[Federal Register Volume 67, Number 133 (Thursday, July 11, 2002)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 46028-46088]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 02-16030]



[[Page 46027]]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Part II





Environmental Protection Agency





-----------------------------------------------------------------------



40 CFR Part 63



National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Printing, 
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 67 , No. 133 / Thursday, July 11, 2002 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 46028]]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 63

[FRL-7237-1]
RIN 2060-AG98


National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: 
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This action proposes national emission standards for hazardous 
air pollutants (NESHAP) for fabric and other textile coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations, pursuant to section 112(d) 
of the Clean Air Act (CAA). This action also revises the title of the 
source category. The Printing, Coating and Dyeing of Fabrics source 
category was included in the initial list of categories of hazardous 
air pollutants (HAP), published in the Federal Register on July 16, 
1992. This action changes the title of the source category to Printing, 
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles, to clarify the 
applicability of the proposed NESHAP to HAP-emitting operations 
performed on textile substrates including, but not limited to, fabric.
    The EPA has estimated that there are approximately 135 major source 
facilities in the Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other 
Textiles source category. The principal HAP emitted by these affected 
sources include toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methanol, xylenes, 
methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), methylene chloride, n-hexane, 
trichloroethylene, and n,n-dimethyl formamide. Secondary HAP emitted 
include 1,1,1-trichloroethane, naphthalene, ethyl benzene, glycol 
ethers (ethylene glycol), biphenyl, and styrene.
    Exposure to these substances has been demonstrated to cause adverse 
health effects such as irritation of the eye, lung, and mucous 
membranes, effects on the central nervous system, and damage to the 
liver. The EPA has classified two of the HAP as probable or possible 
human carcinogens. In general, these adverse health effect findings 
have only been shown with concentrations higher than those typically in 
the ambient air. The proposed standards would reduce nationwide HAP 
emissions from major sources by approximately 60 percent. The reduction 
in HAP emissions would be achieved by requiring all fabric and other 
textiles coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations 
at major sources to meet the HAP emission standards reflecting the 
application of the maximum achievable control technology (MACT). 
Emission reductions achieved by these standards, when combined with the 
emission reductions achieved by other similar standards, would protect 
and enhance the quality of the Nation's air resources so as to promote 
the public health and welfare, protect the environment, and achieve a 
primary goal of the CAA.

DATES: Comments. Submit comments on or before September 9, 2002.
    Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a 
public hearing, they should do so by July 31, 2002. If requested, a 
public hearing will be held within approximately 30 days following 
publication of this document in the Federal Register.

ADDRESSES: Comments. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments (in 
duplicate if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information 
Center (6102), Attention Docket Number A-97-51, U.S. EPA, 1200 
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460. In person or by 
courier, deliver comments (in duplicate if possible) to: Air and 
Radiation Docket and Information Center (6102), Attention Docket Number 
A-97-51, U.S. EPA, 501 M Street, SW., Room M-1500, Washington, DC 
20460. The EPA requests a separate copy also be sent to the contact 
person listed in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
    Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the 
new EPA facility complex in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. You 
should contact Ms. Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group 
(C539-03), Emission Standards Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle 
Park, NC 27711, telephone number (919) 541-7946, to request to speak at 
a public hearing or to find out if a hearing will be held.
    Docket. Docket No. A-97-51 contains supporting information used in 
developing the proposed standards. The docket is located at the U.S. 
EPA, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460 in Room M-1500, Waterside 
Mall (ground floor), and may be inspected from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Vinson Hellwig, Coatings and 
Consumer Products Group (C539-03), Emission Standards Division, U.S. 
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number (919) 541-2317; 
facsimile number (919) 541-5689; electronic mail (e-mail) address: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Comments. Comments and data may be submitted 
by e-mail to: [email protected]. Electronic comments must be 
submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special characters and 
encryption problems and will also be accepted on disks in 
WordPerfect file format. All comments and data submitted in 
electronic form must note the docket number: A-97-51. No confidential 
business information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic 
comments may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
    Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for 
consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other 
comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such 
proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to 
the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not 
inadvertently placed in the docket: Mr. Vinson Hellwig, c/o OAQPS 
Document Control Officer (C404-02), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, 
NC 27711. The EPA will disclose information identified as CBI only to 
the extent allowed by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. If no 
claim of confidentiality accompanies a submission when it is received 
by EPA, the information may be made available to the public without 
further notice to the commenter.
    Public Hearing. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or 
inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Ms. 
Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group (C539-03), Emission 
Standards Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; 
telephone number (919) 541-7946 at least 2 days in advance of the 
public hearing. Persons interested in attending the public hearing 
should also contact Ms. Eck to verify the time, date, and location of 
the hearing. The public hearing will provide interested parties the 
opportunity to present data, views, or arguments concerning these 
proposed emission standards.
    Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the 
information considered by EPA in the development of this rulemaking. 
The docket is a dynamic file because material is added throughout the 
rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to allow members 
of the public and industries involved to readily identify and locate 
documents so that they can effectively participate in the rulemaking 
process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards and their 
preambles, the contents of the docket

[[Page 46029]]

will serve as the record in the case of judicial review. (See section 
307(d)(7)(A) of the CAA.) The regulatory text and other materials 
related to this rulemaking are available for review in the docket or 
copies may be mailed on request from the Air and Radiation Docket and 
Information Center by calling (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be 
charged for copying docket materials.
    WorldWide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket, 
an electronic copy of the proposed rule will also be available on the 
WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature 
by the EPA Administrator, a copy of the proposed rule will be posted on 
the TTN's policy and guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated 
rules at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg. The TTN provides information and 
technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If more 
information regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at 
(919) 541-5384.
    Regulated Entities. The proposed source category definition 
includes sources that engage in the coating, printing, slashing, 
dyeing, or finishing of any fabric or other textile. In general, 
sources that engage in fabric and other textiles coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing, or finishing operations are covered under the North 
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes listed in the 
following table. However, sources classified under other NAICS codes 
may be subject to the proposed standards if they meet the applicability 
criteria. Not all sources classified under the NAICS codes in the 
following table will be subject to the proposed standards because some 
of the classifications cover products outside the scope of the NESHAP 
for printing, coating and dyeing of fabrics and other textiles.

                Table 1.--Categories and Entities Potentially Regulated by the Proposed Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     NAICS Code                                        NAICS product description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31321...............................................  Broadwoven Fabric Mills
31322...............................................  Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery
313241..............................................  Weft Knit Fabric Mills
313311..............................................  Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills
313312..............................................  Textile and Fabric Finishing (except Broadwoven Fabric)
                                                       Mills
313320..............................................  Fabric Coating Mills
314110..............................................  Carpet and Rug Mills
326220..............................................  Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting and Manufacturing
339991..............................................  Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this 
action. To determine whether your operation is regulated by this 
action, you should examine the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.4281 
of the proposed rule. If you have any questions regarding the 
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person 
listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
    Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as 
follows:

I. Background
    A. What is the source of authority for development of NESHAP?
    B. What criteria are used in the development of NESHAP?
    C. What are the health effects associated with HAP emissions 
from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations?
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
    A. What source categories and subcategories are affected by the 
proposed rule?
    B. What is the relationship to other rules?
    C. What are the primary sources of emissions and what are the 
emissions?
    D. What is the affected source?
    E. What are the emission limits, operating limits, and other 
standards?
    F. What are the testing and initial compliance requirements?
    G. What are the continuous compliance provisions?
    H. What are the notification, recordkeeping, and reporting 
requirements?
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
    A. How did we select the source category and subcategories?
    B. How did we select the regulated pollutants?
    C. How did we select the affected source?
    D. How did we determine the basis and level of the proposed 
standards for existing and new or reconstructed sources?
    E. How did we select the format of the proposed standards?
    F. How did we select the testing and initial compliance 
requirements?
    G. How did we select the continuous compliance requirements?
    H. How did we select the notification, recordkeeping, and 
reporting requirements?
    I. How did we select the compliance date?
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
    A. What are the air impacts?
    B. What are the cost impacts?
    C. What are the economic impacts?
    D. What are the non-air health, environmental, and energy 
impacts?
V. Administrative Requirements
    A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
    B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
    C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with 
Indian Tribal Governments
    D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
    G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 
U.S.C. 601, et seq.
    H. Paperwork Reduction Act
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

I. Background

A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?

    Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and 
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish 
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The 
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics source category was listed on 
July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576) under the Surface Coating Processes 
industry group. As has been noted previously in this preamble, today's 
action changes the title of the source category to Printing, Coating, 
and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles.
    Major sources of HAP are those that have the potential to emit 
greater than 10 tons per year (tpy) of any one HAP or 25 tpy of any 
combination of HAP.

[[Page 46030]]

B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?

    Section 112 of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for the 
control of HAP from both new and existing major sources. The CAA 
requires the NESHAP to reflect the maximum degree of reduction in 
emissions of HAP that is achievable. This level of control is commonly 
referred to as the MACT.
    The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and 
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT 
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all 
major sources achieve the level of control already achieved by the 
better-controlled and lower-emitting sources in each source category or 
subcategory. For new sources, the MACT standards cannot be less 
stringent than the emission control that is achieved in practice by the 
best-controlled similar source. The MACT standards for existing sources 
can be less stringent than standards for new sources, but they cannot 
be less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the 
best-performing 12 percent of existing sources in the category or 
subcategory (or the best-performing five sources for categories or 
subcategories with fewer than 30 sources).
    In developing MACT, we also consider control options that are more 
stringent than the floor. We may establish standards more stringent 
than the floor based on the consideration of the cost of achieving the 
emissions reductions, any non-air health and environmental impacts, and 
energy requirements.

C. What Are the Health Effects Associated With HAP Emissions From 
Coating, Printing, Slashing, Dyeing, and Finishing Operations?

    The HAP emitted from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and 
finishing operations include toluene, MEK, methanol, xylenes, MIBK, 
methylene chloride, n-hexane, trichloroethylene, and n,n-
dimethylformamide. These compounds account for about 81 percent of the 
nationwide HAP emissions from this source category. The HAP that would 
be controlled with the proposed rule are associated with a variety of 
adverse health effects. These adverse health effects include chronic 
health disorders (e.g., irritation of the eyes, lungs, and mucous 
membranes, effects on the central nervous system, and damage to the 
heart and liver) and acute health disorders (e.g., respiratory 
irritation and central nervous system effects such as drowsiness, 
headache, and nausea). The EPA has classified two of the HAP (methylene 
chloride and naphthalene) as probable or possible human carcinogens.
    We do not have the type of current detailed data on each of the 
facilities covered by the emission standards for this source category, 
and the people living around the affected facilities, that would be 
necessary to conduct an analysis to determine the actual population 
exposures to the HAP emitted from these affected facilities and 
potential for resultant health effects. Therefore, we do not know the 
extent to which the adverse health effects described above occur in the 
populations surrounding these affected facilities. However, to the 
extent the adverse effects do occur, the proposed rule would reduce 
emissions and subsequent exposures.

II. Summary of the Proposed Rule

A. What Source Categories and Subcategories Are Affected by the 
Proposed Rrule?

    The proposed rule would apply to you if you own or operate a fabric 
or other textile coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing 
operation or group of such operations that is a major source, or is 
located at a major source, or is part of a major source of HAP 
emissions, whether or not you manufacture the substrate. The coating, 
printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing operations themselves are not 
required to be major sources of HAP emissions in order for them to be 
covered by the proposed rule. As long as some part of the facility 
where the operations are located (e.g., a process boiler or 
manufacturing operations associated with production of the final 
product) causes it to be a major source, the coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations would be subject to the 
standards.
    Any major HAP-emitting facility that performs coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing, or finishing of fabric or other textiles is in this 
source category. As defined in the proposed rule, fabric or other 
textiles includes, but is not limited to, yarn, fiber, cord, thread, 
fabric and textile products, tents, roofing, soft baggage, marine 
fabric, drapery linings, flexible hoses, hot-air balloons, and awnings. 
The source category includes three subcategories (coating and printing, 
slashing, and dyeing and finishing) as described in the following 
paragraphs.
    The coating and printing subcategory encompasses coating activities 
and equipment used to apply semi-liquid coating material to one or both 
sides of a textile web substrate. Once the coating is dried (and cured, 
if necessary) it bonds with the substrate to form a continuous solid 
film for decorative, protective, or functional purposes. Similarly, the 
coating and printing subcategory includes printing activities and 
equipment used to apply color and patterns to textile substrates, 
usually in the form of a paste. After application of the printing 
material, the substrate is treated with steam, heat, or chemicals to 
fix the color. If you coat fabric or other textiles and any other 
substrate on a coating line, then that line would be subject to the 
proposed rule unless it is specifically exempted in another NESHAP. We 
currently plan to provide such an exemption in the tire cord production 
NESHAP for tire cord coating lines that occasionally coat fabric. 
Another exemption is planned for the paper and other web coating NESHAP 
for lines that coat medical tape or duct tape.
    The slashing subcategory includes the yarn preparation process 
performed on warp yarn prior to weaving. Slashing is the application of 
a chemical solution (known as sizing) to a yarn in a water solution 
followed by squeezing and drying.
    The dyeing and finishing subcategory includes the equipment and 
operations involved in two separate but related processes that are both 
performed at some sources, while only one or the other is performed at 
other sources. Dyes and finishes are applied to yarn, fiber, cord, 
thread, or fabric in aqueous solutions and then dried. Dyeing is the 
application of color to the whole body of a textile substrate. 
Finishing is a process performed after dyeing that improves the 
appearance and/or usefulness of a textile substrate.
    You would not be subject to the proposed rule if your coating, 
printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing operation is located at an 
area source. An area source of HAP is any facility that has the 
potential to emit HAP but is not a major source. You may establish area 
source status by limiting the source's potential to emit HAP through 
appropriate mechanisms available through your permitting authority.
    Exclusions from the source category include coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing or finishing at sources using only coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials that 
contain no organic HAP; coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or 
finishing that occurs at research or laboratory facilities or that is 
part of janitorial, building, and facility maintenance operations; and 
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing

[[Page 46031]]

used by an affected source and not for commerce, unless organic HAP 
emissions from the facility that performs coating, printing, slashing, 
dyeing, or finishing operations are as high as the specified major 
source HAP emissions.

B. What Is the Relationship to Other Rules?

    Affected sources subject to the proposed rule may also be subject 
to other rules. We specifically request comments on how monitoring, 
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements can be consolidated for 
sources that are subject to more than one rule.
    New Source Performance Standards--40 CFR part 60, subpart VVV. The 
new source performance standards (NSPS) for polymeric coating of 
supporting substrates apply to affected facilities that apply 
elastomers, polymers, or prepolymers to a supporting web other than 
paper, plastic film, metallic foil, or metal coil and that began 
construction, reconstruction, or modification after April 30, 1987. The 
pollutants regulated are volatile organic compounds (VOC). The affected 
facility is each coating operation and any onsite coating mix 
preparation equipment used to prepare coatings for the polymeric 
coating of the affected substrate. Emissions of VOC from the coating 
operation must be reduced by at least 90 percent or a total enclosure 
must be installed around the coating operation vented to an add-on 
control device that is at least 95 percent efficient. Depending on 
criteria in the NSPS, VOC emissions from onsite coating mix preparation 
equipment must be vented to a 95 percent efficient add-on control 
device or each piece of mix preparation equipment must be covered.
    The proposed requirements for coating operations differ from the 
NSPS in three ways. First, the ``affected source'' for the proposed 
rule is defined broadly as the collection of all of the coating and 
printing operations and associated processes at the facility, whereas 
the ``affected facility'' for the NSPS is defined narrowly as each 
individual coating operation. The proposed NESHAP's broader definition 
of an affected source allows averaging across coating and printing 
lines for compliance purposes. Second, the proposed rule regulates 
organic HAP. While most organic HAP emitted from coating and printing 
operations are VOC, some VOC are not listed as HAP, and, therefore, the 
NSPS regulates a broader range of pollutants than the proposed NESHAP. 
Third, the HAP emission limitations in the proposed rule are in terms 
of an overall control efficiency (OCE) with an alternative weight 
fraction of solids applied emission rate limit based on the amount of 
coating solids used at the affected source. The VOC limitations in the 
NSPS are emission reduction standards; there is not an emission rate 
option based on the amount of coating solids used. Because of the 
differences between the two rules, compliance with either rule cannot 
be deemed compliance with the other. A coating or printing operation 
that meets the applicability requirements of both rules must comply 
with both. Overlapping reporting, recordkeeping, and monitoring 
requirements may be resolved through your title V permit.
    Future national emission standards for the surface coating of paper 
and other web products. The paper and other web coating NESHAP were 
proposed September 13, 2000 (65 FR 55332). If you operate a coating 
line(s) that applies coatings both to paper and other web and to fabric 
and other textile substrates on the same line, then the coating line(s) 
is subject to the proposed printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and 
other textiles NESHAP. The only exceptions are where the paper and 
other web substrate being coated is medical tape or duct tape or where 
fabric is being laminated to a paper or other web substrate, and these 
exceptions will be specified in the paper and other web NESHAP.
    Future national emission standards for tire manufacturing. The EPA 
has identified affected sources in the tire manufacturing source 
category that coat tire cord and that also sometimes apply coatings to 
textile cord used in the production of belts and hoses. If the source 
is subject to the tire manufacturing NESHAP, it is not subject to the 
proposed printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and other textiles 
NESHAP.

C. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the 
Emissions?

    HAP emission sources. Coating and printing material application and 
curing are the largest contributors of HAP emissions at coating and 
printing affected sources. For example, based on the responses to a 
survey of the coating industry, the portion of total affected source 
HAP emissions attributed to coating application and curing is estimated 
to be approximately 95 percent. Other operations and activities that 
may create HAP emissions associated with coating/printing include 
storage tanks, substrate preparation, coating and printing material 
mixing/thinning operations, parts and equipment cleaning, and waste and 
wastewater operations.
    The primary source of HAP emissions from slashing is methanol from 
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) size, typically applied to synthetics (although 
it adheres to and is used for natural fibers as well). The methanol is 
present in the PVA size as a contaminant and is not needed for the 
slashing process. The methanol emissions can arise either from the size 
cooking operation and/or from the application or slashing process--the 
distribution is unclear, although it will depend upon the temperature 
at which the size is cooked, the cooking time, and how often mixing 
containers (cookers) are opened.
    The sources of HAP emissions from dyeing are the HAP constituents 
that are contained in dyestuffs and auxiliary chemicals as purchased. 
The HAP constituents are needed to impart certain desirable 
characteristics to the dyed substrate (e.g., certain colors can only be 
attained through the use of HAP-containing dyestuffs or auxiliaries.) 
No HAP are known to be added by the users. The fraction of HAP 
contained in dye materials that is emitted to the atmosphere is 
generally estimated to range from zero to 10 percent, although a few 
sources report from 19 percent to as much as 100 percent emitted. The 
fraction of HAP in dye materials emitted to the atmosphere depends on 
the characteristics of the specific HAP constituents and the pressures 
and temperatures that the HAP are exposed to in the dyeing process 
operations. Most HAP constituents are believed to be rinsed from the 
substrate before the substrate is dried, because drying a substrate 
with unattached dye would adversely affect the quality of the dyed 
product.
    The sources of HAP emissions from finishing are the HAP 
constituents that are contained in finishing materials as purchased, 
i.e., as delivered to the affected source, before alteration. As is the 
case with dyeing, the HAP constituents are needed to impart certain 
desirable characteristics to the finished substrate (e.g., a resin 
finish containing HAP might be applied to a cotton/polyester blend for 
durable press and dimensional stability). No HAP are known to be added 
by the users. In finishing, unlike in dyeing, the fraction of HAP 
contained in finishes that is emitted to the atmosphere is generally 
assumed to be 100 percent with the exception of HAP that cross-link to 
the fiber, such as formaldehyde. This is because finished textiles are 
generally dried and cured at relatively high temperatures over 300 
degrees Fahrenheit.

[[Page 46032]]

    Organic HAP. Available emission data collected during the 
development of the proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP 
emitted from coating and printing include toluene, MEK, hexane, and 
n,n-dimethylformamide. These compounds account for approximately 92 
percent of this subcategory's nationwide organic HAP emissions. Other 
significant organic HAP identified include MIBK, hexane, and methylene 
chloride.
    Available emission data collected during the development of the 
proposed NESHAP show that the organic HAP emitted from slashing is 
methanol. Methanol accounts for almost 100 percent of this 
subcategory's nationwide organic HAP emissions.
    Based on emission data reported in survey responses collected 
during the development of the proposed NESHAP, methanol, glycol ether, 
and ethylene glycol are the primary HAP emitted from textile dyeing and 
finishing operations. These HAP account for approximately 82 percent of 
this subcategory's nationwide HAP emissions. Other significant organic 
HAP identified include formaldehyde, toluene and styrene.
    Inorganic HAP. Based on information reported in survey responses 
during the development of the proposed NESHAP, inorganic HAP, including 
chromium, cobalt, hydrogen chloride, lead, manganese compounds and 
nickel, are components of some coatings, dyes, and finishes used by 
this source category. Inorganic HAP are not likely to be emitted 
because of the application techniques used.

D. What Is the Affected Source?

    We define an affected source as a stationary source, a group of 
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source to which a specific 
emission standard applies. The proposed standards define the affected 
source for each subcategory as the collection of all equipment 
associated with the coating and printing, the slashing, or the dyeing 
and finishing performed on a textile substrate. For the purpose of 
defining the affected source, the textile substrate includes staple 
fibers and filaments suitable for conversion to or use as yarns, or for 
the preparation of woven, knit, or nonwoven fabrics; yarns made from 
natural or manufactured fibers; fabrics and other manufactured products 
made from staple fibers and filaments and from yarn; and garments and 
other articles fabricated from fibers, yarns, or fabrics. Also for each 
subcategory, the specific regulated materials are defined. Regulated 
materials are the HAP-containing materials that are the source of HAP 
emissions limited by the requirements of the proposed NESHAP.
    The affected source for the coating and printing subcategory 
includes: all web coating and printing equipment used to apply cleaning 
materials to a substrate to prepare it for coating or printing material 
application, to apply coating or printing materials to a substrate and 
to dry or cure the coating or printing materials after application by 
exposure to heat or radiation (coating or printing material drying or 
curing), or to clean coating/printing operation equipment; all storage 
containers and mixing vessels in which regulated materials are stored 
or mixed; all manual and automated equipment and containers used for 
conveying regulated materials; all storage containers and all manual 
and automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste 
materials generated by a coating or printing operation; and all manual 
and automated equipment, structures, and devices used to convey, treat, 
or dispose of wastewater streams or residuals. Coating or printing 
material drying or curing at ambient conditions is not drying or curing 
for the purpose of the proposed standards. The regulated materials for 
the coating and printing subcategory are the coating, printing, 
thinning and cleaning materials used in the affected source.
    The affected source for the slashing subcategory includes: all 
slashing equipment used to apply and dry size on warp yarn; all storage 
containers and mixing vessels in which regulated materials are stored 
or mixed; all manual and automated equipment and containers used for 
conveying regulated materials; all storage containers and all manual 
and automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste 
materials generated by a slashing operation; and all manual and 
automated equipment, structures, and devices used to convey, treat, or 
dispose of wastewater streams or residuals. The regulated materials for 
the slashing subcategory are the slashing materials used in the 
affected source.
    The affected source for the dyeing and finishing subcategory 
includes: all dyeing and finishing equipment used to apply dyeing or 
finishing materials, to fix dyeing materials to the substrate, to rinse 
the textile substrate, to dry or cure the dyeing or finishing 
materials, or to clean dyeing/finishing operation equipment; all 
storage containers and mixing vessels in which regulated materials are 
stored or mixed; all manual and automated equipment and containers used 
for conveying regulated materials; all storage containers and all 
manual and automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste 
materials generated by a dyeing or finishing operation; and all manual 
and automated equipment, structures, and devices used to convey, treat, 
or dispose of wastewater streams or residuals. The regulated materials 
for the dyeing and finishing subcategory are the dyeing, finishing, and 
cleaning materials used in the affected source.

E. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other Standards?

    We are proposing standards that would limit organic HAP emissions 
from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations. The 
proposed standards include emission limits, operating limits, and work 
practice standards. Emission limits are being proposed for the coating 
and printing, slashing, and dyeing and finishing subcategories. 
Operating limits and work practice standards are being proposed for the 
coating and printing subcategory.
    Emission limits. In the coating and printing subcategory, we are 
proposing to limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from each 
new and reconstructed affected source to one of the following three 
specified levels: (1) At least a 98 percent organic HAP OCE (OCE 
limit); (2) no more than 0.08 kilograms (kg) organic HAP/kg of coating 
solids used (0.08 pound (lb) organic HAP/lb of coating solids used) 
during each monthly compliance period (emission rate limit); or (3) if 
you are using an oxidizer to control organic HAP emissions, operate the 
oxidizer such that an outlet organic HAP concentration of no greater 
than 20 parts per million by volume (ppmv) on a dry basis is achieved 
and the efficiency of the capture system is 100 percent (outlet 
concentration limit). The proposed HAP emission limits for each 
existing affected source are: (1) To achieve at least a 97 percent OCE 
limit; (2) an emission rate limit of no more than 0.12 kg organic HAP/
kg of coating solids used (0.12 lb organic HAP/lb of coating solids 
used) in each monthly compliance period; or (3) if you are using an 
oxidizer to control organic HAP emissions, operate the oxidizer to 
achieve the outlet concentration limit of no greater than 20 ppmv on a 
dry basis and the efficiency of the capture system is 100 percent.
    You may choose from several compliance options in the proposed rule 
to achieve the coating and printing emission limits. You could comply 
through a pollution prevention approach by applying regulated materials 
that meet the emission rate

[[Page 46033]]

limits, either individually (compliant material option) or collectively 
(emission rate without add-on controls option), during each monthly 
compliance period. Second, you could use a capture system and add-on 
control device to meet either the applicable organic HAP OCE limit or 
emission rate limit. Third, you could use a 100 percent efficient 
capture system and an oxidizer that reduces organic HAP emissions to no 
more than 20 ppmv.
    In the slashing subcategory, we are proposing to require each new, 
reconstructed and existing affected source to emit no organic HAP. This 
is not an absolute zero HAP limit since the compliance procedures 
specify that to determine organic HAP emissions, you would count only 
organic HAP present in the materials you use at 0.1 percent by mass or 
more for OSHA-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 
1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1 percent or more for other organic HAP 
compounds. To comply with the slashing organic HAP emission limits, you 
must apply only materials that individually meet the standard during 
each monthly compliance period.
    In the dyeing and finishing subcategory, we are proposing to limit 
organic HAP emissions from each new, reconstructed and existing 
affected source that conducts dyeing operations only or both dyeing and 
finishing operations to no more than 0.016 kg organic HAP per kg of 
dyeing material used (0.016 lb organic HAP per lb of dyeing material 
used) for each monthly compliance period. You could comply with the 
dyeing and finishing organic HAP emission rate by applying materials 
that meet the emission rate, either individually or collectively, 
during each monthly compliance period. Each new, reconstructed and 
existing affected source that conducts only finishing operations is 
required to emit no organic HAP. This is not an absolute zero HAP limit 
since the compliance procedures specify that to determine organic HAP 
emissions, you would count only organic HAP that are present in the 
materials you use at 0.1 percent by mass or more for Occupational 
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as 
specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1 percent or more for other 
organic HAP compounds.
    Operating limits. If you reduce emissions from coating or printing 
operations by using a capture system and add-on control device (other 
than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid 
material balance), the proposed operating limits would apply to you. 
These limits are site-specific parameter limits that you determine 
during the initial performance test of the system. For capture systems 
that are not permanent total enclosures (PTE), you would establish 
average volumetric flow rates or duct static pressure limits for each 
capture device (or enclosure) in each capture system. For capture 
systems that are PTE, you would establish limits on average facial 
velocity or pressure drop across openings in the enclosure.
    For thermal oxidizers, you would monitor the combustion 
temperature. For catalytic oxidizers, you would either monitor the 
temperature immediately before and after the catalyst bed, or you would 
monitor the temperature before the catalyst bed and prepare and 
implement an inspection and maintenance plan that includes periodic 
catalyst activity checks. For carbon adsorbers for which you do not 
conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would monitor the carbon 
bed temperature and the amount of steam or nitrogen used to desorb the 
bed. For condensers, you would monitor the outlet gas temperature from 
the condenser. For concentrators, you would monitor the temperature in 
the desorption gas stream and the pressure drop across the zeolite 
wheel or rotary carbon bed.
    The site-specific parameter limits that you establish must reflect 
operation of the capture system and add-on control devices during a 
performance test that demonstrates achievement of the emission limits 
during representative operating conditions.
    Work practice standards. If you use an emission capture system and 
add-on control device for compliance, you would be required to develop 
and implement a work practice plan to minimize organic HAP emissions 
from mixing operations, storage tanks and other containers, and 
handling operations for coating, printing, thinning, cleaning, and 
waste materials.
    Operations during startup, shutdown, or malfunction. If you use a 
capture system and add-on control device for compliance, you would be 
required to develop and operate according to a startup, shutdown, and 
malfunction plan (SSMP) during periods of startup, shutdown, or 
malfunction of the capture system and add-on control device.
    General Provisions. The General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart 
A) would also apply to you as indicated in the proposed rule. The 
General Provisions codify certain procedures and criteria for all 40 
CFR part 63 NESHAP. The General Provisions contain administrative 
procedures, preconstruction review procedures for new sources, and 
procedures for conducting compliance-related activities such as 
notifications, reporting and recordkeeping, performance testing, and 
monitoring. The proposed rule refers to individual sections of the 
General Provisions to emphasize key sections that are relevant. 
However, unless specifically overridden in the proposed rule, all of 
the applicable General Provisions requirements would apply to you.

F. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?

    Compliance dates. Existing affected sources would have to be in 
compliance with the final standards no later than [DATE 3 YEARS AFTER 
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. New and 
reconstructed affected sources would have to be in compliance upon 
startup of the affected source or by the [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE 
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later. The effective 
date is the date on which the final rule is published in the Federal 
Register.
    The proposed initial compliance period begins on the compliance 
date and ends on the last day of the first full month following the 
compliance date; except for new and reconstructed sources required to 
conduct performance tests, the initial compliance period ends on the 
last day of the first full month following the performance test if the 
performance test is conducted later than the compliance date (the 
proposed rule allows the test to be conducted up to 180 days later).
    Being ``in compliance'' means that the owner or operator of the 
affected source meets the requirements to achieve the emission 
limitations during the initial compliance period. At the end of the 
initial compliance period, the owner or operator would use the data and 
records generated to determine whether or not the affected source is in 
compliance with the organic HAP emission limit and other applicable 
requirements for that period. If the affected source does not meet the 
emission limit and other applicable requirements, it is out of 
compliance for the entire initial compliance period.
    Emission limits. With the exception of the slashing emission limit, 
there are several proposed options for complying with the proposed 
emission limits, and the testing and initial compliance requirements 
vary accordingly. You would be able to use different compliance options 
for different coating, printing, dyeing, and finishing operations in 
the affected source for

[[Page 46034]]

each subcategory and also for the same operation at different times.
    Compliance based on materials used in the affected source. If you 
demonstrate compliance with the proposed coating and printing emission 
limits based on the materials used, you would determine the mass of 
organic HAP and the mass fraction of solids in all materials used 
during the month of the initial compliance period. You would be 
required to demonstrate either that the organic HAP content of each 
coating and printing material meets the applicable emission limit and 
that you use no organic HAP-containing thinning or cleaning materials 
(compliant material option); or that the total mass of organic HAP in 
all coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used divided by 
the total mass of solids in coating and printing materials used meets 
the applicable emission limit (emission rate without add-on controls 
option).
    The compliant material option is a pollution prevention option that 
allows you to easily demonstrate compliance by using low-HAP or non-HAP 
coating and printing materials. If you use coating and printing 
materials that, based on their organic HAP content, individually meet 
the kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) solids used levels in the 
applicable emission limits and you use non-HAP thinners and other 
additives and cleaning materials, this compliance option is available 
to you. For this option, we have minimized recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements. You can demonstrate compliance by using readily available 
purchase records containing manufacturer's formulation data to 
determine the organic HAP content of each coating, printing, or other 
material and the amount of each material used. You would not need to 
perform any detailed emission rate calculations.
    To demonstrate compliance with the compliant material option, you 
would demonstrate that the organic HAP content of each coating and 
printing material meets the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to the 
proposed subpart, and that you used no organic HAP-containing thinning 
or cleaning materials. For example, if you are using the compliant 
materials option for your existing source, you would demonstrate that: 
(1) Each coating and printing material used has an organic HAP content 
no greater than 0.12 kg (0.12 lb) organic HAP per kg (lb) solids used, 
(2) and that you used no organic HAP-containing thinning or cleaning 
materials. Note that ``no organic HAP'' is not intended to mean 
absolute zero. Materials that contain ``no organic HAP'' should be 
interpreted to mean materials that contain organic HAP levels below the 
levels specified in Sec. 63.4341(e) of the proposed rule, which are 
typical reporting levels. These typical reporting levels only count 
organic HAP that are present at 0.1 percent or more by mass for OSHA-
defined carcinogens and at 1.0 percent or more by mass for other 
compounds.
    To determine the mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning materials and the mass fraction of solids in 
coating and printing materials, you could rely on manufacturer's 
formulation data. You would not be required to perform tests or 
analysis of the material if formulation data are available. 
Alternatively, you could use results from the test methods listed 
below. You may also use alternative test methods provided you get EPA 
approval in accordance with the NESHAP General Provisions, 40 CFR 
63.7(f). However, if there is any inconsistency between the test method 
results (either EPA's or an approved alternative) and manufacturer's 
data, the test method results would prevail for compliance and 
enforcement purposes.
     For mass fraction of organic HAP, you would use Method 311 
of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A;
     The proposed rule would allow you to use nonaqueous 
volatile matter as a surrogate for organic HAP, which would include all 
organic HAP plus all other organic compounds, and excluding water. If 
you choose this option, you would use Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix A; and
     For mass fraction of solids, you would use Method 24 of 40 
CFR part 60, appendix A.
    The emission rate without add-on controls option is a pollution 
prevention option where you can demonstrate compliance based on the 
organic HAP contained in the mix of coating, printing, thinning, and 
cleaning materials you use. This option allows you the flexibility to 
use some individual coating or printing materials that do not 
individually meet the emission limit if you use other low-HAP or non-
HAP coating or printing materials such that overall emissions from the 
affected source during the compliance period meet the emission limit.
    To demonstrate initial compliance with the emission rate limit 
without add-on controls option, you would be required to:
     Determine the quantity of each coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning material you used.
     Calculate the mass of organic HAP in each coating, 
printing, thinning, and cleaning material using the same types of data 
and methods previously described for the compliant material option.
     Determine the mass fraction of solids for each coating and 
printing material you used using the same types of data or methods 
described for the compliant material option.
     Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials 
used and total mass of solids for all coating and printing materials 
used. You may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount 
contained in waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment, 
storage, and disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 
265, or 266.
     Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP to 
the total mass of solids for the materials used.
     Record the calculations and results and include them in 
your Notification of Compliance Status.
    Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular 
coating/printing operation or group of operations rather than for an 
entire affected source, you would calculate the organic HAP emission 
rate using just the materials used in that operation or group. You 
would need to separately demonstrate compliance for all other 
operations in the affected source.
    To demonstrate compliance with the proposed slashing emission 
limits, you must use the compliant material option and demonstrate that 
each slashing material used during the initial compliance period 
contains no organic HAP. As was noted regarding thinning or cleaning 
materials used in coating/printing operations, ``no organic HAP'' is 
not intended to mean absolute zero. Materials that contain ``no organic 
HAP'' should be interpreted to mean materials that contain organic HAP 
levels below the levels specified in Sec. 63.4341(e) of the proposed 
rule, which are typical reporting levels.
    To demonstrate compliance with the proposed dyeing and finishing 
emission limits, you would be required to demonstrate either that the 
organic HAP content of each dyeing, finishing and cleaning material 
meets the applicable emission limit (compliant material option) or that 
the total mass of organic HAP in all dyeing, finishing and cleaning 
materials used divided by the total mass of dyeing, finishing and 
cleaning materials used meets the applicable emission limit (emission 
rate without add-on controls option).
    As previously described for coating/printing operations, the 
compliant material option is a pollution prevention option that allows 
you to

