[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 153 (Wednesday, August 10, 2005)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 46419-46428]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-15523]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[OPP-2004-0139; FRL-7724-8]


Aminopyralid; Pesticide Tolerance

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes tolerances for free and conjugated 
residues of aminopyralid in or on grass and wheat commodities; and 
residues of aminopyralid in or meat; fat and meat byproducts, excluding 
kidney; of cattle, goat, and sheep, and milk. Dow AgroSciences, LLC 
requested this tolerance under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
(FFDCA), as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA).

DATES: This regulation is effective August 10, 2005. Objections and 
requests for hearings must be received on or before October 11, 2005.

ADDRESSES: To submit a written objection or hearing request follow the 
detailed instructions as provided in Unit VI. of the SUPPLEMENTARY 
INFORMATION. EPA has established a docket for this action under docket 
identification (ID) number OPP-2004-0139. All documents in the docket 
are listed in the EDOCKET index at http://www.epa.gov/edocket/. 
Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly 
available, i.e., Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet 
and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly 
available docket materials are available either electronically in 
EDOCKET or in hard copy at the Public Information and Records Integrity 
Branch (PIRIB), Rm. 119, Crystal Mall 2, 1801 S. Bell St., 
Arlington, VA. This docket facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The docket telephone 
number is (703) 305-5805.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: JoanneMiller, Registration Division 
(7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone 
number: (703) 305-6224; e-mail address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this Action Apply to Me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
Potentially affected entities may include, but are not limited to:
     Crop production (NAICS 111), e.g., agricultural workers; 
greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture workers; farmers.
     Animal production (NAICS 112), e.g., cattle ranchers and 
farmers, dairy cattle farmers, livestock farmers.
     Food manufacturing (NAICS 311), e.g., agricultural 
workers; farmers; greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture workers; 
ranchers; pesticide applicators.
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS 32532), e.g., agricultural 
workers; commercial applicators; farmers; greenhouse, nursery, and 
floriculture workers; residential users.
    This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides 
a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this 
action. Other types of entities not listed in this unit could also be 
affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) 
codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining 
whether this action might apply to certain entities. If you have any 
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular 
entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT.

B. How Can I Access Electronic Copies of this Document and Other 
Related Information?

    In addition to using EDOCKET (http://www.epa.gov/edocket/), you may 
access this Federal Register document electronically through the EPA 
Internet under the ``Federal Register'' listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/. A frequently updated electronic version of 40 CFR part 180 
is available on E-CFR Beta Site Two at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/. 
To access the OPPTS Harmonized Guidelines referenced in this document, 
go directly to the guidelines athttp://www.epa.gpo/opptsfrs/home/guidelin.htm/.

II. Background and Statutory Findings

    In the Federal Register of June 2, 2004 (69 FR 31106-31110) (FRL-
7359-3), EPA issued a notice pursuant to section 408(d)(3) of FFDCA, 21 
U.S.C.

[[Page 46420]]

346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP 4F6827, 
incorrectly stated as 7F4851) by Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville 
Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268. The petition requested that 40 CFR part 
180 be amended by establishing a tolerance for combined residues of the 
herbicide aminopyralid (XDE-750): 4-amino-3,6-dichloropyridine-2-
carboxylic acid and its glucose conjugate, expressed as total parent in 
or on grass forage at 25 parts per million (ppm), grass hay at 65 ppm, 
wheat forage at 2 ppm, wheat hay at 4 ppm, wheat grain at 0.05 ppm, 
wheat straw at 0.5 ppm, wheat bran at 0.1 ppm, wheat middlings at 0.02 
ppm, wheat shorts at 0.05 ppm, wheat flour at 0.01 ppm, wheat germ at 
0.02 ppm, wheat aspirated grain fractions at 0.5 ppm. Tolerances of the 
parent, aminopyralid (free) were also proposed for milk at 0.02 ppm, 
cream at 0.02 ppm, edible animal tissues except kidney at 0.05 ppm, and 
kidney at 1.0 ppm. That notice included a summary of the petition 
prepared by Dow AgroSciences, LLC, the registrant.
    Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a 
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a 
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a 
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure 
to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary 
exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable 
information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in 
residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. 
Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special 
consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide 
chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there 
is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and 
children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical 
residue....''
    EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from 
aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. For further discussion of the 
regulatory requirements of section 408 of FFDCA and a complete 
description of the risk assessment process, see the final rule on 
Bifenthrin Pesticide Tolerances (62 FR 62961, November 26, 1997) (FRL-
5754-7).

III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D) of FFDCA, EPA has reviewed the 
available scientific data and other relevant information in support of 
this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to 
make a determination on aggregate exposure, consistent with section 
408(b)(2) of FFDCA, for a tolerance for free and conjugated residues; 
of aminopyralid in or on grass, forage at 25 ppm; grass, hay at 50 ppm; 
aspirated grain fractions at 0.2 ppm; wheat, bran at 0.1 ppm; wheat , 
forage at 2.0 ppm; wheat, grain at 0.04 ppm; wheat, hay at 4.0 ppm; 
wheat, straw at 0.25 ppm; and for a tolerance for residues of 
aminopyralid per se in or on cattle, fat at 0.02 ppm; cattle, meat at 
0.02 ppm; cattle, meat byproducts, except kidney at 0.02 ppm; cattle, 
kidney at 0.3 ppm; goat, fat at 0.02 ppm; goat, meat at 0.02 ppm; goat, 
meat byproducts, except kidney at 0.02 ppm; goat, kidney at 0.3 ppm; 
horse, fat at 0.02 ppm; horse, meat at 0.02 ppm; horse, meat 
byproducts, except kidney at 0.02 ppm; horse, kidney at 0.3 ppm; sheep, 
fat at 0.02 ppm; sheep, meat at 0.02 ppm; sheep, meat byproducts, 
except kidney at 0.02 ppm; sheep,kidney at 0.3 ppm; and milk at 0.03 
ppm. EPA's assessment of exposures and risks associatedwith 
establishing the tolerance follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children. The nature of the toxic effects caused by aminopyralid are 
discussed in Table 1 of this unit as well as the no-observed-adverse-
effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level 
(LOAEL) from the toxicity studies reviewed.
    Studies were performed using aminopyralid technical acid (XDE-750) 
and a formulation (GF-871) consisting of triisopropanolamine salt of 
aminopyralid (XDE-750 TIPA). Doses (Table 1 and Table 2 of this unit) 
are expressed as acid equivalents for all studies regardless of the 
material administered to test animals.

