplift test. The 
commenter wrote that the spacing of the uplift points, however, appears 
to be too conservative. Instead of every 6'', it

[[Page 72031]]

seems that every 12'' would be sufficient and be easier to convert 
existing testing equipment with hydraulic cylinders at 24''.
    Finally, commenters urged HUD to allow a lengthy, reasonable time 
period for phase-in of the new requirements for truss testing similar 
to what has been done in the past. It is hoped that HUD will allow 12 
months for all testing to be completed.
    HUD Response: In view of comments received from the public, the 
Department is returning this proposal on truss testing procedures to 
MHCC for further consideration and requests the following be considered 
by MHCC during its deliberations:
    1. Whether the non-destructive testing procedure for roof trusses 
that permits a lower overall safety factor to be used in conducting the 
tests based on a presumed low failure rate for roof trusses should be 
eliminated.
    MHCC could consider including the non-destructive procedure, if 
adequate safeguards are provided to assure that initial qualification 
tests would be conducted using minimum quality of materials and 
workmanship or if a statistically valid sample of trusses is tested in 
lieu of the minimum requirements. In addition, enhanced follow-up 
testing provisions would be needed to account for the lower factor of 
safety of 1.75 currently permitted by the non-destructive testing 
procedure.
    2. The need for the upright tension tests to evaluate the uplift 
resistance of the trusses.
    Tests conducted by the NAHB Research Center indicated that trusses 
tested in the inverted position consistently failed at average loads 
greater than trusses tested in the upright position and had lower mid-
span deflections than trusses tested in the upright position. In 
addition, the failure modes were different for some truss designs when 
tested in the upright position as compared to the inverted position.
    3. Should the factor of safety for uplift testing be reduced from 
2.5 to the current requirement of 1.75 times the design wind pressures 
in consideration of comments received regarding safety during testing.
    4. The costs associated with any recommended revisions to the truss 
testing requirements.
    HUD's decision to not make final the proposed rule section, as 
recommended by MHCC, is consistent with the record of comments received 
from the public, including MHCC itself (the Committee having 
reconsidered its prior position). However, HUD views truss testing 
procedures as too important a safety matter to leave unaddressed. The 
standards in place (i.e., reflected in the current regulations) have 
not been modified in many years. The issue, having been raised, needs 
to be examined to determine whether, in fact, existing standards are 
adequate to protect homeowners in all geographic areas of the country. 
Accordingly, HUD anticipates MHCC will expeditiously re-evaluate and 
resubmit proposed truss testing procedures. HUD will work closely with 
MHCC in evaluating any new proposals for truss testing procedures and 
may amend HUD's requirements, as necessary, in a future rulemaking.

Thermal Protection Comments

    The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.504(b) to codify certain provisions of a waiver that permits 
manufactured homes intended to be sited in humid climates to have the 
vapor retarder installed outside of the home's thermal insulation.
    Comment: The proposed condensation control and installation of 
vapor retarders described in Sec.  3280.504(b)(4) is not practical and 
should provide exceptions. Several commenters stated that HUD should 
provide more exemptions, including: (1) Kitchen back-splash materials 
of less than 50 square feet in the area installed around countertops, 
sinks, and ranges; (2) bathroom tub areas and shower compartments; (3) 
cabinetry and built-in furniture, in any location; and (4) hardwood 
wall paneling used under chair rails in dining room areas, less than 50 
square feet in area. One commenter explained that these construction 
features are commonly installed against exterior walls of manufactured 
homes and do not represent a large exposed wall where condensation due 
to the hot-humid climates would appear to be excessive. Also, a 
September 2000 MHRA study revealed that hardwood paneling is not 
detrimental to the established proposal waiver requirements of a 
minimum 5.0 perm rating. Another commenter wrote that it is absolutely 
necessary to provide some minor exception to the requirement that the 
interior finish have a combined permeance of not less than 5.0 perms. 
MHCC has already discussed with HUD the need to include these 
exceptions, which are part of further changes to the Construction and 
Safety Standards that have been approved by MHCC. These changes are in 
concept but have not yet been put into proposed rule form. The vapor 
retarder location specified in Sec.  3280.504(b)(4) is an alternative 
to that called for in Sec.  3280.504(b)(1) and therefore could not be 
used with a vented wall cavity specified in Sec.  3280.504(b)(3). From 
a practical-usability standpoint, in order for the alternative vapor 
retarder location to be of any use at all, some minor exceptions are 
absolutely necessary to the requirement that the interior finish have a 
combined permeance of not less than 5.0 perms. These exceptions were 
recommended by MHCC and are also embodied in the NFPA-501 2003 edition 
at section 8.4.2.1.6. Another commenter wrote that the requirement to 
have the interior finish have a combined permeance of not less than 5.0 
perms makes good sense, but a set of exceptions is necessary, because 
it is impractical to build a home with all interior surfaces at 5.0 
perms or more. Without these exceptions, no manufacturer will be able 
to place the vapor barrier on the outside in the appropriate zones. HUD 
had similar wording in its April 2002 waiver, but without these 
necessary exceptions. As a result, virtually no manufacturer has been 
able to use the waiver. The only reason to restrict the permanence of 
the interior surfaces is to make sure any moisture that gets past the 
exterior barrier is able to exit the wall to the interior. These few 
suggested exceptions will not trap moisture in the wall. In fact, some 
materials are usually not tight-fitted against the framing; therefore, 
moisture should easily escape the cavity. The commenter also wrote that 
other building codes have no interior wall restrictions at all 
associated with vapor barriers. For instance, 2003 IBC--article 1403.3, 
2003 IRC--article R318.1, and 2003 IECC--article 502.1 make no mention 
of interior perm ratings. HUD should allow these exceptions so the 
industry can catch up to present building science. Without these 
exceptions, the vapor barrier will remain on the inside in the hot, 
humid climate and moisture will be trapped in the home.
    HUD Response: HUD agrees with many of the comments; therefore, the 
final rule in Sec.  3280.504 now includes exceptions to the 5.0 perm 
requirement for interior finish materials of up to 50 square feet in 
area.
    Comment: The focus of Sec.  3280.504(b)(4) should be reducing air 
movement rather than vapor retarders. One commenter wrote that Sec.  
3280.504(b)(4) does not address any effective construction measure to 
reduce the larger problem of air movement into the wall cavity. In 
fact, the performance measure that would impact the reduction of air 
movement would be the use of a continuous air barrier. Homes with low 
permeable sheathings have

[[Page 72032]]

been observed in the Gulf Coast, and they have experienced moisture 
problems because the wood sheathing is installed with a required gap to 
allow for expansion and contraction. These expansion and contraction 
seams should be the focus, not just vapor pressure. The much larger 
problem involves large pressure swings in homes where mechanical 
equipment is operated.
    HUD Response: HUD and MHCC may consider developing, in a future 
rulemaking, requirements for the use of continuous air barriers for 
exterior walls and requirements for expansion and contraction gaps in 
wall sheathing to reduce the amount of air movement in exterior wall 
cavities.
    Comment: Ventilated walls as described in Sec.  3280.504(b)(3) are 
not a good idea because there is no ventilation rate or calculated 
method shown that provides a minimum performance to reduce the amount 
of moisture. Also, whole-house testing has shown that air movement 
created by negative pressure draws moisture through construction seams. 
The creation of even more pathways by ventilating the wall will allow 
even more moisture to be drawn into the walls.
    HUD Response: HUD, in coordination with MHCC, may consider, in a 
future rulemaking, eliminating the current alternative for controlling 
condensation in exterior wall cavities as is currently permitted in 
Sec.  3280.504(b)(3) of the Construction and Safety Standards.
    Comment: Reference to the American Architectural Manufacturers 
Association (AAMA) 1500 standard in Sec.  3280.508(e) should be changed 
to the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) 100 Standard. One 
commenter wrote that the final rule should eliminate reference to AAMA 
1500 for the following reasons: Because the majority of manufacturers 
have moved to NFRC; the NFRC is supported by United States Department 
of Energy (USDOE) and Energy Star; HUD is the only federal agency still 
relying on AAMA 1500 thermal performance; and NFRC-100 labels provide 
consumers, plant, and IPIA data on the window, while the AAMA label 
does not provide that data.
    Another commenter wrote that the proposed rule to permit window 
manufacturers the alternative to use NFRC 100 to rate window energy 
performance is a step in the right direction.
    HUD Response: The final rule permits the use of either reference 
standard for rating window or glazing products for thermal 
transmittance and resistance to condensation.

Plumbing Systems Comments

    The December 1, 2004, proposed rule would have amended Sec.  
3280.607(a) to require restricted flow faucets and showerheads and add 
a paragraph (b) to require the use of low water consumption toilets.
    Comment: The proposal is consumer-friendly. Two commenters wrote 
that technology has improved low water consumption fixtures and 
faucets, so it is a sound proposal.
    HUD Response: The final rule requires the use of low consumption 
water fixtures and toilets as indicated in the proposed rule.

Heating, Cooling, and Fuel Burning Requirement Comments

    As recommended by MHCC, the December 1, 2004, proposed rule would 
have amended Sec.  3280.709 by requiring the installation of a 
corrosion-resistant water drip collection and drain pan under each 
water heater.
    Comment: The requirement was not developed with any justification 
and should be dropped. One commenter requested that this section be 
deleted. The commenter wrote that it believes that the proposal has not 
been developed in compliance with the HUD Final Information Quality 
Guidelines published in the November 18, 2002, Federal Register Notice. 
Specifically, the HUD Guidelines provide in Section VI that 
``information [HUD] disseminates to the public is objective, useful, 
and has integrity.'' HUD has not presented any information to justify 
this requirement, including any economic or technical justification for 
the addition of a corrosion-resistant water drip collection and drain 
pan to be installed under each water heater. In addition, such a 
requirement will result in problems of installation, cost, drainage, 
and, for fossil fuel type water heaters, can result in the blockage of 
combustion air openings for water heaters that obtain combustion air 
from the bottom of the unit, a very typical manufactured home 
application.
    Some commenters wrote that a drain pan would impede air flow into 
the water heater. One commenter wrote that to install a drain pan under 
the water heater would restrict the ability of the water heater to 
receive the proper amount of combustion air. Moreover, doing so would 
require modifications to the design and construction that could 
significantly increase the costs without any economic justification. 
Another commenter wrote that one-half of the gas-fired water heaters 
sold for installation in manufactured homes are of the direct vent 
design. This requires all air for combustion to enter the water heater 
directly from the outside. An air tube is provided that penetrates the 
floor under the water heater to supply the air from under the coach. 
Requiring a drain pan for this design would present a challenging 
sealing problem to make the drip pan effective. The commenter requested 
that paragraph (h) be revised to exempt water heaters of the direct 
vent ``through the floor'' design from the drain pan requirement. Also, 
the installation of a popular direct gas fired water heater would 
require an approximate four-inch hole to be made through the pan to 
provide for its combustion of air inlet. It is unlikely that water 
leakage in the water heater compartment could result in structural 
deterioration and damage; water heaters are too large in diameter to 
fit between floor joists as they are commonly installed. This proposal 
should be removed from consideration.
    One commenter wrote that the drain pan issue is already addressed 
in a current requirement. The supplementary information provided for 
the proposed rule states that the present rule does not require that a 
drain pan be provided or that the water heater compartment be built in 
a protective manner, such as a shower stall, but fails to mention the 
requirement in Sec.  3280.305(g)(2) that addresses the issue by 
requiring that wood, wood fiber, or plywood floors or subfloors in 
water heater compartments be moisture-resistant by sealing or by an 
overlay of nonabsorbent material applied with water resistant adhesive.
    Two commenters wrote that the water drip collection pan requirement 
is a good idea and will eliminate problems caused by leaking water 
heaters at a minimal cost. The rule also brings manufactured homes up 
to date with other building codes.
    HUD Response: Section 3280.709(h) of the final rule requires a 
corrosion-resistant water drip and collection pan to be installed under 
each water heater. Almost all electric or fossil fuel water heaters 
currently used in manufactured homes can be installed on a conventional 
water heater pan. Only a very small percentage of gas water heaters 
currently being used in manufactured homes cannot be set on a 
conventional pan due to an opening in the bottom of the water heater 
that is aligned with a hole in the bottom of the floor that draws 
combustion air into the appliance. Further, a drip pan could be 
designed to have a separate drain hole alongside the air inlet opening, 
which would allow those types of water

[[Page 72033]]

heaters to continue to be used. While the Construction and Safety 
Standards do require the floor decking directly under the water heater 
area to be moisture-resistant, the drip pan will help prevent water 
from collecting in the water heater compartment and circulating into 
surrounding areas, and being absorbed into surrounding gypsum panels, 
deteriorating and/or warping surrounding area floor decking, carpet, 
and padding. In addition, floor insulation and bottom board materials 
may also become saturated in surrounding areas due to the accumulation 
of water in the compartment, making those materials ineffective and 
possibly causing mold and mildew to form. The installation of the drip 
pan will enhance the home's durability at a minimal cost to consumers.

Electrical Systems Comments

    Comment: The 1996 National Electrical Code (NEC) that HUD proposes 
to adopt is outdated. The manufactured home should meet the 
requirements of more current electrical code requirements, and thereby 
provide protection to home occupants that technology has made available 
since 1996. One commenter stated that the update to the 1996 NEC is not 
practical. The commenter stated that to adopt a code that is nine years 
behind the code now being adopted by many localities is ``ridiculous.'' 
The NEC 1996 edition is no longer in print and to require manufacturers 
to try and find this book so that they can determine what changes to 
the code affect them and what is the required standard they must meet 
is not logical. Another commenter wrote that hundreds or thousands of 
the 1996 edition of the NEC will have to be obtained if the code update 
goes into effect, and that if HUD Code homes are three or four 
revisions behind the NEC, it reinforces the perception that 
manufactured housing is ``inferior'' to other housing. Also, any 
upgrade to a more recent version of the NEC will require many 
electrical drawings to be revised. The commenter encouraged HUD to 
adopt the same ``phase-in'' program HUD used when changing to the new 
smoke alarm requirements. Another commenter wrote that the electrical 
standard should be updated to the 2005 edition of the NEC. The 
commenter noted that arc-fault circuit-interrupter protection that has 
been adopted in more recent versions of the NEC may have been the 
reason for proposing adoption of the 1996 version of the NEC. The 
commenter also agreed with MHCC's reluctance to adopt the requirements 
for arc-fault due to a lack of available product and technology in the 
market at this time, and would suggest adopting the 2005 NEC with an 
exception for the arc-fault protection requirements.
    HUD Response: The Department agrees with the comments, and the 
final rule has been revised to incorporate the 2005 edition of the NEC. 
Also, as suggested by the commenters, the provisions for arc-fault 
circuit protection are not included in the final rule except that if 
such protection is installed, it must comply with all provisions of the 
NEC.

