[Federal Register Volume 67, Number 147 (Wednesday, July 31, 2002)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 49569-49575]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 02-19140]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Highway Administration

23 CFR Part 655

[FHWA Docket No. FHWA-99-6190]
RIN 2125-AE67


Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and 
Highways; Color Specifications for Retroreflective Sign and Pavement 
Marking Materials

AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The FHWA is revising its color specifications for 
retroreflective signing materials. The current color specifications 
used in traffic control were developed in the late 1960's. The 
technological advances in the manufacturing of signing and markings 
materials and the measurement of color have required the FHWA to revise 
and expand the color specifications. This revision includes daytime and 
nighttime specifications for both assigned and unassigned colors found 
in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The FHWA is 
adding daytime and nighttime specifications for

[[Page 49570]]

retroreflective pavement marking materials. The materials are required 
to provide the specified colors under the identified measurement 
protocols throughout service life.

EFFECTIVE DATE: This final rule is effective August 30, 2002.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical information: Mr. Ernest 
Huckaby, Office of Transportation Operations (HOTO), (202) 366-9064. 
For legal information: Mr. Raymond Cuprill, Office of the Chief Counsel 
(HCC-40), (202) 366-1377, Federal Highway Administration, 400 Seventh 
Street, SW., Washington, D.C. 20590-0001. Office hours are from 7:45 
a.m. to 4:15 p.m., e.t., Monday through Friday, except Federal 
holidays.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Electronic Access

    This document, the NPRM, and all comments received may be viewed 
online through the Document Management System (DMS) at: http://dms.dot.gov. The DMS is available 24 hours each day, 365 days each 
year. Electronic submission and retrieval help and guidelines are 
available under the help section of the web site.
    An electronic copy of this document may also be downloaded by using 
a computer, modem and suitable communications software from the 
Government Printing Office's Electronic Bulletin Board Service at (202) 
512-1661. Internet users may also reach the Office of the Federal 
Register's home page at: http://www.nara.gov/fedreg and the Government 
Printing Office's web page at: http://www.access.gpo.gov.
    The current color specifications are on file at the Office of the 
Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., 7th Floor, Suite 700, 
Washington, DC 20408, and are available for inspection and copying at 
the FHWA, Office of Transportation Operations, Room 3408, 400 7th St., 
SW., Washington, DC 20590, as prescribed in 49 CFR part 7.

Background

    This final rule is based on the FHWA's notice of proposed 
rulemaking (NPRM), Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other 
Streets and Highways; Color Specifications for Retroreflective Sign and 
Pavement Marking Materials, published in the Federal Register on 
December 21, 1999, at 64 FR 71354. All comments received in response to 
the NPRM have been considered in adopting this final rule. These 
comments are discussed in the section entitled ``Discussion of 
Comments.''
    The MUTCD is incorporated by reference in 23 CFR 655.601. The color 
specifications are found in the appendix to subpart F of part 655.
    The current specifications for the color of retroreflective sign 
sheeting were determined on the basis of material available nearly 20 
years ago. Since then, new microprismatic material has been 
commercially available and the original CIE \1\ Illuminant C has been 
replaced with CIE Illuminant D65. In addition, an extensive 
international effort is in progress to specify the nighttime appearance 
of retroreflective materials. Lastly, expanding the specifications to 
include fluorescent materials is also necessary at this time since 
these materials are used on several traffic signs. In addition to 
revising the daytime color specifications for retroreflective sign 
sheeting material used primarily for traffic signs, color 
specifications for pavement markings and markers are included in this 
revision.
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    \1\ International Commission on Illumination.
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Discussion of Comments