                                Table 1.--Subchronic, Chronic, and Other Toxicity
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Guideline No.                       Study type                            Results
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.3100                                 2001 13-Week feeding--rat  NOAEL = 500 milligrams/kilogram/day (mg/kg/
                                          (XDE-750) with 4 week      day) for males (M) and 1,000 mg/kg/day for
                                          recovery period            females (F)
                                                                     LOAEL M = 1,000 mg/kg/day based on
                                                                     hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium of the
                                                                     ileum and cecum.
                                                                    F = not determined
----------------------------------------
870.3100                                 2004 13-Week feeding--rat  NOAEL = 520 mg/kg/day
                                         (GF-871).................   LOAEL = mg/kg/day: not determined
----------------------------------------
870.3100                                 2001 13-Week feeding--     NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                          mouse                      LOAEL = mg/kg/day: not determined
                                         (XDE-750)................
----------------------------------------
870.3200                                 2002 28-Day dermal--rat    Systemic:
                                         (XDE-750)................   NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                                                     LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
                                                                     Dermal:
                                                                     NOAEL = M= 100 mg/kg/day
                                                                     F = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                                                    LOAEL = M = 500 mg/kg/day, based on
                                                                     histopathological changes (slight epidermal
                                                                     hyperplasia
                                                                    F= not determined
----------------------------------------

[[Page 46421]]

 
870.3150                                 2002 13-Week feeding--dog  NOAEL = M = 282 mg/kg/day
                                         (XDE-750)................  F = 232 mg/kg/day
                                                                    LOAEL = M = 1,070 mg/kg/day
                                                                    F = 929 mg/kg/day, based on stomach
                                                                     histopathology (slight diffuse hyperplasia
                                                                     and hypertrophy of the mucosal epithelium)
----------------------------------------
870.3700                                 2002 Developmental tox--   Maternal:
                                          rabbit                     NOAEL = 250 mg/kg/day
                                         (XDE-750)................   LOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day, based on decrease in
                                                                     body weight (GD 7-10), decreased food
                                                                     consumption, incoordinated gait (23/26),
                                                                     and ulcers and erosions of the stomach.
                                                                    Developmental:
                                                                    NOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day
                                                                    LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
----------------------------------------
870.3700                                 2004 Developmental tox--   Maternal:
                                          rabbit                    NOAEL = 104 mg/kg/day
                                         (GF-871).................   LOAEL = 260 mg/kg/day, based on severe
                                                                     inanition and body weight loss, decreased
                                                                     fecal output, and mild incoordinated gait
                                                                    Developmental:
                                                                    NOAEL = 260 mg/kg/day
                                                                    LOAEL = 520 mg/kg/day, based on decreased
                                                                     fetal body weight.
----------------------------------------
870.3700                                 2001 Developmental tox--   Maternal:
                                          rat                        NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                         (XDE-750)................   LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
                                                                    Developmental:
                                                                     NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                                                    LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
----------------------------------------
870.3700                                 2004 Developmental tox--   Maternal:
                                          rat                        NOAEL = 520 mg/kg/day
                                         (GF-871).................  LOAEL = mg/kg/day, not determined
                                                                    Developmental:
                                                                    NOAEL = 520 mg/kg/day
                                                                    LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
----------------------------------------
870.3800                                 2003 2-Generation          Parental/Systemic:
                                          reproduction--rat         NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                         (XDE-750)................   LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
                                                                    Reproductive:
                                                                    NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                                                    LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
                                                                    Offspring:
                                                                    NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                                                     LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined.
----------------------------------------
870.4100                                 2003 1-Year feeding--dogs  NOAEL = M = 99 mg/kg/day
                                         (XDE-750)................  F = 93 mg/kg/day
                                                                     LOAEL = M = 967 mg/kg/day
                                                                    F = 1038 mg/kg/day, based on thickening of
                                                                     stomach mucosa (F), and stomach
                                                                     histopathology in all animals (slight
                                                                     diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the
                                                                     mucosa epithelium, slight lymphoid
                                                                     hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa and very
                                                                     slight/slight chronic mucosal
                                                                     inflammation).
----------------------------------------
870.4200                                 2003 18-Month              NOAEL = M = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                          carcinogenicity--mice     LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined
                                         (XDE-750)................
----------------------------------------
870.4300                                 2004 2-Year                NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day
                                          carcinogenicity--rats     LOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day based on cecal
                                         (XDE-750)................   enlargement, slight mucosal hyperplasia (M)
                                                                     and slightly decreased body weights.
----------------------------------------
870.5100                                 2004 Bacterial reverse     Negative
                                          mutation assay
                                         (XDE-750)................
----------------------------------------
870.5100                                 2004 Bacterial reverse     Negative
                                          mutation assay
                                         (GF-871).................
                                         XDETIPA..................
----------------------------------------

[[Page 46422]]