Comments Regarding Revisions to Standards Incorporated by Reference

    Comment: The NEC HUD proposes to adopt is outdated. HUD should 
update all proposed changes to the standards incorporated by reference 
to the most recent editions of those standards.
    HUD Response: See discussion under the Electrical Systems Comments 
heading.
    Comment: HUD should review the two additional sets of MHCC 
recommendations and update any reference standard contained in this 
Notice of Propose Rulemaking (NPRM) to the latest available edition 
receiving MHCC approval. One commenter specifically cited, as an 
example, the Voluntary Standard for Utilization in Manufactured Homes, 
and AAMA 1704, Voluntary Standard: Egress Window Systems for 
Utilization in Manufactured Homes. HUD should take advantage of MHCC's 
reference standards update process by reviewing all ballots on file and 
suggesting the latest reference standard edition for proposed 
rulemaking.
    HUD Response: The final rule does include some later editions of 
reference standards than were cited in the December 1, 2004, proposed 
rule. However, the final rule does not update to the 2002 edition of 
the AAMA 1704 standard for egress windows due to changes in the later 
editions that may affect the ability of an occupant to egress during an 
emergency. HUD, in coordination with MHCC, may also consider making 
further updates to the reference standards in future rulemakings.
    Comment: One commenter wrote that HUD should correct the title of 
ASTM 773 to read Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of 
Sealed Insulating Glass Units, and also correct the title of ASTM 774 
to read Standard Specification for the Classification of the Durability 
of Sealed Insulating Glass Units.
    HUD Response: The final rule corrects the title of these two 
reference standards as recommended by the comment.
    Comment: One commenter wrote that HUD should clarify whether ASTM 
E84-91 will be deleted from the HUD Code, because Sec.  3280.203 still 
has both the ASTM E84 and the NFPA 255 test methods available to 
determine surface burning characteristics of building materials.
    HUD Response: Section 3280.203(a) of the final rule permits the use 
of either test method.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that certain updated reference 
standards be included in the final rule, including: (1) ANSI Z21.1--
2000--Household Cooking Gas Appliances--Sec.  3280.703; (2) ANSI 
Z21.5.1--2002--Gas Clothes Dryers Volume 1--Sec.  3280.703; (3) ANSI 
Z21.10.1--2004--Gas Water Heaters--Volume 1, Storage Water Heaters with 
Input Ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or less--Sec.  3280.703; (4) ANSI 
Z21.15 (R2003)--1997--Manually Operated Gas Valves for Appliances, 
Appliance Connector Valves and Hose End Valves--Sec.  3280.703; (5) 
ANSI Z21.20--2000--Automatic Gas Ignition Systems and Components--Sec.  
3280.703; (6) ANSI Z21.21--2000--Automatic Valves for Gas Appliances--
Sec.  3280.703; (7) ANSI Z21.22 (R2003)--1999--Relief Valves--Sec.  
3280.703; (8) ANSI Z21.24--2001 Connectors for Gas Appliances--Sec.  
3280.703; (9) ANSI Z21.40.1 (R2002)--1996--Gas Fired Heat Activated, 
Air Conditioning and Heat Pump--Sec.  3280.703, Sec.  3280.714(a)(2); 
(10) ANSI Z21.47--2003-- Gas Fired Central Furnaces (Note--Incorporates 
provisions of Z21.64 now discontinued, that are related to direct 
vent)--Sec.  3280.703; (11) ANSI Z21.75--2001--Connectors for Outdoor 
Gas Appliances and Manufactured Homes--Sec.  3280.703; (12) ANSI/LC 1--
1997--Gas Piping Systems Using Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing--Sec.  
3280.703; and (13) ANSI Z2223.1/NFPA 54--2002--National Fuel Gas Code--
Sec.  3280.703.
    HUD Response: Some of the recommended updates to the reference 
standards have been included in the final rule, as discussed and listed 
in section III.I. of this preamble.
    Comment: One commenter stated that the referenced standard for gas 
piping systems using corrugated stainless steel tubing, LC-1-1997, 
should be moved from the Appliances category under Sec.  3280.703 to 
Ferrous Pipe and Fittings, which is a more appropriate category. In 
addition, this referenced standard should also include its addenda, 
i.e., LC-1a-1999, for completeness.

[[Page 72034]]

    HUD Response: The final rule does not contain the reference 
standard for corrugated stainless steel tubing for use in gas piping 
systems, as the publication that was proposed to be included in the 
standards incorporated by reference was not available.
    Comment: Two commenters wrote that in Sec.  3280.705--Gas Piping 
Systems--a new section (5), titled Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing 
(CSST) Systems, should be included. CSST interior gas piping systems 
should be designed and certified to the ANSI/LC-1, Gas Piping Systems 
Using Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing, and should be installed in 
accordance with this code, the Z223.1/NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code, 
and the manufacturer's installation instructions. The commenter 
explained that since the HUD proposal is including a reference to the 
ANSI/LC-1 CSST standard, the proposed additional provision is needed in 
the interior gas piping section of the standard.
    HUD Response: HUD, in coordination with MHCC, may consider 
provisions governing the installation of corrugated stainless steel 
tubing and the inclusion of an appropriate reference standard for CSST 
gas piping systems in a future rulemaking.
    Comment: One commenter wrote that AFPA 1997, Manual for Engineered 
Wood Construction, is already an obsolete standard reference and should 
be updated to the 2001 edition. By updating it to the 2001 version, 
manufacturers could better take advantage of utilizing and sharing 
designs with modular packages.
    HUD Response: The final rule incorporates the 2001 edition of the 
Manual for Engineered Wood Construction.
    Comment: One commenter wrote that the ANSI/TPI 1 1990 has been 
removed from the list of reference standards and has not been replaced 
with an alternative design standard. All other model building codes 
cite the ANSI/TPI as the standard to use when designing metal plate 
connected roof trusses. Accordingly, the ANSI/TPI 1-2002 reference 
standard should be incorporated into the amendments to ensure all 
designs are calculated to the same criteria.
    HUD Response: The standard for metal plate connected roof trusses 
currently incorporated by reference in Sec.  3280.304 is TPI-85, not 
ANSI/TPI-1990. HUD is retaining its current requirement in the final 
rule and may, in coordination with MHCC, consider an update of this 
reference standard in a future rulemaking.
    Comment: One commenter wrote that the final rule should contain a 
reference to Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF). MDF is a commonly used 
material for built-in cabinets and moldings in manufactured homes. MDF 
is a common core material used in Hardwood Plywood, ANSI/HPVA HP-1, and 
another standard referenced in 24 CFR 3280. A reference to MDF for 
Interior Applications, ANSI A208.2-2002, should be added to Sec.  
3280.304(b)(1).
    HUD Response: HUD, in coordination with MHCC, may consider 
including a reference standard for MDF materials in a future 
rulemaking.
    Comment: One commenter indicated that the reference to subsection 
221 of the 1995 edition of the NFPA 58 is incorrect, and that the 
proper reference to relief valves in the 1995 edition is to subsection 
2-3.2. The commenter explained that at a minimum, the agency should 
revise this reference; however, HUD should ideally refer to the 2001 
edition of the NFPA 58.
    HUD Response: The final rule updates the reference standard to the 
2001 edition of NFPA 58 as suggested by the comments.

Other Public Comments

    Comment: Generally, HUD should not require or include metric 
equivalents. The building community does not use metric on plans and 
specifications for any type of residential building. Metric units are 
necessary only for federally funded building projects. One commenter 
wrote that most aspects of the construction industry have been, and 
will continue to be, slow to convert to metric. A dual system would 
only create confusion and take up additional space. However, there may 
be some isolated cases where reference to metric units may be helpful. 
One commenter stated that requiring the use of metric units would be 
cumbersome and could be error-prone, and there appears to be no one in 
the United States construction industry who is using metric dimensions. 
Other commenters said simply that HUD should not require metric 
equivalents.
    HUD Response: HUD, in coordination with MHCC, may address the use 
of metric equivalents, on an as-needed basis, in future rulemakings.
    Comment: One commenter wrote that Sec.  3280.707(d) contains 
minimum efficiency requirements for central heating and water heating 
appliances that need to be updated to the Department of Energy (DOE) 
minimum efficiency requirements.
    HUD Response: HUD anticipates addressing the adoption of the DOE 
minimum energy efficiency requirements for central heating and water 
heater appliances, in coordination with MHCC, in a future rulemaking. 
HUD and DOE have jointly formulated, and are dedicated to, a housing 
energy efficiency policy that would serve the goal of reducing national 
and family energy needs.
    Comment: One commenter wrote that Sec.  3280.702 still has a 
definition for water heaters that has the term ``other than space 
heating.'' The commenter explained that there are many types of 
combination water heater space heaters that are used in manufactured 
homes, and this verbiage needs to be deleted.
    HUD Response: HUD will refer this comment to MHCC and may consider 
the definition of water heaters in a future rulemaking.

Comments of the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee

    The following comments were submitted to HUD on behalf of the 
Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee (MHCC):
    Comment: HUD should reconsider MHCC's recommendation to eliminate 
the requirement to post the Formaldehyde Health Notice in each 
manufactured home.
    HUD Response: Please refer to the above discussion of public 
comments under the Formaldehyde Health Notice Comments heading of the 
preamble.
    Comment: HUD should reconsider its decision to modify MHCC's 
recommendation on fireblocking in Sec.  3280.206.
    HUD Response: Please refer to the above discussion of public 
comments on fire blocking.
    Comment: Testing Protocol approvals under Sec.  3280.303(g) should 
be delegated to DAPIAs.
    HUD Response: Section 3280.303(g) no longer requires prior HUD 
approval of alternative testing procedures except for procedures used 
to evaluate one-piece metal roof systems.
    Comment: HUD should reconsider its modification of MHCC's 
recommendation and permit DAPIAs to also approve testing protocols for 
one-piece metal roofing.
    HUD Response: Please refer to the above discussion of Body and 
Frame Requirement Comments, Part B-1.
    Comment: HUD should concentrate on a single system of units and 
only refer to metric units when helpful.
    HUD Response: Please refer to the above discussion of metric units 
under the Other Public Comments heading of the preamble.
    Comment: Additional Testing is not needed for critical connections 
when engineering calculations are provided.

[[Page 72035]]

    HUD Response: Please refer to the above discussion in Body and 
Frame Requirement Comments, Part B-3. Suitable load tests are now an 
alternative to engineering calculations rather than a mandatory 
provision in the final rule.
    Comment: HUD should permit some minor exceptions to the 
requirements for interior finish materials in hot-humid climates.
    HUD Response: Section 3280.504(b)(4) of the final rule includes 
minor exceptions to the 5.0 perm requirement for interior finish 
materials used in hot-humid climates.
    Comment: HUD should return the truss testing recommendations in 
Sec.  3280.402 to MHCC for further consideration.
    HUD Response: Please refer to the discussion of public comments on 
truss testing. HUD is returning the truss-testing proposal to MHCC for 
further consideration.

III. Section-by-Section Revisions

    The final rule amends the following sections of the Construction 
and Safety Standards in a manner that is different from the proposed 
rule and revises the incorporation by reference of the indicated 
reference standards.

A. Whole-House Ventilation

    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.103(b) by simplifying the 
requirements for sizing whole-house ventilation systems of manufactured 
homes. The final rule establishes a minimum and maximum capacity for 
these systems while continuing to require the systems to be balanced, 
requires combination passive and mechanical systems to be adequately 
sized and provided with inlets and exhaust to release any unbalanced 
pressure, no longer accepts passive-only systems, requires operating 
instructions for the system to be included in the consumer manual, and 
requires the operating switch to be identified with a label.

B. Firestopping

    The proposed rule amending Sec.  3280.206 changes the term 
``Firestopping'' to ``Fireblocking'' to be consistent with current 
building code terminology and application. The final rule also replaces 
and clarifies existing language to better define locations where 
fireblocking is required.

C. Body and Frame Requirements

    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.303(g) by no longer requiring a 
manufacturer to first submit alternative testing procedures to HUD for 
approval when recognized testing procedures are not available, except 
as required by Sec.  3280.305(c)(1)(iii) for one-piece metal roofing 
systems.
    Section 3280.305(c)(1) is also being amended by adding a new 
paragraph (iii) to permit the use of certain one-piece metal roofing 
without structural sheathing in the high wind areas, provided HUD has 
approved the testing procedures to be used. The final rule amends Sec.  
3280.305(c)(3)(i) by adding paragraphs (A), (B), and (C) and by 
clarifying where middle and north zone roof load requirements would be 
applicable. The amended rule also now designates counties in certain 
states within the South or Middle Roof Load Zones where higher Middle 
or North Roof Load Zones are required.
    Section 3280.305(c)(3) is amended by incorporating a new paragraph 
(iv) requiring that skylights must be capable of withstanding the roof 
loads for which the home is designed.
    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.305(e) by clarifying fastener 
performance requirements for joining the major structural elements of 
manufactured homes and by requiring that a continuous load path be 
provided for transferring all forces between elements and for carrying 
all imposed forces to the home's foundation/anchorage system.
    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.305(e)(2) by reducing the minimum 
thickness requirements for steel strapping required in Wind Zones II 
and III from 26 gauge (0.0179 inch) to 0.016 inch. Other alternatives, 
such as a combination of structural rated sheathing that overlaps the 
roof and/or floor and strapping, or engineered connectors or structural 
rated sheathing only, must be substantiated by either engineering 
analysis or suitable load tests. The final rule amends Sec.  
3280.305(g)(3) to require wood panel products used as floor or sub-
floor materials on the exterior of the home to be rated for exterior 
exposure and be protected from moisture by sealing or applying 
nonabsorbent overlay with water resistant adhesive. This will provide 
protection against deterioration of exterior floor decking materials 
when exposed to moisture.
    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.306(b)(1) to require that each 
column support pier location required along the marriage line(s) of 
multi-section manufactured homes, at perimeter support locations, and 
at shear wall locations be identified at each pier location by paint, 
label, or other acceptable methods. These location identifications are 
to be visible after the home is installed.

D. Subpart E--Testing

    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.401 by clarifying that design live 
load deflection criteria do not apply when the structural assembly 
being evaluated does not include structural framing members.

E. Subpart F--Thermal Protection

    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.504(b) by adding new paragraphs 
(4) and (5) to permit the vapor retarder for exterior walls to be 
installed on the exterior side, rather than the interior side, of the 
wall insulation, or to be constructed with an external covering and 
sheathing having a combined permeance of not greater than 1.0 perms, 
provided that for either alternative that the interior finish and 
interior wall panel materials have a combined permeance of not less 
than 5.0 perms. However, based on the comments received, the final rule 
now also provides for certain minor exceptions to the 5.0 perm interior 
finish or wall panel requirements.
    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.508(e) by permitting window 
manufacturers the alternative to rate their window energy performance 
by utilizing National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) standard 100 
or by using AAMA standard 1503 for this purpose. Inclusion of the NFRC 
standard would alleviate the need for those manufacturers who 
previously have been utilizing NFRC 100 from also having to test the 
AAMA 1500 and vice-versa.
    The final rule will also amend Sec.  3280.510 by incorporating a 
map that will designate the applicable Humid and Fringe zones by state 
and county. A reproduction of the map will now be required to be 
included on the Heating Certificate and could also be combined with the 
Uo map for those homes constructed for those zones in 
addition to or in combination with the Uo value map. A statement, 
``This home is designed and constructed to be sited only in humid or 
fringe climate regions as shown on the Humid and Fringe Climate Map,'' 
will also be required in conjunction with the Humid and Fringe zone map 
on the Heating Certificate.

