[Federal Register Volume 67, Number 119 (Thursday, June 20, 2002)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 42108-42170]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 02-13979]



[[Page 42107]]

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Part II





Environmental Protection Agency





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40 CFR Part 63



National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Refractory 
Products Manufacturing; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 119 / Thursday, June 20, 2002 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 42108]]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 63

[FRL-7222-9]
RIN 2060-AG68


National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for 
Refractory Products Manufacturing

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This action replaces Refractories Manufacturing with 
Refractory Products Manufacturing on the list of categories of major 
sources of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) published under section 
112(c) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and on the source category schedule 
for national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP). 
This action also proposes NESHAP for new and existing refractory 
products manufacturing sources. The proposed rule would require all 
major sources to meet emission standards reflecting the application of 
maximum achievable control technology (MACT). The proposed rule would 
protect air quality and promote the public health by reducing emissions 
of several of the HAP listed in section 112(b)(1) of the CAA, including 
ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrochloric 
acid (HCl), methanol, phenol, and polycyclic organic matter (POM). 
Exposure to these substances has been demonstrated to cause adverse 
health effects such as irritation of the lung, skin, and mucous 
membranes, effects on the central nervous system, and damage to the 
liver, kidneys, and skeleton. The EPA has classified the HAP 
formaldehyde and POM as probable human carcinogens. We estimate that 
the proposed rule would reduce nationwide emissions of HAP from these 
facilities by as much as 120 megagrams per year (Mg/yr) (132 tons per 
year (tons/yr)).

DATES: Comments. Submit comments on or before August 19, 2002.
    Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a 
public hearing by July 10, 2002, a public hearing will be held on July 
22, 2002.

ADDRESSES: Comments. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments (in 
duplicate, if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information 
Center (6102), Attention Docket Number A-2000-50, U.S. EPA, 1200 
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460. In person or by 
courier, deliver comments (in duplicate if possible) to: Air and 
Radiation Docket and Information Center (6102), Attention Docket Number 
A-2000-50, Room M-1500, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW., Washington DC 
20460. The EPA requests that a separate copy of each public comment be 
sent to the contact person listed below (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT). Comments may also be submitted electronically by following 
the instructions provided in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
    Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at 10 
a.m. at the EPA Office of Administration Auditorium, Research Triangle 
Park, North Carolina.
    Docket. Docket No. A-2000-50 contains supporting information used 
in developing the proposed standards. The docket is located at the U.S. 
EPA, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460 in Room M-1500, Waterside 
Mall (ground floor), and may be inspected from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan Zapata, Minerals and Inorganic 
Chemicals Group, Emissions Standards Division (C504-05), U.S. EPA, 
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919) 
541-5167, electronic mail (e-mail) address: [email protected]. For 
questions about the public hearing, contact Ms. Tanya Medley, Minerals 
and Inorganic Chemicals Group, Emission Standards Division (C504-05), 
U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone 
number (919) 541-5422, e-mail address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Comments. Comments and data may be submitted 
by e-mail to: [email protected]. Electronic comments must be 
submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special characters and 
encryption problems and will also be accepted on disks in 
WordPerfect. All comments and data submitted in electronic 
form must note the docket number: A-2000-50. No confidential business 
information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic comments 
may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
    Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for 
consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other 
comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such 
proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to 
the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not 
inadvertently placed in the docket: Attention: Susan Zapata, c/o OAQPS 
Document Control Officer, C404-02, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 
27709. The EPA will disclose information identified as CBI only to the 
extent allowed by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. If no 
claim of confidentiality accompanies a submission when it is received 
by the EPA, the information may be made available to the public without 
further notice to the commenter.
    Public Hearing. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or 
inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Ms. 
Tanya Medley at least 2 days in advance of the public hearing. Persons 
interested in attending the public hearing must also call Ms. Medley to 
verify the time, date, and location of the hearing. The public hearing 
will provide interested parties the opportunity to present data, views, 
or arguments concerning these proposed emission standards.
    Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the 
information considered by the EPA in the development of this 
rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file because material is added 
throughout the rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to 
allow members of the public and industries involved to readily identify 
and locate documents so that they can effectively participate in the 
rulemaking process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards 
and their preambles, the contents of the docket, with certain 
exceptions, will serve as the record in the case of judicial review. 
(See section 307(d)(7)(A) of the CAA.) The regulatory text and other 
materials related to the proposed rulemaking are available for review 
in the docket or copies may be mailed on request from the Air Docket by 
calling (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be charged for copying 
docket materials.
    World Wide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket, 
an electronic copy of today's proposed rule will also be available on 
the WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following 
signature, a copy of the rule will be posted on the TTN's policy and 
guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated rules at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg. The TTN provides information and technology 
exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If more information 
regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at (919) 541-5384.
    Regulated Entities. Categories and entities potentially regulated 
by this action include:

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                    Category                          SIC         NAICS                            Examples of regulated entities
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Industrial......................................         3255       327124  Clay refractories manufacturing plants.
Industrial......................................         3297       327125  Nonclay refractories manufacturing plants.
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    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this 
action. To determine whether your plant site is regulated by this 
action, you should examine the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.9782 
of the proposed rule. If you have any questions regarding the 
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person 
listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. 
Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as 
follows:

I. Background
    A. What is the source of authority for development of NESHAP?
    B. What criteria are used in the development of NESHAP?
    C. What is the history of the source category?
    D. What is refractory products manufacturing?
    E. What are the health effects of pollutants emitted from the 
Refractory Products Manufacturing source category?
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
    A. What source category is affected by the proposed rule?
    B. What are the primary sources of emissions from major sources 
and what are the emissions?
    C. What are the affected sources?
    D. What are the emission limits?
    E. What are the operating limits?
    F. What are the work practice standards?
    G. What are the testing and initial compliance requirements for 
sources subject to emission limits?
    H. What are the initial compliance requirements for sources 
subject to a work practice standard?
    I. What are the continuous compliance requirements for sources 
subject to emission limits?
    J. What are the continuous compliance requirements for sources 
subject to a work practice standard?
    K. What are the notification, recordkeeping, and reporting 
requirements?
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
    A. How did we select the source category and any subcategories?
    B. How did we select the emission sources to be regulated?
    C. How did we define the affected sources?
    D. How did we determine the proposed standards for existing 
sources?
    E. How did we select the emission limits for new sources?
    F. How did we select the format of the standard?
    G. How did we select the testing and initial compliance 
requirements?
    H. How did we select the continuous compliance requirements?
    I. How did we select the notification, reporting, and 
recordkeeping requirements?
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy and Economic Impacts
    A. What are the air quality impacts?
    B. What are the water and solid waste impacts?
    C. What are the energy impacts?
    D. What are the cost impacts?
    E. What are the economic impacts?
V. Administrative Requirements
    A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
    B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
    C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with 
Indian Tribal Governments
    D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations that 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
    G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 
U.S.C. 601 et seq.
    H. Paperwork Reduction Act
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

I. Background

A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?

    Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and 
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish 
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The category 
of major sources covered by today's proposed rule was listed as 
Chromium Refractories Production on July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576). Major 
sources of HAP are those that have the potential to emit greater than 
10 tons/yr of any one HAP or 25 tons/yr of any combination of HAP.

B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?

    Section 112 of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for the 
control of HAP from both new and existing major sources. The CAA 
requires the NESHAP to reflect the maximum degree of reduction in 
emissions of HAP that is achievable. This level of control is commonly 
referred to as the MACT.
    The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and 
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT 
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all 
major sources achieve the level of control at least as stringent as 
that already achieved by the better-controlled and lower-emitting 
sources in each source category or subcategory. For new sources, the 
MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the emission control that is 
achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar source. The MACT 
standards for existing sources can be less stringent than standards for 
new sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the average 
emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent of 
existing sources in the category or subcategory (or the best-performing 
five sources for categories or subcategories with fewer than 30 
sources).
    In developing MACT, we also consider control options that are more 
stringent than the floor. We may establish standards more stringent 
than the floor based on the consideration of cost of achieving the 
emissions reductions, any health and environmental impacts, and energy 
requirements.

C. What Is the History of the Source Category?

    We published an initial list of source categories on July 16, 1992 
(57 FR 31576). Chromium Refractories Production was included on the 
initial source category list as a major source category. After 
obtaining and analyzing information on HAP emissions from chromium 
refractories manufacturing plants, we determined that some facilities 
were major sources due to HAP emissions from the manufacturing of 
nonchromium refractories at these plants. Because the production of 
nonchromium refractories at those facilities would not be covered by 
other source categories on the current source category list, we decided 
to expand the scope of the chromium refractories production source 
category to include most manufacturers of refractory products.
    Section 112(c) of the CAA allows EPA to revise the source category 
list at any time. On November 18, 1999, we revised the source category 
name from Chromium Refractories Production to Refractories 
Manufacturing (64 FR 63025) to reflect the broadened scope of the 
source category. Today's action changes the source category name from 
Refractories Manufacturing to Refractory

[[Page 42110]]

Products Manufacturing on the source category list under section 112(c) 
of the CAA to further clarify the source category.

D. What Is Refractory Products Manufacturing?

    Refractory products are heat-resistant materials that provide the 
linings for high-temperature furnaces, reactors, and other processing 
units. They include, but are not limited to: Kiln furniture, crucibles, 
refractory ceramic fiber (RCF), and materials used as linings for 
boilers, kilns, and other processing units and equipment where extremes 
of temperature, corrosion, and abrasion would destroy other materials.
    Refractory products manufacturing facilities generally can be 
classified based on the different types of raw materials and process 
operations used. In the broadest sense, refractory products can be 
classified by raw materials as either clay refractories or nonclay 
refractories. Chromium refractories are a subset of nonclay refractory 
products. Classifications of refractory products by process operations 
include monolithics, resin-bonded refractories, pitch-impregnated 
refractories, pitch-bonded refractories, other formed refractories that 
use organic additives, RCF, and fused-cast refractories. Table 1 of 
this preamble contains abbreviated definitions of each of these 
classifications.

              Table 1.--Refractory Products Classifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Classification             Product type         Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
By raw material...............  Clay.............  Products that
                                                    contains at least 10
                                                    percent clay in the
                                                    raw material mix.
                                Nonclay..........  Products that contain
                                                    less than 10 percent
                                                    clay in the raw
                                                    material mix.
By process....................  Monolithics......  Products that consist
                                                    of a mixture of
                                                    granular refractory
                                                    raw materials that
                                                    have not been shaped
                                                    or formed.
                                Resin-bonded.....  Cured products that
                                                    are produced using a
                                                    phenolic resin or
                                                    other type of HAP-
                                                    forming resin as a
                                                    binder.
                                Pitch-impregnated  Fired products that
                                                    are subsequently
                                                    impregnated with
                                                    coal tar or
                                                    petroleum pitch.
                                Pitch-bonded.....  Cured products that
                                                    are produced using
                                                    coal tar or
                                                    petroleum pitch as a
                                                    binder.
                                Other formed       Dried or cured
                                 products that      products that are
                                 are produced       products that are
                                 using organic      produced using an
                                 additives.         organic binder other
                                                    than resins, coal
                                                    tar, or petroleum
                                                    pitch.
                                RCF..............  Spun or blown bulk
                                                    RCF and products
                                                    that consist
                                                    primarily of RCF.
                                Fused-cast.......  Products manufactured
                                                    by casting a molten
                                                    refractory raw
                                                    material mix into a
                                                    form.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    There are approximately 167 domestic refractory products 
manufacturing plants currently in operation located in 30 States and 
Puerto Rico. In terms of the number of facilities, the leading States 
are Ohio (40 plants), Pennsylvania (28 plants), Illinois (13 plants), 
and Missouri (10 plants). Most of these facilities are not likely to be 
major sources of HAP.
    To produce most refractory products, raw materials are mixed, 
formed into shapes, dried or cured, then fired at high temperature in a 
kiln. The raw materials used in the refractory can be classified as 
either body materials or binders and additives. The body materials used 
in the industry are either raw or processed minerals, the most common 
of which are clays, silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, bauxite, silicon 
carbide, mullite, and graphite. The percentage of clay used in the 
mixture defines whether the product is a clay or nonclay refractory 
product.
    Binders are substances that are added to a granular material to 
give it workability and green or dry strength. Nonclay refractory 
products generally require binders, whereas clay refractories may not 
need binders due to the cohesive nature of clay and the presence of 
moisture in the clay. Binders can also serve as lubricants and can 
impart other properties to the final product. For example, in addition 
to acting as binders, phenolic resins and pitch also increase product 
lifetime and durability by adding carbon that remains in the refractory 
body after firing. Additives are used to facilitate processing and/or 
impart specific properties to the final product. The most widely used 
binders and additives are cement, water, silicates, inorganic acids, 
phenolic resins, pitch, and lignin compounds, such as calcium 
lignosulfonate.
    Clays and other raw minerals that are used as body materials in 
refractory products manufacturing require mechanical processing, such 
as grinding and screening, prior to their use. After processing, body 
materials, binders, and additives are proportioned and mixed. 
Monolithics typically require no further processing other than bagging 
or packaging for shipment. Other types of refractory products must be 
formed into shapes by pressing, extruding, molding, or casting. Next, 
the formed shapes generally are dried or cured at temperatures of 
90 deg. to 260 deg.C (200 deg. to 500 deg.F). Drying and curing are 
similar processes with respect to equipment design and operation; the 
primary difference between the two processes is that the function of 
drying is to reduce the free moisture content of the shapes, whereas 
curing activates the resin or binder in the shapes. The final step in 
the production of most refractory shapes is firing. Firing serves three 
primary functions: to reduce the number of pores in the refractory; to 
increase the density of the refractory; and to bond together the 
individual refractory grains into a strong, hard mass. Firing typically 
is performed in either tunnel kilns, which operate continuously, or in 
periodic kilns, which operate as a batch process. Most firing 
temperatures are in the range of 1090 deg. to 1540 deg.C (2000 deg. to 
2800 deg.F) and the entire firing cycle typically takes 24 to 36 hours. 
After firing, the shapes may be finished by grinding, cutting to 
specification, or other process; the shapes then are packaged for 
shipment.
    Some refractory products manufacturing facilities impregnate fired 
shapes with coal tar or petroleum pitch to add additional carbon to the 
body to increase the durability of the finished product. This process 
includes the simultaneous heating of pitch in a

[[Page 42111]]

pitch working tank and heating of fired shapes in a shape preheater to 
between 150 deg. and 260 deg.C (300 deg. and 500 deg.F); placing the 
shapes and pitch in a sealed vessel, typically called an autoclave; and 
applying pressure to force the pitch into the pores of the shapes. 
After impregnation, the shapes are cooled (defumed). For certain 
applications, the impregnated shapes undergo an additional process 
referred to as coking. In the coking process, the shapes are placed in 
a coking oven and heated under reducing conditions to drive off the 
volatile constituents (i.e., POM) of the pitch.
    To produce fused-cast refractories, raw materials are mixed and 
loaded into an electric arc furnace where the mixture is heated to a 
molten state. The molten material is then poured into molds and allowed 
to cool before any final cutting, grinding, or finishing operation.
    The production of RCF involves process steps that differ 
significantly from the steps used to produce formed refractory 
products. To manufacture RCF, alumina, silica, and calcined kaolin are 
mixed and fed into a melting furnace. As the molten material pours or 
drains from the furnace, it is fiberized into long, thin fibers by 
blowing or spinning. The fibers can then be chopped and shipped as bulk 
fibers, needled into fiber blankets, or cast into formed fiber 
products.
    Based on the available data, we have concluded that no existing 
facilities that produce fused-cast refractory products or RCF are major 
sources of HAP emissions. In addition, we have determined that none of 
the existing facilities that produce only monolithics are major HAP 
sources. Therefore, facilities that produce only these types of 
refractory products would not be regulated under today's rule as 
proposed.

E. What Are the Health Effects of Pollutants Emitted From the 
Refractory Products Manufacturing Source Category?

    The HAP that would be controlled by the proposed rule are 
associated with a variety of adverse health effects. These adverse 
health effects include chronic health disorders (e.g., irritation of 
the lung, skin, and mucous membranes, gastrointestinal effects, and 
damage to the kidneys and liver) and acute health disorders (e.g., 
respiratory irritation and central nervous system effects such as 
drowsiness, headache, and nausea). The EPA has classified two of the 
HAP (formaldehyde and POM) as probable human carcinogens.
    The EPA does not have the type of current detailed data on each of 
the facilities and the people living around the facilities covered by 
today's proposed rule for this source category that would be necessary 
to conduct an analysis to determine the actual population exposures to 
the HAP emitted from these facilities and the potential for resultant 
health effects. Therefore, EPA does not know the extent to which the 
adverse health effects described above occur in the populations 
surrounding these facilities. However, to the extent the adverse 
effects do occur, and this proposed rule reduces emissions, subsequent 
exposures would be reduced.
    Following is a discussion of the health effects of seven HAP: 
ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, HF, HCl, methanol, phenol, and POM. 
Although the proposed rule would reduce emissions of HF and HCl from 
any new kilns that emit these HAP, it would not reduce emissions of 
these HAP from existing sources. We estimate that emissions of methanol 
from existing sources would also not be reduced by today's proposed 
rule. However, methanol is a constituent of some resins used in resin-
bonded refractory production, and today's proposed rule would regulate 
methanol emissions from any affected source that began producing 
refractory products made with resins that contain methanol.
1. Ethylene Glycol
    Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to ethylene glycol by 
ingesting large quantities causes central nervous system depression 
(including drowsiness and respiratory failure), gastrointestinal upset, 
cardiopulmonary effects, and renal damage. The only effects noted in 
the one available study of humans acutely exposed to low levels of 
ethylene glycol by inhalation were throat and upper respiratory tract 
irritation. Rats and mice exposed chronically (long-term) to ethylene 
glycol in their diet exhibited signs of kidney toxicity and liver 
effects. No information is available on the reproductive or 
developmental effects of ethylene glycol in humans, but several studies 
of rodents have shown ethylene glycol to be fetotoxic. The EPA has not 
classified ethylene glycol for carcinogenicity.
2. Formaldehyde
    Both acute and chronic exposure to formaldehyde irritates the eyes, 
nose, and throat, and may cause coughing, chest pains, and bronchitis. 
Reproductive effects, such as menstrual disorders and pregnancy 
problems, have been reported in female workers exposed to formaldehyde. 
Limited human studies have reported an association between formaldehyde 
exposure and lung and nasopharyngeal cancer. Animal inhalation studies 
have reported an increased incidence of nasal squamous cell cancer. The 
EPA considers formaldehyde a probable human carcinogen (Group B2).
3. Hydrogen Fluoride
    Acute inhalation exposure to gaseous HF can cause severe 
respiratory damage in humans, including severe irritation and pulmonary 
edema. Chronic exposure to fluoride at low levels has a beneficial 
effect of dental cavity prevention and may also be useful for the 
treatment of osteoporosis. Exposure to higher levels of fluoride may 
cause dental fluorosis or mottling, while very high exposures through 
drinking water or air can result in crippling skeletal fluorosis. One 
study reported menstrual irregularities in women occupationally exposed 
to fluoride. The EPA has not classified HF for carcinogenicity.
4. Hydrogen Chloride
    Hydrogen chloride, also called hydrochloric acid, is corrosive to 
the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Acute inhalation exposure may 
cause eye, nose, and respiratory tract irritation and inflammation and 
pulmonary edema in humans. Chronic occupational exposure to HCl has 
been reported to cause gastritis, bronchitis, and dermatitis in 
workers. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations may also cause dental 
discoloration and erosion. No information is available on the 
reproductive or developmental effects of HCl in humans. In rats exposed 
to HCl by inhalation, altered estrus cycles have been reported in 
females, and increased fetal mortality and decreased fetal weight have 
been reported in offspring. The EPA has not classified HCl for 
carcinogenicity.
5. Methanol
    Acute or chronic exposure of humans to methanol by inhalation or 
ingestion may result in blurred vision, headache, dizziness, and 
nausea. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, 
or carcinogenic effects of methanol in humans. Birth defects have been 
observed in the offspring of rats and mice exposed to methanol by 
inhalation. A methanol inhalation study using rhesus monkeys reported a 
decrease in the length of pregnancy and limited evidence of impaired 
learning ability in offspring. The EPA has not classified methanol with 
respect to carcinogenicity.

[[Page 42112]]

6. Phenol
    Acute inhalation and dermal exposure to phenol is highly irritating 
to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes in humans. Oral exposure to 
small amounts of phenol may cause irregular breathing, muscular 
weakness and tremors, coma, and respiratory arrest at lethal 
concentrations. Anorexia, progressive weight loss, diarrhea, vertigo, 
salivation, and a dark coloration of the urine have been reported in 
chronically exposed humans. Gastrointestinal irritation and blood and 
liver effects have also been reported. No studies of developmental or 
reproductive effects of phenol in humans are available, but animal 
studies have reported reduced fetal body weights, growth retardation, 
and abnormal development in the offspring of animals exposed to phenol 
by the oral route. The EPA has classified phenol in Group D, not 
classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.
7. Polycyclic Organic Matter
    The term polycyclic organic matter defines a broad class of 
compounds that includes the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds 
(PAH), of which benzo[a]pyrene is a member. Dermal exposures to 
mixtures of PAH cause skin disorders in humans and animals. No 
information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects 
of POM in humans, but animal studies have reported that oral exposure 
to benzo[a]pyrene causes reproductive and developmental effects. Human 
studies have reported an increase in lung cancer in humans exposed to 
POM-bearing mixtures including coke oven emissions, roofing tar 
emissions, and cigarette smoke. Animal studies have reported 
respiratory tract tumors from inhalation exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and 
forestomach tumors, leukemia, and lung tumors from oral exposure to 
benzo[a]pyrene. The EPA has classified seven PAH compounds 
(benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, 
benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3-
cd]pyrene) as Group B2, probable human carcinogens.

II. Summary of the Proposed Rule

A. What Source Category Is Affected by the Proposed Rule?

    Today's proposed rule would apply to the Refractory Products 
Manufacturing source category. This source category includes, but is 
not limited to, any facility that manufactures refractory bricks and 
shapes that are produced using an organic HAP compound, pitch-
impregnated refractory products, chromium refractory products, and 
fired clay refractory products. Fired refractory products are those 
that have undergone thermal processing in a kiln.

B. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions From Major Sources and 
What Are the Emissions?

    At most refractory products manufacturing plants, the primary 
sources of HAP emissions are the thermal process units. Other sources 
of HAP emissions at these facilities are the raw material processing 
and handling equipment.
    Thermal process units can emit several HAP, as well as a number of 
criteria pollutants. The thermal process units that would be covered by 
the proposed rule are: Shape dryers, curing ovens, and kilns that are 
used to process resin-bonded, pitch-bonded, and other refractory 
products that are produced using an organic HAP compound; defumers, 
coking ovens, shape preheaters, and pitch working tanks associated with 
pitch-impregnated refractory production; kilns used to fire chromium 
refractory products; and kilns used to fire clay refractory products. 
The HAP emitted by a specific thermal process unit depend mostly on the 
raw materials, binders, and additives used. The criteria pollutants 
emitted by thermal process units include particulate matter (PM), 
sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides 
(NOX), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Depending on 
the type of resin or additive used, these materials can include phenol, 
methanol, ethylene glycol, POM, and other organic compounds. For resin-
bonded refractory production, the thermal process units are the curing 
ovens and kilns, which can emit phenol, formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, 
and methanol. For pitch-bonded refractory production, the thermal 
process units are the curing ovens and kilns. These sources all emit 
POM, which is the primary constituent of coal tar and petroleum pitch. 
For pitch-impregnated refractory production, the thermal process units 
are the coking ovens, defumers, pitch working tanks, and shape 
preheaters, which also emit POM. Kilns that are used to fire chromium 
refractory products emit particulate chromium and several other HAP 
metals. For clay refractory production, the fluorides and chlorides in 
the clay form HF and HCl, respectively, which are subsequently emitted 
from kilns during firing.

C. What Are the Affected Sources?

    Today's proposed rule would establish emission limitations 
(emission limits and operating limits) and work practice standards for 
several types of refractory products manufacturing sources. Table 2 of 
this preamble lists the affected sources that would be subject to the 
proposed rule.

    Table 2.--Sources That Would Be Affected by the Proposed Refractory
                       Products Manufacturing Rule
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Refractory product type                  Affected sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Resin-bonded...........................  Existing and new curing ovens
                                          and kilns.
Pitch-bonded...........................  Existing and new curing ovens
                                          and kilns.
Pitch-impregnated......................  Existing and new shape
                                          preheaters, pitch working
                                          tanks, defumers, and coking
                                          ovens.
Other formed products that use organic   Existing and new shape dryers
 additives.                               and kilns used to process
                                          refractory shapes that are
                                          made using an organic HAP
                                          compound.
Chromium...............................  Existing and new kilns.
Clay...................................  Existing and new kilns.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. What Are the Emission Limits?

    Emission limits are numeric limits on the emissions from affected 
sources. Today's proposed rule would specify separate emission limits 
for affected sources of organic HAP, HF, and HCl.
1. Existing and New Thermal Process Sources of Organic HAP
    Today's proposed rule would establish emission limits for specified 
thermal process sources that emit organic HAP. Facilities that operate 
these types of sources could meet either of two types of emission 
limits: A specified minimum combustion efficiency of an add-on control 
device (i.e., a thermal oxidizer or a catalytic oxidizer); or a limit 
on the concentration

[[Page 42113]]

of total hydrocarbons (THC) in the emissions. The combustion efficiency 
option would apply only to sources that are controlled with a thermal 
or catalytic oxidizer for which the carbon dioxide (CO2) 
concentration at the outlet of the device is 3 percent or less. To 
comply with the combustion efficiency limit, you would be required to 
reduce emissions of CO and THC so that the average combustion 
efficiency is 99.8 percent or greater. If the outlet CO2 
concentration is more than 3 percent, or if you choose to comply with 
the THC emission concentration limit, you would be required to reduce 
emissions of THC at the outlet of the source or control device to 20 
parts per million by volume, dry basis (ppmvd), or less, corrected to 
18 percent oxygen (O2). The sources that would be subject to 
these organic HAP emission limits include new and existing shape 
dryers, curing ovens, kilns, coking ovens, and defumers. In addition, 
new shape preheaters would be subject to these same emission limits. 
You would also be required to meet the THC emission concentration limit 
if you operate an affected source that is not equipped with a thermal 
or catalytic oxidizer.
    For continuous process sources, the format of the combustion 
efficiency and THC emission limits would be a 3-hour block average. 
That is, the average combustion efficiency or THC concentration based 
on three 1-hour test runs would have to meet the emission limit of at 
least 99.8 percent combustion efficiency or no more than 20 ppmvd THC 
at 18 percent O2, whichever applies. For batch process 
sources, the format of the standard is the average of the highest 
rolling 3-hour averages for three test runs. In other words, you would 
have to calculate the rolling 3-hour average combustion efficiency of 
THC concentration for each 3-hour period of each test run. From each of 
the three test runs, you would select the highest rolling 3-hour 
average. You would then determine the average of those three highest 
rolling averages to determine if your source is in compliance with the 
emission limit.
2. New Clay Refractory Kilns
    If you own or operate an affected new clay refractory kiln, you 
would be required to meet emission limits for both HF and HCl. For 
affected tunnel kilns, you would have to meet an HF emission limit of 
0.001 kilogram per megagram (kg/Mg) (0.002 pound per ton (lb/ton)) of 
product or reduce HF emissions by at least 99.5 percent. You would also 
be required to meet an HCl emission limit of 0.0025 kg/Mg (0.005 lb/
ton) of product or reduce uncontrolled HCl emissions by at least 98 
percent. If you own or operate a new affected periodic kiln, you would 
be required to reduce HF emissions by at least 99.5 percent and HCl 
emissions by at least 98 percent.