 
870.5300                                 2004 In vitro mammalian    Negative
                                          cell gene mutation test
----------------------------------------
870.5300                                 2004 In vitro mammalian    Negative
                                          cell gene mutation test
                                         (GF-871).................
----------------------------------------
870.5375                                 2004 In vitro mammalian    XDE induced chromosome aberations, but only
                                          cell chromosome            at cytotoxic concentrations, the
                                          aberration test            clastogenic response was induced secondary
                                         (XDE-750)................   to toxicity.
----------------------------------------
870.5375                                 2004 In vitro Mammalian    Negative
                                          cell chromosome
                                          aberration test
                                         (GF-871).................
----------------------------------------
870.5395                                 2002 Mammalian             Negative
                                          erythrocyte micronucleus
                                          test (XDE-750)
----------------------------------------
870.5395                                 2004 Mammalian             Negative
                                          erythrocyte micronucleus
                                          test (GF-871)
----------------------------------------
870.6200                                 Acute neurotoxicity        NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                          screening battery         LOAEL = 2,000 mg/kg/day based on fecal
                                         (XDE-750)................   soiling in M and urine soiling in F.
----------------------------------------
870.6200                                 Chronic neurotoxicity--    NOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day
                                          rat (XDE-750)             LOAEL = (mg/kg/day) not determined.
----------------------------------------
870.7485                                  2004 Metabolism and       Recovery after 168 hrs: 96% in low dose
                                          pharmacokinetics--rat      (urine-50%, feces- 43%, tissues-0.1%, cage
                                         (XDE-750)................   wash-3%), 95% in high dose (urine-41%,
                                                                     feces-43%, tissues-1%, caged wash- 10%),
                                                                     and 95% in the repeated low dose (urine-
                                                                     59%, feces- 33%, tissues-0.1%, cage wash-
                                                                     3%). XDE-750 represented >=96% of
                                                                     administered dose (AD) in urine and 100% AD
                                                                     in feces. Three unknown components (>=4%)
                                                                     found in urine were also found in dose
                                                                     formulations.
----------------------------------------
Non-guideline                             Triisopropanolamine       \14\C-XDE-750 and \14\C-XDE-750-TIPA, when
                                          Salt, Dissociation and     administered orally to rats, were
                                          Metabolism in Maile        bioequivalent in terms of absorption,
                                          Fischer 344--rats          distribution, metabolism, and excretion of
                                         (XDE-750)................   the amino-dichloro-picolinate portion of
                                                                     the molecule(s)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Toxicological Endpoints

    The dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the NOAEL) from 
the toxicology study identified as appropriate for use in risk 
assessment is used to estimate the toxicological level of concern 
(LOC). However, the lowest dose at which adverse effects of concern are 
identified (the LOAEL) is sometimes used for risk assessment if no 
NOAEL was achieved in the toxicology study selected. An uncertainty 
factor (UF) is applied to reflect uncertainties inherent in the 
extrapolation from laboratory animal data to humans and in the 
variations in sensitivity among members of the human population as well 
as other unknowns. An UF of 100 is routinely used, 10X to account for 
interspecies differences and 10X for intraspecies differences.
    Three other types of safety or UFs may be used: ``Traditional 
uncertainty factors;'' the ``special FQPA safety factor;'' and the 
``default FQPA safety factor.'' By the term ``traditional uncertainty 
factor,'' EPA is referring to those additional UFs used prior to FQPA 
passage to account for database deficiencies. These traditional 
uncertainty factors have been incorporated by the FQPA into the 
additional safety factor for the protection of infants and children. 
The term ``special FQPA safety factor'' refers to those safety factors 
that are deemed necessary for the protection of infants and children 
primarily as a result of the FQPA. The ``default FQPA safety factor'' 
is the additional 10X safety factor that is mandated by the statute 
unless it is decided that there are reliable data to choose a different 
additional factor (potentially a traditional uncertainty factor or a 
special FQPA safety factor).
    For dietary risk assessment (other than cancer) the Agency uses the 
UF to calculate an acute or chronic reference dose (acute RfD or 
chronic RfD) where the RfD is equal to the NOAEL divided by an UF of 
100 to account for interspecies and intraspecies differences and any 
traditional uncertainty factors deemed appropriate (RfD = NOAEL/UF). 
Where a special FQPA safety factor or the default FQPA safety factor is 
used, this additional factor is applied to the RfD by dividing the RfD 
by such additional factor. The acute or chronic population adjusted 
dose (aPAD or cPAD) is a modification of the RfD to accommodate this 
type of safety factor.
    For non-dietary risk assessments (other than cancer) the UF is used 
to determine the LOC. For example, when 100 is the appropriate UF (10X 
to account for interspecies differences and 10X for intraspecies 
differences) the LOC is 100. To estimate risk, a ratio of the NOAEL to 
exposures (margin of exposure (MOE) = NOAEL/exposure) is calculated and 
compared to the LOC.
    The linear default risk methodology (Q*) is the primary method 
currently used by the Agency to quantify carcinogenic risk. The Q* 
approach assumes that any amount of exposure will lead to some degree 
of cancer risk. A Q* is calculated and used to estimate risk which 
represents a probability of

[[Page 46423]]

occurrence of additional cancer cases (e.g., risk). An example of how 
such a probability risk is expressed would be to describe the risk as 
one in one hundred thousand (1 X 10-\5\), one in a million 
(1 X 10-\6\), or one in ten million (1 X 10-\7\). 
Under certain specific circumstances, MOE calculations will be used for 
the carcinogenic risk assessment. In this non-linear approach, a 
``point of departure'' is identified below which carcinogenic effects 
are not expected. The point of departure is typically a NOAEL based on 
an endpoint related to cancer effects though it may be a different 
value derived from the dose response curve. To estimate risk, a ratio 
of the point of departure to exposure (MOEcancer = point of 
departure/exposures) is calculated.
    A summary of the toxicological endpoints for aminopyralid used for 
human risk assessment is shown in Table 2 of this unit:

      Table 2.--Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Chemical for Use in Human Risk Assessments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Special FQPA SF and
          Exposure scenario               Dose used in risk       level of concern for   Study and toxicological
                                            assessment, UF          risk assessment              effects
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acute dietary                                                                            No appropriate
(General population, including                                                            toxicological endpoint
 infants and children).                                                                   attributable to a
                                                                                          single exposure was
                                                                                          identified in the
                                                                                          available toxicology
                                                                                          studies.
--------------------------------------
Chronic dietary                        NOAEL= 50 mg/kg/day      cPAD= cRfd/FQPA SF       Chronic toxicity/
(All populations)....................   UF= 100...............   cPAD= 0.5 mg/kg/day...   carcinogenicity study
                                        Chronic RfD=0.5 mg/kg/                            LOAEL= 500mg/kg/
                                        day.                                              daybased on cecal
                                                                                          enlargement, slight
                                                                                          mucosal hyperplasia in
                                                                                          males and slightly
                                                                                          decreased body
                                                                                          weights.
--------------------------------------
Incidental oral                        NOAEL= 104 mg /kg/day    Residential LOC for MOE  Developmental rabbit
 Short-term (1[dash]30 days).........                            = 100                    study (GF-871)
                                                                 Occupational LOC for     LOAEL=260 mg/kg/
                                                                 MOE = 100.               daybased on severe
                                                                                          inanition (exhaustion
                                                                                          due to lack of food)
                                                                                          and body weight loss,
                                                                                          decreased fecal
                                                                                          output, and mild
                                                                                          incoordinated gait.
--------------------------------------
Incidental oral                        NOAEL = 104 mg /kg/day   Residential LOC for MOE  Developmental rabbit
Intermediate-term (1-6 months).......                            = 100                    study (GF-871)
                                                                 Occupational LOC for     LOAEL=260 mg/kg/day
                                                                 MOE = 100.               based on severe
                                                                                          inanition (exhaustion
                                                                                          due to lack of food)
                                                                                          and body weight loss,
                                                                                          decreased fecal
                                                                                          output, and mild
                                                                                          incoordinated gait.
--------------------------------------
Dermal                                 N/A                      N/A                      No endpoint identified
 Short-term (1-30 days)..............                                                     for this group.
                                                                                          No absorption study
                                                                                          available.
                                                                                          No systemic toxicity
                                                                                          seen at the limit dose
                                                                                          (1,000 mg/kg/day) in
                                                                                          the 28-day dermal
                                                                                          toxicity study in
                                                                                          rats.
--------------------------------------
Dermal                                 N/A                      N/A                      No endpoint identified
 Intermediate-term (1-6 months)......                                                     for this group.
                                                                                          No absorption study
                                                                                          available.
                                                                                          No systemic toxicity
                                                                                          seen at the limit dose
                                                                                          (1,000 mg/kg/day) in
                                                                                          the 28-day dermal
                                                                                          toxicity study in
                                                                                          rats.
--------------------------------------
Dermal                                 N/A                      N/A                      No endpoint identified
 Long-term (> 6 months)..............                                                     for this group.
                                                                                          No absorption study
                                                                                          available.
                                                                                          No systemic toxicity
                                                                                          seen at the limit dose
                                                                                          (1,000 mg/kg/day) in
                                                                                          the 28-day dermal
                                                                                          toxicity study in
                                                                                          rats.
--------------------------------------
Inhalation                             NOAEL = 104 mg /kg/day   Residential LOC for MOE  Developmental rabbit
Short-term (1-30 days)...............                            = 100                    study (GF-871)
                                                                 Occupational LOC for     LOAEL = 260 mg/kg/day
                                                                 MOE = 100.               based on severe
                                                                                          inanition (loss of
                                                                                          vitality due to lack
                                                                                          of food) and body
                                                                                          weight loss, decreased
                                                                                          fecal output, and mild
                                                                                          incoordinated gait.
--------------------------------------
Inhalation                             NOAEL = 104 mg /kg/day   Residential LOC for MOE  Developmental rabbit
Intermediate-term (1-6 months).......                            = 100                    study (GF-871)
                                                                 Occupational LOC for     LOAEL=260 mg/kg/day
                                                                 MOE = 100.               based on severe
                                                                                          inanition (loss of
                                                                                          vitality due to lack
                                                                                          of food) and body
                                                                                          weight loss, decreased
                                                                                          fecal output, and mild
                                                                                          incoordinated gait.
--------------------------------------
Inhalation                             N/A                      N/A                      N/A
 Long-term (> 6 months)..............
--------------------------------------
Cancer                                      Classification: There was no treatment related increase in tumor
(Oral, dermal, inhalation)...........    incidence when compared to control. This chemical is not likely to be a
                                                                       carcinogen.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level, PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic) RfD =
  reference dose, MOE = margin of exposure, LOC = level of concern, N/A = Not Applicable


[[Page 46424]]