F. Subpart G--Plumbing Systems

    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.607(a) by requiring the use of 
restricted flow faucets and showerheads and by adding a paragraph (b) 
to require the use of low water consumption water closets. This will 
conserve water and help assure continued availability of adequate water 
supplies, as well as reduce wastewater flows. The final rule will also 
include requirements for low consumption

[[Page 72036]]

water closets (1.6 gallons per flush), and clarify that showerheads and 
faucets are also to meet updated requirements (maximum flow rate of 2.5 
gallons per minute) for water conservation as required by the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992.

G. Subpart H--Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems

    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.709 by adding a paragraph (h) to 
require the installation of a corrosion-resistant water drip collection 
and drain pan under each water heater.
    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.715(c) to require joints and seams 
of sheet metal and flexible metal ducts, including risers, trunks, 
crossovers, branches, and plenums to be mechanically secured and made 
substantially airtight. The final rule also requires that the tapes and 
sealants used to seal the duct systems be applied to dry clean surfaces 
having no dirt, grease, or oil on them. Currently, the standards 
specify only that the joints and seams of ducts be securely fastened 
and made substantially airtight. In addition, sealants and tapes will 
also be required to be listed in accordance with UL 181A for rigid 
ducts and UL 181B for flexible ducts.

H. Subpart I--Electrical Systems

    The final rule amends Sec.  3280.806(d)(9) by clarifying that a 
receptacle outlet would be provided on a wall adjacent to and within 36 
inches of the outside edge of each bathroom basin. This wall receptacle 
outlet would be in addition to any outlet that is part of a lighting 
fixture or appliance that is over a bathroom basin. This revision will 
no longer permit a receptacle that is integral with the light fixture 
over a bathroom basin to serve as the only outlet for a bathroom basin 
location. This change also addresses safety concerns related to the 
permissible length of power cords for small appliances that may arise 
in areas in which flowing water and electrical outlets are in close 
proximity, such as light fixtures at bathroom basin locations.
    The final rule also amends Sec.  3280.808(o) to provide a tolerance 
for the gap at the edge of a box in walls or ceilings of noncombustible 
material consistent with the National Electrical Code.

I. Revisions to Standards Incorporated by Reference (Reference 
Standards)

    The following is a list of the standards incorporated by reference 
that is being revised by this final rule. Each reference standard is 
preceded by an indicator to identify the type of change being made. A 
new reference standard being added is indicated by the designation 
``N,'' a reference standard being updated is indicated by the 
designation ``U,'' and a reference standard being deleted is indicated 
by the designation ``DELETED.'' In some cases, it was necessary to use 
a different or more recent edition of a reference standard than 
indicated in the proposed rule, because either the date of the standard 
was incorrectly cited or the reference standard was out of date and no 
longer available from the publishing organization. These changes in 
dates are identified in the list below by italics. In other cases, a 
proposed reference standard was not available and, as a result, HUD is 
retaining the existing reference standard. These changes are identified 
in the list below by a single asterisk. Two new proposed reference 
standards, not presently contained in the Construction and Safety 
Standards, could not be located, and have been eliminated from the 
final rule. These reference standards are identified in the list below 
by a double asterisk. The sections of the Construction and Safety 
Standards being amended by each modification are also shown on the 
right of each reference standard being added, updated, or deleted.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U
AA......................................      1994  Aluminum Design Manual,           3280.304(b).
                                                     Specifications and Guidelines
                                                     for Aluminum Structures, Part 1-
                                                     A, Sixth Edition, October 1994,
                                                     and Part 1-B, First Edition,
                                                     October 1994.
N
AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S.2-97..................      1997  Voluntary Specifications for      3280.304(b)(1);
                                                     Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood    3280.403(b)&(e); 3280.404
                                                     Windows and Glass Doors.          (b).
N
AAMA 1600/I.S. 7-00.....................      2003  Voluntary Specification for       3280.305.
                                                     Skylights.
U
AAMA 1701.2-95..........................      1995  Voluntary Standard Primary        3280.403(b); 3280.403(e);
                                                     Window and Sliding Glass Door     3280.404(b).
                                                     for Utilization in Manufactured
                                                     Housing.
U
AAMA 1702.2-95..........................      1995  Voluntary Standard Swinging       3280.405(b); 3280.405(e);
                                                     Exterior Passage Door for         3280.405(e)(2).
                                                     Utilization in Manufactured
                                                     Housing.
U
ANSI/AFPA NDS-2001......................      2001  National Design Specification     3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     for Wood Construction, 2001
                                                     Edition, with Supplement,
                                                     Design Values for Wood
                                                     Construction.
*
AFPA....................................      1992  Design Values for Joists and      3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Rafters.
U
AISI....................................      1996  Specification for the Design of   3280.304(b)(1);
                                                     Cold-Formed Steel Structural      3280.305(j)(1).
                                                     Members.
DELETED
ANSI C73.17.............................      1972  National Standard Dimensions of   3280.803(g).
                                                     Caps, Plugs, and Receptacles,
                                                     Ground Type.
U
ANSI Z21.1..............................      2000   Household Cooking Gas            3280.703.
                                                     Appliances.
U
ANSI Z21.5.1-1999; CSA 7.1-M99..........      1999  Gas Clothes Dryers Volume 1--     3280.703.
                                                     Type 1 Clothes Dryers with
                                                     Addendum Z21.5.1a-1999.
U
ANSI Z21.10.1-1998; CSA 4.1-M98.........      1998  Gas Water Heaters--Volume 1,      3280.703.
                                                     Storage Water Heaters with
                                                     Input Ratings of 75,000 BTU Per
                                                     Hour or Less with Addendum
                                                     Z21.10.1a-2000.

[[Page 72037]]

 
U
ANSI Z21.15-1997; CGA 9.1-M97...........      1997  Manually Operated Gas Valves for  3280.703.
                                                     Appliances, Appliance Connector
                                                     Valves, and Hose End Valves.
U
ANSI Z21.20.............................      2000  Automatic Gas Ignition Systems    3280.703.
                                                     and Components with Addendum
                                                     Z21.20a-2000.
U
ANSI Z21.21-2000; CSA 6.5-2000..........      2000  Automatic Valves for Gas          3280.703.
                                                     Appliances.
N
ANSI Z21.22-1999; CSA 4.4-M99...........      1999  Relief Values for Hot Water       3280.703.
                                                     Supply Systems.
*
ANSI Z21.23.............................      1989  Gas Appliance Thermostats with    3280.703.
                                                     Addendum Z21.23a-1991.
U
ANSI Z21.24-1997; CGA 6.10-M97..........      1997  Connectors for Gas Appliances...  3280.703.
U
ANSI Z21.40.1-1996; CGA 2.91-M96........      1996  Gas Fired, Heat Activated Air     3280.703; 3280.714(a)(2).
                                                     Conditioning and Heat Pump
                                                     Appliances.
*
ANSI Z21.47.............................      1990  Gas-Fired Central Furnaces        3280.703.
                                                     (Except Direct Vent System
                                                     Control Furnaces) with Addendum
                                                     Z21.47a-1990 and Z21.47b-1992.
*
ANSI Z21.64.............................      1990  Direct Vent Central Furnaces      3280.703.
                                                     with Addendum Z21.64a-1992
                                                     (Discontinued--Now part of
                                                     Z21.47).
U
ANSI Z34.1-1993.........................      1993  Third Party Certification         3280.403(e)(1);
                                                     Programs for Products,            3280.405(e)(1).
                                                     Processes, and Services.
N
ANSI Z124.5-1997........................      1997  Plastic Toilet (water closets)    3280.604(b).
                                                     Seats.
N
ANSI Z124.7-1997........................      1997  Prefabricated Plastic Spa Shells  3280.604(b).
**
ANSI Z124.8.............................      1990  Bathtub Liners..................  3280.604(b).
N
ANSI Z124.9-1994........................      1994  Plastic Urinal Fixtures.........  3280.604(b).
U
ANSI/AHA A135.4-1995....................      1995  Basic Hardboard.................  3280.304(b)(1).
U
ANSI/AHA A135.5-1995....................      1995  Prefinished Hardboard Paneling..  3280.304(b)(1).
U
ANSI/AHA A135.6-1998....................      1998  Hardboard Siding................  3280.304(b)(1).
U
ANSI A208.1-1999........................      1999  Particleboard...................  3280.304(b)(1).
N
ASME A112.4.1-1993......................      1993  Water Heater Relief Valve Drain   3280.604(b).
                                                     Tubes.
N
ASME A112.4.3-1999......................      1999  Plastic Fittings for Connecting   3280.604(b).
                                                     Water Closets to the Sanitary
                                                     Drainage System.
*
ANSI/ASME A112.18.1M....................      1989  Plumbing Fixture Fittings.......  3280.604(b).
N
ASME A112.18.3M-1996....................      1996  Performance Requirements for      3280.604(b).
                                                     Backflow Protection Devices and
                                                     Systems in Plumbing Fixture
                                                     Fittings.
N
ASME A112.18.6-1999.....................      1999  Flexible Water Connectors.......  3280.604(b).
N
ASME A112.18.7-1999.....................      1999  Deck Mounted Bath/Shower          3280.604(a).
                                                     Transfer Valves with Integral
                                                     Backflow Protection.
N
ASME A112.19.6..........................      1995  Hydraulic Performance             3280.604(b).
                                                     Requirements for Water Closets
                                                     and Urinals.
N
ASME A112.19.9M-1991....................      1991  Non-Vitreous Ceramic Plumbing     3280.604(b).
                                                     Fixtures.
N
ASME A112.19.10-1994....................      1994  Dual Flush Devices for Water      3280.604(b).
                                                     Closets.
N
ANSI/NEMA WD 6-1997.....................      1997  Wiring Devices--Dimensional       3280.803.
                                                     Specifications (Replaces C73.17
                                                     of the same title.).
N
ANSI/NSF 61-2001........................      2001  Drinking Water System             3280.604(b)(2).
                                                     Components--Health Effects.
DELETED
NWWDA IS 1-87...........................  ........  Wood Flush Doors................  3280.304(b)(1);
                                                                                       3280.405(c)(1).
DELETED

[[Page 72038]]

 
ANSI/NWWDA I.S.2-87.....................      1987  Wood Windows (This standard is    3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     replaced by AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S.2-
                                                     97 NWWDA [National Wood Window
                                                     and Door Association] is now
                                                     the WDMA [Window and Door
                                                     Manufacturers Association]).
DELETED
ANSI/NWWDA I.S.3-88.....................      1988  Wood Sliding Patio Doors (This    3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     standard is replaced by AAMA/
                                                     WDMA 101/I.S.2-97).
DELETED
NWWDA IS 4-88...........................  ........  Water Repellent Preservative Non  3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Pressure Treatment for Millwork.
DELETED
APA PRP E108, E445N.....................      1989  Performance Standards and         3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Policies.
U
APA E30P................................      1996  Design/Construction Guide         3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Residential and Commercial
                                                     Structures.
U
PS 1-95.................................      1995  Construction and Industrial       3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Plywood (with Typical APA
                                                     Trademarks).
*
PS 2-92 (also known as NIST Standard PS       1992  Voluntary Product Standard        3280.304(b)(1).
 2-96).                                              Performance Standard for Wood-
                                                     Based Structural Use Panels.
*
APA S 811M..............................      1990  Design and Fabrication of         3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Plywood Curved Panels, PDS
                                                     Suppl. 1.
*
APA S 812Q..............................      1992  Design and Fabrication of Glued   3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Plywood Lumber Beams PDS Suppl.
                                                     2.
*
APA U 813L..............................      1990  Design and Fabrication of         3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Plywood Stressed Skin Panels
                                                     PDS Suppl. 3.
U
APA H815E...............................      1995  Design and Fabrication of All     3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Plywood Beams (PDS Suppl. 5.).
N
APA D410A...............................      2004  Panel Design Specification......  3280.304(b)(1).
*
APA U814 H..............................      1990  Design and Fabrication of         3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Plywood Sandwich Panels, Suppl.
                                                     4.
N
SEI/ASCE-8-02...........................      2002  Specification for the Design of   3280.304(b)(1);
                                                     Cold-Formed Stainless Steel       3280.305(j).
                                                     Structural Members.
N
ASCE-19-96..............................      1996  Structural Applications of Steel  3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Cables for Buildings.
U
ASHRAE..................................      1997  1997 ASHRAE Handbook,             3280.508.
                                                     Fundamentals, Inch-Pound
                                                     Edition.
N
ASSE 1051 Revised: 1996; ANSI:       1990  Performance Requirements for Air  3280.604(b).
 1998.                                               Admittance Valves for Plumbing
                                                     Drainage Systems--Fixture and
                                                     Branch Devices.
U
ASTM A 539-99...........................      1999  Standard Specification for        3280.703; 3280.705(b)(4).
                                                     Electric-Resistance-Welded
                                                     Coiled Steel Tubing for Gas and
                                                     Fuel Oil Lines.
U
ASTM B 280-95...........................      1995  Standard Specification for        3280.703; 3280.705(b)(3);
                                                     Seamless Copper Tube for Air      3280.706(b)(3).
                                                     Conditioning and Refrigeration
                                                     Field Service.
U
ASTM C 36/C36M-99.......................      1999  Standard Specification for        3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Gypsum Wallboard.
U
ASTMD 4442-92 (Reapproved 1997).........      1997  Standard Test Methods for Direct  3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Moisture Content Measurement of
                                                     Wood and Wood-Base Materials.
U
ASTM E 84-01............................      2001  Standard Test Method for Surface  3280.203(a).
                                                     Burning Characteristics of
                                                     Building Materials.
U
ASTM E 96-95............................      1995  Standard Test Methods for Water   3280.504(a).
                                                     Vapor Transmission of Materials.
U
ASTM E 162-94...........................      1994  Standard Test Method for Surface  3280.203(a).
                                                     Flammability of Materials Using
                                                     a Radiant Heat Energy Source.
U
ASTM E 773-97...........................      1997  Standard Test Method for          3280.403(d)(2).
                                                     Accelerated Weathering of
                                                     Sealed Insulating Glass Units.
U
ASTM E 774-97...........................      1997  Standard Specification for the    3280.403(d)(2).
                                                     Classification of the
                                                     Durability of Sealed Insulating
                                                     Glass Units.
U
ASTM E 1333-96..........................      1996  Standard Test Method for          3280.406(b).
                                                     Determining Formaldehyde
                                                     Concentrations in Air and
                                                     Emission Rates from Wood
                                                     Products Using a Large Chamber.