E. What Are the Operating Limits?

    Operating limits are limits on operating parameters of process 
equipment or control devices. Today's proposed rule specifies process 
and control device operating limits for thermal process sources that 
emit organic HAP and clay refractory kilns. For each of these operating 
limits, you would be required to measure the appropriate operating 
parameters during the performance test and establish limits on the 
operating parameters based on those measurements. Following the 
performance test, you would be required to monitor those parameters and 
ensure that the established limits are not exceeded.
1. Existing and New Thermal Process Sources of Organic HAP
    For affected thermal process sources that discharge organic HAP, we 
would require operating limits on the organic HAP processing rate and 
the operating temperatures of your control devices. The operating limit 
on the organic HAP processing rate would require you to measure during 
the performance test the rate at which organic HAP are processed in an 
affected process unit. To determine the organic HAP processing rate, 
you would need data on the mass fractions of organic HAP in each resin, 
binder, or additive that contains an organic HAP. You could determine 
the mass fraction of organic HAP in a material using EPA Method 311, 
``Analysis of Hazardous Air Pollutant Compounds in Paints and Coatings 
by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph.'' You could also use 
material safety data sheets (MSDS) or product labels to determine the 
mass faction of organic HAP in a substance.
    For continuous process units, the organic HAP processing rate would 
be measured in units of mass of organic HAP per unit time (e.g., pounds 
of HAP per hour) contained in the refractory products that undergo 
thermal processing. For batch process units, the organic HAP processing 
rate would be measured in units of mass of organic HAP per mass of 
refractory products that undergo thermal processing (e.g., pounds of 
organic HAP per ton of refractory product in the batch). Following the 
performance test, you would be required to monitor the organic HAP 
processing rate and ensure that the rate does not exceed the rate 
established during the performance test. If you decided to start 
production of a refractory product that is likely to have an organic 
HAP processing rate greater than the rate established during the most 
recent performance test, you would be required to conduct a new 
performance test for that product and establish a new operating limit 
for the organic HAP processing rate.
    For sources that are controlled with a thermal oxidizer, you would 
be required to monitor the combustion chamber temperature. For affected 
sources that are controlled with a catalytic oxidizer, you would be 
required to monitor the temperature at the inlet of the catalyst bed. 
You would also be required to maintain the catalyst according to 
manufacturer's specifications. For either type of control device, you 
would be required to measure and record the appropriate temperature 
during the performance test. Following the performance test, you would 
be required to monitor continuously the control device operating 
temperature and ensure that the 3-hour block average temperature does 
not fall below the corresponding temperature measured during the 
performance test minus 14 deg.C (25 deg.F).
2. New Clay Refractory Kilns
    If you have a new clay refractory kiln that is controlled with a 
dry lime injection fabric filter (DIFF) or a dry lime scrubber/fabric 
filter (DLS/FF), you would be required to monitor fabric filter inlet 
temperature and lime feed rate. During the performance test, you would 
be required to measure the fabric filter inlet temperature. Following 
the performance test, you would be required to continuously measure 
fabric filter inlet temperature and ensure that the temperature does 
not exceed the temperature established during the performance test plus 
14 deg.C (25 deg.F). During the performance test, you would also be 
required to measure the lime feed rate and subsequently ensure that the 
lime feed rate did not fall below the feed rate established during the 
performance test. You would also have to verify that lime is free-
flowing to the control system. In addition, you would be required to 
install a bag leak detection system, initiate corrective action within 
1 hour of a bag leak detection system alarm, and complete corrective 
actions according to your operation, maintenance, and monitoring (OM&M) 
plan. You would also have to operate and maintain the fabric filter 
such that the alarm is not engaged for more than 5 percent of the total 
operating time in a 6-month reporting period. In calculating this 
operating

[[Page 42114]]

time fraction, if inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no 
corrective action is required, no alarm time would be counted. If 
corrective action is required, each alarm would be counted as a minimum 
of 1 hour, and if you take longer than 1 hour to initiate corrective 
action, the alarm time would be counted as the actual amount of time 
taken to initiate corrective action.
    If you use a DLS/FF, you would also be required to measure the 
water injection rate during the performance test. Following the 
performance test, you would be required to maintain the water injection 
rate at least at the levels established during the performance test.
    If you use a wet scrubber (WS), you would be required to measure 
the pressure drop across the scrubber, liquid pH, and liquid flow rate 
during the performance test. Following the performance test, you would 
be required to ensure that the levels of these parameters did not fall 
below the corresponding levels established during the performance test.
3. All Affected Sources
    Under today's proposed rule, you would be required to prepare a 
written OM&M plan and keep the plan up to date for all affected 
sources. The plan would have to include procedures for the proper 
operation and maintenance of each affected source and its air pollution 
control device(s). The plan would also have to include procedures for 
monitoring and proper operation of monitoring systems to help assure 
both initial and continuous compliance with the emission limits, 
operating limits, and work practice standards.
    If you own or operate an affected source of organic HAP equipped 
with an alternative control device or technique not listed in the 
proposed rule, you would have to install a THC continuous emission 
monitoring system (CEMS) on the outlet of the control device or in the 
stack. You would also be required to comply with Performance 
Specification (PS) 8 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B, and with Procedure 
1 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix F. If you own or operate an affected 
chromium refractory products kiln or clay refractory products kiln that 
is equipped with an alternative control device or technique not listed 
in the proposed rule, you would have to establish operating limits for 
the appropriate operating parameters subject to prior written approval 
by the Administrator as described in 40 CFR 63.8(f). You would be 
required to submit a request for approval of alternative monitoring 
procedures that includes a description of the alternative control 
device or technique, the type of monitoring device or procedure that 
would be used, the appropriate operating parameters that would be 
monitored, and the frequency that the operating parameter values would 
be determined and recorded. You would establish site-specific operating 
limits during your performance test based on the information included 
in the approved alternative monitoring procedures request. You would 
also be required to install, operate, and maintain the parameter 
monitoring system for the alternative control device or technique 
according to your OM&M plan. If the Administrator determines that 
parameter monitoring cannot assure continuous compliance, a CEMS may be 
required.
    If you use a control device or technique listed in the proposed 
rule, you could establish operating limits for alternative operating 
parameters subject to prior written approval by the Administrator on a 
case-by-case basis. You would be required to submit the application for 
approval of alternative operating parameters no later than the 
notification of the performance test. The application would have to 
include information justifying the request for alternative operating 
parameters (such as why using the alternative operating parameters is 
preferable to using the operating parameters in the proposed rule), a 
description of the proposed alternative control device operating 
parameters, the monitoring approach, the frequency of measuring and 
recording the alternative parameters, the averaging period for the 
operating limits, how the operating limits are to be calculated, and 
information documenting that the alternative operating parameters would 
provide equivalent or better assurance of compliance with the relevant 
emission limit. You would have to install, operate, and maintain the 
alternative parameter monitoring systems in accordance with the 
application approved by the Administrator.

F. What Are the Work Practice Standards?

    Today's proposed rule would establish work practice standards for 
existing shape preheaters that are used to produce pitch-impregnated 
refractory products, existing and new pitch working tanks that are used 
to produce pitch-impregnated refractory products, existing and new 
chromium refractory products kilns, and existing clay refractory 
products kilns.
    If you operate an affected existing shape preheater, you would be 
required to control emissions of POM from the shape preheater by one of 
three methods. Two of the methods entail removing the residual pitch 
from the surfaces of the baskets or containers that are used for 
holding refractory shapes in a shape preheater and autoclave. You would 
have to clean the basket surfaces at least every ten impregnation 
cycles. Alternatively, you could duct the exhaust from the shape 
preheater to a control device that meets the applicable emission limits 
for thermal process sources of organic HAP. If you choose to clean the 
basket surfaces, you would have two cleaning options. One basket 
cleaning option would be to remove residual pitch by abrasive blasting, 
provided that the emissions from the abrasive blasting operation are 
exhausted to a fabric filter. The other basket cleaning option would be 
to subject the baskets to a thermal process cycle that matches or 
exceeds the temperature and cycle time of the affected shape preheater 
and is ducted to a thermal or catalytic oxidizer that is comparable to 
the control device for your defumer or coking oven. For example, if the 
operating temperature and cycle time of your shape preheater are 
200 deg.C (400 deg.F) and 2 hours, respectively, you could ``clean'' 
the baskets by placing them in a shape dryer that operates at a 
temperature of 200 deg.C (400 deg.F) or higher for at least 2 hours and 
is exhausted to a thermal oxidizer that is comparable to your defumer 
thermal oxidizer. Subjecting the baskets to a thermal process with a 
cycle time and temperature equal to or greater than those of the shape 
preheater ensures that POM that would have been emitted from the shape 
preheater otherwise is controlled. If you choose to duct shape 
preheater emissions to a control device, you could duct the emissions 
to the coking oven control device, defumer control device, or to 
another thermal or catalytic oxidizer that is comparable to the coking 
oven or defumer controls and meets the applicable emission limits for 
thermal process sources of organic HAP.
    If you have an affected existing or new pitch working tank, you 
would be required to duct the exhaust from the tank to either the 
coking oven control device, the defumer control device, or an 
equivalent thermal or catalytic oxidizer. If you choose to exhaust the 
working tank emissions to an alternate thermal or catalytic oxidizer, 
the emissions from that control device would have to meet the 
applicable emission limits for thermal process sources of organic HAP.
    If you have an affected existing or new chromium refractory 
products kiln or an affected existing clay refractory products kiln, 
you would have to use

[[Page 42115]]

natural gas, or an equivalent fuel, as the kiln fuel.

G. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements for Sources 
Subject to Emission Limits?

    Under today's proposed rule, you would be required to conduct an 
initial performance test on each affected source to demonstrate initial 
compliance with the emission limits. In accordance with 40 CFR 
63.7(a)(2), you would be required to conduct the test within 180 days 
after the compliance date using specified test methods.
1. Existing and New Thermal Process Sources of Organic HAP
    If you have an affected existing or new shape dryer, curing oven, 
kiln, coking oven, or defumer, or a new shape preheater, you would be 
required to measure emissions of THC in stack gases exhausted to the 
atmosphere using EPA Method 25A, ``Determination of Total Gaseous 
Organic Concentration Using a Flame Ionization Analyzer.'' If you 
choose to comply with the THC concentration limit of 20 ppmvd corrected 
to 18 percent O2, you would also have to measure the oxygen 
concentration of the stack gas using EPA Method 3A, ``Determination of 
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Emissions From Stationary 
Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure).'' The oxygen concentration 
data are needed for correcting the measured THC concentration to 18 
percent O2. The performance test would consist of at least 
three 1-hour test runs, and you would be required to measure and record 
the stack gas concentrations of THC and oxygen every minute.
    If the affected source is controlled with a thermal or catalytic 
oxidizer, and the outlet CO2 concentration is 3 percent or 
less, you could elect to comply with the combustion efficiency limit. 
If you choose to comply with the combustion efficiency limit, you would 
be required to measure emissions of CO using EPA Method 10, 
``Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions From Stationary Sources,'' 
and CO2 using EPA Method 3A, in addition to measuring THC. 
The performance test would consist of at least three 1-hour test runs, 
and you would be required to measure and record the stack gas 
concentrations of THC, CO, and CO2 every minute.
    If your source is a continuous process, you would determine 
compliance with the emission limit by first determining the hourly 
average concentrations for each pollutant and diluent (i.e., THC and 
O2 for the THC limit, or CO2, CO, and THC for the 
combustion efficiency limit) as the numeric average of the 1-minute 
concentrations for each test run. Each test run must last at least 1 
hour. The minimum number of 1-minute concentration measurements needed 
for each hour of testing would be 50. You would then calculate the 
average concentrations for each pollutant as the mean of the three 
hourly concentrations for that pollutant. To be in compliance with the 
combustion efficiency limit, the average of three 1-hour average 
combustion efficiencies for the test would have to be 99.8 percent or 
greater.
    The test methods and conditions for meeting the combustion 
efficiency limit for a continuous process also apply if your source 
operates as a batch process. You would also be required to measure 
emissions for three test runs. However, for batch processes, each test 
run would have to be conducted over all or part of separate batch 
cycles.
    You would be required to test throughout three complete batch 
cycles unless you developed an emissions profile for the duration of 
the batch cycle, or met certain conditions for terminating a 
performance test run before completion of the batch cycle. If you 
choose to develop an emissions profile, you would be required initially 
to sample THC emissions throughout a complete batch cycle, regardless 
of whether you were complying with the THC limit or the combustion 
efficiency limit. You would be required to determine the hourly average 
concentrations of THC, corrected to 18 percent O2, for each 
hour of the batch cycle. Based on the average hourly THC 
concentrations, you would identify the 4-hour period of peak emissions. 
That is, the period of 4 consecutive hours when THC concentrations are 
highest. During the two subsequent test runs, you would not be required 
to sample emissions outside that 4-hour period of peak THC emissions. 
To be in compliance with the THC emission limit, the average of the 
highest rolling 3-hour average THC concentrations corrected to 18 
percent O2 during the period of peak emissions for the three 
test runs would have to be 20 ppmvd or less. Likewise, to be in 
compliance with the combustion efficiency limit, the average of the 
highest rolling 3-hour average combustion efficiencies during the 
period of peak emissions for the three test runs would have to be 99.8 
percent or greater. During subsequent performance tests, you would have 
to complete at least three test runs, but you would only have to test 
during the 4-hour period of peak emissions during each run.
    If you choose not to develop an emissions profile, you could 
terminate testing before the completion of a batch cycle if you met 
certain conditions. For each of three test runs, you would have to 
begin testing at the start of the batch cycle and continue testing for 
at least 3 hours beyond the point in time when the process reaches peak 
operating temperature. You could stop testing for that run at that time 
if you could show that THC concentrations are not increasing over the 
3-hour period since process peak temperature was reached; at least 1 
hour has passed since any reduction in the operating temperature of the 
control device (thermal or catalytic oxidizer); and either the average 
THC concentration at the inlet to the control device for the previous 
hour has not exceeded 20 ppmvd, corrected to 18 percent O2, 
or your source met the emission limit during each of the previous 3 
hours after the process reached peak temperature. For example, if you 
were testing to show compliance with the THC limit, and the hourly THC 
concentrations after peak process temperature was reached were 12 ppm, 
12 ppm, and 11 ppm, respectively, you could stop that test run. 
However, if the hourly THC concentrations for those 3 hours were 12 
ppm, 14 ppm, and 16 ppm, respectively, you could not stop testing 
because THC concentrations would still be increasing. You would have to 
satisfy these testing procedures for the remaining two test runs during 
two other batch cycles.
    For both continuous process and batch process performance tests, 
you would be required to conduct performance tests on affected thermal 
process sources under the conditions that would result in the highest 
levels of organic HAP emissions expected to occur for that affected 
source. You would determine these ``worst-case'' conditions by taking 
into account the organic HAP processing rate, the process operating 
temperatures, and the processing times. The organic HAP processing rate 
is the rate at which the mass of organic HAP materials contained in 
refractory shapes are processed in an affected thermal process source. 
For continuous process units, the organic HAP processing rate would be 
measured in units of mass of organic HAP processed per hour (e.g., 
pounds of phenol per hour). For example, if a continuous curing oven is 
curing 2 tons per hour (4,000 lbs/hr) of resin-bonded refractory 
shapes, the refractory mix contains 5 percent resin, and the resin 
contains 10 percent phenol, the organic HAP processing rate (for 
phenol) is:

4,000 lbs/hr  x  \5/100\  x  \10/100\ = 20 lbs/hr.


[[Page 42116]]


    For batch processes, the organic HAP processing rate would be 
measured in units of mass of organic HAP processed per batch cycle 
(e.g., pounds of phenol per batch). The organic HAP processing rate 
would be determined based on the amount or percentage of organic HAP in 
the raw material mix and the weight of the shapes processed. You would 
be required to record the total weight and cycle time of each batch. 
For example, if you operate a batch process coking oven, and the oven 
is loaded with 20 tons (40,000 lbs) of pitch-impregnated refractories 
that contain 6 percent pitch, the organic HAP processing rate (for POM) 
is:

40,000 lbs/batch  x  \6/100\ = 2,400 lbs/batch.

    If you decided to start production of a refractory product that is 
likely to have an organic HAP processing rate greater than the rate 
established during the most recent performance test, you would be 
required to conduct a new performance test for that product and 
establish a new operating limit for the organic HAP processing rate. 
You would also have to conduct a new performance test on an affected 
uncontrolled kiln following any process changes that are likely to 
increase kiln emissions. For example, if the kiln followed a curing 
oven, and you shortened the curing oven cycle time significantly, you 
would have to repeat the performance test on the kiln because the 
shorter curing time could result in a decrease in organic HAP emissions 
from the curing oven and an increase in organic HAP emissions from the 
kiln.
    If the affected source is controlled with a thermal oxidizer, you 
would be required to measure the thermal oxidizer combustion chamber 
temperature continuously and record the temperature at least every 15 
minutes during the performance test. If the affected source is 
controlled with a catalytic oxidizer, you would be required to measure 
the temperature at the inlet of the catalyst bed continuously and 
record the temperature at least every 15 minutes during the performance 
test. You would also be required to measure and record the process 
operating temperature of the affected source at least once every hour.
    If the source is a batch process and is controlled with a thermal 
or catalytic oxidizer, you could reduce the operating temperature of 
the control device or shut the control device off under the following 
conditions: (1) At least 3 hours have passed since the process unit 
reached its maximum temperature; (2) the applicable emission limit (THC 
concentration or combustion efficiency) has been met during each of the 
three 1-hour periods since the process reached peak temperature; (3) 
emissions of THC have not increased during the 3-hour period since 
maximum process temperature was reached; and (4) either the average THC 
concentration at the inlet to the oxidizer has not exceeded 20 ppmvd, 
corrected to 18 percent O2, for at least 1 hour, or the 
applicable emission limit has been met during each of the four 15-
minute periods immediately following the oxidizer temperature 
reduction. In other words, if you measure THC emissions at the inlet to 
the oxidizer and the data show that the THC concentration corrected to 
18 percent O2 has remained 20 ppmvd or lower for at least 1 
hour, you could shut off the oxidizer at the end of the third hour 
following the process reaching temperature. Alternatively, you could 
continue measuring emissions at the oxidizer outlet for another hour 
beyond the 3-hour period that follows the peak process temperature. If 
the outlet emissions met the THC or combustion efficiency limit for 
four straight 15-minute periods, you could shut off the oxidizer after 
the fourth 15-minute period (i.e., at the end of the fourth hour since 
the process reached peak operating temperature). If the applicable 
emission limit has not been met during any of the four 15-minute 
periods immediately following the oxidizer temperature reduction, you 
would have to return the oxidizer to its normal operating temperature 
as soon as possible and maintain that temperature for at least 1 hour. 
You would be required to repeat this procedure (i.e., measure emissions 
for at least 1 hour and return the control device to normal temperature 
if the emission limit was not met) until the source meets the 
applicable emission limit for at least 1 hour.
    If you elect to shut off or reduce the temperature of a thermal or 
catalytic oxidizer by satisfying these conditions, you could use the 
results from the performance test to establish the time at which an 
oxidizer could be shut off (or temperature reduced) during the 
production of other refractory products that use organic HAP. For any 
such product, you would be required to operate the oxidizer at a 
temperature at least as high as that established during the performance 
test, minus 16 deg.C (25 deg.F), from the start of the batch cycle 
until 3 hours have passed since the process reached its peak 
temperature. You would have to maintain that oxidizer temperature for 
the same length of time beyond the process peak temperature as during 
the performance test. For example, if, during the performance test, an 
affected curing oven reached peak temperature at 12 hours into the 
cycle, and you satisfied all of the conditions for shutting off the 
thermal oxidizer at hour 16 of the cycle (i.e., 4 hours after the 
curing oven reached peak temperature), you could shut off the thermal 
oxidizer 4 hours after reaching the curing oven peak temperature for 
any other affected product that is cured in that curing oven. This 
provision would apply to curing cycles of any duration; regardless of 
the total cycle time, you would have to operate the thermal oxidizer 
for at least 4 hours beyond the time at which the process reaches peak 
temperature.
    If you control emissions from an affected curing oven, shape dryer, 
kiln, defumer, coking oven, shape preheater, or pitch working tank 
using process modifications or an add-on control device other than a 
thermal or catalytic oxidizer, you would be required to install a THC 
CEMS. You would also be required to satisfy the requirements of PS-8 of 
40 CFR part 60, appendix B.
2. New Clay Refractory Kilns
    For each new kiln that manufactures clay refractory products, you 
would be required to measure emissions of HF and HCl. You would measure 
HF and HCl emissions using EPA Method 26A, ``Determination of Hydrogen 
Halide and Halogen Emissions from Stationary Sources-Isokinetic 
Method.'' You would be required to conduct the tests for HF and HCl 
while the affected kiln is operating at the maximum production level 
likely to occur. Each test run would have to be at least 1 hour in 
duration.
    If you have an affected continuous clay refractory kiln, you would 
determine initial compliance with the production-based mass emission 
limits for HF and HCl by calculating the mass emissions per unit of 
production for each test run using the mass emission rates of HF and 
HCl and the production rate (on a fired-product basis) measured during 
your performance test. For HF, mass emissions per unit of production 
would have to be less than or equal to 0.001 kg/Mg (0.002 lb/ton). For 
HCl, mass emissions per unit of production would have to be less than 
or equal to 0.0025 kg/Mg (0.005 lb/ton). To determine initial 
compliance with any of the percent reduction emission limits, you would 
calculate the percent reduction of the specific HAP (HF or HCl) 
entering and exiting the control device for each test run using the 
mass emission rates measured during your performance test. The percent 
of HF reduced would have to be 99.5 percent

[[Page 42117]]

or greater, and the percent of HCl reduced would have to be 98 percent 
or greater.
    If you have an affected batch process clay refractory kiln, you 
would have to comply with the percent reduction limit. You would be 
required to test throughout three complete batch cycles unless you 
developed an emissions profile. If you choose to develop an emissions 
profile, you would be required to sample HF and HCl emissions 
throughout one complete batch cycle. Based on the average hourly HF 
percent reduction for each hour of the cycle, you would identify the 
period of 3 consecutive hours over which HF emissions are highest. 
During all subsequent test runs, you would not have to sample emissions 
outside that 3-hour period of peak HF emissions.
    For both continuous and batch process kilns, you would be required 
to measure and record the average uncalcined clay processing rate for 
each test run. For continuous kilns, the uncalcined clay processing 
rate would be measured as the weight of uncalcined clay processed 
divided by the duration of the test run (e.g., tons per hour). For 
batch process kilns, the uncalcined clay processing rate would be the 
weight of uncalcined clay processed per batch cycle (e.g., tons per 
batch).
    If you have an affected clay refractory kiln that is controlled 
with a DIFF or a DLS/FF, you would be required to measure the fabric 
filter inlet temperature at least every 15 minutes. You would also be 
required to measure and record the lime feed rate at least hourly and 
verify that lime is free-flowing to the control system.
    If you have an affected clay refractory kiln that is controlled 
with a DLS/FF, you would be required to measure the water injection 
rate at least every 15 minutes during the performance test. If you use 
a wet scrubber, you would be required to measure the pressure drop 
across the scrubber, liquid pH, and liquid flow rate at least every 15 
minutes during the performance test.
3. All Affected Sources
    In addition to the procedures previously described, you would be 
required to follow the procedures specified in EPA Methods 1 to 4 of 
appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, where applicable. You would perform 
Method 1, ``Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources,'' (or 
Method 1A) to select the locations of sampling points and the number of 
traverse points. You would perform Method 2, ``Determination of Stack 
Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate (Type S Pitot Tube),'' (or Method 
2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G) to determine gas velocity and volumetric flow 
rate. You would perform Method 3, ``Gas Analysis for the Determination 
of Dry Molecular Weight,'' (or Method 3A or 3B) to determine the 
exhaust gas molecular weight. You would perform Method 4, 
``Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases,'' to measure the 
moisture content of the exhaust gas.
    Prior to the initial performance test, you would be required to 
install the continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) that you 
would need for demonstrating continuous compliance. During the 
performance test, you would use the CPMS to establish the operating 
limits (e.g., minimum thermal oxidizer combustion chamber temperature).

H. What Are the Initial Compliance Requirements for Sources Subject to 
a Work Practice Standard?

    If you own or operate an affected existing shape preheater, an 
existing pitch working tank, or a new pitch working tank, you would be 
required to select a method for complying with the work practice 
standard and provide a description of that method as part of your 
initial notification, as required by 40 CFR 63.9(b)(2) of the General 
Provisions. For affected shape preheaters, if you choose to comply with 
the work practice standard by removing pitch from basket or container 
surfaces, you would have to describe the method of removal. If you 
choose to comply by subjecting the baskets or containers to a thermal 
process cycle, you would have to describe the process, the process unit 
operating temperature, the process cycle time, and the emission control 
system used on the process unit into which the baskets or containers 
are placed. If you choose to comply by capturing and ducting emissions 
from the shape preheater to a control device, you would have to 
describe the design (e.g., thermal oxidizer combustion chamber 
temperature and residence time) and operation of that control device.
    For affected existing or new pitch working tanks, you would have to 
describe in your initial notification the design (e.g., thermal 
oxidizer combustion chamber temperature and residence time) and 
operation of the control device to which the emissions from the working 
tank are exhausted. You would also have to verify that the control 
device is the same as, or is at least equivalent to, the control device 
that is used to control organic HAP emissions from an affected defumer 
or coking oven.
    For affected new or existing chromium refractory products kilns and 
for existing clay refractory products kilns, you would have to indicate 
in your initial notification the type of fuel used in those kilns.

I. What Are the Continuous Compliance Requirements for Sources Subject 
to Emission Limits?

    Under today's proposed rule, you would be required to demonstrate 
continuous compliance with each emission limitation that applies to 
you. You would be required to follow the requirements in your OM&M plan 
and in your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) and document 
conformance with both plans. For each affected source equipped with an 
add-on air pollution control device (APCD), you would be required to 
operate and maintain an emission capture and control system, inspect 
each system at least once each calendar year, and record the results of 
each inspection. You would be required to install, operate, and 
maintain each required CPMS to monitor the operating parameters 
established during your initial performance test. The CPMS would have 
to collect data at least every 15 minutes, and you would need to record 
at least one data point during three of the four 15-minute periods per 
hour to have a valid hour of data. You would have to collect all data 
while the process is operational. You would have to operate the CPMS at 
all times when the process is operating. You would also have to conduct 
proper maintenance of the CPMS (including inspections, calibrations, 
and validation checks) and maintain an inventory of necessary parts for 
routine repairs of the CPMS. Using the 15-minute block average recorded 
readings, you would calculate and record the average hourly values of 
each operating parameter. You would also be required to repeat any 
required performance tests at least every 5 years.
1. Existing and New Thermal Process Sources of Organic HAP
    For each affected source, you would have to monitor and maintain 
the organic HAP processing rate below the level established during the 
performance test. You would also be required to record the process 
operating temperature hourly. For batch process sources, you would be 
required to record cycle times for each batch cycle. The start of a 
cycle would coincide with the heating of the process unit, and the 
cycle would end when the process unit is opened for removal of the 
refractory products. If you decided to start production of a refractory 
product that is likely to have an organic HAP processing rate greater 
than the rate

[[Page 42118]]

established during the most recent performance test, you would be 
required to conduct a new performance test for that product and 
establish a new operating limit for the organic HAP processing rate.
    For affected continuous sources that are controlled with a thermal 
oxidizer, you would be required to maintain the 3-hour block average 
combustion chamber temperature at or above the combustion chamber 
temperature established during the performance test minus 14 deg.C 
(25 deg.F). For affected continuous sources that are controlled with a 
catalytic oxidizer, you would be required to maintain the 3-hour block 
average temperature at the inlet of the catalyst bed at or above the 
corresponding temperature established during the most recent 
performance test minus 14 deg.C (25 deg.F).
    For affected batch process sources that are controlled with a 
thermal oxidizer, you would be required to maintain the average hourly 
combustion chamber temperature at or above the combustion chamber 
temperature established during the performance test minus 14 deg.C 
(25 deg.F). If you met the conditions for reducing the operating 
temperature of the thermal oxidizer during the performance test and 
either reduced the temperature or shut off the oxidizer, as specified 
in item 13 of Table 4 of the proposed rule, you could likewise reduce 
the temperature of the oxidizer during other process cycles. That is, 
from the start of the cycle until 3 hours after the process unit 
reaches peak temperature, you would have to maintain the hourly 
combustion chamber temperature established during the performance test 
for the corresponding period. If you were able to shut off the oxidizer 
after this 3-hour period during the performance test, you could 
likewise shut off the oxidizer for the remainder of the process cycle 
following this 3-hour period after peak temperature is reached, 
regardless of the cycle duration. For affected batch process sources 
that are controlled with a catalytic oxidizer, the requirements would 
be the same as described in the previous paragraph for thermal 
oxidizers, except that you would have to maintain the temperature at 
the inlet of the catalyst bed at or above the corresponding 
temperature, minus 16 deg.C (25 deg.F), established during the 
performance test. For any affected source controlled with a catalytic 
oxidizer, you would also be required to maintain the catalyst according 
to manufacturer's specifications.
    To document compliance with these operating limits for thermal or 
catalytic oxidizers, you would be required to measure and record the 
specified average hourly temperatures. You would also be required to 
report any average hourly control device operating temperature below 
the corresponding temperature measured during the most recent 
performance test minus 14 deg.C (25 deg.F). In such cases, you would be 
required to promptly initiate and complete corrective actions in 
accordance with your OM&M plan following an hourly average control 
device operating temperature that is below the corresponding minimum 
temperature established during the performance test minus 14 deg.C 
(25 deg.F).
    If you control emissions from an affected curing oven, shape dryer, 
kiln, defumer, coking oven, shape preheater, or pitch working tank 
using process modifications or an add-on control device other than a 
thermal or catalytic oxidizer, you would demonstrate continuous 
compliance by operating a THC CEMS in accordance with Procedure 1 of 40 
CFR part 60, appendix F.
2. New Clay Refractory Kilns
    For new clay refractory kilns that are controlled with a DIFF or 
DLS/FF, you would have to continuously maintain the 3-hour block 
average temperature at the fabric filter inlet at or below the average 
temperature, plus 14 deg.C (25 deg.F), established during your 
performance test. You would have to maintain free-flowing lime in the 
feed hopper or silo at all times. You can verify that lime is free-
flowing by a visual check or by means of the output of a load cell, 
carrier gas/lime flow indicator, carrier gas pressure drop measurement 
system, or other system. If the lime is found not to be free-flowing, 
you would have to promptly initiate and complete corrective actions. 
You would also have to maintain the lime feeder setting at or above the 
level established during your performance test and record the feeder 
setting once each day. You would have to initiate corrective action 
within 1 hour of a bag leak detection system alarm and complete 
corrective actions according to your OM&M plan. You would also have to 
operate and maintain the fabric filter such that the alarm is not 
engaged for more than 5 percent of the total operating time in any 6-
month reporting period. In calculating this operating time fraction, if 
inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no corrective action 
is required, no alarm time would be counted. If corrective action is 
required, each alarm would be counted as a minimum of 1 hour, and if 
you take longer than 1 hour to initiate corrective action, the alarm 
time would be counted as the actual amount of time taken to initiate 
corrective action.
    Additionally, for a DLS/FF, you would have to continuously maintain 
the 3-hour block average water injection rate at or above the minimum 
value established during your performance test. For kilns that are 
controlled with a wet scrubber, you would have to continuously maintain 
the 3-hour block average scrubber pressure drop, scrubber liquid pH, 
scrubber liquid flow rate, and chemical addition rate (if applicable) 
at or above the minimum values established during your performance 
test.
    Finally, you would be required to record the uncalcined clay 
processing rate for all affected kilns. For continuous kilns, the 
uncalcined clay processing rate would be recorded in units of mass per 
unit time (e.g., pounds of uncalcined clay per hour). For batch process 
kilns, you would record the uncalcined clay processing rate in units of 
mass per batch cycle (e.g., pounds of uncalcined clay per batch).

