[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 125 (Thursday, June 30, 2005)]
[Notices]
[Pages 37852-37856]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-12950]



[[Page 37852]]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[OPP-2005-0149; FRL-7718-9]


Indoxacarb; Notice of Filing a Pesticide Petition to Establish a 
Tolerance for a Certain Pesticide Chemical in or on Food

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: This notice announces the initial filing of pesticide 
petitions proposing the establishment of regulations for residues of a 
certain pesticide chemical in or on various food commodities.

DATES: Comments, identified by docket identification (ID) number OPP-
2005-0149, must be received on or before August 1, 2005.

ADDRESSES: Comments may be submitted electronically, by mail, or 
through hand delivery/courier. Follow the detailed instructions as 
provided in Unit I. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Shaja R. Brothers, Registration 
Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental 
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-
0001; telephone number: (703) 308-3194; e-mail address: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this Action Apply to Me?

     You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
Potentially affected entities may include, but are not limited to:
     Crop production (NAICS 111)
     Animal production (NAICS 112)
     Food manufacturing (NAICS 311)
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS 32532)
     This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides 
a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this 
action. Other types of entities not listed in this unit could also be 
affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) 
codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining 
whether this action might apply to certain entities. If you have any 
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular 
entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT.

B. How Can I Get Copies of this Document and Other Related Information?

    1. Docket. EPA has established an official public docket for this 
action under docket ID number OPP-2005-0149. The official public docket 
consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, any 
public comments received, and other information related to this action. 
Although a part of the official docket, the public docket does not 
include Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. The official public docket 
is the collection of materials that is available for public viewing at 
the Public Information and Records Integrity Branch (PIRIB), Rm. 119, 
Crystal Mall 2, 1801 S. Bell St., Arlington, VA. This docket 
facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
excluding legal holidays. The docket telephone number is (703) 305-
5805.
    2. Electronic access. You may access this Federal Register document 
electronically through the EPA Internet under the ``Federal Register'' 
listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/.
    An electronic version of the public docket is available through 
EPA's electronic public docket and comment system, EPA Dockets. You may 
use EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/edocket/ to submit or view public 
comments, access the index listing of the contents of the official 
public docket, and to access those documents in the public docket that 
are available electronically. Although not all docket materials may be 
available electronically, you may still access any of the publicly 
available docket materials through the docket facility identified in 
Unit I.B.1. Once in the system, select ``search,'' then key in the 
appropriate docket ID number.
    Certain types of information will not be placed in the EPA Dockets. 
Information claimed as CBI and other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute, which is not included in the official public 
docket, will not be available for public viewing in EPA's electronic 
public docket. EPA's policy is that copyrighted material will not be 
placed in EPA's electronic public docket but will be available only in 
printed, paper form in the official public docket. To the extent 
feasible, publicly available docket materials will be made available in 
EPA's electronic public docket. When a document is selected from the 
index list in EPA Dockets, the system will identify whether the 
document is available for viewing in EPA's electronic public docket. 
Although not all docket materials may be available electronically, you 
may still access any of the publicly available docket materials through 
the docket facility identified in Unit I.B. EPA intends to work towards 
providing electronic access to all of the publicly available docket 
materials through EPA's electronic public docket.
    For public commenters, it is important to note that EPA's policy is 
that public comments, whether submitted electronically or in paper, 
will be made available for public viewing in EPA's electronic public 
docket as EPA receives them and without change, unless the comment 
contains copyrighted material, CBI, or other information whose 
disclosure is restricted by statute. When EPA identifies a comment 
containing copyrighted material, EPA will provide a reference to that 
material in the version of the comment that is placed in EPA's 
electronic public docket. The entire printed comment, including the 
copyrighted material, will be available in the public docket.
    Public comments submitted on computer disks that are mailed or 
delivered to the docket will be transferred to EPA's electronic public 
docket. Public comments that are mailed or delivered to the docket will 
be scanned and placed in EPA's electronic public docket. Where 
practical, physical objects will be photographed, and the photograph 
will be placed in EPA's electronic public docket along with a brief 
description written by the docket staff.