[[Page 72039]]

 
U
HPVA Design Guide HP-SG-96..............      1996  Structural Design Guide for       3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Hardwood Plywood Wall Panels.
U
ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994 (Approved 1995).....      1994  American National Standard for    3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Hardwood and Decorative Plywood.
DELETED
HUD-FHA UM-25d-73.......................      1973  Application and Fastening         3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Schedule: Power-Driven, Driven
                                                     Fasteners, Use of Materials
                                                     Bulletin UM-25d.
U
IAPMO TSC 9-97..........................      1997  Standard for Gas Supply           3280.703.
                                                     Connectors for Manufactured
                                                     Homes.
* *
ANSI/IAS LC 1...........................      1997  Gas Piping Using Corrugated       3280.703.
                                                     Stainless Steel Tubing with
                                                     Addendum LC-1A-1999.
*
IITRI Fire and Safety Research Project        1979  Development of Mobile Home Fire   3280.207(a).
 J6461.                                              Test Methods to Judge the Fire-
                                                     Safe Performance of Foam
                                                     Plastic Sheathing and Cavity
                                                     Insulation (Note: this is an
                                                     editorial revision to correct
                                                     the title and insert the date
                                                     of publication only.).
N
NER-272.................................      1997  National Evaluation Report,       3280.304(b).
                                                     Power Driven Staples and Nails
                                                     for Use in All Types of
                                                     Buildings Construction. (This
                                                     is published by the National
                                                     Evaluation Service.).
U
NFPA 31.................................      1997  Standard for the Installation of  3280.703; 3280.707(f).
                                                     Oil-Burning Equipment.
U
NFPA 54-2002/ANSI Z223.1-2002...........      2002  National Fuel Gas Code..........  3280.703.
U
NFPA 58.................................      2001  Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code....  3280.703;
                                                                                       3280.704(b)(5)(i).
U
NFPA 70.................................      2005  National Electrical Code........  3280.801(a); 3280.801(b);
                                                                                       3280.803(k)(1); (k)(3);
                                                                                       3280.804(a);
                                                                                       3280.805(a)(3);
                                                                                       3280.806(a)(2);
                                                                                       3280.807(c);
                                                                                       3280.808(a)(m)&(q);
                                                                                       3280.811(b).
U
NFPA 220................................      1995  Standard on Types of Building     3280.202.
                                                     Construction, Chapter 2,
                                                     Definitions of ``limited
                                                     combustible'' and
                                                     ``noncombustible material''.
N
NFPA 255................................      1996  Standard Method of Test of        3280.203(a).
                                                     Surface Burning Characteristics
                                                     of Building Materials.
N
NFRC 100................................      1997  Procedure for Determining         3280.508(e).
                                                     Fenestration Product U-factors.
U
SJI.....................................      1994  Fortieth Edition Standard         3280.304(b)(1).
                                                     Specifications Load Tables and
                                                     Weight Tables for Steel Joist
                                                     and Joist Girders.
U
UL 94...................................      1996  Test for Flammability of Plastic  3280.715(e)(1).
                                                     Materials for Parts in Devices
                                                     and Appliances, Fifth Edition,
                                                     with 2001 revisions.
U
UL 103..................................      1995  Factory-Built Chimneys for        3280.703.
                                                     Residential Type and Building
                                                     Heating Appliances, Ninth
                                                     Edition, with 1999 revisions.
U
UL 109..................................      1997  Tube Fittings for Flammable and   3280.703.
                                                     Combustible Fluids,
                                                     Refrigeration Service, and
                                                     Marine Use, Sixth Edition, with
                                                     2001 revisions.
U
UL 127..................................      1996  Factory-Built Fireplaces,         3280.703.
                                                     Seventh Edition, with 1999
                                                     revisions.
U
UL 174..................................      1996  Household Electric Storage Tank   3280.703.
                                                     Water Heaters, Tenth Edition,
                                                     with 1997 revisions.
U
UL 181..................................      1996  Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air    3280.703; 3280.715(e).
                                                     Connectors, Ninth Edition, with
                                                     1998 revisions.
N
UL 181A.................................      1994  Closure Systems for Use with      3280.703; 3280.715(c).
                                                     Rigid Air Ducts and Air
                                                     Connectors, Second Edition,
                                                     with 1998 revisions.
N
UL 181B.................................      1995  Closure Systems for Use with      3280.703; 3280.715(c).
                                                     Flexible Air Ducts and Air
                                                     Connectors, First Edition, with
                                                     1998 revisions.
U
UL 307A.................................      1995  Liquid Fuel-Burning Heating       3280.703; 3280.707(f).
                                                     Appliances for Manufactured
                                                     Homes and Recreational
                                                     Vehicles, Seventh Edition, with
                                                     1997 revisions.

[[Page 72040]]

 
U
UL 307B.................................      1995  Gas-Burning Heating Appliances    3280.703.
                                                     for Manufactured Homes and
                                                     Recreational Vehicles, Fourth
                                                     Edition, with 1998 revisions.
U
UL 311..................................      1994  Roof Jacks for Manufactured       3280.703.
                                                     Homes and Recreational
                                                     Vehicles, Eighth Edition, with
                                                     1998 revisions.
U
UL 441..................................      1996  Gas Vents, Ninth Edition, with    3280.703.
                                                     1999 revisions.
DELETED
UL 465..................................      1987  Central Cooling Air Conditioners  3280.703.
                                                     (This standard is discontinued
                                                     and replaced by UL 1995.).
U
UL 569..................................      1995  Pigtails and Flexible Hose        3280.703; 3280.705.
                                                     Connectors for LP-Gas, Seventh
                                                     Edition, with 2001 revisions.
U
UL 737..................................      1996  Fireplace Stoves, Eighth          3280.703.
                                                     Edition, with 2000 revisions.
DELETED
UL 1025.................................      1991  Electric Air Heaters (This        3280.703.
                                                     standard is discontinued and
                                                     replaced by UL 2021.).
U
UL 1042.................................      1994  Electric Baseboard Heating        3280.703.
                                                     Equipment, Fourth Edition, with
                                                     1998 revisions.
U
UL 1482.................................      1996  Solid-Fuel Type Room Heaters,     3280.703.
                                                     Fifth Edition, with 2000
                                                     revisions.
N
UL 1995.................................      1995  Heating and Cooling Equipment,    3280.703.
                                                     Second Edition, with 1999
                                                     revisions (Replaces UL 465, UL
                                                     559 and UL 1096).
N
UL 2021.................................      1997  Fixed and Location-Dedicated      3280.703.
                                                     Electric Room Heaters, Second
                                                     Edition, with 1998 revisions
                                                     (Replaces UL 1025).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Findings and Certifications

Regulatory Planning and Review

    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) reviewed this rule under 
Executive Order 12866 (entitled ``Regulatory Planning and Review''). 
OMB determined that this rule is a ``significant regulatory action'' as 
defined in section 3(f) of the Order (although not an economically 
significant regulatory action, as provided under section 3(f)(1) of the 
Order). Any changes made to the rule subsequent to its submission to 
OMB are identified in the docket file, which is available for public 
inspection in the Regulations Division, Office of General Counsel, 
Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street, SW., 
Room 10276, Washington, DC 20410-0500.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection requirements contained in this rule are 
currently approved by OMB under section 3504(h) of the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520) and assigned OMB Control 
Number 2502-0253. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is 
not required to respond to a collection of information unless the 
collection displays a currently valid control number.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 
1531-1538) establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal 
governments and the private sector. This rule will not impose any 
Federal mandates on any State, local, or tribal government or the 
private sector within the meaning of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
of 1995.

Environmental Review

    A Finding of No Significant Impact with respect to the environment 
has been made in accordance with HUD regulations at 24 CFR part 50, 
which implement section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy 
Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)). Although the Finding of No 
Significant Regulatory Impact for the proposed rule remains applicable 
to the final rule, a Supplemental Finding of No Significant Regulatory 
Impact has been added to discuss changes made in the final rule. Both 
the Finding of No Significant Impact and the Supplemental Finding are 
available for public inspection between the hours of 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. 
weekdays in the Regulations Division, Office of General Counsel, 
Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street, SW., 
Room 10276, Washington, DC 20410-0500.

Impact on Small Entities

    The Secretary, in accordance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 
U.S.C. 605(b)), has reviewed and approved this final rule and in so 
doing certifies that the rule would not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. The rule would 
regulate establishments primarily engaged in making manufactured homes 
(NAICS 32991). The Small Business Administration's size standards 
define an establishment primarily engaged in making manufactured homes 
as small if it does not exceed 500 employees. Of the 222 firms included 
under this NAICS definition, 198 are small manufacturers that fall 
below the small business threshold of 500 employees. The final rule 
will apply to all of the manufacturers. The rule would, thus, affect a 
substantial number of small entities. However, based on an analysis of 
the costs and the fact that a small manufacturer would just as likely 
produce homes at the higher end of the cost spectrum as would a major 
producer, evaluating the effect of the increase is not discernible 
based on the size of the manufacturing operation. For the reasons 
stated below, HUD knows of no instance in which a manufacturer with 
fewer than 500 employees would be significantly affected by this rule.
    HUD, in cooperation with MHCC, previously conducted an economic 
cost impact analysis for this rule. A copy of the economic analysis is 
available for

[[Page 72041]]

public inspection and copying between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekdays at the 
Regulations Division, Office of General Counsel, Department of Housing 
and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street, SW., Room 10276, Washington, 
DC 20410-0500. The economic analysis previously concluded the potential 
cost impact, based on a per home cost, to be approximately $77.28 to 
retailers and $96.60 to purchasers or an estimated annual cost impact 
of $13,137,600 to retailers and $16,422,000 to purchasers. This is 
based on an estimated annual production rate of 170,000 manufactured 
homes per year. HUD now estimates that the annual projected cost 
impacts indicated in the proposed rule have been reduced by more than 
40 percent in the final rule, as a result of the removal of the 
revisions to the truss testing procedures from the final rule. Further, 
the final cost estimates would be even lower today based on present 
annual production rates, which range between 130,000 and 140,000 homes 
per year. In addition, the cost of the paperwork burden associated with 
this rule is estimated to be approximately $112,000 for the entire 
industry, which is less than an additional $1.00 per unit. Additional 
information about the paperwork burden can be found in the Paperwork 
Reduction Act section of the preamble. This does not represent a 
significant economic effect on either an industry-wide or on a per-unit 
basis.
    These relatively small increases in cost associated with this final 
rule would not impose a significant burden for a small business for 
homes that can cost the purchaser between $40,000 and $100,000. 
Therefore, although this rule would affect a substantial number of 
small entities, it would not have a significant economic impact on 
them.

Executive Order 13132, Federalism

    Executive Order 13132 (entitled ``Federalism'') prohibits, to the 
extent practicable and permitted by law, an agency from promulgating a 
regulation that has federalism implications and either imposes 
substantial direct compliance costs on State and local governments and 
is not required by statute, or preempts State law, unless the relevant 
requirements of section 6 of the Executive Order are met. This rule 
does not have federalism implications and does not impose substantial 
direct compliance costs on State and local governments or preempt State 
law within the meaning of the Executive Order.

V. Incorporation by Reference

    These reference standards are approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of these standards may be 
obtained from the following organizations:
    AA--The Aluminum Association, 1525 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600, 
Arlington, VA 22209, (703) 358-2960, www.aluminum.org.
    AFPA--American Forest and Paper Association, 1111 19th Street, NW., 
Washington, DC 20036, (202) 463-2700, fax (202) 463-5180, 
www.afandpa.org.
    AHA--American Hardboard Association, 1210 West Northwest Highway, 
Palatine, IL 60067, (847) 934-8800, fax (847) 934-8803, 
www.hardboard.org.
    AISI--American Iron and Steel Institute, 1101 17th Street, NW., 
Washington, DC 20036, (202) 452-7100, fax (202) 463-6573, www.aisc.org.
    ANSI--American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 
New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, fax (212) 398-0023, www.ansi.org.
    APA--The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 South 19th Street, 
Tacoma, WA 98411, (253) 565-6600, fax (253) 565-7265, www.apawood.org.
    ASCE--American Society of Civil Engineers, 1015 15th Street, NW., 
Washington, DC 20005, (202) 789-2200, fax (202) 289-6797, www.asce.org.
    ASHRAE--American Society for Heating, Refrigeration and Air 
Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tuillie Circle, NE., Atlanta, GA 30329, 
(404) 636-8400, fax (404) 321-5478, www.ashrae.org.
    ASME--American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive, P.O. 
Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007, 1-800 843-2763, fax 1-973-882-8113, 
www.asme.org.
    ASSE--American Society of Sanitary Engineering, P.O. Box 40362, Bay 
Village, OH 44140, (216) 835-3040, fax (216) 835-3488, www.asse-plumbing.org.
    ASTM--American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor 
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, (610) 832-9500, fax (610) 832-9555, 
www.astm.org.
    CSA (IAS)--CSA International (formerly International Approval 
Services), 8501 East Pleasant Valley Road, Cleveland, OH 44131, (216) 
524-4990, fax (216) 642-3463, www.csa-international.org.
    CPA--Composite Panel Association (formerly the National Particle-
board Association) 18928 Premier Court, Gaithersburg, MD 20879-1574, 
(301) 670-0604, fax (301) 840-1252, www.pbmdf.com.
    HPVA--Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, 1825 Michael Faraday 
Drive, Reston, VA 22090, (703) 435-2900, fax (703) 435-2537, 
www.hpva.org.
    HUD--Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of 
Manufactured Housing Programs, 451 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 
20410, (202) 708-6423, fax (202) 708-4213.
    IAPMO--International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical 
Officials, 20001 Walnut Drive South, Walnut, CA 91789, (909) 595-8449, 
fax (909) 594-1537, www.iapmo.org.
    IIT--IIT Research Institute, 10 West 35th Street, Chicago, IL 
60616, (312) 567-3000, fax (312) 567-4167, www.iitri.org.
    NEMA--National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 
17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209, (703) 841-3200, fax (703) 
841-5900, http://www.nema.org.
    NER--International Code Council Evaluation Service [Previously 
known as National Evaluation Service], 5360 Workman Mill Road, 
Whittier, CA 90601-0543.
    NFPA--National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, 
Quincy, MA 02269, (617) 770-3000, fax (617) 770-0700, www.nfpa.org.
    NFRC--National Fenestration Rating Council, Incorporated, 1300 
Spring Street, Suite 120, Silver Spring, MD 20910, (301) 589-6372, fax 
(301) 588-0854, www.nfrc.org.
    NSF--NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, MI 48113, (313) 
769-8010, fax (313) 769-0109, www.nsf.org.
    PS--National Institute of Standards and Technology, Voluntary 
Product Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20810, (301) 975-2000, fax (301) 
926-1559, www.nist.gov.
    SJI--Steel Joist Institute, 1205 48th Avenue North, Suite A, Myrtle 
Beach, SC 29577, (803) 626-1995, fax (803) 449-1343, 
www.steeljoist.org.
    TPI--Truss Plate Institute, 583 D'Onofrio Drive, Suite 200, 
Madison, WI 53719, (608) 833-5900, fax (608) 833-4360, www.tpinst.org.
    UL--Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 
60062, (847) 272-8800, fax (847) 509-6257, www.ul.com.
    WDMA (NWWDA)--Window and Door Manufacturers Association (formerly 
the National Wood Window and Door Association), 1400 East Touhy Avenue, 
Des Plaines, IL 60018, (847) 299-5200, fax (847) 299-1286, 
www.wdma.com.

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance

    The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance number for 
Manufactured

[[Page 72042]]

Housing Construction and Safety Standards is 14.171.

List of Subjects in 24 CFR Part 3280

    Housing standards, Incorporation by reference, Manufactured homes.