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. Currently, no 
tolerances have been established for the residues of aminopyralid, in 
or on any raw agricultural commodity. Risk assessments were conducted 
by EPA to assess dietary exposures from aminopyralid in food as 
follows:
    i. Acute exposure. Acute dietary risk assessments are performed for 
a food-use pesticide, if a toxicological study has indicated the 
possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result of a 1-day or 
single exposure. An endpoint of concern attributable to a single dose 
of aminopyralid was not identified. Therefore, an acute dietary 
exposure assessment was not conducted.
    ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting the chronic dietary risk 
assessment EPA used the Lifeline\TM\ Model Version 2.0 software which 
incorporates food consumption data as reported by respondents in the 
USDA 1994-1996 and 1998 Nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by 
Individuals (CSFII), and accumulated exposure to the chemical for each 
commodity. The following assumptions were made for the chronic exposure 
assessments. This risk assessment assumed that 100% crop treated for 
all food and feed commodities and tolerance level residues.
    The dietary exposure was based on residues of aminopyralid in or on 
grass and wheat commodities treated with formulations of its 
triisopropanolammonium (TIPA) salt and potential drinking water 
exposure. Total dietary exposures for the U.S. population and all 
subpopulations were less than 0.0013 mg/kg/day.
    iii. Cancer. Aminopyralid is classified as ``not likely to be 
carcinogenic to humans'' based on the lack of evidence for 
carcinogenicity in mice and rats. Therefore, a quantitative cancer 
exposure assessment was not conducted.
    iv. Anticipated residue and percent crop treated (PCT) information. 
Section 408(b)(2)(E) of FFDCA authorizes EPA to use available data and 
information on the anticipated residue levels of pesticide residues in 
food and the actual levels of pesticide chemicals that have been 
measured in food. If EPA relies on such information, EPA must pursuant 
to section 408(f)(1) of FFDCA require that data be provided 5 years 
after the tolerance is established, modified, or left in effect, 
demonstrating that the levels in food are not above the levels 
anticipated. Following the initial data submission, EPA is authorized 
to require similar data on a time frame it deems appropriate. For the 
present action, EPA did not rely on anticipated residues or PCT 
information.
    2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. The Agency lacks 
sufficient monitoring exposure data to complete a comprehensive dietary 
exposure analysis and risk assessment for aminopyralid in drinking 
water. Because the Agency does not have comprehensive monitoring data, 
drinking water concentration estimates are made by reliance on 
simulation or modeling taking into account data on the physical 
characteristics of aminopyralid.
    The Agency uses the Generic Estimated Environmental Concentration 
(GENEEC) or the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling 
System (PRZM/EXAMS) to estimate pesticide concentrations in surface 
water and the Screening Concentration in Ground Water Modeling System 
(SCI-GROW), which predicts pesticide concentrations in ground water. In 
general, EPA will use GENEEC (a tier 1 model) before using PRZM/EXAMS 
(a tier 2 model) for a screening-level assessment for surface water. 
The GENEEC model is a subset of the PRZM/EXAMS model that uses a 
specific high-end runoff scenario for pesticides. GENEEC incorporates a 
farm pond scenario, while PRZM/EXAMS incorporate an index reservoir 
environment in place of the previous pond scenario. The PRZM/EXAMS 
model includes a percent crop area factor as an adjustment to account 
for the maximum percent crop coverage within a watershed or drainage 
basin.
    None of these models include consideration of the impact processing 
(mixing, dilution, or treatment) of raw water for distribution as 
drinking water would likely have on the removal of pesticides from the 
source water. The primary use of these models by the Agency at this 
stage is to provide a screen for sorting out pesticides for which it is 
unlikely that drinking water concentrations would exceed human health 
levels of concern.
    Aminopyralid is relatively persistent in the environment at 
relevant pH's and temperatures. It is rapidly photodegraded in water 
under favorable light conditions. Laboratory studies found a half-life 
of 0.6 day. In addition to carbon dioxide, there were two major 
degradates, oxamic acid and malonamic acid, other degradates were at 
least four different 2 and 3 carbon acid amides. Photodegradation is 
expected to be a significant route of dissipation for aminopyralid in 
the environment in clear shallow surface water. Aminopyralid 
photogradades moderately slowly on soil, with half-life of 72.2 days in 
one study.
    Aminopyralid is mobile in soils and generally is not expected to 
bind to aquatic sediments. Based on resultsreported in terrestrial 
field dissipation studies, aminopyralid appears to be non-persistent in 
the field. No majordegradates were identified.
    Since the models used are considered to be screening tools in the 
risk assessment process, the Agency estimated environmental 
concentrations (EECs), which are the model estimates of a pesticide's 
concentration in water. Estimated drinking water concentration (EDWC) 
derived from these models are used to quantify drinking water exposure 
and risk as a %RfD or %PAD.
    Based on the PRZM/EXAMS model, the EECs of aminopyralid for chronic 
exposures are estimated to be 1.937 parts per billion (ppb) for surface 
water and 0.630 ppb for ground water. The chronic estimated water 
concentrations derived from surface water modeling results were 
significantly higher than the modeled ground water concentrations, and 
therefore protective of potential exposures via ground water sources of 
drinking water when incorporated into aggregate exposure estimates. The 
aminopyralid EEC's were incorporated into LifeLine\TM\ Model Version 
2.0 to determine aggregate pesticide exposures from pesticide residues 
in the diet.
    3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, 
termiticides, and flea and tick control on pets).Aminopyralid has no 
pending applications to register any use on residential sites; however, 
use of aminopyralid is requested on campgrounds and other natural 
recreation areas. Such use could result in post-application incidental 
oral exposures for infants and children.
    4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.''
    Aminopyralid is a pyridinecarboxylic acids as are the pesticides 
picloram and clopyralid. Although these pesticides share a common 
herbicidal mode-of-action (auxinic growth regulation), this auxinic 
growth process in plants is not

[[Page 46425]]

present in mammals. No common mode of mammalian toxicity has been 
identified for auxinic herbicides. An evaluation of the mammalian 
toxicology databases of all three active ingredients for target organ 
toxicities indicates that there is no evidence that the same toxic 
effect occurs in or at the same organ or tissue by essentially the same 
sequence of major biochemical events.
    For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has not 
assumed that aminopyralid has a common mechanism of toxicity with other 
substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which 
chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the 
cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the policy statements 
released by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs concerning common 
mechanism determinations and procedures for cumulating effects from 
substances found to have a common mechanism on EPA's website at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative/.