C. How and To Whom Do I Submit Comments?

    You may submit comments electronically, by mail, or through hand 
delivery/courier. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, identify the 
appropriate docket ID number in the subject line on the first page of 
your comment. Please ensure that your comments are submitted within the 
specified comment period. Comments received after the close of the 
comment period will be marked ``late.'' EPA is not required to consider 
these late comments. If you wish to submit CBI or information that is 
otherwise protected by statute, please follow the instructions in Unit 
I.D. Do not use EPA Dockets or e-mail to submit CBI or information 
protected by statute.
    1. Electronically. If you submit an electronic comment as 
prescribed in this unit, EPA recommends that you include your name, 
mailing address, and an e-mail address or other contact information in 
the body of your comment. Also, include this contact information on the 
outside of any disk or CD ROM you submit, and in any

[[Page 37853]]

cover letter accompanying the disk or CD ROM. This ensures that you can 
be identified as the submitter of the comment and allows EPA to contact 
you in case EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties 
or needs further information on the substance of your comment. EPA's 
policy is that EPA will not edit your comment, and any identifying or 
contact information provided in the body of a comment will be included 
as part of the comment that is placed in the official public docket, 
and made available in EPA's electronic public docket. If EPA cannot 
read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you 
for clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment.
    i. EPA Dockets. Your use of EPA's electronic public docket to 
submit comments to EPA electronically is EPA's preferred method for 
receiving comments. Go directly to EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/edocket/, and follow the online instructions for submitting comments. 
Once in the system, select ``search,'' and then key in docket ID number 
OPP-2005-0149. The system is an ``anonymous access'' system, which 
means EPA will not know your identity, e-mail address, or other contact 
information unless you provide it in the body of your comment.
    ii. E-mail. Comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected], 
Attention: Docket ID Number OPP-2005-0149. In contrast to EPA's 
electronic public docket, EPA's e-mail system is not an ``anonymous 
access'' system. If you send an e-mail comment directly to the docket 
without going through EPA's electronic public docket, EPA's e-mail 
system automatically captures your e-mail address. E-mail addresses 
that are automatically captured by EPA's e-mail system are included as 
part of the comment that is placed in the official public docket, and 
made available in EPA's electronic public docket.
    iii. Disk or CD ROM. You may submit comments on a disk or CD ROM 
that you mail to the mailing address identified in Unit I.C.2. These 
electronic submissions will be accepted in WordPerfect or ASCII file 
format. Avoid the use of special characters and any form of encryption.
    2. By mail. Send your comments to: Public Information and Records 
Integrity Branch (PIRIB) (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), 
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., 
Washington, DC 20460-0001, Attention: Docket ID Number OPP-2005-0149.
    3. By hand delivery or courier. Deliver your comments to: Public 
Information and Records Integrity Branch (PIRIB), Office of Pesticide 
Programs (OPP), Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. 119, Crystal Mall 
2, 1801 S. Bell St., Arlington, VA, Attention: Docket ID 
Number OPP-2005-0149. Such deliveries are only accepted during the 
docket's normal hours of operation as identified in Unit I.B.1.

D. How Should I Submit CBI to the Agency?

    Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI 
electronically through EPA's electronic public docket or by e-mail. You 
may claim information that you submit to EPA as CBI by marking any part 
or all of that information as CBI (if you submit CBI on disk or CD ROM, 
mark the outside of the disk or CD ROM as CBI and then identify 
electronically within the disk or CD ROM the specific information that 
is CBI). Information so marked will not be disclosed except in 
accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
    In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes 
any information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not 
contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion 
in the public docket and EPA's electronic public docket. If you submit 
the copy that does not contain CBI on disk or CD ROM, mark the outside 
of the disk or CD ROM clearly that it does not contain CBI. Information 
not marked as CBI will be included in the public docket and EPA's 
electronic public docket without prior notice. If you have any 
questions about CBI or the procedures for claiming CBI, please consult 
the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

E. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?

     You may find the following suggestions helpful for preparing your 
comments:
     1. Explain your views as clearly as possible.
     2. Describe any assumptions that you used.
     3. Provide copies of any technical information and/or data you 
used that support your views.
     4. If you estimate potential burden or costs, explain how you 
arrived at the estimate that you provide.
     5. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns.
     6. Make sure to submit your comments by the deadline in this 
notice.
     7. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, be sure to identify the docket 
ID number assigned to this action in the subject line on the first page 
of your response. You may also provide the name, date, and Federal 
Register citation.