0
Accordingly, for the reasons stated in the preamble, HUD is amending 24 
CFR part 3280 as follows:

PART 3280--MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS

0
1. The authority citation for part 3280 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 3535(d), 5403, and 5424.


0
2. In Sec.  3280.4(b), revise the address for HUD User and add the 
following organizations to the list in alphabetical order to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.4  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    HUD User, 11491 Sunset Hills Road, Reston, VA 20190-5254
     * * *
    NEMA--National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 
17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209
    NER--International Code Council Evaluation Service [Previously 
known as National Evaluation Service], 5360 Workman Mill Road, 
Whittier, CA 90601-0543
    * * *
    NFRC--National Fenestration Rating Council, 8984 Georgia Avenue, 
Suite 320, Silver Spring, MD 20910
    * * *
    WDMA--Window and Door Manufacturers Association [Previously 
known as the National Wood Window and Door Association, NWWDA], 1400 
East Touhy Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018

* * * * *


0
3. In Sec.  3280.103, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.103  Light and ventilation.

* * * * *
    (b) Whole-house ventilation. Each manufactured home must be 
provided with whole-house ventilation having a minimum capacity of 
0.035 ft\3\/min/ft\2\ of interior floor space or its hourly average 
equivalent. This ventilation capacity must be in addition to any 
openable window area. In no case shall the installed ventilation 
capacity of the system be less than 50 cfm nor more than 90 cfm. The 
following criteria must be adhered to:
    (1) The ventilation capacity must be provided by a mechanical 
system or a combination passive and mechanical system. The ventilation 
system or provisions for ventilation must not create a positive 
pressure in Uo Value Zone 2 and Zone 3 or a negative pressure condition 
in Uo Value Zone 1. Mechanical systems must be balanced. Combination 
passive and mechanical systems must have adequately sized inlets or 
exhaust to release any unbalanced pressure. Temporary pressure 
imbalances due to gusting or high winds are permitted.
    (2) The ventilation system or provisions for ventilation must 
exchange air directly with the exterior of the home, except the 
ventilation system, or provisions for ventilation must not draw or 
expel air with the space underneath the home. The ventilation system or 
provisions for ventilation must not draw or expel air into the floor, 
wall, or ceiling/roof systems, even if those systems are vented. The 
ventilation system must be designed to ensure that outside air is 
distributed to all bedrooms and main living areas. The combined use of 
undercut doors or transom grills connecting those areas to the room 
where the mechanical system is located is deemed to meet this 
requirement.
    (3) The ventilation system or a portion of the system is permitted 
to be integral with the home's heating or cooling system. The system 
must be capable of operating independently of the heating or cooling 
modes. A ventilation system that is integral with the heating or 
cooling system is to be listed as part of the heating and cooling 
system or listed as suitable for use with that system.
    (4) A mechanical ventilation system, or mechanical portion thereof, 
must be provided with a manual control, and must be permitted to be 
provided with automatic timers or humidistats.
    (5) A whole-house ventilation label must be attached to the whole-
house ventilation control, must be permanent, and must state: ``WHOLE-
HOUSE VENTILATION''.
    (6) Instructions for correctly operating and maintaining whole-
house ventilation systems must be included with the homeowner's manual. 
The instructions must encourage occupants to operate these systems 
whenever the home is occupied, and must refer to the labeled whole-
house ventilation control.
* * * * *

0
4. In Sec.  3280.202, revise the definition of ``Limited combustible'' 
and the definition of ``Noncombustible material'' to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.202  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Limited combustible: A material meeting:
    (1) The definition contained in Chapter 2 of NFPA 220-1995, 
Standard on Types of Building Construction; or
    (2) \5/16\-inch or thicker gypsum board.
    Noncombustible material: A material meeting the definition 
contained in Chapter 2 of NFPA 220-1995, Standard on Types of Building 
Construction.
* * * * *

0
5. In Sec.  3280.203, revise paragraph (a) introductory text to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.203  Flame spread limitations and fire protection 
requirements.

    (a) Establishment of flame spread rating. The surface flame spread 
rating of interior-finish material must not exceed the value shown in 
Sec.  3280.203(b) when tested by Standard Test Method for Surface 
Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, ASTM E84-01, 2001, or 
Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building 
Materials NFPA 255, 1996, except that the surface flame spread rating 
of interior-finish materials required by Sec.  3280.203(b)(5) and (6) 
may be determined by using the Standard Test Method for Surface 
Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, ASTM E 
162-94. However, the following materials need not be tested to 
establish their flame spread rating unless a lower rating is required 
by the standards in this part:
* * * * *

0
6. Revise Sec.  3280.206 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.206  Fireblocking.

    (a) General. Fireblocking must comply with the requirements of this 
section. The integrity of all fireblocking materials must be 
maintained.
    (b) Fireblocking materials. Fireblocking must consist of the 
following materials:
    (1) Minimum one inch nominal lumber, \5/16\ inch thick gypsum 
board, or equivalent fire resistive materials; or
    (2) Other Listed or Approved Materials;
    (c) Fireblocking locations. (1) Fireblocking must be installed in 
concealed spaces of stud walls, partitions, and furred spaces at the 
floor and ceiling levels. Concealed spaces must not communicate between 
floor levels. Concealed spaces must not communicate between a ceiling 
level and a concealed roof area, or an attic space.
    (2) Fireblocking must be installed at the interconnection of a 
concealed vertical space and a concealed horizontal space that occurs:
    (i) Between a concealed wall cavity and the ceiling joists above; 
and
    (ii) At soffits, drop ceilings, cover ceilings, and similar 
locations.
    (3) Fireblocking must be installed around the openings for pipes, 
vents,

[[Page 72043]]

and other penetrations in walls, floors, and ceilings of furnace and 
water heater spaces. Pipes, vents, and other penetrations that cannot 
be moved freely within their opening are considered to be fireblocked. 
Materials used to fireblock heat producing vent penetrations must be 
noncombustible or limited combustible types.

0
7. In Sec.  3280.207, revise paragraph (a)(4) introductory text to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.207  Requirements for foam plastic thermal insulating 
materials.

    (a) * * *
    (4) The foam plastic insulating material has been tested as 
required for its location in wall and/or ceiling cavities in accordance 
with testing procedures described in the Illinois Institute of 
Technology Research Institute (IIT) Report, ``Development of Mobile 
Home Fire Test Methods to Judge the Fire-Safe Performance of Foam 
Plastic Sheathing and Cavity Insulation, IITRI Fire and Safety Research 
Project J-6461, 1979'' or other full-scale fire tests accepted by HUD, 
and it is installed in a manner consistent with the way the material 
was installed in the foam plastic test module. The materials must be 
capable of meeting the following acceptance criteria required for their 
location:
* * * * *

0
8. In Sec.  3280.303, paragraph (g) is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.303  General requirements.

* * * * *
    (g) Alternative test procedures. In the absence of recognized 
testing procedures either in the Standards in this part or in the 
applicable provisions of those standards incorporated in this part by 
reference, the manufacturer electing this option must develop or cause 
to be developed testing procedures to demonstrate the structural 
properties and significant characteristics of the material, assembly, 
subassembly component, or member, except for testing methods involving 
one-piece metal roofing as would be required in Sec.  
3280.305(c)(1)(iii). Such testing procedures become part of the 
manufacturer's approved design. Such tests must be witnessed by an 
independent licensed professional engineer or architect or by a 
recognized testing organization. Copies of the test results must be 
kept on file by the manufactured home manufacturer.
    9. In Sec.  3280.304, revise paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.304  Materials.

* * * * *
    (b)(1) Standards for some of the generally used materials and 
methods of construction are listed in the following table:

Aluminum

    Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for 
Aluminum Structures, Part 1-A, Sixth Edition, October 1994, and Part 
1-B, First Edition, October 1994.

Steel

    Specification for Structural Steel Buildings--Allowable Stress 
Design and Plastic Design--AISC-S335, 1989. The following parts of 
this reference standard are not applicable: 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5, 
1.3.6, 1.4.6, 1.5.1.5, 1.5.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10.4 through 
1.10.7, 1.10.9, 1.11, 1.13, 1.14.5, 1.17.7 through 1.17.9, 1.19.1, 
1.19.3, 1.20, 1.21, 1.23.7, 1.24, 1.25.1 through 1.25.5, 1.26.4, 
2.3, 2.4, 2.8 through 2.10.
    Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural 
Members--AISI-1996.
    Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel 
Structural Members--SEI/ASCE 8-02, 2002.
    Standard Specifications Load Tables and Weight Tables for Steel 
Joists and Joist Girders, SJI, Fortieth Edition, 1994.
    Structural Applications of Steel Cables for Buildings--ASCE19, 
1996.
    Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals--ASTM 
D3953, 1991.

Wood and Wood Products

    Basic Hardboard--ANSI/AHA A135.4-1995.
    Prefinished Hardboard Paneling--ANSI/AHA A135.5-1995.
    Hardboard Siding--ANSI/AHA A135.6-1998.
    American National Standard for Hardwood and Decorative Plywood--
ANSI/HPVA HP-1-1994 (Approved 1995).
    Structural Design Guide for Hardwood Plywood Wall Panels--HPVA 
Design Guide HP-SG-96, 1996.
    For wood products--Structural Glued Laminated Timber--ANSI/AITC 
A190.1-1992.
    Construction and Industrial Plywood (With Typical APA 
Trademarks)--PS 1-95.
    APA Design/Construction Guide, Residential and Commercial--APA 
E30-P-1996.
    Design Specifications for Metal Plate and Wood Connected 
Trusses--TPI-85.
    Design and Fabrication of All-Plywood Beams--APA H-815E (PDS 
Supplement 5), 1995.
    Panel Design Specification--APA D410A, 2004.
    Design and Fabrication of Glued Plywood-Lumber Beams--APA-S 
812Q, Suppl. 2-1992.
    Design and Fabrication of Plywood Curved Panels--APA-S 811M, 
Suppl. 1, 1990.
    Design and Fabrication of Plywood Sandwich Panels--APA-U 814H, 
Suppl. 4, 1990.
    Voluntary Product Standard, Performance Standard for Wood-based 
Structural Use Panels--PS 2-92, 1992 (also known as NIST Standard PS 
2-96).
    Design and Fabrication of Plywood Stressed-Skin Panels--APA-U 
813L, Suppl. 3, 1990.
    National Design Specifications for Wood Construction, 2001 
Edition, with Supplement, Design Values for Wood Construction, NDS-
2001, ANSI/AFPA.
    Wood Structural Design Data, 1989, Revised 1992, AFPA.
    Span Tables for Joists and Rafters--PS-20-70, 1993, AFPA.
    Design Values for Joists and Rafters 1992, AFPA.
    Particleboard--ANSI A208.1-1999.
    Voluntary Specifications for Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood 
Windows and Glass Doors--ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S.2-97.
    Standard Test Methods for Puncture and Stiffness of Paperboard, 
and Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard--ASTM D781, 1973.
    Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of 
Wood and Wood-Base Materials--ASTM D 4442-92 (Re-approved 1997), 
1997.
    Standard Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-Held 
Moisture Meters--ASTM D4444, 1992.

Other

    Standard Specification for Gypsum Wallboard--ASTM C 36/C 36M-99, 
1999.

Fasteners

    National Evaluation Report, Power Driven Staples, Nails, and 
Allied Fasteners for Use in All Types of Building Construction--NER-
272, 1997.

Unclassified

    Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures--ASCE 7-
1988.
    Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test for Safety 
Glazing Materials Used in Building--ANSI Z97.1-1984.

* * * * *

0
10. In Sec.  3280.305:
0
A. Add paragraph (c)(1)(iii);
0
B. Add paragraphs (c)(3)(i)(A) through (C) following the table in 
paragraph (c)(3)(i);
0
C. Add paragraph (c)(3)(iv);
0
D. Revise paragraph (e);
0
E. Redesignate paragraphs (g)(3) through (g)(5) as paragraphs (g)(4) 
through (g)(6);
0
F. Add new paragraph (g)(3);
0
G. Redesignate paragraph (i)(l) as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Old paragraph                        New paragraph
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i)(1)(i).................................  (j)(1)
(i)(1)(ii)................................  (j)(2)
(i)(1)(ii)(A).............................  (j)(2)(i)
(i)(1)(ii)(B).............................  (j)(2)(ii)
(i)(1)(ii)(C).............................  (j)(2)(iii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
H. Reserve vacated paragraph (i); and
0
I. Revise newly redesignated paragraph (j)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.305  Structural design requirements.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *

[[Page 72044]]

    (1) * * *
    (iii) One-piece metal roofing capable of resisting the design wind 
pressures for ``Components and Cladding: (Exterior roof coverings)'' in 
the Table for Design Wind Pressures in this section is allowed to be 
used without structural sheathing, provided the metal roofing is tested 
using procedures that have been approved by HUD and that meet all 
requirements of Sec. Sec.  3280.303(c) and (g) and 3280.401.
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (A) North Roof Load Zone. The following counties in each of the 
following states are deemed to be within the North Roof Load Zone:
    Maine--Aroostook, Piscataquis, Somerset, Penobscot, Waldo, Knox, 
Hancock, and Washington.
Alaska--All Counties
    (B) Middle Roof Load Zone. The following counties in each of the 
following states are deemed to be within the Middle Roof Load Zone:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             States                                                  Counties
--------------------------------
South Dakota...................  Grant                Brookings           Hanson              Lincoln
                                 Codington            Miner               Minnehaha           Yankton
                                 Deuel                Lake                Hutchinson          Union
                                 Hamlin               Moody               Turner              Clay
                                 Kingsbury            McCook              ..................  ..................
Minnesota......................  Koochiching          Stearns             Renville            Sibley
                                 Itasca               Swift               McLeod              Nicollet
                                 Hubbard              Kandiyohi           Carver              Blue Earth
                                 Cass                 Meeker              Dakota              Martin
                                 Crow Wing            Wright              Goodhue             Watonwan
                                 Aitkin               Lac qui Parle       Wabasha             Brown
                                 St. Louis            Chippewa            Winona              Redwood
                                 Lake                 Yellow Medicine     Fillmore            Lyon
                                 Cook                 Mille Lacs          Mower               Lincoln
                                 Carlton              Kanabec             Olmsted             Pipestone
                                 Pine                 Benton              Dodge               Murray
                                 Wadena               Isanti              Rice                Cottonwood
                                 Todd                 Sherburne           Steele              Jackson
                                 Morrison             Anoka               Freeborn            Nobles
                                 Douglas              Chisapo             Faribault           Rock
                                 Grant                Washington          Waseca              St. Croix
                                 Stevens              Hennepin            Le Sueur            ..................
                                 Pope                 Ramsey              Scott               ..................
Iowa...........................  Hanock               Mitchell            Hamilton            Buena Vista
                                 Lyon                 Howard              Webster             Cherokee
                                 Osceola              Chickasaw           Calhoun             Plymouth
                                 Dickinson            Butler              Sac                 Sioux
                                 Emmet                Floyd               Ida                 O'Brien
                                 Kossuth              Cerro Gordo         Humboldt            Clay
                                 Winnebago            Franklin            Pocahontas          Wright
                                 Worth                Hardin              Palo Alto           Crawford
Wisconsin......................  Douglas              Oconto              Pepin               Lincoln
                                 Bayfied              Menominee           Pierce              Oneida
                                 Ashland              Langlade            Dunn                Polk
                                 Iron                 Marathon            Eau Claire          Burnett
                                 Vilas                Clark               Chippewa            Washburn
                                 Forest               Jackson             Rusk                Sawyer
                                 Florence             Trempealeau         Barron              Price
                                 Marinette            Buffalo             Taylor              Doon
Michigan.......................  Houghton             Iron                Presque Isle        Wexford
                                 Baraga               Dickinson           Charlevoix          Benzie
                                 Marquette            Menominee           Montmorency         Grand Traverse
                                 Alger                Delta               Alpena              Kalkaska
                                 Luce                 Schoolcraft         Alcona              Oscoda
                                 Chippewa             Mackinaw            Ogemaw              Otsego
                                 Keweenaw             Cheyboygan          Roscommon           Leelanau
                                 Ontonagon            Emmet               Missaukee           Antrim
                                 Gogebic              ..................  ..................  ..................
New York.......................  St. Lawrence         Herkimer            Onondage            Genesee
                                 Franklin             Lewis               Madison             Orleans
                                 Clinton              Oswego              Cayuga              Niagara
                                 Essex                Jefferson           Seneca              Erie
                                 Hamilton             Oneida              Wayne               Wyoming
                                 Warren               Fulton              Ontario             Monroe
                                 Saratoga             Montgomery          Yates               ..................
                                 Washington           Schenectady         Livingston          ..................
Massachusetts..................  Essex                ..................  ..................  ..................
Maine..........................  Franklin             Kennebec            Lincoln             Cumberland
                                 Oxford               Androscoggin        Sagadahoc           York
Montana........................  All Counties         ..................  ..................  ..................
Idaho..........................  All Counties         ..................  ..................  ..................
Colorado.......................  All Counties         ..................  ..................  ..................