[[Page 46035]]

easily demonstrate compliance by using low-HAP or non-HAP dyeing, 
finishing and cleaning materials. To demonstrate compliance with the 
compliant material option, you would demonstrate that the organic HAP 
content of each dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material meets the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to the proposed subpart. To 
determine the mass of organic HAP in dyeing, finishing and cleaning 
materials, you may rely on manufacturer's formulation data. You would 
not be required to perform tests or analysis of the material if 
formulation data are available. Alternatively, you could use results 
from the test methods listed below. You may also use alternative test 
methods provided you get EPA approval in accordance with the NESHAP 
General Provisions, 40 CFR 63.7(f). However, if there is any 
inconsistency between the test method results (either EPA's or an 
approved alternative) and manufacturer's data, the test method results 
would prevail for compliance and enforcement purposes.
     For mass fraction of organic HAP, you would use Method 311 
of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A;
     The proposed rule would allow you to use nonaqueous 
volatile matter as a surrogate for organic HAP, which would include all 
organic HAP plus all other organic compounds, and excluding water. If 
you choose this option, you would use Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix A.
    Again as previously described for coating/printing operations, the 
emission rate without add-on controls option is a pollution prevention 
option where you can demonstrate compliance based on the organic HAP 
contained in the mix of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials you 
use. This option allows you more flexibility that the compliant 
material option, but requires the calculation of the emission rate each 
month. To demonstrate initial compliance with the emission rate without 
add-on controls option, you would be required to:
     Determine the mass of each dyeing, finishing and cleaning 
material you used.
     Calculate the mass of organic HAP in each dyeing, 
finishing and cleaning material.
     Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials 
and the total mass of all materials used for the compliance period. You 
may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in 
waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and 
disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
     Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP in 
the materials used to the total mass of materials used.
     Record the calculations and results and include them in 
your Notification of Compliance Status.
    Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular dyeing/
finishing operation or group of operations rather than for an entire 
affected source, you would calculate the organic HAP emission rate 
using just the materials used in that operation or group. You would 
need to separately demonstrate compliance for all other operations in 
the affected source.
    Compliance based on using a capture system and add-on control 
device for coating and printing operations. If you use a capture system 
and add-on control device on a coating/printing operation, other than a 
solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material 
balance, you would determine the capture and control efficiencies of 
the equipment or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration. For the 
organic HAP emission rate limit, you also would determine the mass 
fraction of organic HAP and the mass fraction of solids in all 
materials used during the month of the initial compliance period. You 
would be required to demonstrate either that the organic HAP OCE is 
greater than or equal to the applicable organic HAP OCE limit, that the 
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration is no greater than 20 ppmv on 
a dry basis and the efficiency of the capture system is 100 percent, or 
that the capture and control system reduces organic HAP emissions to a 
level no greater than the applicable emission rate limit.
    If you use a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a 
liquid-liquid material balance, you would be required to demonstrate 
either that the organic HAP OCE determined by material balance during 
the month of the initial compliance period is greater than or equal to 
the applicable organic HAP OCE limit or that the solvent recovery 
system reduces organic HAP emissions to a level no greater than the 
applicable emission rate limit.
    The proposed testing and initial compliance requirements associated 
with determining the OCE of the capture system and add-on control 
device are summarized in the following paragraphs.
    If you use a capture system and add-on control device, other than a 
solvent recovery system for which you conduct material balances, you 
would be required to conduct an initial performance test to determine 
the capture and control efficiencies of the equipment (or the capture 
efficiency of the capture system and the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration) and to establish operating limits to be achieved on a 
continuous basis. The performance test would have to be completed no 
later than the compliance date for existing sources and 180 days after 
the compliance date for new and reconstructed sources. If you are 
demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission rate limit with 
add-on controls, you would need to schedule the performance test in 
time to obtain the results for use in calculating your emission rate 
for the month of the initial compliance period.
    You would determine both the efficiency of the capture system and 
either the organic HAP emission reduction efficiency of the add-on 
control device or the outlet organic HAP concentration of the oxidizer. 
To determine the capture efficiency, you would either verify the 
presence of a PTE using EPA Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M 
(and all materials must be applied and dried or cured within the 
enclosure); or use one of three protocols in proposed Sec. 63.4365 to 
measure capture efficiency. If you have a PTE and all regulated 
materials are applied and dried or cured within the enclosure and you 
route all exhaust gases from the enclosure to an add-on control device, 
then you would assume 100 percent capture. To demonstrate compliance 
with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit, 100 percent 
capture is required.
    To determine the organic HAP emission reduction efficiency of the 
add-on control device, you would conduct measurements of the inlet and 
outlet gas streams. Only the outlet gas stream would be measured to 
determine outlet concentration. The performance test would consist of 
three runs, each run lasting 1 hour, using the following EPA Methods in 
40 CFR part 60, appendix A:
     Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling sites.
     Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the gas 
volumetric flow rate.
     Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to determine dry 
molecular weight. You may also use as an alternative to Method 3B, the 
manual method for measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon 
monoxide content of exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981.
     Method 4 to determine stack moisture.
     Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile matter 
concentration. You would use Method 25A to demonstrate compliance with 
the oxidizer outlet organic HAP

[[Page 46036]]

concentration limit because the limit is less than 50 ppmw. 
Alternatively, any other test method or data that have been validated 
according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of 40 CFR part 63, 
appendix A, and approved by the Administrator, could be used.
    If you use a solvent recovery system, you could determine the OCE 
using a liquid-liquid material balance instead of conducting an initial 
performance test. If you use the material balance alternative, you 
would be required to measure the amount of all materials used during 
the month of the initial compliance period and determine the total 
volatile matter contained in these materials. You would also measure 
the amount of volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period. Then you would compare the amount 
recovered to the amount used to determine the OCE. You would record the 
calculations and results and include them in your Notification of 
Compliance Status.
    Additional proposed testing and initial compliance requirements 
associated with demonstrating compliance using the emission rate with 
add-on controls option are as follows:
     Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP in each 
coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning material used and the mass 
fraction of solids in coating and printing materials used during the 
month of the initial compliance period, as described previously in 
``Compliance based on materials used in the affected source.''
     Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials 
and total mass of solids for all coating and printing materials. You 
may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in 
waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and 
disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
     Calculate the organic HAP emission reductions from the 
controlled coating or printing operations using the capture and control 
efficiencies determined during the performance test or the materials 
balance for the month and the total mass of organic HAP in materials 
used in controlled coating and printing operations.
     Calculate the ratio of the total mass of HAP emissions to 
the total mass of solids for the materials used during the month of the 
initial compliance period.
     Record the calculations and results and include them in 
your Notification of Compliance Status.
     Develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize 
emissions from storage, mixing, and handling of organic HAP-containing 
materials.
    Operating limits. As mentioned above, you would establish operating 
limits as part of the initial performance test of a capture system and 
add-on control device, other than a solvent recovery system for which 
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. The operating limits are 
the minimum or maximum (as applicable) values achieved for capture 
systems and add-on control devices during the performance test, 
conducted under representative conditions, that demonstrated compliance 
with the emission limits.
    The proposed rule specifies the parameters to monitor for the types 
of emission control systems commonly used in the industry. You would be 
required to install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate all 
monitoring equipment according to the manufacturer's specifications and 
ensure that the continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) meet the 
requirements in Sec. 63.4374 of the proposed rule. If you use add-on 
control devices other than those identified in the proposed rule, you 
would submit the operating parameters to be monitored to the 
Administrator for approval. The authority to approve the parameters to 
be monitored is retained by EPA and is not delegated to States.
    If you use a thermal or catalytic oxidizer, you would continuously 
monitor the appropriate temperature and record it at least every 15 
minutes. For thermal oxidizers, the temperature monitor is placed in 
the firebox or in the duct immediately downstream of the firebox before 
any substantial heat exchange occurs. The operating limit would be the 
average temperature measured during the performance test, and for each 
consecutive 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be at 
or above this limit. For catalytic oxidizers, temperature monitors are 
placed immediately before and after the catalyst bed. The operating 
limits would be the average temperature just before the catalyst bed 
and the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during 
the performance test. For each 3-hour period, the average temperature 
and the average temperature difference would have to be at or above 
these limits. Alternatively, you would be allowed to meet only the 
temperature limit before the catalyst bed if you develop and implement 
an inspection and maintenance plan that includes periodic catalyst 
activity checks.
    If you use a carbon adsorber and do not conduct liquid-liquid 
material balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the 
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the total amount of 
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each regeneration. The 
operating limits would be the carbon bed temperature (not to be 
exceeded) and the amount of steam or nitrogen used for desorption (to 
be met as a minimum).
    If you use a condenser and do not conduct liquid-liquid material 
balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the outlet gas 
temperature to ensure that the air stream is being cooled to a low 
enough temperature. The operating limit would be the average condenser 
outlet gas temperature measured during the performance test, and for 
each consecutive 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be 
at or below this limit.
    If you use a concentrator, you would monitor the desorption 
concentrate stream gas temperature and the pressure drop of the dilute 
stream across the concentrator. These values would be recorded at least 
once every 15 minutes. The operating limits would be the average 
temperature (to be met as a minimum) and the average pressure drop (not 
to be exceeded) measured during the performance test.
    For each capture system that is not a PTE, you would establish 
operating limits for gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure 
for each enclosure or capture device. The operating limit would be the 
average volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure during the 
performance test to be met as a minimum. For each capture system that 
is a PTE, the operating limit would require the average facial velocity 
of air through all natural draft openings to be at least 200 feet per 
minute or the pressure drop across the enclosure to be at least 0.007 
inch water.
    Work practices. If you use a capture system and add-on control 
device for compliance, you would be required to develop and implement 
on an ongoing basis a work practice plan for minimizing organic HAP 
emissions to the atmosphere from storage, mixing, material handling, 
and waste handling operations. This plan would include a description of 
all steps taken to minimize emissions from these sources (e.g., using 
closed storage containers, practices to minimize emissions during 
filling and transfer of contents from containers, using spill 
minimization techniques, placing solvent-laden cloths in closed 
containers immediately after use, etc.). You would have to make the 
plan available for inspection if the Administrator requests to see it.
    Operations during startup, shutdown, or malfunction. If you use a 
capture

[[Page 46037]]

system and add-on control device for compliance, you would be required 
to develop and operate according to a SSMP during periods of startup, 
shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and add-on control 
device.

G. What Are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?

    Emission limits. If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed 
emission limits for slashing based on the materials used (compliant 
material option), you would demonstrate continuous compliance if, for 
each monthly compliance period, the organic HAP content of each 
slashing material used meets the emission limits. You would use 
manufacturer's data to demonstrate compliance each month as you did for 
the initial compliance period.
    If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed emission limits for 
coating and printing based on the materials used, you would demonstrate 
continuous compliance if, for each monthly compliance period, either 
you use only coating and printing materials that meet the applicable 
emission limit and only non-HAP thinning and cleaning materials 
(compliant material option); or that the ratio of total mass of organic 
HAP to total mass of solids in coating and printing materials used is 
less than or equal to the emission limits (emission rate without add-on 
controls option). You would follow the same procedures for calculating 
the organic HAP to coating and printing solids ratio that you used for 
the initial compliance period.
    If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed emission limits for 
dyeing and finishing based on the materials used, you would demonstrate 
continuous compliance if, for each monthly compliance period, either 
the organic HAP content of each dyeing, finishing and cleaning material 
meets the applicable emission limit (compliant material option) or the 
total mass of organic HAP in all dyeing, finishing and cleaning 
materials used divided by the total mass of dyeing, finishing and 
cleaning materials used meets the applicable emission limit (emission 
rate without add-on controls option). You would follow the same 
procedures for determining the mass of organic HAP in all materials 
used during the month that you used for the initial compliance period.
    For each coating or printing operation on which you use a capture 
system and add-on control device, other than solvent recovery for which 
you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, the continuous parameter 
monitoring results for each month would affect your compliance 
determination. If the monitoring results indicate no deviations from 
the operating limits and there were no bypasses of the add-on control 
device, you would assume the capture system and add-on control device 
are achieving the same emission reduction as they did during the 
performance test in which the operating limits were established. If you 
are demonstrating compliance with either the organic HAP OCE option or 
the emission rate with add-on controls option, you would then apply the 
OCE to the total mass of organic HAP in materials used in controlled 
coating or printing operations to determine the monthly mass of organic 
HAP emissions from those operations. If there were any deviations from 
the operating limits during the month or any bypasses of the add-on 
control device, you would account for them in the calculation of the 
applicable emission rate by assuming the capture system and add-on 
control device were achieving zero emission reduction during the 
periods of deviation.
    For each coating and printing operation on which you use a solvent 
recovery system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance each 
month, you would use the liquid-liquid material balance to determine 
the emission rate. You would be required to measure the amount of all 
materials used during each month and determine the volatile matter 
content of these materials. You would also measure the amount of 
volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system during the 
month and calculate the weight percent of organic HAP used that was 
emitted to determine compliance with the organic HAP OCE option. If you 
are complying with the emission rate with add-on controls option, you 
would apply the OCE to the total mass of organic HAP in the materials 
used to determine total organic HAP emissions as input to the 
compliance demonstration.
    Operating limits. If you use an emission capture system and add-on 
control device, the proposed rule would require you to achieve on a 
continuous basis the operating limits you establish during the 
performance test. If the continuous monitoring shows that the capture 
system and add-on control device are operating outside the range of 
values established during the performance test, you have deviated from 
the established operating limits.
    If you operate a capture system and add-on control device with 
bypass lines that could allow emissions to bypass the add-on control 
device, you would have to demonstrate that organic HAP emissions 
collected by the capture system are routed to the add-on control device 
by monitoring for potential bypass of the add-on control device. You 
may choose from the following four monitoring procedures:
     Flow control position indicator to provide a record of 
whether the exhaust stream is directed to the add-on control device;
     Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures to secure the 
bypass line valve in the closed position when the add-on control device 
is operating;
     Valve closure continuous monitoring to ensure any bypass 
line valve or damper is closed when the add-on control device is 
operating; or
     Automatic shutdown system to stop the coating or printing 
operation when flow is diverted from the add-on control device.
    A deviation would occur for any period of time the bypass 
monitoring procedures indicate that emissions are not routed to the 
add-on control device.
    Work practices. If you use an emission capture system and add-on 
control device for compliance, you would be required to implement on an 
ongoing basis the work practice plan you developed during the initial 
compliance period. If you did not develop a plan for reducing organic 
HAP emissions or you do not implement the plan, this would be a 
deviation from the work practice standard.
    Operations during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. If you use a 
capture system and add-on control device for compliance, you would be 
required to develop and operate according to a SSMP during periods of 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction of the capture system and add-on 
control device.

H. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting 
Requirements?

    You would be required to comply with the applicable requirements in 
the NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as 
described in the proposed rule. The General Provisions notification 
requirements include: initial notifications, notification of 
performance test if you are complying using a capture system and add-on 
control device, notification of compliance status, and additional 
notifications required for affected sources with continuous monitoring 
systems. The General Provisions also require certain records and 
periodic reports.
    Initial notifications. If you own or operate an existing affected 
source, you would be required to send a notification

[[Page 46038]]

to the EPA Regional Office in the region where your affected source is 
located and to your State agency no later than [DATE 1 YEAR FROM DATE 
OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. For new and 
reconstructed sources, you would send the notification within 120 days 
after the date of initial startup or [DATE 120 DAYS FROM DATE OF 
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is 
later. The report notifies us and your State agency that you have an 
existing affected source that is subject to the proposed standards, or 
that you have constructed a new affected source. Thus, it allows you 
and the permitting authority to plan for compliance activities. You 
would also need to send a notification of planned construction or 
reconstruction of a source that would be subject to the proposed rule 
and apply for approval to construct or reconstruct.
    Notification of performance test. If you demonstrate compliance by 
using a capture system and add-on control device for which you do not 
conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would conduct a 
performance test. The performance test would be required no later than 
the compliance date for an existing affected source. For a new or 
reconstructed affected source, the performance test would be required 
no later than 180 days after initial startup or [180 DAYS FROM DATE OF 
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], whichever is 
later. You must notify us (or the delegated State or local agency) at 
least 60 calendar days before the performance test is scheduled to 
begin and submit a report of the performance test results no later than 
60 days after the test.
    Notification of compliance status. You would send us a Notification 
of Compliance Status within 30 days after the end of the initial 
compliance period. In the notification, you would certify whether each 
affected source has complied with the proposed standards, identify the 
option(s) you used to demonstrate initial compliance, summarize the 
data and calculations supporting the compliance demonstration, and 
provide information on any deviations from the emission limits, 
operating limits, or other requirements.
    If you elect to comply by using a capture system and add-on control 
device for which you conduct performance tests, you must provide the 
results of the tests. Your notification would also include the measured 
range of each monitored parameter, the operating limits established 
during the performance test, and information showing whether the source 
has complied with its operating limits during the initial compliance 
period.
    Recordkeeping requirements. You would be required to keep records 
of reported information and all other information necessary to document 
compliance with the proposed rule for 5 years. As required under the 
General Provisions, records for the 2 most recent years must be kept 
on-site; the other 3 years' records may be kept off-site. Records 
pertaining to the design and operation of the emission control and 
monitoring equipment must be kept for the life of the equipment.
    You would need to keep all documentation supporting initial 
notifications and notifications of compliance status.
    If your affected source is complying with the slashing emission 
limits, you would need to keep records of the organic HAP content of 
each slashing material as purchased.
    Depending on the compliance option that you choose for your 
affected source complying with the dyeing and finishing or coating and 
printing emission limits, you would need to keep records of the 
following:
     Organic HAP content, volatile matter content, coating and 
printing materials solids content, and quantity of the dyeing, 
finishing, coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used 
during each compliance period.
     For the emission rate (with or without add-on controls) 
compliance options, calculations of your emission rate for each 
compliance period.
    If your affected source is in the coating and printing subcategory 
and you demonstrate compliance by using a capture system and add-on 
control device, you would also need to keep records of the following:
     All required measurements, calculations, and supporting 
documentation needed to demonstrate compliance with the standards.
     All results of performance tests and parameter monitoring.
     All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with 
your plan for minimizing emissions from mixing, storage, and waste 
handling operations.
     All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with 
the affected source's SSMP when the plan procedures are followed.
     The occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown, or 
malfunction of the emission capture system and add-on control device.
     Actions taken during startup, shutdown, and malfunction 
that are different from the procedures specified in the affected 
source's SSMP.
     Each period during which a CPMS is malfunctioning or 
inoperative (including out-of-control periods).
    The proposed rule would require you to collect and keep records 
according to certain minimum data requirements for the CPMS. Failure to 
collect and keep the specified minimum data would be a deviation that 
is separate from any emission limits, operating limits, or work 
practice standards.
    Deviations, as determined from these records, would need to be 
recorded and also reported. A deviation is any instance when any 
requirement or obligation established by the proposed rule including, 
but not limited to, the emission limits, operating limits, and work 
practice standards, is not met.
    If you use a capture system and add-on control device to reduce 
organic HAP emissions, you would have to make your SSMP available for 
inspection if the Administrator requests to see it. The plan would stay 
in your records for the life of the affected source or until the source 
is no longer subject to the proposed standards. If you revise the plan, 
you would need to keep the previous superseded versions on record for 5 
years following the revision.
    Periodic reports. Each reporting year is divided into two 
semiannual reporting periods. If no deviations occur during a 
semiannual reporting period, you would submit a semiannual report 
stating that the affected source has been in continuous compliance. If 
deviations occur, you would include them in the report as follows:
     Report each deviation from the emission limit.
     Report each deviation from the work practice standards if 
you use an emission capture system and add-on control device.
     If you use an emission capture system and add-on control 
device other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct 
liquid-liquid material balances, report each deviation from an 
operating limit and each time a bypass line diverts emissions from the 
add-on control device to the atmosphere.
     Report other specific information on the periods of time 
the deviations occurred.
    You would also have to include in each semiannual report an 
identification of the compliance option(s) you used for each affected 
source and any time periods when you changed to another compliance 
option.
    Other reports. You would be required to submit reports for periods 
of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture

[[Page 46039]]

system and add-on control device. If the procedures you follow during 
any startup, shutdown, or malfunction are inconsistent with your SSMP, 
you would report those procedures with your semiannual reports in 
addition to immediate reports required by 40 CFR 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
    Electronic reporting option. Comments are invited on the option of 
voluntary electronic reporting for all reporting requirements in the 
proposed rule. The option would allow the use of the Internet to meet 
the reporting requirements of the proposed rule. You would be allowed 
to choose the option to submit all reports electronically in lieu of 
filing written reports. The electronic records submittals would need to 
include all the information that otherwise would be submitted in 
written reports. The electronic submittals would be via electronic data 
interchange and would use Data Exchange Templates (DET). The DET or 
electronic forms will be used to ``tag'' data elements, which will 
allow reporting of the information to EPA. You would submit the 
electronic forms through EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX). We would 
supply the required data elements, and you would be responsible for 
submitting the data appropriately ``tagged.'' If the rule were 
delegated to State, local or tribal agencies for implementation and 
enforcement, EPA would coordinate with the delegated agencies to 
provide them with either the electronic information or a hard copy of 
the required report.
    Under this proposed electronic reporting option, it would be 
necessary to establish: (1) That an electronic document was sent (or 
not sent); (2) when the document was sent; (3) by whom the document was 
sent, and including both the individual who sent it and the identity of 
the entity the individual is authorized to represent; (4) when the 
document was received; (5) that the document was not altered from the 
time it was sent to the time it was received; and (6) the contents of 
the document sent.
    Specifically, we request comment on the concept of electronic 
reporting, advantages to the regulated community by reducing reporting 
burdens; cost or cost savings; advantages or disadvantages to State/
local/tribal agencies; and difficulties to be overcome in the 
implementation of electronic reporting.

III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards

A. How did We Select The Source Category and Subcategories?

    Printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics (changed by today's action 
to printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and other textiles) is a 
source category that is on the list of source categories to be 
regulated because it contains major sources which emit or have the 
potential to emit at least 10 tons of any one HAP or at least 25 tons 
of any combination of HAP annually. The proposed rule would control HAP 
emissions from both new and existing major sources. Area sources are 
not being regulated under the proposed rule.
    Printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics as described in the 
initial listing includes any affected source engaged in those 
activities. We also have found that slashing and finishing operations 
in printing, coating and dyeing sources have the potential to emit 
major source levels of organic HAP. We use the product lists contained 
in the NAICS code descriptions to describe the vast array of products 
composed of or containing fabric, textiles, yarn, fiber, cord, or 
thread that has been coated, printed, slashed, dyed or finished.
    We intend the source category to include sources for which fabric 
and other textiles coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing is 
either their principal activity or an integral part of a production 
process that is the principal activity. Many coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing and finishing operations are located at plant sites 
that are dedicated to these activities. However, some are located at 
sites for which some other activity is principal, such as production of 
sheets and towels or rubber belt manufacturing. Collocated coating, 
printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing operations comparable to the 
types and sizes of the dedicated affected sources, in terms of the 
affected operation and applicable emission control techniques, are 
included in the source category.
    The source category does not include research or laboratory 
facilities; janitorial, building, and facility maintenance operations; 
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing operations in which 
no organic HAP-containing materials are used; or coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing or finishing used by a facility and not for commerce, 
unless organic HAP emissions from the coating, printing, slashing, 
dyeing or finishing operations are at major source levels.
    Subcategory selection. The statute gives us discretion to determine 
if and how to subcategorize. Once the floor has been determined for new 
or reconstructed and existing affected sources for a source category or 
subcategory, we must set MACT standards that are no less stringent than 
the MACT floor. Such standards must then be met by all sources within 
the source category or subcategory. A subcategory is a group of similar 
sources within a given source category. As part of the regulatory 
development process, we evaluate the similarities and differences 
between industry segments or groups of affected sources comprising a 
source category. In establishing subcategories, we consider factors 
such as process operations (type of process, raw materials, chemistry/
formulation data, associated equipment, and final products); emission 
characteristics (amount and type of HAP); add-on control device 
applicability; and opportunities for pollution prevention. We may also 
consider existing rules or guidance from States and other regulatory 
agencies in determining subcategories.
    After reviewing survey responses from the industry, facility site 
visit reports, and information received from stakeholder meetings, we 
found that the printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and other 
textiles source category may be grouped into three subcategories with 
differing material application and performance requirements, emission 
characteristics, applicable add-on emission controls and pollution 
prevention opportunities. The three subcategories are: (1) Coating and 
printing, (2) slashing, and (3) dyeing and finishing. The following 
paragraphs include descriptions of each subcategory.
    Coating and printing subcategory. The coating and printing 
subcategory includes affected sources that apply coatings to or print 
textile substrates. The coating and printing manufacturing processes, 
HAP emissions, and types of controls in use sufficiently set them apart 
from the other processes that are used in the manufacture of textile 
products to warrant a subcategory. Coating is a web coating operation, 
and the physical operations and most sources performing coating are 
separate and distinct from the other textile operations. Many coating 
operations are subject to State reasonably available control technology 
requirements or to the polymeric coating of supporting substrates NSPS 
(40 CFR part 60, subpart VVV) and have installed emission control 
systems for VOC. Since a number of the VOC emitted from

[[Page 46040]]

coating operations are also organic HAP (e.g., toluene, MEK, xylene, 
and methanol), the VOC emission control systems in place are also 
effective for controlling organic HAP emissions. Printing is a web 
process very similar to coating and uses some of the same equipment. 
The application and drying of printing materials and the organic HAP 
emission sources are identical or nearly identical to coating, and, 
therefore, the control options and limits for coating would be 
applicable to printing as well.
    Coating is a specialized chemical finishing technique designed to 
produce textiles to meet high performance requirements, e.g., for end 
products such as tents, roofing, soft baggage, marine fabric, drapery 
linings, flexible hoses, hot-air balloons, and awnings. Coatings 
generally impart elasticity to substrates, as well as resistance to one 
or more elements such as abrasion, water, chemicals, heat, fire, and 
oil. The substrate itself provides strength (such as tear strength) and 
can include wovens, nonwovens, knits, yarn, cord, and thread, although 
woven fabrics are most commonly used.
    Printing is the application of color to a substrate in a design or 
pattern. In some cases, the printing material is chemically the same as 
coating material only thinned to a lower viscosity. There are typically 
four types of printing, including rotary screen, engraved roller, flat-
bed screen, and heat transfer. Rotary screen and engraved roller 
closely resemble coating and use principally the same type of equipment 
as coating. Flat-bed screen is typically not a high production 
technique and does not emit large quantities of HAP over a period of 
time given the limits of production. Heat transfer emits little or no 
HAP in the transfer of the print to the substrate.
    Both the substrates coated and printed as well as the coatings 
themselves vary. A number of different substrates can be coated 
including rayon, nylon, polyester, cotton, and blends. Coating 
chemicals used vary depending on end use of the coated substrate. 
Examples of coating chemicals include vinyl, urethane, silicone, and 
styrene-butadiene rubber. The polymer can be bought in various forms 
such as chunks, blocks, chips, pellets or fine powder. However, besides 
the polymer resins, several other chemicals can also be included in the 
prepared coating. These include plasticizers to increase pliability 
(e.g., fatty acids, alcohols), solvents to disperse solids and adjust 
viscosity (e.g., toluene, xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and MEK), 
pigments, curing agents, and fillers (e.g., carbon black and teflon). 
Rubber coating materials are frequently compounded in the facility 
performing the coating. Manmade fibers coated with epoxy or phenolic 
resins are often not immediately cured following application, but are 
first laid in a mold and then cured under pressure to form a composite 
structure.
    The coating or printing process generally is made up of the 
following unit operations: mixing the coating or printing materials 
(including the solvents), conditioning the substrate, applying the 
coating or printing materials to the substrate, evaporating the solvent 
in a drying oven and sometimes curing or vulcanizing by exposure to 
heat, and cleaning coating or printing operation equipment. A coating 
or printing operation with coating or printing material drying or 
curing at ambient conditions is not coating or printing for the purpose 
of the proposed subpart. Therefore, a coating or printing operation 
that does not dry or cure the applied coating or printing material by 
exposure to heat is not subject to the requirements of the proposed 
subpart.
    The application processes used by affected sources in the industry 
are similar in that they use continuous web coating techniques, but 
they include several types of coating and substrates. The coating 
industry treats coating as a surface applied coating in which a 
distinct layer of coating is applied to the textile surface.
    Slashing subcategory. The slashing subcategory includes affected 
sources that perform slashing operations. The slashing equipment, 
emission characteristics, and opportunities for pollution prevention in 
the industry are distinct from those in the rest of the fabric and 
other textiles coating, printing, and dyeing source category, 
warranting a separate subcategory.
    Slashing is a yarn preparation process performed on warp yarn prior 
to weaving. Warp yarns need to sustain their elongation and flexibility 
during the weaving process, which necessitates the slashing process. In 
the slashing process, large rolls (beams) of warp yarn are passed 
through a size box containing the aqueous sizing compound. Squeeze 
rolls remove excess solution and the yarn then passes through a drying 
unit that usually consists of steam filled dry cans (rollers) or an 
oven and then through a series of separator bars to prevent the ends 
from sticking together. After the separation process, the warp is then 
wound onto the loom beam. Some mills perform desizing. During the 
desizing step, at the end of the textile process, most of the sizing 
(slashing material) is removed from the textile by washing and the 
sizing is present in the wastewater.
    The objectives of slashing are to strengthen, smooth the outer 
surface, and lubricate the yarn. The chemical nature of the size 
applied is dependent on the yarn substrate and the type of weaving 
being used. The three main types of size currently used are natural 
products (starch), fully synthetic products (e.g., PVA), and 
semisynthetic blends (e.g., modified starches and carboxymethyl 
cellulose (CMC)).
    When starch or modified starch is the sizing compound, there is 
water but no HAP emitted from the slashing process. Starch is used 
principally on cotton, but does not work well on synthetic fibers. 
Also, starch is not more widely used and is not a good substitute for 
synthetic sizing because of water pollution concerns. Starch greatly 
increases the biological oxygen demand and cannot be partially 
recycled.
    The PVA and CMC are typically recycled when possible to reduce 
water treatment and water pollution. The CMC is not as widely used as 
starch and PVA because of the cost of the material. The CMC is not as 
effective in the slashing process on cotton and synthetic textiles as 
starch, modified starches, or PVA, respectively.
    The primary source of HAP emissions from slashing is methanol from 
PVA size, typically applied to synthetics (although it adheres to and 
is used for natural fibers as well). The methanol is present in the PVA 
size as a contaminant and is not needed for the slashing process. The 
methanol emissions can arise either from the size cooking operation 
and/or from the application or slashing process; the distribution is 
unclear, although it will depend upon the temperature at which the size 
is cooked, the cooking time, and how often mixing containers (cookers) 
are opened. These processes are not presently regulated by Federal, 
State or local agencies, and there are no known HAP emission capture or 
add-on control systems in use on size cooking or slashing processes. 
However, information submitted to us from suppliers representing 
approximately 74 percent of the domestic market for PVA indicate that 
PVA with less than 1 percent methanol is readily available, and these 
suppliers are now changing their production to supply the lower HAP 
material.
    Dyeing and finishing subcategory. The dyeing and finishing 
subcategory includes affected sources that perform dyeing and/or 
finishing operations. The process operations, materials and the organic 
HAP emissions sufficiently set these processes apart from the other

[[Page 46041]]

processes that are used in the manufacture of textile products to 
warrant a subcategory. Dyeing and finishing processes both use various 
types of aqueous materials, the choice of which depends on the type of 
substrate and the desired properties in the end product. Many affected 
sources perform both dyeing and finishing and use some common equipment 
(e.g., tenter frames) for unit operations in both processes. In some 
cases, the finishes are applied to the substrate wet from the dyeing 
process, and no drying is done until after the finish application. No 
add-on organic HAP emission controls are known to be in use on dyeing 
processes and very few on finishing processes. The few add-on emission 
controls used on finishing processes were installed to control opacity 
and are not effective at controlling organic HAP emissions. The 
similarities of process operation equipment, sources of organic HAP 
emissions (many of which are fugitive), absence of add-on HAP emission 
controls and opportunities for pollution prevention in the dyeing and 
finishing industry lend these operations well to subcategorization for 
the purpose of determining emission limits.
    Dyeing is the application of color to the whole body of a textile 
material with some degree of color fastness. Textiles are dyed using 
continuous and batch processes, and dyeing may take place at any of 
several stages in the manufacturing process (i.e., prior to fiber 
extrusion, fiber in staple form, yarn, fabric, garment). Most of the 
dyeing is done in finishing departments of basic manufacturing sources, 
although there are also several commission dyehouses. From an 
environmental perspective, dyeing has typically been viewed as a 
wastewater issue due to large quantities of water, chemicals, and 
auxiliaries (such as salt) used.
    Dyeing is essentially a mass transfer process where the dye 
diffuses in solution, adsorbs onto the fiber surface, and finally, 
within the fiber. Dyeing is complicated by the fact that there are many 
sources of color variations, such as dyes, substrate, preparation of 
substrate, dyeing auxiliaries used, and water. Processing variables 
such as time, temperature, and dye liquor ratio (lbs of dyebath to lbs 
of cloth) also affect dyeing results. There are hundreds of dyes within 
several dye classes, each of which exhibits different results when 
applied to different types of substrates.
    Various types of dyeing machines are used for both continuous and 
batch processes. Every dye system has different characteristics in 
terms of factors such as versatility, cost, tension of substrate, use 
of carriers and weight limitations. Dyeing systems can be aqueous, 
nonaqueous (inorganic solvents), or use sublimation (thermosal, heat 
transfer). Hydrophilic fibers such as cotton, rayon, wool, and silk are 
typically easier to dye as compared with hydrophobic fibers such as 
acetate, polyesters, polyamides, and polyacrylonotriles.
    The four basic steps in the dyeing process are: dissolving or 
dispersing dye, diffusing dye onto the fiber surface, absorbing dye 
onto the fiber surface, and diffusing dye into the fiber. Batch dyeing 
involves moving the dye liquor through the goods or moving the goods 
through the dye liquor. The substrate is immersed in the dyebath during 
the entire period of dyeing. In batch dyeing, a certain amount of 
substrate, usually 220 to 2,200 lbs, is loaded onto a dyeing machine 
and is brought to equilibrium or near equilibrium with a solution 
containing the dye. Once immersed in the dye bath, because the dyes 
have an affinity for the fibers, the dye molecules leave the dye 
solution and enter the fibers over a period of minutes to hours.
    Auxiliary chemicals and controlled dyebath conditions (mainly 
temperature) accelerate and optimize the action. The dye is fixed in 
the fiber using heat and/or chemicals after which the substrate is 
washed to remove unfixed dyes and chemicals. There is a trend to use 
lower liquor ratios (lbs of dyebath to lbs of cloth) in batch dyeing, 
which lends benefits such as faster heating/cooling and less waste. 
Batch equipment can usually be purchased as atmospheric (operated below 
212 degrees Fahrenheit) or pressurized (operated to about 280 degrees 
Fahrenheit) machines. Most batch dyeing is being done using pressurized 
machines, although some sources use atmospheric machines, especially 
for dyeing. Atmospheric dyeing might be required for fleeces and 
stretch fabrics, such as Lycra, which typically cannot be 
dyed using jet equipment. Dyeing processes in pressurized machines 
release no organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere since the process is 
totally enclosed, and the pressure is released at the end of the dyeing 
process by cooling the dye bath which is subsequently drained before 
opening the dyeing machine. However, in some cases, the drying of the 
pressure-dyed substrate releases HAP emissions.
    Continuous processes typically consist of dye application, dye 
fixation with chemicals or heat, and washing. Almost all continuous 
dyeing is done at atmospheric pressure. Continuous dyeing is usually 
used for long runs of polyester/cotton fabrics and involves immersing 
fabrics in a relatively concentrated dyebath for short periods. 
Substrate is fed continuously into a dye range at speeds usually 
between 540 and 2,690 feet per minute, and a concentrated solution of 
dyes and chemicals (held in pads) is moved evenly and uniformly to the 
goods with thorough penetration. A pad mangle helps apply pressure to 
squeeze dye solution into the fabric, and the dye is usually diffused 
or fixed by heating in a steamer or oven. Dye fixation on fiber occurs 
much more rapidly in continuous dyeing as compared to batch dyeing. 
After fabrics are dyed, they are dried in ovens or tenter frames after 
washing to remove un-reacted chemical or loose dye. A substrate that is 
processed through atmospheric batch dyeing is not dried at the dye 
range; it is sent to finishing and may be finished wet or dry.
    Various classes of dyes can be used, e.g., disperse for synthetics 
and direct for cellulosics. Dyes used in the textile industry are 
mostly synthetic and are derived from coal tar and petroleum-based 
derivatives. Dyes are sold as powders, granules, pastes, liquid 
dispersions, and solutions. Not only are dyes applied in different 
ways, they also impart color using different mechanisms. Dyes can be 
classified according to chemical constitution or method of application. 
Dyestuffs can work on principles of electrostatic bonding, covalent 
bonding, or physical entrapment. For example, acid dyes work through 
the mechanism of electrostatic bonding, whereas disperse dyes work by 
physical entrapment. Different dye classes exhibit different affinities 
depending on the type of fiber, although even dyes within the same 
classes can show wide affinity variations. They also exhibit different 
properties such as their fastness under end use conditions (e.g., 
light, laundering, or dry cleaning).
    Various combinations of chemical auxiliaries and process conditions 
(temperature and pressure) may be used to better fix the dye on the 
textile or impart specific characteristics. For example, a dye bath may 
contain the dyestuffs along with appropriate auxiliaries such as 
wetting agents and also specific chemicals such as acetic acid or 
sodium hydroxide. The use of higher temperatures and superatmospheric 
pressures have reduced the need for dye carriers (chemical accelerants) 
that were required at lower temperatures for the use of disperse dyes 
on synthetic substrates, such as polyester.
    The sources of HAP emissions from dyeing are the HAP constituents 
that are