J. What Are the Continuous Compliance Requirements for Sources Subject 
to a Work Practice Standard?

    If you have an affected existing shape preheater, an existing pitch 
working tank, or a new pitch working tank, you would be required to 
perform the appropriate work practice and document that you are 
complying with the work practice standard in your Notification of 
Compliance Status, as required by 40 CFR 63.9 of the General 
Provisions. For affected shape preheaters, you would have three work 
practice options: mechanically remove pitch from the basket or 
container surfaces, subject the baskets or containers to a thermal 
process cycle, or capture and duct emissions from the shape preheater 
to a control device. The control device would have to be the same 
device that controls emissions from an affected defumer or coking oven, 
or a device that is comparable to the control device used for 
controlling emissions from an affected defumer or coking oven. That 
control device also would have to meet the applicable emission limits 
for thermal process sources of organic HAP.
    For affected pitch working tanks, you would have to capture and 
duct emissions from the affected storage tank to a control device that 
controls an affected defumer or coking oven, or is comparable to the 
control device used for controlling emissions from an affected defumer 
or coking oven. If you choose to exhaust emissions from either a shape 
preheater or working tank to a control device other than those used to

[[Page 42119]]

control defumer or coking oven emissions, you must satisfy for those 
control devices the same monitoring requirements and operating limits 
as for affected defumer and coking oven control devices.
    For affected new or existing chromium refractory products kilns and 
for existing clay refractory products kilns, you would have to use 
natural gas, or equivalent, as the kiln fuel and document the type of 
fuel used.

K. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting 
Requirements?

    If you have an affected refractory products manufacturing source, 
you would be required to submit initial notifications, notifications of 
performance tests, and notifications of compliance status by the 
specified dates in the proposed rule, which may vary depending on 
whether the affected source is new or existing. In addition to the 
information specified in 40 CFR 63.9(h)(2)(i) of the General 
Provisions, you would also be required to include the following in your 
Notification of Compliance Status: (1) The operating limit parameter 
values established for each affected source (with supporting 
documentation) and a description of the procedure used to establish the 
values; (2) design information and analysis (with supporting 
documentation) demonstrating conformance with requirements for capture 
and collection systems; (3) your OM&M plan; (4) your SSMP; and (5) 
descriptions of the methods you use to comply with any applicable work 
practice standards.
    You would have to submit semiannual compliance reports containing 
statements and information concerning emission limitation deviations, 
out of control CPMS, and periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction 
(SSM) when actions consistent with the approved SSMP were taken. If 
there were no deviations from the emission limits, operating limits, or 
work practice standards during the reporting period, you would only be 
required to include a statement in your semiannual compliance report 
that there were no deviations. If there were deviations from the 
emission limits, operating limits, or work practice standards during a 
reporting period, you would be required to submit the information 
required in today's proposed rule in your semiannual compliance report. 
If you have any SSM's during the reporting period, and you take actions 
consistent with your SSMP, your compliance report would have to include 
the information specified in 40 CFR 63.10(d)(5)(i). In addition, if you 
undertake an action that is inconsistent with your approved SSMP, you 
would then be required to submit an SSM report within 2 working days of 
starting such action and within 7 working days of ending such action.
    For all affected sources, you would have to maintain records for at 
least 5 years from the date on which the data are recorded. You would 
have to keep the records onsite for at least the first 2 years, but 
could store the records offsite for the remaining 3 years. You would be 
required to keep a copy of each notification and report along with 
supporting documentation. You would also be required to keep records 
related to the following: (1) Records of SSM; (2) records of 
performance tests; (3) records used in the development of any emissions 
profile; (4) records to show continuous compliance with each emission 
limitation and work practice standard that applies to you; (5) records 
of each operating limit deviation, including a description of the cause 
of the deviation and the corrective action taken; (6) records of 
production rate and organic HAP processing rate, if applicable; (7) 
records for any approved alternative monitoring or test procedures; (8) 
records for each CPMS; and (9) current copies of your SSMP and OM&M 
plan, including any revisions, with records documenting conformance. 
The records for CPMS would include records of the applicable operating 
limits and monitoring data required in today's proposed rule to 
demonstrate continuous compliance.

III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards

A. How Did We Select the Source Category and Any Subcategories?

    Section 112(d)(1) of the CAA allows EPA to distinguish among 
classes, types, and sizes of sources within a category or subcategory 
in establishing emission standards. Section 112(d)(1) allows us to 
define subsets of similar emission sources within a source category if 
differences in emission characteristics, processes, control device use, 
or opportunities for pollution prevention exist within the source 
category. As a result of our analyses of data on process and emission 
characteristics, we identified four subcategories of the Refractory 
Products Manufacturing source category: the manufacture of refractory 
products that are made using an organic HAP compound, pitch-impregnated 
refractory products manufacturing, chromium refractory products 
manufacturing, and clay refractory products manufacturing. We 
distinguished between these subcategories because either the HAP 
emissions or the affected sources differ significantly among them.
    The subcategory that encompasses the production of refractories 
that use organic HAP includes resin-bonded refractory curing ovens and 
kilns and pitch-bonded refractory curing ovens and kilns. A few 
facilities use organic HAP other than resins and pitch as binders or 
additives; the shape dryers and kilns used to process refractories that 
contain those binders and additives would also be included in this 
subcategory. The shape dryers and curing ovens that are included in 
this subcategory are similar with respect to function, operating 
temperature, and processing time. Likewise, the kilns that are included 
in this subcategory are similar in terms of design and operation. 
Although the HAP emitted from these sources may differ, the sources all 
emit organic HAP which typically are controlled using the same types of 
control devices: thermal and catalytic oxidizers. For these reasons, we 
concluded that there is justification to cover these thermal process 
sources in a single subcategory. For the purposes of establishing MACT 
floors, we classified the affected sources within this subcategory into 
two groups: shape dryers and curing ovens are covered in one group, and 
kilns comprise the other group of affected sources in this subcategory.
    The affected sources that are included under the subcategory for 
pitch-impregnated refractory production include shape preheaters, 
defumers, coking ovens, and the pitch working tanks used for temporary 
storage of pitch during the impregnation and defuming processes. These 
sources emit organic HAP (specifically, POM) and are controlled with 
thermal and catalytic oxidizers. Pitch-impregnated refractory sources 
differ in design and operation from the thermal process sources used 
for manufacturing resin-bonded, pitch-bonded, and other refractory 
products covered by the previous subcategory. Therefore, we concluded 
that a separate subcategory is warranted for pitch-impregnated 
refractory sources.
    The raw materials used for producing chromium refractory products 
include chromium in one of two forms: chromium oxide or chromite. 
Chromium oxide is a processed compound that is relatively pure and 
contains chromium in the trivalent form. Chromite is naturally 
occurring chromium ore and contains up to approximately 60 percent 
chromium oxide. Because chromium refractory kilns emit chromium 
compounds and chromium refractory products are not

[[Page 42120]]

made using organic HAP compounds, we decided to establish a separate 
subcategory for chromium refractory kilns.
    For clay refractory production, the primary HAP source is the kiln. 
Clay refractory kilns do not differ significantly in design from the 
kilns used to produce resin-bonded and pitch-bonded refractory 
products. However, organic binders and additives typically are not used 
in the production of clay refractories. The primary HAP emitted by clay 
refractory kilns are HF and HCl. In addition, devices that are 
effective in controlling HF and HCl emissions would not be used to 
control organic HAP emissions. Therefore, clay refractory kilns 
comprise a separate subcategory under the proposed rule for refractory 
products manufacturing.
    Several refractory products plants produce nonclay refractories 
that do not contain organic HAP. For these plants, and plants that 
produce only monolithics, HAP emissions consist of small amounts of HAP 
metals that are released from raw material processing operations. These 
facilities are all area sources that emit much less than 10 tons/yr of 
any single HAP and 25 tons/yr of total HAP, and the HAP sources at 
these plants generally are well controlled. Because the Refractory 
Products Manufacturing source category was listed for major sources and 
not for area sources, we decided against including these facilities 
within the scope of the proposed rule.
    We considered regulating sources of fine mineral fibers associated 
with the production of RCF. However, we determined that none of the 
existing RCF manufacturing facilities are major sources, and it is 
unlikely that any new sources would be constructed that would be major 
sources of HAP. The RCF industry is not expected to grow significantly, 
and, if new sources were constructed, they most likely would be well 
controlled because it would not be economical to allow RCF product to 
be emitted in any significant quantities.
    We also considered regulating fused-cast refractory products 
manufacturing sources. However, we decided against regulating these 
facilities. There are only two fused-cast refractory facilities 
currently operating, and both are well controlled. Emissions of HAP 
from these facilities are much less than 10 tons/yr for any single HAP 
and 25 tons/yr of total HAP, and no new facilities or growth is 
expected in this sector of the refractories industry.

B. How Did We Select the Emission Sources To Be Regulated?

    The primary sources of HAP emissions at most refractory products 
manufacturing plants are the thermal process units. Thermal process 
units emit the organic constituents of the raw materials, binders, and 
additives that comprise refractory product formulations. Several of the 
organic constituents of binders and additives used in the refractory 
industry are HAP. Many resins contain phenol and formaldehyde, and some 
resins also contain methanol and ethylene glycol. The available test 
data for resin-bonded refractory sources indicate that approximately 15 
percent of the free phenol, 40 percent of the formaldehyde, 100 percent 
of the methanol, and 14 percent of the ethylene glycol contained in the 
resin are emitted from thermal process sources. Based on these 
percentages, we estimate that several existing facilities that use 
organic binders and additives to produce refractory products are 
potential major sources for at least one of these organic HAP. For this 
reason, we decided that regulation of organic HAP from existing and new 
shape dryers, curing ovens, and kilns is warranted.
    Coal tar and petroleum pitch used in the production of pitch-bonded 
and pitch-impregnated refractory products consist of POM. The available 
emission data on pitch-impregnated refractory production indicate that 
40 to 45 percent of the pitch is volatilized and emitted from thermal 
process units. Based on these data, several facilities that produce 
pitch-impregnated or pitch-bonded refractory products are potential 
major sources of POM emissions. For this reason, we decided that it is 
necessary to regulate existing and new pitch-bonded and pitch-
impregnated refractory products thermal process units, the sources of 
POM emissions.
    The source category Chromium Refractories Production was included 
on the initial source category list based on an Agency screening study 
conducted in 1985. As part of that study, tests were performed on a 
chromium refractory kiln. At the temperature encountered in the kiln 
(1540 deg.C (2800 deg.F)), hexavalent chromium, which is a known human 
carcinogen, was formed and emitted to the atmosphere as PM. The 1985 
study recommended that fabric filters (baghouses) be installed on kilns 
used to fire chromium refractories to capture the PM emissions from the 
kiln outlets at the ten plants that produced chromium refractories at 
that time. Currently, one major source in the refractory products 
source category produces chromium refractory products.
    At the temperatures encountered in clay refractory kilns, naturally 
occurring fluorides and chlorides found in raw clays are released to 
the atmosphere as HF and HCl. We estimate that some existing clay 
refractory manufacturing facilities are major sources due to HF 
emissions from their kilns, and at least one of those facilities could 
also be a major source of HCl due to kiln emissions. Because kilns are 
the only clay refractory products sources that emit HF and HCl and are 
located at major source facilities, we decided to limit the scope of 
the proposed rule to kilns for the clay refractory products 
subcategory.

C. How Did We Define the Affected Sources?

    Affected source means the collection of equipment and processes in 
the source category or subcategory to which the emission limitations 
and other regulatory requirements apply. The affected source may be the 
same collection of equipment and processes as the source category or it 
may be a subset of the source category. For each rule, we must decide 
which individual pieces of equipment and processes warrant separate 
standards in the context of the CAA section 112 requirements and the 
industry operating practices.
    Most refractory products manufacturing facilities are characterized 
by numerous diverse and complex operations. Many of the process units 
at typical refractories plants are not sources of HAP emissions. For 
this reason, rather than define the affected sources as the plants 
themselves, we decided to define the affected sources in terms of the 
specific process units that emit HAP and are associated with the 
production of specific types of refractory products. These product 
types include resin-bonded, pitch-bonded, and other refractory products 
that use organic HAP; pitch-impregnated refractory products; chromium 
refractory products; and clay refractory products. The affected 
sources, which are listed in Table 2 of this preamble, include shape 
dryers and curing ovens, kilns, shape preheaters, pitch working tanks, 
defumers, and coking ovens.

[[Page 42121]]

D. How Did We Determine the Proposed Standards for Existing Sources?

1. How Did We Determine the MACT Floor for Existing Sources?
    Section 112(d)(3) of the CAA specifies that each MACT standard be 
at least as stringent as the floor for the sources in the relevant 
source category or subcategory. It further specifies that we set 
standards for existing sources that are no less stringent than the 
average emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent 
of existing sources (for which the Administrator has emissions 
information) where there are 30 or more sources in the category or 
subcategory. For source categories with less than 30 sources, the CAA 
requires that the floor be based on the average emission limitation 
achieved by the best-performing five sources. Our interpretation of the 
``average emission limitation'' is that it is a measure of central 
tendency, such as the arithmetic average or the mean. If the median is 
used when there are at least 30 sources, then the emission level 
achievable by the source and its control device that is at the bottom 
of the top 6 percent of the best-performing sources (i.e., the 94th 
percentile) represents the MACT floor control level. For source 
categories or subcategories with less than 30 sources, we interpret the 
MACT floor level to correspond to the median of the best-performing 
five sources. Finally, in determining the pool of sources from which 
the floors are determined, we consider only those facilities that are 
major HAP sources or synthetic area HAP sources (i.e., those that would 
be major HAP sources in the absence of any emission controls currently 
in place). The MACT floors for each subcategory identified during 
development of the proposed rule are based on these interpretations.
    The affected existing thermal process units that emit organic HAP 
include shape dryers, curing ovens, kilns, coking ovens, defumers, 
shape preheaters, and pitch working tanks. To rank these sources in 
terms of their performance in controlling organic HAP emissions, we 
needed uncontrolled and controlled emissions data for each source type. 
Because of the limited emissions data available for organic HAP 
sources, it is not possible to rank the sources based on actual 
emissions reductions. An alternative approach to using actual emissions 
data is to rank sources based on the likely performance level of the 
control devices in place. The MACT floor technology can then be 
selected as the control device(s) matching the 94th percentile unit, or 
for subcategories with less than 30 sources, the median of the best-
performing five sources. We used this approach to determine the MACT 
floors for organic HAP emissions from thermal process units.
    Among the refractory products thermal process sources that are 
currently controlled for organic emissions, the majority are controlled 
with thermal oxidizers. The other controlled sources are equipped with 
catalytic oxidizers. Thermal oxidizer performance levels are largely a 
function of three parameters: combustion chamber temperature, residence 
time of the gases in the combustion chamber, and the degree of mixing 
of the gases in the combustion chamber. Therefore, performance level 
rankings should take these parameters into consideration. Based on the 
available design and operating data, we were unable to evaluate the 
subject thermal oxidizers in terms of their degree of mixing. 
Therefore, we based our rankings of thermal oxidizers on combustion 
chamber temperature and residence time only, using the Arrhenius 
equation, which relates the amount of an organic compound remaining 
after combustion for a specific period of time at a specified 
temperature.
    We were not able to compare quantitatively the performance of 
catalytic oxidizers to that of thermal oxidizers. The Arrhenius 
equation does not apply to catalytic oxidizers and we were not able to 
identify a comparable method for evaluating catalytic oxidizer 
performance based on design. Catalytic oxidizer performance is largely 
a function of the space velocity and the temperatures at the inlet and 
outlet of the catalyst bed. Space velocity is the reciprocal of the 
residence time in the catalyst bed and is defined as the flow rate of 
the gas entering the catalyst bed divided by the volume of the catalyst 
bed. For the catalytic oxidizers currently in operation at refractory 
products manufacturing plants, we were able to obtain data on catalyst 
bed inlet and outlet temperatures, but could not obtain space velocity 
data. For these reasons, our ranking of catalytic oxidizers for today's 
proposed rule is largely qualitative.
    Before ranking sources according to control technology, we also 
differentiated between the various types of thermal process sources 
that would be affected by today's proposed rule. We grouped shape 
dryers and curing ovens because they are similar in terms of function, 
design, and operating parameters. The initial thermal processing step 
in the production of refractory shapes is drying or curing. Shape 
dryers and curing ovens, which are used to form temporary bonds between 
refractory body material grains, typically operate between 90 deg. and 
260 deg.C (200 deg. and 500 deg.F). Although there are large variations 
among plants, cycle times for shape dryers and curing ovens generally 
are in the range of 5 to 20 hours. Based on the data submitted to us in 
1998 in response to our information collection requests sent to 
refractory products manufacturers, there are a total of 35 shape dryers 
and curing ovens that are used to produce resin-bonded, pitch-bonded, 
or other refractory products that use organic HAP; and are located at 
facilities that are major or synthetic area sources of organic HAP. 
Emissions from 21 of the shape dryers and curing ovens are controlled: 
16 are controlled with thermal oxidizers, and 5 are controlled with 
catalytic oxidizers. The median of the best-performing 12 percent of 
these sources (i.e., the 94th percentile) is controlled with a thermal 
oxidizer that is designed for a 0.64-second residence time at 815 deg.C 
(1500 deg.F). Therefore, this control device represents the MACT floor 
for existing shape dryers and curing ovens.
    Data from the wood products industry indicate that the performance 
of catalytic oxidizers with catalyst bed outlet temperatures of 
430 deg. to 480 deg.C (800 deg. to 900 deg.F) is comparable to the 
performance of thermal oxidizers designed for a residence time of 
approximately 0.5 seconds and combustion chamber temperatures of 
820 deg. to 870 deg.C (1500 deg. to 1600 deg.F). Two of the five 
catalytic oxidizers used in the refractory products industry to control 
curing oven emissions operate with catalyst bed outlet temperatures of 
approximately 450 deg.C (850 deg.). Therefore, we concluded that these 
two controls are comparable to the MACT floor control level for shape 
dryers and curing ovens. We concluded that the other three catalytic 
oxidizers, which operate with bed outlet temperatures of approximately 
370 deg.C (700 deg.F), are much less effective in controlling organic 
emissions than the MACT floor level of control for this group of 
sources.
    Following the drying or curing, refractory shapes typically are 
fired in kilns, which operate at peak temperatures in the range of 
1090 deg. to 1540 deg.C (2000 deg. to 2800 deg.F). We estimated that 
there are 26 kilns that are used to produce resin-bonded, pitch-bonded, 
or other refractory products that contain organic HAP and are located 
at facilities that are major or synthetic area sources of organic HAP. 
Nine of these kilns are controlled, all with thermal oxidizers. Because 
there are less than 30 sources in this group, the MACT floor for this

[[Page 42122]]

group of sources corresponds to the median of the best-performing five 
sources, which is a kiln controlled with a thermal oxidizer designed 
for a 0.41-second residence time at 760 deg.C (1400 deg.F).
    In the pitch-impregnated refractory process, fired refractory 
shapes initially are heated in a shape preheater, which typically 
operates at temperatures of 150 deg. to 260 deg.C (300 deg. to 
500 deg.F). Of the seven shape preheaters located at four pitch-
impregnated refractory manufacturing facilities that are major or 
synthetic area sources of organic HAP, two are controlled with thermal 
oxidizers and the other five are not equipped with add-on controls. All 
four of the facilities periodically clean the deposits of pitch on the 
holding baskets or containers by abrasive blasting. Cleaning is done on 
an as-needed basis, but a typical cleaning frequency is once every ten 
cycles. Of the two controlled preheaters, both are ducted to the 
thermal oxidizers that are used to control defumer emissions. The MACT 
floor for this group of sources is based on the median of the best-
performing five sources, which corresponds to periodic basket/container 
cleaning (i.e., every ten cycles).
    As the shapes are heated in the shape preheater, pitch is 
transferred to a pitch working tank, which heats the pitch to between 
150 deg. and 260 deg.C (300 deg. and 500 deg.F) prior to the pitch 
being transferred to the autoclave. There are a total of four pitch 
working tanks that are located at facilities that produce pitch-
impregnated refractories and are major or synthetic area sources of 
organic HAP. One of these working tanks is uncontrolled. The other 
three pitch working tanks are ducted to thermal oxidizers that are used 
to control defumer emissions. The thermal oxidizers operate only during 
the impregnation-defuming process. As a result, the oxidizers provide 
periodic, rather than continuous, control of working tank emissions. 
Because there are less than 30 existing sources in this group, the MACT 
floor control for existing pitch working tanks is based on the median 
of the best-controlled five sources, which corresponds to periodic 
control of tank emissions by means of a thermal oxidizer.
    After the shapes are impregnated with pitch, they are defumed. 
Defuming takes place either in the autoclave or in a separate defumer. 
If the defuming step occurs in the autoclave, the autoclave serves as 
the defumer. There are five defumers located at facilities that are 
major or synthetic area sources of organic HAP; four are controlled 
with thermal oxidizers, and one is controlled with a catalytic 
oxidizer. The MACT floor for these sources corresponds to the median of 
the best-performing five sources, which a defumer controlled with a 
thermal oxidizer that is designed for a 0.52-second residence time at 
790 deg.C (1450 deg.F). Based on the data from the wood products 
industry, which was discussed previously in this preamble, we concluded 
that the catalytic unit, which is designed for a catalyst bed outlet 
temperature 450 deg.C (845 deg.F) would be comparable to the floor 
level of control for existing defumers.
    After defuming, the impregnated shapes may undergo an additional 
process referred to as coking. In the coking process, the shapes are 
placed in a coking oven and heated to between 540 deg. and 870 deg.C 
(1000 deg. and 1600 deg.F) under reducing conditions to drive off the 
volatile constituents (i.e., POM) of the pitch. Our data indicate that 
there are six coking ovens located at facilities that are major or 
synthetic area sources of organic HAP. All six of the coking ovens are 
controlled with thermal oxidizers. Because there are less than 30 
existing sources, the MACT floor for these sources corresponds to the 
median of the best-performing five sources, which is a coking oven 
controlled with a thermal oxidizer that is designed for a 1.0-second 
residence time at 915 deg.C (1680 deg.F).
    The HAP emitted from chromium refractory products kilns include 
hexavalent chromium, other chromium compounds, and other nonvolatile 
HAP metals. Because these HAP are emitted in the form of PM, we 
considered establishing an emission standard in the format of a PM 
emission limit. However, none of the 32 chromium refractory products 
kilns currently in operation are equipped with add-on APCD that have 
been demonstrated to reduce HAP metal emissions that occur in the 
particulate form. Hence, considering only add-on APCD, the MACT floor, 
as defined in section 112 of the Clean Air Act, for existing chromium 
refractory kilns would not reduce emissions of chromium or other 
nonvolatile HAP metals.
    In addition to add-on APCD, we considered other possible MACT 
floors for existing chromium refractory products kilns, such as the use 
of low-HAP raw materials or fuels, that would reduce emissions of 
chromium or other nonvolatile HAP metals.
    Emissions of chromium and other nonvolatile HAP metals from kilns 
can originate with the raw materials and the kiln fuel. Consequently, 
we considered nonchromium raw materials as a potential MACT floor for 
chromium refractory kilns. Chromium greatly enhances the ability of 
refractory linings to withstand high temperatures and corrosive 
environments; where those conditions exist, there is no reliable raw 
material substitute for chromium. Therefore, we concluded that there 
are no substitutes for chromium oxide or chromite in chromium 
refractory products, and raw material substitution is not a feasible 
component of the MACT floor for existing chromium refractory products 
kilns.
    We considered the use of low-HAP fuels as the basis for a MACT 
floor standard for existing chromium refractory products kilns. With 
the exception of natural gas, the fuels that are commonly used to fire 
industrial kilns and furnaces (e.g., fuel oil and coal) contain HAP 
metals, which are subsequently emitted when those fuels are burned. 
Because fuels can contribute to emissions of chromium and other HAP 
metals from kilns, a MACT floor for existing chromium refractory 
products kilns could be based on fuel type. Although a few area source 
refractory manufacturing plants use fuel oil in kilns, our data 
indicate that all of the six facilities that produce fired chromium 
refractories, including the one major source in our source category 
that produces chromium refractory products, use natural gas to fuel the 
kilns that fire chromium refractories. Because natural gas does not 
contain HAP metals and, therefore, does not contribute to HAP metal 
emissions, the use of natural gas or other equivalent clean fuel is a 
feasible MACT floor for existing chromium refractory products kilns. 
Having eliminated add-on APCD and raw material substitution as options 
for a MACT floor for this subcategory, we concluded that the use of 
natural gas or other such clean fuel is the MACT floor for existing 
chromium refractory kilns. Under an emission limitation (in this case, 
a work practice standard) based on this floor, you would not be 
permitted to fire existing chromium refractory products kilns with 
coal, fuel oil, waste oil, or other fuels that contain HAP metals.
    For clay refractory products kilns, the HAP to be regulated are HF 
and HCl. There are a total of 100 clay refractory products kilns, six 
of which are located at facilities that are major or synthetic area 
sources. However, none of these clay refractory kilns are equipped with 
add-on APCD that have been demonstrated to reduce emissions of HF or 
HCl. Therefore, considering only add-on APCD, the MACT floor for 
existing clay refractory kilns would not reduce emissions of HF or HCl. 
In addition to add-on APCD, we considered other possible MACT floors 
for existing clay