D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    1.In general. Section 408 of FFDCA provides that EPA shall apply an 
additional tenfold margin of safety for infants and children in the 
case of threshold effects to account for pre-natal and post-natal 
toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity and exposure 
unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a different margin of 
safety will be safe for infants and children. Margins of safety are 
incorporated into EPA risk assessments either directly through use of a 
MOE analysis or through using UFs (safety) in calculating a dose level 
that poses no appreciable risk to humans. In applying this provision, 
EPA either retains the default value of 10X when reliable data do not 
support the choice of a different factor, or, if reliable data are 
available, EPA uses a different additional safety factor value based on 
the use of traditional uncertainty factors and/or special FQPA safety 
factors, as appropriate.
    2. Pre-natal and post-natal sensitivity. There is no evidence of 
increased qualitative or quantitative susceptibility of the fetuses in 
the rat or rabbit developmental toxicity studies (XDE-750 and GF-871) 
or in a 2-generation reproduction study (rat) after exposure to 
aminopyralid. The toxicology database is complete with respect to pre- 
and post-natal toxicity. Therefore, EPA has no residual uncertainty 
regarding this finding.
    In an acute neurotoxicity study in rats with XDE-750, there were no 
treatment-related effects on the Functional Observational Battery 
(FOB), motor activity, or neuropathological observations. Clinical 
observations of rats in the 2,000 mg/kg/day group revealed a higher 
incidence of fecal soiling in males and urine soiling in females 
compared to the controls. However, these effects were transient (most 
resolving within 3-4 days of treatment) and without gross or 
neuropathologic changes. In addition, a chronic neurotoxicity study in 
rats did not demonstrate effects that would suggest neurotoxicity. In 
developmental toxicity studies in rabbits with aminopyralid (XDE-750 
and GF-871) incoordinated gait was observed in males and females in the 
mid- and high-dose groups. However this finding was transient, with 
complete reversal within 2 hours post-dosing. Incoordinated gait was 
not observed in any of the other toxicity studies reviewed. A 
developmental neurotoxicity study (DNT) is not recommended based on 
these studies.
    3. Conclusion. There is a complete toxicity database for 
aminopyralid and exposure data are complete or are estimated based on 
data that reasonably accounts for potential exposures.The FQPA SF was 
reduced to 1X, based upon the following: As mentioned above, there is 
no quantitative or qualitative evidence of increased susceptibility of 
rat and rabbit fetuses to in utero exposure to aminopyralid in 
developmental toxicity studies. There is no quantitative or qualitative 
evidence of increased susceptibility to aminopyralid following pre-/
post-natal exposure in a 2-generation reproduction study. In addition, 
there is no concern for developmental neurotoxicity resulting from 
exposure to aminopyralid, and a developmental neurotoxicity study is 
not required. Furthermore, the chronic dietary food exposure assessment 
assumes 100% crops treated for all commodities. The dietary drinking 
water assessment utilizes water concentration values generated by model 
and associated modeling parameters which are designed to provide 
conservative, health protective, high-end estimates of water 
concentrations which will not likely be exceeded. Finally, for the 
proposed uses for aminopyralid which result in recreational exposure; 
default assumptions, that result in high-end estimates of exposure, 
were used.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    The Agency currently has two ways to estimate total aggregate 
exposure to a pesticide from food, drinking water, and residential 
uses. First, a screening assessment can be used, in which the Agency 
calculates drinking water levels of comparison (DWLOCs) which are used 
as a point of comparison against EECs. The DWLOC values are not 
regulatory standards for drinking water, but are theoretical upper 
limits on a pesticide's concentration in drinking water in light of 
total aggregate exposure to a pesticide in food and residential uses. 
In calculating a DWLOC, the Agency determines how much of the 
acceptable exposure (i.e., the PAD) is available for exposure through 
drinking water [e.g., allowable chronic water exposure (mg/kg/day) = 
cPAD - (average food + residential exposure)]. This allowable exposure 
through drinking water is used to calculate a DWLOC.
    A DWLOC will vary depending on the toxic endpoint, drinking water 
consumption, and body weights. Default body weights and consumption 
values as used by the EPA's Office of Water are used to calculate 
DWLOCs: 2 liter (L)/70 kg (adult male), 2L/60 kg (adult female), and 
1L/10 kg (child). Different populations will have different DWLOCs. 
Generally, a DWLOC is calculated for each type of risk assessment used: 
Acute, short-term, intermediate-term, chronic, and cancer.
    When EECs for surface water and ground water are less than the 
calculated DWLOCs, OPP concludes with reasonable certainty that 
exposures to the pesticide in drinking water (when considered along 
with other sources of exposure for which OPP has reliable data) would 
not result in unacceptable levels of aggregate human health risk at 
this time. Because OPP considers the aggregate risk resulting from 
multiple exposure pathways associated with a pesticide's uses, levels 
of comparison in drinking water may vary as those uses change. When new 
uses are added OPP reassesses the potential impacts of residues of the 
pesticide in drinking water as a part of the aggregate risk assessment 
process.
    More recently the Agency has used another approach to estimate 
aggregate exposure through food, residential and drinking water 
pathways. In this approach, modeled surface and ground water EECs are 
directly incorporated into the dietary exposure analysis, along with 
food. This provides a more realistic estimate of exposure because 
actual body weights and water consumption from the CSFII are used. The 
combined food and water exposures are then added to estimated exposure 
from residential sources to calculate aggregate risks. The resulting 
exposure and risk estimates are still considered to be high end, due to 
the assumptions used in

[[Page 46426]]

developing drinking water modeling inputs.
    1. Acute risk. An endpoint of concern attributable to a single dose 
was not identified. Therefore, no acute risk is expected.
    2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this 
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that exposure to 
aminopyralid from food plus drinking water will utilize <1% of the cPAD 
for the U.S. population, <1% of the cPAD for children 1-2 years old , 
and <1% of the cPAD for children 6-12 years old. There are no 
residential uses for aminopyralid that result in chronic residential 
exposure to aminopyralid.
    3. Short-term risk. Short-term aggregate exposure takes into 
account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water 
(considered to be a background exposure level).
    Although there will not be any residential uses for aminopyralid, 
Dow AgroSciences, LLC has pending applications for use-sites: 
Campgrounds and recreational areas. EPA has completed short-term risk 
assessment for these use-sites. The risk assessment was for the 
potential post-application exposure of infants and children, based on 
hand-to-mouth transfer of residues and ingestion of aminopyralid-
contaminated grass and soil. Post-application inhalation exposure is 
not expected to occur. For the risk assessment of these incidental 
exposures, the NOAEL of 104 mg/kg/day found in the rabbit development 
study, was used. The combined exposures from food and drinking water 
and these incidental exposures were used to estimate short-term 
aggregate risk for infants and children. The Table 3 of this unit gives 
the EPA's short-term exposure and risk estimates for aminopyralid, 
resulting from potential exposures from food, drinking water and the 
recreational uses of aminopyralid.