[[Page 72045]]

 
Wyoming........................  All Counties         ..................  ..................  ..................
Utah...........................  All Counties         ..................  ..................  ..................
Vermont........................  Franklin             Orleans             Caledonia           Addison
                                 Grand Isle           Essex               Washington          Rutland
                                 Lamoille             Chittendon          Orange              Windsor
New Hampshire..................  Coos                 Belknap             Sullivan            Hillsborough
                                 Grafton              Strafford           Rockingham          Cheshire
                                 Carroll              Merrimack           ..................  ..................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (C) South Roof Load Zone. The states and counties that are not 
listed for the North Roof Load Zone in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(A) of this 
section, or the Middle Roof Load Zone in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(B) of this 
section, are deemed to be within the South Roof Load Zone.
* * * * *
    (iv) Skylights must be capable of withstanding roof loads as 
specified in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) or (c)(3)(ii) of this section. 
Skylights must be listed and tested in accordance with AAMA 1600/I.S.7-
00, 2003, Voluntary Specification for Skylights.
* * * * *
    (e) Fastening of structural systems. (1) Roof framing must be 
securely fastened to wall framing, walls to floor structure, and floor 
structure to chassis, to secure and maintain continuity between the 
floor and chassis in order to resist wind overturning, uplift, and 
sliding, and to provide continuous load paths for these forces to the 
foundation or anchorage system. The number and type of fasteners used 
must be capable of transferring all forces between elements being 
joined.
    (2) For Wind Zone II and Wind Zone III, roof framing members must 
be securely fastened at the vertical bearing points to resist design 
overturning, uplift, and sliding forces. When engineered connectors are 
not installed, roof framing members must be secured at the vertical 
bearing points to wall framing members (studs), and wall framing 
members (studs) must be secured to floor framing members, with 0.016 
inch base metal, minimum steel strapping or engineered connectors, or 
by a combination of 0.016 inch base metal, minimum steel strapping or 
engineered connectors, and structural-rated wall sheathing that 
overlaps the roof and floor system if substantiated by structural 
analysis or by suitable load tests. Steel strapping or engineered 
connectors are to be installed at a maximum spacing of 24 inches on 
center in Wind Zone II, and 16 inches on center in Wind Zone III. 
Exception: Where substantiated by structural analysis or suitable load 
tests, the 0.016 inch base metal minimum steel strapping or engineered 
connectors may be omitted at the roof to wall and/or wall to floor 
connections, when structural rated sheathing that overlaps the roof and 
wall and/or wall and floor is capable of resisting the applicable 
design wind loads.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (3) Wood panel products used as floor or subfloor materials on the 
exterior of the home, such as in recessed entryways, must be rated for 
exterior exposure and protected from moisture by sealing or applying 
nonabsorbent overlay with water resistant adhesive.
* * * * *
    (j) Welded connections. (1) All welds must be made in accordance 
with the applicable provisions of the Specification for Structural 
Steel Buildings, Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, AISC-S335, 
1989; the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural 
Members, AISI, 1996; and the Specification for the Design of Cold-
Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members, SEI/ASCE 8-02, 2002.
* * * * *

0
11. In Sec.  3280.306, revise paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.306  Windstorm protection.

* * * * *
    (b) Contents of instructions. (1) The manufacturer must provide 
printed instructions with each manufactured home that specify the 
location and required capacity of stabilizing devices on which the 
home's design is based. The manufacturer must identify by paint, label, 
decal stencil, or other means: the location of each column support pier 
location required along the marriage line(s) of multi-section 
manufactured homes; each pier location required along the perimeter of 
the home; each required shear wall pier support; and any other special 
pier support locations specified in the manufacturer's printed 
instructions. Such identifications must be visible after the home is 
installed. The manufacturer must provide drawings and specifications, 
certified by a registered professional engineer or architect, that 
indicate at least one acceptable system of anchoring, including the 
details or required straps or cables, their end connections, and all 
other devices needed to transfer the wind loads from the manufactured 
home to an anchoring or foundation system.
* * * * *

0
12. In Sec.  3280.401, revise paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.401  Structural load tests.

* * * * *
    (a) Proof load tests. Every structural assembly tested must be 
capable of sustaining its dead load plus superimposed live loads equal 
to 1.75 times the required live loads for a period of 12 hours without 
failure. Tests must be conducted with loads applied and deflections 
recorded in \1/4\ design live load increments at 10-minute intervals 
until 1.25 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. 
Additional load shall then be applied continuously until 1.75 times 
design live load plus dead load has been reached. Assembly failure 
shall be considered as design live load deflection (or residual 
deflection measured 12 hours after live load removal) that is greater 
than the limits set in Sec.  3280.305(d), rupture, fracture, or 
excessive yielding. Design live load deflection criteria do not apply 
when the structural assembly being evaluated does not include 
structural framing members. An assembly to be tested shall be of the 
minimum quality of materials and workmanship of the production. Each 
test assembly, component, or subassembly shall be identified as to type 
and quality or grade of material. All assemblies, components, or 
subassemblies qualifying under this test shall be subject to a 
continuing qualification testing program acceptable to HUD.
    (b) Ultimate load tests. Ultimate load tests must be performed on a 
minimum of three assemblies or components to generally evaluate the 
structural design. Every structural assembly or component tested must 
be capable of sustaining its total dead load plus the design live load 
increased by a factor of safety of at least 2.5. A factor of safety 
greater than 2.5 shall be used when required by an applicable reference 
standard in Sec.  3280.304(b)(1). Tests shall be conducted with loads 
applied and deflections recorded in 1/4 design live load increments at 
10-minute intervals

[[Page 72046]]

until 1.25 times design live load plus dead load has been reached. 
Additional loading shall then be applied continuously until failure 
occurs, or the total of the factor of safety times the design live load 
plus the dead load is reached. Assembly failure shall be considered as 
design live load deflection greater than the limits set in Sec.  
3280.305(d), rupture, fracture, or excessive yielding. Design live load 
deflection criteria do not apply when the structural assembly being 
evaluated does not include structural framing members. Assemblies to be 
tested shall be representative of average quality or materials and 
workmanship of the production. Each test assembly, component, or 
subassembly shall be identified as to type and quality or grade of 
material. All assemblies, components, or subassemblies qualifying under 
this test shall be subject to a periodic qualification testing program 
acceptable to HUD.

0
13. In Sec.  3280.403, revise paragraph (b), paragraph (d)(2), and 
paragraph (e) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.403  Standard for windows and sliding glass doors used in 
manufactured homes.

* * * * *
    (b) Standard. All primary windows and sliding glass doors shall 
comply with AAMA 1701.2-95, Voluntary Standard Primary Window and 
Sliding Glass Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, except the 
exterior and interior pressure tests must be conducted at the design 
wind loads required for components and cladding specified in Sec.  
3280.305(c)(1).
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Sealed insulating glass, where used, must meet all performance 
requirements for Class C in accordance with ASTM E 774-97, Standard 
Specification for the Classification of the Durability of Sealed 
Insulating Glass Units. The sealing system must be qualified in 
accordance with ASTM E 773-97, Standard Test Methods for Accelerated 
Weathering of Sealed Insulating Glass Units. Each glass unit must be 
permanently identified with the name of the insulating glass 
manufacturer.
    (e) Certification. All primary windows and sliding glass doors to 
be installed in manufactured homes must be certified as complying with 
AAMA 1701.2-95. This certification must be based on tests conducted at 
the design wind loads specified in Sec.  3280.305(c)(1).
    (1) All such windows and doors must show evidence of certification 
by affixing a quality certification label to the product in accordance 
with ANSI Z34.1-1993, Third-Party Certification Programs for Products, 
Processes, and Services.
    (2) In determining certifiability of the products, an independent 
quality assurance agency shall conduct pre-production specimen tests in 
accordance with AAMA 1701.2-95. Further, such agency must inspect the 
product manufacturer's facility at least twice per year.
* * * * *

0
14. In Sec.  3280.404, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.404  Standard for egress windows and devices for use in 
manufactured homes.

* * * * *
    (b) Performance. Egress windows including auxiliary frame and 
seals, if any, shall meet all requirements of AAMA 1701.2-95, Voluntary 
Standard Primary Window and Sliding Glass Door for Utilization in 
Manufactured Housing and AAMA Standard 1704-1985, Voluntary Standard 
Egress Window Systems for Utilization in Manufactured Housing, except 
the exterior and interior pressure tests for components and cladding 
must be conducted at the design wind loads required by Sec.  
3280.305(c)(1).
* * * * *

0
15. In Sec.  3280.405, revise paragraphs (b), (c) and (e) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.405  Standard for swinging exterior passage doors for use in 
manufactured homes.

* * * * *
    (b) Performance requirements. The design and construction of 
exterior door units must meet all requirements of AAMA 1702.2-95, 
Voluntary Standard Swinging Exterior Passage Door for Utilization in 
Manufactured Housing.
    (c) Materials and methods. Any material or method of construction 
shall conform to the performance requirements as outlined in paragraph 
(b) of this section. Plywood shall be exterior type and preservative 
treated in accordance with NWWDA I.S.4-81, Water Repellent Preservative 
Non-Pressure Treatment for Millwork.
* * * * *
    (e) Certification. All swinging exterior doors to be installed in 
manufactured homes must be certified as complying with AAMA 1702.2-95, 
Voluntary Standard Swinging Exterior Passage Door for Utilization in 
Manufactured Housing.
    (1) All such doors must show evidence of certification by affixing 
a quality certification label to the product in accordance with ANSI 
Z34.1-1993, Third Party Certification Programs for Products, Processes, 
and Services.
    (2) In determining certifiability of the products, an independent 
quality assurance agency must conduct a pre-production specimen test in 
accordance with AAMA 1702.2-95, Voluntary Standard Swinging Exterior 
Passage Door for Utilization in Manufactured Housing.
* * * * *

0
16. In Sec.  3280.406, revise the introductory text in paragraph (b) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.406  Air chamber test method for certification and 
qualification of formaldehyde emission levels.

* * * * *
    (b) Testing. Testing must be conducted in accordance with the 
Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Levels from Wood 
Products Under Defined Test Conditions Using a Large Chamber, ASTM E 
1333-96, with the following exceptions:
* * * * *

0
17. In Sec.  3280.504, revise paragraph (a)(1) and paragraph (b) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.504  Condensation control and installation of vapor 
retarders.

    (a) Ceiling vapor retarders. (1) In Uo Value Zones 2 and 
3, ceilings must have a vapor retarder with a permeance of not greater 
than 1 perm (as measured by ASTM E 96-95 Standard Test Methods for 
Water Vapor Transmission of Materials) installed on the living space 
side of the roof cavity.
* * * * *
    (b) Exterior walls. (1) Exterior walls must have a vapor retarder 
with a permeance no greater than 1 perm (dry cup method) installed on 
the living space side of the wall; or
    (2) Unventilated wall cavities must have an external covering and/
or sheathing that forms the pressure envelope. The covering and/or 
sheathing must have a combined permeance of not less than 5.0 perms. In 
the absence of test data, combined permeance is permitted to be 
computed using the following formula: P total = (1/[(1/P1) + 
(1/P2)]), where P1 and P2 are the 
permeance values of the exterior covering and sheathing in perms. 
Formed exterior siding applied in sections with joints not caulked or 
sealed, are not considered to restrict water vapor transmission; or
    (3) Wall cavities must be constructed so that ventilation is 
provided to dissipate any condensation occurring in these cavities; or

[[Page 72047]]

    (4) Homes manufactured to be sited in ``humid climates'' or 
``fringe climates'' as shown on the Humid and Fringe Climate Map in 
this paragraph are permitted to have a vapor retarder specified in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section installed on the exterior side of the 
wall insulation or be constructed with an external covering and 
sheathing with a combined permeance of not greater than 1.0 perms, 
provided the interior finish and interior wall panel materials have a 
combined permeance of not less than 5.0 perms. The following need not 
meet the minimum combined permeance rating of not less than 5.0 perms 
for interior finish or wall panel materials:
    (i) Kitchen back splash materials, less than 50 square feet in area 
installed around countertops, sinks, and ranges;
    (ii) Bathroom tub areas, shower compartments;
    (iii) Cabinetry and built-in furniture;
    (iv) Trim materials;
    (v) Hardboard wall paneling of less than 50 square feet in area 
under chair rails.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30NO05.067

    (5) The following areas of local governments (counties or similar 
areas, unless otherwise specified), listed by state are deemed to be 
within the humid and fringe climate areas shown on the Humid and Fringe 
Climate Map in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, and the vapor retarder 
or construction methods specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section 
may be applied to homes built to be sited within these jurisdictions:

Alabama

    Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, 
Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Dale, Escambia, Geneva, Henry, Houston, 
Lowndes, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Washington, Wilcox.

Florida

    All counties and locations within the State of Florida.

Georgia

    Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Brantley, 
Brooks, Bryan, Calhoun, Camden, Charlton, Chatham, Clay, Clinch, 
Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Crisp, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, 
Effingham, Evans, Glynn, Wayne, Grady, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Lanier, Lee, 
Liberty, Long, Lowndes, McIntosh, Miller, Mitchell, Pierce, Quitman, 
Randolph, Seminole, Tattnall, Terrell, Thomas, Tift, Turner, Ware, 
Worth.

Hawaii

    All counties and locations within the State of Hawaii.

Louisiana

    All counties and locations within the State of Louisiana.