[[Page 46042]]

contained in dyestuffs and auxiliary chemicals as purchased. The HAP 
constituents are needed to impart certain desirable characteristics to 
the dyed substrate (e.g., certain colors can only be attained through 
the use of HAP-containing dyestuffs or auxiliaries.) No HAP are known 
to be added by the users. The fraction of HAP contained in dye 
materials that are emitted to the atmosphere are generally estimated to 
range from zero to 10 percent, but have been reported as high as 100 
percent, and depend on the characteristics of the specific HAP 
constituents and the pressures and temperatures that the HAP are 
exposed to in the dyeing process operations. The fraction of HAP 
emitted to the atmosphere from dye materials have not been confirmed by 
test data. Most HAP constituents are believed to be rinsed from the 
substrate before the substrate is dried, because drying a substrate 
with unattached dye would adversely affect the quality of the dyed 
product.
    Finishing refers to any process operation performed after 
bleaching, dyeing, or printing that improves the appearance and/or 
usefulness of a textile substrate. Finishing encompasses any of several 
mechanical (e.g., texturizing, napping) and chemical processes (e.g., 
optical finishes, softeners, urea-formaldehyde resins for crease 
resistance) performed on fiber, yarn, or fabric to improve its 
appearance, texture, or performance. The organic HAP emission sources 
from finishing are specific chemical compounds that may be applied and 
released during subsequent drying and curing operations. Chemical 
finishing is also referred to as wet finishing. No chemicals are used 
in mechanical or dry finishing.
    The textile is usually dried prior to chemical finishing using 
either convective (hot air) or conductive (heated cans) methods. 
Chemical finishing is commonly done on a continuous finishing range 
(pad and tenter frame). The textile is passed through an aqueous 
solution containing the finishing chemical(s) and auxiliaries. After 
treatment, the textile is typically passed through an oven to drive off 
water and activate/cure finishing chemicals. It is important to note 
that there is no set recipe for the chemical finishes or mechanical 
finishing processes applied to any given substrate. Finishing methods 
are used according to desired characteristics of the end product (which 
vary widely and are market driven), and the firms themselves have some 
amount of flexibility in the specific processes or chemicals they 
choose to use for a particular function.
    The industry uses numerous categories of proprietary chemical 
speciality products that are used as chemical finishes. Some examples 
of chemical finish classes include:
     Resin finishes (permanent press) are used on cotton or 
rayon to minimize the need to iron by keeping the fabric smooth after 
washing and drying. Most resins contain formaldehyde; resins without 
formaldehyde are typically much costlier and adversely affect product 
quality.
     Softeners are used with resins to improve the way the 
fabric feels by breaking down hardness or stiffness.
     Stain resist finishes are used extensively on carpets and 
upholstery fabrics. Soil release finishes allow soils and stains to be 
removed by laundering.
     Water repellants used to prevent fabrics from being wet 
out (breathable, unlike waterproofing agents) include, but are not 
limited to, wax, silicone, and fluorine.
     Flame retardant qualities can be achieved by using special 
fibers or phosphorus-based finishes.
     Antistatic agents decrease or eliminate static electricity 
in textiles.
     Handbuilders give the fabrics body or stiffness. Other 
examples of types of chemical finishes include anticreasing agents, 
deodorants, moth resisting agents, oil repellants, rust preventatives, 
and shrinkage controllers. Some companies use more specialized finishes 
like electrical finishes and teflon. Because there are 
typically a wide variety of choices of chemical finishes that can be 
used within each finish class, it is often difficult to tag finishes 
used in certain classes as always toxic or nontoxic. In certain cases, 
as in the case of permanent press finishes, most of the resins used 
contain formaldehyde, although low or non-formaldehyde finishes are 
being developed to suit certain applications.
    There are also several different types of mechanical finishing 
techniques. For example, heatsetting can be done to improve dimensional 
stability in synthetic textiles. Shearing involves using rotary 
blade(s) to trim raised surfaces and reduce pilling. Other examples 
include embossing, glazing, sueding, and polishing.
    Many chemical and mechanical alternatives are available for every 
finishing operation, but the specific nature and applicability of these 
is unclear. Some mechanical finishes and design alternatives can avoid 
chemical processing. For example for softness, enzyme softening of 
cotton and other mechanical alternatives can be used. Proper use and 
application of N-methylol crosslinkers can minimize formaldehyde 
releases. Mechanical finishing (compacting) can also eliminate use of 
the crosslinker. Some crosslinkers that eliminate formaldehyde are 
available, but much more expensive. The industry has made a lot of 
efforts to reduce the amount of free formaldehyde in resins, however 
good substitutes that do not adversely affect the quality of the 
product are difficult to find. Formaldehyde contents can vary anywhere 
from less than one half of one percent for light weight fabrics to 4 
percent for heavy fabrics (melamine-formaldehyde resins), and there is 
a lot of variability in types of resins. Formaldehyde itself does not 
affect the product, however it does affect the properties of the resin 
itself (manufacturing). Acrylic handbuilders and stiffeners can replace 
formaldehyde-based handbuilders.
    The sources of organic HAP emissions from finishing are the HAP 
constituents that are contained in finishing materials as purchased. As 
is the case with dyeing, the organic HAP constituents are needed to 
impart certain desirable characteristics to the finished substrate 
(e.g., a resin finish containing organic HAP might be applied to a 
cotton/polyester blend for durable press and dimensional stability). No 
organic HAP are known to be added by the users. In finishing, unlike in 
dyeing, the fraction of organic HAP contained in finishes that are 
emitted to the atmosphere are generally assumed to be 100 percent with 
the exception of HAP that cross-link to the fiber, such as 
formaldehyde. This is because the finished textile is typically dried 
and cured at relatively high temperatures over 300 degrees Fahrenheit.

B. How did We Select The Regulated Pollutants?

    Organic HAP. Available emission data collected during the 
development of the proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP 
emitted from printing, coating and dyeing sources include toluene, MEK, 
methanol, xylenes, MIBK, methylene chloride, n-hexane, 
trichloroethylene, and n,n-dimethylformamide. These compounds account 
for approximately 81 percent of this category's nationwide organic HAP 
emissions. However, many other organic HAP are used, or can be used, in 
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations. 
Therefore, the proposed rule would regulate emissions of all organic 
HAP.
    Inorganic HAP. Based on information reported during development of 
the proposed NESHAP, inorganic HAP

[[Page 46043]]

contained in the coating, printing, dyeing and finishing materials used 
by this source category include chromium, cobalt, hydrogen chloride, 
lead, manganese compounds and nickel. There is limited opportunity for 
these HAP to be emitted into the ambient air because all of the 
application techniques used involve direct application of the inorganic 
HAP-containing material to the substrate by techniques such as knife-
over-roll, reverse roll, dip, pad and immersion. These techniques would 
not typically generate air emissions of the inorganic compounds. Once 
deposited on the substrate, the inorganic compounds remain on the 
substrate and are not emitted during subsequent drying and curing 
process operations. Therefore, we conclude that there are limited or no 
air emissions of inorganic HAP, and the proposed standards would not 
regulate them.

C. How Did We Select the Affected Source?

    In selecting the affected source(s) for emission standards, our 
primary goal is to ensure that MACT is applied to HAP-emitting 
operations or activities within the source category or subcategory 
being regulated. The affected source also serves to establish where new 
source MACT applies under a particular standard. Specifically, the 
General Provisions in subpart A of 40 CFR part 63 define the terms 
``construction'' and ``reconstruction'' with reference to the term 
``affected source'' and provide that new source MACT applies when 
construction or reconstruction of an affected source occurs. The 
collection of equipment and activities evaluated in determining MACT 
(including the MACT floor) is used in defining the affected source.
    When an emission standard is based on a collection of emissions 
sources, or total facility emissions, we select an affected source 
based on that same collection of emission sources, or the total 
facility, as well. This approach for defining the affected source 
broadly is particularly appropriate for industries where a plantwide 
emission standard provides the opportunity and incentive for owners and 
operators to utilize control strategies that are more cost effective 
than if separate standards were established for each emission point 
within an affected source.
    Selection of affected source. The affected source for the proposed 
standards is broadly defined for each subcategory. It includes all 
operations associated with coating and printing, with slashing, or with 
dyeing and finishing and in all cases includes the cleaning of process 
operation equipment. These operations include storage and mixing of 
regulated materials, regulated material application and flash-off and 
drying and curing of applied materials by exposure to heat, cleaning 
operations, waste handling operations, and wastewater treatment 
operations.
    In selecting the affected source, we considered, for each 
operation, the extent to which HAP-containing materials are used and 
the amount of HAP that are emitted. Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing 
and finishing material application, flash-off, and curing/drying 
operations by exposure to heat account for the majority of HAP 
emissions from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing 
operations. These operations are included in the affected source.
    We were not able to obtain data to adequately quantify HAP 
emissions from storage, mixing, cleaning, waste handling and wastewater 
treatment. However, solvents that are added to coatings as thinners, 
for example, and HAP from other HAP-containing materials such as dyeing 
or finishing auxiliaries, may be emitted during mixing and storage. The 
level of emissions depends on the type of mixing and the type of 
storage container and the work practices used at the affected source. 
The magnitude of emissions from cleaning depends heavily on the amount 
and HAP content of cleaning materials used. Emissions from waste 
handling operations depend on the type of system used to collect and 
transport organic HAP-containing waste materials in the affected 
source. For example, solvent-laden rags that are used to clean 
application equipment could be a source of HAP emissions. The method 
used to isolate and store such rags affects the level of emissions to 
ambient air. The HAP emissions from wastewater treatment depend on the 
quantity and types of HAP discharged to the wastewater treatment 
operation and the subsequent wastewater treatment processes, e.g., 
treatment by aeration or by biodegradation. Mixing, storage, cleaning, 
waste handling, and wastewater treatment operations are included in the 
affected source.
    A broad definition of the affected source was selected to provide 
maximum flexibility in complying with the proposed emission limits for 
organic HAP. In planning its total usage of HAP-containing materials, 
each affected source can select among available coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials, as well 
as use of emission capture systems and add-on controls for coating and 
printing operations, to maximize emissions reductions in the most cost-
effective manner.
    Additional information on the coating, printing, slashing, dyeing 
and finishing operations is included in the docket for the proposed 
standards.

D. How Did We Determine the Basis and Level of the Proposed Standards 
for Existing and New or Reconstructed Sources?

    The sections below present the rationale for determining the MACT 
floor, regulatory alternatives beyond the floor, and selection of the 
proposed standards for existing and new or reconstructed affected 
sources in each of the three subcategories identified in the Printing, 
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles source category.
    How did we determine the MACT floor technology? After we identify 
the specific source categories or subcategories of sources to regulate 
under section 112 of the CAA, we must develop emission standards for 
each category and subcategory. Section 112(d)(3) establishes a minimum 
baseline or ``floor'' for standards. For new sources in a category or 
subcategory, the standards cannot be less stringent than the emission 
control that is achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar 
source. The standards for existing sources can be less stringent than 
standards for new sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the 
average emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent 
of existing sources (or the best-performing five sources for categories 
or subcategories with fewer than 30 sources).
    Coating and printing subcategory. There are an estimated 60 
facilities in the coating and printing subcategory. Quantitative data 
on HAP use and emission control were obtained from 22 coating sources. 
The 22 sources in the MACT database are representative of the different 
sizes of companies and the range of products in the national population 
of coating sources. Qualitative data providing descriptions of coating 
and printing processes, HAP control technologies, and process and 
control technology concerns also were obtained from site visits and 
industry trade groups, such as the Rubber Manufacturers Association. 
These data verified that the coating processes and HAP emission sources 
are similar for all coating types and that similar HAP control 
technologies are used. They also verified that, although we do not have 
quantitative data on printing operations, it is reasonable to use the 
coating data for making decisions for both coating and printing sources 
due to the

[[Page 46044]]

similarities between coating and printing processes and materials used.
    The MACT database shows that the most common approach for reducing 
organic HAP emissions at coating and printing sources is the use of 
add-on capture and control systems. At the sources reporting the 
highest level of control, coating application stations are enclosed in 
rooms, and the ventilation air is directed to the add-on control 
device. This type of capture system can achieve 100 percent capture of 
emissions when designed to meet the criteria specified in EPA Method 
204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M. This capture system is called a PTE. 
Of the 22 sources in the MACT database, six reported the use of PTE and 
13 reported that they operated control devices on a total of 29 coating 
lines. Of the 29 controlled lines, 16 lines use thermal oxidizers, 
three lines use catalytic oxidizers, nine lines use carbon adsorbers, 
and one line uses an electrostatic precipitator.
    The MACT database contains information concerning the level of HAP 
emissions from coating application and drying/curing, the capture 
efficiency for each coating application area or for the entire coating 
line, and the destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on control 
device receiving the HAP emissions. We were able to determine the 
coating line application and drying/curing OCE for each source from 
this information when available. This value was the most common among 
all the data available, and it was determined that the coating 
application and drying/curing OCE was the value that was most 
correlated with HAP emissions. Therefore, the coating application and 
drying/curing OCE was used as the basis for the MACT floor 
calculations. The OCE was calculated as a sourcewide average to 
incorporate the effects of averaging across coating lines in sources 
with more than one coating line.
    To determine the existing source MACT floor, the sources were 
ranked based on the average OCE. The statute requires EPA to base the 
floor for existing sources on the average emission limitation achieved 
by the best performing 12 percent of existing sources for which the 
Administrator has data. The best performing 12 percent of the 22 
sources in the MACT database constitutes a set of three affected 
sources. All three of the best-performing sources use capture systems 
and add-on control devices including both thermal oxidizers and carbon 
adsorbers. The two sources using thermal oxidizers are achieving 100 
percent capture of application station emissions through the use of 
PTE. The reported OCE for the top three sources ranged from 93 to 99 
percent. These data clearly indicate that controls on some specific 
coating operations may be capable of achieving greater than 99 percent 
HAP destruction based on 100 percent capture and thermal oxidizer 
destruction efficiency greater than 99 percent. However, to determine 
the level of emission control that is technically and consistently 
achievable over the long term with thermal oxidation, it is important 
to consider not only the level of control reported, but also the data 
quality concerns and the control levels that EPA has generally found to 
be achievable for this type of control technology. This approach 
ensures that factors that affect control levels, such as variations in 
source operating conditions and inlet loadings to the add-on control 
device, are accommodated in the determination of the MACT floor.
    A study conducted by EPA indicated that a 98 percent reduction is 
the minimum control efficiency that new thermal oxidizers can be 
expected to achieve. Information from vendor guarantees supports the 
determination of a destruction efficiency of 98 percent for thermal 
oxidizers. Therefore, we adjusted the destruction efficiencies for the 
two MACT floor sources using thermal oxidizers to 98 percent. The 
calculated MACT floor using the adjusted value results in an average 97 
percent OCE for the three sources that make up the best-performing 12 
percent of sources in the coating and printing subcategory. Therefore, 
the MACT floor for existing sources is 97 percent OCE.
    As indicated previously in this preamble, the MACT floor for new 
sources must reflect the emission control achieved in practice by the 
best-controlled similar source. The OCE data cited above show that the 
best-controlled similar source for which we have data is using a PTE to 
achieve 100 percent capture and a thermal oxidizer, which as described 
above, we have determined can consistently achieve 98 percent 
destruction. Therefore, a 98 percent OCE is the MACT floor for new and 
reconstructed sources in the coating and printing subcategory.
    Data from the coating MACT database were used to calculate 
alternative emission rate limits for existing and new and reconstructed 
sources. The alternative organic HAP emission rate was calculated based 
on applying the MACT floor OCE (97 percent for existing sources and 98 
percent for new and reconstructed sources) to a pre-controlled HAP 
emission rate representative for this industry. This calculation 
process, described in the docket, resulted in HAP emission rates of 
0.12 lb of organic HAP per lb of solids for existing sources and 0.08 
lb of organic HAP per lb of solids for new and reconstructed sources. 
The alternative emission rate limits are being proposed to provide 
compliance flexibility for affected sources.
    Slashing subcategory. As has been previously noted in this 
preamble, the primary source of HAP emissions from slashing is methanol 
from PVA size. The methanol emissions can arise either from the size 
cooking operation, the application process, or both; the distribution 
is unclear. Also as previously noted, there are no known HAP emission 
capture or control systems in place on size cooking or slashing 
processes. Therefore, we judged that the most reasonable approach to 
establishing a MACT floor would be to identify a pollution prevention 
option that is the average being achieved by all affected slashing 
operations.
    Based on information submitted to the EPA by the American Textile 
Manufacturers Institute (ATMI) on September 17, 1999, we determined 
that the majority, not just the top 12 percent, of the domestic textile 
market in 1998 was using PVA for slashing with methanol comprising less 
than 1 percent by weight of the PVA ``as purchased.'' Methanol is a 
contaminant in the PVA that is a residual material from the manufacture 
of the PVA. Prior to 1999, the typical PVA sizing compound contained 
from 4 to 10 percent methanol. The ATMI submittal included letters from 
suppliers representing approximately 74 percent of the domestic market 
for PVA. The letters indicated that the ``less than 1 percent 
methanol'' is readily available and that the suppliers are changing 
their production to supply the lower HAP material. The letters provide 
detailed information from the PVA suppliers and are located in the 
Confidential Business Information files at EPA. Information collected 
from the WWW on two domestic suppliers of PVA confirms that PVA with 
``less than 1 percent methanol'' is readily available from suppliers.
    On the basis of the information described above, we determined that 
the MACT floor for the slashing subcategory is the use of low-HAP PVA 
containing less than 1 percent HAP, by weight, ``as purchased.'' For 
the purpose of determining the mass fraction of organic HAP in a 
slashing material, each organic HAP that is not an OSHA-defined 
carcinogen as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and that is measured 
to be present at less than 1 percent is counted as zero. Therefore, 
since

[[Page 46045]]

methanol is not an OSHA-defined carcinogen, the floor for slashing is 
zero organic HAP. Other synthetic organic sizing compounds in use also 
contain HAP, but the HAP content of these sizing compounds is well 
below 1 percent.
    Because PVA sizing is available with zero organic HAP, and this 
represents the emission rate achieved by the majority of sources in 
this subcategory and by the ``best similar source,'' the MACT floor for 
existing, new, and reconstructed sources is the pollution prevention 
option of zero organic HAP in the sizing material ``as purchased.''
    Dyeing and finishing subcategory. Quantitative data on dyeing 
materials usage were received from 41 sources. Similarly, quantitative 
data on finishing materials usage were received from 31 sources. All of 
the information in the dyeing and finishing MACT database is 
confidential; therefore, no individual facility data are presented in 
this preamble.
    Qualitative information providing descriptions of dyeing and 
finishing processes, pollution prevention opportunities, and 
verification that add-on control technologies generally are not used on 
dyeing and finishing HAP emission sources were also obtained from site 
visits and industry trade groups such as the ATMI. The qualitative data 
provide a representation of the dyeing and finishing industry and 
verify that the MACT database is reflective of the variety of dyeing 
and finishing processes that are used by the affected sources that will 
be subject to the proposed rule.
    The MACT floors for dyeing and finishing were evaluated on the 
basis of the HAP content of the purchased materials used in the dyes 
and finishes applied. There are currently no emission controls used to 
reduce HAP emissions from dyeing operations. The few emission controls 
used on finishing operations were installed to reduce opacity and most 
are not efficient at reducing HAP emissions. Furthermore, no emission 
factors have been developed for dyeing or finishing operations and the 
split of emissions, particularly from dyeing, are dependent on site 
specific conditions such as the unit operations the textile passes 
through in the process range, the types of equipment used for the 
process, the dye or finish chemistry, and the process conditions, e.g., 
the points in the process where the textile is subjected to heat. 
Finally, the available data include information on the HAP content of 
the dyeing or finishing materials used annually and HAP emission 
estimates based on the mass of HAP contained in the materials used in 
the process. Defining the MACT floor in terms of the mass of HAP per 
mass of purchased materials (weight percent HAP in the purchased 
materials) correlates directly to HAP emissions, serves to reduce the 
HAP emissions at the source, and is not dependent on the split of 
emissions between different unit operations in the process range or 
between media (air and water).
    For this analysis, we determined that a total of 30 of the 41 
sources with dyeing processes in the MACT database are major or 
synthetic minor HAP emission sources and 12 of the 29 sources with 
finishing processes in the MACT database are major or synthetic minor 
HAP emission sources. Eleven sources with dyeing processes could not be 
used in the MACT floor analysis for the following reasons: one source 
has been shut down, nine are area sources, and the title V HAP status 
of one source has not been determined. Similarly, 19 sources with 
finishing process information could not be used in the MACT floor 
analysis for the following reasons: one source has been shut down, one 
reported only coating process information, 15 are area sources of HAP 
emissions, and the title V HAP status of two sources has not been 
determined. Information from the sources with indeterminate title V HAP 
status was examined to determine if any of the sources could 
potentially be MACT floor sources. None was determined to be a MACT 
floor source. Separate MACT floor analyses were done for dyeing and 
finishing, as described in the following paragraphs.
    We evaluated two different approaches for determining the MACT 
floor in weight percent organic HAP in dyeing materials. The dyeing 
survey collected information on the organic HAP content of dyes and of 
auxiliary chemicals, which we refer to in this discussion as ``dye 
materials.'' There are 11 chemical dye classes in which these dye 
materials are classified. In the first approach to determining the MACT 
floor, we determined the weight percent organic HAP in dye materials 
for each source in the MACT floor database, without regard to the dye 
classes used at each source. To calculate the weight percent organic 
HAP, the mass of organic HAP in dye materials as purchased was 
calculated and divided by the total mass of dye materials purchased. 
The result was multiplied by 100 to calculate the weight percent HAP in 
dye materials purchased by each source. For the four best-performing 
sources (12 percent of 30 sources), each of which reported zero organic 
HAP in dye materials as purchased, the calculated MACT floor was zero 
weight percent organic HAP. However, under this approach only three of 
the 11 dye classes reported in the dyeing survey were represented in 
the MACT floor.
    Since the choice of a dye class depends on many factors, including 
substrate, color (market driven), end use of the dyed substrate, and 
quality (e.g., dye fastness), and cannot be made purely on the basis of 
organic HAP content of the materials, we chose a second approach to 
determining the MACT floor that would represent all of the dye classes 
reported in the dyeing survey. Under this second approach, a MACT floor 
analysis was done for each dye class in the database. For each dye 
class, the weight percent organic HAP in dye materials purchased was 
calculated for each source using the dye class. The usage of different 
dye classes varied across the sources. Some dye classes were used by as 
few as two sources while others were used by as many as 14 sources. 
Therefore, the number of best-performing sources for each dye class was 
either one or two (taking 12 percent of the number of sources using the 
dye class and rounding up to the next whole number).
    To determine the MACT floor for dyeing, we calculated a weighted 
average organic HAP content of dye materials as purchased from the dye 
class MACT floors, using the total mass of dye materials used by the 
MACT floor source or sources for each dye class to weight the dye class 
MACT floor organic HAP contents. The dyeing MACT floor organic HAP 
content in materials as purchased was determined to be 1.58 weight 
percent for existing sources.
    No technology has been identified that could achieve a lower 
organic HAP content in materials as purchased. Therefore, the dyeing 
MACT floor organic HAP content in materials as purchased for new and 
reconstructed sources was also determined to be 1.58 weight percent.
    Since the choice of a finish class depends on the desired 
characteristics of the finished substrate and cannot be made solely on 
the basis of the HAP content of the finish, we also chose the approach 
of calculating the MACT floor that would represent all of the finish 
classes reported in the finishing survey. As was the case for dyeing, a 
MACT floor analysis was done for each finish class in the database. The 
finishing survey collected information on the organic HAP content of 
each finish class as purchased. In some cases, sources reported 
different chemistry for finishes within the same finish class for use 
on different products. Therefore, for each

[[Page 46046]]

finish class used by each source, the weight percent organic HAP in 
finishing materials purchased was calculated by determining the total 
mass of organic HAP in finishing materials as purchased for the finish 
class (sum of the mass of organic HAP in different formulations within 
the finish class), divided by the total mass of finishing materials 
purchased for the finish class (sum of mass of finishing materials 
purchased within the finish class) multiplied by 100. The one source 
(12 percent of the number of sources reporting use of the finish class, 
which ranged from one to eight) reporting the lowest weight percent 
organic HAP in finishing materials for each finish class was chosen as 
the floor affected source. The usage of different finish classes varied 
across the sources. Some finish classes were used by only one source 
while others were used by as many as eight sources. Therefore, there 
was only one best-performing source for each finish class (taking 12 
percent of the number of sources using the finish class and rounding up 
to one).
    To determine the MACT floor for finishing, we calculated a weighted 
average organic HAP content of finishing materials as purchased from 
the finish class MACT floors, using the total mass of finishing 
materials used by the MACT floor source for each finish class to weight 
the finish class MACT floor organic HAP contents. The weighted average 
organic HAP content in finishing materials as purchased was determined 
to be 0.03 weight percent for existing sources. As was the case for the 
slashing subcategory MACT floor, for the purpose of determining the 
mass fraction of organic HAP in a finishing material, each organic HAP 
that is not an OSHA-defined carcinogen as specified in 29 CFR 
1910.1200(d)(4) and that is measured to be present at less than 1 
percent, is counted as zero. Therefore, the finishing MACT floor for 
existing sources is zero organic HAP in finishing materials as 
purchased.
    No technology has been identified that could achieve a lower 
organic HAP content in finishing materials as purchased. Therefore, the 
finishing MACT floor for new and reconstructed sources was also 
determined to be zero organic HAP in finishing materials as purchased.
    How did we consider beyond-the-floor technology? After the MACT 
floors have been determined for new or reconstructed and existing 
sources in a source category or subcategory, we must set emission 
standards that are no less stringent than the floors. Such standards 
must then be met by all sources within the category or subcategory. We 
identify and consider any reasonable regulatory alternatives that are 
``beyond-the-floor,'' taking into account emissions reductions, cost, 
non-air quality health and environmental impacts, and energy 
requirements. These alternatives may be different for new or 
reconstructed and existing sources because of different MACT floors, 
and separate standards may be established for new and existing sources.
    Coating and printing subcategory. The beyond-the-floor levels of 
control for coating and printing, to be considered, must be greater 
than an OCE of 97 percent for existing sources. The floor for existing 
sources was based on the use of control equipment with a control 
efficiency of 97 percent and a capture efficiency of 100 percent. In 
addition, we applied the 97 percent MACT floor OCE to a pre-controlled 
HAP emission rate representative for this industry to calculate an 
alternative emission rate limit.
    We identified two regulatory alternatives more stringent than the 
existing source MACT floor level of control for organic HAP and the 
alternative emission rate limit. These alternatives were conversion to 
coating and printing materials that have a very low, or no, organic HAP 
content and use of add-on capture systems and add-on control devices to 
achieve an OCE of 98 percent.
    Lower-organic-HAP liquid coatings fall into two primary categories. 
The most common category is waterborne coatings, which allow the mixing 
of certain materials that would be incompatible in organic solvent 
borne coatings. The second category is higher solids coatings that 
result from alternate technologies such as ultraviolet (UV)-curable 
coatings and electron beam (EB)-curable coatings. Some urethane 
coatings can be applied with a thermal process. These coatings do not 
employ organic HAP or VOC to keep the pigment and other components of 
the coating in solution until curing. Therefore, organic HAP emissions 
are very small.
    These lower-organic-HAP coatings are currently in production use 
for some products in the coating industry, but their applicability is 
limited in that, for some products, these coatings are not able to 
achieve the desired final product characteristics. Similarly, low-
organic-HAP or waterborne printing materials are used for the majority 
of printed products, but these printing materials are not able to 
achieve the desired final product characteristics for certain products, 
such as designer and fashion apparel, requiring the use of higher 
organic HAP printing materials. Given the limited applicability of 
waterborne, UV-curable, EB-curable, and thermal (hot-melt) coating and 
waterborne printing materials, we do not believe it is feasible to 
require the use of these coating and printing materials and rejected 
them as a beyond-the-floor option for organic HAP.
    It is technically feasible to reduce emissions from affected 
sources by at least 98 percent through the use of capture systems and 
add-on control devices. Based on the model plants analysis used to 
estimate the impacts of the proposed rule, the incremental HAP 
reductions that could be achieved by using capture systems and add-on 
control devices to comply with a ``beyond-the-floor'' alternative of 98 
percent reduction would range from about 0.09 megagram (Mg) (0.1 ton) 
to about 3.8 Mg (4.2 tons) per affected source. The 98 percent 
reduction alternative would result in an estimated additional HAP 
reduction of 32 tons per year. To achieve this small incremental HAP 
emissions reductions, existing affected sources would have to upgrade 
or replace most existing add-on control systems. We believe the 
incremental emissions reductions that would be achieved at this time 
are not supported by the additional cost that many existing sources 
would incur to upgrade or replace existing add-on control systems. 
Therefore, we rejected requiring 98 percent overall control as a 
beyond-the-floor option for organic HAP at existing sources in the 
coating and printing subcategory.
    The beyond-the-floor levels of control for coating and printing, to 
be considered, must be greater than an OCE of 98 percent for new or 
reconstructed affected sources. The new source floor was based on the 
use of control equipment with a destruction efficiency of 98 percent 
and a capture efficiency of 100 percent. Vendors could not guarantee 
greater than 98 percent destruction efficiency for the operating 
conditions experienced in coating and printing and over the life of the 
equipment.
    The use of low HAP containing coating and printing materials was 
considered for a beyond-the-floor option for new or reconstructed 
sources. However, as is explained above for existing sources, it was 
determined that some products in the coating and printing industry 
cannot meet certain performance characteristics with low-organic-HAP 
coating and printing materials.
    For these reasons, we determined that requiring beyond-the-floor 
emission limits for new or reconstructed sources is not practicable for 
this subcategory.

[[Page 46047]]

    Slashing subcategory. The MACT floors for new or reconstructed 
sources and existing sources in the slashing subcategory are based on 
pollution prevention options reflecting the use of non-HAP materials. 
There is no beyond-the-floor technology that could achieve a lower 
organic HAP content in materials as purchased than zero percent.
    Dyeing and finishing subcategory. The MACT floors for new or 
reconstructed sources and existing sources in the dyeing and finishing 
subcategory represent pollution prevention options reflecting the use 
of low- and non-HAP materials. No beyond-the-floor technology has been 
identified that could achieve a lower-organic-HAP content in materials 
as purchased and would be applicable to all products for dyeing 
operations; and zero percent HAP is the lowest-organic-HAP content in 
materials as purchased for finishing operations that can be achieved.
    How did we select the proposed standards? For existing sources in 
each subcategory, we based the proposed standards on the existing 
source MACT floor. As described earlier, we determined that beyond-the-
floor options were not technically or economically feasible for all 
existing sources. For the same reasons, we based the proposed standards 
for new or reconstructed sources in each subcategory on the new source 
MACT floor.
    We note here that our assumption, used in the development of the 
MACT floors, that 100 percent of the organic HAP in the materials used 
are emitted by the affected source would not apply when the source 
sends waste organic HAP-containing materials to a facility for 
treatment or disposal. We made that assumption because the industry 
survey responses provided little information as to the amount of 
organic HAP recovered and recycled or treated and disposed. We, 
therefore, concluded that that practice may not be common within the 
printing, coating, and dyeing industry. We recognize, however, that 
some large affected sources may conduct such activities and should be 
allowed to account for such activities in determining their emissions. 
Thus, the proposed rule allows you to reduce the organic HAP emissions 
by the amount of any organic HAP contained in waste treated or disposed 
at a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility that is 
regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
    Coating and printing subcategory. In the coating and printing 
subcategory, the MACT levels of control for new or reconstructed and 
existing sources can be achieved in several different ways. Many 
sources would be able to upgrade existing or install new emission 
control systems to comply with the MACT floor OCE. Sources using 
oxidizers to control organic HAP emissions with low inlet loadings may 
be able to comply with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration 
limit. Some sources would be able to use low- or non-HAP coating and 
printing materials, or a combination of low-HAP coating and printing 
materials and emission control systems to comply with the emission rate 
limit. If a source is also using thinning or cleaning materials that 
contain organic HAP, then it may be able to switch to lower-HAP or non-
HAP thinning and cleaning materials, which are widely available, to 
reduce the sourcewide organic HAP emission rate to the MACT level.
    Slashing subcategory. In the slashing subcategory, sources can use 
readily available slashing materials that comply with the emission rate 
limit.
    Dyeing and finishing subcategory. Sources in the dyeing and 
finishing subcategory can use dyeing and finishing materials that 
comply with the emission rate limit. If certain products require the 
use of higher-HAP materials, sources in the dyeing and finishing 
subcategory also can comply with the affected source organic HAP 
emission rate limit by averaging across all dyeing and/or finishing 
materials used.