                                       Table 3.--Short-Term Aggregate Exposure and Risk Estimates for Aminopyralid
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          Exposure, mg/kg/day
       Population subgroup         NOAEL, mg/kg/day  ------------------------------------------------------------    Aggregate MOE
                                                            Dietary        Total non-dietary    Total aggregate
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All infants (< 1 year)            104                 0.00052             0.0021              0.00262             40,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Children 1-2 years                104                 0.00120             0.0021              0.00330             32,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Children 3-5 years                104                 0.00088             0.0021              0.00298             35,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Children 6-12 years               104                 0.00052             0.0021              0.00262             40,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The EPA acknowledges that the aggregate exposure and risk estimates 
for infants and children are likely overestimates and the coincidence 
of such exposures will not be common.
    4. Intermediate-term risk. Intermediate-term aggregate exposure 
takes into account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food 
and water (considered to be a background exposure level).
    Aminopyralid has no pending registration for any sites that would 
result in intermediate-term exposure. While there is potential short-
term exposure from the campgrounds and recreation area uses, there are 
no potential intermediate-term (30-180 days) exposures.
    5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Aminopyralid has not 
been shown to be carcinogenic. Therefore, aminopyralid is not expected 
to pose a cancer risk.
    6. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population, and to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to aminopyralid residues.

IV. Other Considerations

A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology

    Adequate enforcement methodology, liquid chromotography and 
positive ion electrospray tandem spectrometry with limits of 
quantitation of 0.01 ppm, is available to enforce the tolerance 
expression. The method may be requested from: Chief, Analytical 
Chemistry Branch, Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. 
Meade, MD 20755-5350; telephone number: (410) 305-2905; e-mail address: 
[email protected].

B. International Residue Limits

    There are currently no established Codex, Canadian, or Mexican 
maximum residue limits for aminopyralid.

C. Conditions

    Dow AgroScience, LLC must submit storage stability data for grass 
forage and hay reflecting up to approximately 15 months of frozen 
storage.

D. Public Comments

    One comment was received. B. Sachau objected to the proposed 
tolerance because of the amounts of pesticides already consumed and 
carried by the American population. The commenter also claimed that 
tests conducted with animals have absolutely no validity and are cruel 
to the testanimals. EPA has responded to B. Sachau's generalized 
comments on numerous previous occasions. (See the Federal Register of 
January 7, 2005 (70 FR 1349-1354) (FRL-7691-4) and the Federal Register 
of October 29, 2004 (69 FR 63083-63096) (FRL-7681-9)).

V. Conclusion

    Therefore, the tolerances are established for residues of 
aminopyralid, free and conjugated residues, in or on aspirated grain 
fractions at 0.2 ppm; grass, forage at 25 ppm; grass, hay at 50 ppm; 
wheat bran at 0.1 ppm; wheat , forage at 2.0 ppm; wheat, grain at 0.04 
ppm; wheat, hay at 4.0 ppm; wheat, straw at 0.25 ppm; and tolerances 
are established for residues of aminopyralid in or on cattle, fat at 
0.02 ppm; cattle, meat at 0.02 ppm; cattle, meat byproducts, except 
kidney at 0.02 ppm; cattle, kidney at 0.3 ppm; goat, fat at 0.02 ppm; 
goat, meat at 0.02 ppm; goat, meat byproducts, except kidney at 0.02 
ppm; goat, kidney at 0.3 ppm; horse, fat at 0.02 ppm; horse, meat at 
0.02 ppm; horse, meat byproducts, except kidney at 0.02 ppm; horse, 
kidney at 0.3 ppm; milk at 0.03 ppm; sheep, fat at 0.02 ppm; sheep, 
meat at 0.02 ppm; sheep, meat byproducts,

[[Page 46427]]

except kidney at 0.02 ppm; and sheep, kidney at 0.3 ppm.

VI. Objections and Hearing Requests

    Under section 408(g) of FFDCA, as amended by FQPA, any person may 
file an objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request 
a hearing on those objections. The EPA procedural regulations which 
govern the submission of objections and requests for hearings appear in 
40 CFR part 178. Although the procedures in those regulations require 
some modification to reflect the amendments made to FFDCA by FQPA, EPA 
will continue to use those procedures, with appropriate adjustments, 
until the necessary modifications can be made. The new section 408(g) 
of FFDCA provides essentially the same process for persons to 
``object'' to a regulation for an exemption from the requirement of a 
tolerance issued by EPA under new section 408(d) of FFDCA, as was 
provided in the old sections 408 and 409 of FFDCA. However, the period 
for filing objections is now 60 days, rather than 30 days.