Mississippi

    Adams, Amite, Claiborne, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Forrest, 
Franklin, George, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Hinds, Issaquena, Jackson, 
Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Lawrence, Lincoln, 
Pearl River, Perry, Pike, Rankin, Simpson, Smith, Stone, Walthall, 
Warren, Wayne, Wilkinson.

North Carolina

    Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender.

South Carolina

    Jasper, Beaufort, Colleton, Dorchester, Charleston, Berkeley, 
Georgetown, Horry.

Texas

    Anderson, Angelina, Aransas, Atascosa, Austin, Bastrop, Bee, Bexar, 
Brazoria, Brazos, Brooks, Burleson, Caldwell, Calhoun, Cameron, Camp, 
Cass, Chambers, Cherokee, Colorado, Comal, De Witt, Dimmit, Duval, 
Falls, Fayette, Fort Bend, Franklin, Freestone, Frio, Galveston, 
Goliad, Gonzales, Gregg, Grimes, Guadalupe, Hardin, Harris, Harrison, 
Hays, Henderson, Hidalgo, Hopkins, Houston, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, 
Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Karnes, Kaufman, Kennedy, Kinney, Kleberg, La 
Salle, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Limestone, Live Oak, Madison, 
Marion, Matagorda, Maverick, McMullen, Medina, Milam, Montgomery, 
Morris, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Newton, Nueces, Orange, Panola, Polk, 
Rains, Refugio, Robertson, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, 
San Patricio, Shelby, Smith, Starr, Titus, Travis, Trinity, Tyler, 
Upshur, Uvalde, Val Verde, Van Zandt, Victoria, Walker, Waller, 
Washington, Webb, Wharton, Willacy, Williamson, Wilson, Wood, Zapata, 
Zavala.
* * * * *

0
18. In Sec.  3280.508, revise paragraphs (a), (b), and (e) to read as 
follows:

[[Page 72048]]

Sec.  3280.508  Heat loss, heat gain, and cooling load calculations.

    (a) Information, values and data necessary for heat loss and heat 
gain determinations must be taken from the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of 
Fundamentals, Inch-Pound Edition, chapters 22 through 27. The following 
portions of those chapters are not applicable:

23.1 Steel Frame Construction
23.2 Masonry Construction
23.3 Foundations and Floor Systems
23.15 Pipes
23.17 Tanks, Vessels, and Equipment
23.18 Refrigerated Rooms and Buildings
24.18 Mechanical and Industrial Systems
25.19 Commercial Building Envelope Leakage
27.9 Calculation of Heat Loss from Crawl Spaces

    (b) The calculation of the manufactured home's transmission heat 
loss coefficient (Uo) must be in accordance with the fundamental 
principles of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Inch-Pound 
Edition, and, at a minimum, must address all the heat loss or heat gain 
considerations in a manner consistent with the calculation procedures 
provided in the document, Overall U-values and Heating/Cooling Loads--
Manufactured Homes--February 1992-PNL 8006, HUD User No. 0005945.
* * * * *
    (e) U values for any glazing (e.g., windows, skylights, and the 
glazed portions of any door) must be based on tests using AAMA 1503.1-
1988, Voluntary Test Method for Thermal Transmittance and Condensation 
Resistance of Windows, Doors, and Glazed Wall Sections, or the National 
Fenestration Rating Council 100, 1997 Edition, Procedure for 
Determining Fenestration Product U-factors. In the absence of tests, 
manufacturers are to use the residential window U values contained in 
Chapter 29, Table 5 of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Inch-
Pound Edition. In the event that the classification of the window type 
is indeterminate, the manufacturer must use the classification that 
gives the higher U value. Where a composite of materials from two 
different product types is used, the product is to be assigned the 
higher U value. For the purpose of calculating Uo values, 
storm windows are treated as an additional pane.
* * * * *
0
19. In Sec.  3280.510, add paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.510  Heat loss certificate.

* * * * *
    (d) The following additional statement must be provided on the 
heating certificate and data plate required by Sec.  3280.5 when the 
home is built with a vapor retarder of not greater than one perm (dry 
cup method) on the exterior side of the insulation: ``This home is 
designed and constructed to be sited only in humid or fringe climate 
regions as shown on the Humid and Fringe Climate Map.'' A reproduction 
of the Humid and Fringe Climate Map in Sec.  3280.504 is to be provided 
on the heating certificate and data plate. The map must be not less 
than 3\1/2\ inch x 2\1/4\ inch in size and may be combined with the 
Uo Value Zone Map for Manufactured Housing in Sec.  
3280.506.
0
20. In Sec.  3280.604, revise paragraph (b)(2) and the table following 
paragraph (b)(2) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.604  Materials.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) When a plastic material or component is not covered by the 
Standards in the following table, it must be certified as non-toxic in 
accordance with ANSI/NSF 61-2001, Drinking water system components--
Health effects.

Ferrous Pipe and Fittings

    Gray Iron Threaded Fittings--ANSI/ASME B16.4-1992.
    Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings--ANSI/ASME B16.3-1992.
    Material and Property Standard for Special Cast Iron Fittings--
IAPMO PS 5-84.
    Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe--ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979.
    Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, 
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless--ASTM A53-93.
    Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)--ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983.
    Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings--
ASTM A74-92.
    Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and 
Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping 
Applications--CISPI-301-90.

Nonferrous Pipe and Fittings

    Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard 
Sizes--ASTM B42-93.
    Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought 
Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube--ASTM B251-93.
    Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube--ASTM B88-
93.
    Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)--ASTM 
B306-92.
    Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure Fitting--
ASME/ANSI B16.22-1989.
    Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage 
Fittings-DWV--ASME/ANSI B16.29-1986.
    Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings--ANSI B16.18-
1984.
    Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings-DWV--ASME 
B16.23-1992.
    Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes--ASME/ANSI 
B16.26-1988.
    Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard 
Sizes--ASTM B43-91.
    Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250--ANSI/ASME 
B16.15-1985.

Plastic Pipe and Fittings

    Standard Specification Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) 
Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings--ASTM 
D2661-91.
    Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic 
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings--ASTM D2665-91b.
    Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic 
Fittings Patterns--ASTM D3311-92.
    Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) 
Schedule 40, Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe With a Cellular 
Core--ASTM F628-91.
    Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) 
(CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems--ASTM D2846-
92.
    Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot- and 
Cold-Water Distribution Systems--ASTM D3309-92a.
    Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials--ANSI/NSF 14-
1990.

Miscellaneous

    Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil 
Pipe and Fittings--ASTM C564-88.
    Backflow Valves--ANSI A112.14.1-1975.
    Plumbing Fixture Setting Compound--TTP 1536A-1975.
    Material and Property Standard for Cast Brass and Tubing P-
Traps--IAPMO PS 2-89.
    Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot Water 
Supply Systems--ANSI Z21.22-1986, With Addendum Z21.22a-1990.
    Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings--ASTM D2235-88.
    Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl 
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems--ASTM D2564-91a.
    Specification for Neoprene Rubber Gaskets for HUB and Spigot 
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings--CISPI-HSN-85.
    Plumbing System Components for Manufactured Homes and 
Recreational Vehicles--ANSI/NSF 24-1988.
    Material and Property Standard for Diversion Tees and Twin Waste 
Elbow--IAPMO PS 9-84.
    Material and Property Standard for Flexible Metallic Water 
Connectors--IAPMO PS 14-89.
    Material and Property Standard for Dishwasher Drain Airgaps--
IAPMO PS 23-89.
    Material and Property Standards for Backflow Prevention 
Assemblies--IAPMO PS 31-91.
    Performance Requirements for Air Admittance Valves for Plumbing 
Drainage Systems, Fixture and Branch Devices--ASSE

[[Page 72049]]

Standard 1051, 1990 Revised: 1996/ANSI 1998.
    Drinking Water System Components-Health Effects--ANSI/NSF 61-
2001.

Plumbing Fixtures

    Plumbing Fixtures (General Specifications)--FS WW-P-541E/GEN-
1980.
    Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures--ANSI/ASME A112.19.2(M)-1990.
    Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures--ANSI/ASME A112.19.1M-1987.
    Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures--ANSI/ASME 
A112.19.4(M)-1984.
    Plastic Bathtub Units with Addenda Z124.1a-1990 and Z124.16-
1991--ANSI Z124.1-1987.
    Standard for Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures--
IAPMO TSC 22-85.
    Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower Stalls with Addendum 
Z124.2a-1990--ANSI Z124.2-1987.
    Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (Designed for Residential 
Use)--ANSI/ASME A112.19.3M-1987.
    Material and Property Standard for Drains for Prefabricated and 
Precast Showers--IAPMO PS 4-90.
    Plastic Lavatories with Addendum Z124.3a-1990--ANSI Z124.3-1986.
    Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test for Safety 
Glazing Materials Used in Building--ANSI Z97.1-1984.
    Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes--ASME A112.4.1-1993.
    Flexible Water Connectors--ASME A112.18.6-1999.
    Performance Requirements for Backflow Protection Devices and 
Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings--ASME A112.18.3M-1996.
    Non-Vitreous Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures--ASME A112.19.9M-1991.
    Dual Flush Devices for Water Closets--ASME A119.19.10-1994.
    Deck Mounted Bath/Shower Transfer Valves with Integral Backflow 
Protection--ASME A112.18.7-1999.
    Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water Closets to the Sanitary 
Drainage System--ASME A112.4.3-1999.
    Hydraulic Performance Requirements for Water Closets and 
Urinals, ASME A112.19.6-1995.
    Plumbing Fixture Fittings--ASME/ANSI A112.18.1M-1989.
    Trim for Water Closet, Bowls, Tanks, and Urinals--ANSI 
A112.19.5-1979.
    Plastic Water Closets, Bowls, and Tanks with Addenda Z124.4a-
1990--ANSI Z124.4-1986.
    ANSI Z124.5, Plastic Toilet (Water Closets) Seats, 1997.
    ANSI Z124.7, Prefabricated Plastic Spa Shells, 1997.
    Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances--ASME/ANSI A112.19.7M-1987.
    ANSI Z-124.9, Plastic Urinal Fixtures, 1994.
    Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic Pressure 
Balancing and Combination Control for Bathing Facilities--ASSE 1016-
1988 (ANSI 1990).
    Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices 
(Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures--ASSE 1037-1990 (ANSI-1990).
    Performance Requirements for Water Closet Flush Tank Fill Valves 
(Ballcocks)--ASSE 1002 Revision 5-1986 (ANSI/ASSE-1979).
    Performance Requirements for Hand-held Showers--ASSE 1014-1989 
(ANSI-1990).
    Hydrants for Utility and Maintenance Use--ANSI/ASME A112.21.3M-
1985.
    Performance Requirements for Home Laundry Equipment--ASSE 1007-
1986.
    Performance Requirements for Hot Water Dispensers, Household 
Storage Type Electrical--ASSE 1023, (ANSI/ASSE-1979).
    Plumbing Requirements for Residential Use (Household) 
Dishwashers--ASSE 1006, (ASSE/ANSI-1986).
    Performance Requirements for Household Food Waste Disposer 
Units--ASSE 1008-1986.
    Performance Requirements for Temperature Activated Mixing Valves 
for Primary Domestic Use--ASSE 1017-1986.
    Water Hammer Arresters--ANSI A112.26.1-1969 (R 1975).
    Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, 
Hot Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances--ASME/ANSI A112.19.8M-
1989.
    Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems--ASME A112.1.2-1991.
    Performance Requirements for Diverters for Plumbing Faucets with 
Hose Spray, Anti-Siphon Type, Residential Applications--ASSE 1025 
(ANSI/ASSE-1978).
    Performance Requirements for Pipe Applied Atmospheric Type 
Vacuum Breakers--ASSE 1001 (ASSE/ANSI-1990).
    Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers--
ASSE 1011-1981 (ANSI-1982).
    Performance Requirements for Wall Hydrants, Frost Proof 
Automatic Draining, Anti-Backflow Types--ANSI/ASSE 1019-1978.

0
21. In Sec.  3280.607, add new paragraph (a)(6), redesignate paragraphs 
(b)(2)(iii) through (v) as paragraphs (b)(2)(iv) through (vi), 
respectively, add new paragraph (b)(2)(iii), and revise paragraph 
(c)(6)(iv) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.607  Plumbing fixtures.

    (a) * * *
    (6) Water conservation. All lavatory faucets, showerheads, and sink 
faucets must not exceed a flow of 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm).
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) All water closets must be low consumption (1.6 gallons per 
flush (gpf)) closets.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (iv) Electrical. Wiring must comply with the National Electrical 
Code NFPA 70-1996, Section 680G.
0
22. In Sec.  3280.703, revise the table following the introductory text 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.703  Minimum standards.

* * * * *

Appliances

    Heating and Cooling Equipment, Second Edition, with 1999 
revisions--UL 1995, 1995.
    Liquid Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured Homes 
and Recreational Vehicles, Seventh Edition, with 1997 revisions--UL 
307A-1995.
    Fixed and Location-Dedicated Electric Room Heaters, Second 
Edition, with 1998 revisions--UL 2021-1997.
    Electric Baseboard Heating Equipment, Fourth Edition, with 1998 
revisions--UL 1042-1994.
    Electric Central Air Heating Equipment--UL 1096-Fourth Edition-
1986 with revisions July 16, 1986, and January 30, 1988.
    Gas Burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured Homes and 
Recreational Vehicles, Fourth Edition, with 1998 revisions--UL 307B-
1995.
    Gas Clothes Dryers Volume 1, Type 1 Clothes Dryers--ANSI 
Z21.5.1-/CSA 7.1-M99--1999 with Addendum Z21.5.1a-1999.
    Gas Fired Absorption Summer Air Conditioning Appliances--ANSI 
Z21.40.1/CGA 2.91-M961996.
    Gas-Fired Central Furnaces (Except Direct Vent System Central 
Furnaces)--ANSI Z21.47-1990 with Addendum Z21.47a-1990 and Z21.47b-
1992.
    Household Cooking Gas Appliances--ANSI Z21.1-2000.
    Refrigerators Using Gas Fuel--ANSI Z21.19-1990, with Addendum 
ANSI Z21.19a-1992 and Z21.19b-1995.
    Gas Water Heaters--Volume 1, Storage Water Heaters with Input 
Ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or Less--ANSI Z21.10.1-1998 with 
Addendum Z21.10.1a-2000.
    Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters, Tenth Edition--UL 
174-1996, with 1997 revisions.

Ferrous Pipe and Fittings

    Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, 
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless--ASTM A53-93.
    Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Coiled 
Steel Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines--ASTM A539-1999.
    Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)--ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983.
    Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe--ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979.

Nonferrous Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings

    Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube--ASTM B88-
93.
    Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air 
Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service--ASTM B280, A-95.
    Connectors for Gas Appliances--ANSI Z21.24/CGA 6.10-M97-1997.
    Manually Operated Gas Valves for Appliances, Appliance Connector 
Valves and Hose End Valves--ANSI Z21.15/CGA 9.1-M97-1997.
    Standard for Gas Supply Connectors for Manufactured Homes--IAPMO 
TSC 9-1997.
    Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought 
Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes--ASTM B251-93.

[[Page 72050]]

    Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard 
Sizes--ASTM B42-93.