II. What Action is the Agency Taking?

     EPA has received pesticide petitions as follows proposing the 
establishment and/or amendment of regulations for residues of a certain 
pesticide chemical in or on various food commodities under section 408 
of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346a. 
EPA has determined that these petitions contain data or information 
regarding the elements set forth in FFDCA section 408(d)(2); however, 
EPA has not fully evaluated the sufficiency of the submitted data at 
this time or whether the data support granting of the petitions. 
Additional data may be needed before EPA rules on the petitions.

List of Subjects

     Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed 
additives, Food additives, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.


    Dated: June 21, 2005.
Lois Rossi,
Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.

Summary of Petitions

     The petitioner summary of the pesticide petitions is printed below 
as required by FFDCA section 408(d)(3). The summary of the petitions 
was prepared by the petitioner and represents the view of the 
petitioner. The petition summary announces the availability of a 
description of the analytical methods available to EPA for the 
detection and measurement of the pesticide chemical residues or an 
explanation of why no such method is needed.

Interregional Research Project No. 4

PP 5E6911 and PP 5E6926

     EPA has received pesticide petitions (PP) 5E6911 and 5E6926 from 
Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4), 681 U.S. Highway 
1 South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390 proposing, pursuant to 
section 408(d) of the (FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a(d), to amend 40 CFR part 
180 by establishing tolerances for residues of indoxacarb, (S)-methyl 
7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] 
amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2e] [1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylate] and 
its R-enantiomer [(R)-methyl 7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-
[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]

[[Page 37854]]

amino]carbonyl]indeno [1,2-e] [1,3,4] oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylate] in 
or on the following raw agricultural commodities:
    1. PP 5E6911 proposes the establishment of tolerances for leafy 
greens, except spinach, subgroup 4A at 10 parts per million (ppm), 
spinach at 3.0 ppm, leafy petioles subgroup 4B at 1.5 ppm, fruit, pome, 
except pear, group 11 at 1.0 ppm, vegetable, tuberous and corm, 
subgroup 1C at 0.01 ppm, and okra at 0.5 ppm.
    2. PP 5E6929 proposes the establishment of tolerances for pea, 
southern at 0.1 ppm; peppermint, tops at 10 ppm; and spearmint, tops at 
10 ppm.
    EPA has determined that the petitions contain data or information 
regarding the elements set forth in section 408(d)(2) of the FFDCA; 
however, EPA has not fully evaluated the sufficiency of the submitted 
data at this time or whether the data support granting of the 
petitions. Additional data may be needed before EPA rules on the 
petitions.

A. Residue Chemistry

    The active ingredient in the end-use formulation, DuPont\TM\ 
Avaunt[reg] insecticide, is a 75:25 mixture of two isomers, indoxacarb 
(DPX-KN128) and IN-KN127. Only one of the isomers, indoxacarb (DPX-
KN128), has insecticidal activity. Since the insecticidal efficacy is 
based on the concentration of indoxacarb (DPX-KN128), the application 
rates have been normalized on an indoxacarb (DPX-KN128) basis. The 
proposed tolerance expression includes both indoxacarb (DPX-KN128) and 
IN-KN127, and the residue method does not distinguish between the 
enantiomers. Therefore, residues are reported as the sum of indoxacarb 
(DPX-KN128) combined with IN-KN127. Residues of indoxacarb (DPX-KN128) 
combined with IN-KN127 will be referred to as KN128/KN127.
     1. Plant metabolism. The metabolism of indoxacarb in plants is 
adequately understood to support these tolerances. The only significant 
residue is the parent compound.
     2. Analytical method. The plant residue enforcement method detects 
and quanitates indoxacarb in various matrices including sweet corn, 
lettuce, tomato, broccoli, apple, grape, cottonseed, tomato, peanut and 
soybean commodity samples by high performance liquid chromotography 
using ultra-violet detection (HPLC-UV). The limit of quanitation in the 
method allows monitoring of crops with indoxacarb residues at or above 
the levels proposed in these tolerances.
     3. Magnitude of residues. The magnitude of residues for the 
proposed tolerances is adequately understood.