[[Page 42123]]

refractory products kilns, such as the use of low-HAP raw materials or 
fuels, that would reduce emissions of HF or HCl. Because HF and HCl 
emissions from clay refractory kilns are largely a function of the 
primary raw material (i.e., fire clay), we considered raw material 
substitution with fire clays that have low concentrations of fluorides 
and chlorides as a possible floor for existing clay refractory kilns. 
The available data indicate that the fluoride and chloride contents of 
many clays can vary significantly, even within the same deposit. There 
are no available data that indicate that any of the fire clay deposits 
that are used by major and synthetic area source facilities are 
uniformly low in fluorides and chlorides. Furthermore, the procurement 
of low-fluoride or low-chloride clays as a measure for controlling 
emissions is not practiced in the refractory products industry.
    We also considered pre-calcined clay as a possible floor for clay 
refractory kilns. Calcining of fire clay prior to incorporating the 
clay into a refractory shape drives off the HF and HCl that otherwise 
would be emitted from a kiln when firing clay refractory products. 
However, none of the 25 facilities that produce fired clay refractories 
currently use pre-calcined clay for clay refractory production as a 
means of reducing emissions of HF or HCl. Therefore, substitution of 
raw clay with calcined clay cannot be considered the MACT floor 
technology for existing clay refractory products manufacturers. 
Therefore, we concluded that raw material substitution is not a 
feasible MACT floor for existing clay refractory products kilns.
    We also considered the use of low-HAP fuels as the basis for a MACT 
floor standard for existing clay refractory products kilns. Certain 
fuels, waste-derived fuels in particular, may contribute to emissions 
of HF or HCl when burned. In addition, the fuels that are commonly used 
to fire some industrial kilns and furnaces (e.g., fuel oil and coal) 
contain HAP metals, which are subsequently emitted when those fuels are 
burned. Because fuels can contribute to HAP emissions from kilns, a 
MACT floor for existing clay refractory products kilns could be based 
on fuel type. Although a few area source facilities use fuel oil to 
fire their refractory kilns, our data indicate that all clay refractory 
products manufacturers use natural gas to fuel the kilns that fire clay 
refractories. Because natural gas does not contribute to emissions of 
HF, HCl, or HAP metals, the use of natural gas, or other equivalent 
clean fuel, is a feasible MACT floor for existing clay refractory 
products kilns. Having eliminated add-on APCD and raw material 
substitution as options for a MACT floor for this subcategory, we 
concluded that the use of natural gas or other such clean fuel is the 
MACT floor for existing clay refractory kilns. An emission limitation 
(in this case, a work practice standard) based on this floor would 
prohibit the use of coal, fuel oil, waste oil, or equivalent fuels to 
fire existing clay refractory products kilns.
2. How Did We Select the Emission Limits for Existing Sources?
    Section 112(d)(3) of the CAA specifies that each MACT standard be 
at least as stringent as the floor for the sources in the relevant 
source category or subcategory. Consequently, the MACT floor represents 
the minimum level of control that can be used in establishing emission 
limits for existing sources subject to NESHAP. After identifying the 
emission limits that correspond to the MACT floors for existing 
sources, we consider regulatory alternatives that are more stringent 
than the MACT floor levels. Regulatory alternatives are emission 
control options, process changes, and other methods for reducing HAP 
emissions other than those defined by the MACT floor. The selected 
regulatory alternative may be more stringent than the MACT floor, but 
the control level must be achievable and reasonable in the 
Administrator's judgement considering cost, non-air quality health and 
environmental impacts, and energy requirements. The objective in 
considering these beyond-the-floor control options is to achieve the 
maximum degree of emissions reductions without imposing unreasonable 
impacts (section 112(d)(2)of the CAA).
    Today's proposed rule would establish emission limits for organic 
HAP emitted from affected existing thermal process sources. These 
emission limits would apply to the following affected sources: shape 
dryers, curing ovens and kilns used to produce refractory products that 
contain organic HAP, and pitch-impregnated refractory products defumers 
and coking ovens. The emission limits would be presented in two 
alternate formats: a THC emission concentration and combustion 
efficiency of certain types of add-on control devices.
    Today's proposed rule would establish a THC emission limit as a 
surrogate for organic HAP emitted from affected thermal process 
sources. Affected thermal process sources include shape dryers, curing 
ovens, and kilns that are used to produce resin-bonded or pitch-bonded 
refractory products; coking ovens and defumers that are used to produce 
pitch-impregnated refractory products; and other shape dryers and kilns 
that process refractory shapes that use organic HAP that is emitted 
during the drying or firing processes.
    To determine an appropriate THC concentration limit for refractory 
products thermal process sources that are controlled at the MACT floor 
level, we reviewed the available emission test data for the refractory 
products manufacturing industry. Although we have no THC data on 
sources controlled at the MACT floor control levels, we have data on 
two sources with thermal oxidizers that we estimate are more effective 
in controlling organic emissions than the MACT floor level, and four 
sources with thermal oxidizers that we estimate are less effective in 
controlling organic emissions than the MACT floor level. Both of the 
sources with controls that are more effective than the MACT floor level 
easily achieved THC emission concentrations of less than 20 ppmvd, 
corrected to 18 percent O2. In addition, one of the four 
sources with controls that are less effective than the floor level 
achieved a THC emission concentration of less than 20 ppmvd. The THC 
emission concentrations for the remaining three sources were at least 
30 ppmvd. Based on these data, we concluded that a THC emission limit 
of 20 ppmvd is appropriate and representative of the emission level 
that the MACT floor controls can achieve. This emission limit also is 
consistent with other NESHAP and new source performance standards 
(NSPS) for industries that commonly use thermal or catalytic oxidizers 
for control of organic HAP emissions. Examples include 40 CFR part 60, 
subparts DDD, III, and NNN; and 40 CFR part 63, subparts DD, YY, GGG, 
HHH, JJJ, MMM, and PPP.
    We reviewed the available emission test data to determine if it 
were possible to establish a THC emission concentration limit that 
would be more stringent than the MACT floor for existing shape dryers, 
curing ovens, kilns, defumers, and coking ovens. However, the available 
data indicate that there are no other control devices in use that would 
perform better than the MACT floor level thermal oxidizers for these 
sources. We also considered establishing an emission limit based on the 
estimated level of control that would be achieved by thermal oxidizers 
that operate at higher temperatures and/or longer residence time than 
do the MACT floor level thermal oxidizers. However, we concluded that 
the

[[Page 42124]]

available data do not show that these thermal oxidizers would achieve 
better control of organic HAP than do the MACT floor level thermal 
oxidizers. Therefore, we decided against establishing a THC emission 
concentration limit that was more stringent than the MACT floor level 
of control for existing shape dryers, curing ovens, kilns, defumers, 
and coking ovens.
    Combustion efficiency of a thermal oxidizer is a function of the 
concentrations of CO2, CO, and THC in the exhaust stream of 
the oxidizer. To establish a combustion efficiency standard for thermal 
process sources, we reviewed the available data for CO2, CO, 
and THC emissions from sources controlled with thermal oxidizers that 
are comparable to the MACT floor technology. In addition to data from 
refractory products thermal process sources, data from another industry 
(asphalt roofing) were used to supplement the refractory products data. 
We believe that using data on asphalt roofing sources is valid because 
the exhaust stream characteristics and emission controls for the 
asphalt roofing sources are similar to those found in the refractory 
products industry.
    The data on CO2 emissions indicate that exhaust gas 
concentrations of CO2, corrected to 18 percent 
O2, for refractory products sources that are controlled to 
the MACT floor level typically are between 1.7 and 2.0 percent. The 
data on CO emissions indicate that thermal oxidizer outlet 
concentrations of 10 to 20 ppmvd are representative of CO 
concentrations from sources in the refractory products manufacturing 
industry with MACT floor level controls. The data on THC emissions 
indicate that thermal oxidizer outlet concentrations of 10 to 20 ppmvd 
are representative of THC concentrations from sources in the refractory 
products manufacturing industry with MACT floor level controls.
    Using the value of 1.7 percent CO2, and the midpoint 
values for 10 to 20 ppmvd CO and 10 to 20 ppmvd THC, we calculated the 
combustion efficiency to be 99.8 percent. On this basis, we believe 
that a combustion efficiency limit of 99.8 percent is achievable for 
refractory products thermal process sources that operate combustion-
based controls that are comparable to the MACT floor level of control. 
Our analysis of the available data indicates that a combustion 
efficiency of 99.8 percent is currently achieved by thermal process 
sources in the refractory products industry that are controlled to the 
level of the MACT floor. Data from asphalt roofing industry also 
demonstrate that sources with emission controls comparable to the MACT 
floor controls for the refractory products industry achieve a 99.8 
percent combustion efficiency. With a combustion efficiency limit, 
affected sources in the refractory products industry that are 
controlled with thermal oxidizers that operate below the floor level of 
control would have the option of increasing thermal oxidizer operating 
temperature in order to reduce CO and THC emissions, and thus increase 
the combustion efficiency and avoid having to install new emission 
controls.
    A combustion efficiency limit of 99.8 percent may not be an 
appropriate indicator of the floor level of organic emission control 
for some sources because combustion efficiency is largely a function of 
the CO2 concentration, and CO2 concentrations in 
thermal oxidizer exhaust streams vary from source to source. These 
variations can be attributed to differences in process operation, the 
amounts of CO2 entering the thermal oxidizer from the 
process exhaust stream, and the degree of combustion within the thermal 
oxidizer. As the CO2 concentration increases, the 
concentrations of CO and THC that correspond to a specified combustion 
efficiency limit also increase. For example, at 2.0 percent 
CO2, the sum of the THC and CO concentrations can be no more 
than 40 ppmvd to achieve a combustion efficiency of 99.8 percent. 
However, at 4.0 percent CO2, the source would meet 99.8 
percent combustion efficiency even if the sum of the THC and CO 
concentrations were 80 ppmvd. For this reason, we concluded that it was 
necessary to restrict the use of the combustion efficiency limit for 
sources with relatively high CO2 concentrations. To ensure 
that owners and operators of affected sources who choose to comply with 
this combustion efficiency limit are achieving good control, we decided 
to establish an upper limit of 3.0 percent CO2 for affected 
thermal process sources. In other words, demonstrating compliance with 
the combustion efficiency limit is an option only for sources that have 
exhaust gas CO2 concentrations equal to or less than 3.0 
percent (corrected to 18 percent O2) at the outlet of the 
control device (thermal or catalytic oxidizer). At 3.0 percent 
CO2, the combined concentrations of CO and THC can be as 
high as 60 ppmvd to achieve a combustion efficiency of 99.8 percent.
    As CO2 concentrations decrease, it becomes increasingly 
difficult to meet a specified combustion efficiency. For example, at 
1.0 percent CO2, the sum of the THC and CO concentrations 
can be no greater than 20 ppmvd to meet a combustion efficiency of 99.8 
percent. From the perspective of organic HAP emissions control, low 
CO2 concentrations do not present a problem because the 
lower the concentration of CO2, the higher the control level 
needed to comply with the 99.8 percent combustion efficiency limit. If 
the CO2 concentration is so low that it cannot be achieved 
with a control that is comparable to the MACT floor, the owner or 
operator can choose to comply with the 20 ppmvd THC emission limit.
    We reviewed the available emission test data to determine if it 
were possible to establish a combustion efficiency limit that would be 
more stringent than the MACT floor for existing shape dryers, curing 
ovens, kilns, defumers, and coking ovens. However, the available data 
indicate that there are no other control devices in use that would 
perform better than the MACT floor level thermal oxidizers for these 
sources. We also considered establishing an emission limit based on the 
estimated level of control that would be achieved by thermal oxidizers 
that operate at higher temperatures and/or longer residence time than 
do the MACT floor level thermal oxidizers. However, we concluded that 
the available data do not show that these thermal oxidizers would 
achieve better control of organic HAP than do the MACT floor level 
thermal oxidizers. Therefore, we decided against establishing a 
combustion efficiency limit that was more stringent than the MACT floor 
level of control for existing shape dryers, curing ovens, kilns, 
defumers, and coking ovens.
    The MACT floor for reducing emissions of chromium and other 
nonvolatile HAP metals from existing chromium refractory products kilns 
is the use of natural gas, or equivalent, as the kiln fuel.
    We next considered beyond-the-floor options for establishing an 
emission standard for existing chromium refractory kilns. Beyond-the-
floor options are those regulatory alternatives that would be more 
stringent than the MACT floor for existing sources. Because no existing 
chromium refractory kilns are equipped with APCD that would reduce 
emissions of HAP metals, we considered two other source categories that 
operate kilns that are similar in design and operation to refractory 
products kilns: the ceramics manufacturing industry and the brick and 
structural clay products manufacturing industry. Within the ceramics 
manufacturing industry, no kilns are equipped with APCD that would be 
effective in controlling HAP

[[Page 42125]]

metals. Within the brick and structural clay products industry, two 
kilns are equipped with fabric filters. Fabric filters have been 
demonstrated to be effective in controlling emissions of PM, including 
HAP metals. Therefore, we considered fabric filter control as a 
potential regulatory option for establishing an emission limit for 
existing chromium refractory products kilns. Both of the fabric filters 
used in the brick industry are installed on coal-fired kilns. The 
fabric filters were installed specifically because the kilns are fired 
with coal, which generally is associated with significantly higher 
emissions of PM and HAP metals than would be associated with gas-fired 
kilns. The PM emitted from a coal-fired kiln consists largely of fly 
ash, which results from the burning of the coal. In the absence of this 
fly ash component, PM concentrations from brick (or refractory) kilns 
are very small and approach the limits that can be controlled by a 
fabric filter. Coal-fired kilns are not used in the refractory products 
industry due to contamination of the product with fly ash and the 
difficulty in elevating coal-fired kilns to the temperatures needed to 
fire refractory products properly. Furthermore, there are no natural 
gas-fired brick kilns that are equipped with an APCD for controlling PM 
emissions. Consequently, we concluded that coal-fired brick kilns are 
not similar to chromium refractory products kilns, all of which are 
natural gas-fired. Therefore, the fabric filter controls used on coal-
fired brick kilns are not a regulatory option for establishing an 
emission limit for existing chromium refractory products kilns.
    Because there are no existing chromium refractory products kilns or 
similar sources that are equipped with an add-on APCD that would 
control HAP metal emissions, we concluded that there are no beyond-the-
floor control options for existing chromium refractory kilns. 
Therefore, today's proposed rule would not establish an emission limit 
for existing chromium refractory products kilns. Instead, we are 
requiring the use of natural gas fuel, or the equivalent, as a work 
practice standard for chromium refractory products kilns.
    As is the case for chromium refractory products kilns, the only 
feasible MACT floor option for controlling emissions of HF and HCl from 
existing clay refractory products kilns corresponds to the use of 
natural gas, or the equivalent, as the kiln fuel. We could not 
establish an emission limit for HF or HCl for this work practice based 
on the available data.
    We next considered beyond-the-floor options for establishing an 
emission standard for existing clay refractory kilns. Because no 
existing clay refractory kilns are equipped with APCD that would reduce 
emissions of HF or HCl, we considered the options used for controlling 
emissions of HF and HCl from kilns used in the ceramics and brick and 
structural clay products manufacturing industries. Within the ceramics 
manufacturing industry, no kilns are equipped with APCD that would be 
effective in reducing emissions of HF or HCl. Within the brick and 
structural clay products industry, several kilns are equipped APCD that 
achieve good control of HF and HCl emissions. We considered 
establishing a standard that would be more stringent than the MACT 
floor for existing clay refractory products kilns, based on the use of 
a DIFF, which is one of the most effective HF/HCl APCD currently in use 
in the brick and structural clay products industry.
    Based on our analyses, we concluded that establishing an emission 
standard based on the emissions reductions that would be achievable 
using a DIFF would not be reasonable at this time. Our analysis 
included estimates of emission reductions that would be achieved by 
this approach and the cost impacts on the affected facilities. Based on 
our estimates, the capital costs of installing a DIFF on each of the 
six existing clay refractory products kilns located at the three 
facilities that produce clay refractories and are major sources of HAP 
emissions total $5.5 million. The annualized control costs for these 
facilities would be $2.2 million per year. Two of these facilities are 
small businesses and would incur combined capital costs of $2.4 million 
and combined annualized control costs of more than $1.0 million per 
year. Based on the cost-to-sales ratios for this option, one of these 
small businesses would incur significant adverse economic impacts, and 
the other small business would incur substantial adverse economic 
impacts. In terms of HAP removal, the annualized control costs overall 
for the three facilities would total $34,100 per ton of HAP removed. 
Based on these costs and impacts, we determined that the benefits of 
installing DIFF on existing clay refractory products kilns do not 
justify the cost at this time. Therefore, we are not requiring that 
existing clay refractory kilns meet an emission limit more stringent 
than the MACT floor level of control. Instead, we are requiring the use 
of natural gas fuel, or equivalent, as a work practice standard for 
clay refractory products kilns.
3. How Did We Select the Work Practice Standards?
    Under section 112(h) of the CAA, we can establish work practice 
standards for HAP sources if it is not feasible to establish numerical 
emission limits for those sources. Emission standards are deemed not 
feasible when emissions cannot be captured or conveyed to a control 
device or when it is not practical to measure emissions due to 
technological and economic limitations. Today's proposed rule would 
establish work practice standards for four types of existing HAP 
emission sources: Shape preheaters and pitch working tanks that are 
used in the production of pitch-impregnated refractory products, 
chromium refractory products kilns, and clay refractory products kilns.
    Hazardous air pollutant emissions from shape preheaters result from 
the volatilization of POM from the residual pitch on the baskets or 
containers that are used to hold and transport shapes to and from the 
autoclave, defumer, and, if applicable, coking oven. Facilities that 
perform pitch impregnation periodically clean the residual pitch off of 
these baskets or containers by abrasive blasting. A typical cleaning 
frequency is once every ten cycles, and that practice is the MACT floor 
control level for POM emissions from shape preheaters. If the facility 
operates a coking oven, the holding baskets undergo the coking cycle, 
which also cleans the baskets or containers by burning off any residual 
pitch that would volatilize in the shape preheater. Emissions from 
shape preheaters are likely to vary depending on the amount of residual 
pitch present, which in turn depends on how many impregnation cycles 
the baskets have undergone since the baskets were last cleaned. In any 
case, emissions are likely to be very low and actually may not be 
detectable in the exhaust stream due to the relatively small amounts of 
pitch present on basket and container surfaces. For this reason, we 
believe that it is not feasible to establish a numerical emission limit 
for shape preheaters, and a work practice standard is appropriate for 
this type of source.
    In addition to coking and abrasive blasting, the other work 
practice that is used by one facility to control POM emissions from 
shape preheaters is to exhaust preheater emissions to the defumer 
control device. We believe that either coking or exhausting emissions 
to the defumer control device would be as effective as abrasive 
blasting (the MACT floor control) in controlling POM emissions from 
shape preheaters. On

[[Page 42126]]

this basis, we concluded that it would be reasonable and appropriate to 
require affected facilities to implement at least one of these three 
work practices to ensure that POM emissions from shape preheaters are 
reduced.
    We considered beyond-the-floor options for establishing an emission 
standard for existing shape preheaters. We estimated the costs and 
emissions reductions associated with controlling preheater emissions 
with a thermal oxidizer. Based on our analyses, we concluded that 
establishing an emission standard or work practice standard based on 
the emissions reductions that would be achieved by controlling 
preheater emissions with a thermal oxidizer would not be reasonable at 
this time. Although two existing shape preheaters are controlled with a 
thermal oxidizer that also controls emissions from a defumer, it 
generally is not feasible to exhaust uncontrolled shape preheaters to 
existing defumer controls. The exhaust flow rate from a typical 
preheater is relatively high compared to defumer exhaust flow rates. As 
a result, defumer controls generally are undersized for controlling 
emissions from a defumer and a preheater. Therefore, we concluded that 
controlling shape preheater emissions would require installing a new 
thermal oxidizer. Our analysis included estimates of emission 
reductions and the cost impacts that would result from this approach. 
Based on our estimates, the annualized costs for this beyond-the-floor 
approach for a typical shape preheater would be $59,000 per year. The 
corresponding reductions in POM emissions would total 0.03 tons/yr (60 
lb/yr). In terms of HAP removal, the annualized control costs for a 
typical shape preheater would be $1.9 million per ton of HAP removed. 
Based on these costs and impacts, we determined that the benefits of 
this beyond-the-floor control option do not justify the cost at this 
time. Therefore, we are not requiring affected facilities to control 
HAP emissions from existing shape preheaters by exhausting preheater 
emissions to a thermal oxidizer.
    Emissions from pitch working tanks result primarily from the 
displacement of POM from the working tanks as the tanks fill with pitch 
and from the heating of the pitch in the working tanks, causing the 
pitch to volatilize and be released as POM. Because pitch working tanks 
empty and fill with each impregnation cycle, pitch working tank exhaust 
flow is intermittent. In addition, exhaust flow rates from working 
tanks are very low. For these reasons, it is not practical to measure 
working tank emissions, and it is not feasible to establish a numerical 
emission limit for working tanks. Therefore, we concluded that a work 
practice standard is appropriate for this type of source.
    As discussed previously, the MACT floor for existing pitch working 
tanks is a work practice that entails exhausting working tank emissions 
to the defumer thermal oxidizer. We believe that this practice is an 
effective and appropriate method of controlling POM emissions from 
working tanks. Consequently, we selected this work practice for 
existing pitch working tanks.
    We considered beyond-the-floor options for establishing a standard 
for existing pitch working tanks. Defumer thermal oxidizers operate 
only during impregnation and defuming cycles and do not necessarily 
operate during all periods when the pitch working tank is in operation. 
Therefore, as a beyond-the-floor control option for pitch working 
tanks, we considered requiring affected facilities to use defumer 
thermal oxidizers to control working tank emissions during all periods 
when the working tank is operating. We estimated that this requirement 
would result in operating a typical defumer thermal oxidizer for an 
additional 2 hours per day. The estimated annualized cost of this 
additional operating time for a defumer thermal oxidizer that operates 
at the MACT floor level of control would be $7,900 per year, and the 
corresponding reductions in POM emissions would be 0.005 tons/yr (9 lb/
yr) for a typical pitch working tank. In terms of HAP removal, the 
annualized control costs for a typical pitch working tank would be $1.7 
million per ton of HAP removed. Because the HAP emissions reductions 
associated with this beyond-the-floor option would be so low (9 lb/yr), 
we concluded that the benefits of this control option do not justify 
the cost at this time. For these reasons, we decided against requiring 
that the defumer APCD, which also controls working tank emissions, be 
operated during all times when the pitch working tank is in operation.
    We decided to require the use of natural gas as the kiln fuel 
because that work practice is the basis for the MACT floor for existing 
chromium and clay refractory products kilns. This work practice would 
prevent the future use of kiln fuels that emit HAP metals, HF, or HCl. 
In addition, this work practice would impose no additional costs on 
existing facilities other than the costs associated with the initial 
notification and recordkeeping requirements.

E. How Did We Select the Emission Limits for New Sources?

    For new sources, the CAA requires MACT to be based on the degree of 
emissions reduction achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar 
source. Today's proposed rule would establish emission limits for new 
thermal process sources that emit organic HAP and new clay refractory 
kilns.
    For the subcategories that include thermal process sources that use 
organic HAP and pitch-impregnated refractory sources, thermal oxidizer 
control is the MACT floor technology for both existing and new affected 
thermal process sources or organic HAP. For each group of sources 
covered by these two subcategories that would be subject to an emission 
limit (i.e., shape dryers, curing ovens, kilns, defumers, coking ovens, 
and shape preheaters), the best control is a thermal oxidizer that 
operates at a higher temperature and longer residence time than does 
the MACT floor level thermal oxidizer for existing sources. However, 
when the performance of these best controls is compared to the 
performance of the MACT floor controls, the Arrhenius equation, which 
is the basis for the control device rankings, indicates that the best 
controls and MACT floor controls are indistinguishable with respect to 
their effectiveness in controlling organic HAP emissions. The available 
emission data on controlled thermal process sources also show no clear 
distinctions in performance between the best controls and the MACT 
floor controls. For these reasons, we concluded that the best-
performing sources are comparable to the MACT floor controls, and we 
decided to require the same emission limits for new sources of organic 
HAP as would be required for existing affected sources under the 
proposed rule: no more than 20 ppmvd THC, corrected to 18 percent 
O2, or at least 99.8 percent combustion efficiency.
    Under today's proposed rule, you would be required to satisfy a 
work practice standard for existing shape preheaters. However, for new 
shape preheaters, you would be required to meet the same emission 
limits that are required for other thermal process sources of organic 
HAP. That is, you would have to meet either a THC emission 
concentration of 20 ppmvd, corrected to 18 percent O2, or a 
combustion efficiency of at least 99.8 percent. The data indicate that 
the best-controlled preheaters are equipped with thermal oxidizers that 
are comparable to the best controls used on the other

[[Page 42127]]

thermal process sources of organic HAP. Therefore, we concluded that 
the same emission limits that apply to other new thermal process 
sources of organic HAP should apply to new shape preheaters as well.
    Pitch working tanks also emit organic HAP. However, we did not 
establish emission limits for new pitch working tanks because the low 
and intermittent exhaust flow rates that characterize pitch working 
tanks preclude accurate measurement of pitch working tank emissions. 
Therefore, we decided to establish the same work practice for new pitch 
working tanks as would be required for existing pitch working tanks. 
That is, the practice of exhausting pitch working tank emissions to the 
same control device that controls emissions from an affected defumer or 
coking oven, or to a comparable control device.
    The HAP emitted from chromium refractory products kilns include 
hexavalent chromium, other chromium compounds, and other nonvolatile 
HAP metals, all of which are emitted in the form of PM. As discussed 
previously, no chromium refractory products kilns are equipped with an 
APCD that would be effective in controlling emissions of nonvolatile 
HAP metals. Furthermore, there are no similar sources equipped with an 
APCD that would reduce emissions of PM or nonvolatile HAP metals. 
Consequently, we are not establishing an emission limit for new 
chromium refractory products kilns. Instead, we are requiring the use 
of natural gas fuel, or equivalent, as a work practice standard for new 
chromium refractory products kilns.
    No clay refractory kilns currently in operation are equipped with 
APCD that would be effective in reducing emissions of HF or HCl. 
However, under Section 112(d) of the CAA, emission standards for new 
sources can be based on the control levels achieved by similar sources 
in other industries. Several kilns used in the brick and structural 
clay products industry are equipped with APCD to reduce emissions of HF 
and HCl, and emission data are available for some of those controlled 
kilns. Because brick kilns are similar in design, operation, and 
emission characteristics to clay refractory kilns, we concluded that 
the emission data for the best-controlled brick kilns would be 
representative of the best APCD available for clay refractory kilns.
    The brick industry emission data indicate that kilns controlled 
with a DIFF, DLS/FF, or wet scrubber can achieve production-based HF 
emission limits of 0.001 kg/Mg (0.002 lb/ton) and an HF control 
efficiency of 99.5 percent. The brick industry data for HCl emissions 
indicates that a production-based HCl emission limit of 0.0025 kg/Mg 
(0.005 lb/ton) and an HCl control efficiency of 98 percent can be 
achieved by the best-controlled sources. Based on these data, we 
decided it would be appropriate to establish these same emission limits 
for new clay refractory products kilns.