Miscellaneous

    Factory-Made Air Ducts and Connectors, Ninth Edition--UL 181, 
1996 with 1998 revisions.
    Standard for Safety Closure Systems for use with Rigid Air Ducts 
and Air Connectors, UL 181A, 1994, with 1998 revisions.
    Standard for Safety Closure Systems for use with Flexible Air 
Ducts and Air Connectors, First Edition--UL 181B, 1995, with 1998 
revisions.
    Tube Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Fluids, 
Refrigeration Service, and Marine Use, Sixth Edition--UL 109-1997, 
with 2001 revisions.
    Pigtails and Flexible Hose Connectors for LP-Gas, Seventh 
Edition--UL 569, 1995 with 2001 revisions.
    Roof Jacks for Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles, 
Eighth Edition--UL 311, 1994, with 1998 revisions.
    Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot Water 
Supply Systems--ANSI Z21.22/CSA 4.4-M99, 1999.
    Automatic Gas Ignition Systems and Components--ANSI Z21.20 with 
Addendum Z21.20a-2000.
    Automatic Valves for Gas Appliances--ANSI Z21.21/CSA 6.5-2000.
    Gas Appliance Thermostats--ANSI Z21.23-1989, with Addendum 
Z21.23a-1991.
    Gas Vents, Ninth Edition--UL 441, 1996 with 1999 revisions.
    Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, NFPA 31, 
1997 Edition.
    National Fuel Gas Code--NFPA 54-2002/ANSI Z223.1-2002.
    Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems, NFPA 90B, 1996 
Edition.
    Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, NFPA 58-2001 Edition.
    Flares for Tubing--SAE-J533b-1992.
    Factory-Built Chimneys for Residential Type and Building Heating 
Appliances, Ninth Edition--UL 103, 1995, with 1999 revisions.
    Factory-Built Fireplaces, Seventh Edition--UL 127-1996, with 
1999 revisions.
    Solid-Fuel Type Room Heaters, Fifth Edition--UL 1482, 1995, with 
2000 revisions.
    Fireplace Stoves, Eight Edition, with 2000 revisions--UL 737, 
1996.
    Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment--
ANSI/ARI 210/240-89.
    AGA Requirements for Gas Connectors for Connection of Fixed 
Appliances for Outdoor Installation, Park Trailers, and Manufactured 
(Mobile) Homes to the Gas Supply--No. 3-87.


0
23. In Sec.  3280.704, revise paragraph (b)(5)(i) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.704  Fuel supply systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) LP-gas safety devices. (i) DOT containers must be provided with 
safety relief devices as required by the regulation of the U.S. 
Department of Transportation. ASME containers must be provided with 
relief valves in accordance with subsection 2.3.2 of NFPA 58-2001, 
Standard for the Storage and Handling Liquefied Petroleum Gases. Safety 
relief valves must have direct communication with the vapor space of 
the vessel.
* * * * *

0
24. In Sec.  3280.705, revise paragraphs (b)(3), (b)(4), (c)(2), 
(l)(1), (l)(2)(ii), and (l)(3) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.705  Gas piping systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Copper tubing must be annealed type, Grade K or L, conforming 
to the Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube, ASTM B88-
93, or must comply with the Standard Specification for Seamless Copper 
Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Service, ASTM B280-1995. 
Copper tubing must be internally tinned.
    (4) Steel tubing must have a minimum wall thickness of 0.032 inch 
for tubing of \1/2\ inch diameter and smaller and 0.049 inch for 
diameters \1/2\ inch and larger. Steel tubing must be in accordance 
with ASTM Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Coiled 
Steel Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines, ASTM A539-1999, and must be 
externally corrosion protected.
    (c) * * *
    (2) The connection(s) between units must be made with a 
connector(s) listed for exterior use or direct plumbing sized in 
accordance with Sec.  3280.705(d). A shutoff valve of the non-
displaceable rotor type conforming to ANSI Z21.15-1997, Manually 
Operated Gas Valves for Appliances, Appliances Connector Valves, and 
Hose End Valves, suitable for outdoor use must be installed at each 
crossover point upstream of the connection.
* * * * *
    (l) * * *
    (1) A listed LP-Gas flexible connection conforming to UL 569-1995, 
Pigtails and Flexible Hose Connectors for LP Gas, or equal must be 
supplied when LP-Gas cylinders(s) and regulator(s) are supplied.
    (2) * * *
    (ii) The outlet must be provided with an approved quick-disconnect 
device, which must be designed to provide a positive seal on the supply 
side of the gas system when the appliance is disconnected. A shutoff 
valve of the non-displaceable rotor type conforming to ANSI Z21.15-
1997, Manually Operated Gas Valves, must be installed immediately 
upstream of the quick-disconnect device. The complete device must be 
provided as part of the original installation.
* * * * *
    (3) Valves. A shutoff valve must be installed in the fuel piping at 
each appliance inside the manufactured home structure, upstream of the 
union or connector in addition to any valve on the appliance and so 
arranged to be accessible to permit servicing of the appliance and 
removal of its components. The shutoff valve must be located within 6 
feet of any cooking appliance and within 3 feet of any other appliance. 
A shutoff valve may serve more than one appliance if located as 
required by this paragraph (3). The shutoff valve must be of the non-
displaceable rotor type and conform to ANSI Z21.15-1997, Manually 
Operated Gas Valves.
* * * * *

0
25. In Sec.  3280.706, revise paragraph (b)(3) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.706  Oil piping systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Copper tubing must be annealed type, Grade K or L conforming to 
the Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube, ASTM B88-93, 
or shall comply with ASTM B280-1995, Standard Specification for 
Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field 
Service.
* * * * *

0
26. In Sec.  3280.707, revise paragraph (f) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.707  Heat producing appliances.

* * * * *
    (f) Oil-fired heating equipment. All oil-fired heating equipment 
must conform to Liquid Fuel-burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured 
Homes and Recreational Vehicles, UL 307A--1995, with 1997 revisions, 
and be installed in accordance with Standard for the Installation of 
Oil Burning Equipment, NFPA 31-1997. Regardless of the requirements of 
the above-referenced standards, or any other standards referenced in 
this part, the following are not required:
    (1) External switches or remote controls which shut off the burner 
or the flow of oil to the burner, or
    (2) An emergency disconnect switch to interrupt electric power to 
the equipment under conditions of excessive temperature.

0
27. In Sec.  3280.709, add paragraph (h) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.709  Installation of appliances.

* * * * *
    (h) A corrosion resistant water drip collection and drain pan must 
be

[[Page 72051]]

installed under each water heater that will allow water leaking from 
the water heater to drain to the exterior of the manufactured home, or 
to a drain.

0
28. In Sec.  3280.714, revise paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.714  Appliance cooling.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Gas fired absorption air conditioners must be listed or 
certified in accordance with ANSI Z21.40.1-1996, Gas Fired, Heat 
Activated, Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Appliances, and certified by 
a nationally recognized testing agency capable of providing follow-up 
service.
* * * * *

0
29. In Sec.  3280.715, revise paragraph (c), the introductory text of 
paragraph (e), and paragraph (e)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.715  Circulating air systems.

* * * * *
    (c) Joints and seams. Joints and seams of sheet metal and factory-
made flexible ducts, including trunks, branches, risers, crossover 
ducts, and crossover duct plenums, shall be mechanically secured and 
made substantially airtight. Slip joints in sheet metal ducts shall 
have a lap of at least one inch and shall be mechanically fastened. 
Tapes or caulking compounds shall be permitted to be used for sealing 
mechanically secure joints. Sealants and tapes shall be applied only to 
surfaces that are dry and dust-, dirt-, oil-, and grease-free. Tapes 
and mastic closure systems for use with factory-made rigid fiberglass 
air ducts and air connectors shall be listed in accordance with UL 
Standard 181A-1994, with 1998 revisions. Tapes and mastic closure 
systems used with factory-made flexible air ducts and air connectors 
shall be listed in accordance with UL Standard 181B-1995, with 1998 
revisions.
* * * * *
    (e) Registers and grilles. Fittings connecting the registers and 
grilles to the duct system must be constructed of metal or material 
that complies with the requirements of Class 1 or 2 ducts under UL 181-
1996 with 1998 revisions, Factory Made Air Ducts and Connectors. Air 
supply terminal devices (registers) when installed in kitchen, 
bedrooms, and bathrooms must be equipped with adjustable closeable 
dampers. Registers or grilles must be constructed of metal or conform 
with the following:
    (1) Be made of a material classified 94V-0 or 94V-1, when tested as 
described in UL 94-1996, with 2001 revisions, Test for Flammability of 
Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, Fifth Edition; 
and
* * * * *

0
30. In Sec.  3280.801, revise paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.801  Scope.

    (a) Subpart I of these Standards and part B of Article 550 of the 
National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70-2005) cover the electrical 
conductors and equipment installed within or on manufactured homes and 
the conductors that connect manufactured homes to a supply of 
electricity.
    (b) In addition to the requirements of this Standard and Article 
550 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005, the applicable 
portions of other Articles of the National Electrical Code must be 
followed for electrical installations in manufactured homes. The use of 
arc-fault breakers under Articles 210.12(A) and (B), 440.65, and 
550.25(A) and (B) of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005 is 
not required. However, if arc-fault breakers are provided, such use 
must be in accordance with the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-
2005. Wherever the requirements of this standard differ from the 
National Electrical Code, these standards apply.
* * * * *

0
31. In Sec.  3280.803, redesignate the receptacle/cap illustration and 
caption that follows paragraph (g) to the end of paragraph (f), and 
revise the redesignated caption following the redesignated 
illustration, paragraph (k)(1), the introductory text of paragraph 
(k)(3), and paragraphs (k)(3)(ii) and (k)(3)(iii) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.803  Power supply.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *


50-ampere 125/250 volt receptacle and attachment-plug-cap 
configurations, 3 pole, 4-wire grounding types used for manufactured 
home supply cords and manufactured home parks. Complete details of the 
50-ampere cap and receptacle can be found in the American National 
Standard Dimensions of Caps, Plugs, and Receptacles, Grounding Type 
(ANSI/NEMA--WD-6-1997-Wiring Devices-Dimensional Specifications).
* * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (1) One mast weatherhead installation installed in accordance with 
Article 230 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005, 
containing four continuous insulated, color-coded, feeder conductors, 
one of which shall be an equipment grounding conductor; or
* * * * *
    (3) Service equipment installed on the manufactured home in 
accordance with Article 230 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 
70-2005, and the following requirements:
* * * * *
    (ii) Exterior equipment, or the enclosure in which it is installed 
must be weatherproof and installed in accordance with Article 312.2(A) 
of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005, and conductors must 
be suitable for use in wet locations;
    (iii) Each neutral conductor must be connected to the system 
grounding conductor on the supply side of the main disconnect in 
accordance with Articles 250.24, 250.26, and 250.28 of the National 
Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005.
* * * * *

0
32. In Sec.  3280.804, revise paragraph (a) and the first sentence of 
paragraph (k) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.804  Disconnecting means and branch-circuit protective 
equipment.

    (a) The branch-circuit equipment is permitted to be combined with 
the disconnecting means as a single assembly. Such a combination is 
permitted to be designated as a distribution panelboard. If a fused 
distribution panelboard is used, the maximum fuse size of the mains 
must be plainly marked with lettering at least \1/4\-inch high and that 
is visible when fuses are changed. (See Article 110.22 of NFPA 70-2005, 
National Electrical Code, concerning identification of each 
disconnecting means and each service, feeder, or branch circuit at the 
point where it originated and the type marking needed.)
* * * * *
    (k) When a home is provided with installed service equipment, a 
single disconnecting means for disconnecting the branch circuit 
conductors from the service entrance conductors must be provided in 
accordance with Article 230, Part VI of the National Electrical Code, 
NFPA No. 70-2005. * * *
* * * * *

0
33. In Sec.  3280.805, revise paragraph (a)(3)(iv) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.805  Branch circuits required.

    (a) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (iv) The rating of the range branch circuit is based on the range 
demand as specified for ranges in Sec.  3280.811(a)(5). For central air 
conditioning, see Article 440 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 
70-2005.
* * * * *

[[Page 72052]]


0
34. In Sec.  3280.806, revise paragraph (a)(2) and paragraph (d)(9) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.806  Receptacle outlets.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Installed according to Article 406.3 of the National Electrical 
Code, NFPA No. 70-2005.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (9) At least one wall receptacle outlet shall be installed in 
bathrooms within 36 inches (914 mm) of the outside edge of each basin. 
The receptacle outlet must be located on a wall that is adjacent to the 
basin location. This receptacle is in addition to any receptacle that 
is part of a lighting fixture or appliance. The receptacle must not be 
enclosed within a bathroom cabinet or vanity.
* * * * *

0
35. In Sec.  3280.807, revise paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.807  Fixtures and appliances.

* * * * *
    (c) If a lighting fixture is provided over a bathtub or in a shower 
stall, it must be of the enclosed and gasketed type, and be listed for 
use in wet locations. See also Article 410.4(D) of the National 
Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005.
* * * * *

0
36. In Sec.  3280.808, revise paragraphs (a), (m), (o), and (q), remove 
paragraph (r), and re-designate paragraph (s) as paragraph (r), to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.808  Wiring methods and materials.

    (a) Except as specifically permitted by this part, the wiring 
methods and materials specified in the National Electrical Code, NFPA 
No. 70-2005, must be used in manufactured homes.
* * * * *
    (m) Outlet boxes of dimensions less than those required in Table 
314.16(A) of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005, are 
permitted provided the box has been tested and approved for that 
purpose.
* * * * *
    (o) Outlet boxes must fit closely to openings in combustible walls 
and ceilings and must be flush with the finish surface or project 
therefrom. In walls and ceilings of noncombustible material, outlet 
boxes and fittings must be installed so that the front edge of the box 
or fitting will not be set back from the finished surface more than \1/
4\ inch. Plaster, drywall, or plasterboard surfaces that are broken or 
incomplete must be repaired so that there will be no gaps or open 
spaces greater than \1/8\ inch at the edge of the box or fitting.
* * * * *
    (q) A substantial brace for securing a box, fitting, or cabinet 
must be as described in the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-2005, 
Article 314.23(B), or the brace, including the fastening mechanism to 
attach the brace to the home structure, must withstand a force of 50 
lbs. applied to the brace at the intended point(s) of attachment for 
the box in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which the box is 
installed.
* * * * *

0
37. In Sec.  3280.811, revise the introductory text of paragraph (b) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.811  Calculations.

* * * * *
    (b) The following is an optional method of calculation for lighting 
and appliance loads for manufactured homes served by single 3-wire 120/
240 volt set of feeder conductors with an ampacity of 100 or greater. 
The total load for determining the feeder ampacity may be computed in 
accordance with the following table instead of the method previously 
specified. Feeder conductors whose demand load is determined by this 
optional calculation are permitted to have the neutral load determined 
by Article 220.61 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005. 
The loads identified in the table as ``other load'' and as ``Remainder 
of other load'' must include the following:
* * * * *

    Dated: November 22, 2005.
Brian D. Montgomery,
Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing Commissioner.
[FR Doc. 05-23387 Filed 11-23-05; 12:30 pm]
BILLING CODE 4210-27-P