    Interested persons were invited to participate in the development 
of this final rule by submitting written or electronic comments on the 
NPRM to FHWA Docket No. FHWA-99-6190 on or before June 21, 2000. The 
FHWA received 21 comments to the docket (6 from State and local DOTs; 7 
from industry; 4 from associations; 3 from institutes/universities; and 
1 Federal agency). The FHWA received significant comments that included 
concerns with the availability and cost of the laboratory equipment 
used, concerns with the use of illuminant D65 for evaluating 
the performance of luminescent for fluorescent materials, the use of 
luminescent luminance factor (YF) for fluorescent materials.
    The FHWA believes the amount of information presented in the tables 
published in the NPRM may be overwhelming in content and confusing. The 
FHWA has placed the ``luminance'' values in a separate table (i.e., 1a, 
3a, and 5a). It is important for users to know that these sub-tables 
should be read together in order to define the correct color 
requirement.
    Commenters recommended that FHWA provide the appropriate references 
for types of sheeting material for retroreflective materials. A 
breakdown of sheeting type has been added as Table 1a.
    Another concern identified through several comments was the lack of 
human factors research related to driver recognition of sign colors. 
The discussion of human factors research is beyond the scope of this 
rulemaking and will be addressed in the future. While laboratory 
studies have indicated that human observers require fairly small color 
regions to achieve a high degree of agreement (greater than 90 percent) 
for color naming, there have been no studies with forced choices. That 
is, when presented with a variety of samples spanning colors within a 
given color region, responses will vary. Additional studies are needed 
wherein the observer is forced to choose between specified color names 
to determine if samples taken from near the allowable color region 
boundaries might be mistaken for a neighboring color. Pending such 
studies, however, there are no indications that the existing color 
system should be modified. The color regions in the final rule are not 
significantly different from previously defined color regions and 
should not be changed without substantial indication of inadequacy.
    Several commenters recommended that color specifications for the 
color ``fluorescent red'' be included in the specifications. 
Fluorescent red was not proposed in Tables 3 or 4 of the NPRM and it is 
beyond the scope of this rulemaking. However, this color will be 
addressed in future rulemaking, which will allow the public the 
opportunity to comment on the proposed specification.
    The FHWA adopts, with some changes, the proposed Table 1 to Part 
655, Subpart F, Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective 
Material with CIE 2 Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry 
and CIE Standard Illuminant D65. The American Society for 
Testing and Materials (ASTM) sets industry standards for defining 
daytime sign color. It also established a standard addressing color 
specifications. With few exceptions, Table 1 is the same as this 
standard.
    The color specifications for ``white'' have been adjusted from 
table 1, proposed in the NPRM, which results in a slight enlargement of 
the color region in all directions. This slightly larger color region 
will not result in loss of color differentiation between white and 
other colors as long as differences in the daytime luminance factors 
are maintained.
    The color specifications for ``orange'' have been adjusted from the 
proposed table by adjusting the red border which allows a slightly 
shorter wavelength hue line than that proposed in the NPRM. This 
results in a slightly greater separation between the red and orange 
color regions which will aid in daytime color recognition.
    The ``purple'' color specifications have been modified to reflect 
the colors

[[Page 49571]]