F. How Did We Select the Format of the Standard?

    In determining the format of the standard for thermal process 
sources, we considered several alternatives, including an emission 
concentration, emission rate, emission factor, control efficiency, and 
combustion efficiency. From our analysis of the available data, we 
concluded that THC emission concentration and combustion efficiency 
limits are the most practical and appropriate formats for refractory 
products thermal process sources.
    Due to a lack of HAP emission data on controlled sources, we were 
unable to establish HAP emission limits for the types of emission 
sources that would be subject to the proposed rule. Therefore, we 
considered using THC as a surrogate for organic HAP emissions. We 
selected a THC emission concentration format because it has several 
advantages over the other formats considered. The test method for THC, 
EPA Method 25A, is a relatively straightforward and inexpensive 
procedure that provides near real-time results. The emission 
concentration format also eliminates the need to measure control device 
inlet data, which would be required for a control efficiency standard. 
In addition, an emission concentration limit of 20 ppmvd THC is 
consistent with several NESHAP for other source categories that use 
thermal and catalytic oxidizers for organic HAP control.
    As an alternative to the THC emission concentration limit, we 
considered a combustion efficiency limit format for the standard. 
Combustion efficiency provides a measure of the extent to which carbon 
in the exhaust stream, typically in the form of organic compounds, is 
converted to CO2. Although it is difficult to correlate 
combustion efficiency to the extent to which organic compounds are 
destroyed (i.e., destruction efficiency), a high combustion efficiency 
is generally accepted as an indication that combustion-based controls 
are operating properly.
    A combustion efficiency format has distinct advantages over other 
potential formats for the refractory products manufacturing industry. 
The performance test methods required to show compliance with a 
combustion efficiency standard are well established, relatively simple, 
continuous, provide near real-time results, and are relatively 
inexpensive to perform. A combustion efficiency standard also allows 
for higher THC concentrations provided that the outlet concentrations 
of CO are relatively low. For example, if the CO2 and CO 
concentrations at the outlet of a thermal oxidizer were 2.0 percent and 
10 ppm, respectively, the source would meet the 99.8 percent combustion 
efficiency with a THC concentration of 30 ppm.
    Under today's proposed rule, new clay refractory kilns located at 
major source facilities would have the option of meeting production-
based or percent reduction emission limits for HF and HCl. We selected 
the production-based format because it accounts for differences in kiln 
sizes (i.e., kiln production rates) and, thus, does not penalize the 
use of larger kilns, as would be the case for a mass emission rate 
format. We included percent reduction emission limits as an alternative 
to production-based limits. Production-based emission limits may not be 
achievable for kilns that fire clays that have unusually high fluoride 
or chloride concentrations. In such cases, affected facilities with 
good emission controls could still meet percent reduction standards for 
HF and HCl.

G. How Did We Select the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?

    We selected EPA Methods 25A for THC, 3A for CO2, and 10 
for CO because they are the appropriate methods for determining THC 
concentrations and combustion efficiency. All three methods are 
standard EPA methods that are widely used and relatively inexpensive to 
perform. In addition, these methods provide continuous, near real-time 
results.
    Several of the performance testing requirements specified in 
today's proposed rule apply specifically to continuous process sources, 
and other requirements apply only to batch process sources.
    We decided to require batch process sources to meet a rolling 
average emission limit rather than an block average limit because 
organic HAP emissions from batch process sources generally vary 
significantly over the course of a cycle. Organic HAP emissions are 
likely to be negligible at the start of a cycle, then increase and peak 
several hours into the cycle. After peaking, organic HAP emissions 
typically decrease and may become negligible before the cycle is 
completed. The rolling average format would

[[Page 42128]]

eliminate situations where a batch process source far exceeds the 
emission limit during part of the process cycle, but is in overall 
compliance simply because the average emissions include several hourly 
values during which emissions are negligible.
    We decided to allow decreasing the operating temperature of (or 
shut off completely) thermal or catalytic oxidizers before the batch 
cycle is completed because the cycle time for some sources extends well 
beyond the period during which an emission control is needed to meet 
the THC emission limit. We believe that there is no need to operate the 
control device further if you can demonstrate that the emission limit 
can be met with the control device off line or operating at a reduced 
temperature.
    Under today's proposed rule, you would be required to conduct 
performance tests on affected thermal process sources under the 
conditions that would result in the highest levels of organic HAP 
emissions. Our objective in specifying this requirement is to ensure 
continuous compliance with the emission limits; if the source is in 
compliance with emission limits under such ``worst case'' conditions, 
it should also be in compliance when refractory shapes that contain 
other refractory mixes are processed.
    We decided to require monitoring of control device operating 
temperatures because operating temperatures (i.e., thermal oxidizer 
combustion chamber temperatures or catalytic oxidizer bed inlet 
temperatures) generally are reliable indicators of the performance of 
those control devices. We believe that sources that operate thermal and 
catalytic oxidizers at or above the operating temperatures established 
during performance tests generally would be meeting the emission 
limits. Therefore, establishing operating limits on the operating 
temperatures of thermal and catalytic oxidizers would help assure 
continuous compliance with the emission limits. We also believe that 
this requirement is not labor-intensive, does not require expensive or 
complex equipment, and does not require burdensome recordkeeping.
    For affected sources that are subject to the THC emission 
concentration limit and use alternative control methods, such as 
process modifications or add-on control devices other than thermal or 
catalytic oxidizers, we decided to require THC CEMS. Thermal and 
catalytic oxidizers are the only devices currently used to control 
organic emissions from refractory thermal process sources. The 
effectiveness of these controls for organic pollutants, including the 
types of organic HAP emitted by refractory products sources, is well 
established. In view of the uncertainty of how well other control 
methods would perform on refractory thermal process sources, we believe 
that requiring THC CEMS is warranted for sources that are equipped with 
other such controls. In most cases, CEMS provide the best indication 
that a source is complying with emission limits.
    The performance specifications established in 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix B, were developed specifically for providing reasonable 
assurance that CEMS are installed and operated properly. Therefore, we 
believe that it is warranted to require that affected thermal process 
sources equipped with alternative control devices comply with PS-8, 
which applies specifically to THC CEMS.
    We selected EPA Method 26A for demonstrating compliance with HF and 
HCl emission limits because Method 26A is the standard method for 
determining emissions of hydrogen halides, including HCl and HF, from 
stationary sources. We selected operating limits and monitoring 
requirements that we believe would ensure proper operation of add-on 
emission control devices that might be used to comply with the proposed 
requirements for new clay refractory kilns. We believe that sources 
that operate control devices within the operating limits established 
during performance tests generally would be meeting the emission 
limits. Therefore, establishing operating limits on the control devices 
would help assure continuous compliance with the emission limits. At 
the same time, the provisions are not labor-intensive, do not require 
expensive or complex equipment, and do not require burdensome 
recordkeeping. Temperature monitoring and recording equipment and lime 
injection rate monitoring and recording equipment are standard features 
on DIFF and DLS/FF systems. Water injection rate monitoring and 
recording equipment is a standard feature on DLS/FF controls. For wet 
scrubbers, pressure drop monitors and liquid flow monitors often are 
part of standard scrubber instrumentation. We decided to require you to 
conduct performance tests while each affected source is operating at 
the maximum production level because exceedances of emission limits are 
more likely to occur when production rates are highest. We believe this 
requirement helps to ensure that compliance with the emission limits is 
maintained continuously without being labor-intensive, requiring 
expensive or complex equipment, and requiring burdensome recordkeeping.
    The proposed rule would require all continuous process sources to 
be tested for at least three test runs of at least 1 hour each because 
this requirement is specified in 40 CFR 63.7(e)(3) of the General 
Provisions. Requiring a minimum of three 1-hour test runs is typical 
for most performance tests required under part 63 for continuous 
sources.
    For affected batch process sources, we decided to require testing 
during three separate batch cycles because emissions from batch 
processes can vary significantly over the course of a cycle. Testing 
during a single cycle might not account for these variations. On the 
other hand, we believe that testing throughout three complete cycles 
would be unreasonably costly and unnecessary if test runs could focus 
on the periods when emissions are greatest. For this reason, we 
included in the proposed rule alternatives to testing for three 
complete cycles.
    We selected the option of using an emissions profile because such a 
profile would identify exactly when peak emissions occur. We believe 
that testing during the period of peak emissions would be adequate for 
demonstrating compliance with the emission limits. For batch process 
clay refractory kilns, we selected a 3-hour peak period because we 
believe that 3 hours is adequate in length for encompassing the peak 
emissions period. We selected a longer (4-hour) peak period for organic 
HAP sources because we believe that organic HAP emissions are likely to 
experience greater fluctuations than would PM or HF emissions. When an 
emissions profile is used, you would still be required to perform at 
least three test runs.
    We also incorporated the option of allowing the testing of batch 
process sources to be stopped following the 3-hour period that follows 
peak process temperature. We decided to include this option because it 
may be less burdensome than developing an emissions profile for 
particularly long batch cycles. For thermal process sources of organic 
HAP, we believe that emissions generally peak within a few hours of the 
peak process temperature, if not sooner. Therefore, testing for an 
additional 3 hours after peak process temperature is reached should 
ensure that the test run encompasses the period of peak emissions. For 
clay refractory kilns, emissions of HF and HCl begin when the clays are 
heated to approximately 540 deg.C (1000 deg.F). We assume that HF and 
HCl emission rates increase for several hours before

[[Page 42129]]

peaking and declining. We believe that requiring that the tests be 
performed for at least 3 hours following peak temperature provides 
reasonable assurance that the testing period would encompass the peak 
emissions period.

H. How Did We Select the Continuous Compliance Requirements?

    In determining the proposed continuous compliance requirements, we 
first considered establishing continuous emission limits and requiring 
the use of CEMS. For thermal processes that emit organic HAP and are 
equipped with emission controls that were comparable to, or better 
than, the MACT floor level of control, we were able to obtain 
continuous THC emission data only for two batch process sources. Both 
sources were operated with relatively short cycle times, and we 
concluded that those data were not adequate for establishing a 
continuous THC emission limit. In addition, we have no continuous 
emission data for HAP or HAP surrogates for chromium refractory or clay 
refractory products kilns.
    We next considered continuous and periodic monitoring of control 
device operating parameters. Many plants already perform continuous or 
periodic monitoring of operating parameters and already have parameter 
measurement devices in place. Operating limits based on continuous 
monitoring of APCD operating parameters using CPMS would help to assure 
that the APCD continuously operates at the same level of performance as 
it did during the initial performance test during which you meet the 
emission limits. Therefore, we concluded that continuous monitoring of 
control device operating parameters would help assure continuous 
compliance with the emission limits. In addition, in most cases, CPMS 
are more economical to install and operate compared to the cost of 
CEMS.
    In the case of thermal process sources subject to the THC emission 
concentration limit that use alternative emission controls, we decided 
to make an exception to allowing the use of CPMS to demonstrate 
continuous compliance. Because of the uncertainty in how well other 
control methods would perform on refractory thermal process sources, we 
believe that requiring THC CEMS is warranted for sources that are 
equipped with alternative controls. Furthermore, to provide reasonable 
assurance that those CEMS are operated and maintained properly, we 
believe that there is justification for requiring that affected thermal 
process sources equipped with alternative control devices comply with 
Procedure 1 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix F.
    We decided to require the monitoring and recording of the organic 
HAP processing rate and process operating temperature hourly because 
these parameters are the primary determinants of organic HAP emissions. 
Verifying that the values of these parameters do not exceed the 
corresponding levels measured during the performance test would help 
assure continuous compliance with the emission limits.
    We selected the requirement for monitoring thermal oxidizer 
combustion chamber temperature because temperature monitoring is one of 
the most reliable methods for evaluating the performance of thermal 
oxidizers. The other parameters that affect thermal oxidizer 
performance (i.e., the residence time and degree of mixing) are fixed 
by design and generally do not vary, whereas the combustion chamber 
temperature can be increased or decreased to influence combustion 
efficiency and the level of organic pollutant destruction.
    We selected the requirement for monitoring the catalyst bed inlet 
temperature on catalytic oxidizers because the bed inlet operating 
temperature is a reliable indicator of catalytic oxidizer performance. 
Although space velocity is also an indicator of the performance of 
catalytic oxidizers, space velocity is fixed by design and does not 
generally vary. However, catalyst bed inlet temperature can be 
regulated to increase or decrease the performance of a catalytic 
oxidizer. We also decided to require you to maintain the catalyst 
according to manufacturer's specifications because of the danger of the 
catalyst being poisoned by contaminants in the exhaust stream. 
Poisoning can greatly reduce the effective of catalytic oxidizers in 
controlling organic emissions. Therefore, we believe that maintenance 
of the catalyst is critical for providing assurance that catalytic 
oxidizers continue to perform well.
    The requirements that we have selected for monitoring thermal and 
catalytic oxidizer operating temperatures are typical of other NESHAP 
that regulate organic HAP emissions. The equipment needed for 
monitoring operating temperature is standard on many thermal and 
catalytic oxidizers. Furthermore, we believe these requirements are not 
labor-intensive and do not require burdensome recordkeeping.
    For clay refractory kilns that are controlled with a DIFF or DLS/
FF, we decided to require bag leak detection systems, monitoring of 
fabric filter inlet temperature, and periodic checks that lime is free-
flowing because we believe that these requirements would help to assure 
continuous compliance and identify operating problems at the source. At 
the same time, the provisions are not labor-intensive, do not require 
expensive or complex equipment, and do not require burdensome 
recordkeeping. Bag leak detection systems are often used as a means of 
monitoring fabric filter performance. Temperature monitoring and 
recording equipment and lime injection rate monitoring and recording 
equipment are standard features on DIFF and DLS/FF systems. For kilns 
controlled with a DLS/FF, we decided to require monitoring of water 
injection rates because water injection rate monitoring and recording 
equipment is a standard feature on DLS/FF controls. For kilns 
controlled with wet scrubbers, we decided to require monitoring of the 
pressure drop across the scrubber, scrubber liquid pH, and liquid flow 
rate because these parameters are good indicators of scrubber 
performance and the removal of acid gases. In addition, pressure drop 
monitors and liquid flow monitors often are part of the standard 
instrumentation for wet scrubbers.

I. How Did We Select the Notification, Reporting, and Recordkeeping 
Requirements?

    We selected the specific notification, reporting, and recordkeeping 
requirements that would be required under today's proposed rule because 
these requirements are all specified in the General Provisions to part 
63 (subpart A). Selecting requirements that are specified in the 
General Provisions ensures consistency with other NESHAP.
    We selected the specific elements that must be included in your 
OM&M plan because we believe that having documented procedures and the 
other information on emission control and monitoring equipment included 
in the plan is necessary for ensuring compliance and facilitating 
enforcement. Having a list of affected sources, control devices, CPMS, 
and recordkeeping procedures is needed for compliance inspections. 
Monitoring schedules are needed for ensuring that operating limits are 
maintained. Established maintenance procedures would help to ensure the 
proper operation of control devices and CPMS. Established corrective 
action procedures are needed to ensure that, when deviations occur, 
problems are diagnosed and rectified quickly.

[[Page 42130]]

IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy and Economic Impacts

A. What Are the Air Quality Impacts?

    At the current level of control and 1996 production levels, we 
estimate nationwide emissions of HAP from the refractory products 
manufacturing industry to be about 258 Mg/yr (284 tons/yr). For the 
eight refractory products facilities that we estimate to be major 
sources, baseline annual HAP emissions are about 161 Mg/yr (177 tons/
yr). We estimate that the rule as proposed would reduce nationwide HAP 
emissions by about 120 Mg/yr (132 tons/yr).
    Among the major sources, POM emissions account for approximately 55 
percent of the total annual HAP emissions. Hydrogen fluoride, phenol, 
HCl, and ethylene glycol account for 16 percent, 12 percent, 11 
percent, and 6 percent of total annual HAP emissions, respectively. 
Formaldehyde and chromium compounds each account for less than 1 
percent of total baseline annual HAP emissions. The rule as proposed 
would reduce annual POM emissions by as much as 90 Mg/yr (99 tons/yr). 
Emissions of phenol and ethylene glycol would be reduced by 
approximately 19 Mg/yr (21 tons/year) and 11 Mg/yr (12 tons/yr), 
respectively. Implementing today's rule as proposed would also reduce 
VOC and CO emissions by 136 Mg/yr (150 tons/yr) and 14 Mg/yr (15 tons/
yr), respectively. The rule as proposed would result in an increase in 
annual NOX emissions of about 25 Mg/yr (27 tons/yr) due to 
the operation of additional thermal oxidizers to control organic HAP 
emissions.
    Indirect or secondary air impacts of today's rule as proposed would 
result from increased electricity usage associated with operation of 
control devices. Assuming that plants would purchase electricity from a 
power plant, we estimate that the standards as proposed would increase 
secondary emissions of criteria pollutants, including PM less than 10 
micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), SO2, 
NOX, and CO from power plants. Under the rule as proposed, 
secondary PM10 emissions would increase by 0.54 Mg/yr (0.6 
tons/yr); secondary SO2 emissions would increase by about 22 
Mg/yr (24 tons/yr); secondary NOX emissions would increase 
about 11 Mg/yr (12 tons/yr); and secondary CO emissions would increase 
by about 0.36 Mg/yr (0.4 tons/yr).
    We estimate that there will be no new sources within the refractory 
products manufacturing industry within the next 3 years. Therefore, we 
are not projecting air impacts for new sources under the proposed rule.

B. What Are the Water and Solid Waste Impacts?

    To comply with the rule as proposed, we expect that affected 
facilities would control organic HAP emissions by installing and 
operating thermal oxidizers. Therefore, we project that today's rule as 
proposed would have no water or solid waste impacts.

C. What Are the Energy Impacts?

    Energy impacts consist of the electricity and fuel needed to 
operate control devices and other equipment that would be required 
under the proposed rule. Assuming that affected facilities would comply 
with the rule as proposed by installing and operating thermal 
oxidizers, we project that today's rule as proposed would require 
increase overall energy demand (i.e., electricity and natural gas) by 
about 730 thousand gigajoules per year (690 billion British thermal 
units per year). Electricity requirements are expected to increase by 
about 3,910 megawatt-hours per year under the proposed standards. 
Natural gas requirements would increase by about 18 million cubic 
meters per year (644 million cubic feet per year) under the rule as 
proposed.

D. What Are the Cost Impacts?

    The estimated total capital costs of today's proposed rule are $3.5 
million. These capital costs apply to existing sources and include the 
costs to purchase and install thermal oxidizers on affected sources 
that are not currently controlled. The estimated annualized cost of the 
rule as proposed is $1.6 million. The annualized costs account for the 
annualized capital costs of the control and monitoring equipment, 
operation and maintenance expenses, performance testing, and 
recordkeeping and reporting costs.

E. What Are the Economic Impacts?

    The EPA prepared an economic analysis to evaluate the impact the 
proposed rule would have on the producers and consumers of 
refractories, and society as a whole. The refractories industry 
consists of 167 establishments, 8 of which are estimated to be major 
sources. The total annualized social cost of the proposed rule is $1.4 
million (in 1998 dollars). Our analysis indicates that this cost would 
lead to minimal changes in prices and the quantity of refractories 
produced in each sector of the refractories market. Prices in the 
refractory bricks and shapes sector are estimated to increase by \1/
10th\ of one percent while production may decrease by \1/100th\ of one 
percent. Prices for monolithics increase negligibly by \1/100th\ of one 
percent and the quantity produced is almost unchanged (a decrease of 
only 12 tons per year). The refractory ceramic fiber sector of the 
market is not affected by the rule as proposed and, thus, no price or 
production level changes are predicted. Of the eight major sources of 
HAP emissions, one facility may close due to regulatory costs. However, 
EPA recognizes that this facility, as well as the other affected 
facilities, have several options to change input materials or 
attributes of their production process such that they could 
substantially reduce the cost associated with add-on control 
technology. Without explicit knowledge of decisions to be made by this 
and other facilities in response to the proposed rule, our analysis 
assumes only that add-on control technology would be installed. Hence 
the cost of add-on controls would exceed total revenues of this 
facility, causing it to close. This estimated facility closure in the 
market has a minimal influence on prices and productions levels, as is 
described above.

V. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), EPA 
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and, 
therefore, subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget 
(OMB) and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order 
defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to 
result in a rule that may:
    (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or 
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities;
    (2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an 
action taken or planned by another agency;
    (3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, 
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligations of 
recipients thereof; or
    (4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal 
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in 
the Executive Order.
    Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been 
determined that the proposed rule is not a ``significant regulatory 
action'' because

[[Page 42131]]

none of the listed criteria apply to this action. Consequently, this 
action was not submitted to OMB for review under Executive Order 12866.

B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism

    Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure 
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the 
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.'' 
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the 
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct 
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national 
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities among the various levels of government.'' Under 
Executive Order 13132, EPA may not issue a regulation that has 
federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance 
costs, and that is not required by statute, unless the Federal 
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance 
costs incurred by State and local governments, or EPA consults with 
State and local officials early in the process of developing the 
proposed regulation. The EPA may also not issue a regulation that has 
federalism implications and that preempts State law unless EPA consults 
with State and local officials early in the process of developing the 
proposed regulation.
    If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 13132 requires EPA 
to provide to OMB, in a separately identified section of the preamble 
to the rule, a federalism summary impact statement (FSIS). The FSIS 
must include a description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation 
with State and local officials, a summary of the nature of their 
concerns and EPA's position supporting the need to issue the 
regulation, and a statement of the extent to which the concerns of 
State and local officials have been met. Also, when EPA transmits a 
draft final rule with federalism implications to OMB for review 
pursuant to Executive Order 12866, EPA must include a certification 
from EPA's Federalism Official stating that EPA has met the 
requirements of Executive Order 13132 in a meaningful and timely 
manner.
    The proposed rule would not have a substantial direct effects on 
the States, on the relationship between the national government and the 
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132. 
This determination has been made since none of the affected plant sites 
under the proposed rule are owned or operated by State or local 
governments. Thus, the requirements of section 6 of the Executive Order 
do not apply to the proposed rule. Although section 6 of Executive 
Order 13132 does not apply to the proposed rule, EPA is providing State 
and local officials an opportunity to comment on the proposed rule. A 
summary of the concerns raised during the notice and comment process 
and EPA's response to those concerns will be provided in the final 
rulemaking notice.

C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination 
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000), 
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful 
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory 
policies that have tribal implications.'' ``Policies that have tribal 
implications'' is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations 
that have ``substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on 
the relationship between the Federal government and the Indian tribes, 
or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the 
Federal government and Indian tribes.''
    The proposed rule would not have tribal implications. It would not 
have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the 
relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on 
the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. No 
affected plant sites are owned or operated by Indian tribal 
governments. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to the proposed 
rule. In the spirit of Executive Order 13175, and consistent with EPA 
policy to promote communications between EPA and tribal governments, 
EPA specifically solicits additional comment on the proposed rule from 
tribal officials.

D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies to any 
rule that (1) is determined to be ``economically significant'' as 
defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns the environmental 
health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a 
disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets 
both criteria, EPA must evaluate the environmental health or safety 
effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the planned 
regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably 
feasible alternatives considered by EPA.
    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that 
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has 
the potential to influence the regulation. Today's proposed rule is not 
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is not an economically 
significant regulatory action as defined by Executive Order 12866, and 
it is based on technology performance and not on health or safety 
risks.

E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    The proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 
28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not a significant regulatory action 
under Executive Order 12866.

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public 
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal 
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA 
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit 
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that 
may result in expenditures by State, local, and tribal governments, in 
the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 
1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement 
is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify 
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt 
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative 
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, 
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least 
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the 
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that 
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory 
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small

[[Page 42132]]

governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed, 
under section 203 of the UMRA, a small government agency plan. The plan 
must provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, 
enabling officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and 
timely input in the development of EPA's regulatory proposals with 
significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, 
educating, and advising small governments on compliance with the 
regulatory requirements.
    The EPA has determined that the proposed rule does not contain a 
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more 
for State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the 
private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annual cost for the 
proposed refractory products manufacturing standards for any 1 year is 
estimated at $3.8 million. Thus, today's proposed rule is not subject 
to the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, 
EPA has determined that today's proposed rule contains no regulatory 
requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small 
governments because it contains no requirements that apply to such 
governments or impose obligations upon them. Therefore, today's 
proposed rule is not subject to the requirements of section 203 of the 
UMRA.

G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business 
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1966 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.

    The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory 
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment 
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any 
other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule would not have 
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, 
and small governmental jurisdictions.
    For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule on 
small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business whose 
parent company has fewer than 500 employees; (2) a small governmental 
jurisdiction that is a government or a city, county, town, school 
district or special district with a population of less than 50,000; and 
(3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise which is 
independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field.
    Based on a screening of impacts on small entities, I certify that 
this action would not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. We estimate that, of the 
facilities affected by the proposed rule, there is one facility owned 
by a small company. The estimated compliance cost for this company 
represents less than one-half of one percent (0.50%) of company sales. 
The proposed rule would also result in a small increase in revenues and 
profits for unaffected small entities in the refractories market. This 
occurs because the overall market price is expected to increase by a 
minimal amount. Small entities in this market would not incur any 
additional cost to produce refractories; however, they would be able to 
increase their prices slightly in response to market changes from the 
proposed rule. Our analysis estimates that the 58 small entities 
(owning 76 facilities) operating in the refractories market would 
increase revenues by a total of $550,000 and increase profits by 
$85,000 (in 1998 dollars).

H. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection requirements in this proposed rule will 
be submitted for approval to OMB under the requirements of the 
Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. The EPA has prepared an 
Information Collection Request (ICR) document (ICR No. 2040.01), and a 
copy may be obtained from Sandy Farmer, by mail at U.S. EPA, Office of 
Environmental Information, Collection Strategies Division (2822), 1200 
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460; by e-mail at 
[email protected]; or by calling (202) 260-2740. You may also 
download a copy off the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/icr. The 
information requirements are not effective until OMB approves them.
    The information requirements are based on notification, 
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the NESHAP General 
Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all 
operators subject to national emission standards. These recordkeeping 
and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114 
of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to EPA pursuant 
to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a claim of 
confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA's policies set 
forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
    The proposed rule would not require any notifications or reports 
beyond those required by the NESHAP General Provisions. The 
recordkeeping requirements require only the specific information needed 
to determine compliance.
    The annual monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping burden for this 
collection of information (averaged over the first 3 years after the 
effective date of the rule) is estimated to be 658 labor hours per year 
at a total annual cost of $32,100. This burden estimate includes time 
for acquisition, installation, and use of monitoring technology and 
systems; preparation and a one-time submission of an SSMP, with 
immediate reports for any event when the procedures in the plan were 
not followed; preparation of an OM&M plan; one-time notifications; 
semiannual compliance reports; and recordkeeping. Total capital/startup 
costs associated with the monitoring requirements (e.g., costs for 
hiring performance test contractors and purchase of monitoring and file 
storage equipment) over the 3-year period of the ICR are estimated at 
$31,400, with operation and maintenance costs of $730/yr.
    Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources 
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or 
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time 
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize 
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and 
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and 
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to 
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; 
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; 
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; 
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
    An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's 
regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
    Comments are requested on EPA's need for this information, the 
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods 
for minimizing respondent burden, including through the use of 
automated collection techniques. Send comments on the ICR to the 
Director, Collection Strategies Division, U.S. EPA (2822), 1200 
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460; and to the Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 
725 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20503, marked ``Attention: Desk 
Officer for EPA.''

[[Page 42133]]

Include the ICR number in any correspondence. Since OMB is required to 
make a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60 days after June 
20, 2002, a comment to OMB is best assured of having its full effect if 
OMB receives it by July 22, 2002. The final rule will respond to any 
OMB or public comments on the information collection requirements 
contained in this proposal.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act (NTTAA) of 1995 (Public Law No. 104-113; 15 U.S.C. 272 note) 
directs the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in their 
regulatory and procurement activities unless to do so would be 
inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary 
consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., materials 
specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, business practices) 
developed or adopted by one or more voluntary consensus bodies. The 
NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through annual reports to OMB, 
with explanations when an agency does not use available and applicable 
voluntary consensus standards.
    The proposed rulemaking involves technical standards. The EPA 
proposes to use the following methods in the proposed rule: EPA Methods 
1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, 2G, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 10, 25A, and 26A. 
Consistent with the NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify voluntary 
consensus standards in addition to these EPA methods. No applicable 
voluntary consensus standards were identified for EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 
2D, 2F, and 2G. The search and review results have been documented and 
are placed in the docket (Docket No. A-2000-50) for the proposed rule.
    The voluntary consensus standard ASME C00031, PTC 19-10-1981--Part 
10, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,'' is cited in the proposed rule 
for its manual methods for measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and 
carbon monoxide content of exhaust gas. This part of ASME C00031, PTC 
19-10-1981--Part 10, is an acceptable alternative to Method 3B.
    In addition to the voluntary consensus standards EPA proposes to 
use in the rule, the search for emissions measurement procedures 
identified 14 other voluntary consensus standards. The EPA determined 
that 11 of these 14 standards identified for measuring emissions of the 
HAP or surrogates subject to emission standards in the proposed rule 
were impractical alternatives to EPA test methods for the purposes of 
the proposed rule. Therefore, EPA does not propose to adopt these 
standards for this purpose.
    Three of the 18 voluntary consensus standards identified in this 
search were not available at the time the review was conducted for the 
purposes of this proposed rule because they are under development by a 
voluntary consensus body: ASME/BSR MFC 13M, ``Flow Measurement by 
Velocity Traverse,'' for EPA Method 2 (and possibly 1); ASME/BSR MFC 
12M, ``Flow in Closed Conduits Using Multiport Averaging Pitot Primary 
Flowmeters,'' for EPA Method 2; and ISO/DIS 12039, ``Stationary Source 
Emissions--Determination of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and 
Oxygen--Automated Methods,'' for EPA Methods 3A and 10.
    Table 4 of the today's proposed rule lists the EPA testing methods 
included in the proposed regulation. Under 40 CFR 63.7(f) of the 
General Provisions, a source may apply to EPA for permission to use 
alternative test methods in place of any of the EPA testing methods.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental 
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: May 23, 2002.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part 
63 of the Code of the Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as 
follows:

PART 63--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

    2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart SSSSS to read as follows:

Subpart SSSSS--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Refractory Products Manufacturing

Sec.