B. Toxicological Profile

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                  Guideline                                  Title                              Results                            Category
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.1100                                                     Acute oral toxicity  Lethal Dose LD50:1,730 mg/kg (male                         Category II
                                                                                  rat) LD50: 268 mg/kg/ (female rat)
---------------------------------------------
870.1200                                                   Acute dermal toxicity            LD50: >5,000 mg/kg (rat)                         Category IV
---------------------------------------------
870.1300                                               Acute inhalation toxicity  Lethal Concentration LC50: >5.5 mg/                        Category IV
                                                                                              L (male rat) (70% MUP)
---------------------------------------------
870.2400                                                  Primary eye irritation    Effects reversed within 72 hours                        Category III
                                                                                                            (rabbit)
---------------------------------------------
870.2500                                               Primary dermal irritation              No irritation (rabbit)                         Category IV
---------------------------------------------
870.2600                                                      Skin sensitization             Sensitizer (guinea pig)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Formulated products are slightly less acutely toxic than 
indoxacarb.
    1. Acute neurotoxicity study. In an acute neurotoxicity study, 
indoxacarb exhibited decreased forelimb grip strength, decreased foot 
splay, and some evidence of slightly reduced motor activity, but only 
at the highest doses tested. The no observed adverse effect level 
(NOAEL) was 100 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) for males, and 12.5 mg/kg 
for females, based on body weight effects in females 50 mg/kg.
    2. Genotoxicty. Indoxacarb, has shown no genotoxic activity in the 
following listed in vitro and in vivo tests: Ames-negative; in vitro 
mammalian gene mutation Chinese hampster ovary/hypoxanthine quanine 
phopphoribosyl transferase (CHO/HGPRT)-negative; in vitro unscheduled 
DNA synthesis-negative; in vitro chromosomal aberration-negative; and 
in vivo mouse micronucleus-negative.
    3. Reproductive and developmental toxicity. The results of a series 
of studies indicated that there were no reproductive, developmental or 
reproductive hazards associated with the use of indoxacarb. In a 2-
generation rat reproduction study, the parental NOAEL was 1.5 mg/kg/
day. The parental NOAEL was based on observations of reduced weight 
gain and food consumption for the higher concentration groups of the 
F0generation and potential treatment-related changes in 
spleen weights for the higher groups of the F1 generation. 
There was no effect on mating or fertility. The NOAEL for fertility and 
reproduction was 6.4 mg/kg/day. The offspring NOAEL was 1.5 mg/kg/day, 
and was based on the reduced mean pup weights noted for the 
F1 litters of the higher concentration groups. The effects 
on pup weights occurred only at a maternal effect level and may have 
been due to altered growth and nutrition in the dams. In studies 
conducted to evaluate developmental toxicity potential, indoxacarb was 
neither reproductive nor uniquely toxic to the conceptus (i.e., not 
considered a developmental toxin). Developmental studies conducted in 
rats and rabbits demonstrated that the rat was more susceptible than 
the rabbit to the maternal and fetal effects of DPX- MP062. 
Developmental toxicity was observed only in the presence of maternal 
toxicity. The NOAEL for maternal and fetal effects in rats was 2 mg/kg/
day based on body weight effects and decreased food consumption at 4 
mg/kg/day. The NOAEL for developmental effects in fetuses was >4 mg/kg/
day. In rabbits, the maternal and fetal NOAELS were 500 mg/kg/day based 
on body weight effects, decreased food consumption in dams and 
decreased weight and delayed ossification in fetuses at 1,000 mg/kg/
day.
    4. Subchronic toxicity. Subchronic 90-day feeding studies were 
conducted with rats, mice, and dogs. In a 90-day feeding study in rats, 
the NOAEL was

[[Page 37855]]