E. How Did We Select the Format of the Proposed Standards?

    Numerical emission standards are required by section 112(h) of the 
CAA unless we can justify that it is not feasible to prescribe or 
enforce an emission standard, in which case a design, equipment, work 
practice, or operational standard can be set.
    We selected the format of the proposed standards for the coating 
and printing subcategory to be an overall percent reduction of 
emissions, taking into account both capture and control system 
efficiencies. Data available to us regarding the efficiency of capture 
and control systems used in this industry indicate that overall 
efficiency is typically determined by a performance test for capture 
systems and oxidizers and liquid-liquid material balance for solvent 
recovery systems. The proposed standards allow for determining OCE 
through a variety of mechanisms to be consistent with industry 
practices. We selected this format because it reflects MACT at all 
affected sources and allows flexibility in the method selected for 
achieving the percent reduction limit.
    To encourage the use of low- and non-HAP materials in coating and 
printing operations, alternative standards based on HAP content are 
also proposed that will achieve HAP reductions comparable to the 
overall percent reduction limit. The format of the proposed alternative 
standards is mass of organic HAP per mass of coating solids. The 
performance-based nature of the proposed format would allow coating 
operation owners and operators flexibility in choosing any combination 
of means (including coating reformulation, use of lower-HAP or non-HAP 
materials, solvent elimination, and add-on control devices) to comply 
with the emission limits that is workable for their particular 
situations.
    We selected the format of the proposed standards for the slashing 
and the dyeing and finishing subcategories to be mass of organic HAP 
per mass of materials used in the process. The format promotes a 
pollution prevention approach to reducing emissions from these 
processes and limits organic HAP emissions from the various sources of 
emissions without requiring a site-specific determination of the split 
of organic HAP between air and water and the distribution of organic 
HAP emissions between potential emission sources. The overall percent 
reduction in emissions format that we are proposing for the coating and 
printing subcategory is not appropriate for the slashing subcategory or 
the dyeing and finishing subcategory because organic HAP emission 
controls are not used to reduce emissions from these processes.
    In lieu of emission standards, section 112(h) of the CAA allows 
work practice standards or other requirements to be established in the 
following situations: when a pollutant cannot be emitted through a 
conveyance or capture system, or when measurement is not practicable 
because of technological and economic limitations. Many printing, 
coating and dyeing sources use some type of work practice measure to 
reduce HAP emissions from mixing, cleaning, storage, and waste handling 
areas as part of their standard operating procedures. They use these 
measures to decrease solvent usage and minimize exposure to workers. 
However, we do not have data to quantify accurately the emissions 
reductions achievable by the work practice measures. The level of 
emissions depends on the type of equipment used and the work practices 
used at the affected source and would be very site-specific. For 
example, emissions from solvent-laden rags used to clean coating 
application stations would depend on the method used to isolate and 
store such rags. In addition to lacking adequate data and information 
to quantify an emissions

[[Page 46048]]

level for such operations, it is not practicable to measure emissions 
from these operations since they often occur in large open areas not 
amenable to testing. Therefore, work practice standards are appropriate 
for such operations under section 112(h) of the CAA.
    Under the options where emissions are reduced by using low- or non-
HAP materials, we assume that all the organic HAP in the materials 
entering the affected source are volatilized (emitted). Therefore, 
emissions from operations occurring within the affected source (e.g., 
mixing operations) are accounted for in the determination of total 
materials usage at the affected source. However, when you comply by 
using capture systems and add-on control devices, emissions from 
mixing, storage, and waste handling operations are often not routed to 
the add-on control devices and would not be practicable to measure for 
inclusion in a determination of compliance with the emission limit. 
Therefore, the proposed rule would require development and 
implementation of an emission reduction work practice plan to assure 
that emissions are reduced from such operations.

F. How Did We Select the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?

    The proposed standards would allow you to choose among several 
methods to demonstrate compliance with the proposed standards for 
organic HAP: use of materials which individually contain low or no 
organic HAP; achieving an overall organic HAP emission rate from all 
materials that is less than the applicable emission rate limit; or, for 
coating and printing affected sources, capture systems and add-on 
control devices.
    Materials with low- or no-organic-HAP. You would be required to 
document the organic HAP content of all materials and show that each is 
less than the applicable emission limit. You would also have to show 
that each thinner and each cleaning material used contains no organic 
HAP. You would use manufacturer's formulation data to document the 
organic HAP content of slashing materials and would have the option of 
using manufacturer's formulation data to document the organic HAP 
content of coating, printing, dyeing, finishing, cleaning and thinning 
materials.
    Method 311 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass 
fraction of organic HAP in coatings and has been used in surface 
coating NESHAP. We have not identified any other methods that provide 
advantages over Method 311 for use in the proposed standards.
    Method 24 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass 
fractions of volatile matter and solids for coatings and can be used if 
you choose to determine the nonaqueous volatile matter content as a 
surrogate for organic HAP. In other standards, VOC emission control 
measures have been implemented in coating industries with Method 24 as 
the compliance method. We have not identified any other methods that 
provide advantages over Method 24 for use in the proposed standards.
    Overall organic HAP emission rate. To demonstrate initial 
compliance for coating and printing operations using this option, you 
would calculate the organic HAP emission rate for one or more coating 
and printing operation in the affected source, based on the mass of 
organic HAP in all coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials 
and the mass of coating solids used during the compliance period. 
Similarly, for dyeing and finishing operations, you would calculate the 
mass of organic HAP in all dyeing, finishing and cleaning materials 
used during the compliance period. You would be required to demonstrate 
that the organic HAP emission rate does not exceed the applicable 
emission limit using the methods discussed previously.
    Capture systems and add-on control devices. If you use a capture 
system and add-on control device, other than a solvent recovery device 
for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would be 
required to conduct an initial performance test of the system to 
determine its OCE or oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration. For a 
solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material 
balance, you would determine the quantity of volatile matter applied 
and the quantity recovered during the initial compliance period to 
determine its OCE.
    If you are demonstrating compliance with the organic HAP emission 
rate with add-on controls option, the OCE would be combined with the 
monthly mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing, thinning, and 
cleaning materials used to calculate the monthly HAP emission rate in 
kg HAP/kg of coating solids.
    If you conduct a performance test, you would also determine 
parameter operating limits during the test. The test methods that the 
proposed standards would require for the performance test are required 
under many standards of performance for industrial surface coating 
sources under 40 CFR part 60 and NESHAP under 40 CFR part 63. We have 
not identified any other methods that provide advantages over these 
methods.

G. How Did We Select the Continuous Compliance Requirements?

    To demonstrate continuous compliance with the proposed monthly 
emission limits, you would also need records of the quantity of 
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials used and the data and calculations supporting your 
determination of their organic HAP content. If you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances, you would need records of the quantity of 
volatile matter used and the quantity recovered by the solvent recovery 
system each month.
    To ensure continuous compliance with the proposed organic HAP 
emission limits and operating limits, the proposed standards would 
require continuous parameter monitoring of capture systems and add-on 
control devices and recordkeeping. We selected the following 
requirements based on reasonable cost, ease of execution, and 
usefulness of the resulting data to both the owners or operators and 
EPA for ensuring continuous compliance with the emission limits and 
operating limits.
    We are proposing that certain parameters be continuously monitored 
for the types of capture systems and add-on control devices commonly 
used in the industry. These monitoring parameters are used in other 
standards for similar industries. The values of these parameters that 
correspond to compliance with the proposed emission limits are 
established during the initial or most recent performance test that 
demonstrates compliance. These values are your operating limits for the 
capture system and add-on control device.
    You would be required to determine 3-hour average values for most 
monitored parameters for the affected source. We selected this 
averaging period to reflect operating conditions during the performance 
test to ensure the control system is continuously operating at the same 
or better control level as during a performance test demonstrating 
compliance with the emission limits.

H. How Did We Select the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting 
Requirements?

    You would be required to comply with the applicable requirements in 
the NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as 
described in Table 2 of the proposed subpart OOOO. We evaluated the 
General Provisions requirements and included those we

[[Page 46049]]

determined to be the minimum notification, recordkeeping, and reporting 
necessary to ensure compliance with and effective enforcement of the 
proposed standards, modifying them as appropriate for the fabric and 
other textiles printing, coating, and dyeing industry.

I. How Did We Select the Compliance Date?

    You would be allowed 3 years to comply with the final standards for 
existing affected sources. This is the maximum period allowed by the 
CAA. We believe that 3 years for compliance is necessary to allow 
adequate time to accommodate the variety of compliance methods that 
existing sources may use. Some sources in this category would need this 
3-year maximum amount of time to develop and test reformulated coating, 
printing, dyeing and finishing materials. We want to encourage the use 
of these pollution prevention technologies. In addition, time would be 
needed to establish records management systems required for enforcement 
purposes. Some sources may need the time to purchase and install 
emission capture and control systems. In such cases, you would need to 
obtain a permit for the use of add-on controls, which will require time 
for approval from the permitting authority.
    The CAA requires that new or reconstructed affected sources comply 
with standards immediately upon startup or the effective date of the 
final rule, whichever is later.

IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts

    The proposed standards will affect an estimated 135 major sources 
that perform coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing 
operations. The impacts are presented relative to a baseline reflecting 
the level of control prior to the standards. Due to consolidation 
throughout the industry, there is expected to be little growth within 
the printing, coating and dyeing industry during the next 5 years. Only 
three new coating sources and no new printing, slashing, dyeing, or 
finishing sources are projected. For more information on how impacts 
were estimated, see the docket for the proposed rule.

A. What Are the Air Impacts?

    We estimated that compliance with the proposed emission limits 
would result in reductions of nationwide organic HAP emissions of 4,104 
tpy (3,723 Mg/yr). This represents a reduction of 60 percent from the 
baseline organic HAP emissions of 6,820 tpy (6,187 Mg/yr). Table 2 to 
this preamble gives a summary of the primary air impacts by subcategory 
associated with implementation of the rule as proposed.

                  Table 2.--Summary of Primary Air Impacts by Subcategory for Existing Sources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Emissions       Emissions       Emission
                   Subcategory                     before NESHAP   after NESHAP      reduction        Percent
                                                       (tpy)           (tpy)           (tpy)         reduction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coating and Printing............................           5,571           2,389           3,182              57
Dyeing and Finishing............................             901             153             748              83
Slashing........................................             348             174             174              50
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
    Source Category Nationwide Total............           6,820           2,716           4,104              60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. What Are the Cost Impacts?

    We have estimated the costs related to complying with the emission 
limitations and meeting the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting 
requirements. The costs to comply with the emission limitations include 
the costs of adding or upgrading emission control systems; the 
increased cost of compliant, low-formaldehyde permanent press finishes; 
and the cost of performance testing emission control systems. We have 
assumed for this analysis that all sources with affected slashing and 
dyeing operations will comply through the use of reformulated slashing, 
dyeing, thinning, and cleaning materials, and that these materials can 
be utilized without the need for capital expenditures. Annual costs for 
meeting the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of 
the proposed rule have also been included.
    To comply with the proposed standards, coating and printing 
affected sources that are not currently in compliance would likely use 
either upgraded existing emission control systems or new emission 
control systems. We estimated the capital and annual costs of carbon 
adsorbers, thermal oxidizers, catalytic oxidizers and coating rooms, 
using model plants based on information in our facility database. We 
examined the current level of control reported by each source in the 
database to determine control measures and associated model plant costs 
required to achieve compliance with the proposed emission limits. 
Control costs estimated for the database sources were extrapolated to 
nationwide totals.
    The dyeing and finishing compliance options are based on the use of 
low-HAP materials. Qualitative information concerning pollution 
prevention measures gathered from stakeholder meetings and site visits 
indicated that there would be substantial costs incurred in reducing 
the formaldehyde content of permanent press resins. We used information 
collected from a research and marketing company and textile chemical 
suppliers to estimate the incremental cost to produce finished fabric, 
using a compliant resin versus a formaldehyde resin. The incremental 
cost was applied to the quantity of fabric estimated to currently be 
finished with non-compliant formaldehyde resins.
    Performance testing costs for coating and printing sources using 
add-on control systems to comply with the standard include the labor 
hours required to conduct performance testing and monitoring on each 
emission capture system and add-on control device used and to develop 
the associated data elements for recordkeeping and reporting purposes. 
Recordkeeping and reporting includes all labor hours related to 
installing recordkeeping and reporting systems, developing SSMP, 
initial notification, compliance status notification, performance test 
notification, performance test report, materials usage tracking, 
training personnel, and monitoring deviations and SSMP reports and 
recordkeeping.
    We estimate total capital costs, in 1997 dollars, for the 
approximately 135 existing major sources to be $18.8 million and annual 
costs, in 1997 dollars, to be $14.5 million. These annual costs include 
approximately $5.6 million associated with add-on control systems for 
coating and printing operations, $7.5 million in direct costs 
associated with finishing material usage,

[[Page 46050]]

and $1.4 million in monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping costs.
    The only new source costs would be for the three projected new 
coating sources. New coating sources would not install controls beyond 
those required for new source review, and these controls would meet the 
proposed new source limit. They would incur no capital costs, and we 
estimate their annual costs to be a total of $13,000 to comply with the 
proposed rule's monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements.

C. What Are the Economic Impacts?

    The Agency prepared an economic impact analysis to evaluate the 
impacts the proposed rule would have on the producers and consumers of 
fabric and other textiles coating, printing, dyeing and finishing 
products, and society as a whole. Overall, the analysis indicates a 
minimal change in the prices, production quantities, and international 
trade of coated, printed, dyed, and finished products.
    Social costs take into account changes in behavior by producers and 
consumers due to the imposition of compliance costs from the proposed 
rule. Based on the estimated compliance costs associated with the 
proposed rule and the predicted changes in price and production in the 
affected industries, the estimated annual social cost of the proposed 
rule is projected to be $14.5 million (2000 dollars). It is projected 
that producers of coated, printed, dyed and finished fabrics would 
absorb $10.4 million, while the remaining $4.1 million would be passed 
through to consumers.
    We estimate that prices for coated, printed, dyed, and finished 
fabrics and other textiles would increase by less than one-tenth of one 
percent as a result of the proposed standards. Production quantities of 
coated, printed, dyed, and finished fabrics and other textiles would 
decline by the same magnitude, one-tenth of a percent, as well.
    The effects of the proposed rule on international trade of coated, 
printed, dyed, and finished fabric and other textiles were also 
estimated. Because the predicted changes in price for both coated, 
printed, dyed, and finished fabric and other textiles are small, trade 
of these products is not expected to be significantly affected. We 
expect that imports of both coated and finished fabrics and other 
textiles would increase by less than one-tenth of a percent.
    For new sources, it can be reasonably assumed that the investment 
decision to enter the coating, printing, dyeing and finishing industry 
may be slightly altered as a result of the proposed rule; however, 
other factors will weigh more heavily in this decision. For example, 
current economic trends have shown a continuous decline of the textile 
market as more manufacturing moves abroad. Only three new coating 
sources are projected to come on-line in the 5 years following 
promulgation of the rule, and no additional printing, slashing, dyeing 
or fabric finishing sources are projected. The three new coating 
sources that are projected to come on-line would incure a total of only 
$13,000 in annual costs to meet the requirements of the proposed 
standards.
    Quantified economic impacts of the proposed rule on printed, dyed, 
and slashed fabric products were not calculated in the economic impact 
analysis because the compliance costs for the sources that produce 
these products are minimal and relate only to monitoring, 
recordkeeping, and reporting activities. Based on a qualitative 
analysis of the printing, dyeing, and slashing markets, we have 
determined that the impact on the prices and quantities of these 
products would be insignificant. We have also determined that 
international trade of these products would not be significantly 
affected. For more information, refer to the ``Economic Impact Analysis 
of the Proposed Textile Coating, Printing, Dyeing and Finishing 
NESHAP'' in the docket for the proposed rule.

D. What Are the Non-Air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?

    Based on information from industry survey responses, we found no 
indication that the use of low-organic HAP content coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials at 
existing sources would result in any increase or decrease in non-air 
health, environmental, and energy impacts. There would be no change in 
the utility requirements associated with the use of these materials, so 
there would be no change in the amount of energy consumed as a result 
of the material conversion. Also, there would be no significant change 
in the amount of materials used or the amount of waste produced.
    Non-air environmental and energy impacts would result from the 
installation of new and the upgrade of existing add-on controls by 
affected sources in the coating and printing subcategory. Affected 
sources adding carbon adsorber systems would require increased cooling 
water usage for the condenser used to recover organic HAP from the 
regenerated carbon, and in certain situations for spray towers to cool 
the gas entering the carbon adsorber. The estimated increase in 
nationwide total cooling water usage would be 70.3 million gallons per 
year. The cooling water is assumed not to result in wastewater. There 
would be a small increase in water usage for steam to regenerate 
carbon. The steam used to regenerate carbon yields water requiring 
wastewater treatment. The estimated increase in nationwide total 
wastewater generation would be 3.8 million gallons per year.
    Affected sources using existing catalytic oxidizers to comply with 
the proposed emission limits probably would be required to install 
larger volumes of catalysts and to replace the catalysts more 
frequently than current replacement cycles to maintain high performance 
levels, resulting in a small increase in solid waste generation. 
Similarly, affected sources that currently do not operate emission 
control systems and that install catalytic oxidizers to comply with the 
proposed emission limits would increase solid waste generation. 
Sometimes the spent catalyst is regenerated by the manufacturer for 
reuse. Activated carbon used in carbon adsorbers is returned to the 
manufacturer at the end of its useful life and converted to other 
salable products. Little solid waste impact is expected from this 
source.
    Energy requirements for implementation of the compliance options 
for coating and printing affected sources would include electricity to 
collect and treat ventilation air, electricity to light PTE, and 
natural gas to provide supplemental fuel for stable operation of 
oxidizers. The estimated increase in nationwide total electricity usage 
would be almost 2.8 million kilowatt hours per year and the estimated 
nationwide total natural gas usage would increase by about 195 million 
standard cubic feet per year.

V. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), EPA 
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and 
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and 
the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order defines 
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a 
rule that may:
    (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or 
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or

[[Page 46051]]

State, local, or tribal governments or communities;
    (2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an 
action taken or planned by another agency;
    (3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, 
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients 
thereof; or
    (4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal 
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in 
the Executive Order.
    Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, the proposed rule 
was determined to not be a significant regulatory action because none 
of the listed criteria apply to this action. Consequently, this action 
was not submitted to OMB for review under Executive Order 12866.

B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism

    Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure 
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the 
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.'' 
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the 
Executive Order to include rules that have ``substantial direct effects 
on the States, on the relationship between the national government and 
the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among 
the various levels of government.'' Under Section 6 of Executive Order 
13132, EPA may not issue a rule that has federalism implications, that 
imposes substantial direct compliance costs, and that is not required 
by statute, unless the Federal government provides the funds necessary 
to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by State and local 
governments, or EPA consults with State and local officials early in 
the process of developing the proposed rule. The EPA also may not issue 
a rule that has federalism implications and that preempts State law, 
unless the Agency consults with State and local officials early in the 
process of developing the proposed rule.
    The proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will 
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship 
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution 
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, 
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Thus, the requirements of 
Section 6 of the Executive Order do not apply to the proposed rule. 
Although Section 6 of Executive Order 13132 does not apply to the 
proposed rule, EPA did consult with State and local officials to enable 
them to provide timely input in the development of the proposed rule.

C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian 
Tribal Governments

    Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination 
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000), 
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful 
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory 
policies that have tribal implications.''
    The proposed rule does not have tribal implications, as specified 
in Executive Order 13175. No tribal governments own or operate 
printing, coating, and dyeing affected sources. Thus, Executive Order 
13175 does not apply to the proposed rule.
    The EPA specifically solicits additional comment on the proposed 
rule from tribal officials.

D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies 
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant'' 
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an 
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may 
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action 
meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health 
or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the 
planned rule is preferable to other potentially effective and 
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that 
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has 
the potential to influence the rule. The proposed rule is not subject 
to Executive Order 13045 because it does not establish an environmental 
standard based on an assessment of health or safety risks. No 
children's risk analysis was performed because no alternative 
technologies exist that would provide greater stringency at a 
reasonable cost. Furthermore, the proposed rule has been determined not 
to be ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order 
12866.

E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    The proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 
28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not a significant regulatory action 
under Executive Order 12866.

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public 
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal 
governments and the private sector. Under Section 202 of the UMRA, EPA 
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit 
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that 
may result in expenditures by State, local, and tribal governments, in 
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 
1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement 
is needed, Section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify 
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt 
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative 
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of Section 205 
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, 
Section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least 
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the 
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that 
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory 
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small 
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under 
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must 
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling 
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely 
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant 
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and 
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory 
requirements.
    The EPA has determined that the proposed rule does not contain a 
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more 
for State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the 
private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annual

[[Page 46052]]

cost of the proposed rule for any year has been estimated to be $14.5 
million. Thus, today's proposed rule is not subject to the requirements 
of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, EPA has determined 
that the proposed rule contains no regulatory requirements that might 
significantly or uniquely affect small governments because it contains 
no requirements that apply to such governments or impose obligations 
upon them. Therefore, today's proposed rule is not subject to the 
requirements of section 203 of the UMRA.

G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business 
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1966 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.

    The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory 
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment 
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any 
other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small 
governmental jurisdictions.
    For the purposes of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule 
on small entities, ``small entity'' is defined as: (1) A small business 
according to Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards by 
NAICS code ranging from 500 to 1,000 employees; (2) a small 
governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town, 
school district or special district with a population of less than 
50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit 
enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not 
dominant in its field.
    We applied the definition of a small business as provided by the 
SBA at 13 CFR 121, and classified by the NAICS. The firms owning 
sources directly affected by the proposed rule are generally classified 
by the NAICS codes 313210 (Broadwoven Fabric Mills), 313311 (Broadwoven 
Fabric Finishing Mills), 313320 (Fabric Coating Mills), and 313312 
(Textile and Fabric Finishing (except Broadwoven Fabric) Mills).
    The SBA defines small businesses in NAICS codes 313210, 313311, and 
313320 as those with fewer than 1000 employees (as described in (1) 
above). In NAICS code 313312, the SBA defines a small business as one 
with fewer than 500 employees. In the past several years, production in 
the textile manufacturing industry has become more capital intensive, 
thus utilizing smaller numbers of employees. This leads a substantial 
fraction of the companies in the fabric and other textiles coating, 
printing, finishing, dyeing, and slashing source category to be 
considered small businesses based on SBA's small business size 
standards.
    After considering the economic impacts of today's proposed rule on 
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant 
impact on a substantial number of small entities.
    The EPA identified 40 small companies classified as owning coating 
operations by NAICS 313320. Of these 40 small coating companies, 22 (55 
percent) are projected to face zero compliance costs. Fifteen (37.5 
percent) face costs less than 1 percent of their sales, and two (5 
percent) have cost-to-sales ratios between 1 and 3 percent. Only one 
(2.5 percent) of these companies has a cost-to-sales ratio that exceeds 
3 percent (3.2 percent). This analysis leads us to conclude that there 
is not a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities 
in the coating and printing subcategory.
    For the dyeing and finishing subcategory, the engineering analysis 
determined that at most five finishing businesses representing seven 
facilities, would face positive compliance costs in order to meet the 
requirements specified by the proposed NESHAP. Of these five firms, we 
were able to identify one company as large. This means that at most 
four small businesses face compliance costs associated with the 
proposed rule.
    The EPA did not possess sufficient data to identify the five 
finishing facilities expected to face compliance costs, so the small 
business analysis for finishers consisted of a sensitivity analysis of 
cost-to-sales ratios using minimum, mean, median, and maximum estimated 
compliance costs for finishing facilities. Sales data were available 
for 58 percent of all small business finishers EPA identified including 
those not subject to the rule. Using median compliance cost estimates 
for finishing sources, EPA found that only three companies had cost-to-
sales ratios between 1 and 3 percent and none had a cost-to-sales ratio 
exceeding 3 percent. This analysis leads us to conclude that there is 
not a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities in 
the dyeing and finishing subcategory.
    For the small and large companies that engage in dying and 
slashing, compliance costs are limited to monitoring, recordkeeping, 
and reporting costs. Based on a qualitative analysis, EPA concludes 
that the cost will be minimal.
    Although this proposed rule will not have a substantial impact on 
small entities, EPA nonetheless has tried to reduce the impact of this 
rule on small entities. We made an effort to identify the small 
businesses potentially impacted by this rule. For the coating and 
printing subcategory we contacted the State regulatory agency or the 
facility for every small business we identified. For the dyeing and 
finishing subcategory we determined there were few small businesses 
potentially impacted by the rule, but were unable to identify these 
facilities. We continue to be interested in the potential impacts of 
the proposed rule on small entities and welcome comments on issues 
related to such impacts.

H. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection requirements in the proposed rule have 
been submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 
44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq. An Information Collection Request (ICR) 
document has been prepared by EPA (ICR No. 2071.01) and a copy may be 
obtained from Sandy Farmer by mail at the Collection Strategies 
Division (2822), U.S. EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, 
DC 20460, by e-mail at [email protected], or by calling (202) 260-
2740. A copy may also be downloaded off the internet at http://www.epa.gov/icr. The information requirements are not effective until 
OMB approves them.
    The information requirements are based on notification, 
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the NESHAP General 
Provisions (subpart A of 40 CFR part 63), which are mandatory for all 
operators subject to national emission standards. These recordkeeping 
and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114 
of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to the EPA 
pursuant to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a 
claim of confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA 
policies set forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
    The proposed standards would require maintaining records of all 
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials data and calculations used to determine compliance. This 
information includes the amount (kg) used during each monthly 
compliance period, mass fraction organic HAP, and, for coating and 
printing materials only, mass fraction of solids.
    If an add-on control device is used, records must be kept of the 
capture efficiency of the capture system,

[[Page 46053]]

destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on control device, and the 
monitored operating parameters. In addition, records must be kept of 
each calculation of the affected sourcewide emissions for each monthly 
compliance period and all data, calculations, test results, and other 
supporting information used to determine this value.
    The monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting burden for this 
collection (averaged over the first 3 years after the effective date of 
the promulgated rule) is estimated to be 213 labor hours per affected 
source at a total annual cost of $1.4 million. This estimate includes, 
for affected sources with existing or newly-installed add-on control 
systems, a one-time performance test and report (with repeat tests 
where needed), one-time submission of a SSMP with semiannual reports 
for any event when the procedures in the plan were not followed, 
semiannual compliance status reports, and recordkeeping. There are no 
capital/startup costs associated with the monitoring requirements.
    Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources 
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or 
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time 
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize 
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and 
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and 
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to 
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; 
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; 
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; 
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's 
rules are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
    Comments are requested on the EPA's need for this information, the 
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods 
for minimizing respondent burden, including through the use of 
automated collection techniques. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments 
on the ICR to the Director, Collection Strategies Division (2822), U.S. 
EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460 (or by courier, 
send comments on the ICR to the Director, Collection Strategies 
Division (2822), U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW., Room 925H, West Tower, 
Washington, DC 20460; and to the Office of Information and Regulatory 
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th St., NW., 
Washington, DC 20503, marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.'' 
Include the ICR number in any correspondence. Since OMB is required to 
make a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60 days after July 
11, 2002, a comment to OMB is best assured of having its full effect if 
OMB receives it by August 12, 2002. The final rule will respond to any 
OMB or public comments on the information collection requirements 
contained in the proposed rule.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law No. 104-113, Sec. 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 
note), directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS) in its 
regulatory and procurement activities unless to do so would be 
inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. The VCS are 
technical standards (e.g., material specifications, test methods, 
sampling and analytical procedures, business practices) developed or 
adopted by one or more voluntary consensus bodies. The NTTAA directs 
EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency does 
not use available and applicable VCS.
    The proposed rule involves technical standards. The EPA proposes in 
the proposed rule to use EPA Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, 2G, 3, 
3A, 3B, 4, 24, 25, 25A, 204, 204A-F, and 311. Consistent with the 
NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify VCS in addition to these EPA 
methods. No applicable VCS were identified for EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 2D, 
2F, 2G, 204, and 204A-F. The search and review results have been 
documented and are placed in the docket for the proposed rule.
    The VCS ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas 
Analyses,'' is cited in the proposed rule for its manual method for 
measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide content of 
exhaust gas. This part of ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 is an acceptable 
alternative to Method 3B.
    Six VCS: ASTM D1475-90, ASTM D2369-95, ASTM D3792-91, ASTM D4017-
96a, ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 91), and ASTM D5403-93 are already 
incorporated by reference in EPA Method 24. Five VCS: ASTM D1979-91, 
ASTM D3432-89, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D4827-93, and ASTM PS 9-94 are 
incorporated by reference in EPA Method 311.
    In addition to the VCS EPA proposes to use in the proposed rule, 
the search for emissions monitoring procedures identified 16 other VCS. 
The EPA determined that ten of these 16 standards would not be 
practical due to lack of equivalency, detail, and/or quality assurance/
quality control requirements. Therefore, we do not propose to adopt 
these VCS in the proposed rule. The reasons for this determination for 
the ten methods are discussed below.
    The standard ISO 10780:1994, ``Stationary Source Emissions--
Measurement of Velocity and Volume Flowrate of Gas Streams in Ducts,'' 
is impractical as an alternative to EPA Method 2 in the proposed rule. 
This standard recommends the use of L-shaped pitots, which historically 
have not been recommended by EPA because the S type design has large 
openings which are less likely to plug up with dust.
    The standard ASTM D3464-96, ``Standard Test Method Average Velocity 
in a Duct Using a Thermal Anemometer,'' is impractical as an 
alternative to EPA Method 2 for the purposes of the proposed rule 
primarily because applicability specifications are not clearly defined, 
e.g., range of gas composition, temperature limits. Also, the lack of 
supporting quality assurance data for the calibration procedures and 
specifications, and certain variability issues that are not adequately 
addressed by the standard limit EPA's ability to make a definitive 
comparison of the method in these areas.
    The standard EN 12619:1999, ``Stationary Source Emissions--
Determination of the Mass Concentration of Total Gaseous Organic Carbon 
at Low Concentrations in Flue Gases--Continuous Flame Ionization 
Detector Method,'' is an impractical alternative to EPA Method 25A for 
the purposes of the proposed rule. This standard is impractical because 
it does not measure solvent process vapors in concentrations greater 
than 40 ppm carbon. A method whose upper limit is 40 ppm carbon has a 
measurement range too limited to be useful in measuring source 
emissions.
    Four of the ten VCS are impractical alternatives to EPA test 
methods for the purposes of the proposed rule because they are too 
general, too broad, or not sufficiently detailed to assure compliance 
with EPA regulatory requirements: ASTM 3796-90 (Reapproved 1996), 
``Standard Practice for Calibration of Type S Pitot Tubes,'' for EPA 
Method 2; ASTM D3271-87, ``Standard Practice for Direct Injection of 
Solvent-Reducible Paints into a Gas

[[Page 46054]]

Chromatograph for Solvent Analysis,'' for EPA Method 311; ASTM E337-84 
(Reapproved 1996), ``Standard Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a 
Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures),'' for 
EPA Method 4; and CAN/CSA Z223.2-M86(1986), ``Method for the Continuous 
Measurement of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur 
Dioxide, and Oxides of Nitrogen in Enclosed Combustion Flue Gas 
Streams,'' for EPA Method 3A.
    Three of the ten VCS are impractical alternatives to EPA test 
methods for the purposes of the proposed rule because they lacked 
sufficient quality assurance and quality control requirements necessary 
for EPA compliance assurance requirements: ASTM D3154-91, ``Standard 
Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method),'' for EPA 
Methods 1, 2, 2C, 3, 3B, and 4; ASTM D5835-95, ``Standard Practice for 
Sampling Stationary Source Emissions for Automated Determination of Gas 
Concentration,'' for EPA Method 3A; and ISO 10396:1993, ``Stationary 
Source Emissions: Sampling for the Automated Determination of Gas 
Concentrations,'' for EPA Method 3A.
    The following six of the 16 VCS identified in this search were not 
available at the time the review was conducted for the purposes of the 
proposed rule because they are under development by a voluntary 
consensus body: ASME/BSR MFC 12M, ``Flow in Closed Conduits Using 
Multiport Averaging Pitot Primary Flowmeters,'' for EPA Method 2; ASME/
BSR MFC 13M, ``Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse,'' for EPA Method 
1 (and possibly 2); ISO/DIS 11890-1 Part 1, ``Paints and Varnishes--
Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content--Difference 
Method,'' for EPA Method 24; ISO/DIS 11890-2 Part 2, ``Paints and 
Varnishes--Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content--
Gas Chromatographic Method,'' for EPA Method 24; ISO/DIS 12039, 
``Stationary Source Emissions--Determination of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon 
Dioxide, and Oxygen--Automated Methods,'' for EPA Method 3A; and ISO/
FDIS 14965, ``Air Quality--Determination of Total Nonmethane Organic 
Compounds--Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct Flame Ionization 
Method,'' for EPA Method 25A and parts of Method 25. While we are not 
proposing to include these six VCS in today's proposal, EPA will 
consider the standards when final.
    The EPA takes comment on compliance demonstration requirements 
proposed in this rule and specifically invites the public to identify 
potentially applicable VCS. Commenters should also explain why the 
proposed rule should adopt these VCS in lieu of or in addition to EPA's 
standards. Emission test methods and performance specifications 
submitted for evaluation should be accompanied with a basis for the 
recommendation, including method validation data and the procedure used 
to validate the candidate method (if a method other than Method 301, 40 
CFR part 63, appendix A, was used).
    Section 63.8 of subpart A of the General Provisions allows for any 
State or source to apply to EPA for permission to use an alternative 
method in place of any of the EPA testing methods or performance 
standards.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental 
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: June 17, 2002.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.
    For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part 
63 of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as 
follows:

PART 63--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

    2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart OOOO to read as follows:
Subpart OOOO--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: 
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles

What This Subpart Covers

Sec.
63.4280   What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.4281   Am I subject to this subpart?
63.4282   What part of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.4283   When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Emission Limitations

63.4290   What emission limits must I meet?
63.4291   What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
63.4292   What operating limits must I meet?
63.4293   What work practice standards must I meet?

General Compliance Requirements

63.4300   What are my general requirements for complying with this 
subpart?
63.4301   What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?

Notifications, Reports, and Records

63.4310   What notifications must I submit?
63.4320   What reports must I submit?
63.4330   What records must I keep?
63.4331   In what form and for how long must I keep my records?

Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option

63.4340   By what date must I conduct the initial compliance 
demonstration?
63.4341   How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission 
limitations?
63.4342   How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls 
Option

63.4350   By what date must I conduct the initial compliance 
demonstration?
63.4351   How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission 
limitations?
63.4352   How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls 
Option

63.4360   By what date must I conduct performance tests and other 
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.4361   How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.4362   [Reserved]
63.4363   How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Organic HAP Overall Control Efficiency 
and Oxidizer Outlet Organic HAP Concentration Options

63.4365   By what date must I conduct performance tests and other 
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.4366   How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.4367   [Reserved]
63.4368   How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

Performance Testing and Monitoring Requirements

63.4370   What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.4371   How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.4372   How do I determine the add-on control device emission 
destruction or removal efficiency?
63.4373   How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on 
control device operating limits during the performance test?
63.4374   What are the requirements for continuous parameter 
monitoring system (CPMS) installation, operation, and maintenance?