actually in use. Several commenters pointed out that specifying precise 
color regions for unassigned colors may be premature. Accordingly, a 
revised color region, incorporating both the hues from the initial 
proposal in the NPRM and the existing commercial materials, are 
recommended. As use of the materials is further refined, the purple 
color box may be optimized or even separated into two distinct colors.
    The ``coral'' and ``yellow-green'' color specifications have been 
removed from this table. Several commenters mentioned that there are no 
studies that indicate yellow-green or coral are effective signing 
colors. The FHWA has adopted the color ``fluorescent yellow-green'' for 
use with pedestrian, school, and bicycle crossing warning signs and has 
included color specifications in Table 3.
    The color ``fluorescent coral'' is being proposed for use in 
incident management and is being considered under FHWA Docket No. FHWA-
2001-11159, published at 67 FR 35850 on May 21, 2002.
    In response to several docket comments, we have removed the color 
``black'' from the table. Black sheeting used in traffic control 
signage is not a retroreflective product. Commercially available vinyl 
elastomeric films meet all the requirements for a high-contrast legend 
material.
    We have added Table 1a to part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Luminance 
Factors (percent) for Retroreflective Material with CIE 2 Degree 
Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant 
D65, in order to be consistent with the format found in ASTM 
Standard Specification D4956-01\2\ which provides three separate tables 
of daytime luminance factors (Y) for retroreflective materials: One for 
ASTM Types I, II, III and VI sheeting; one for ASTM Types IV, VII, 
VIII, and IX; and the third for ASTM Type V sheeting. The different 
manufacturing techniques for the various ASTM types have resulted in 
varying luminance factors. ASTM Type V is metallized microprismatic 
retroreflecting material used primarily for delineators. This material 
is not the predominant daytime signal, but provides a nighttime signal 
for delineation.
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    \2\ ASTM Standard D4956-01a, Standard Specification for 
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control. Copies of this 
standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at ASTM International, 
100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 
or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).
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    The FHWA has adopted Table 2 to part 655, Subpart F, Nighttime 
Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material With CIE 2 
Degree Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 Degrees, 
Entrance Angle of Plus 5 Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A, with 
very minor changes. The color specifications for the color ``orange'' 
have been reordered and the two missing coordinates for the color 
``red'' have been added. The color ``coral'' has been removed from the 
table for reasons given in the preamble discussion for Table 1. At 
present there are no known instruments available for field measurement 
of nighttime color.
    The FHWA has adopted Table 3 to Part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Color 
Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective Material With CIE 
2 Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard 
Illuminant D65. The contents of Tables 3 and 4 reflect the 
general comments received in response to the docket. The white 
boundaries for fluorescent colors have been shifted closer to the 
chromaticity diagram loci from those positions proposed in the NPRM in 
response to comments that color saturation is as important as luminance 
to achieve high conspicuity for colored materials.
    The FHWA has added Table 3a to Part 655, Subpart F, Daytime 
Luminance Factors (Percent) for Fluorescent Retroreflective Material 
With CIE 2 Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE 
Standard Illuminant D65, which contains the luminance 
factors found in Table 3 proposed in the NPRM for easier recognition. 
Specifying the requirements for high-conspicuity (fluorescent) 
materials by using daytime luminance factors under CIE Standard 
Illuminants D65 and D150 (analogous to noontime 
and twilight) have been extensively discussed with the ASTM. There is 
disagreement over the use of the fluorescent luminance factor 
(YF) as a material requirement since YF cannot be 
measured in the field at this time. As an interim step, the FHWA is 
defining high-conspicuity materials using a value for the daytime 
luminance factor that roughly equals 70 percent of the MacAdam Limit 
\3\ for a color near the centroid of the color region. The fluorescent 
luminance factor (YF) for high-conspicuity materials is 
provided as a provision for quality control by manufacturers, and is 
not recommended as a measurement of materials performance for 
acceptance or while in service.
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    \3\ The MacAdam Limit is the theoretical maximum luminance 
factor achievable for a reflective color under a given illuminant. 
Values range from 100 percent, for ideal white, to 0 percent for 
ideal black.
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    Table 4 to part 655, Subpart F, Nighttime Color Specification 
Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective Material With CIE 2 Degree 
Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 Degree, Entrance Angle 
of Plus 5 Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A, is adopted with only a 
slight re-ordering of the x,y coordinates for consistency. At present 
there are no known instruments available for field measurement of 
nighttime color.
    Table 5 to part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Color Specification Limits 
for Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material With CIE 2 Degree 
Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant 
D65, is adopted with only a slight re-ordering of the x,y 
coordinates for consistency.
    Table 5a part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Luminance Factors (Percent) 
for Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material With CIE 2Degree Standard 
Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant 
D65, is added and, for easier recognition, contains the 
luminance factors found in the Table 5 proposed in the NPRM. The 
luminance factor (Y) for white and yellow pavement marking materials 
proposed in the NPRM were significantly higher than values typically 
measured on the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program test 
decks after a fairly short period of time. The FHWA deleted the column 
heading ``Without Glass Beads'' as the materials should be measured in 
the manner they are intended to be used, which includes the glass 
beads.
    Table 6 to part 655, subpart F, Nighttime Color Specification 
Limits for Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material with CIE 2 Degree 
Standard Observer, Observation Angle of 1.05 Degrees, Entrance Angle of 
Plus 88.76 Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A, is adopted in the 
final rule with a modification to what was proposed in the NPRM to the 
yellow pavement marking materials. The proposed specifications did not 
provide sufficient separation between yellow and white, leading to the 
potential loss of color recognition at night. This specification 
corrects that problem.

Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and U.S. DOT 
Regulatory Policies and Procedures

    The FHWA has determined that this action is not a significant 
regulatory action within the meaning of Executive Order 12866 or 
significant within the meaning of the U.S. Department of Transportation 
regulatory policies and

[[Page 49572]]

procedures. The economic impact of this rulemaking will be minimal. 
Although the new specifications have been revised to incorporate the 
latest research, the basic criteria remain essentially the same. These 
changes will not adversely affect, in a material way, any sector of the 
economy. In addition, these changes will not interfere with any action 
taken or planned by another agency and will not materially alter the 
budgetary impact of any entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan 
programs. Consequently, a full regulatory evaluation is not required.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    In compliance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601-
612), the FHWA has evaluated the effects of this action on small 
entities and has determined that this action will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
As stated above, although the FHWA has amended this final rule to 
incorporate the latest research, the basic criteria remain essentially 
the same. For these reasons, the FHWA certifies that this action will 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    This rule will not impose unfunded mandates as defined by the 
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4, March 22, 1995, 
109 Stat. 48). This rule will not result in the expenditure by State, 
local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private 
sector, of $100 million or more in any one year (2 U.S.C. 1531 et seq).

Executive Order 12630 (Taking of Private Property)

    This rule will not effect a taking of private property or otherwise 
have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental 
Actions and Interface with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights.

Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)

    This action meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) 
of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation, 
eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden.

Executive Order 13045 (Protection of Children)

    We have analyzed this action under Executive Order 13045, 
Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety 
Risks. This rule is not an economically significant rule and does not 
concern an environmental risk to health or safety that may 
disproportionately affect children.

Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)

    This action has been analyzed in accordance with the principles and 
criteria contained in Executive Order 13132, dated August 4, 1999, and 
the FHWA has determined that this action does not have sufficient 
federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism 
assessment. The FHWA has also determined that this action will not 
preempt any State law or State regulation or affect the States' ability 
to discharge traditional State governmental functions.

Executive Order 12372 (Intergovernmental Review)

    Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Program Number 20.205, 
Highway Planning and Construction. The regulations implementing 
Executive Order 12372 regarding intergovernmental consultation on 
Federal programs and activities apply to this program.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501, et 
seq.), Federal agencies must obtain approval from the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) for each collection of information they 
conduct, sponsor, or require through regulations. The FHWA has 
determined that this action does not contain collection of information 
requirements for the purposes of the PRA.

National Environmental Policy Act

    The FHWA has analyzed this action for the purpose of the National 
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and has 
determined that this action will not have any effect on the quality of 
the environment.

Executive Order 13175 (Tribal Consultation)

    The FHWA has analyzed this action under Executive Order 13175, 
dated November 6, 2000, and believes that it will not have substantial 
direct effects on one or more Indian tribes; will not impose 
substantial direct compliance costs on Indian tribal governments; and 
will not preempt tribal law. Therefore, a tribal summary impact 
statement is not required.

Executive Order 13211 (Energy Effects)

    We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13211, Actions 
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 
Distribution, or Use. We have determined that it is not a significant 
energy action under that order because it is not a significant 
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to have 
a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of 
energy. Therefore, a Statement of Energy Effects under Executive Order 
13211 is not required.

Regulation Identification Number

    A regulation identification number (RIN) is assigned to each 
regulatory action listed in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations. 
The Regulatory Information Service Center publishes the Unified Agenda 
in April and October of each year. The RIN contained in the heading of 
this document can be used to cross reference this action with the 
Unified Agenda.

List of Subjects in 23 CFR Part 655

    Design standards, Grant programs--transportation, Highways and 
roads, Incorporation by reference, Signs, Traffic regulations.

    Issued on: July 23, 2002.
Mary E. Peters,
Federal Highway Administrator.

    In consideration of the foregoing, the FHWA is amending title 23, 
Code of Federal Regulations, part 655, as set forth below:

PART 655--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 655 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 23 U.S.C. 101(a), 104, 109(d), 114(a), 217, 315, and 
402(a); 23 CFR 1.32; and 49 CFR 1.48(b).


    2. Revise the appendix to subpart F to read as follows:

Appendix to Subpart F of Part 655--Alternate Method of Determining the 
Color of Retroreflective Sign Materials and Pavement Marking Materials

    1. Although the FHWA Color Tolerance Charts depreciate the use 
of spectrophotometers or accurate tristimulus colorimeters for 
measuring the daytime color of retroreflective materials, recent 
testing has determined that 0/45 or 45/0 spectroradiometers and 
tristimulus colorimeters have proved that the measurements can be 
considered reliable and may be used.
    2. The daytime color of non-fluorescent retroreflective 
materials may be measured in accordance with ASTM Test Method E1349, 
``Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by 
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional Geometry'' or ASTM Test Method 
E 1347 (Replaces E97), ``Standard Test Method for Color and Color-
Difference Measurement by Tristimulus (Filter)