3.1 and 2.1 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively. In male 
rats, the NOAEL was based on decreased body weight and nutritional 
parameters, mild hemolytic anemia and decreased total protein and 
globulin concentration. In female rats, the NOAEL was based on 
decreased body weight and food efficiency. In a subchronic 
neurotoxicity study in rats, there was no evidence of neurotoxicity at 
11.9 and 6.09 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested for males and females, 
respectively. The subchronic NOAEL in dogs (5.0 mg/kg/day, M/F) was 
based on hemolytic anemia. Erythrocyte values for most dogs were within 
a range that would be considered normal for dogs in a clinical setting. 
Mice were less sensitive to indoxacarb than the rats or dogs. NOAELs 
(23 mg/kg/day, males, 16 mg/kg/day, females) were based on mortality 
(males only); increased reticulocytes and Heinz bodies and decreased 
body weight, weight gain, food consumption, food efficiency; and 
increased clinical signs (leaning to one side and/or with abnormal gait 
or mobility) (females only). In a 28-day repeated dose dermal study, 
the NOAEL was 50 mg/kg/day based on decreased body weights, body weight 
gains, food consumption, and food efficiency in females, and changes in 
hematology parameters, the spleen and clinical signs of toxicity in 
both sexes in rats.
    5.Chronic toxicity. Chronic studies with indoxacarb were conducted 
on rats, mice, and dogs to determine carcinogenic potential and/or 
chronic toxicity of the compound. Effects generally similar to those 
observed in the 90-day studies were seen in the chronic studies. 
Indoxacarb, was not carcinogenic in rats or mice. The chronic NOAEL in 
male rats was 5 mg/kg/day based on body weight and nutritional effects. 
In females, the NOAEL of 2.1 mg/kg/day was based on body weight and 
nutritional changes, as well as biologically significant hematologic 
changes at 3.6 mg/kg/day and above. Hemolytic effects were present only 
through the 6-month evaluation and only in females. The regenerative 
nature of indoxacarb-induced hemolytic anemia was demonstrated by the 
absence of significant changes in indicators of circulating erythrocyte 
mass at later evaluations. In mice, the chronic NOAEL of 2.6 mg/kg/day 
for males was based on deceased body weight and weight gain effects and 
food efficiency at 13.8 mg/kg/day and above. The NOAEL for females was 
4.0 mg/kg/day based on body weight nutritional effects, neurotoxicity, 
and clinical signs at 20 mg/kg/day. In dogs, the chronic NOAEL was 
about 2.3 and 2.4 mg/kg/day in males and females, respectively based on 
hemolytic effects similar to those seen in the subchronic dog study.
    6. Animal metabolism. Animal metabolism has been studied in the 
rat, hen, and cow and is well understood. In contrast to crops, 
indoxacarb is extensively metabolized in animals.
    i. Poultry. In poultry, hens were fed at 10 ppm/day for 5 days, 87-
88% of the total administered dose was excreted; parent comprised 51-
54% of the total dose in excreta. Concentrations of residues in eggs 
were low, 0.3-0.4 of the total dose, as were the concentrations of 
residues in muscle, 0.2% of the total dose. Parent and metabolite IN-
JT333 were not detected in egg whites; only insecticidally inactive 
metabolites were identified. Parent and IN-JT333 were found in egg 
yolks; however, their concentrations were very low-0.01-0.02 ppm. 
Concentrations of parent and IN-JT333 in muscle were at or below the 
limit of quantitation, (LOQ) 0.01 ppm.
    ii. Poultry feeding study. A poultry feeding study was not 
conducted for the initial section 3 registration because finite 
concentrations of residues would not be expected based on the low 
concentration of residues in the metabolism study. However, the Agency 
has required a poultry feeding study as a condition of registration for 
indoxacarb. The study was submitted on October 31, 2003. Once the 
Agency has determined the components of the tolerance expression, 
poultry meat, fat, by-products and egg tolerances will be proposed.
    iii. Cattle. For the cow study, the cattle were fed at 10 ppm/day 
for 5-days; approximately 20% of the total administered dose was 
excreted in urine and 53-60% was excreted in feces in 5-days. Four- 
tenths to 1.2% of the total dose in urine was parent indicating 
extensive metabolism; parent represented 46-68% of the fecal activity. 
Thus, most residues were not absorbed; those residues that were 
absorbed were extensively metabolized. Less than 1% of the total 
administered dose was in milk, most of which was parent compound. The 
insecticidally active metabolite IN-JT333 was not found in milk. 
Residues in muscle represented less than 0.01% of the total 
administered dose most of which was parent. IN-JT333 was not detected 
in muscle. No other metabolites were seen above 10% of the dose, thus 
only parent and IN-JT333 were monitored in the cattle feeding study.
    iv. Cattle feeding study. A cattle feeding study was conducted with 
indoxacarb at doses of 7.5 ppm, 22.5 and 75 ppm. The mean KN128/KN127 
concentrations were proportional to the dosing level in whole milk, 
skim milk, cream, muscle, fat, liver and kidney. Based on final residue 
values for the respective commodities contributing to the cattle diet, 
the anticipated dietary burden in dairy cattle is 51.7 ppm and the 
anticipated dietary burden in beef cattle is 49.1 ppm. The proposed 
grape use will not increase the animal dietary burden. Based on 
standard curves constructed from data in the cattle feeding study, 
KN128/KN127 concentrations at the 51.7 ppm feeding level are 0.123 ppm 
for whole milk, 0.033 ppm for skim milk, and 1.46 ppm for cream. The 
KN128/KN127 concentrations at the 49.1 ppm feeding level are 0.046 ppm 
for muscle, 1.37 ppm for fat, 0.012 ppm for liver, and 0.026 ppm for 
kidney. Tolerances have been established at 1.5 ppm in fat (cattle, 
goat, horse, sheep and hog), 0.05 ppm in meat, 0.03 ppm in meat by-
products, 0.15 ppm in milk, and 4.0 ppm in milk fat.
    7. Metabolite toxicology. In rats, indoxacarb was readily absorbed 
at the low dose 5 mg/kg, but saturated at the high dose 150 mg/kg. 
Indoxacarb, was metabolized extensively, based on very low excretion of 
parent compound in bile and extensive excretion of metabolized dose in 
the urine and feces. Some parent compound remained unabsorbed and was 
excreted in the feces. No parent compound was excreted in the urine. 
The retention and elimination of the metabolite IN-JT333 from fat 
appeared to be the overall rate determining process for elimination of 
radioactive residues from the body. Metabolites in urine were cleaved 
products containing only one radiolabel, while the major metabolites in 
the feces retained both radiolabels. Major metabolic reactions included 
hydroxylation of the indanone ring, hydrolysis of the carboxylmethyl 
group from the amino nitrogen and the opening of the oxadiazine ring, 
which gave rise to cleaved products. Metabolites were identified by 
mass spectral analysis, NMR, UV and/or by comparison to standards 
chemically synthesized or produced by microsomal enzymes.
    8. Endocrine disruption. Lifespan, and multi-generational bioassays 
in mammals, acute, and subchronic studies on aquatic organisms and 
wildlife did not reveal endocrine effects. Any endocrine related 
effects would have been detected in this definitive array of required 
tests. The probability of any such effect due to agricultural uses of 
indoxacarb is negligible.