Other Requirements and Information

63.4380   Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.4381   What definitions apply to this subpart?

[[Page 46055]]

Tables to Subpart OOOO of Part 63

Table 1 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Emission Limits for New or 
Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, 
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles Source Category
Table 2 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Operating Limits if Using Add-On 
Control Devices and Capture System
Table 3 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Applicability of General 
Provisions to Subpart OOOO
Table 4 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass 
Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
Table 5 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass 
Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups

Subpart OOOO--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants: Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other 
Textiles

What This Subpart Covers


Sec. 63.4280  What is the purpose of this subpart?

    This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous 
air pollutants (NESHAP) for fabric and other textiles printing, coating 
and dyeing facilities. This subpart also establishes requirements to 
demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with the emission 
limitations.


Sec. 63.4281  Am I subject to this subpart?

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the source 
category to which this subpart applies is the printing, coating, 
slashing, dyeing or finishing of fabric and other textiles, and it 
includes the subcategories listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of 
this section.
    (1) The coating and printing subcategory includes any facility that 
coats or prints fabric or other textiles. Coating and printing 
operations are defined in Sec. 63.4381. Coated and printed substrates 
are used in products including, but not limited to, architectural 
structures, apparel, flexible hoses, hot-air balloons, lightweight 
liners, luggage, military fabric, rainwear, sheets, tents, threads and 
V-belts. The coating and printing subcategory includes any fabric or 
other textile coating line that also performs coating on another 
substrate unless such coating is specifically exempted from this 
subpart by another NESHAP in this part.
    (2) The slashing subcategory includes any facility with slashing 
operations as defined in Sec. 63.4381. In the slashing process, sizing 
compounds are applied to warp yarn to bind the fiber together and 
stiffen the yarn to provide abrasion resistance during weaving.
    (3) The dyeing and finishing subcategory includes any facility that 
dyes or finishes a fabric or other textiles. Dyeing and finishing 
operations are defined in Sec. 63.4381. Dyed and finished textiles are 
used in a wide range of products including, but not limited to, 
apparel, carpets, high-performance industrial fabrics, luggage, 
military fabrics, outer wear, sheets, towels, and threads.
    (b) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a new, 
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec. 63.4282, 
that is a major source, is located at a major source, or is part of a 
major source of hazardous air pollutants (HAP). A major source of HAP 
emissions is any stationary source or group of stationary sources 
located within a contiguous area and under common control that emits or 
has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams 
(Mg) (10 tons) or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 
22.68 Mg (25 tons) or more per year.
    (c) This subpart does not apply to coating, printing, slashing, 
dyeing, or finishing operations that meet the criteria of paragraphs 
(c)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or finishing operations 
conducted at a source that uses only coating, printing, slashing, 
dyeing, finishing, thinning and cleaning materials that contain no 
organic HAP as determined according to Sec. 63.4341.
    (2) Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing that occurs 
at research or laboratory facilities or that is part of janitorial, 
building, and facility maintenance operations.
    (3) Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing used by a 
facility and not for commerce, unless organic HAP emissions from the 
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or finishing operations are as high 
as the major source HAP emissions specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section.


63.4282  What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

    (a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, and existing 
affected source within each of the three subcategories listed in 
Sec. 63.4281(a).
    (b) The affected source for the coating and printing subcategory is 
the collection of all of the items listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through 
(5) of this section that are used in coating and printing operations. 
The regulated materials for the coating and printing subcategory are 
the coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used in the 
affected source.
    (1) All web coating and printing equipment used to apply cleaning 
materials to a substrate to prepare it for coating or printing material 
application, to apply coating or printing materials to a substrate and 
to dry or cure the coating or printing materials, or to clean coating/
printing operation equipment;
    (2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coating, 
printing, thinning, or cleaning materials are stored or mixed;
    (3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for 
conveying coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials;
    (4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment 
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a 
coating or printing operation; and
    (5) All manual and automated equipment, structures, and/or 
devices(s) used to convey, treat, or dispose of wastewater streams or 
residuals.
    (c) The affected source for the slashing subcategory is the 
collection of all of the items listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) 
of this section that are used in slashing operations. The regulated 
materials for the slashing subcategory are the slashing materials used 
in the affected source.
    (1) All slashing equipment used to apply and dry size on warp yarn;
    (2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which slashing 
materials are stored or mixed;
    (3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for 
conveying slashing materials;
    (4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment 
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a 
slashing operation; and
    (5) All manual and automated equipment, structures, and/or 
devices(s) used to convey, treat, or dispose of wastewater streams or 
residuals.
    (d) The affected source for the dyeing and finishing subcategory is 
the collection of all of the items listed in paragraphs (d)(1) through 
(5) of this section that are used in dyeing and finishing operations. 
The regulated materials for the dyeing and finishing subcategory are 
the dyeing, finishing and cleaning materials used in the affected 
source.
    (1) All dyeing and finishing equipment used to apply dyeing or 
finishing materials, to fix dyeing materials to the substrate, to rinse 
the textile substrate, to dry or cure the dyeing or finishing 
materials, or to clean dyeing/finishing operation equipment;
    (2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which dyeing, 
finishing or cleaning materials are stored or mixed;

[[Page 46056]]

    (3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for 
conveying dyeing, finishing or cleaning materials;
    (4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment 
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a 
coating or printing operation; and
    (5) All manual and automated equipment, structures, and/or 
devices(s) used to convey, treat, or dispose of wastewater streams or 
residuals.
    (e) An affected source is a new source if it meets the criteria in 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the criteria in either paragraph 
(e)(2) or (3) of this section.
    (1) You commenced the construction of the source after July 11, 
2002, by installing new coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or 
finishing equipment.
    (2) The new coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or finishing 
equipment is used at a source where no coating, printing, slashing, 
dyeing or finishing was previously performed.
    (3) The new coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing 
equipment is used in a subcategory in which no equipment was previously 
used.
    (f) An affected source is reconstructed if you meet the criteria as 
defined in Sec. 63.2.
    (g) An affected source is existing if it is not new or 
reconstructed.


Sec. 63.4283  When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    The date by which you must comply with this subpart is called the 
compliance date. The compliance date for each type of affected source 
is specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The 
compliance date begins the initial compliance period during which you 
conduct the initial compliance demonstration described in 
Secs. 63.4340, 63.4350, 63.4360, and 63.4365.
    (a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, the compliance date 
is the applicable date in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section:
    (1) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected 
source is before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL 
REGISTER], the compliance date is the [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL 
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
    (2) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected 
source occurs after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL 
REGISTER], the compliance date is the date of initial startup of your 
affected source.
    (b) For an existing affected source, the compliance date is the 
date 3 years after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL 
REGISTER].
    (c) For an area source that increases its emissions or its 
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP emissions, 
the compliance date is specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this 
section.
    (1) For any portion of the source that becomes a new or 
reconstructed affected source subject to this subpart, the compliance 
date is the date of initial startup of the affected source or [DATE OF 
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
    (2) For any portion of the source that becomes an existing affected 
source subject to this subpart, the compliance date is the date 1 year 
after the area source becomes a major source or 3 years after [DATE OF 
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
    (d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.4310 
according to the dates specified in that section and in subpart A of 
this part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the 
compliance dates described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this 
section.

Emission Limitations


Sec. 63.4290  What emission limits must I meet?

    You must meet the emission limit for the subcategory or 
subcategories present in your facility. The three subcategories are: 
coating and printing, slashing, and dyeing and finishing. Table 1 to 
this subpart presents the emission limits for a new or reconstructed 
affected source and for an existing affected source in each 
subcategory.


Sec. 63.4291  What are my options for meeting the emission limits?

    You must include all regulated materials (as defined in 
Sec. 63.4381) used in the affected source when determining whether the 
organic HAP emission rate is equal to or less than the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. To make this determination, 
you must use at least one of the compliance options for the subcategory 
listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.
    (a) Coating and printing. You may apply any one of the compliance 
options in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section to an 
individual coating/printing operation or to multiple coating/printing 
operations in the affected source as a group or to the entire affected 
source in the coating and printing subcategory. You may use different 
compliance options for different coating/printing operations or at 
different times on the same coating/printing operation. However, you 
may not use different compliance options at the same time on the same 
coating/printing operation. If you switch between compliance options 
for any coating/printing operation or group of operations, you must 
document this switch as required by Sec. 63.4330(c), and you must 
report it in the next semiannual compliance report required in 
Sec. 63.4320.
    (1) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the organic HAP 
content of each coating and printing material used in the coating/
printing operation(s) is less than or equal to the applicable emission 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, and that each thinning and cleaning 
material used contains no organic HAP. You must meet all the 
requirements of Secs. 63.4340, 63.4341, and 63.4342 to demonstrate 
compliance with the applicable emission limit using this option.
    (2) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that, 
based on the regulated materials used in the coating/printing 
operation(s), the organic HAP emission rate for the coating/printing 
operation(s) is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in 
Table 1 to this subpart, calculated as a monthly emission rate. You 
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4350, 63.4351, and 63.4352 
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limit using this 
option.
    (3) Emission rate with add-on controls option. Demonstrate that, 
based on the regulated materials used in the coating/printing 
operation(s) and the organic HAP emissions reductions achieved by 
emission capture systems and add-on controls, the organic HAP emission 
rate for the coating/printing operation(s) is less than or equal to the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, calculated as a 
monthly emission rate. If you use this compliance option, you must also 
demonstrate that all capture systems and control devices for the 
coating/printing operation(s) meet the operating limits required in 
Sec. 63.4292, except for solvent recovery systems for which you conduct 
liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), and 
that you meet the work practice standards required in Sec. 63.4293. You 
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4360 through 63.4363 and 
Secs. 63.4370 through 63.4374 to demonstrate compliance with the 
emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards using 
this option.
    (4) Organic HAP overall control efficiency option. Demonstrate 
that,

[[Page 46057]]

based on the organic HAP emission capture and add-on control 
efficiencies achieved, the organic HAP overall control efficiency is 
greater than or equal to the applicable organic HAP overall control 
efficiency limit in Table 1 to this subpart. If you use this compliance 
option, you must also demonstrate that all capture systems and control 
devices for the coating/printing operation(s) meet the operating limits 
required in Sec. 63.4292, except for solvent recovery systems for which 
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), and that you meet the work practice standards 
required in Sec. 63.4293. You must meet all the requirements of 
Secs. 63.4365 through 63.4368 and Secs. 63.4370 through 63.4374 to 
demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limits, operating 
limits, and work practice standards using this option.
    (5) Oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit.
    If you use an oxidizer to control organic HAP emissions, 
demonstrate that the oxidizer is operated such that the outlet organic 
HAP concentration is no greater than 20 parts per million by volume 
(ppmv) on a dry basis, and the efficiency of the capture system is 100 
percent. If you use this compliance option, you must also demonstrate 
that all capture systems and oxidizers for the coating/printing 
operation(s) meet the operating limits required in Sec. 63.4292, and 
that you meet the work practice standards required in Sec. 63.4293. You 
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4365 through 63.4368 and 
Secs. 63.4370 through 63.4374 to demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable emission limits, operating limits, and work practice 
standards using this option.
    (b) Slashing. You must use the compliant material option to 
demonstrate that the mass fraction of organic HAP in each slashing 
material used in the slashing operation(s) is less than or equal to the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must meet all 
the requirements of Secs. 63.4340, 63.4341, and 63.4342 to demonstrate 
compliance with the applicable emission limit.
    (c) Dyeing and finishing. You may apply either of the compliance 
options in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section to an individual 
dyeing/finishing operation or to multiple dyeing/finishing operations 
in the affected source as a group or to the entire affected source in 
the dyeing and finishing subcategory. You may use different compliance 
options for different dyeing/finishing operations or at different times 
on the same dyeing/finishing operation. However, you may not use 
different compliance options at the same time on the same dyeing/
finishing operation. If you switch between compliance options for any 
dyeing/finishing operation or group of operations, you must document 
this switch as required by Sec. 63.4330(c), and you must report it in 
the next semiannual compliance report required in Sec. 63.4320.
    (1) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the mass fraction 
of organic HAP in each dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material used in 
the dyeing/finishing operation(s) is less than or equal to the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must meet all 
the requirements of Secs. 63.4340, 63.4341, and 63.4342 to demonstrate 
compliance with the applicable emission limit using this option.
    (2) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that, 
based on the dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used in the 
dyeing/finishing operation(s), the organic HAP emission rate for the 
dyeing operation(s), the organic HAP emission rate for the finishing 
operation(s) or the combined organic HAP emission rate for dyeing and 
finishing is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit(s) in 
Table 1 to this subpart, calculated as a monthly emission rate. You 
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4350, 63.4351, and 63.4352 
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limit(s) using 
this option.


Sec. 63.4292  What operating limits must I meet?

    (a) For any coating/printing operation, slashing operation, or 
dyeing/finishing operation on which you use the compliant material 
option or coating/printing operation or dyeing/finishing operation on 
which you use the emission rate without add-on controls option, you are 
not required to meet any operating limits.
    (b) For any controlled coating/printing operation on which you use 
the emission rate with add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall 
control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration option, except those for which you use a solvent recovery 
system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance according to 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must meet the operating limits specified in 
Table 2 of this subpart. These operating limits apply to the emission 
capture and control systems on the coating/printing operation(s) for 
which you use this option, and you must establish the operating limits 
during the performance test according to the procedures in 
Sec. 63.4367. You must meet the operating limits at all times after you 
establish them.
    (c) If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in 
Table 2 of this subpart, or wish to monitor an alternative parameter 
and comply with a different operating limit, you must apply to the 
Administrator for approval of alternative monitoring under 
Sec. 63.8(f).


Sec. 63.4293  What work practice standards must I meet?

    (a) For any slashing operation or dyeing/finishing operation, you 
are not required to meet any work practice standards. For any coating/
printing operation(s) on which you use the compliant material option or 
the emission rate without add-on controls option, you are not required 
to meet any work practice standards.
    (b) If you use either the emission rate with add-on controls 
option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or the 
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option for a coating/printing 
operation, you must develop and implement a work practice plan to 
minimize organic HAP emissions from the storage, mixing, and conveying 
of coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used in, and 
waste materials generated by, the coating/printing operations for which 
you use this option; or you must meet an alternative standard as 
provided in paragraph (c) of this section. The plan must specify 
practices and procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements 
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are 
implemented.
    (1) All organic-HAP-containing coating, printing, thinning, 
cleaning, and waste materials must be stored in closed containers.
    (2) Spills of organic-HAP-containing coating, printing, thinning or 
cleaning materials, and waste materials must be minimized.
    (3) Organic-HAP-containing coating, printing, thinning, cleaning, 
and waste materials must be conveyed from one location to another in 
closed containers or pipes.
    (4) Mixing vessels which contain organic-HAP-containing coating, 
printing, thinning and other materials must be closed except when 
adding to, removing, or mixing the contents.
    (5) Emissions of organic HAP must be minimized during cleaning of 
storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
    (c) As provided in Sec. 63.6(g), we, EPA, may choose to grant you 
permission to use an alternative to the work practice standards in this 
section.

[[Page 46058]]

General Compliance Requirements


Sec. 63.4300  What are my general requirements for complying with this 
subpart?

    (a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations in this 
subpart as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Each affected source must be in compliance with the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart at all times.
    (2) Any coating/printing operation for which you use either the 
emission rate with add-on controls option, as specified in 
Sec. 63.4291(a)(3), the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, 
as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(4), or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration option, as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(5), must be in 
compliance with the emission limitations as specified in paragraphs 
(a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) The coating/printing operations must be in compliance with the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart at all times.
    (ii) Each controlled coating/printing operation must be in 
compliance with the operating limits for emission capture systems and 
add-on control devices required by Sec. 63.4292 at all times except for 
solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid material 
balances according to Sec. 63.4361(h).
    (iii) Each controlled coating/printing operation must be in 
compliance with the work practice standards in Sec. 63.4293 at all 
times.
    (b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source, 
including air pollution control and monitoring equipment, according to 
the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
    (c) If your affected source uses an emission capture system and 
add-on control device, you must develop and implement a written 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in 
Sec. 63.6(e)(3). The plan must address the startup, shutdown, and 
corrective actions in the event of a malfunction of the emission 
capture system or the add-on control device. The plan must also address 
any coating/printing operation equipment that may cause increased 
emissions or that would affect capture efficiency if the process 
equipment malfunctions, such as conveyors that move the substrate among 
enclosures.


Sec. 63.4301  What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?

    Table 3 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions 
in Secs. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.

Notifications, Reports, and Records


Sec. 63.4310  What notifications must I submit?

    (a) You must submit the notifications in Secs. 63.7(b) and (c), 
63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply to you by the 
dates specified in those sections, except as provided in paragraphs (b) 
and (c) of this section.
    (b) Initial Notification. You must submit the Initial Notification 
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no 
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after [DATE OF 
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later. 
For an existing affected source, you must submit the Initial 
Notification no later than 1 year after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL 
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
    (c) Notification of Compliance Status. You must submit the 
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.9(h) no later 
than 30 calendar days following the end of the initial compliance 
period described in Sec. 63.4340, Sec. 63.4350, or Sec. 63.4360 that 
applies to your affected source. The Notification of Compliance Status 
must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (9) 
of this section and in Sec. 63.9(h).
    (1) Company name and address.
    (2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name, 
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness 
of the content of the report.
    (3) Date of the report and beginning and ending dates of the 
reporting period. The reporting period is the initial compliance period 
described in Sec. 63.4340, Sec. 63.4350, Sec. 63.4360, or Sec. 63.4365 
that applies to your affected source.
    (4) Identification of the compliance option or options specified in 
Sec. 63.4291 that you used during the initial compliance period on each 
coating/printing operation in each coating/printing affected source, on 
each slashing operation in each slashing affected source, and on each 
dyeing/finishing operation in each dyeing/finishing affected source.
    (5) Statement of whether or not the affected source achieved the 
emission limitations for the initial compliance period.
    (6) If you had a deviation, include the information in paragraphs 
(c)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) A description of and statement of the cause of the deviation.
    (ii) If you failed to meet the applicable emission limit in Table 1 
to this subpart, include all the calculations you used to determine the 
kilogram (kg) organic HAP emitted per kg of solids used in coating and 
printing material or the weight percent organic HAP compounds in 
slashing, dyeing or finishing material to demonstrate your failure to 
meet the applicable emission limit. You do not need to submit 
information provided by the materials suppliers or manufacturers or 
test reports.
    (7) For each of the data items listed in paragraphs (c)(7)(i) 
through (iii) of this section that is required by the compliance 
option(s) you used to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit, 
include an example of how you determined the value, including 
calculations and supporting data. Supporting data can include a copy of 
the information provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the example 
regulated material or a summary of the results of testing conducted 
according to Sec. 63.4341(a), (b), or (c). You do not need to submit 
copies of any test reports.
    (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP and mass fraction of solids for 
one coating or printing formulation including thinning materials, mass 
fraction of organic HAP for one cleaning material and mass fraction of 
organic HAP for all of the regulated materials ``as purchased'' used in 
one slashing operation or dyeing/ finishing operation.
    (ii) Mass of coating or printing formulation used in coating/
printing operation or of regulated materials used in slashing or 
dyeing/finishing operation during the compliance period.
    (iii) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP 
contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an 
allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4351.
    (8) The calculation of kg organic HAP per kg of coating and 
printing solids used and of kg organic HAP per kg of dyeing and 
finishing material ``as purchased'' for the compliance option(s) you 
use, as specified in paragraphs (c)(8)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) For the compliant material option as specified in 
Sec. 63.4291(a)(1) for coating/printing operations and 
Sec. 63.4291(c)(1) for dyeing/finishing operations, provide an example 
calculation of the organic HAP content for one coating and one printing 
material, or for one dyeing and one finishing material, as appropriate, 
using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4341.
    (ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls options as 
specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(2) for coating/printing operations, 
provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions; the 
calculation of the total mass of coating and printing solids used; and 
the calculation of the organic

[[Page 46059]]

HAP emission rate, using Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, of 
Sec. 63.4351.
    (iii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option as 
specified in Sec. 63.4291(b)(2) for dyeing/finishing operations, 
provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions; the 
calculation of the total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning 
materials used; and the calculation of the organic HAP emission rate, 
using Equations 5, 6, and 7, respectively, of Sec. 63.4351.
    (iv) For the emission rate with add-on controls option as specified 
in Sec. 63.4291(a)(3), provide the calculation of the total mass of 
organic HAP emissions before add-on controls using Equation 1 of 
Sec. 63.4351, and the calculation of the organic HAP emission rate 
using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (9) For the emission rate with add-on controls option as specified 
in Sec. 63.4291(a)(3), the organic HAP overall control efficiency 
option as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(4), and the oxidizer outlet 
organic HAP concentration option as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(5), 
for each controlled coating/printing operation using an emission 
capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery 
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according 
to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must include the information specified in 
paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) For each emission capture system, a summary of the data and 
copies of the calculations supporting the determination that the 
emission capture system is a permanent total enclosure (PTE) or a 
measurement of the emission capture system efficiency. If you are 
demonstrating compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration option, the emission capture system must be a PTE. 
Include a description of the protocol followed for measuring capture 
efficiency, summaries of any capture efficiency tests conducted, and 
any calculations supporting the capture efficiency determination. If 
you use the data quality objective (DQO) or lower confidence limit 
(LCL) approach, you must also include the statistical calculations to 
show you meet the DQO or LCL criteria in appendix A to subpart KK of 
this part. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
    (ii) A summary of the results of each add-on control device 
performance test. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
    (iii) A list of each emission capture system's and add-on control 
device's operating limits and a summary of the data used to calculate 
those limits.
    (iv) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented 
the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293 and the startup, 
shutdown and malfunction plan required by Sec. 63.4300.


Sec. 63.4320  What reports must I submit?

    (a) Semiannual compliance reports. You must submit semiannual 
compliance reports for each affected source according to the 
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. The 
semiannual compliance reporting requirements of this section may be 
satisfied by reports required under other parts of the Clean Air Act 
(CAA), as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (1) Dates. Unless the Administrator has approved a different 
schedule for submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must 
prepare and submit each semiannual compliance report according to the 
dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) The first semiannual compliance report must cover the first 
semiannual reporting period which begins the day after the end of the 
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4340, Sec. 63.4350, 
Sec. 63.4360, or Sec. 63.4365 that applies to your affected source and 
ends on June 30 or December 31, whichever date is the first date at 
least 6 months after the end of the initial compliance period.
    (ii) Each subsequent semiannual compliance report must cover the 
subsequent semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30 
or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
    (iii) Each semiannual compliance report must be postmarked or 
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the 
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
    (iv) For each affected source that is subject to permitting 
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the 
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual 
reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance 
reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established 
instead of according to the date specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section.
    (2) Inclusion with title V report. Each affected source that has 
obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 
CFR part 71 must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in 
the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) 
or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If an affected source submits a 
semiannual compliance report pursuant to this section along with, or as 
part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the semiannual 
compliance report includes all required information concerning 
deviations from any emission limitation in this subpart, its submission 
shall be deemed to satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations 
in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a 
semiannual compliance report shall not otherwise affect any obligation 
the affected source may have to report deviations from permit 
requirements to the permitting authority.
    (3) General requirements. The semiannual compliance report must 
contain the information specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (v) 
of this section, and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(4) 
through (7) and (c)(1) of this section that is applicable to your 
affected source.
    (i) Company name and address.
    (ii) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name, 
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness 
of the content of the report.
    (iii) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the 
reporting period. The reporting period is the 6-month period ending on 
June 30 or December 31.
    (iv) Identification of the compliance option or options specified 
in Sec. 63.4291 that you used on each coating/printing operation, 
slashing operation, and dyeing/finishing operation during the reporting 
period. If you switched between compliance options during the reporting 
period, you must report the beginning and ending dates you used each 
option.
    (v) If you used the emission rate without add-on controls, the 
emission rate with add-on controls, or the organic HAP overall control 
efficiency compliance option (Sec. 63.4291(a)(2), (3), or (4)), the 
calculation results for each month during the 6-month reporting period.
    (4) No deviations. If there were no deviations from the emission 
limitations in Table 1 to this subpart, Sec. 63.4292, and Sec. 63.4293 
that apply to you, the semiannual compliance report must include a 
statement that there were no deviations from the emission limitations 
during the reporting period. If you use the emission rate with add-on 
controls option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or 
the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option and there were no 
periods during which the

[[Page 46060]]

continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) were out-of-control as 
specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7), the semiannual compliance report must 
include a statement that there were no periods during which the CPMS 
were out-of-control during the reporting period.
    (5) Deviations: compliant material option. If you use the compliant 
material option, and there was a deviation from the applicable HAP 
content requirements in Table 1 to this subpart, the semiannual 
compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) 
through (iv) of this section.
    (i) Identification of each coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or 
finishing material used that deviated from the emission limit, each 
cleaning material used in dyeing/finishing operations that deviated 
from the emission limit, and each thinning or cleaning material used in 
coating/printing operations that contained organic HAP, and the dates 
and time periods each was used.
    (ii) The calculation of the organic HAP content using Equation 1 of 
Sec. 63.4341 for each regulated material identified in paragraph 
(a)(5)(i) of this section. You do not need to submit background data 
supporting this calculation (e.g., information provided by material 
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
    (iii) The determination of mass fraction of organic HAP for each 
regulated material identified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section. 
You do not need to submit background data supporting this calculation 
(e.g., information provided by material suppliers or manufacturers, or 
test reports).
    (iv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
    (6) Deviations: emission rate without add-on controls option. If 
you use the emission rate without add-on controls option and there was 
a deviation from the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart, the semiannual compliance report must contain the information 
in paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during 
which the organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable 1-month 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
    (ii) The calculations used to determine the 1-month organic HAP 
emission rate for the compliance period in which the deviation 
occurred. You must submit the calculations for Equations 1, 1A and 1B, 
2, 3, and 4 in Sec. 63.4351, and if applicable, the calculation used to 
determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to 
Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii) or (b)(3)(ii). You do not need to submit 
background data supporting these calculations (e.g., information 
provided by materials suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
    (iii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
    (7) Deviations: add-on controls options. If you use one of the add-
on controls options in Sec. 63.4291(a) and there was a deviation from 
an emission limitation (including any periods when emissions bypassed 
the add-on control device and were diverted to the atmosphere), the 
semiannual compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs 
(a)(7)(i) through (xv) of this section. This includes periods of 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction during which deviations occurred.
    (i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during 
which the organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable 1-month 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
    (ii) If you use the emission rate option, the calculations used to 
determine the 1-month organic HAP emission rate for each compliance 
period in which a deviation occurred. You must submit the calculations 
that apply to you, including Equations 1, 1A and 1B, 2, 3, and 4 of 
Sec. 63.4351; Equations 1, 1A and 1B, 3, and 5 of Sec. 63.4361; and 
Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4361. You do not need to submit the background 
data supporting these calculations (e.g., information provided by 
materials suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
    (iii) If you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, 
the calculations used to determine the 1-month organic HAP overall 
control efficiency for each compliance period in which a deviation 
occurred. You must submit the calculation of organic HAP overall 
control efficiency using Equation 3A of Sec. 63.4361 for a solvent 
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance 
according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), or Equation 6 of Sec. 63.4361 for an 
emission capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent 
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance 
according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5). You do not need to submit the 
background data supporting these calculations (e.g., test reports).
    (iv) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped.
    (v) A brief description of the CPMS.
    (vi) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
    (vii) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for 
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
    (viii) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out-of-
control, including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
    (ix) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating 
limit in Table 2 to this subpart, date and time period of any bypass of 
the add-on control device, and whether each deviation occurred during a 
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
    (x) A summary of the total duration of each deviation from an 
operating limit in Table 2 to this subpart and each bypass of the add-
on control device during the semiannual reporting period and the total 
duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that 
semiannual reporting period.
    (xi) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from the 
operating limits in Table 2 to this subpart and bypasses of the add-on 
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that 
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process 
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
    (xii) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the 
semiannual reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as 
a percent of the total source operating time during that semiannual 
reporting period.
    (xiii) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating/printing 
operation, emission capture system, or add-on control device since the 
last semiannual reporting period.
    (xiv) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a 
description of the deviation, the date and time period duration of the 
deviation, and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
    (xv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
    (b) Performance test reports. If you use one of the add-on control 
options in Sec. 63.4291(a), you must submit reports of performance test 
results for emission capture systems and add-on control devices no 
later than 60 days after completing the tests as specified in 
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).
    (c) Startup, shutdown, malfunction reports. If you use one of the 
add-on control options in Sec. 63.4291(a) and you have a startup, 
shutdown, or malfunction during the semiannual reporting period, you 
must submit the reports specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this 
section.

[[Page 46061]]

    (1) If your actions were consistent with your startup, shutdown, 
and malfunction plan, you must include the information specified in 
Sec. 63.10(d) in the semiannual compliance report.
    (2) If your actions were not consistent with your startup, 
shutdown, and malfunction plan, you must submit an immediate startup, 
shut down, and malfunction report as described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) 
and (ii) of this section as required by paragraph (a) of this section.
    (i) You must describe the actions taken during the event in a 
report delivered by facsimile, telephone, or other means to the 
Administrator within 2 working days after starting actions that are 
inconsistent with the plan.
    (ii) You must submit a letter to the Administrator within 7 working 
days after the end of the event, unless you have made alternative 
arrangements with the Administrator as specified in 
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii). The letter must contain the information specified 
in Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii).


Sec. 63.4330  What records must I keep?

    You must collect and keep a record of the data and information 
specified in this section. Failure to collect and keep these records is 
a deviation from the applicable standard.
    (a) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to 
comply with this subpart, and the documentation supporting each 
notification and report.
    (b) A current copy of information provided by materials suppliers 
or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data or test data 
used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for coating, 
printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials; and the mass fraction of solids for coating and printing 
materials. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of 
organic HAP, of coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing 
materials or the mass fraction of solids of coating or printing 
materials, you must keep a copy of the complete test report. If you use 
information provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier of the 
material that was based on testing, you must keep the summary sheet of 
results provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier. You are not 
required to obtain the test report or other supporting documentation 
from the manufacturer or supplier.
    (c) For each compliance period, the records specified in paragraph 
(c)(1) for coating/printing operations and the records specified in 
paragraph (c)(2) for dyeing/finishing operations.
    (1) A record of the coating/printing operations on which you used 
each compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending 
dates) you used each option. For each month, a record of all required 
calculations for the compliance option(s) you used, as specified in 
paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation 
of the organic HAP content for each coating and printing material, 
using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4341.
    (ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, a record 
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the 
coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used each month 
using Equations 1, 1A, and 1B of Sec. 63.4351 and, if applicable, the 
calculation used to determine the mass of organic HAP in waste 
materials according to Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii); the calculation of the 
total mass of the solids contained in all coating and printing 
materials used each month using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351; and the 
calculation of each 1-month organic HAP emission rate using Equation 3 
of Sec. 63.4351.
    (iii) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, a record 
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the 
coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used each month 
using Equations 1, 1A, and 1B of Sec. 63.4351 and, if applicable, the 
calculation used to determine the mass of organic HAP in waste 
materials according to Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii); the calculation of the 
total mass of the solids contained in all coating and printing 
materials used each month using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351; the 
calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction by emission 
capture systems and add-on control devices using Equations 1 and 1A and 
1B of Sec. 63.4361 and Equations 3 and 4 of Sec. 63.4361, as 
applicable; and the calculation of each month's organic HAP emission 
rate using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (iv) For the organic HAP overall control efficiency option or the 
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option, the records specified 
in paragraph (j) of this section.
    (2) A record of the dyeing/finishing operations on which you used 
each compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending 
dates) you used each option. For each month, a record of all required 
calculations for the compliance option(s) you used, as specified in 
paragraphs (c)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation 
of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each dyeing, finishing, and 
cleaning material, according to Sec. 63.4341(h)(1).
    (ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, the 
calculation for the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the dyeing, 
finishing and cleaning materials used each month using Equations 4 and 
4A of Sec. 63.4351 and, if applicable, the calculation used to 
determine the mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to 
Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii); the calculation of the total mass of dyeing, 
finishing, and cleaning materials used each month using Equation 5 of 
Sec. 63.4351; and the calculation of each 1-month organic HAP emission 
rate using Equation 6 of Sec. 63.4351.
    (d) A record of the name and mass of each coating, printing, 
dyeing, finishing, thinning and cleaning material used during each 
compliance period. If you are using the compliant material option for 
all regulated materials at the source, you may maintain purchase 
records for each material used rather than a record of the mass used.
    (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, 
printing, dyeing, finishing, thinning and cleaning material used during 
each compliance period.
    (f) A record of the mass fraction of coating and printing solids 
for each coating and printing material used during each month.
    (g) If you use an allowance in Equation 1 or 4 of Sec. 63.4351 for 
organic HAP contained in waste materials sent to or designated for 
shipment to a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) 
according to Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii) or (b)(3)(ii), you must keep 
records of the information specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) 
of this section.
    (1) The name and address of each TSDF to which you sent waste 
materials for which you used an allowance in Equation 1 or 4 of 
Sec. 63.4345, a statement of which subparts under 40 CFR parts 262, 
264, 265, and 266 apply to the facility, and the date of each shipment.
    (2) Identification of the coating/printing or dyeing/finishing 
operations producing waste materials included in each shipment and the 
month or months in which you used the allowance for these materials in 
Equation 1 or 4, respectively, of Sec. 63.4351.
    (3) The methodology used in accordance with Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii) 
or (b)(3)(ii) to determine the total amount of waste materials sent to 
or the amount collected, stored, and designated for transport to a TSDF 
each month; and the methodology to determine the mass of

[[Page 46062]]

organic HAP contained in these waste materials. This must include the 
sources for all data used in the determination, methods used to 
generate the data, frequency of testing or monitoring, and supporting 
calculations and documentation, including the waste manifest for each 
shipment.
    (h) [Reserved]
    (i) You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each 
deviation.
    (j) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, the 
organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet 
organic HAP concentration option, you must keep the records specified 
in paragraphs (i)(1) through (8) of this section.
    (1) For each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred 
during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
    (2) The records in Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (3) The records required to show continuous compliance with each 
operating limit specified in Table 2 to this subpart that applies to 
you.
    (4) For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and 
documentation you used to support a determination that the capture 
system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 
for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in 
Sec. 63.4371(a).
    (5) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and 
documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the 
requirements specified in Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4371(b) through (e) 
including the records specified in paragraphs (j)(5)(i) through (iii) 
of this section that apply to you.
    (i) Records for a liquid-to-fugitive protocol using a temporary 
total enclosure or building enclosure. Records of the mass of total 
volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) as measured by Method 204A or F of appendix 
M to 40 CFR part 51 for each material used in the coating/printing 
operation, and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture 
efficiency test run, including a copy of the test report. Records of 
the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that 
exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each 
capture efficiency test run, as measured by Method 204D or E of 
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, including a copy of the test report. 
Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency 
test met the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for 
either a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
    (ii) Records for a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total 
enclosure or a building enclosure. Records of the mass of TVH emissions 
captured by the emission capture system as measured by Method 204B or C 
of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 at the inlet to the add-on control 
device, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH 
emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary 
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency 
test run as measured by Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 
51, including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that the 
enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in 
Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for either a temporary total 
enclosure or a building enclosure.
    (iii) Records for an alternative protocol. Records needed to 
document a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method 
or protocol as specified in Sec. 63.4371(e), if applicable.
    (6) The records specified in paragraphs (j)(6)(i) and (ii) of this 
section for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or 
removal efficiency determination or oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration determination as specified in Sec. 63.4372.
    (i) Records of each add-on control device performance test 
conducted according to Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4372.
    (ii) Records of the coating/printing operation conditions during 
the add-on control device performance test showing that the performance 
test was conducted under representative operating conditions.
    (7) Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the 
emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as 
specified in Sec. 63.4373 and to document compliance with the operating 
limits as specified in Table 2 to this subpart.
    (8) A record of the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293 and 
documentation that you are implementing the plan on a continuous basis.