[[Page 49573]]

Colorimetry.'' The latter test method specified bidirectional 
geometry for the measurement of retroreflective materials. The 
geometric conditions to be used in both test methods are 0/45 or 45/
0 circumferential illumination or viewing. Uniplanar geometry is not 
recommended for material types IV or higher (designated 
microprismatic). The CIE standard illuminant used in computing the 
colorimetric coordinates shall be D65 and the 2 Degree 
Standard CIE observer shall be used.
    3. For fluorescent retroreflective materials ASTM E991 may be 
used to determine the chromaticity provided that the D65 
illumination meets the requirements of E 991. This practice, 
however, allows only the total luminous factor to be measured. The 
fluorescent luminous factor must be determined using bispectral 
fluorescent colorimetry. Commercial instruments are available which 
allow such determination. Some testing laboratories are also 
equipped to perform these measurements.
    4. For nighttime measurements CIE Standard Illuminant A shall be 
used in computing the colorimetric coordinates and the 2 Degree 
Standard CIE Observer shall be used.
    5. Average performance sheeting is identified as Types I and II 
sheeting and high performance sheeting is identified as Type III. 
Super-high intensity sheeting is identified as Types V, VI, and VII 
in ASTM D 4956.
    6. The following nine tables depict the 1931 CIE Chromaticity 
Diagram x and y coordinates for the corner points defining the 
recommended color boxes in the diagram and the daytime luminance 
factors for those colors. Traffic control materials shall maintain 
the colors and luminance factors provided in the appropriate tables 
throughout service. Lines drawn between these corner points specify 
the limits of the chromaticity allowed in the 1931 Chromaticity 
Diagram. Color coordinates of samples that lie within these lines 
are acceptable. For blue and green colors the spectrum locus is the 
defining limit between the corner points located on the spectrum 
locus:

Table 1 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material With
             CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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                                                            Chromaticity Coordinates
                              ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Color                       1                    2                     3                   4
                              ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   x         y          x           y         y         x         x         y
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White........................     0.303     0.300        0.368     0.366     0.340     0.393     0.274     0.329
Red..........................     0.648     0.351        0.735     0.265     0.629     0.281     0.565     0.346
Orange.......................     0.558     0.352        0.636     0.364     0.570     0.429     0.506     0.404
Brown........................     0.430     0.340        0.430     0.390     0.518     0.434     0.570     0.382
Yellow.......................     0.498     0.412        0.557     0.442     0.479     0.520     0.438     0.472
Green........................     0.026     0.399        0.166     0.364     0.286     0.446     0.207     0.771
Blue.........................     0.078     0.171        0.150     0.220     0.210     0.160     0.137     0.038
Light Blue...................     0.180     0.260        0.240     0.300     0.270     0.260     0.230     0.200
Purple.......................     0.300     0.064        0.320     0.200     0.550     0.300     0.600     0.202
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Table 1a to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for Retroreflective Material With CIE
               2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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                                                  Daytime Luminance Factor (Y %) by ASTM Type
                             -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Color               Types I, II, III and VI     Types IV, VII, and VIII             Type V
                             -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Minimum       Maximum       Minimum       Maximum       Minimum       Maximum
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White.......................          27    ............          40    ............          15    ............
Red.........................           2.5          12             3.0          15             2.5          11
Orange......................          14            30            12            30             7.0          25
Brown.......................           4.0           9.0           1.0           6.0           1.0           9.0
Yellow......................          15            45            24            45            12            30
Green.......................           3.0           9.0           3.0          12             2.5          11
Blue........................           1.0          10             1.0          10             1.0          10
Light Blue..................          12            40            18            40             8.0          25
Purple......................           2.0          10             2.0          10             2.0          10
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  Table 2 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nighttime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material
With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 deg., Entrance Angle of +5 deg. and CIE Standard
                                                  Illuminant A.
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                                                              Chromaticity Coordinates
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Color                        1                   2                  3                   4
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       x         y         x         y         x        y         x         y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White.............................   0.475      0.452     0.360     0.415     0.392   0.370      0.515     0.409
Red...............................   0.650      0.348     0.620     0.348     0.712   0.2550     0.735     0.265
Orange............................   0.595      0.405     0.565     0.405     0.613   0.355      0.643     0.355
Brown.............................   0.595      0.405     0.540     0.405     0.570   0.365      0.643     0.355
Yellow............................   0.513      0.487     0.500    0.4700     0.545   0.425      0.572     0.425
Green.............................   0.007      0.570     0.200     0.500     0.322   0.590      0.193     0.782
Blue..............................   0.33       0.370     0.180     0.370     0.230   0.240      0.091     0.133
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light Blue........................               Chromaticity coordinates are yet to be determined.
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 49574]]