What This Subpart Covers

63.9780  What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.9782  Am I subject to this subpart?
63.9784  What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.9786  When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

63.9788  What emission limits, operating limits, and work practice 
standards must I meet?
63.9790  What are my options for meeting the emission limits?

General Compliance Requirements

63.9792  What are my general requirements for complying with this 
subpart?
63.9790  What do I need to know about operation, maintenance, and 
monitoring plans?

Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements

63.9796  By what date must I conduct performance tests?
63.9798  When must I conduct subsequent performance tests?
63.9800  How do I conduct performance tests and establish operating 
limits?
63.9802  How do I develop an emissions profile?
63.9804  What are my monitoring system installation, operation, and 
maintenance requirements?
63.9806  How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission 
limits, operating limits, and work practice standards?

Continuous Compliance Requirements

63.9808  How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate continuous 
compliance?
63.9810  How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards?

Notifications, Reports, and Records

63.9812  What notifications must I submit and when?
63.9814  What reports must I submit and when?
63.9816  What records must I keep?
63.9818  In what form and how long must I keep my records?

Other Requirements and Information

63.9820  What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
63.9822  Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.9824  What material is incorporated by reference?
63.9826  What definitions apply to this subpart?

Tables to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63

Table 1 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Emission Limits
Table 2 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Operating Limits
Table 3 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Work Practice Standards
Table 4 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Requirements for Performance 
Tests
Table 5 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Initial Compliance With 
Emission Limits
Table 6 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Initial Compliance with Work 
Practice Standards
Table 7 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Continuous Compliance with 
Emission Limits

[[Page 42134]]

Table 8 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Continuous Compliance with 
Operating Limits
Table 9 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Continuous Compliance with Work 
Practice Standards
Table 10 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Requirements for Reports
Table 11 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63--Applicability of General 
Provisions to Subpart SSSSS

What This Subpart Covers


Sec. 63.9780  What is the purpose of this subpart?

    This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous 
air pollutants (NESHAP) for refractory products manufacturing 
facilities. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate 
initial and continuous compliance with the emission limitations.


Sec. 63.9782  Am I subject to this subpart?

    You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a refractory 
products manufacturing facility that is, is located at, or is part of, 
a major source of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions according to 
the criteria in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
    (a) A refractory products manufacturing facility is a plant site 
that manufactures refractory products (refractory bricks, refractory 
shapes, monolithics, kiln furniture, crucibles, and other materials 
used for lining furnaces and other high temperature process units). 
Refractory products manufacturing facilities typically process raw 
material by crushing, grinding, and screening; mixing the processed raw 
materials with binders and other additives; forming the refractory mix 
into shapes; and drying and firing the shapes.
    (b) A major source of HAP is a plant site that emits or has the 
potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams (10 tons) 
or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 22.68 megagrams 
(25 tons) or more per year.


Sec. 63.9784  What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

    (a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, or existing 
affected source at a refractory products manufacturing facility.
    (b) The existing affected sources are shape dryers, curing ovens, 
and kilns that are used to manufacture refractory products that use 
organic HAP; shape preheaters, pitch working tanks, defumers, and 
coking ovens that are used to produce pitch-impregnated refractory 
products; kilns that are used to manufacture chromium refractory 
products; and kilns that are used to manufacture clay refractory 
products.
    (c) The new or reconstructed affected sources are shape dryers, 
curing ovens, and kilns that are used to manufacture refractory 
products that use organic HAP; shape preheaters, pitch working tanks, 
defumers, and coking ovens used to produce pitch-impregnated refractory 
products; kilns that are used to manufacture chromium refractory 
products; and kilns that are used to manufacture clay refractory 
products.
    (d) Shape dryers, curing ovens, kilns, coking ovens, defumers, 
shape preheaters, and pitch working tanks that are used exclusively for 
research and development (R&D) and are not used to manufacture products 
for commercial sale are not subject to the requirements of this 
subpart.
    (e) A source is a new affected source if you began construction of 
the affected source after June 20, 2002, and you met the applicability 
criteria at the time you began construction.
    (f) An affected source is reconstructed if you meet the criteria as 
defined in Sec. 63.2.
    (g) An affected source is existing if it is not new or 
reconstructed.


Sec. 63.9786  When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    (a) If you have a new or reconstructed affected source, you must 
comply with this subpart according to paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this 
section.
    (1) If the initial startup of your affected source is before [DATE 
OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], then you 
must comply with the emission limitations for new and reconstructed 
sources in this subpart no later than [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL 
RULE IN THE Federal Register].
    (2) If the initial startup of your affected source is after [DATE 
OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], then you 
must comply with the emission limitations for new and reconstructed 
sources in this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source.
    (b) If you have an existing affected source, you must comply with 
the emission limitations for existing sources no later than [3 YEARS 
AFTER THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal 
Register].
    (c) You must be in compliance with this subpart when you conduct a 
performance test on an affected source.
    (d) If you have an existing area source that increases its 
emissions or its potential to emit such that it becomes a major source 
of HAP, you must be in compliance with this subpart according to 
paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Any portion of the existing facility that is a new affected 
source or a new reconstructed source must be in compliance with this 
subpart upon startup.
    (2) All other parts of the existing facility must be in compliance 
with this subpart by 3 years after the date the area source becomes a 
major source.
    (e) If you have a new area source (i.e., an area source for which 
construction or reconstruction was commenced after June 20, 2002) that 
increases its emissions or its potential to emit such that it becomes a 
major source of HAP, you must be in compliance with this subpart upon 
initial startup of your affected source as a major source.
    (f) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.9812 
according to the schedule in Sec. 63.9812 and in 40 CFR part 63, 
subpart A. Some of the notifications must be submitted before you are 
required to comply with the emission limitations in this subpart.

Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards


Sec. 63.9788  What emission limits, operating limits, and work practice 
standards must I meet?

    (a) You must meet each emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart 
that applies to you.
    (b) You must meet each operating limit in Table 2 to this subpart 
that applies to you.
    (c) You must meet each work practice standard in Table 3 to this 
subpart that applies to you.


Sec. 63.9790  What are my options for meeting the emission limits?

    To meet the emission limits in Table 1 to this subpart, you must 
use one or both of the options listed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this 
section.
    (a) Emissions control system. Use an emissions capture and 
collection system and an add-on air pollution control device (APCD) and 
demonstrate that the resulting emissions or emissions reductions meet 
the emission limits in Table 1 to this subpart, and that the capture 
and collection system and APCD meet the applicable operating limits in 
Table 2 to this subpart.
    (b) Process changes. Use raw materials that have little or no 
potential to emit HAP during the refractory products manufacturing 
process or implement manufacturing process changes and demonstrate that 
the resulting emissions or emissions reductions meet the emission 
limits in Table 1 to this subpart without an add-on APCD.

[[Page 42135]]

General Compliance Requirements


Sec. 63.9792  What are my general requirements for complying with this 
subpart?

    (a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations 
(including operating limits and work practice standards) in this 
subpart at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, and 
malfunction.
    (b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source, 
including air pollution control and monitoring equipment, according to 
the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i). During the period between the 
compliance date specified for your affected source in Sec. 63.9786 and 
the date upon which continuous monitoring systems have been installed 
and validated and any applicable operating limits have been 
established, you must maintain a log detailing the operation and 
maintenance of the process and emissions control equipment.
    (c) You must develop and implement a written startup, shutdown, and 
malfunction plan (SSMP) according to the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(3).
    (d) You must prepare and implement a written operation, 
maintenance, and monitoring (OM&M) plan according to the requirements 
in Sec. 63.9794.
    (e) You must be in compliance with the provisions of subpart A of 
this part, except as noted in Table 11 to this subpart.


Sec. 63.9794  What do I need to know about operation, maintenance, and 
monitoring plans?

    (a) For each continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) required 
by this subpart, you must develop, implement, make available for 
inspection, and revise, as necessary, an OM&M plan that includes the 
information in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Your OM&M plan must include, at a minimum, the information in 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (11) of this section.
    (1) A list and identification of each process and add-on APCD to be 
monitored, the type of monitoring device that will be used, and the 
operating parameters that will be monitored.
    (2) Specifications for the sensor, signal analyzer, and data 
collection system.
    (3) A monitoring schedule that specifies the frequency that the 
parameter values will be determined and recorded.
    (4) The operating limits for each parameter that represent 
continuous compliance with the emission limitations in Sec. 63.9788, 
based on values of the monitored parameters recorded during performance 
tests.
    (5) Procedures for installing the CPMS at a measurement location 
relative to each process unit or APCD such that measurement is 
representative of control of emissions.
    (6) Procedures for the proper operation and routine and long-term 
maintenance of each process unit and APCD, including a maintenance and 
inspection schedule that is consistent with the manufacturer's 
recommendations.
    (7) Procedures for the proper operation and maintenance of 
monitoring equipment consistent with the requirements in 
Secs. 63.8(c)(1), (3), (4)(ii), (7), and (8), and 63.9804.
    (8) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures in accordance with 
the general requirements of Sec. 63.8(d).
    (9) Procedures for evaluating the performance of each CPMS.
    (10) Procedures for responding to operating parameter deviations, 
including the procedures in paragraphs (10)(i) through (iii) of this 
section:
    (i) Procedures for determining the cause of the operating parameter 
deviation.
    (ii) Actions for correcting the deviation and returning the 
operating parameters to the allowable limits.
    (iii) Procedures for recording the times that the deviation began 
and ended, and corrective actions were initiated and completed.
    (11) Procedures for keeping records to document compliance and 
reporting in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 63.10(c), (e)(1), 
and (e)(2)(i).
    (c) Changes to the operating limits in your OM&M plan require a new 
performance test. If you are revising an operating limit parameter 
value, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of 
this section.
    (1) Submit a notification of performance test to the Administrator 
as specified in Sec. 63.7(b).
    (2) After completing the performance tests to demonstrate that 
compliance with the emission limits can be achieved at the revised 
operating limit parameter value, you must submit the performance test 
results and the revised operating limits as part of the Notification of 
Compliance Status required under Sec. 63.9(h).
    (d) If you are revising the inspection and maintenance procedures 
in your OM&M plan, you do not need to conduct a new performance test.

Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements


Sec. 63.9796  By what date must I conduct performance tests?

    You must conduct performance tests within 180 calendar days after 
the compliance date that is specified for your source in Sec. 63.9786 
and according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(a)(2).


Sec. 63.9798  When must I conduct subsequent performance tests?

    (a) You must conduct a performance test every 5 years following the 
initial performance test, as part of renewing your 40 CFR part 70 or 
part 71 operating permit.
    (b) You must conduct a performance test when you want to change the 
parameter value for any operating limit specified in your OM&M plan.
    (c) If you own or operate a source that is subject to the emission 
limits specified in items 2 through 7 of Table 1 to this subpart, you 
must conduct a performance test before starting production of any 
refractory product for which the organic HAP processing rate is likely 
to exceed the maximum organic HAP processing rate established during 
the most recent performance test.
    (d) If you own or operate a kiln that is subject to the emission 
limits specified in item 4 or 7 of Table 1 to this subpart, you must 
conduct a performance test on the affected kiln following any process 
changes that are likely to increase organic HAP emissions from the 
kiln.


Sec. 63.9800  How do I conduct performance tests and establish 
operating limits?

    (a) You must conduct each performance test in Table 4 to this 
subpart that applies to you.
    (b) Before conducting the performance test, you must install and 
validate all monitoring equipment.
    (c) Each performance test must be conducted according to the 
requirements in Sec. 63.7 and under the specific conditions in Table 4 
to this subpart.
    (d) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of 
startup, shutdown, or malfunction, as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(1).
    (e) You must conduct separate test runs for at least the duration 
specified for each performance test required in this section, as 
specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(3) and Table 4 to this subpart. For batch 
process sources, each test run must last an entire batch cycle unless 
you satisfy the conditions for developing an emissions profile as 
specified in item 8(a)(i)(3) or 15(b)(i)(3) of Table 4 to this subpart 
or the conditions for terminating a test run prior to the

[[Page 42136]]

completion of a batch cycle as specified in item 8(a)(i)(4) of Table 4 
to this subpart.
    (f) You must use the data gathered during the performance test and 
the equations in paragraphs (f)(1) through (4) of this section to 
determine compliance with the emission limitations.
    (1) To determine compliance with the total hydrocarbon (THC) 
emission concentration limit listed in Table 1 to this subpart, you 
must calculate your emission concentration corrected to 18 percent 
oxygen for each test run using Equation 1 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20JN02.000

Where:

C THCC = THC concentration, corrected to 18 percent oxygen, 
parts per million by volume, dry basis (ppmvd)
CTHC = THC concentration (uncorrected), ppmvd
CO2 = Oxygen concentration, percent.

    (2) To determine compliance with the combustion efficiency limit 
listed in Table 1 to this subpart, you must calculate your combustion 
efficiency for each test run using Equation 2 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20JN02.001

Where:

CE = Combustion efficiency, percent
CCO2 = Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, ppm
CCO = Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, ppm
CTHC = THC concentration (uncorrected), ppm.

    (3) To determine compliance with production-based hydrogen fluoride 
(HF) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) emission limits in Table 1 to this 
subpart, you must calculate your mass emissions per unit of uncalcined 
clay processed for each test run using Equation 3 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20JN02.002

Where:

MP = mass per unit of production, kilograms of pollutant per megagram 
(pounds per ton) of uncalcined clay processed
ER = mass emission rate of specific HAP (HF or HCl) during each 
performance test run, kilograms (pounds) per hour
P = average uncalcined clay processing rate for the performance test, 
megagrams (tons) of uncalcined clay processed per hour.

    (4) To determine compliance with any of the emission limits based 
on percent reduction across an emissions control system in Table 1 to 
this subpart, you must calculate the percent reduction for each test 
run using Equation 4 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20JN02.003

Where:

PR = percent reduction, percent
ERi = mass emission rate of specific HAP (HF or HCl) 
entering the control device, kilograms (pounds) per hour
ERo = mass emission rate of specific HAP (HF or HCl) exiting 
the control device, kilograms (pounds) per hour.

    (g) You must establish each site-specific operating limit in Table 
2 to this subpart that applies to you, as specified in Table 4 to this 
subpart.
    (h) For each affected source that is equipped with an add-on APCD 
that is not addressed in Table 2 to this subpart or that is using 
process changes as a means of meeting the emission limits in Table 1 to 
this subpart, you must meet the requirements in Sec. 63.8(f) and 
paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) For sources subject to the THC concentration limit specified in 
item 3 or 6 of Table 1 to this subpart, you must satisfy the 
requirements specified in paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) of this 
section.
    (i) You must install a THC continuous emission monitoring system 
(CEMS) at the outlet of the control device or in the stack of the 
affected source.
    (ii) You must meet the requirements specified in Performance 
Specification (PS) 8 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B.
    (iii) You must meet the requirements specified in Procedure 1 of 40 
CFR part 60, appendix F.
    (2) For sources subject to the emission limits specified in item 3, 
6, 8, or 9 of Table 1 to this subpart, you must submit a request for 
approval of alternative monitoring methods to the Administrator no 
later than the notification of intent to conduct a performance test. 
The request must contain the information specified in paragraphs 
(h)(2)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) A description of the alternative add-on APCD or process 
changes.
    (ii) The type of monitoring device or method that will be used, 
including the sensor type, location, inspection procedures, quality 
assurance and quality control measures, and data recording device.
    (iii) The operating parameters that will be monitored.
    (iv) The frequency that the operating parameter values will be 
determined and recorded to establish continuous compliance with the 
operating limits.
    (v) Averaging time.
    (3) You must establish site-specific operating limits during the 
performance test based on the information included in the approved 
alternative monitoring methods request, and, as applicable, as 
specified in Table 4 to this subpart.


Sec. 63.9802  How do I develop an emissions profile?

    If you decide to develop an emissions profile for an affected batch 
process source, as indicated in item 8(a)(i)(3) or 15(b)(1)(3) of Table 
4 to this subpart, you must measure and record emissions of the 
applicable pollutant throughout a complete batch cycle of the affected 
batch process source using the procedures described in paragraphs (a) 
and (b) of this section.
    (a) If your affected batch process source is subject to the THC 
concentration limit specified in item 5(a), 6, or 7 of Table 1 to this 
subpart, or to the combustion efficiency limit specified in item 5(b) 
of Table 1 to this subpart, you must measure and record the 
concentrations of THC and oxygen using the test methods, averaging 
periods, and procedures specified in items 9(a) through (e) of Table 4 
to this subpart to determine the hourly average THC concentration, 
corrected to 18 percent oxygen, for each complete hour of the batch 
process cycle.
    (b) If your affected batch process source is subject to the HF and 
HCl percent reduction emission limits in item 10 of Table 1 to this 
subpart, you must measure and record the HF and HCl emission rates 
through a series of 1-hour runs using the test method and

[[Page 42137]]

procedures specified in item 15 of Table 4 to this subpart for each 
complete hour of the batch process cycle.


Sec. 63.9804  What are my monitoring system installation, operation, 
and maintenance requirements?

    (a) You must install, operate, and maintain CPMS according to your 
OM&M plan and the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (15) of 
this section.
    (1) You must satisfy all applicable requirements of performance 
specifications for CPMS specified in 40 CFR part 60, appendix B, upon 
promulgation of such performance specifications.
    (2) You must satisfy all applicable requirements of quality 
assurance (QA) procedures for CPMS specified in 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix F, upon promulgation of such QA procedures.
    (3) You must install each sensor of your CPMS in a location that 
provides representative measurement of the appropriate parameter over 
all operating conditions, taking into account the manufacturer's 
guidelines.
    (4) You must use a CPMS that is capable of measuring the 
appropriate parameter over a range that extends from a value that is at 
least 20 percent less than the lowest value that you expect your CPMS 
to measure, to a value that is at least 20 percent greater than the 
highest value that you expect your CPMS to measure.
    (5) You must use a data acquisition and recording system that is 
capable of recording values over the entire range specified in 
paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
    (6) You must use a signal conditioner, wiring, power supply, and 
data acquisition and recording system that are compatible with the 
output signal of the sensors used in your CPMS.
    (7) You must perform an initial calibration of your CPMS based on 
the procedures specified in the manufacturer's owner's manual.
    (8) You must use a CPMS that is designed to complete a minimum of 
one cycle of operation for each successive 15-minute period. To have a 
valid hour of data, you must have at least three of four equally spaced 
data values (or at least 75 percent if you collect more than four data 
values per hour) for that hour (not including startup, shutdown, 
malfunction, or out of control periods).
    (9) You must record valid data from at least 90 percent of the 
hours during which the process operated.
    (10) You must determine and record the 15-minute block averages of 
all measurements, calculated after every 15 minutes of operation as the 
average of the previous 15 operating minutes (not including periods of 
startup, shutdown, or malfunction).
    (11) You must determine and record the 3-hour block averages of all 
15-minute recorded measurements, calculated after every 3 hours of 
operation as the average of the previous 3 operating hours (not 
including periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction).
    (12) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration, 
initial validation, and accuracy audit.
    (13) At all times, you must maintain the monitoring system 
including, but not limited to, maintaining necessary parts for routine 
repairs of the monitoring system.
    (14) You must perform an initial validation of your CPMS under the 
conditions specified in paragraphs (a)(14)(i) of this section.
    (i) Prior to the initial performance test on the affected source 
for which the CPMS is required.
    (ii) Within 180 days of your replacing or relocating one or more of 
the sensors of your CPMS.
    (15) Except for redundant sensors, any device that you use to 
conduct an initial validation or accuracy audit of your CPMS must meet 
the accuracy requirements specified in paragraphs (15)(i) and (ii) of 
this section.
    (i) The device must have an accuracy that is traceable to National 
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards.
    (ii) The device must be at least three times as accurate as the 
required accuracy for the CPMS.
    (b) For each temperature CPMS that is used to monitor the 
combustion chamber temperature of a thermal oxidizer, the catalyst bed 
inlet temperature of a catalytic oxidizer, or the inlet temperature of 
a fabric filter, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and 
(b)(1) through (6) of this section.
    (1) Use a temperature CPMS with a minimum accuracy of 
1.0 percent of the temperature measured in degrees Celsius 
or 2.8 degrees Celsius ( deg.C)(5 degrees Fahrenheit ( deg.F)), 
whichever is greater.
    (2) Use a data recording system with a resolution of 
0.5 percent of the temperature measured in  deg.C or 
1.4 deg.C (2.5 deg.F), or better.
    (3) Perform an initial validation of your CPMS according to the 
requirements in paragraph (b)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section.
    (i) Place the sensor of a calibrated temperature measurement device 
adjacent to the sensor of your temperature CPMS in a location that is 
subject to the same environment as the sensor of your temperature CPMS. 
The calibrated temperature measurement device must satisfy the accuracy 
requirements of paragraph (a)(15) of this section. With the process and 
control device that is monitored by your CPMS operating normally, 
record concurrently and compare the temperatures measured by your 
temperature CPMS and the calibrated temperature measurement device. 
Using the calibrated temperature measurement device as the reference, 
the temperature measured by your temperature CPMS must be within the 
accuracy specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (ii) Perform any of the initial validation methods for temperature 
CPMS specified in performance specifications for CPMS established in 40 
CFR part 60, appendix B.
    (4) Perform an accuracy audit of your temperature CPMS at least 
quarterly, according to the requirements in paragraph (b)(4)(i), (ii), 
or (iii) of this section.
    (i) If your temperature CPMS includes a redundant temperature 
sensor, record three pairs of concurrent temperature measurements 
within a 24-hour period. Each pair of concurrent measurements must 
consist of a temperature measurement by each of the two temperature 
sensors. The minimum time interval between any two such pairs of 
consecutive temperature measurements is 1 hour. The measurements must 
be taken during periods when the process and control device that is 
monitored by your temperature CPMS are operating normally. Calculate 
the mean of the three values for each temperature sensor. The mean 
values must agree within the required overall accuracy of the CPMS, as 
specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (ii) If your temperature CPMS does not include a redundant 
temperature sensor, place the sensor of a calibrated temperature 
measurement device adjacent to the sensor of your temperature CPMS in a 
location that is subject to the same environment as the sensor of your 
temperature CPMS. The calibrated temperature measurement device must 
satisfy the accuracy requirements of paragraph (a)(15) of this section. 
With the process and control device that is monitored by your 
temperature CPMS operating normally, record concurrently and compare 
the temperatures measured by your temperature CPMS and the calibrated 
temperature measurement device. Using the calibrated temperature 
measurement device as the reference, the temperature measured by your 
temperature CPMS

[[Page 42138]]

must be within the accuracy specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section.
    (iii) Perform any of the accuracy audit methods for temperature 
CPMS specified in QA procedures for CPMS established in 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix F.
    (5) Conduct an accuracy audit of your CPMS following any 24-hour 
period throughout which the temperature measured by your CPMS exceeds 
the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature range, or 
install a new temperature sensor.
    (6) If your CPMS is not equipped with a redundant temperature 
sensor, at least quarterly, perform a visual inspection of all 
components for integrity, oxidation, and galvanic corrosion.
    (c) For each pressure CPMS that is used to monitor the pressure 
drop across a wet scrubber, you must meet the requirements in 
paragraphs (a) and (c)(1) through (7) of this section.
    (1) Use a pressure CPMS with a minimum accuracy of 5.0 
percent or 0.12 kilopascals (kPa) (0.5 inches of water column (in. 
w.c.)), whichever is greater.
    (2) Use a data recording system with a resolution of 
2.5 percent or 0.06 kPa (0.25 in. w.c.), or better.
    (3) Perform an initial validation of your pressure CPMS according 
to the requirements in paragraph (c)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section.
    (i) Place the sensor of a calibrated pressure measurement device 
adjacent to the sensor of your pressure CPMS in a location that is 
subject to the same environment as the sensor of your pressure CPMS. 
The calibrated pressure measurement device must satisfy the accuracy 
requirements of paragraph (a)(15) of this section. With the process and 
control device that is monitored by your CPMS operating normally, 
record concurrently and compare the pressure measured by your pressure 
CPMS and the calibrated pressure measurement device. Using the 
calibrated pressure measurement device as the reference, the pressure 
measured by your pressure CPMS must be within the accuracy specified in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (ii) Perform any of the initial validation methods for pressure 
CPMS specified in performance specifications for CPMS established in 40 
CFR part 60, appendix B.
    (4) Perform an accuracy audit of your pressure CPMS at least 
quarterly, according to the requirements in paragraph (c)(4)(i), (ii), 
or (iii) of this section.
    (i) If your pressure CPMS includes a redundant pressure sensor, 
record three pairs of concurrent pressure measurements within a 24-hour 
period. Each pair of concurrent measurements must consist of a pressure 
measurement by each of the two pressure sensors. The minimum time 
interval between any two such pairs of consecutive pressure 
measurements is 1 hour. The measurements must be taken during periods 
when the process and control device that is monitored by your CPMS are 
operating normally. Calculate the mean of the three pressure 
measurement values for each pressure sensor. The mean values must agree 
within the required overall accuracy of the CPMS, as specified in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (ii) If your pressure CPMS does not include a redundant pressure 
sensor, place the sensor of a calibrated pressure measurement device 
adjacent to the sensor of your pressure CPMS in a location that is 
subject to the same environment as the sensor of your pressure CPMS. 
The calibrated pressure measurement device must satisfy the accuracy 
requirements of paragraph (a)(15) of this section. With the process and 
control device that is monitored by your pressure CPMS operating 
normally, record concurrently and compare the pressure measured by your 
pressure CPMS and the calibrated pressure measurement device. Using the 
calibrated pressure measurement device as the reference, the pressure 
measured by your pressure CPMS must be within the accuracy specified in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (iii) Perform any of the accuracy audit methods for pressure CPMS 
specified in QA procedures for CPMS established in 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix F.
    (5) Conduct an accuracy audit of your CPMS following any 24-hour 
period throughout which the pressure measured by your CPMS exceeds the 
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range, or install a 
new pressure sensor.
    (6) At least monthly, check all mechanical connections on your CPMS 
for leakage.
    (7) If your CPMS is not equipped with a redundant pressure sensor, 
at least quarterly, perform a visual inspection of all components for 
integrity, oxidation, and galvanic corrosion.
    (d) For each liquid flow rate CPMS that is used to monitor the 
liquid flow rate in a wet scrubber or the water injection rate for a 
dry lime scrubber/fabric filter (DLS/FF), you must meet the 
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (d)(1) through (7) of this section.
    (1) Use a flow rate CPMS with a minimum accuracy of 5.0 
percent or 1.9 liters per minute (L/min) (0.5 gallons per minute(gal/
min)), whichever is greater.
    (2) Use a data recording system with a resolution of 
2.5 percent or 0.95 L/min (0.25 gal/min), or better.
    (3) Perform an initial validation of your CPMS according to the 
requirements in paragraph (d)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section.
    (i) Use a calibrated flow rate measurement system to measure the 
liquid flow rate in a location that is adjacent to the measurement 
location for your flow rate CPMS and is subject to the same environment 
as your flow rate CPMS. The calibrated flow rate measurement device 
must satisfy the accuracy requirements of paragraph (a)(15) of this 
section. With the process and control device that is monitored by your 
flow rate CPMS operating normally, record concurrently and compare the 
flow rates measured by your flow rate CPMS and the calibrated flow rate 
measurement device. Using the calibrated flow rate measurement device 
as the reference, the flow rate measured by your flow rate CPMS must be 
within the accuracy specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (ii) Perform any of the initial validation methods for liquid flow 
rate CPMS specified in performance specifications for CPMS established 
in 40 CFR part 60, appendix B.
    (4) Perform an accuracy audit of your flow rate CPMS at least 
quarterly, according to the requirements in paragraph (d)(4)(i), (ii), 
or (iii) of this section.
    (i) If your flow rate CPMS includes a redundant sensor, record 
three pairs of concurrent flow rate measurements within a 24-hour 
period. Each pair of concurrent measurements must consist of a flow 
rate measurement by each of the two flow rate sensors. The minimum time 
interval between any two such pairs of consecutive flow rate 
measurements is 1 hour. The measurements must be taken during periods 
when the process and control device that is monitored by your flow rate 
CPMS are operating normally. Calculate the mean of the three flow rate 
measurement values for each flow rate sensor. The mean values must 
agree within the required overall accuracy of the CPMS, as specified in 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (ii) If your flow rate CPMS does not include a redundant flow rate 
sensor, place the sensor of a calibrated flow rate measurement device 
adjacent to the sensor of your flow rate CPMS in a location that is 
subject to the same environment as the sensor of your flow rate CPMS. 
The calibrated flow rate measurement device must satisfy the