Sec. 63.4331  In what form and for how long must I keep my records?

    (a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available 
for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). Where 
appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets 
or as a database.
    (b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record for 
5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, 
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
    (c) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after 
the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective 
action, report, or record, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep 
the records off site for the remaining 3 years.

Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option


Sec. 63.4340  By what date must I conduct the initial compliance 
demonstration?

    You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial 
compliance period according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4341. The 
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date 
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full 
month after the compliance date. The initial compliance demonstration 
includes the calculations according to Sec. 63.4341 and supporting 
documentation showing that during the initial compliance period, the 
organic HAP content of each coating and printing material you used and 
the mass fraction of organic HAP in each slashing, dyeing, finishing, 
and cleaning material you used did not exceed the applicable limit in 
Table 1 to this subpart, and documentation that you used no thinners or 
cleaners in coating/printing operations that contained organic HAP 
according to Sec. 63.4341(h).


Sec. 63.4341  How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission 
limitations?

    (a) You may use the compliant material option for any individual 
coating/printing operation, for any group of coating/printing 
operations in the affected source, or for all the coating/printing 
operations in the affected source. You must use either the emission 
rate without add-on controls option, the emission rate with add-on 
controls option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or 
the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option for any coating/
printing operation(s) in the affected source for which you do not use 
this option. For a coating/printing affected source to demonstrate 
initial compliance using the compliant material option, the coating/
printing operation or group of coating/printing operations must use no 
coating or printing material with an organic HAP content that exceeds 
the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart and must use 
no thinning or cleaning material that contains organic HAP, as 
determined according to this section.
    (b) You must use the compliant material option for each slashing 
affected source, as required in Table 1 to this subpart. For a slashing 
affected source to demonstrate initial compliance using the compliant

[[Page 46063]]

material option, the slashing operation or group of slashing operations 
must use no slashing material with a mass fraction of organic HAP that 
exceeds the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
    (c) You may use the compliant material option for any individual 
dyeing/finishing operation, for any group of dyeing/finishing 
operations in the affected source, or for all the dyeing/finishing 
operations in the affected source. You must use the emission rate 
without add-on controls option for any dyeing/finishing operations in 
the affected source for which you do not use this option. For a dyeing/
finishing affected source to demonstrate initial compliance using the 
compliant material option, the dyeing/finishing operation or group of 
dyeing/finishing operations must use no dyeing, finishing, or cleaning 
material with a mass fraction of organic HAP that exceeds the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
    (d) Any coating/printing operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/
finishing operation for which you use the compliant material option is 
not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards 
required in Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293, respectively.
    (e) To demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations 
using the compliant material option, you must meet all the requirements 
of this section for any coating/printing operation, slashing operation, 
or dyeing/finishing operation using this option. Use the procedures in 
this section on each regulated material in the condition it is in when 
it is received from its manufacturer or supplier and prior to any 
alteration. You do not need to redetermine the HAP content of regulated 
materials that are reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating/printing 
operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/finishing operation for which 
you use the compliant material option, provided these regulated 
materials in their condition as received were demonstrated to comply 
with the compliant material option.
    (1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material 
used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each 
regulated material used during the compliance period by using one of 
the options in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method 
311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the 
procedures specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section 
when performing a Method 311 test.
    (A) Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1 
percent by mass or more for Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 
1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent by mass or more for other compounds. 
For example, if toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is measured to be 0.5 
percent of the material by mass, you don't have to count it. Express 
the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a value truncated to 
four places after the decimal point (e.g., 0.3791).
    (B) Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test 
material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and 
truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (e.g., 
0.763).
    (ii) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). For coating, 
printing, dyeing and finishing material, you may use Method 24 to 
determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile matter and use that 
value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic HAP.
    (iii) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method 
for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP or mass fraction of 
solids once the Administrator has approved it. You must follow the 
procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit an alternative test method for 
approval.
    (iv) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material. 
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test 
methods specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this 
section, such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each 
organic HAP that is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-
defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 
percent by mass or more for other compounds. For example, if toluene 
(not an OSHA carcinogen) is 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do 
not have to count it. If there is a disagreement between such 
information and results of a test conducted according to paragraphs 
(e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section, then the test method results 
will take precedence.
    (v) Solvent blends. Solvent blends may be listed as single 
components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or 
suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which must be counted 
toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When test 
data and manufacturer's data for solvent blends are not available, you 
may use the default values for the mass fraction of organic HAP in 
these solvent blends listed in Table 4 or 5 to this subpart. If you use 
the tables, you must use the values in Table 4 for all solvent blends 
that match Table 4 entries, and you may only use Table 5 if the solvent 
blends in the materials you use do not match any of the solvent blends 
in Table 4 and you only know whether the blend is aliphatic or 
aromatic. However, if the results of a Method 311 test indicate higher 
values than those listed on Table 4 or 5 to this subpart, the Method 
311 results will take precedence.
    (2) Determine the mass fraction of solids for each coating and 
printing material. You must determine the mass fraction of solids (kg 
of solids per pound (lb) of coating or printing material) for each 
coating and printing material used during the compliance period by a 
test or by information provided by the supplier or the manufacturer of 
the material, as specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (iii) of 
this section. If test results obtained according to paragraph (e)(2)(i) 
or (ii) of this section do not agree with the information obtained 
under paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section, the test results will take 
precedence.
    (i) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). You may use Method 24 
for determining the mass fraction of solids of coating and printing 
materials.
    (ii) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for 
determining solids content of each coating and printing material once 
the Administrator has approved it. You must follow the procedure in 
Sec. 63.7(f) to submit an alternative test method for approval.
    (iii) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the 
material. You may obtain the mass fraction of solids for each coating 
and printing material from the supplier or manufacturer. If there is 
disagreement between such information and the test method results, then 
the test method results will take precedence.
    (3) Calculate the organic HAP content of each coating or printing 
material. Calculate the organic HAP content, kg organic HAP per kg of 
solids used, of each coating and printing material used during the 
compliance period, using Equation 1 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.001


Where:
Hc = organic HAP content of the coating or printing 
material, kg organic HAP per kg solids used in the coating or printing 
material.
Wc = mass fraction of organic HAP in the coating or printing 
material, kg organic HAP per kg material, determined according to 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section.

[[Page 46064]]

Wf = mass fraction of solids in coating or printing 
material, kg solids per kg of coating or printing material, determined 
according to paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
    (4) Compliance demonstration. The calculated organic HAP content 
for each coating and printing material used during the initial 
compliance period must be less than or equal to the applicable emission 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, and each thinning and cleaning 
material used during the initial compliance period must contain no 
organic HAP according to paragraph (e)(1) of this section. The mass 
fraction of organic HAP for each slashing, dyeing and finishing 
material used during the initial compliance period and cleaning 
material used in dyeing/finishing operations during the initial 
compliance period, determined according to paragraph (e)(1) of this 
section, must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in 
Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records required by 
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance 
Status required in Sec. 63.4310, you must:
    (i) Identify any coating/printing operation, slashing operation, 
and dyeing/finishing operation for which you used the compliant 
material option;
    (ii) Submit a statement that the coating/printing operation(s) was 
(were) in compliance with the emission limitations during the initial 
compliance period because you used no coating and printing material for 
which the organic HAP content exceeds the applicable emission limit in 
Table 1 to this subpart, and you used no thinning materials or cleaning 
materials that contained organic HAP, determined according to paragraph 
(h)(1) of this section; and
    (iii) Submit a statement that the slashing operation(s) and dyeing/
finishing operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission 
limitations during the initial compliance period because you used no 
slashing, dyeing and finishing material for which the mass fraction of 
organic HAP exceeds the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart, and you used no cleaning materials in the dyeing/finishing 
affected source for which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeds the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, determined 
according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4341(e)(1).


Sec. 63.4342  How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

    (a) For each compliance period, to demonstrate continuous 
compliance, you must use no coating or printing material for which the 
organic HAP content determined using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4341, 
exceeds the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. For 
each compliance period, you must use no slashing material, dyeing or 
finishing material, or cleaning material in dyeing/finishing operations 
for which the mass fraction of organic HAP, determined according to the 
requirements of Sec. 63.4341(e)(1), exceeds the applicable emission 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart. For each compliance period, you must 
use no thinning or cleaning materials in a coating/printing affected 
source that contain organic HAP, determined according to the 
requirements of Sec. 63.4341(e)(1). Each month following the initial 
compliance period described in Sec. 63.4340 is a compliance period.
    (b) If you choose to comply with the emission limitations by using 
the compliant material option, the use of any regulated material that 
does not meet the criteria specified in paragraph (a) of this section 
is a deviation from the emission limitations that must be reported as 
specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(5).
    (c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by 
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify any coating/printing operation, 
slashing operation, or dyeing/or finishing operation for which you used 
the compliant material option. If there were no deviations from the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, submit a 
statement that, as appropriate, the coating/printing operations were in 
compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting period 
because you used no coating or printing material for which the organic 
HAP content exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart, and you used no thinning or cleaning materials in a coating/
printing affected source that contained organic HAP, determined 
according to Sec. 63.4341(e)(1), and that the slashing and dyeing/
finishing operations were in compliance with the emission limitations 
during the reporting period because you used no slashing, dyeing or 
finishing material, or cleaning material in dyeing/finishing operations 
for which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeded the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
    (d) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and 
63.4331.

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On 
Controls Option


Sec. 63.4350  By what date must I conduct the initial compliance 
demonstration?

    You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial 
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4351. The 
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date 
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full 
month after the compliance date. The initial compliance demonstration 
includes the calculations according to Sec. 63.4351 and supporting 
documentation showing that for coating/printing operations, the organic 
HAP emission rate for the initial compliance period was equal to or 
less than the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart and 
for dyeing/finishing operations, the mass fraction of organic HAP for 
the initial compliance period was less than or equal to the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.


Sec. 63.4351  How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission 
limitations?

    (a) For coating/printing operations, you may use the emission rate 
without add-on controls option for any individual coating/printing 
operation, for any group of coating/printing operations in the affected 
source, or for all the coating/printing operations as a group in the 
affected source. You must use either the compliant material option, the 
emission rate with add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall 
control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration option for any coating/printing operation in the affected 
source for which you do not use this option. To demonstrate initial 
compliance using the emission rate without add-on controls option, the 
coating/printing operation or group of coating/printing operations must 
meet the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart but is 
not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in 
Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293, respectively. You must meet all the 
requirements of this section to demonstrate initial compliance with the 
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart for the coating/
printing operation(s). When calculating the organic HAP emission rate 
according to this section, do not include any coating, printing, 
thinning or cleaning materials used on coating/printing operations for 
which you use the compliant material option, the emission rate with 
add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency 
option, or the oxidizer

[[Page 46065]]

outlet organic HAP concentration option.
    (1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material 
used. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, 
printing, thinning and cleaning material used during the compliance 
period according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4341(e)(1).
    (2) Determine the mass fraction of solids for each material used. 
Determine the mass fraction of solids (kg of solids per kg of coating 
or printing material) for each coating and printing material used 
during the compliance period according to the requirements in 
Sec. 63.4341(e)(2).
    (3) Determine the mass of each material used. Determine the mass 
(kg) of each coating, printing, thinning or cleaning material used 
during the compliance period by measurement or usage records.
    (4) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of 
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in 
all coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used during the 
compliance period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials. 
Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions using Equation 1 of this 
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.002


Where:
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions during the 
compliance period, kg.
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing materials 
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of 
this section.
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning materials 
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of 
this section.
Rw = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or 
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or 
disposal during the month, kg, determined according to paragraph 
(a)(4)(iii) of this section. (You may assign a value of zero to 
Rw if you do not wish to use this allowance.)
    (i) Calculate the kg organic HAP in the coating and printing 
materials used during the compliance period using Equation 1A of this 
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.003


Where:
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing materials 
used during the compliance period, kg.
Mc,i = total mass of coating or printing material, i, used 
during the compliance period, kg.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating or printing 
material, i, kg organic HAP per kg of material.
m = number of different coating and printing, materials used during the 
compliance period.
    (ii) Calculate the kg of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning 
materials used during the compliance period using Equation 1B of this 
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.004

    Where:
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning materials 
used during the compliance period, kg.
Mt,j = total mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used 
during the compliance period, kg.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinning or cleaning 
material, j, kg organic HAP per kg thinning or cleaning material.
n = number of different thinning and cleaning materials used during the 
compliance period.
    (iii) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP 
contained in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a 
hazardous waste TSDF in Equation 1 of this section, then you must 
determine it according to paragraphs (a)(4)(iii)(A) through (D) of this 
section.
    (A) You may include in the determination only waste materials that 
are generated by coating/printing operations in the affected source for 
which you use Equation 1 of this section and that will be treated or 
disposed of by a facility that is regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part 
262, 264, 265, or 266. The TSDF may be either off-site or on-site. You 
may not include organic HAP contained in wastewater.
    (B) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials 
sent to a TSDF during the compliance period or the amount collected and 
stored during the compliance period designated for future transport to 
a TSDF. Do not include in your determination any waste materials sent 
to a TSDF during a month if you have already included them in the 
amount collected and stored during that month or a previous month.
    (C) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the waste 
materials specified in paragraph (a)(4)(iii)(B) of this section.
    (D) You must document the methodology you use to determine the 
amount of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they 
contain, as required in Sec. 63.4530(g). To the extent that waste 
manifests include this, they may be used as part of the documentation 
of the amount of waste materials and mass of organic HAP contained in 
them.
    (5) Calculate the total mass of coating and printing solids used. 
Determine the total mass of coating and printing solids used, kg, which 
is the combined mass of the solids contained in all the coating and 
printing materials used during the compliance period, using Equation 2 
of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.005

Where:

Ht = total mass of solids contained in coating and printing 
materials used during the compliance period, kg.
Mc,i = mass of coating or printing solids in the coating or 
printing material, i, used during the compliance period, kg.
m = number of coating and printing materials used during the compliance 
period.

    (6) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the compliance 
period, kg organic HAP emitted per kg solids used, using Equation 3 of 
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.006

Where:

Hmo = organic HAP emission rate for the compliance period, 
kg of organic HAP emitted per kg of solids in coating and printing 
materials used.
He = total mass organic HAP emissions from all regulated 
materials used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by 
Equation 1 of this section.
Ht = total mass of coating and printing solids in materials 
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by Equation 2 of 
this section.

    (7) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the 
initial compliance period must be less than or equal to the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records as 
required by Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of 
Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the 
coating/printing operation(s) for which you used the emission rate 
without add-on controls option and submit a

[[Page 46066]]

statement that the coating/printing operation(s) was (were) in 
compliance with the emission limitations during the initial compliance 
period because the organic HAP emission rate was less than or equal to 
the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, determined 
according to the procedures in this section.
    (b) For dyeing and finishing operations, you may use the emission 
rate without add-on controls option for any individual dyeing/finishing 
operation, for any group of dyeing/finishing operations in the affected 
source, or for dyeing/finishing operations as a group in the affected 
source. You must use the compliant material option for any dyeing/
finishing operation in the affected source for which you do not use 
this option. To demonstrate initial compliance using the emission rate 
without add-on controls option, the dyeing/finishing operation or group 
of operations must meet the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to 
this subpart but is not required to meet the operating limits or work 
practice standards in Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293, respectively. You must 
meet all the requirements of this section to demonstrate initial 
compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart for the dyeing/finishing operation(s). When calculating the 
organic HAP emission rate according to this section, do not include any 
dyeing and finishing materials used on dyeing/finishing operations for 
which you use the compliant material option.
    (1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. 
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each dyeing, finishing, 
and cleaning material used during the compliance period according to 
the requirements in Sec. 63.4341(e)(1).
    (2) Determine the mass of each material used. Determine the mass 
(kg) of each dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material used during the 
compliance period by measurement or usage records.
    (3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of 
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in 
all dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used during the 
compliance period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials. 
Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions using Equation 4 of this 
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.007

Where:

He = total mass of organic HAP emissions during the 
compliance period, kg.
A = total mass of organic HAP in the dyeing, finishing, and cleaning 
materials used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated in 
Equation 4B of this section.
Rw = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or 
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or 
disposal during the compliance period, kg, determined according to 
paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. (You may assign a value of zero 
to Rw if you do not wish to use this allowance.)

    (i) Calculate the kg organic HAP in the dyeing, finishing, and 
cleaning materials used during the compliance period using Equation 4A 
of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.008

Where:

A = total mass of organic HAP in the dyeing, finishing, and cleaning 
materials used during the compliance period, kg.
Mc,i = mass of dyeing, finishing, or cleaning material, i, 
used during the compliance period, kg.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in dyeing, finishing, or 
cleaning material, i, kg HAP per kg of material.

    (ii) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP contained 
in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a hazardous waste 
TSDF in Equation 4 of this section, then you must determine it 
according to paragraphs (b)(3)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section.
    (A) You may include in the determination only waste materials that 
are generated by dyeing/finishing operations in the affected source for 
which you use Equation 4 of this section and that will be treated or 
disposed of by a facility that is regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part 
262, 264, 265, or 266. The TSDF may be either off-site or on-site. You 
may not include organic HAP contained in wastewater.
    (B) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials 
sent to a TSDF during the compliance period or the amount collected and 
stored during the compliance period designated for future transport to 
a TSDF. Do not include in your determination any waste materials sent 
to a TSDF during a month if you have already included them in the 
amount collected and stored during that month or a previous month.
    (C) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the waste 
materials specified in paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(B) of this section.
    (D) You must document the methodology you use to determine the 
amount of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they 
contain, as required in Sec. 63.4530(g). To the extent that waste 
manifests include this, they may be used as part of the documentation 
of the amount of waste materials and mass of organic HAP contained in 
them.
    (4) Calculate the total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning 
materials used. Determine the total mass of dyeing, finishing, and 
cleaning materials used, kg, which is the combined mass of all the 
dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used during the compliance 
period, using Equation 5 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.009

Where:

Mt = total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials 
used during the compliance period, kg.
Mc,i = mass of dyeing, finishing, or cleaning material, i, 
used during the compliance period, kg.
m = number of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used during the 
compliance period.

    (5) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate, kg organic HAP emitted 
per kg dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material used, using Equation 6 
of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.010

Where:

Hmo = the organic HAP emission rate for the compliance 
period, kg of organic HAP emitted per kg of dyeing, finishing, and 
cleaning materials.
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions from all materials 
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by Equation 4 of 
this section.
Mt = total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials 
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by Equation 5 of 
this section.

    (6) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the 
initial compliance period must be less than or equal to the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records as 
required by Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification

[[Page 46067]]

of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the 
dyeing/finishing operation(s) for which you used the emission rate 
without add-on controls option and submit a statement that the dyeing/
finishing operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission 
limitations during the initial compliance period because the organic 
HAP emission rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, determined according to the 
procedures of this section.
    (i) If your affected source performs only dyeing operations, 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section apply to dyeing materials 
only, and you must demonstrate compliance with the emission limit in 
Table 1 to this subpart for dyeing operations.
    (ii) If your affected source performs only finishing operations, 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section apply to finishing 
materials only, and you must demonstrate compliance with the emission 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart for finishing operations.
    (iii) If your affected source performs both dyeing and finishing 
operations, paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section apply to 
dyeing and finishing materials combined, and you must demonstrate 
compliance with the emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart for 
dyeing and finishing operations.


Sec. 63.4352  How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

    (a) To demonstrate continuous compliance, the organic HAP emission 
rate for each compliance period, determined according to 
Sec. 63.4351(a) for coating/printing operations and according to 
Sec. 63.4351(b) for dyeing/finishing operations, must be less than or 
equal to the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. Each 
month following the initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4350 
is a compliance period.
    (b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 1-month compliance 
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart, this is a deviation from the emission limitations for that 
compliance period and must be reported as specified in 
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(6).
    (c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by 
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify any coating/printing operation or 
dyeing/finishing operation for which you used the emission rate without 
add-on controls option. If there were no deviations from the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, you must submit a statement 
that, as appropriate, the coating/printing operations or the dyeing/
finishing operations were in compliance with the emission limitations 
during the reporting period because the organic HAP emission rate for 
each compliance period was less than or equal to the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
    (d) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and 
63.4331.

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls 
Option


Sec. 63.4360  By what date must I conduct performance tests and other 
initial compliance demonstrations?

    (a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or 
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of 
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS 
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance 
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for 
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture 
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in 
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits 
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the applicable compliance date 
specified in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you 
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must initiate the first material balance no 
later than the applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
    (2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan 
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in 
Sec. 63.4283.
    (3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial 
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4361. The 
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date 
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full 
month after the compliance date, or the date you conduct the 
performance tests of the emission capture systems and add-on control 
devices, or initiate the first liquid-liquid material balance for a 
solvent recovery system, whichever is later. The initial compliance 
demonstration includes the results of emission capture system and add-
on control device performance tests conducted according to 
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid material 
balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5); calculations 
according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting documentation showing that 
during the initial compliance period the organic HAP emission rate was 
equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart; the operating limits established during the performance tests 
and the results of the continuous parameter monitoring required by 
Sec. 63.4374; and documentation of whether you developed and 
implemented the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293.
    (4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the 
emission capture system and add-on control device required by 
Sec. 63.4292 until after you have completed the performance tests 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must 
maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission 
capture system, add-on control device, and continuous parameter 
monitors during the period between the compliance date and the 
performance test. You must begin complying with the operating limits 
for your affected source on the date you complete the performance tests 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. This requirement does 
not apply to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances according to the requirements of 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5).
    (b) Existing sources. For an existing affected source, you must 
meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS 
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance 
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for 
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture 
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in 
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits 
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the compliance date specified 
in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you conduct 
liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you 
must initiate the first material balance no later than the compliance 
date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
    (2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan 
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in 
Sec. 63.4283.
    (3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial 
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4361. The 
initial compliance period begins on the

[[Page 46068]]

applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the 
last day of the first full month after the compliance date. The initial 
compliance demonstration includes the results of emission capture 
system and add-on control device performance tests conducted according 
to Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid 
material balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5); 
calculations according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting documentation 
showing that during the initial compliance period the organic HAP 
emission rate was equal to or less than the applicable emission limit 
in Table 1 to this subpart; the operating limits established during the 
performance tests and the results of the continuous parameter 
monitoring required by Sec. 63.4374; and documentation of whether you 
developed and implemented the work practice plan required by 
Sec. 63.4293.


Sec. 63.4361  How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

    (a) You may use the emission rate with add-on controls option for 
any individual coating/printing operation, for any group of coating/
printing operations in the affected source, or for all of the coating/
printing operations in the affected source. You may include both 
controlled and uncontrolled coating/printing operations in a group for 
which you use this option. You must use either the compliant material 
option, the emission rate without add-on controls option, the organic 
HAP overall control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic 
HAP concentration option for any coating/printing operation in the 
affected source for which you do not use the emission rate with add-on 
controls option. To demonstrate initial compliance, any coating/
printing operation for which you use the emission rate with add-on 
controls option must meet the applicable emission limitations in Table 
1 to this subpart, and in Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293. You must meet all 
the requirements of this section. When calculating the organic HAP 
emission rate according to this section, do not include any coating, 
printing, thinning, or cleaning materials used on coating/printing 
operations for which you use the compliant material option, the 
emission rate without add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall 
control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration option. You do not need to redetermine the mass of 
organic HAP in coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials that 
have been reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating/printing 
operation(s) for which you use the emission rate with add-on control 
option.
    (b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in 
Sec. 63.4360(a)(4), and except for solvent recovery systems for which 
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must establish and demonstrate continuous 
compliance during the initial compliance period with the operating 
limits required by Sec. 63.4292, using the procedures specified in 
Secs. 63.4373 and 63.4374.
    (c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop, 
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan 
required by Sec. 63.4293 during the initial compliance period as 
specified in Sec. 63.4330.
    (d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures 
in paragraphs (d)(1) through (8) of this section to demonstrate 
compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart.
    (1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, the mass fraction 
of solids, and mass of materials used. Follow the procedures specified 
in Sec. 63.4351(a)(1), (2), and (3) to determine the mass fraction of 
organic HAP for each coating, printing, thinning and cleaning material 
used during the compliance period; the mass fraction of solids for each 
coating and printing material used during the compliance period; and 
mass of each coating, printing, thinning or cleaning material used 
during the compliance period.
    (2) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on 
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4351, calculate the total mass of 
organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coating, 
printing, thinning or cleaning materials used during the compliance 
period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials in the coating/
printing operation or group of coating/printing operations for which 
you use the emission rate with add-on controls.
    (3) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for each 
controlled coating/printing operation. Determine the mass of organic 
HAP emissions reduced for each controlled coating/printing operation 
during the compliance period. The emissions reductions determination 
quantifies the total organic HAP emissions that pass through the 
emission capture system and are destroyed or removed by the add-on 
control device. Use the procedures in paragraph (d)(4) of this section 
to calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions reductions for each 
controlled coating/printing operation using an emission capture system 
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for 
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. For each controlled 
coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery system for which 
you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, use the procedures in 
paragraph (d)(5) of this section to calculate the organic HAP emissions 
reductions.
    (4) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each 
controlled coating/printing operation not using liquid-liquid material 
balance. For each controlled coating/printing operation using an 
emission capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent 
recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, 
calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions using Equation 1 of this 
section. The equation applies the emission capture system efficiency 
and add-on control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP 
contained in the coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials 
that are used in the coating/printing operation served by the emission 
capture system and add-on control device during the compliance period. 
For any period of time a deviation specified in Sec. 63.4363(c) or (d) 
occurs in the controlled coating/printing operation, including a 
deviation during startup, shutdown, or malfunction, then you must 
assume zero efficiency for the emission capture system and add-on 
control device. Equation 1 of this section treats the materials used 
during such a deviation as if they were used on an uncontrolled 
coating/printing operation for the time period of the deviation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.011


[[Page 46069]]


Where:

HC = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the 
controlled coating/printing operation during the compliance period, kg.
AI = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing 
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation during the 
compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of this section.
BI = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning 
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation during the 
compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
HUNC = total mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning materials used during all deviations specified 
in Sec. 63.4363(c) and (d) that occurred during the compliance period 
in the controlled coating/printing operation, kg, as calculated in 
Equation 1C of this section.
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the 
add-on control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures 
specified in Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4371 to measure and record capture 
efficiency.
DRE = organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on 
control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures in 
Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4372 to measure and record the organic HAP 
destruction or removal efficiency.

    (i) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the coating and 
printing materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s) 
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.012

Where:

AI = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing 
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operations(s) during 
the compliance period, kg.
Mc,i = mass of coating or printing material, i, used during 
the compliance period, kg.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating or printing 
material, i, kg per kg.
m = number of different coating and printing materials used during 
compliance period.

    (ii) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and 
cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s) 
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.013

Where:

BI = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning 
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s) during 
the compliance period, kg.
Mt,j = total mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used 
during the compliance period, kg.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinning or cleaning 
material, j, kg per kg.
n = number of different thinning or cleaning materials used during the 
compliance period.

    (iii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/
printing operation during deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and 
(d), using Equation 1C of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.014

Where:

HUNC = total mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning materials used during all deviations specified 
in Sec. 63.4563(c) and (d) that occurred during the month in the 
controlled coating/printing operation, kg.
Mh = total mass of coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning 
material, h, used in the controlled coating/printing operation during 
deviations, kg.
Wh = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, printing, 
thinning, or cleaning material, h, kg organic HAP per kg material.
q = number of different coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials used.
    (5) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for controlled 
coating/printing operation using liquid-liquid material balances. For 
each controlled coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery 
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate 
the organic HAP emissions reductions by applying the volatile organic 
matter collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP 
contained in the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials 
that are used in the coating/printing operation controlled by the 
solvent recovery system during the compliance period. Perform a liquid-
liquid material balance for the compliance period as specified in 
paragraphs (d)(5)(i) through (v) of this section. Calculate the mass of 
organic HAP emissions reductions by the solvent recovery system as 
specified in paragraph (d)(5)(vi) of this section.
    (i) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain, 
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device 
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter 
recovered by the solvent recovery system for the compliance period. The 
device must be initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate 
to within 2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic 
matter recovered.
    (ii) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of 
volatile organic matter recovered for the compliance period, kg, based 
on measurement with the device required in paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this 
section.
    (iii) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for 
each coating and printing material used in the coating/printing 
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the 
compliance period, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating and 
printing material. You may determine the volatile organic matter mass 
fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an EPA 
approved alternative method, or you may use information provided by the 
manufacturer or supplier of the coating or printing material. In the 
event of any inconsistency between information provided by the 
manufacturer or supplier and the results of Method 24 of 40 CFR part 
60, appendix A, or an approved alternative method, the test method 
results will govern.
    (iv) Measure the mass of each coating, printing, thinning, or 
cleaning material used in the coating/printing operation controlled by 
the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
    (v) For the compliance period, calculate the solvent recovery 
system's volatile organic matter collection and recovery efficiency 
using Equation 2 of this section:

[[Page 46070]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.015

Where:

RV = volatile organic matter collection and recovery 
efficiency of the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, 
percent.
MVR = mass of volatile organic matter recovered by the 
solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
Mi = mass of coating or printing material, i, used in the 
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period, kg.
WVc,i = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for coating 
or printing material, i, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating or 
printing material.
Mj = mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used in the 
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period, kg.
WVt,j = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for 
thinning or cleaning material, j, kg volatile organic matter per kg 
thinning or cleaning material.
m = number of different coating and printing materials used in the 
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period.
n = number of different thinning and cleaning materials used in the 
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period.

    (vi) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reductions for the 
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period using Equation 3 of this section and 
according to paragraphs (d)(5)(vi)(A) and (B) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.016

Where:

HCSR = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the 
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period, kg.
ACSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing 
material used in the coating/printing operation controlled by the 
solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg, calculated 
using Equation 3A of this section.
BCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and 
cleaning materials used in the coating/printing operation controlled by 
the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg, 
calculated using Equation 3B of this section.
RV = volatile organic matter collection and recovery 
efficiency of the solvent recovery system, percent, from Equation 2 of 
this section.

    (A) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the coating and 
printing materials used in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled 
by the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg, using 
Equation 3A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.017

Where:

ACSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing 
materials used in the coating/printing operations(s) controlled by the 
solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
Mc,i = mass of coating or printing material, i, used during 
the compliance period in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled 
by the solvent recovery system, kg.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating or printing 
material, i, kg per kg.
m = number of different coating and printing materials used during 
compliance period.

    (B) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and 
cleaning materials used in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled 
by the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg, using 
Equation 3B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.018

Where:

BCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and 
cleaning materials used in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled 
by the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
Mt,j = total mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used 
during the compliance period in the coating/printing operation(s) 
controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinning or cleaning 
material, j, kg per kg.
n = number of different thinning or cleaning materials used during the 
compliance period.
    (6) Calculate the total mass of coating and printing solids used. 
Determine the total mass of coating and printing solids used, kg, which 
is the combined mass of the solids contained in all the coating and 
printing material used during the compliance period in the coating/
printing operation(s) or which you use the emission rate with add-on 
controls option, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351.
    (7) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate with add-on controls 
for the compliance period. Determine the organic HAP emission rate with 
add-on controls for the compliance period, kg organic HAP emitted per 
kg solids used during the compliance period, using Equation 4 of this 
section.

[[Page 46071]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.019

Where:

HHAP = organic HAP emission rate with add-on controls for 
the compliance period, kg organic HAP emitted per kg solids used.
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on 
controls from all the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials used during the compliance period, kg, determined according 
to paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
HC,i = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for 
controlled coating/printing operation, i, not using a liquid-liquid 
material balance, during the compliance period, kg, from Equation 1 of 
this section.
HCSR,j = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for 
coating/printing operation, j, controlled by a solvent recovery system 
using a liquid-liquid material balance, during the compliance period, 
kg, from Equation 3 of this section.
Ht = total mass of coating and printing solids used during 
the compliance period, kg, from Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351.
q = number of controlled coating/printing operations not using a 
liquid-liquid material balance.
r = number of coating/printing operations controlled by a solvent 
recovery system using a liquid-liquid material balance.

    (8) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance 
with the emission limit calculated using Equation 4 of this section, 
the organic emission rate with add-on controls for the compliance 
period must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in 
Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records as required by 
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance 
Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the coating/printing 
operation(s) for which you used the emission rate with add-on controls 
option and submit a statement that the coating/printing operation(s) 
was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations during the 
initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission rate was 
less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart, and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 
and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293.


Sec. 63.4362  [Reserved]


Sec. 63.4363  How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

    (a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, the organic HAP emission 
rate for each compliance period, determined according to the procedures 
in Sec. 63.4361, must be equal to or less than the applicable emission 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart. Each month following the initial 
compliance period described in Sec. 63.4360 is a compliance period. You 
must perform the calculations in Sec. 63.4361 on a monthly basis.
    (b) If the emission rate with add-on controls for any 1-month 
compliance period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to 
this subpart, this is a deviation from the emission limitation for that 
compliance period and must be reported as specified in 
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
    (c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating 
limit required by Sec. 63.4292 that applies to you, as specified in 
Table 2 to this subpart.
    (1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified 
in Table 2 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating 
limit that must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 
63.4320(a)(7).
    (2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit 
specified in Table 2 to this subpart, then you must assume that the 
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero 
efficiency during the time period of the deviation. For the purposes of 
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.4361(d)(4), 
you must treat the materials used during a deviation on a controlled 
coating/printing operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled 
coating/printing operation for the time period of the deviation as 
indicated in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in 
Sec. 63.4374(b) for controlled coating/printing operations for which 
you do not conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line 
is opened and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the 
coating/printing operation is running, this is a deviation that must be 
reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7). For the 
purposes of completing the compliance calculations specified in 
Sec. 63.4361(d)(4), you must treat the materials used during a 
deviation on a controlled coating/printing operation as if they were 
used on an uncontrolled coating/printing operation for the time period 
of the deviation, as indicated in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work 
practice standards in Sec. 63.4293. If you did not develop a work 
practice plan, or you did not implement the plan, or you did not keep 
the records required by Sec. 63.4330(j)(8), this is a deviation from 
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in 
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
    (f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in 
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify the coating/printing operation(s) for 
which you use the emission rate with add-on controls option. If there 
were no deviations from the emission limitations, submit a statement 
that you were in compliance with the emission limitations during the 
reporting period because the organic HAP emission rate for each 
compliance period was less than or equal to the applicable emission 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, and you achieved the operating limits 
required by Sec. 63.4292 and the work practice standards required by 
Sec. 63.4293 during each compliance period.
    (g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the 
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing 
operation that may affect emission capture or control device 
efficiency, you must operate in accordance with the startup, shutdown, 
and malfunction plan required by Sec. 63.4300(c).
    (h) Consistent with Secs. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that 
occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the 
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing 
operation that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency 
are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's 
satisfaction that you were operating in accordance with the startup, 
shutdown, and malfunction plan. The Administrator will determine 
whether deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or 
malfunction are

[[Page 46072]]

violations according to the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and 
63.4331.