A. What Do I Need to Do to File an Objection or Request a Hearing?

    You must file your objection or request a hearing on this 
regulation in accordance with the instructions provided in this unit 
and in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must 
identify docket ID number OPP-2004-0139 in the subject line on the 
first page of your submission. All requests must be in writing, and 
must be mailed or delivered to the Hearing Clerk on or before October 
11, 2005.
    1. Filing the request. Your objection must specify the specific 
provisions in the regulation that you object to, and the grounds for 
the objections (40 CFR 178.25). If a hearing is requested, the 
objections must include a statement of the factual issues on which a 
hearing is requested, the requestor's contentions on such issues, and a 
summary of any evidence relied upon by the objector (40 CFR 178.27). 
Information submitted in connection with an objection or hearing 
request may be claimed confidential by marking any part or all of that 
information as CBI. Information so marked will not be disclosed except 
in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. A copy of the 
information that does not contain CBI must be submitted for inclusion 
in the public record. Information not marked confidential may be 
disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice.
    Mail your written request to: Office of the Hearing Clerk (1900L), 
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., 
Washington, DC 20460-0001. You may also deliver your request to the 
Office of the Hearing Clerk in Suite 350, 1099 14\th\ St., NW., 
Washington, DC 20005. The Office of the Hearing Clerk is open from 8 
a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The 
telephone number for the Office of the Hearing Clerk is (202) 564-6255.
    2. Copies for the Docket. In addition to filing an objection or 
hearing request with the Hearing Clerk as described in Unit VI.A., you 
should also send a copy of your request to the PIRIB for its inclusion 
in the official record that is described in ADDRESSES. Mail your 
copies, identified by docket ID number OPP-2004-0139 to: Public 
Information and Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and 
Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental 
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-
0001. In person or by courier, bring a copy to the location of the 
PIRIB described in ADDRESSES. You may also send an electronic copy of 
your request via e-mail to: [email protected]. Please use an ASCII 
file format and avoid the use of special characters and any form of 
encryption. Copies of electronic objections and hearing requests will 
also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect 6.1/8.0 or ASCII file format. 
Do not include any CBI in your electronic copy. You may also submit an 
electronic copy of your request at many Federal Depository Libraries.

B. When Will the Agency Grant a Request for a Hearing?

    A request for a hearing will be granted if the Administrator 
determines that the material submitted shows the following: There is a 
genuine and substantial issue of fact; there is a reasonable 
possibility that available evidence identified by the requestor would, 
if established resolve one or more of such issues in favor of the 
requestor, taking into account uncontested claims or facts to the 
contrary; and resolution of the factual issues in the manner sought by 
the requestor would be adequate to justify the action requested (40 CFR 
178.32).

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This final rule establishes a tolerance under section 408(d) of 
FFDCA in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from 
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and 
Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this rule has been 
exempted from review under Executive Order 12866 due to its lack of 
significance, this rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211, 
Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 
Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001). This final rule does 
not contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under 
the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., or impose 
any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under 
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Public Law 
104-4). Nor does it require any special considerations under Executive 
Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice 
in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, 
February 16, 1994); or OMB review or any Agency action under Executive 
Order 13045, entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health 
Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This action does 
not involve any technical standards that would require Agency 
consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant to section 
12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 
(NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note). Since 
tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis of a 
petition under section 408(d) of FFDCA, such as the tolerance in this 
final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the 
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.) do not apply. In addition, the Agency has determined that this 
action will not have a substantial direct effect on States, on the 
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the 
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of 
government, as specified in Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism 
(64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999). Executive Order 13132 requires EPA to 
develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input 
by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies 
that have federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have federalism 
implications'' is defined in the Executive order to include regulations 
that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on the 
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the 
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of 
government.'' This final rule directly regulates growers, food

[[Page 46428]]

processors, food handlers and food retailers, not States. This action 
does not alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of section 408(n)(4) of FFDCA. For these same reasons, the Agency has 
determined that this rule does not have any ``tribal implications'' as 
described in Executive Order 13175, entitled Consultation and 
Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (65 FR 67249, November 6, 
2000). Executive Order 13175, requires EPA to develop an accountable 
process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by tribal officials in 
the development of regulatory policies that have tribal implications.'' 
``Policies that have tribal implications'' is defined in the Executive 
order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on 
one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal 
Government and the Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.'' 
This rule will not have substantial direct effects on tribal 
governments, on the relationship between the Federal Government and 
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities 
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, as specified in 
Executive Order 13175. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to 
this rule.

VIII. Congressional Review Act

    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the 
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally 
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating 
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, 
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the 
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other 
required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of 
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior 
to publication of this final rule in the Federal Register. This final 
rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.


    Dated: July 27, 2005.
James Jones,
Director, Office of Pesticide Programs.

0
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.

0
2. Section 180.610 is added to subpart C to read as follows:


Sec.  180.610  Aminopyralid; tolerances for residues.

    (a ) General. (1) Tolerances are established for free and 
conjugated residues of the herbicide, aminopyralid (2-pyridine 
carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3,6-dichloro-) calculated as aminopyralid in 
or on:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Commodity                        Parts per million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grass, forage..................................                       25
Grass, hay.....................................                       50
Wheat, bran....................................                      0.1
Wheat, forage..................................                      2.0
Wheat, grain...................................                     0.04
Wheat, hay.....................................                      4.0
Wheat, straw...................................                     0.25
Aspirated grain fractions......................                      0.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide 
aminopyralid in or on:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Commodity                        Parts per million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle, fat....................................                     0.02
Cattle, meat...................................                     0.02
Cattle, meat byproducts, excluding kidney......                     0.02
Cattle, kidney.................................                      0.3
Goat, fat......................................                     0.02
Goat, meat.....................................                     0.02
Goat, meat byproducts, excluding kidney........                     0.02
Goat, kidney...................................                      0.3
Horse, fat.....................................                     0.02
Horse, meat....................................                     0.02
Horse, meat byproducts, excluding kidney.......                     0.02
Horse, kidney..................................                      0.3
Milk...........................................                     0.03
Sheep, fat.....................................                     0.02
Sheep, meat....................................                     0.02
Sheep, meat byproducts, excluding kidney.......                     0.02
Sheep, kidney..................................                      0.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved]
    (c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved]
    (d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved]

[FR Doc. 05-15523 Filed 8-9-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-S