[[Page 42139]]

accuracy requirements of paragraph (a)(15) of this section. With the 
process and control device that is monitored by your flow rate CPMS 
operating normally, record concurrently and compare the flow rate 
measured by your pressure CPMS and the calibrated flow rate measurement 
device. Using the calibrated flow rate measurement device as the 
reference, the flow rate measured by your flow rate CPMS must be within 
the accuracy specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (iii) Perform any of the accuracy audit methods for liquid flow 
rate CPMS specified in QA procedures for CPMS established in 40 CFR 
part 60, appendix F.
    (5) Conduct an accuracy audit of your flow rate CPMS following any 
24-hour period throughout which the flow rate measured by your CPMS 
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating range, or 
install a new flow rate sensor.
    (6) At least monthly, check all mechanical connections on your CPMS 
for leakage.
    (7) If your CPMS is not equipped with a redundant flow rate sensor, 
at least quarterly, perform a visual inspection of all components for 
integrity, oxidation, and galvanic corrosion.
    (e) For each pH CPMS that is used to monitor the pH of a wet 
scrubber liquid, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and 
(e)(1) through (5) of this section.
    (1) Use a pH CPMS with a minium accuracy of 0.2 pH 
units.
    (2) Use a data recording system with a resolution of 0.1 pH units, 
or better.
    (3) Perform an initial validation of your pH CPMS according to the 
requirements in paragraph (e)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section.
    (i) Perform a single-point calibration using an NIST-certified 
buffer solution that is accurate to within 0.02 pH units at 
25 deg.C (77 deg.F). If the expected pH of the fluid that is monitored 
lies in the acidic range (less than 7 pH), use a buffer solution with a 
pH value of 4.00. If the expected pH of the fluid that is monitored is 
neutral or lies in the basic range (greater than 7 pH), use a buffer 
solution with a pH value of 10.00. Place the electrode of your pH CPMS 
in the container of buffer solution. Record the pH measured by your 
CPMS. Using the certified buffer solution as the reference, the pH 
measured by your pH CPMS must be within the accuracy specified in 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
    (ii) Perform any of the initial validation methods for pH CPMS 
specified in performance specifications for CPMS established in 40 CFR 
part 60, appendix B.
    (4) Perform an accuracy audit of your pH CPMS at least weekly, 
according to the requirements in paragraph (e)(4)(i), (ii), or (iii) of 
this section.
    (i) If your pH CPMS includes a redundant pH sensor, record the pH 
measured by each of the two pH sensors. The measurements must be taken 
during periods when the process and control device that is monitored by 
your pH CPMS are operating normally. The two pH values must agree 
within the required overall accuracy of the CPMS, as specified in 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
    (ii) If your pH CPMS does not include a redundant pH sensor, 
perform a single point calibration using an NIST-certified buffer 
solution that is accurate to within 0.02 pH units at 
25 deg.C (77 deg.F). If the expected pH of the fluid that is monitored 
lies in the acidic range (less than 7 pH), use a buffer solution with a 
pH value of 4.00. If the expected pH of the fluid that is monitored is 
neutral or lies in the basic range (greater than 7 pH), use a buffer 
solution with a pH value of 10.00. Place the electrode of the pH CPMS 
in the container of buffer solution. Record the pH measured by your 
CPMS. Using the certified buffer solution as the reference, the pH 
measured by your pH CPMS must be within the accuracy specified in 
paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
    (iii) Perform any of the accuracy audit methods for pH CPMS 
specified in QA procedures for CPMS established in 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix F.
    (5) If your CPMS is not equipped with a redundant pH sensor, at 
least monthly, perform a visual inspection of all components for 
integrity, oxidation, and galvanic corrosion.
    (f) For each bag leak detection system, you must meet the 
requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) through (11) of this section.
    (1) Each triboelectric bag leak detection system must be installed, 
calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the ``Fabric Filter 
Bag Leak Detection Guidance'' (EPA-454/R-98-015, September 1997). That 
document is available from the U.S. EPA; Office of Air Quality Planning 
and Standards; Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division; Emission 
Measurement Center (D205-02), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 and is 
also available on the Technology Transfer Network (TTN) at the 
following address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/cem.html. Other types of 
bag leak detection systems must be installed, operated, calibrated, and 
maintained in a manner consistent with the manufacturer's written 
specifications and recommendations.
    (2) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the 
manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter (PM) 
emissions at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter 
(0.0044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less.
    (3) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide an output of 
relative PM loadings.
    (4) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with a device to 
continuously record the output signal from the sensor.
    (5) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm 
system that will be engaged automatically when an increase in relative 
PM emissions over a preset level is detected. The alarm must be located 
where it is easily recognized by plant operating personnel.
    (6) For positive pressure fabric filter systems, a bag leak 
detector must be installed in each baghouse compartment or cell.
    (7) For negative pressure or induced air fabric filters, the bag 
leak detector must be installed downstream of the fabric filter.
    (8) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's 
instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
    (9) The baseline output must be established by adjusting the range 
and the averaging period of the device and establishing the alarm set 
points and the alarm delay time according to section 5.0 of the 
``Fabric Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance.''
    (10) Following initial adjustment of the system, the owner or 
operator must not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, 
alarm set points, or alarm delay time except as detailed in the OM&M 
plan. In no case may the sensitivity be increased by more than 100 
percent or decreased more than 50 percent over a 365-day period unless 
such adjustment follows a complete fabric filter inspection which 
demonstrates that the fabric filter is in good operating condition. 
Record each adjustment.
    (11) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and 
validation check.
    (g) For each lime feed rate measurement device that is used to 
monitor the lime feed rate of a dry injection fabric filter (DIFF) or 
DLS/FF or the chemical feed rate of a wet scrubber, you must meet the 
requirements in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (h) For each affected source that is subject to the emission limit 
specified in item 3 or 6 of Table 1 to this subpart,

[[Page 42140]]

you must satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of 
this section.
    (1) Install a THC CEMS at the outlet of the control device or in 
the stack of the affected source.
    (2) Meet the requirements of PS-8 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B.
    (3) Meet the requirements of Procedure 1 of 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix F.
    (i) Requests for approval of alternate monitoring methods must meet 
the requirements in Secs. 63.9800(h)(2) and 63.8(f).


Sec. 63.9806  How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission 
limits, operating limits, and work practice standards?

    (a) You must demonstrate initial compliance with each emission 
limit that applies to you according to Table 5 to this subpart.
    (b) You must establish each site-specific operating limit in Table 
2 to this subpart that applies to you according to the requirements in 
Sec. 63.9800 and Table 4 to this subpart.
    (c) You must demonstrate initial compliance with each work practice 
standard that applies to you according to Table 6 to this subpart.
    (d) You must submit the Notification of Compliance Status 
containing the results of the initial compliance demonstration 
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.9812(e).

Continuous Compliance Requirements


Sec. 63.9808  How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate 
continuous compliance?

    (a) You must monitor and collect data according to this section.
    (b) At all times, you must maintain your monitoring systems 
including, but not limited to, maintaining necessary parts for routine 
repairs of the monitoring equipment.
    (c) Except for, as applicable, monitoring malfunctions, associated 
repairs, and required quality assurance or quality control activities, 
you must conduct monitoring in continuous operation at all times your 
affected process unit is operating. For purposes of calculating data 
averages, you must not use data recorded during monitoring system 
malfunction, associated repairs, out of control periods, or required 
quality assurance or quality control activities. You must use all the 
data collected during all other periods in assessing compliance. A 
monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not reasonably 
preventable failure of the monitoring system to provide valid data. 
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or 
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the 
monitoring system is out of control and data are not available for 
required calculations constitutes a deviation from the monitoring 
requirements. Any averaging period for which you do not have valid 
monitoring data and such data are required constitutes a deviation, and 
you must notify the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 63.9814(e).


Sec. 63.9810  How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the 
emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards?

    (a) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each emission 
limit specified in Table 1 to this subpart that applies to you 
according to the requirements specified in Table 7 to this subpart.
    (b) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating 
limit in Table 2 to this subpart that applies to you according to the 
requirements specified in Table 8 to this subpart.
    (c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each work 
practice standard in Table 3 to this subpart that applies to you 
according to the requirements specified in Table 9 to this subpart.
    (d) For each affected source that is equipped with an add-on APCD 
that is not addressed in Table 2 to this subpart or that is using 
process changes as a means of meeting the emission limits in Table 1 to 
this subpart, you must demonstrate continuous compliance with each 
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart and each operating limit 
established as required in Sec. 63.9800(h)(3) according to the methods 
specified in your approved alternative monitoring methods request as 
described in Sec. 63.9800(h)(2).
    (e) You must report each instance in which you did not meet each 
emission limit and each operating limit in this subpart that applies to 
you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These 
instances are deviations from the emission limitations in this subpart. 
These deviations must be reported according to the requirements in 
Sec. 63.9814.
    (1) During periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, you must 
operate according to your SSMP.
    (2) Consistent with Secs. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that 
occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not 
violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that 
you were operating according to your SSMP and your OM&M plan. The 
Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a 
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations, according 
to the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).

Notifications, Reports, and Records


Sec. 63.9812  What notifications must I submit and when?

    (a) You must submit all of the notifications in Secs. 63.7(b) and 
(c), 63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply to you, by 
the dates specified.
    (b) As specified in Sec. 63.9(b)(2) and (3), if you start up your 
affected source before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE 
Federal Register], you must submit an Initial Notification not later 
than 120 calendar days after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN 
THE Federal Register].
    (c) As specified in Sec. 63.9(b)(3), if you start up your new or 
reconstructed affected source on or after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE 
FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], you must submit an Initial 
Notification not later than 120 calendar days after you become subject 
to this subpart.
    (d) If you are required to conduct a performance test, you must 
submit a notification of intent to conduct a performance test at least 
60 calendar days before the performance test is scheduled to begin, as 
required in Sec. 63.7(b)(1).
    (e) If you are required to conduct a performance test, you must 
submit a Notification of Compliance Status as specified in Sec. 63.9(h) 
and paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) For each compliance demonstration that includes a performance 
test conducted according to the requirements in Table 4 to this 
subpart, you must submit the Notification of Compliance Status, 
including the performance test results, before the close of business on 
the 60th calendar day following the completion of the performance test, 
according to Sec. 63.10(d)(2).
    (2) In addition to the requirements in Sec. 63.9(h)(2)(i), you must 
include the information in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (iv) of this 
section in your Notification of Compliance Status.
    (i) The operating limit parameter values established for each 
affected source with supporting documentation and a description of the 
procedure used to establish the values.
    (ii) Design information and analysis with supporting documentation 
demonstrating conformance with requirements for capture/collection 
systems in Table 2 to this subpart.

[[Page 42141]]

    (iii) A description of the methods used to comply with any 
applicable work practice standard.
    (iv) For each APCD that includes a fabric filter, analysis and 
supporting documentation demonstrating conformance with EPA guidance 
and specifications for bag leak detection systems in Sec. 63.9804(f).


Sec. 63.9814  What reports must I submit and when?

    (a) You must submit each report in Table 10 to this subpart that 
applies to you.
    (b) Unless the Administrator has approved a different schedule for 
submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must submit each report 
by the date in Table 10 to this subpart and as specified in paragraphs 
(b)(1) through (5) of this section.
    (1) The first compliance report must cover the period beginning on 
the compliance date that is specified for your affected source in 
Sec. 63.9786 and ending on June 30 or December 31 and lasting at least 
6 months but less than 12 months. For example, if your compliance date 
is March 1, then the first semiannual reporting period would begin on 
March 1 and end on December 31.
    (2) The first compliance report must be postmarked or delivered no 
later than July 31 or January 31 for compliance periods ending on June 
30 and December 31, respectively.
    (3) Each subsequent compliance report must cover the semiannual 
reporting period from January 1 through June 30 or the semiannual 
reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
    (4) Each subsequent compliance report must be postmarked or 
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31 for compliance periods 
ending on June 30 and December 31, respectively.
    (5) For each affected source that is subject to permitting 
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the 
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual 
reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance 
reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established 
instead of according to the dates in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of 
this section. In such cases, you must notify the Administrator of this 
change.
    (c) The compliance report must contain the information in 
paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section.
    (1) Company name and address.
    (2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name, 
title, and signature, certifying that, based on information and belief 
formed after reasonable inquiry, the statements and information in the 
report are true, accurate, and complete.
    (3) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting 
period.
    (4) If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the 
reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your SSMP and 
OM&M plan, the information specified in Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(i).
    (5) If there are no deviations from any emission limitations 
(emission limit, operating limit, or work practice standard) that apply 
to you, a statement that there were no deviations from the emission 
limitations during the reporting period.
    (6) If there were no periods during which the CPMS was out of 
control as specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7), a statement that there were no 
periods during which the CPMS was out of control during the reporting 
period.
    (d) For each deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, 
operating limit, or work practice standard) that occurs at an affected 
source where you are not using a CPMS to comply with the emission 
limitations in this subpart, the compliance report must contain the 
information in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) and (d)(1) and (2) of this 
section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (1) The total operating time of each affected source during the 
reporting period.
    (2) Information on the number, duration, and cause of deviations 
(including unknown cause, if applicable), as applicable, and the 
corrective action taken.
    (e) For each deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, 
operating limit, or work practice standard) occurring at an affected 
source where you are using a CPMS to comply with the emission 
limitation in this subpart, you must include the information in 
paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) and (e)(1) through (13) of this section. 
This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (1) The total operating time of each affected source during the 
reporting period.
    (2) The date and time that each startup, shutdown, or malfunction 
started and stopped.
    (3) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was inoperative.
    (4) The date, time and duration that each CPMS was out of control, 
including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8), as required by your OM&M 
plan.
    (5) The date and time that each deviation from an emission 
limitation (emission limit, operating limit, or work practice standard) 
started and stopped, and whether each deviation occurred during a 
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
    (6) A description of corrective action taken in response to a 
deviation.
    (7) A summary of the total duration of the deviation during the 
reporting period and the total duration as a percent of the total 
source operating time during that reporting period.
    (8) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations during the 
reporting period into those that are due to startup, shutdown, control 
equipment problems, process problems, other known causes, and other 
unknown causes.
    (9) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the 
reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as a percent 
of the total source operating time during that reporting period.
    (10) A brief description of the process units.
    (11) A brief description of the CPMS.
    (12) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
    (13) A description of any changes in CPMS, processes, or controls 
since the last reporting period.
    (f) If you have obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 
CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, you must report all deviations as 
defined in this subpart in the semiannual monitoring report required by 
40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If you submit a 
compliance report according to Table 10 to this subpart along with, or 
as part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the compliance 
report includes all required information concerning deviations from any 
emission limitation (including any operating limit), then submitting 
the compliance report will satisfy any obligation to report the same 
deviations in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submitting a 
compliance report will not otherwise affect any obligation you may have 
to report deviations from permit requirements to the permit authority.


Sec. 63.9816  What records must I keep?

    (a) You must keep the records listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through 
(3) of this section.
    (1) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to 
comply with this subpart, including all

[[Page 42142]]

documentation supporting any Initial Notification or Notification of 
Compliance Status that you submitted, according to the requirements in 
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv).
    (2) The records in Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (3) Records of performance tests as required in 
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(viii).
    (b) You must keep the records required in Tables 7 through 9 to 
this subpart to show continuous compliance with each emission 
limitation that applies to you.
    (c) You must also maintain the records listed in paragraphs (c)(1) 
through (8) of this section.
    (1) Records of emission data used to develop an emissions profile, 
as indicated in items 8(a)(i)(3) and 15(b)(i)(3) of Table 4 to this 
subpart.
    (2) Records that document how you comply with any applicable work 
practice standard.
    (3) For each bag leak detection system, records of each alarm, the 
time of the alarm, the time corrective action was initiated and 
completed, and a brief description of the cause of the alarm and the 
corrective action taken.
    (4) For each deviation of an operating limit parameter value, the 
date, time, and duration of the deviation, a brief explanation of the 
cause of the deviation and the corrective action taken, and whether the 
deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or 
malfunction.
    (5) For each affected source, records of production rate on a 
process throughput basis (either feed rate to the process unit or 
discharge rate from the process unit).
    (6) Records for any approved alternative monitoring or test 
procedures.
    (7) Records of maintenance and inspections performed on the control 
devices.
    (8) Current copies of the SSMP and the OM&M plan, including any 
revisions with records documenting conformance.


Sec. 63.9818  In what form and how long must I keep my records?

    (a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available 
for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1).
    (b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record for 
5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, 
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
    (c) You must keep each record onsite for at least 2 years after the 
date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, 
report, or record, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep the 
records offsite for the remaining 3 years.

Other Requirements and Information


Sec. 63.9820  What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?

    Table 11 to this subpart shows which parts of the General 
Provisions in Secs. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.


Sec. 63.9822  Who implements and enforces this subpart?

    (a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or a delegated authority such as 
your State, local, or tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has 
delegated authority to your State, local, or tribal agency, then that 
agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to implement and 
enforce this subpart. You should contact your U.S. EPA Regional Office 
to find out if implementation and enforcement to this subpart is 
delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
    (b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to this 
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under 40 CFR part 63, 
subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section 
are retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not 
transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.
    (c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or 
tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of 
this section.
    (1) Approval of alternatives to the applicability requirements in 
Secs. 63.9782 and 63.9784, the compliance date requirements in 
Sec. 63.9786, and the emission limitations in Sec. 63.9788.
    (2) Approval of major changes to test methods under 
Sec. 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
    (3) Approval of major changes to monitoring under Sec. 63.8(f) and 
as defined in Sec. 63.90.
    (4) Approval of major changes to recordkeeping and reporting under 
Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.


Sec. 63.9824  What material is incorporated by reference?

    (a) The following material is incorporated by reference in this 
section: chapters 3 and 5 of ``Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of 
Recommended Practice,'' American Conference of Governmental Industrial 
Hygienists, (23rd edition, 1998). The incorporation by reference of 
this material will be approved by the Director of the Office of the 
Federal Register as of the date of publication of the final rule 
according to 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. This material is 
incorporated as it exists on the date of approval.
    (b) The materials referenced in this section are incorporated by 
reference and are available for inspection at the Office of the Federal 
Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, 7th Floor, 
Washington, DC. The material is also available for purchase from the 
following address: Customer Service Department, American Conference of 
Governmental Hygienists (ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, 
OH 45240, telephone number (513) 742-2020.


Sec. 63.9826  What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in 40 
CFR 63.2, the General Provisions of this part, and in this section as 
follows:
    Additive means a minor addition of a chemical, mineral, or metallic 
substance that is added to a refractory mixture to facilitate 
processing or impart specific properties to the final refractory 
product.
    Add-on air pollution control device (APCD) means equipment 
installed on a process vent that reduces the quantity of a pollutant 
that is emitted to the air.
    Autoclave means a vessel that is used to impregnate fired and/or 
unfired refractory shapes with pitch to form pitch-impregnated 
refractory products. Autoclaves can also be used as defumers following 
the impregnation process.
    Bag leak detection system means an instrument that is capable of 
monitoring particulate matter loadings in the exhaust of a fabric 
filter in order to detect bag failures. A bag leak detection system 
includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on 
triboelectric, light-scattering, light-transmittance, or other effects 
to monitor relative PM loadings.
    Basket means the metal container used to hold refractory shapes for 
pitch impregnation during the shape preheating, impregnation, defuming 
and, if applicable, coking processes.
    Batch process means a process in which a set of refractory shapes 
is acted upon as a single unit according to a predetermined schedule, 
during which none of the refractory shapes being processed are added or 
removed. A batch process does not operate continuously.
    Binder means a substance added to a granular material to give it 
workability and green or dry strength.
    Catalytic oxidizer means an add-on air pollution control device 
that is designed specifically to destroy organic

[[Page 42143]]

compounds in a process exhaust gas stream by catalytic incineration. A 
catalytic oxidizer includes a bed of catalyst media through which the 
process exhaust stream passes to promote combustion and incineration at 
a lower temperature than would be possible without the catalyst.
    Chromium refractory product means a refractory product that 
contains at least 1 percent chromium by weight.
    Clay refractory product means a refractory product that contains at 
least 10 percent uncalcined clay by weight prior to firing in a kiln. 
In this definition, the term ``clay'' means any of the following six 
classifications of clay defined by the U.S. Geologic Survey: ball clay, 
bentonite, common clay and shale, fire clay, fuller's earth, and 
kaolin.
    Coking oven means a thermal process unit that operates at a peak 
temperature typically between 540 deg. and 870 deg.C (1000 deg. and 
1600 deg.F) and is used to drive off the volatile constituents of 
pitch-impregnated refractory shapes under a reducing atmosphere.
    Combustion efficiency means the ratio of the carbon dioxide 
concentration to the sum of the concentrations of carbon dioxide, 
carbon monoxide, and total hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream of a 
combustion process or combustion-based control device.
    Continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) means the total 
equipment that is used to measure and record temperature, pressure, 
liquid flow rate, gas flow rate, or pH on a continuous basis in one or 
more locations. ``Total equipment'' includes the sensor, mechanical 
components, electronic components, data acquisition system, data 
recording system, electrical wiring, and other components of a CPMS.
    Continuous process means a process that operates continuously. In a 
continuous process unit, the materials or shapes that are processed are 
either continuously charged (fed) to and discharged from the process 
unit, or are charged and discharged at regular time intervals without 
the process unit being shut down. Continuous thermal process units, 
such as tunnel kilns, generally include temperature zones that are 
maintained at relatively constant temperature and through which the 
materials or shapes being processed are conveyed continuously or at 
regular time intervals.
    Curing oven means a thermal process unit that operates at a peak 
temperature between 90 deg. and 340 deg.C (200 deg. and 650 deg.F) and 
is used to activate a thermosetting resin, pitch, or other binder in 
refractory shapes. Curing ovens also perform the same function as shape 
dryers in removing the free moisture from refractory shapes.
    Defumer means a process unit that is used for holding pitch-
impregnated refractory products as the products defume or cool 
immediately following the impregnation process. This definition 
includes autoclaves that are opened to the atmosphere following an 
impregnation cycle and used for holding pitch-impregnated refractory 
products while the products defume or cool.
    Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to 
this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
    (1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this 
subpart including, but not limited to, any emission limitation 
(including any operating limit) or work practice standard;
    (2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to 
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart for any affected 
source required to obtain such a permit; or
    (3) Fails to meet any emission limitation (including any operating 
limit) or work practice standard in this subpart during startup, 
shutdown, or malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is 
permitted by this subpart.
    Dry injection fabric filter (DIFF) means an add-on air pollution 
control device that includes continuous injection of hydrated lime or 
other sorbent into a duct or reaction chamber followed by a fabric 
filter.
    Dry lime scrubber/fabric filter (DLS/FF) means an add-on air 
pollution control device that includes continuous injection of 
humidified hydrated lime or other sorbent into a reaction chamber 
followed by a fabric filter. These systems may include recirculation of 
some of the sorbent.
    Emission limitation means any restriction on the emissions a 
process unit may discharge.
    Fabric filter means an add-on air pollution control device used to 
capture particulate matter by filtering a process exhaust stream 
through filter or filter media; a fabric filter is also known as a 
baghouse.
    Fired refractory shape means a refractory shape that has been fired 
in a kiln.
    HAP means any hazardous air pollutant that appears in section 
112(b) of the Clean Air Act.
    Kiln means a thermal process unit that operates at a peak 
temperature greater than 820 deg.C (1500 deg.F) and is used for firing 
or sintering refractory, ceramic, or other shapes.
    Kiln furniture means any refractory shape that is used to hold, 
support, or position ceramic or refractory products in a kiln during 
the firing process.
    Maximum organic HAP processing rate means the combination of 
process and refractory product formulation that has the greatest 
potential to emit organic HAP. The maximum organic HAP processing rate 
is a function of the organic HAP processing rate, process operating 
temperature, and other process operating parameters that affect 
emissions of organic HAP. (See also the definition of organic HAP 
processing rate.)
    Organic HAP processing rate means the rate at which the mass of 
organic HAP materials contained in refractory shapes are processed in 
an affected thermal process unit. The organic HAP processing rate is a 
function of the amount of organic HAP contained in the resins, binders, 
and additives used in a refractory mix; the amounts of those resins, 
binders, and additives in the refractory mix; and the rate at which the 
refractory shapes formed from the refractory mix is processed in an 
affected thermal process unit. For continuous process units, the 
organic HAP processing rate is expressed in units of mass of organic 
HAP per unit of time (e.g., pounds per hour). For batch process units, 
the organic HAP processing rate is expressed in units of mass of 
organic HAP per unit mass of refractory shapes processed in the batch 
(e.g., pounds per ton).
    Particulate matter (PM) means, for the purposes of this subpart, 
emissions of particulate matter that serve as a measure of total 
particulate emissions as measured by EPA Method 5 of 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix A.
    Peak emissions period means the period of consecutive hourly 
emissions of the applicable pollutant, measured in the units and format 
of the applicable emission limit, that is greater than any other period 
of consecutive hourly emissions for the same pollutant over the course 
of a specified batch process cycle.
    (1) The 4-hour THC peak emissions period is the period of 4 
consecutive hours over which the sum of the hourly average THC 
concentrations, corrected to 18 percent oxygen, is greater than the sum 
of the hourly average THC emission concentrations, corrected to 18 
percent oxygen, for any other period of 4 consecutive hours during the 
same batch process cycle.
    (2) The 3-hour HF peak emissions period is the period of 3 
consecutive hours over which the sum of the hourly HF emission rates is 
greater than the sum of the hourly HF emission rates for