Compliance Requirements for the Organic HAP Overall Control 
Efficiency and Oxidizer Outlet Organic HAP Concentration Options


Sec. 63.4365  By what date must I conduct performance tests and other 
initial compliance demonstrations?

    (a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or 
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of 
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS 
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance 
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for 
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture 
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in 
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits 
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the applicable compliance date 
specified in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you 
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must initiate the first material balance no 
later than the applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
    (2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan 
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in 
Sec. 63.4283.
    (3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial 
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4366. The 
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date 
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full 
month after the compliance date, or the date you conduct the 
performance tests of the emission capture systems and add-on control 
devices, or initiate the first liquid-liquid material balance for a 
solvent recovery system, whichever is later. The initial compliance 
demonstration includes the results of emission capture system and add-
on control device performance tests conducted according to 
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid material 
balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4366(d)(5); calculations 
according to Sec. 63.4366 and supporting documentation showing that 
during the initial compliance period either the organic HAP overall 
control efficiency was equal to or greater than the applicable overall 
control efficiency limit in Table 1 to this subpart or the oxidizer 
outlet organic HAP concentration was no greater than 20 parts per 
million by weight (ppmw) on a dry basis; the operating limits 
established during the performance tests and the results of the 
continuous parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.4374; and 
documentation of whether you developed and implemented the work 
practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293.
    (4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the 
emission capture system and add-on control device required by 
Sec. 63.4292 until after you have completed the performance tests 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must 
maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission 
capture system, add-on control device, and continuous parameter 
monitors during the period between the compliance date and the 
performance test. You must begin complying with the operating limits 
for your affected source on the date you complete the performance tests 
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. This requirement does 
not apply to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances according to the requirements of 
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5).
    (b) Existing sources. For an existing affected source, you must 
meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS 
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance 
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for 
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture 
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in 
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits 
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the compliance date specified 
in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you conduct 
liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you 
must initiate the first material balance no later than the compliance 
date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
    (2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan 
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in 
Sec. 63.4283.
    (3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial 
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4366. The 
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date 
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full 
month after the compliance date. The initial compliance demonstration 
includes the results of emission capture system and add-on control 
device performance tests conducted according to Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, 
and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid material balances conducted 
according to Sec. 63.4366(d)(5); calculations according to Sec. 63.4366 
and supporting documentation showing that during the initial compliance 
period the organic HAP overall control efficiency was equal to or 
greater than the applicable organic HAP overall control efficiency 
limit in Table 1 to this subpart or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration was no greater than 20 ppmw on a dry basis and the 
efficiency of the capture system was 100 percent; the operating limits 
established during the performance tests and the results of the 
continuous parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.4374; and 
documentation of whether you developed and implemented the work 
practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293.


Sec. 63.4366  How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

    (a) You may use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option 
or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option for any 
individual coating/printing operation, for any group of coating/
printing operations in the affected source, or for all of the coating/
printing operations in the affected source. You may include both 
controlled and uncontrolled coating/printing operations in a group for 
which you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option. You 
must use either the compliant material option, the emission rate 
without add-on controls option, or the emission rate with add-on 
controls option for any coating/printing operation(s) in the affected 
source for which you do not use either the organic HAP overall control 
efficiency option or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration 
option. To demonstrate initial compliance, any coating/printing 
operation for which you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency 
option must meet the applicable organic HAP overall control efficiency 
limitations in Table 1 to this subpart according to the procedures in 
paragraph (d) of this section. Any coating/printing operation for which 
you use the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option must meet 
the 20 ppmw on a dry basis limit and achieve 100 percent capture 
efficiencies according to the procedures in paragraph (e) of this 
section. To demonstrate initial compliance with either option, you also 
must meet the

[[Page 46073]]

applicable operating limits in Sec. 63.4292 according to the procedures 
in paragraph (b) of this section and the work practice standards in 
Sec. 63.4293 according to the procedures in paragraph (c) of this 
section. When calculating the organic HAP overall control efficiency 
according to this section, do not include any coating, printing, 
thinning, or cleaning materials used on coating/printing operations for 
which you use the compliant material option, the emission rate without 
add-on controls option, the emission rate with add-on controls option, 
or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option. You do not 
need to redetermine the mass of organic HAP in coating, printing, 
thinning, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed onsite and 
reused in coating/printing operation(s) for which you use the organic 
HAP overall control efficiency option.
    (b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in 
Sec. 63.4365(a)(4), and except for solvent recovery systems for which 
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to 
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must establish and demonstrate continuous 
compliance during the initial compliance period with the operating 
limits required by Sec. 63.4292, using the procedures specified in 
Secs. 63.4373 and 63.4374.
    (c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop, 
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan 
required by Sec. 63.4293 during the initial compliance period as 
specified in Sec. 63.4330.
    (d) Compliance with organic HAP overall control efficiency limits. 
You must follow the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (7) of this 
section to demonstrate compliance with the applicable organic HAP 
overall control efficiency limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
    (1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and mass of coating 
or printing materials used. Follow the procedures specified in 
Sec. 63.4351(a)(1) and (2) to determine the mass fraction of organic 
HAP and mass of each coating, printing, thinning or cleaning material 
used during the compliance period.
    (2) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on 
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4351, calculate the total mass of 
organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coating, 
printing, thinning or cleaning materials used during the compliance 
period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials in the coating/
printing operation or group of coating/printing operations for which 
you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option.
    (3) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for each 
controlled coating/printing operation. Determine the mass of organic 
HAP emissions reduced for each controlled coating/printing operation 
during the compliance period. The emissions reductions determination 
quantifies the total organic HAP emissions that pass through the 
emission capture system and are destroyed or removed by the add-on 
control device. Use the procedures in paragraph (d)(4) of this section 
to calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions reductions for each 
controlled coating/printing operation using an emission capture system 
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for 
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. For each controlled 
coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery system for which 
you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, use the procedures in 
paragraph (d)(5) of this section to calculate the organic HAP emissions 
reductions.
    (4) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for controlled 
coating/printing operations not using liquid-liquid material balance. 
For each controlled coating/printing operation using an emission 
capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery 
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate 
the organic HAP emissions reductions using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361. 
The equation applies the emission capture system efficiency and add-on 
control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained in the 
coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials that are used in the 
coating/printing operation served by the emission capture system and 
add-on control device during the compliance period. For any period of 
time a deviation specified in Sec. 63.4363(c) or (d) occurs in the 
controlled coating/printing operation, including a deviation during 
startup, shutdown, or malfunction, then you must assume zero efficiency 
for the emission capture system and add-on control device. Equation 1 
of Sec. 63.4361 treats the materials used during such a deviation as if 
they were used on an uncontrolled coating/printing operation for the 
time period of the deviation.
    (i) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the coating and 
printing material(s) used in the controlled coating/printing operation 
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1A of Sec. 63.4361.
    (ii) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and 
cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s) 
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1B of Sec. 63.4361.
    (iii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/
printing operation during deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and 
(d), using Equation 1C of Sec. 63.4361.
    (5) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for controlled 
coating/printing operations using liquid-liquid material balance. For 
each controlled coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery 
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate 
the organic HAP emissions reductions by applying the volatile organic 
matter collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP 
contained in the coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials 
that are used in the coating/printing operation controlled by the 
solvent recovery system during the compliance period. Perform a liquid-
liquid material balance for the compliance period as specified in 
paragraphs (d)(5)(i) through (vi) of this section.
    (i) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain, 
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device 
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter 
recovered by the solvent recovery system for the compliance period. The 
device must be initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate 
to within  2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic 
matter recovered.
    (ii) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of 
volatile organic matter recovered for the compliance period, kg, based 
on measurement with the device required in paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this 
section.
    (iii) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for 
each coating and printing material used in the coating/printing 
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the 
compliance period, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating and 
printing material. You may determine the volatile organic matter mass 
fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an EPA 
approved alternative method, or you may use information provided by the 
manufacturer or supplier of the coating or printing material. In the 
event of any inconsistency between information provided by the 
manufacturer or supplier and the results of Method 24 of

[[Page 46074]]

40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an approved alternative method, the test 
method results will govern.
    (iv) Measure the mass of each coating, printing, thinning, or 
cleaning material used in the coating/printing operation controlled by 
the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
    (v) For the compliance period, calculate the solvent recovery 
system's volatile organic matter collection and recovery efficiency 
using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (vi) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions reductions for the 
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system 
during the compliance period, using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (6) Calculate the organic HAP overall control efficiency. Determine 
the organic HAP overall control efficiency, kg organic HAP emissions 
reductions per kg organic HAP emissions before add-on controls during 
the compliance period, using Equation 1 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.020

Where:

He = total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on 
controls from all the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials used during the compliance period, kg, determined according 
to paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
HC,i = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for 
controlled coating/printing operation, i, during the compliance period, 
kg, from Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
HCSR,j = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for 
controlled coating/printing operation, j, during the compliance period, 
kg, from Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4361.
q = number of controlled coating/printing operations except those 
controlled with a solvent recovery system.
r = number of coating/printing operations controlled with a solvent 
recovery system.

    (7) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance 
with the organic HAP overall control efficiency in Table 1 to this 
subpart, organic HAP overall control efficiency calculated using 
Equation 1 of this section must be at least 98 percent for new or 
reconstructed affected sources and at least 97 percent for existing 
affected sources. You must keep all records as required by 
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance 
Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the coating/printing 
operation(s) for which you used the organic HAP overall control 
efficiency option and submit a statement that the coating/printing 
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations 
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP overall 
control efficiency was greater than or equal to the applicable organic 
HAP overall control efficiency in Table 1 to this subpart, and you 
achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 and the work 
practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293.
    (e) Compliance with oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration 
limit. You must follow the procedures in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) 
of this section to demonstrate compliance with the oxidizer outlet 
organic HAP concentration limit of no greater than 20 ppmw on a dry 
basis.
    (1) Install and operate a PTE. Install and operate a PTE around 
each work station and associated drying or curing oven in the coating/
printing operation. An enclosure that meets the requirements in 
Sec. 63.4371(a) is considered a PTE. Route all organic emissions from 
each PTE to an oxidizer.
    (2) Determine oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration. Determine 
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration through performance tests 
using the procedures in Sec. 63.4372(a) and (b).
    (3) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance 
with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit in Table 1 to 
this subpart, the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration must be no 
greater than 20 ppmv on a dry basis and the efficiency of the capture 
system must be 100 percent. You must keep all records as required by 
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance 
Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the coating/printing 
operation(s) for which you used the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration option and submit a statement that the coating/printing 
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations 
during the initial compliance period because the oxidizer outlet 
organic HAP concentration was no greater than 20 ppmv on a dry basis, 
the efficiency of the capture system was 100 percent, and you achieved 
the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 and the work practice 
standards required by Sec. 63.4293.


Sec. 63.4367  [Reserved]


Sec. 63.4368  How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limitations?

    (a) You must meet all the requirements of this section to 
demonstrate continuous compliance with the organic HAP overall control 
efficiency. The organic HAP overall control efficiency for each 
compliance period, determined according to the procedures in 
Sec. 63.4366(d), must be equal to or greater than the applicable 
organic HAP overall control efficiency limit in Table 1 to this 
subpart. Each month following the initial compliance period described 
in Sec. 63.4365 is a compliance period. You must perform the 
calculations in Sec. 63.4366(d) on a monthly basis. You must meet the 
applicable requirements of paragraphs (c) through (j) of this section 
to demonstrate continuous compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic 
HAP concentration limit.
    (b) If the organic HAP overall control efficiency for any 1-month 
compliance period failed to meet the applicable organic HAP overall 
control efficiency in Table 1 to this subpart, this is a deviation from 
the emission limitation for that compliance period and must be reported 
as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
    (c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating 
limit required by Sec. 63.4292 that applies to you, as specified in 
Table 2 to this subpart.
    (1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified 
in Table 2 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating 
limit that must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 
63.4320(a)(7).
    (2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit 
specified in Table 2 to this subpart, then you must assume that the 
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero 
efficiency during the

[[Page 46075]]

time period of the deviation. For the purposes of completing the 
compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.4366(d)(4), you must treat 
the materials used during a deviation on a controlled coating/printing 
operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled coating/printing 
operation for the time period of the deviation as indicated in Equation 
1 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in 
Sec. 63.4374(b) for controlled coating/printing operations for which 
you do not conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line 
is opened and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the 
coating/printing operation is running, this is a deviation that must be 
reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7). For the 
purposes of completing the compliance calculations specified in 
Sec. 63.4366(d)(4), you must treat the materials used during a 
deviation on a controlled coating/printing operation as if they were 
used on an uncontrolled coating/printing operation for the time period 
of the deviation as indicated in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
    (e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work 
practice standards in Sec. 63.4293. If you did not develop a work 
practice plan, or you did not implement the plan, or you did not keep 
the records required by Sec. 63.4330(j)(8), this is a deviation from 
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in 
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
    (f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in 
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify the coating/printing operation(s) for 
which you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option or the 
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option. If there were no 
deviations from the organic HAP overall control efficiency limitations, 
submit a statement that you were in compliance with the emission 
limitations during the reporting period because the organic HAP overall 
control efficiency for each compliance period was greater than or equal 
to the applicable organic HAP overall control efficiency in Table 1 to 
this subpart, and you achieved the operating limits required by 
Sec. 63.4292 and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293 
during each compliance period. If there were no deviations from the 
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit, submit a statement 
that you were in compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration limit, the efficiency of the capture system is 100 
percent, and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 
and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293 during each 
compliance period.
    (g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the 
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing 
operation that may affect emission capture or control device 
efficiency, you must operate in accordance with the startup, shutdown, 
and malfunction plan required by Sec. 63.4300(c).
    (h) Consistent with Secs. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that 
occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the 
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing 
operation that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency 
are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's 
satisfaction that you were operating in accordance with the startup, 
shutdown, and malfunction plan. The Administrator will determine 
whether deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or 
malfunction are violations according to the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and 
63.4331.

Performance Testing and Monitoring Requirements


Sec. 63.4370  What are the general requirements for performance tests?

    (a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec. 63.4360 
or Sec. 63.4365 according to the requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and 
under the conditions in this section, unless you obtain a waiver of the 
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
    (1) Representative coating/printing operation operating conditions. 
You must conduct the performance test under representative operating 
conditions for the coating/printing operation. Operations during 
periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction and during periods of 
nonoperation do not constitute representative conditions. You must 
record the process information that is necessary to document operating 
conditions during the test and explain why the conditions represent 
normal operation.
    (2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control 
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when 
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at 
a representative flow rate, and the add-on control device is operating 
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information 
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on 
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the 
conditions represent normal operation.
    (b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture 
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4371. You must conduct 
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the 
requirements in Sec. 63.4372.


Sec. 63.4371  How do I determine the emission capture system 
efficiency?

    You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to 
determine capture efficiency as part of the performance test required 
by Sec. 63.4360 or Sec. 63.4365.
    (a) Assuming 100 percent capture efficiency. You may assume the 
capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the conditions in 
paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section are met.
    (1) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix 
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from 
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
    (2) All coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used in 
the coating/printing operation are applied within the capture system; 
coating and printing solvent flash-off, curing, and drying occurs 
within the capture system; and the removal or evaporation of cleaning 
materials from the surfaces they are applied to occurs within the 
capture system. For example, this criterion is not met if the web 
enters the open shop environment when moving between the application 
station and a curing oven.
    (b) Measuring capture efficiency. If the capture system does not 
meet both of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section, 
then you must use one of the three protocols described in paragraphs 
(c), (d), and (e) of this section to measure capture efficiency. The 
capture efficiency measurements use TVH capture efficiency as a 
surrogate for organic HAP capture efficiency. For the protocols in 
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the capture efficiency 
measurement must consist of three test runs. Each test run must be at 
least 3 hours duration or the length of a production run, up to 8 
hours.
    (c) Liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a temporary total 
enclosure or building enclosure. The liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol 
compares the mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the coating/
printing operation to the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the 
emission capture system. Use a

[[Page 46076]]

temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure and the procedures in 
paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section to measure emission 
capture system efficiency using the liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol.
    (1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure 
around the coating/printing operation where coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where 
emissions from these applied coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing, and drying 
areas. The areas of the coating/printing operation where capture 
devices collect emissions for routing to an add-on control device, such 
as the entrance and exit areas of an oven or tenter frame, must also be 
inside the enclosure. The enclosure must meet the applicable definition 
of a temporary total enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of 
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
    (2) Use Method 204A or 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to 
determine the mass fraction of TVH liquid input from each coating, 
printing, thinning, and cleaning material used in the coating/printing 
operation during each capture efficiency test run. To make the 
determination, substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term volatile 
organic compounds (VOC) in the methods.
    (3) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the total mass of 
TVH liquid input from all the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials used in the coating/printing operation during each capture 
efficiency test run.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.021

Where:

TVHused = mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the 
coating/printing operation during the capture efficiency test run, lb.
TVHi = mass fraction of TVH in coating, printing, thinning, 
or cleaning material, i, that is used in the coating/printing operation 
during the capture efficiency test run, kg TVH per kg material.
Mi = total mass of coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning 
material, i, used in the coating/printing operation during the capture 
efficiency test run, kg.
n = number of different coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials used in the coating/printing operation during the capture 
efficiency test run.

    (4) Use Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure 
the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by the 
emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the temporary 
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency 
test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence 
of the term VOC in the methods.
    (i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total 
enclosure.
    (ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure. 
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound-
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the 
coating/printing operation for which capture efficiency is being 
determined, must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be 
operating normally.
    (5) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent 
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 2 of 
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.022

Where:

CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the 
add-on control device, percent.
TVHused = total mass of TVH liquid input used in the 
coating/printing operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHuncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by 
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total 
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run, 
kg.

    (6) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system 
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test 
runs.
    (d) Gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a 
building enclosure. The gas-to-gas protocol compares the mass of TVH 
emissions captured by the emission capture system to the mass of TVH 
emissions not captured. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building 
enclosure and the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this 
section to measure emission capture system efficiency using the gas-to-
gas protocol.
    (1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure 
around the coating/printing operation where coating, printing, 
thinning, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where 
emissions from these applied coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning 
materials subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing, and drying 
areas. The areas of the coating/printing operation where capture 
devices collect emissions generated by the coating/printing operation 
for routing to an add-on control device, such as the entrance and exit 
areas of an oven or a tenter frame, must also be inside the enclosure. 
The enclosure must meet the applicable definition of a temporary total 
enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR 
part 51.
    (2) Use Method 204B or 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to 
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions captured by the emission 
capture system during each capture efficiency test run as measured at 
the inlet to the add-on control device. To make the measurement, 
substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
    (i) The sampling points for the Method 204B or 204C measurement 
must be upstream from the add-on control device and must represent 
total emissions routed from the capture system and entering the add-on 
control device.
    (ii) If multiple emission streams from the capture system enter the 
add-on control device without a single common duct, then the emissions 
entering the add-on control device must be simultaneously measured in 
each duct and the total emissions entering the add-on control device 
must be determined.
    (3) Use Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to 
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by 
the emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the 
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture 
efficiency test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each 
occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.

[[Page 46077]]

    (i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total 
enclosure.
    (ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure. 
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound-
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the 
coating/printing operation for which capture efficiency is being 
determined, must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be 
operating normally.
    (4) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent 
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 3 of 
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.023

Where:
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the 
add-on control device, percent.
TVHcaptured = total mass of TVH captured by the emission 
capture system as measured at the inlet to the add-on control device 
during the emission capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHuncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by 
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total 
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run, 
kg.

    (5) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system 
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test 
runs.
    (e) Alternative capture efficiency protocol. As an alternative to 
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, you 
may determine capture efficiency using any other capture efficiency 
protocol and test methods that satisfy the criteria of either the DQO 
or LCL approach as described in appendix A to subpart KK of this part.


Sec. 63.4372  How do I determine the add-on control device emission 
destruction or removal efficiency?

    You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to 
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal 
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Secs. 63.4360 
and 63.4365. You must conduct three test runs as specified in 
Sec. 63.7(e)(3) and each test run must last at least 1 hour.
    (a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods 
as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
    (1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as 
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
    (2) Use Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR 
part 60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
    (3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as 
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight. You 
may also use as an alternative to Method 3B, the manual method for 
measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide content of 
exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME, PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas 
Analyses.''
    (4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 to determine stack 
gas moisture.
    (5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular 
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during 
each test run.
    (b) Measure the volatile organic matter concentration as carbon at 
the inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously, using 
Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60. If you are 
demonstrating compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration limit, only the outlet volatile organic matter 
concentration must be determined. The outlet volatile organic matter 
concentration is determined as the average of the three test runs.
    (1) Use Method 25 if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and 
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be more 
than 50 parts per million (ppm) at the control device outlet.
    (2) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and 
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be 50 
ppm or less at the control device outlet. Method 25A must be used to 
demonstrate compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP 
concentration limit.
    (3) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is not an oxidizer.
    (c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same 
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet to the 
atmosphere of each device. For example, if one add-on control device is 
a concentrator with an outlet to the atmosphere for the high-volume, 
dilute stream that has been treated by the concentrator, and a second 
add-on control device is an oxidizer with an outlet to the atmosphere 
for the low-volume, concentrated stream that is treated with the 
oxidizer, you must measure emissions at the outlet of the oxidizer and 
the high volume dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.
    (d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic 
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and the outlet of the add-on 
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than 
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate 
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this 
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet 
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.024

Where:

Mf = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg/per 
hour (h).
Cc = concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the 
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, ppmv, dry basis.
Qsd = volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the 
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 
2G, dry standard cubic meters/hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter 
(mole/m \3\) (@ 293 Kelvin (K) and 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)).

    (e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic 
emissions destruction or removal efficiency using Equation 2 of this 
section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP11JY02.025

Where:

DRE = organic emissions destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on 
control device, percent.
Mfi = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the 
inlet(s) to the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this 
section, kg/h.

[[Page 46078]]

Mfo = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the 
outlet(s) of the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this 
section, kg/h.

    (f) Determine the emission destruction or removal efficiency of the 
add-on control device as the average of the efficiencies determined in 
the three test runs and calculated in Equation 2 of this section.


Sec. 63.4373  How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on 
control device operating limits during the performance test?

    During the performance test required by Sec. 63.4360 or 
Sec. 63.4365 and described in Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, you 
must establish the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 according 
to this section, unless you have received approval for alternative 
monitoring and operating limits under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in 
Sec. 63.4292.
    (a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal 
oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (a)(1) 
and (2) of this section.
    (1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the 
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of 
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of 
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before 
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
    (2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate 
and record the average combustion temperature maintained during the 
performance test. This average combustion temperature is the minimum 
operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
    (b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a 
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either 
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) or paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
    (1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the 
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference 
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes during each of 
the three test runs.
    (2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate 
and record the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the 
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained 
during the performance test. These are the minimum operating limits for 
your catalytic oxidizer.
    (3) As an alternative to monitoring the temperature difference 
across the catalyst bed, you may monitor the temperature at the inlet 
to the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific inspection and 
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph 
(b)(4) of this section. During the performance test, you must monitor 
and record the temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once 
every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs. Use the data 
collected during the performance test to calculate and record the 
average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance 
test. This is the minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
    (4) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance 
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor 
according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The plan must address, 
at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through 
(iii) of this section.
    (i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e., 
conversion efficiency) following the manufacturer's or catalyst 
supplier's recommended procedures.
    (ii) Monthly inspection of the oxidizer system, including the 
burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems and, as necessary, 
adjust the equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel mixtures.
    (iii) Annual internal and monthly external visual inspection of the 
catalyst bed to check for channeling, abrasion, and settling. If 
problems are found, you must take corrective action consistent with the 
manufacturer's recommendations and conduct a new performance test to 
determine destruction efficiency according to Sec. 63.4566.
    (c) Carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is a carbon 
adsorber, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (c)(1) 
and (2) of this section.
    (1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing 
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle, 
and the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and 
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately preceding 
or immediately following the performance test.
    (2) The operating limits for your carbon adsorber are the minimum 
total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the regeneration cycle, 
and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded after the cooling 
cycle.
    (d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser, 
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) 
of this section.
    (1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the 
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at least once every 15 
minutes during each of the three test runs.
    (2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate 
and record the average condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature 
maintained during the performance test. This average condenser outlet 
gas temperature is the maximum operating limit for your condenser.
    (e) Concentrator. If your add-on control device includes a 
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator 
according to paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the 
desorption concentrate stream gas temperature at least once every 15 
minutes during each of the three runs of the performance test.
    (2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate 
and record the average temperature. This is the minimum operating limit 
for the desorption concentrate gas stream temperature.
    (3) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the 
pressure drop of the dilute stream across the concentrator at least 
once every 15 minutes during each of the three runs of the performance 
test.
    (4) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate 
and record the average pressure drop. This is the maximum operating 
limit for the dilute stream across the concentrator.
    (f) Emission capture system. For each capture device that is not 
part of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.4371(a), establish an 
operating limit for either the gas volumetric flow rate or duct static 
pressure, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section. 
The operating limit for a PTE is specified in Table 2 to this subpart.
    (1) During the capture efficiency determination required by 
Sec. 63.4360 or Sec. 63.4365 and described in Secs. 63.4370 and 
63.4371, you must monitor and record either the gas volumetric flow 
rate or the duct static pressure for each separate capture device in 
your emission capture system at least once every 15 minutes during each 
of the three test runs at a point in the duct between the capture 
device and the add-on control device inlet.
    (2) Calculate and record the average gas volumetric flow rate or 
duct static pressure for the three test runs for each capture device. 
This average gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure is the 
minimum operating limit for that specific capture device.

[[Page 46079]]

Sec. 63.4374  What are the requirements for continuous parameter 
monitoring system (CPMS) installation, operation, and maintenance?

    (a) General. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS 
specified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this section 
according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section. You must 
install, operate, and maintain each CPMS specified in paragraphs (b) 
and (d) of this section according to paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) of 
this section.
    (1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for 
each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of four 
equally spaced successive cycles of CPMS operation in 1 hour.
    (2) You must determine the average of all recorded readings for 
each successive 3-hour period of the emission capture system and add-on 
control device operation.
    (3) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration, 
and validation check of the CPMS.
    (4) You must maintain the CPMS at all times and have available 
necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.
    (5) You must operate the CPMS and collect emission capture system 
and add-on control device parameter data at all times that a controlled 
coating/printing operation is operating, except during monitoring 
malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or 
control activities (including, if applicable, calibration checks and 
required zero and span adjustments).
    (6) You must not use emission capture system or add-on control 
device parameter data recorded during monitoring malfunctions, 
associated repairs, out-of-control periods, or required quality 
assurance or control activities when calculating data averages. You 
must use all the data collected during all other periods in calculating 
the data averages for determining compliance with the emission capture 
system and add-on control device operating limits.
    (7) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not 
reasonably preventable failure of the CPMS to provide valid data. 
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or 
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the 
monitoring system is out-of-control and data are not available for 
required calculations is a deviation from the monitoring requirements.
    (b) Capture system bypass line. You must meet the requirements of 
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for each emission capture 
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from 
the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
    (1) You must monitor or secure the valve or closure mechanism 
controlling the bypass line in a nondiverting position in such a way 
that the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without creating a 
record that the valve was opened. The method used to monitor or secure 
the valve or closure mechanism must meet one of the requirements 
specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) Flow control position indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain, 
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow 
control position indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15 
minutes and provides a record indicating whether the emissions are 
directed to the add-on control device or diverted from the add-on 
control device. The time of occurrence and flow control position must 
be recorded, as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The 
flow control position indicator must be installed at the entrance to 
any bypass line that could divert the emissions away from the add-on 
control device to the atmosphere.
    (ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass 
line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key 
type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal or closure 
mechanism at least once every month to ensure that the valve is 
maintained in the closed position, and the emissions are not diverted 
away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
    (iii) Valve closure continuous monitoring. Ensure that any bypass 
line valve is in the closed (non-diverting) position through monitoring 
of valve position at least once every 15 minutes. You must inspect the 
monitoring system at least once every month to verify that the monitor 
will indicate valve position.
    (iv) Automatic shutdown system. Use an automatic shutdown system in 
which the coating/printing operation is stopped when flow is diverted 
by the bypass line away from the add-on control device to the 
atmosphere when the coating/printing operation is running. You must 
inspect the automatic shutdown system at least once every month to 
verify that it will detect diversions of flow and shutdown the coating/
printing operation.
    (2) If any bypass line is opened, you must include a description of 
why the bypass line was opened and the length of time it remained open 
in the semiannual compliance reports required in Sec. 63.4320.
    (c) Thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers. If you are using a 
thermal oxidizer or catalytic oxidizer as an add-on control device 
(including those with concentrators or with carbon adsorbers to treat 
desorbed concentrate streams), you must comply with the requirements in 
paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
    (1) For a thermal oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in 
the firebox of the thermal oxidizer or in the duct immediately 
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
    (2) For a catalytic oxidizer, install gas temperature monitors both 
upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The temperature monitors 
must be in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed 
to measure the temperature difference across the bed.
    (3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must 
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c)(3)(i) through (vii) of 
this section for each gas temperature monitoring device.
    (i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a 
representative temperature.
    (ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 4 
degrees Fahrenheit or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever 
is larger.
    (iii) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic 
interference and chemical contaminants.
    (iv) If a gas temperature chart recorder is used, it must have a 
measurement sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 degrees 
Fahrenheit.
    (v) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually 
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual. 
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature 
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature 
sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a 
reading within 30 degrees Fahrenheit of the process temperature sensor 
reading.
    (vi) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor 
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature 
range or install a new temperature sensor.
    (vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and 
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic 
corrosion.
    (d) Carbon adsorbers. If you are using a carbon adsorber as an add-
on control device, you must monitor the total regeneration desorbing 
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle, 
the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and

[[Page 46080]]

cooling cycle, and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and (d)(1) 
and (2) of this section.
    (1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an 
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10 
percent capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass 
flow for each regeneration cycle.
    (2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must have a measurement 
sensitivity of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree 
Fahrenheit, whichever is greater, and must be capable of recording the 
temperature within 15 minutes of completing any carbon bed cooling 
cycle.
    (e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the 
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with 
paragraphs (a) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) The gas temperature monitor must have a measurement sensitivity 
of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit, 
whichever is greater.
    (2) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record 
at least once every 15 minutes.
    (f) Concentrator. If you are using a concentrator, such as a 
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must comply with 
the requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) You must install a temperature monitor in the desorption gas 
stream. The temperature monitor must meet the requirements in 
paragraphs (a) and (c)(3) of this section.
    (2) You must install a device to monitor pressure drop across the 
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed. The pressure monitoring device must 
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (f)(2)(i) through (vii) of 
this section.
    (i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that 
provides a representative measurement of the pressure.
    (ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and 
internal and external corrosion.
    (iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 0.5 inch of water or 
a transducer with a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure 
range.
    (iv) Check the pressure tap daily.
    (v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and 
transducer calibration monthly.
    (vi) Conduct calibration checks anytime the sensor exceeds the 
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a 
new pressure sensor.
    (vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, 
electrical connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for 
leakage.
    (g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system 
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and 
(2) of this section.
    (1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the 
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this 
section.
    (i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a 
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in 
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
    (ii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to 
upstream and downstream disturbances.
    (iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least 
semiannually.
    (iv) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical 
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
    (2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with 
the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2)(i) through (vi) of this 
section.
    (i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that 
provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop across each 
opening you are monitoring.
    (ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and 
internal and external corrosion.
    (iii) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.
    (iv) Using an inclined manometer with a measurement sensitivity of 
0.0002 inch water, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer 
calibration monthly.
    (v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the 
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a 
new pressure sensor.
    (vi) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical 
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.

Other Requirements and Information


Sec. 63.4380  Who implements and enforces this subpart?

    (a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S. 
EPA, or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal 
agency. If the Administrator has delegated authority to your State, 
local, or tribal agency, then that agency (as well as the U.S. EPA), 
has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should 
contact your EPA Regional Office to find out if implementation and 
enforcement of this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or 
tribal agency.
    (b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this 
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this 
part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are 
retained by the Administrator and are not transferred to the State, 
local, or tribal agency.
    (c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or 
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this 
section:
    (1) Approval of alternatives to the work practice standards in 
Sec. 63.4293 under Sec. 63.6(g).
    (2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under 
Sec. 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
    (3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec. 63.8(f) 
and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
    (4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting 
under Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.