[[Page 37856]]

C. Aggregate Exposure

    1. Dietary exposure--i.Food. The chronic, and acute dietary 
exposure resulting from the currently approved use of indoxacarb on 
apples, crop group 5 brassica vegetables, cotton, pears, peppers, sweet 
corn, tomatoes, eggplant, alfalfa, head and leaf lettuce, peanuts, 
potatoes, soybeans, cranberries current section 18 use and the proposed 
uses on grapes, leafy brassica, leafy greens crop subgroup 4A except 
spinach, spinach, leaf petioles crop subgroup 4B, tuberous and corm 
vegetables crop subgroup 1C, pome fruits crop group 11 except pear, 
okra, pea southern and mint are well within acceptable limits for all 
sectors of the population.
    Chronic dietary exposure. The Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model 
(DEEM), Exponent, Inc., formerly Novigen Sciences, Inc., Version 7.87, 
was used to conduct the chronic dietary exposure assessment for the 
U.S. general population with the RfD of 0.02 mg/kg/day based on a NOAEL 
of 2.0 mg/kg/day from the subchronic rat feeding study, the subchronic 
rat neurotoxicity study, and the chronic/carcinogenicity study and 
using an uncertainty factor of 100.
    The analysis used overall mean field trial values, processing 
factors and projected peak percent crop treated values. Secondary 
residues in milk, meat and poultry products were also included in the 
analysis. The chronic dietary exposure to indoxacarb for the U.S. 
population is 0.000185 mg/kg/day. The exposure of the most highly 
exposed subgroup in the population, children age 1-2 years, is 0.000347 
mg/kg/day. The exposure for all infants and females 20+ not pregnant 
and nursing is 0.000126 mg/kg/day and 0.000179 mg/kg/day respectively. 
The results of this analysis indicate large margins of safety for each 
population subgroup, and very low probability of effects resulting from 
chronic exposure to indoxacarb.
    Acute dietary exposure. DEEM, Exponent, Inc., formerly Novigen 
Sciences, Inc., Version 7.87, was used to conduct the acute dietary 
exposure assessment for the U.S. general population with the RfD of 
0.12 mg/kg/day based on the NOAEL of 12.5 mg/kg in the acute 
neurotoxicity study and an uncertainty factor of 100. The acute RfD for 
females 13-50 years of age is 0.02 mg/kg/day, based on the NOAEL of 2 
mg/kg/day observed in the developmental rat toxicity study and using an 
uncertainty factor of 100.
    The Tier 3, analysis used distributions of field trial residue data 
adjusted for projected peak percent crop treated. Secondary residues in 
milk, meat and poultry products were also included in the analysis. The 
acute dietary exposure to indoxacarb for the U.S. population is 
0.020267 mg/kg/day. The exposure of the most highly exposed subgroup in 
the population, children age 3-5 years, is 0.005358 mg/kg/day, and the 
exposure for all infants is 0.018458 mg/kg/day. The results of this 
analysis indicate large margins of safety for each population subgroup, 
and very low probability of effects resulting from acute exposure to 
indoxacarb.
    ii. Drinking water. Indoxacarb, is highly unlikely to contaminate 
groundwater resources due to its immobility in soil, low water 
solubility, high soil sorption, and moderate soil half-life. Based on 
the PRZM/EXAMS and SCI-GROW models the estimated environmental 
concentrations (EECs) of indoxacarb and its R-enantiomer for acute 
exposures are estimated to be 6.84 parts per billion (ppb) for surface 
water and 0.0025 ppb for groundwater. The EECs for chronic exposures 
are estimated to be 0.316 ppb for surface water and 0.0025 ppb for 
groundwater. Drinking water levels of comparison (DWLOCs), theoretical 
upper allowable limits on the pesticides concentration in drinking 
water, were calculated to be much higher than the EECs. The chronic 
DWLOCs ranged from 198 to 697 ppb. The acute DWLOCs ranged from 440 to 
3,890 ppb. Thus, exposure via drinking water is acceptable.
    2. Non-dietary exposure. Indoxacarb, product registrations for 
residential non-food uses have been approved. Non-occupational, non-
dietary exposure for DPX-MP062 has been estimated to be extremely 
small. Therefore, the potential for non-dietary exposure is 
insignificant.