 
Purple............................               Chromaticity coordinates are yet to be determined.
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Note: Materials used as High-Conspicuity, Retroreflective Traffic Signage Materials shall meet the requirements
  for Daytime Color Specification Limits, Daytime Luminance Factors and Nighttime Color Specification Limits for
  Fluorescent Retroreflective Material, as described in Tables 3, 3a, and 4, throughout the service life of the
  sign.


 Table 3 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective
      Material with CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Chromaticity Coordinates
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Color                        1                   2                   3                   4
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      x         y         x         y         x         y         x         y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorescent Orange..............     0.583     0.416     0.535     0.400     0.595     0.351     0.645     0.355
Fluorescent Yellow..............     0.479     0.520     0.446     0.483     0.512     0.421     0.557     0.442
Fluorescent Yellow-Green........     0.387     0.610     0.369      .546      .428      .496     0.460     0.540
Fluorescent Green...............     0.210     0.770     0.232     0.656     0.320     0.590     0.320     0.675
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


   Table 3a to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for Fluorescent Retroreflective
      Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Luminance Factor Limits (Y)
                                     Color                                      --------------------------------
                                                                                    Min        Max        YF*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorescent Orange.............................................................         25       None         15
Fluorescent Yellow.............................................................         45       None         20
Fluorescent Yellow-Green.......................................................         60       None         20
Fluorescent Green..............................................................         20         30        12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Fluorescence luminance factors (YF) are typical values, and are provided for quality assurance purposes only.
  YF shall not be used as a measure of performance during service.


Table 4 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nighttime Color Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective
Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 deg., Entrance Angle of +5 deg. and CIE
                                             Standard Illuminant A.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Chromaticity Coordinates
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Color                        1                   2                   3                   4
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      x         y         x         y         x         y         x         y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorescent Orange..............     0.625     0.375     0.589     0.376     0.636     0.330     0.669     0.331
Fluorescent Yellow..............     0.554     0.445     0.526     0.437     0.569     0.394     0.610     0.390
Fluorescent Yellow-Green........     0.480     0.520     0.473     0.490     0.523     0.440     0.550     0.449
Fluorescent Green...............     0.007     0.570     0.200     0.500     0.322     0.590     0.193     0.782
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


   Table 5 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Pavement
  Marking Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Chromaticity Coordinates
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Color                        1                   2                   3                   4
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      x         y         x         y         x         y         x         y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White...........................     0.355     0.355     0.305     0.305     0.285     0.325     0.335     0.375
Yellow..........................     0.560     0.440     0.490     0.510     0.420     0.440     0.460     0.400

[[Page 49575]]

 
Red.............................     0.480     0.300     0.690     0.315     0.620     0.380     0.480     0.360
Blue............................     0.105     0.100     0.220     0.180     0.200     0.260     0.060     0.220
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


   Table 5a to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for
   Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard
   Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Luminance Factor (Y%)
                    Color                    ---------------------------
                                                 Minimum       Maximum
------------------------------------------------------------------------
White.......................................            35
Yellow......................................            25
Red.........................................             6            15
Blue........................................             5            14
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table 6 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nightime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Pavement
  Marking Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer, Observation Angle of 1.05 deg., Entrance Angle of +88.76
                                       deg. and CIE Standard Illuminant A.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Chromaticity Coordinates
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Color                        1                   2                   3                   4
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      x         y         x         y         x         y         x         y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White...........................     0.480     0.410     0.430     0.380     0.405     0.405     0.455     0.435
Yellow..........................     0.575     0.425     0.508     0.415     0.473     0.453     0.510    0.490
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Luminance factors for retroreflective pavement marking materials are for materials as they are intended to
  be used. For paint products, that means inclusion of glass beads and/or other retroreflective components.

[FR Doc. 02-19140 Filed 7-30-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-22-P