Sec. 63.4381  What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in 40 CFR 63.2, 
the General Provisions of this part, and in this section as follows:
    Add-on control means an air pollution control device, such as a 
thermal oxidizer or carbon adsorber, that reduces pollution in an air 
stream by destruction or removal before discharge to the atmosphere.
    As purchased means the condition of a coating, printing, slashing, 
dyeing, or finishing material as delivered to the affected source, 
before alteration.
    Capture device means a hood, enclosure, room, floor sweep, or other 
means of containing or collecting emissions and directing those 
emissions into an add-on air pollution control device.
    Capture efficiency means the portion (expressed as a percentage) of 
the pollutants from an emission source that is delivered to an add-on 
control device.
    Capture system means one or more capture devices intended to 
collect emissions generated by a coating or printing operation in the 
use of coating or printing materials, both at the point of application 
and at subsequent points where emissions from the coating or printing 
materials occur, such as flashoff, drying, or curing. As used in this 
subpart, multiple capture devices that collect emissions generated by a 
coating or printing operation are considered a single capture system.
    Cleaning material means a solvent used to remove contaminants and 
other

[[Page 46081]]

materials, such as dirt, grease, or oil, from a textile before or after 
a coating/printing operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/finishing 
operation or from equipment associated with the coating/ printing 
operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/finishing operation, such as 
tanks, rollers, rotary screens, and knife or wiper blades. Thus, it 
includes any cleaning material used on substrates or equipment or both.
    Coating means the application of a semi-liquid coating material to 
one or both sides of a textile web substrate. Once the coating material 
is dried (and cured, if necessary), it bonds with the textile to form a 
continuous solid film for decorative, protective, or functional 
purposes. Coating does not include finishing where the fiber is 
impregnated with a chemical or resin to impart certain properties, but 
a solid film is not formed. Coating does not include the production or 
printing of laminated fabric.
    Coating material means an elastomer, polymer, or prepolymer 
material applied as a thin layer to a textile web. Such materials 
include, but are not limited to, coatings, sealants, inks, and 
adhesives. Decorative, protective, or functional materials that consist 
only of acids, bases, or any combination of these substances are not 
considered coating material for the purposes of this subpart. Thinning 
materials also are not included in this definition of coating 
materials, but are accounted for separately.
    Coating operation means equipment used to apply cleaning materials 
to a substrate to prepare it for coating material application (surface 
preparation), to apply coating material to a substrate (coating 
application) and to dry or cure the coating material after application 
by exposure to heat or radiation (coating drying or curing), or to 
clean coating operation equipment (equipment cleaning). A single 
coating operation may include any combination of these types of 
equipment, but always includes at least the point at which a coating or 
cleaning material is applied and all subsequent points in the affected 
source where organic HAP emissions from that coating or cleaning 
material occur. There may be multiple coating operations in an affected 
source. Coating application with handheld, nonrefillable aerosol 
containers, touch-up markers, or marking pens is not a coating 
operation for the purposes of this subpart. A coating operation with 
coating material drying or curing at ambient conditions is not coating 
for the purposes of this subpart.
    Continuous parameter monitoring system means the total equipment 
that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability 
requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition (if 
applicable), analyze, and provide a record of coating or printing 
operation, or capture system, or add-on control device parameters.
    Controlled coating/printing operation means a coating/printing 
operation from which some or all of the organic HAP emissions are 
routed through an emission capture system and add-on control device.
    Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to 
this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
    (1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this 
subpart, including but not limited to any emission limit, or operating 
limit, or work practice standard;
    (2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to 
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is 
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to 
obtain such a permit; or
    (3) Fails to meet any emission limit, or operating limit, or work 
practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or 
malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is permitted by 
this subpart.
    Dyeing means the process of applying color to the whole body of a 
textile substrate with either natural or synthetic dyes. Dyes are 
applied to yarn, fiber, cord, or fabric in aqueous solutions and dried 
before or after finishing, depending on the process. Continuous dyeing 
processes include, but are not limited to thermosol, pad/steam, pad/
dry, and rope range dyeing. Batch dyeing processes include, but are not 
limited to, jet, beck, stock, yarn, kier, beam, pad, package and skein 
dyeing.
    Dyeing materials means the purchased dyes and dyeing auxiliaries 
that are used in the dyeing process. The dyes are the substances that 
add color to textiles through incorporation into the fiber by chemical 
reaction, absorption or dispersion. Dyeing auxiliaries are various 
substances that can be added to the dyebath to aid dyeing. Dyeing 
auxiliaries may be necessary to transfer the dye from the dyebath to 
the fiber or they may provide improvements in the dyeing process or 
characteristics of the dyed fiber.
    Dyeing operation means the collection of equipment used to dye a 
textile substrate and includes equipment used for dye application, dye 
fixation, textile substrate rinsing and drying, or to clean dyeing 
operation equipment. A single dyeing operation may include any 
combination of these types of equipment, but always includes at least 
the point at which a dyeing or cleaning material is applied and all 
subsequent points in the affected source where organic HAP emissions 
from that dyeing or cleaning material occur. There may be multiple 
dyeing operations in an affected source.
    Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or 
work practice standard.
    Enclosure means a structure that surrounds a source of emissions 
and captures and directs the emissions to an add-on control device.
    Exempt compound means a specific compound that is not considered a 
VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. The exempt compounds 
are listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
    Fabric means any woven, knitted, plaited, braided, felted, or non-
woven material made of filaments, fibers, or yarns including thread. 
This term includes material made of fiberglass, natural fibers, 
synthetic fibers, or composite.
    Finishing means the chemical treatment of a textile (e.g., with 
resins, softeners, stain resist or soil release agents, water 
repellants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, or hand builders) that 
improves the appearance and/or usefulness of the textile substrate.
    Finishing materials means the purchased substances (including 
auxiliaries added to the finish to improve the finishing process or the 
characteristics of the finished textile) that are applied individually 
or as mixtures to textile substrates to impart desired properties.
    Finishing operations means the collection of equipment used to 
finish a textile substrate including chemical finish applicator(s), 
flashoff area(s) and drying or curing oven(s).
    Laminated fabric means fabric composed of a high-strength 
reinforcing base fabric between two plies of flexible thermoplastic 
film. Also, two or more fabrics or a fabric and a paper substrate may 
be bonded with an adhesive to form a laminate.
    Manufacturer's formulation data means data on a material (such as a 
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing) that are supplied by 
the material manufacturer based on knowledge of the ingredients used to 
manufacture that material, rather than based on testing of the 
material. Manufacturer's formulation data may include, but are not 
limited to, information on density, organic HAP content, and coating, 
printing, dyeing,

[[Page 46082]]

slashing, finishing, thinning, or cleaning material content.
    Mass fraction of organic HAP means the ratio of the mass of organic 
HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained; kg of organic 
HAP per kg of material.
    Month means a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 days 
to 35 days to allow for flexibility in recordkeeping when data are 
based on a business accounting period.
    Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of 
solids for a coating or printing material calculated using Equation 1 
of Sec. 63.4341. The organic HAP content is determined for the coating 
or printing material as purchased.
    Permanent total enclosure (PTE) means a permanently installed 
enclosure that meets the criteria of Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR 
part 51, for a PTE and that directs all the exhaust gases from the 
enclosure to an add-on control device.
    Printing means the application of color and patterns to textiles, 
usually in the form of a paste, using a variety of techniques 
including, but not limited to, ink jet, roller and rotary screen 
printing. After application of the printing material, the textile 
usually is treated with steam, heat, or chemicals to fix the color.
    Printing material means the purchased substances, usually including 
gums or thickeners, dyes and appropriate chemicals such as defoamers 
and resins that are mixed to produce the print pastes applied to 
textile substrates as patterns and colors.
    Printing operation means equipment used to apply cleaning materials 
to a substrate to prepare it for printing material application (surface 
preparation), to apply printing material to a substrate (printing 
application) and to dry or cure the printing material after application 
by exposure to heat or radiation (printing material drying or curing), 
or to clean printing operation equipment (equipment cleaning). A single 
printing operation may include any combination of these types of 
equipment, but always includes at least the point at which a printing 
or cleaning material is applied and all subsequent points in the 
affected source where organic HAP emissions from that printing or 
cleaning material occur. There may be multiple printing operations in 
an affected source. A printing operation with printing material drying 
or curing at ambient conditions is not printing for the purposes of 
this subpart.
    Regulated materials means the HAP-containing materials that are 
used in the three printing, coating, and dyeing subcategories defined 
in Sec. 63.4281(a) and are the source of the HAP emissions limited by 
the requirements of this subpart. The specific regulated materials for 
each subcategory are defined in Sec. 63.4282.
    Research or laboratory facility means a facility whose primary 
purpose is for research and development of new processes and products 
that is conducted under the close supervision of technically trained 
personnel and is not engaged in the manufacture of final or 
intermediate products for commercial purposes, except in a de minimis 
manner.
    Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40 
CFR 70.2.
    Slashing means the application of a chemical sizing solution to 
warp yarns prior to weaving to protect against snagging or abrasion 
that could occur during weaving.
    Slashing materials, also known as sizing, means the purchased 
compounds that are applied to warp yarns prior to weaving. Starch, 
gelatin, oil, wax, and manufactured polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, 
polystyrene, polyacrylic acid and polyacetates are used as sizing 
compounds.
    Slashing operation means the equipment used to mix and prepare size 
for application and the slasher, which is the equipment used to apply 
and dry size on warp yarn.
    Solids means the nonvolatile portion of the coating and printing 
materials that makes up the dry film on a coated substrate and the 
pattern or color on a printed substrate.
    Startup, initial means the first time equipment is brought online 
in a facility.
    Surface preparation means chemical treatment of part or all of a 
substrate to prepare it for coating, printing, dyeing and finishing 
material application.
    Temporary total enclosure means an enclosure constructed for the 
purpose of measuring the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted from 
a given source as defined in Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR part 51.
    Textile means any one of the following:
    (1) Staple fibers and filaments suitable for conversion to or use 
as yarns, or for the preparation of woven, knit, or nonwoven fabrics;
    (2) Yarns made from natural or manufactured fibers;
    (3) Fabrics and other manufactured products made from staple fibers 
and filaments and from yarn; and
    (4) Garments and other articles fabricated from fibers, yarns, or 
fabrics.
    Thinning material means an organic solvent that is added to a 
coating or printing material after the coating or printing material is 
received from the supplier.
    Total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) means the total amount of 
nonaqueous volatile organic material determined according to Methods 
204A through 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and substituting the 
term TVH each place in the methods where the term VOC is used. The TVH 
includes both VOC and non-VOC.
    Uncontrolled coating/printing operation means a coating/printing 
operation from which none of the organic HAP emissions are routed 
through an emission capture system and add-on control device.
    Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any compounds defined as VOC 
in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
    Wastewater means water that is generated in a coating, printing, 
slashing, dyeing or finishing operation and is collected, stored, or 
treated prior to being discarded or discharged.
    Web means a continuous textile substrate which is flexible enough 
to be wound or unwound as rolls.

Tables to Subpart OOOO of Part 63

    If you are required to comply with operating limits in 
Sec. 63.4292, you must comply with the applicable emission limits in 
the following table:

[[Page 46083]]



     Table 1 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Emission Limits for New or
Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, Coating and
          Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles Source Category
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Then this is the
                                                          organic HAP
                                   And it conducts .  emission limit for
If your affected source is a . .          . .            each 1-month
                .                                      compliance period
                                                             . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. New or reconstructed coating   Coating operations  You may choose any
 and printing affected source.     only, or Printing   one of the
                                   operations only,    following limits:
                                   or Both coating     Reduce organic
                                   and printing        HAP emissions to
                                   operations.         the atmosphere by
                                                       achieving at
                                                       least a 98
                                                       percent organic
                                                       HAP overall
                                                       control
                                                       efficiency; Limit
                                                       organic HAP
                                                       emissions to the
                                                       atmosphere to no
                                                       more than 0.08 kg
                                                       of organic HAP
                                                       per kg of solids
                                                       used; or If you
                                                       use an oxidizer
                                                       to control
                                                       organic HAP
                                                       emissions,
                                                       operate the
                                                       oxidizer such
                                                       that an outlet
                                                       organic HAP
                                                       concentration of
                                                       no greater then
                                                       20 ppmv by
                                                       compound on a dry
                                                       basis is achieved
                                                       and the
                                                       efficiency of the
                                                       capture system is
                                                       100 percent.
2. Existing coating and printing  Coating operations  You may choose any
 affected source.                  only, or Printing   one of the
                                   operations only,    following limits:
                                   or Both coating     Reduce organic
                                   and printing        HAP emissions to
                                   operations.         the atmosphere by
                                                       achieving at
                                                       least a 97
                                                       percent organic
                                                       HAP overall
                                                       control
                                                       efficiency; Limit
                                                       organic HAP
                                                       emissions to the
                                                       atmosphere to no
                                                       more than 0.12 kg
                                                       of organic HAP
                                                       per kg of solids
                                                       used; or If you
                                                       use an oxidizer
                                                       to control
                                                       organic HAP
                                                       emissions,
                                                       operate the
                                                       oxidizer such
                                                       that an outlet
                                                       organic HAP
                                                       concentration of
                                                       no greater than
                                                       20 ppmv on a dry
                                                       basis is achieved
                                                       and the
                                                       efficiency of the
                                                       capture system is
                                                       100 percent.
3. New, reconstructed or          a. Dyeing           You must limit
 existing dyeing and finishing     operations only.    organic HAP
 affected source.                                      emissions to the
                                                       atmosphere to no
                                                       more than 0.016
                                                       kg of organic HAP
                                                       per kg of dyeing
                                                       materials.
                                  b. Finishing        You must limit
                                   operations only.    organic HAP
                                                       emissions to the
                                                       atmosphere to no
                                                       more than zero kg
                                                       of organic HAP
                                                       per kg of
                                                       finishing
                                                       materials as
                                                       determined
                                                       according to Sec.
                                                        63.4341 of this
                                                       subpart.
                                  c. Both dyeing and  You must limit
                                   finishing           organic HAP
                                   operations.         emissions to the
                                                       atmosphere to no
                                                       more than 0.016
                                                       kg of organic HAP
                                                       per kg of dyeing
                                                       and finishing
                                                       materials.
4. New, reconstructed or          Slashing            You must limit
 existing slashing affected        operations only.    organic HAP
 source.                                               emissions to the
                                                       atmosphere to no
                                                       more than zero kg
                                                       organic HAP per
                                                       kg of slashing
                                                       materials as
                                                       determined
                                                       according to Sec.
                                                        63.4341 of this
                                                       subpart.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    If you are required to comply with the operating limits by 
Sec. 63.4292, you must comply with the applicable operating limits in 
the following table:

  Table 2 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Operating Limits if Using Add-On
                   Control Devices and Capture System
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         And you must
                                   You must meet the      demonstrate
                                       following          continuous
 For the following device . . .    operating limit .    compliance with
                                          . .            the operating
                                                        limit by . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. thermal oxidizer.............  a. the average      i. collecting the
                                   combustion          combustion
                                   temperature in      temperature data
                                   any 3-hour period   according to Sec.
                                   must not fall        63.4374(c); ii.
                                   below the           reducing the data
                                   combustion          to 3-hour block
                                   temperature limit   averages; and
                                   established         iii. maintaining
                                   according to Sec.   the 3-hour
                                    63.4373(a).        average
                                                       combustion at or
                                                       above the
                                                       temperature
                                                       limit.
2. catalytic oxidizer...........  a. the average      i. collecting the
                                   temperature         temperature data
                                   measured just       according to Sec.
                                   before the           63.4374(c); ii.
                                   catalyst bed in     reducing the data
                                   any 3-hour period   to 3-hour block
                                   must not fall       averages; and
                                   below the limit     iii. maintaining
                                   established         the 3-hour
                                   according to Sec.   average
                                    63.4373(b); and    temperature
                                   either.             before the
                                                       catalyst bed at
                                                       or above the
                                                       temperature
                                                       limit.
                                  b. ensure that the  collecting the
                                   average             temperature data
                                   temperature         according to Sec.
                                   difference across    63.4374(c),
                                   the catalyst bed    reducing the data
                                   in any 3-hour       to 3-hour block
                                   period does not     averages, and
                                   fall below the      maintaining the 3-
                                   temperature         hour average
                                   difference limit    temperature
                                   established         difference at or
                                   according to Sec.   above the
                                    63.4373(b)(2);     temperature
                                   or.                 difference limit.
                                  c. develop and      maintaining an up-
                                   implement an        to-date
                                   inspection and      inspection and
                                   maintenance plan    maintenance plan,
                                   according to Sec.   records of annual
                                    63.4373(b)(4).     catalyst activity
                                                       checks, records
                                                       of monthly
                                                       inspections of
                                                       the oxidizer
                                                       system, and
                                                       records of the
                                                       catalyst bed. If
                                                       a problem is
                                                       discovered during
                                                       a monthly or
                                                       annual inspection
                                                       required by Sec.
                                                       63.4373(b)(4),
                                                       you must take
                                                       corrective action
                                                       as soon as
                                                       practicable
                                                       consistent with
                                                       the
                                                       manufacturer's
                                                       recommendations.

[[Page 46084]]

 
3. carbon adsorber..............  a. the total        i. measuring the
                                   regeneration        total
                                   desorbing gas       regeneration
                                   (e.g., steam or     desorbing gas
                                   nitrogen) mass      (e.g., steam or
                                   flow for each       nitrogen) mass
                                   carbon bed          flow for each
                                   regeneration        regeneration
                                   cycle must not      cycle according
                                   fall below the      to Sec.
                                   total               63.4374(d); and
                                   regeneration        ii. maintaining
                                   desorbing gas       the total
                                   mass flow limit     regeneration
                                   established         desorbing gas
                                   according to Sec.   mass flow at or
                                    63.4373(c).        above the mass
                                                       flow limit.
                                  b. the temperature  i. measuring the
                                   of the carbon       temperature of
                                   bed, after          the carbon bed
                                   completing each     after completing
                                   regeneration and    each regeneration
                                   any cooling         and any cooling
                                   cycle, must not     cycle according
                                   exceed the carbon   to Sec.
                                   bed temperature     63.4374(d); and
                                   limit established   ii. operating the
                                   according to Sec.   carbon beds such
                                    63.4373(c).        that each carbon
                                                       bed is not
                                                       returned to
                                                       service until
                                                       completing each
                                                       regeneration and
                                                       any cooling cycle
                                                       until the
                                                       recorded
                                                       temperature of
                                                       the carbon bed is
                                                       at or below the
                                                       temperature
                                                       limit.
4. condenser....................  a. the average      i. collecting the
                                   condenser outlet    condenser outlet
                                   (product side)      (product side)
                                   gas temperature     gas temperature
                                   in any 3-hour       according to Sec.
                                   period must not      63.4374(e); ii.
                                   exceed the          reducing the data
                                   temperature limit   to 3-hour block
                                   established         averages; and
                                   according to Sec.   iii. maintaining
                                    63.4373(d).        the 3-hour
                                                       average gas
                                                       temperature at
                                                       the outlet at or
                                                       below the
                                                       temperature
                                                       limit.
5. concentrators, including       a. the average gas  i. collecting the
 zeolite wheels and rotary         temperature of      temperature data
 carbon adsorbers.                 the desorption      according to
                                   concentrate         63.4374(f); ii.
                                   stream in any 3-    reducing the data
                                   hour period must    to 3-hour block
                                   not fall below      averages; and
                                   the limit           iii. maintaining
                                   established         the 3-hour
                                   according to Sec.   average
                                    63.4373(e).        temperature at or
                                                       above the
                                                       temperature
                                                       limit.
                                  b. the average      i. collecting the
                                   pressure drop of    pressure drop
                                   the dilute stream   data according to
                                   across the          63.4374(f); and
                                   concentrator in     ii. reducing the
                                   any 3-hour period   pressure drop
                                   must not fall       data to 3-hour
                                   below the limit     block averages;
                                   established         and iii.
                                   according to Sec.   maintaining the 3-
                                    63.4373(e).        hour average
                                                       pressure drop at
                                                       or above the
                                                       pressure drop
                                                       limit.
6. emission capture system that   a. the direction    i. collecting the
 is a PTE according to Sec.        of the air flow     direction of air
 63.44371(a).                      at all times must   flow, and either
                                   be into the         the facial
                                   enclosure; and      velocity of air
                                   either.             through all
                                                       natural draft
                                                       openings
                                                       according to Sec.
                                                        63.4374(g)(1) or
                                                       the pressure drop
                                                       across the
                                                       enclosure
                                                       according to Sec.
                                                        63.4374(g)(2);
                                                       and ii. reducing
                                                       the data for
                                                       facial velocity
                                                       or pressure drop
                                                       to 3-hour block
                                                       averages; and
                                                       iii. maintaining
                                                       the 3-hour
                                                       average facial
                                                       velocity of air
                                                       flow through all
                                                       natural draft
                                                       openings or the
                                                       pressure drop at
                                                       or above the
                                                       facial velocity
                                                       limit or pressure
                                                       drop limit, and
                                                       maintaining the
                                                       direction of air
                                                       flow into the
                                                       enclosure at all
                                                       times.
                                  b. the average      See item 6a of
                                   facial velocity     this table.
                                   of air through
                                   all natural draft
                                   openings in the
                                   enclosure must be
                                   at least 200 feet
                                   per minute; or.
                                  c. the pressure     See item 6a of
                                   drop across the     this table.
                                   enclosure must be
                                   at least 0.007
                                   inch H2O, as
                                   established in
                                   Method 204 of
                                   appendix M to 40
                                   CFR part 51.
7. emission capture system that   a. the average gas  i. collecting the
 is not a PTE according to Sec.    volumetric flow     gas volumetric
 63.4371(a).                       rate or duct        flow rate or duct
                                   static pressure     static pressure
                                   in each duct        for each capture
                                   between a capture   device according
                                   device and add-on   to Sec.
                                   control device      63.4374(g); ii.
                                   inlet in any 3-     reducing the data
                                   hour period must    to 3-hour block
                                   not fall below      averages; and
                                   the average         iii. maintaining
                                   volumetric flow     the 3-hour
                                   rate or duct        average gas
                                   static pressure     volumetric flow
                                   limit established   rate or duct
                                   for that capture    static pressure
                                   device according    for each capture
                                   to Sec.             device at or
                                   63.4373(f).         above the gas
                                                       volumetric flow
                                                       rate or duct
                                                       static pressure
                                                       limit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements 
according to the following table:

            Table 3 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart OOOO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Applicable to subpart
               Citation                        Subject                    OOOO                 Explanation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.  63.1(a)(1)-(14)................  General Applicability..  Yes.                     .......................

[[Page 46085]]

 
Sec.  63.1(b)(1)-(3).................  Initial Applicability    Yes....................  Applicability to
                                        Determination.                                    subpart 0000 is also
                                                                                          specified in Sec.
                                                                                          63.4281.
Sec.  63.1(c)(1).....................  Applicability After      Yes.                     .......................
                                        Standard Established.
Sec.  63.1(c)(2)-(3).................  Applicability of Permit  No.....................  Area sources are not
                                        Program for Area                                  subject to subpart
                                        Sources.                                          0000.
Sec.  63.1(c)(4)-(5).................  Extensions and           Yes.                     .......................
                                        Notifications.
Sec.  63.1(e)........................  Applicability of Permit  Yes.                     .......................
                                        Program Before
                                        Relevant Standard is
                                        Set.
Sec.  63.2...........................  Definitions............  Yes....................  Additional definitions
                                                                                          are specified in Sec.
                                                                                          63.4381.
Sec.  63.3(a)-(c)....................  Units and Abbreviations  Yes.                     .......................
Sec.  63.4(a)(1)-(5).................  Prohibited Activities..  Yes.                     .......................
Sec.  63.4(b)-(c)....................  Circumvention/           Yes.                     .......................
                                        Severability.
Sec.  63.5(a)........................  Construction/            Yes.                     .......................
                                        Reconstruction.
Sec.  63.5(b)(1)-(6).................  Requirements for         Yes.                     .......................
                                        Existing, Newly
                                        Constructed, and
                                        Reconstructed Sources.
Sec.  63.5(d)........................  Application for          Yes.                     .......................
                                        Approval of
                                        Construction/
                                        Reconstruction.
Sec.  63.5(e)........................  Approval of              Yes.                     .......................
                                        Construction/
                                        Reconstruction.
Sec.  63.5(f)........................  Approval of              Yes.                     .......................
                                        Construction/
                                        Reconstruction Based
                                        on Prior State Review.
Sec.  63.6(a)........................  Compliance with          Yes.                     .......................
                                        Standards and
                                        Maintenance
                                        Requirements--Applicab
                                        ility.
Sec.  63.6(b)(1)-(7).................  Compliance Dates for     Yes....................  Section 63.4283
                                        New and Reconstructed                             specifies the
                                        Sources.                                          compliance dates.
Sec.  63.6(c)(1)-(5).................  Compliance Dates for     Yes....................  Section 63.4283
                                        Existing Sources.                                 specifies the
                                                                                          compliance dates.
Sec.  63.6(e)(1)-(2).................  Operation and            Yes.                     .......................
                                        Maintenance.
Sec.  63.6(e)(3).....................  Startup, Shutdown, and   Yes....................  Only sources using an
                                        Malfunction Plan.                                 add-on control device
                                                                                          to comply with the
                                                                                          standards must
                                                                                          complete startup,
                                                                                          shutdown, and
                                                                                          malfunction plans.
Sec.  63.6(f)(1).....................  Compliance Except        Yes....................  Applies only to sources
                                        During Startup,                                   using an add-on
                                        Shutdown, and                                     control device to
                                        Malfunction.                                      comply with the
                                                                                          standards.
Sec.  63.6(f)(2)-(3).................  Methods for Determining  Yes.                     .......................
                                        Compliance.
Sec.  63.6(g)(1)-(3).................  Use of an Alternative    Yes.                     .......................
                                        Standard.
Sec.  63.6(h)........................  Compliance With Opacity/ Yes....................  Subpart 0000 does not
                                        Visible Emission                                  establish opacity
                                        Standards.                                        standards and does not
                                                                                          require continuous
                                                                                          opacity monitoring
                                                                                          systems (COMS).
Sec.  63.6(i)(1)-(16)................  Extension of Compliance  Yes....................
Sec.  63.6(j)........................  Presidential Compliance  Yes....................
                                        Exemption.
Sec.  63.7(a)(1).....................  Performance Test         Yes....................  Applies to all affected
                                        Requirements--Applicab                            sources. Additional
                                        ility.                                            requirements for
                                                                                          performance testing
                                                                                          are specified in Secs.
                                                                                          63.4364, 63.4365, and
                                                                                          63.4366.
Sec.  63.7(a)(2).....................   Performance Test        Yes....................  Applies only to
                                        Requirements--Dates.                              performance tests for
                                                                                          capture system and
                                                                                          control device
                                                                                          efficiency at sources
                                                                                          using these to comply
                                                                                          with the standard.
                                                                                          Section 63.4360
                                                                                          specifies the schedule
                                                                                          for performance test
                                                                                          requirements that are
                                                                                          earlier than those
                                                                                          specified in Sec.
                                                                                          63.7(a)(2).
Sec.  63.7(a)(3).....................  Performance Tests        Yes....................
                                        Required by the
                                        Administrator.
Sec.  63.7(b)-(e)....................  Performance Test         Yes....................  Applies only to
                                        Requirements--Notifica                            performance tests for
                                        tion, Quality                                     capture system and
                                        Assurance, Facilities                             control device
                                        Necessary for Safe                                efficiency at sources
                                        Testing, Conditions                               using these to comply
                                        During Test.                                      with the standard.
Sec.  63.7(f)........................  Performance Test         Yes....................  Applies to all test
                                        Requirements--Use of                              methods except those
                                        Alternative Test                                  used to determine
                                        Method.                                           capture system
                                                                                          efficiency.
Sec.  63.7(g)-(h)....................  Performance Test         Yes....................  Applies only to
                                        Requirements--Data                                performance tests for
                                        Analysis,                                         capture system and add-
                                        Recordkeeping,                                    on control device
                                        Reporting, Waiver of                              efficiency at sources
                                        Test.                                             using these to comply
                                                                                          with the standards.

[[Page 46086]]

 
Sec.  63.8(a)(1)-(3).................  Monitoring               Yes....................  Applies only to
                                        Requirements--Applicab                            monitoring of capture
                                        ility.                                            system and add-on
                                                                                          control device
                                                                                          efficiency at sources
                                                                                          using these to comply
                                                                                          with the standards.
                                                                                          Additional
                                                                                          requirements for
                                                                                          monitoring are
                                                                                          specified in Sec.
                                                                                          63.4368.
Sec.  63.8(a)(4).....................  Additional Monitoring    No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                        Requirements.                                     have monitoring
                                                                                          requirements for
                                                                                          flares.
Sec.  63.8(b)........................  Conduct of Monitoring..  Yes....................
Sec.  63.8(c)(1)-(3).................  Continuous Monitoring    Yes....................  Applies only to
                                        Systems (CMS)                                     monitoring of capture
                                        Operation and                                     system and add-on
                                        Maintenance.                                      control device
                                                                                          efficiency at sources
                                                                                          using these to comply
                                                                                          with the standards.
                                                                                          Additional
                                                                                          requirements for CMS
                                                                                          operations and
                                                                                          maintenance are
                                                                                          specified in Sec.
                                                                                          63.4368.
Sec.  63.8(c)(4).....................  CMS....................  No.....................  Section 63.4368
                                                                                          specifies the
                                                                                          requirements for the
                                                                                          operation of CMS for
                                                                                          capture systems and
                                                                                          add-on control devices
                                                                                          at sources using these
                                                                                          to comply.
Sec.  63.8(c)(5).....................  COMS...................  No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                                                                          have opacity or
                                                                                          visible emission
                                                                                          standards.
Sec.  63.8(c)(6).....................  CMS Requirements.......  No.....................  Section 63.4368
                                                                                          specifies the
                                                                                          requirements for
                                                                                          monitoring systems for
                                                                                          capture systems and
                                                                                          add-on control devices
                                                                                          at sources using these
                                                                                          to comply.
Sec.  63.8(c)(7)-(8).................  CMS Out of Control       Yes....................
                                        Periods and Reporting.
Sec.  63.8(d)-(e)....................  Quality Control Program  No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                        and CMS Performance                               require the use of
                                        Evaluation.                                       continuous emissions
                                                                                          monitoring systems.
Sec.  63.8(f)(1)-(5).................  Use of an Alternative    Yes....................
                                        Monitoring Method.
Sec.  63.8(f)(6).....................  Alternative to Relative  No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                        Accuracy Test.                                    require the use of
                                                                                          continuous emissions
                                                                                          monitoring systems.
Sec.  63.8(g)(1)-(5).................  Data Reduction.........  No.....................  Sections 63.4363 and
                                                                                          63.4368 specify
                                                                                          monitoring data
                                                                                          reduction.
Sec.  63.9(a)-(d)....................  Notification             Yes....................
                                        Requirements.
Sec.  63.9(e)........................  Notification of          Yes....................  Applies only to capture
                                        Performance Test.                                 system and add-on
                                                                                          control device
                                                                                          performance tests at
                                                                                          sources using these to
                                                                                          comply with the
                                                                                          standards.
Sec.  63.9(f)........................  Notification of Visible  No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                        Emissions/Opacity Test.                           have opacity or
                                                                                          visible emission
                                                                                          standards.
Sec.  63.9(g)(1)-(3).................  Additional               No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                        Notifications When                                require the use of
                                        Using CMS.                                        continuous emissions
                                                                                          monitoring systems.
Sec.  63.9(h)........................  Notification of          Yes....................  Section 63.4310
                                        Compliance Status.                                specifies the dates
                                                                                          for submitting the
                                                                                          notification of
                                                                                          compliance status.
Sec.  63.9(i)........................  Adjustment of Submittal  Yes....................
                                        Deadlines.
Sec.  63.9(j)........................  Change in Previous       Yes....................
                                        Information.
Sec.  63.10(a).......................  Recordkeeping/           Yes....................
                                        Reporting--Applicabili
                                        ty and General
                                        Information.
Sec.  63.10(b)(1)....................  General Recordkeeping    Yes....................  Additional requirements
                                        Requirements.                                     are specified in Secs.
                                                                                          63.4330 and 63.4331.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v).............  Recordkeeping Relevant   Yes....................  Requirements for
                                        to Startup, Shutdown,                             Startup, Shutdown, and
                                        and Malfunction                                   Malfunction records
                                        Periods and CMS.                                  only apply to add-on
                                                                                          control devices used
                                                                                          to comply with the
                                                                                          standards.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(vi)-(xi)...........  .......................  Yes....................
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xii)...............  Records................  Yes....................
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xiii)..............  .......................  No.....................  Subpart 0000 does not
                                                                                          require the use of
                                                                                          continuous emissions
                                                                                          monitoring systems.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xiv)...............  .......................  Yes....................
Sec.  63.10(b)(3)....................  Recordkeeping            Yes....................
                                        Requirements for
                                        Applicability
                                        Determinations.

[[Page 46087]]

 
Sec.  63.10(c)(1)-(6)................  Additional               Yes....................
                                        Recordkeeping
                                        Requirements for
                                        Sources with CMS.
Sec.  63.10(c)(7)-(8)................  .......................  No.....................  The same records are
                                                                                          required in Sec.
                                                                                          63.4320(a)(4).
Sec.  63.10(c)(9)-(15)...............  .......................  Yes....................
Sec.  63.10(d)(1)....................  General Reporting        Yes....................  Additional requirements
                                        Requirements.                                     are specified in Sec.
                                                                                          63.4320
Sec.  63.10(d)(2)....................  Report of Performance    Yes....................  Additional requirements
                                        Test Results.                                     are specified in Sec.
                                                                                          63.4320(h).
Sec.  63.10(d)(3)....................  Reporting Opacity or     No.....................  Subpart 0000 does not
                                        Visible Emissions                                 require opacity or
                                        Observations.                                     visible emissions
                                                                                          observations.
Sec.  63.10(d)(4)....................  Progress Reports for     Yes....................
                                        Sources With
                                        Compliance Extensions.
Sec.  63.10(d)(5)....................  Startup, Startup,        Yes....................  Applies only to add-on
                                        Shutdown, and                                     control devices at
                                        Malfunction Reports.                              sources using these to
                                                                                          comply with the
                                                                                          standards.
Sec.  63.10(e)(1)-(2)................  Additional CMS Reports.  No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                                                                          require the use of
                                                                                          continuous emissions
                                                                                          monitoring systems.
Sec.  63.10(e)(3)....................  Excess Emissions/CMS     No.....................  Section 63.4320(g)
                                        Performance Reports.                              specifies the contents
                                                                                          of periodic compliance
                                                                                          reports.
Sec.  63.10(e)(4)....................  COMS Data Reports......  No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                                                                          specify requirements
                                                                                          for opacity or COMS.
Sec.  63.10(f).......................  Recordkeeping/Reporting  Yes....................
                                        Waiver.
Sec.  63.11..........................  Control Device           No.....................  Subpart OOOO does not
                                        Requirements/Flares.                              specify use of flares
                                                                                          for compliance.
Sec.  63.12..........................  State Authority and      Yes....................
                                        Delegations.
Sec.  63.13..........................  Addresses..............  Yes....................
Sec.  63.14..........................  Incorporation by         Yes....................
                                        Reference.
Sec.  63.15..........................  Availability of          Yes....................
                                        Information/
                                        Confidentiality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for 
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's 
formulation data.

 Table 4 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction
                     for Solvents and Solvent Blends
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Average
                                              Organic    Typical Organic
    Solvent/Solvent blend        CAS. No.    HAP Mass     HAP, Percent
                                             Fraction         Mass
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Toluene...................     108-88-3       1.0    Toluene.
2. Xylene(s).................    1330-20-7       1.0    Xylenes,
                                                         ethylbenzene.
3. Hexane....................     110-54-3       0.5    n-hexane.
4. n-Hexane..................     110-54-3       1.0    n-hexane.
5. Ethylbenzene..............     100-41-4       1.0    Ethylbenzene.
6. Aliphatic 140.............  ...........       0      None.
7. Aromatic 100..............  ...........       0.02   1% xylene, 1%
                                                         cumene.
8. Aromatic 150..............  ...........       0.09   Naphthalene.
9. Aromatic naptha...........   64742-95-6       0.02   1% xylene, 1%
                                                         cumene.
10. Aromatic solvent.........   64742-94-5       0.1    Naphthalene.
11. Exempt mineral spirits...    8032-32-4       0      None.
12. Ligroines (VM & P).......    8032-32-4       0      None.
13. Lactol spirits...........   64742-89-6       0.15   Toluene.
14. Low aromatic white spirit   64742-82-1       0      None.
15. Mineral spirits..........   64742-88-7       0.01   Xylenes.
16. Hydrotreated naphtha.....   64742-48-9       0      None.
17. Hydrotreated light          64742-47-8       0.001  Toluene.
 distillate.
18. Stoddard solvent.........    8052-41-3       0.01   Xylenes.
19. Super high-flash naphtha.   64742-95-6       0.05   Xylenes.
20. Varsol.........    8052-49-3       0.01   0.5% xylenes,
                                                         solvent 0.5%
                                                         ethylbenzene.
21. VM & P naphtha...........   64742-89-8       0.06   3% toluene, 3%
                                                         xylene.
22. Petroleum distillate        68477-31-6       0.08   4% naphthalene,
 mixture.                                                4% biphenyl.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 46088]]

    You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for 
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's 
formulation data:

 Table 5 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction
                     for Petroleum Solvent Groups a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Average
                                       Organic     Typical Organic HAP,
            Solvent Type               HAP Mass      Percent by Mass
                                       Fraction
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliphatic b.........................       0.03  1% Xylene, 1% Toluene,
                                                  and 1% Ethylbenzene.
Aromatic c..........................       0.06  4% Xylene, 1% Toluene,
                                                  and 1% Ethylbenzene.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Use this table only if the solvent blend does not match any of the
  solvent blends in Table 4 to this subpart and you only know whether
  the blend is aliphatic or aromatic.
b Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral Spirits 150 EC, Naphtha, Mixed
  Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Naphtha, Naphthol
  Spirits, Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Oil, Petroleum Naphtha, Solvent
  Naphtha, Solvent Blend.
c Medium-flash Naphtha, High-flash Naphtha, Aromatic Naphtha, Light
  Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
  Light Aromatic Solvent.

[FR Doc. 02-16030 Filed 7-10-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P