D. Cumulative Effects

    EPA's consideration of a common mechanism of toxicity is not 
necessary at this time because there is no indication that toxic 
effects of indoxacarb would be cumulative with those of any other 
chemical compounds. Oxadiazine chemistry is new, and indoxacarb has a 
novel mode of action compared to currently registered active 
ingredients.

E. Safety Determination

     1. U.S. population. Dietary and occupational exposure will be the 
major routes of exposure to the U.S. population. The chronic dietary 
exposure to indoxacarb utilized 1% of the RfD for the U.S. general 
population. The acute dietary exposure to indoxacarb will utilize 17% 
of the aPAD acute population adjusted dose for the overall U.S. general 
population.
    Using only Pesticide Handler Exposure Database levels A and B those 
with a high level of confidence, margin of exposures (MOEs) for 
occupational exposure are 650 for mixer/loaders, and 1,351 for airblast 
applicators worst-case. Based on the completeness and reliability of 
the toxicity data and the conservative exposure assessments, there is a 
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from the chronic and 
acute aggregate exposure of residues of indoxacarb, including all 
anticipated dietary exposure and all othernon-occupational exposures 
for the U.S. general population.
     2. Infants and children. The chronic dietary exposure to 
indoxacarb for the most highly exposed population subgroup, children 
ages 1-2 and 3-5, utilized 2% of the RfD. For all infants, the chronic 
exposure accounts for 1% of the RfD. For acute exposure at the 99.9th 
percentile, children ages 3-5 utilized 30% aPAD, and all infants 
utilized and 15% aPAD.
    Residential uses of indoxacarb/DPX-MP062 have been approved and 
exposure is calculated to be extremely minimal. The estimated levels of 
indoxacarb in drinking water are well below the DWLOC. Based on (a) the 
completeness and reliability of the toxicity data; (b) the lack of 
toxicological endpoints of special concern; (c) the lack of any 
indication that children are more sensitive than adults to indoxacarb; 
and (d) the conservative exposure assessment, there is a reasonable 
certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from the 
aggregate exposure of residues of indoxacarb, including all anticipated 
dietary exposure and all other non-occupational exposures. Accordingly, 
there is no need to apply an additional safety factor for infants and 
children.

F. International Tolerances

    To date, numerous tolerances exist for indoxacarb residues in 
various food and feed crops, and foods of animal origin in at least 25 
countries.

[FR Doc. 05-12950 Filed 6-29-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-S