[[Page 42144]]

any other period of 3 consecutive hours during the same batch process 
cycle.
    Pitch means the residue from the distillation of petroleum or coal 
tar.
    Pitch-impregnated refractory product means a refractory shape that 
has been fired in a kiln, then impregnated with heated coal tar or 
petroleum pitch under pressure. After impregnation, pitch-impregnated 
refractory shapes may undergo the coking process in a coking oven. The 
total carbon content of a pitch-impregnated refractory product is less 
than 50 percent.
    Pitch working tank means a tank that is used for heating pitch to 
the impregnation temperature, typically between 150 deg. and 260 deg.C 
(300 deg. and 500 deg.F); temporarily storing heated pitch between 
impregnation cycles; and transferring pitch to and from the autoclave 
during the impregnation step in manufacturing pitch-impregnated 
refractory products.
    Plant site means all contiguous or adjoining property that is under 
common control, including properties that are separated only by a road 
or other public right-of-way. Common control includes properties that 
are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, 
subsidiary, or any combination thereof.
    Refractory product means nonmetallic materials having those 
chemical and physical properties that make them applicable for 
structures, or as components of systems, that are exposed to 
environments above 538 deg.C (1000 deg.F). This definition includes, 
but is not limited to: refractory bricks, kiln furniture, crucibles, 
refractory ceramic fiber, and other materials used as linings for 
boilers, kilns, and other processing units and equipment where extremes 
of temperature, corrosion, and abrasion would destroy other materials.
    Refractory products that use organic HAP means resin-bonded 
refractory products, pitch-bonded refractory products, and other 
refractory products that are produced using a substance that is an 
organic HAP, that releases an organic HAP during production of the 
refractory product, or that contains an organic HAP, such as methanol 
or ethylene glycol.
    Refractory shape means any refractory piece forming a stable mass 
with specific dimensions.
    Research and development process unit means any process unit whose 
purpose is to conduct research and development for new processes and 
products and is not engaged in the manufacture of products for 
commercial sale.
    Responsible official means one of the following:
    (1) For a corporation: a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-
president of the corporation in charge of a principal business 
function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-
making functions for the corporation, or a duly authorized 
representative of such person if the representative is responsible for 
the overall operation of one or more manufacturing, production, or 
operating facilities applying for or subject to a permit and either:
    (i) The facilities employ more than 250 persons or have gross 
annual sales or expenditures exceeding $25 million (in second quarter 
1980 dollars); or
    (ii) The delegation of authority to such representatives is 
approved in advance by the Administrator;
    (2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: a general partner or 
the proprietor, respectively;
    (3) For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency: 
Either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For 
the purposes of this part, a principal executive officer of a Federal 
agency includes the chief executive officer having responsibility for 
the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency 
(e.g., a Regional Administrator of EPA); or
    (4) For affected sources (as defined in this subpart) applying for 
or subject to a title V permit: ``responsible official'' means 
responsible official as defined in Sec. 63.2.
    Shape dryer means a thermal process unit that operates at a peak 
temperature between 40 deg. and 700 deg.C (100 deg. and 1300 deg.F) and 
is used exclusively to reduce the free moisture content of a refractory 
shape. Shape dryers generally are the initial thermal process step 
following the forming step in refractory products manufacturing. (See 
also the definition of a curing oven).
    Shape preheater means a thermal process unit that operates at a 
peak temperature between 180 deg. and 320 deg.C (350 deg. and 
600 deg.F) and is used to heat fired refractory shapes prior to the 
impregnation step in manufacturing pitch-impregnated refractory 
products.
    Thermal oxidizer means an add-on air pollution control device that 
includes one or more combustion chambers and is designed specifically 
to destroy organic compounds in a process exhaust gas stream by 
incineration.
    Uncalcined clay means clay that has not undergone thermal 
processing in a calciner.
    Wet scrubber (WS) means an add-on air pollution control device that 
removes pollutants from a gas stream by bringing them into contact with 
a liquid, typically water.
    Work practice standard means any design, equipment, work practice, 
or operational standard, or combination thereof, that is promulgated 
pursuant to section 112(h) of the Clean Air Act.
    As stated in Sec. 63.9788, you must comply with the emission limits 
for affected sources in the following table:

                              Table 1 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Emission Limits
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       For . . .                            You must meet the following emission limits . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each new or existing curing oven, shape dryer, and    As specified in items 2 through 7 of this table.
 kiln that is used to process refractory products that
 use organic HAP; each new or existing coking oven and
 defumer that is used to produce pitch-impregnated
 refractory products; each new shape preheater that is
 used to produce pitch-impregnated refractory products;
 AND each new or existing process unit that is
 exhausted to a thermal or catalytic oxidizer that also
 controls emissions from an affected shape preheater or
 pitch working tank.
2. Continuous process units that are controlled with a   a. The 3-hour block average total hydrocarbon (THC)
 thermal or catalytic oxidizer.                           concentration must not exceed 20 parts per million by
                                                          volume, dry basis (ppmvd), corrected to 18 percent
                                                          oxygen, at the outlet of the control device;
                                                         OR

[[Page 42145]]

 
                                                         b. If the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration at the
                                                          outlet of the control device does not exceed 3.0
                                                          percent, the 3-hour block average combustion
                                                          efficiency must equal or exceed 99.8 percent at the
                                                          outlet of the control device, as specified in item
                                                          5(d) of Table 4 to this subpart using Equation 2 of
                                                          Sec.  63.9800(f)(2).
3. Continuous process units that are equipped with a     The 3-hour block average THC concentration must not
 control device other than a thermal or catalytic         exceed 20 ppmvd, corrected to 18 percent oxygen, at
 oxidizer or that use process changes to reduce organic   the outlet of the process gas stream.
 HAP emissions.
4. Continuous kilns that are not equipped with a         The 3-hour block average THC concentration must not
 control device.                                          exceed 20 ppmvd, corrected to 18 percent oxygen, at
                                                          the outlet of the process gas stream.
5. Batch process units that are controlled with a        a. The average of the highest rolling 3-hour average
 thermal or catalytic oxidizer.                           THC concentrations must not exceed 20 ppmvd, corrected
                                                          to 18 percent oxygen, at the outlet of the control
                                                          device;
                                                         OR
                                                         b. If the CO2 concentration at the outlet of the
                                                          control device does not exceed 3.0 percent, the
                                                          average of the highest rolling 3-hour average
                                                          combustion efficiencies must equal or exceed 99.8
                                                          percent at the outlet of the control device, as
                                                          specified in item 10(e) of Table 4 to this subpart
                                                          using Equation 2 of Sec.  63.9800(f)(2).
6. Batch process units that are equipped with a control  The average of the highest rolling 3-hour average THC
 device other than a thermal or catalytic oxidizer or     concentrations must not exceed 20 ppmvd, corrected to
 that use process changes to reduce organic HAP           18 percent oxygen, at the outlet of the process gas
 emissions.                                               stream.
7. Batch process kilns that are not equipped with a      The average of the highest rolling 3-hour average THC
 control device.                                          concentrations must not exceed 20 ppmvd, corrected to
                                                          18 percent oxygen, at the outlet of the process gas
                                                          stream.
8. Each new continuous kiln that is used to produce      a. The 3-hour block average hydrogen fluoride (HF)
 clay refractory products.                                emissions must not exceed 0.001 kilograms per megagram
                                                          (kg/Mg) (0.002 pounds per ton (lb/ton)) of uncalcined
                                                          clay processed, OR uncontrolled HF emissions must be
                                                          reduced by at least 99.5 percent;
                                                         AND
                                                         b. The 3-hour block average hydrochloric acid (HCl)
                                                          emissions must not exceed 0.0025 kg/Mg (0.005 lb/ton)
                                                          of uncalcined clay processed, OR uncontrolled HCl
                                                          emissions must be reduced by at least 98 percent.
9. Each new batch process kiln that is used to produce   a. Uncontrolled HF emissions must be reduced by at
 clay refractory products.                                least 99.5 percent, according to the procedure
                                                          specified in item 15(d) of Table 4 to this subpart;
                                                         AND
                                                         b. Uncontrolled HCl emissions must be reduced by at
                                                          least 98 percent, according to the procedure specified
                                                          in item 15(e) of Table 4 to this subpart.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9788, you must comply with the operating 
limits for affected sources in the following table:

                             Table 2 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Operating Limits
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       For . . .                                              You must . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each new or existing curing oven, shape dryer, and    a. Operate all affected sources according to the
 kiln that is used to process refractory products that    requirements to this subpart on and after the date on
 use organic HAP; each new or existing coking oven and    which the initial performance test is conducted or
 defumer that is to produce pitch-impregnated             required to be conducted, whichever date is earlier;
 refractory products; each new shape preheater that is   AND
 used to produce pitch-impregnated refractory products;  b. Capture emissions and vent them through a closed
 AND each new or existing process unit that is            system;
 exhausted to a thermal or catalytic oxidizer that also  AND
 controls emissions from an affected shape preheater or  c. Operate each control device that is required to
 pitch working tank.                                      comply with this subpart on each affected source
                                                          during all periods that the source is operating,
                                                          except where specified in item 13 of Table 4 to this
                                                          subpart;
                                                         AND
                                                         d. Record all operating parameters specified in Table 8
                                                          to this subpart for the affected source;
                                                         AND
                                                         e. Prepare and implement a written operation,
                                                          maintenance, and monitoring (OM&M) plan as specified
                                                          in Sec.  63.9792(d).
                                                         AND
                                                         f. Satisfy the applicable operating limits specified in
                                                          items 2 through 7 of this table.
2. Each affected continuous process unit...............  Maintain the 3-hour block average organic HAP
                                                          processing rate (pounds per hour) at or below the
                                                          level established during the most recent performance
                                                          test.

[[Page 42146]]

 
3. Continuous process units that are equipped with a     Maintain the 3-hour block average operating temperature
 thermal oxidizer.                                        in the thermal oxidizer combustion chamber at or above
                                                          the average hourly operating temperature established
                                                          during the most recent performance test minus 14 deg.
                                                          C (25 deg. F).
4. Continuous process units that are equipped with a     Maintain the 3-hour block average operating temperature
 catalytic oxidizer.                                      at the inlet of the catalyst bed of the oxidizer at or
                                                          above the average hourly operating temperature
                                                          established during the most recent performance test
                                                          minus 14 deg. C (25 deg. F).
5. Each affected batch process unit....................  For each batch cycle, maintain the organic HAP
                                                          processing rate (pounds per batch) at or below the
                                                          level established during the most recent performance
                                                          test.
6. Batch process units that are equipped with a thermal  a. From the start of each batch cycle until 3 hours
 oxidizer.                                                have passed since the process unit reached maximum
                                                          temperature, maintain the average hourly operating
                                                          temperature in the thermal oxidizer combustion chamber
                                                          at or above the average hourly operating temperature
                                                          minus 14 deg. C (25 deg. F) established for the
                                                          corresponding period during the most recent
                                                          performance test;
                                                         AND
                                                         b. For each subsequent hour of the batch cycle,
                                                          maintain the average hourly operating temperature in
                                                          the thermal oxidizer combustion chamber at or above
                                                          the average hourly operating temperature minus 14 deg.
                                                          C (25 deg. F) established for the corresponding hour
                                                          during the most recent performance test, as specified
                                                          in item 11 of Table 4 to this subpart.
7. Batch process units that are equipped with a          a. From the start of each batch cycle until 3 hours
 catalytic oxidizer.                                      have passed since the process unit reached maximum
                                                          temperature, maintain the average hourly operating
                                                          temperature at the inlet of the catalyst bed at or
                                                          above the average hourly operating temperature minus
                                                          14 deg. C (25 deg. F) established for the
                                                          corresponding period during the most recent
                                                          performance test;
                                                         AND
                                                         b. For each subsequent hour of the batch cycle,
                                                          maintain the average hourly operating temperature at
                                                          the inlet of the catalyst bed at or above the average
                                                          hourly operating temperature minus 14 deg. C (25 deg.
                                                          F) established for the corresponding hour during the
                                                          most recent performance test, as specified in item 12
                                                          of Table 4 to this subpart.
8. Each new kiln that is used to process clay            Satisfy the applicable operating limits specified in
 refractory products.                                     items 9 through 11 of this table.
9. Each affected kiln that is equipped with a DIFF or    a. Initiate corrective action within 1 hour of a bag
 DLS/FF.                                                  leak detection system alarm and complete corrective
                                                          actions in accordance with the OM&M plan;
                                                         AND
                                                         b. Maintain the 3-hour block average fabric filter
                                                          inlet temperature at or below the average temperature
                                                          established during the performance test plus 14 deg. C
                                                          (25 deg. F);
                                                         AND
                                                         c. Verify at least once each 8-hour shift that lime is
                                                          free-flowing by means of a visual check, checking the
                                                          output of a load cell, carrier gas/lime flow
                                                          indicator, or carrier gas pressure drop measurement
                                                          system;
                                                         AND
                                                         d. Record feeder setting daily to verify that the
                                                          feeder setting is at or above the level established
                                                          during the most recent performance test.
10. Each affected kiln that is equipped with a DLS/FF..  Maintain the 3-hour block average water injection rate
                                                          at or above the average water injection rate
                                                          established during the most recent performance test.
11. Each affected kiln that is equipped with a wet       Maintain the 3-hour block average pressure drop across
 scrubber (WS).                                           the scrubber, liquid pH, AND liquid flow rate at or
                                                          above the levels established during the most recent
                                                          performance test.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9788, you must comply with the work practice 
standards for affected sources in the following table:

[[Page 42147]]



                          Table 3 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Work Practice Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                According to one of the following requirements .
             For . . .                    You must . . .                              . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each basket or container that    a. Control POM emissions   i. At least every 10 cycles, remove the residual
 is used for holding fired           from any affected shape    pitch from the surfaces of the basket or
 refractory shapes in an existing    preheater.                 container by abrasive blasting prior to placing
 shape preheater and autoclave                                  the basket or container in the affected shape
 during the pitch impregnation                                  preheater;
 process.                                                      OR
                                                               ii. At least every 10 cycles, subject the basket
                                                                or container to a thermal process cycle that
                                                                meets or exceeds the operating temperature and
                                                                cycle time of the affected preheater, AND is
                                                                conducted in a process unit that is exhausted to
                                                                a thermal or catalytic oxidizer that is
                                                                comparable to the control device used on an
                                                                affected defumer or coking oven;
                                                               OR
                                                               iii. Capture emissions from the affected shape
                                                                preheater and vent them to the control device
                                                                that is used to control emissions from an
                                                                affected defumer or coking oven, OR to a
                                                                comparable thermal or catalytic oxidizer.
2. Each existing and new pitch      Control POM emissions....  Capture emissions from the affected pitch working
 working tank.                                                  tank and vent them to the control device that is
                                                                used to control emissions from an affected
                                                                defumer or coking oven, OR to a comparable
                                                                thermal or catalytic oxidizer.
3. Each existing and new chromium   Minimize fuel-based HAP    Use natural gas, or equivalent, as the kiln fuel.
 refractory products kiln.           emissions.
4. Each existing clay refractory    Minimize fuel-based HAP    Use natural gas, or equivalent, as the kiln fuel.
 products kiln.                      emissions.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9800, you must comply with the requirements 
for performance tests for affected sources in the following table:

                    Table 4 to Subpart SSSSS to Part 63.--Requirements for Performance Tests
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             According to the
              For . . .                     You must . . .            Using . . .         following requirements
                                                                                                  . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each affected source listed in      a. Conduct performance   i. The requirements of   (1) Record the date of
 Table 1 to this subpart.               tests.                   the general provisions   the test;
                                                                 in subpart A of this    AND
                                                                 part and the            (2) Identify the
                                                                 requirements to this     emission source that
                                                                 subpart.                 is tested;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Collect and record
                                                                                          the corresponding
                                                                                          operating parameter
                                                                                          and emission test data
                                                                                          listed in this table
                                                                                          for each run of the
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Conduct a minimum
                                                                                          of three separate test
                                                                                          runs during the
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (5) Repeat the
                                                                                          performance test at
                                                                                          least every 5 years;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (6) If complying with
                                                                                          the THC or combustion
                                                                                          efficiency limits
                                                                                          specified in items 2
                                                                                          through 7 of Table 1
                                                                                          to this subpart,
                                                                                          repeat the performance
                                                                                          test under the
                                                                                          conditions specified
                                                                                          in items 2(a)(3) and
                                                                                          (4) of this table.

[[Page 42148]]

 
                                       b. Select the locations  i. Method 1 or 1A of 40  (1) To demonstrate
                                        of sampling ports and    CFR, part 60, appendix   compliance with the
                                        the number of traverse   A.                       control efficiency
                                        points.                                           (percent reduction)
                                                                                          limits specified in
                                                                                          items 8 and 9 of Table
                                                                                          1 to this subpart,
                                                                                          locate sampling sites
                                                                                          at the inlet of the
                                                                                          control device and at
                                                                                          either the outlet of
                                                                                          the control device or
                                                                                          at the stack prior to
                                                                                          any releases to the
                                                                                          atmosphere;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) To demonstrate
                                                                                          compliance with any
                                                                                          other emission limit
                                                                                          specified in Table 1
                                                                                          to this subpart,
                                                                                          locate all sampling
                                                                                          sites at the outlet of
                                                                                          the control device or
                                                                                          at the stack prior to
                                                                                          any releases to the
                                                                                          atmosphere.
                                       c. Determine gas         Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D,    Measure gas velocities
                                        velocity and             2F, or 2G of 40 CFR      and volumetric flow
                                        volumetric flow rate.    part 60, appendix A.     rates at 1-hr
                                                                                          intervals throughout
                                                                                          each test run.
                                       d. Conduct gas           Method 3, 3A, or 3B of    As specified in the
                                        molecular weight         40 CFR part 60,          applicable test
                                        analysis.                appendix A.              method.
                                       e. Measure gas moisture  Method 4 of 40 CFR part   As specified in the
                                        content.                 60, appendix A.          applicable test
                                                                                          method.
2. Each new or existing curing oven,   a. Conduct performance                            (1) Conduct the
 shape dryer, and kiln that is used     tests.                                            performance test while
 to process refractory products that                                                      the source is
 use organic HAP; each new or                                                             operating at the
 existing coking oven and defumer                                                         maximum organic HAP
 that is used to produce pitch-                                                           processing rate
 impregnated refractory products;                                                         reasonably expected to
 each new shape preheater that is                                                         occur;
 used to produce pitch-impregnated                                                       AND
 refractory products; AND each new or                                                    (2) Define the maximum
 existing process unit that is                                                            organic HAP processing
 exhausted to a thermal or catalytic                                                      rate as the
 oxidizer that also controls                                                              combination of process
 emissions from an affected shape                                                         and product or
 preheater or pitch working tank.                                                         products having the
                                                                                          greatest potential to
                                                                                          emit organic HAP;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Repeat the
                                                                                          performance test
                                                                                          before starting
                                                                                          production of any
                                                                                          product for which the
                                                                                          organic HAP processing
                                                                                          rate is likely to
                                                                                          exceed the maximum
                                                                                          organic HAP processing
                                                                                          rate established
                                                                                          during most recent
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Repeat the
                                                                                          performance test on
                                                                                          any affected
                                                                                          uncontrolled kiln
                                                                                          following process
                                                                                          changes (e.g., shorter
                                                                                          curing oven cycle
                                                                                          time) that could
                                                                                          increase organic HAP
                                                                                          emissions from the
                                                                                          affected kiln.
                                       b. Satisfy the
                                        applicable
                                        requirements listed in
                                        items 3 through 13 of
                                        this table.
3. Each affected continuous process    a. Perform a minimum of  The appropriate test     Each test run must be
 unit.                                  3 test runs.             methods specified in     at least 1 hour in
                                                                 items 1, 4 and 5 of      duration.
                                                                 this table.

[[Page 42149]]

 
                                       b. Establish the         i. Method 311, OR MSDS   (1) Calculate and
                                        operating limit for      sheets, OR product       record the organic HAP
                                        the maximum organic      labels to determine      content of all
                                        HAP processing rate.     the mass fraction of     refractory shapes that
                                                                 organic HAP in each      are processed during
                                                                 resin, binder, or        the performance test,
                                                                 additive;.               based on the mass
                                                                AND....................   fraction of organic
                                                                Product formulation       HAP in the resins,
                                                                 data that specify the    binders, or additives;
                                                                 mass fraction of each    the mass fraction of
                                                                 resin, binder, and       each resin, binder, or
                                                                 additive in the          additive, in the
                                                                 products that are        product; and the
                                                                 processed during the     process feed rate;
                                                                 performance test;.      AND
                                                                AND....................  (2) Calculate and
                                                                Process feed rate data    record the organic HAP
                                                                 (tons per hour)..        processing rate
                                                                                          (pounds per hour) for
                                                                                          each test run;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-run
                                                                                          average organic HAP
                                                                                          processing rate as the
                                                                                          average of the average
                                                                                          organic HAP processing
                                                                                          rates for each test
                                                                                          run.
                                       c. Record the operating  Process data...........  During each test run
                                        temperature of the                                and at least once per
                                        affected source.                                  hour, record the
                                                                                          operating temperature
                                                                                          in the highest
                                                                                          temperature zone of
                                                                                          the affected source.
4. Each continuous process unit that   a. Measure emissions of  i. Method 25A of 40 CFR  (1) Each minute,
 is subject to the THC emission limit   THC at the outlet of     part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
 listed in item 2(a), 3, or 4 of        the control device or                             concentrations of THC
 Table 1 to this subpart.               in the stack.                                     in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average THC
                                                                                          concentration.
                                       b. Measure emissions of  i. Method 3A of 40 CFR   (1) Each minutes
                                        O2 at the outlet of      part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
                                        the control device or                             concentrations of O2
                                        in the stack.                                     in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average O2
                                                                                          concentration.
                                       c. Determine the         1. Equation 1 of Sec.    (1) Calculate the
                                        average hourly THC       63.9800(f)(1).           hourly average THC and
                                        concentrati on,                                   O2 concentrations for
                                        corrected to 18                                   each hour of the
                                        percent O2.                                       performance test as
                                                                                          the average of the 1-
                                                                                          minute THC and O2
                                                                                          measurements;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Correct the hourly
                                                                                          average THC
                                                                                          concentration to 18
                                                                                          percent O2 using
                                                                                          Equation 1 of Sec.
                                                                                          63.9800(f)(1).
                                       d. Determine the 3-hour  i. The hourly average    (1) Calculate the
                                        block average THC        concentrati on of THC,   hourly THC emission
                                        emission concentrati     corrected to 18          concentration,
                                        on, corrected to 18      percent O2.              corrected to 18
                                        percent O2.                                       percent O2, for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Calculate the 3-
                                                                                          hour block average THC
                                                                                          emission
                                                                                          concentration,
                                                                                          corrected to 18
                                                                                          percent O2, as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          THC emission
                                                                                          concentrations
                                                                                          corrected to 18
                                                                                          percent O2.

[[Page 42150]]

 
5. Each continuous process unit that   a. Measure emissions of  i. Method 25A of 40 CFR  (1) Each minute,
 is subject to the combustion           THC at the outlet of     part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
 efficiency limit listed in item 2(b)   the control device or                             concentrations of THC
 of Table 1 to this subpart.            in the stack.                                     in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average THC
                                                                                          concentration.
                                       b. Measure emissions of  i. Method 3A of 40 CFR   (1) Each minute,
                                        CO2 at the outlet of     part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
                                        the control device.                               concentrations of CO2
                                                                                          in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average CO2
                                                                                          concentration;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average CO2
                                                                                          concentration for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.
                                       c. Measure emissions of  i. Method 10 of 40 CFR   (1) Each minute,
                                        CO at the outlet of      part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
                                        the control device.                               concentrations of CO
                                                                                          in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average CO
                                                                                          concentration;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average CO
                                                                                          concentration for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.
                                       d. Determine the 3-hour  i. The hourly average    (1) Calculate the
                                        block average            concentrations of CO2,   hourly average
                                        combustion efficiency.   CO, and THC.             combustion efficiency
                                                                                          for each hour of the
                                                                                          performance test
                                                                                          according to Equation
                                                                                          2 of Sec.
                                                                                          63.9800(f)(2);
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Calculate the 3-
                                                                                          hour block average
                                                                                          combustion efficiency
                                                                                          as the average of the
                                                                                          three hourly average
                                                                                          combustion
                                                                                          efficiencies.
6. Continuous process units that are   a. Establish the         i. Continuous recording  (1) At least every 15
 equipped with a thermal oxidizer.      operating limit for      of the output of the     minutes, measure and
                                        the minimum thermal      combustion chamber       record the thermal
                                        oxidizer combustion      temperature              oxidizer combustion
                                        chamber temperature.     measurement device.      chamber temperature;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one measurement during
                                                                                          at least three 15-
                                                                                          minute periods per
                                                                                          hour of testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average thermal
                                                                                          oxidizer combustion
                                                                                          chamber temperature
                                                                                          for each hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.

[[Page 42151]]

 
7. Continuous process units that are   a. Establish the         i. Continuous recording  (1) At least every 15
 equipped with a catalytic oxidizer.    operating limit for      of the output of the     minutes, measure and
                                        the minimum              temperature              record the temperature
                                        temperature at the       measurement device..     at the oxidizer
                                        inlet of the oxidizer                             catalyst bed inlet;
                                        catalyst bed..                                   AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one catalyst bed. bed
                                                                                          inlet temperature
                                                                                          measurement during at
                                                                                          least three 15-minute
                                                                                          periods per hour of
                                                                                          testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average
                                                                                          catalyst bed inlet
                                                                                          temperature for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.
8. Each affected batch process unit..  a. Perform a minimum of  i. The appropriate test  (1) Each test run must
                                        3 test runs.             methods specified in     begin with the start
                                                                 ites 1, 9. and 10 of     of a batch cycle,
                                                                 this table.              except as specified in
                                                                                          items 8(a)(i)(3) of
                                                                                          this table;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Each test run must
                                                                                          continue until the end
                                                                                          of the batch cycle,
                                                                                          except as specified in
                                                                                          items 8(a)(i)(3) and
                                                                                          (4) of this table;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) If you develop an
                                                                                          emissions profile, as
                                                                                          described in Sec.
                                                                                          63.9802(a), you can
                                                                                          limit each test run to
                                                                                          the 4-hour THC peak
                                                                                          emissions period;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) If you do not
                                                                                          develop an emissions
                                                                                          profile, a test run
                                                                                          can be stopped and the
                                                                                          results of that run
                                                                                          considered complete if
                                                                                          you measure emissions
                                                                                          continuously until at
                                                                                          least 3 hours after
                                                                                          the affected process
                                                                                          unit reaches maximum
                                                                                          temperature, AND
                                                                                          emissions of THC are
                                                                                          not increasing during
                                                                                          the 3-hour period
                                                                                          since maximum process
                                                                                          temperature was
                                                                                          reached, AND the
                                                                                          concentration of THC
                                                                                          at the inlet to the
                                                                                          control device does
                                                                                          not exceed 20 ppmvd,
                                                                                          corrected to 18
                                                                                          percent oxygen, OR the
                                                                                          emission limits listed
                                                                                          in items 5 and 6 of
                                                                                          Table 1 to this
                                                                                          subpart have been met
                                                                                          during each of the
                                                                                          final three 1-hour
                                                                                          periods of the test
                                                                                          run, AND, for sources
                                                                                          equipped with a
                                                                                          thermal or catalytic
                                                                                          oxidizer, at least 1
                                                                                          hour has passed since
                                                                                          any reduction in the
                                                                                          operating temperature
                                                                                          of the oxidizer, as
                                                                                          specified in item 13
                                                                                          of this table.

[[Page 42152]]

 
                                       b. Establish the         i. Method 311, OR MSDS   (1) Calculate and
                                        operating limit for      sheets, OR product       record the organic HAP
                                        the maximum organic      labels to determine      content of all
                                        HAP processing rate.     the mass fraction of     refractory shapes that
                                                                 organic HAP in each      are processed during
                                                                 resin, binder, or        the performance test,
                                                                 additive;                based on the mass
                                                                AND....................   fraction of organic
                                                                ii. Product forumlation   HAP in the resins,
                                                                 data that specify the    binders, or additives;
                                                                 mass fraction of each    the mass fraction of
                                                                 resin, binder, and       each resin, binder, or
                                                                 additive in the          additive, in the
                                                                 products that are        product, and the batch
                                                                 processed during the     weight prior to
                                                                 performance test;.       processing;
                                                                AND....................  AND
                                                                iii. Batch weight        (2) Calculate and
                                                                 (tons)..                 record the organic HAP
                                                                                          processing rate
                                                                                          (pounds per batch) for
                                                                                          each test run;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-run
                                                                                          average organic HAP
                                                                                          processing rate as the
                                                                                          average of the average
                                                                                          organic HAP processing
                                                                                          rates for each test
                                                                                          run.
                                       c. Record the batch      Process data...........  Record the total
                                        cycle time.                                       elapsed time from
                                                                                          start to completion of
                                                                                          the batch cycle.
                                       d. Record the operating  Process data...........  Record the operating
                                        temperature of the                                temperature of the
                                        affected source.                                  affected source at
                                                                                          least once every hour
                                                                                          of the performance
                                                                                          test.
9. Each batch process unit that is     a. Measure emissions of  i. Method 25A of 40 CFR  (1) Each minute,
 subject to the THC emission limit      THC at the outlet of     part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
 listed in item 5(a), 6, or 7 of        the control device or                             concentrations of THC
 Table 1 to this subpart.               in the stack.                                     in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average THC
                                                                                          concentration.
                                       b. Measure emissions of  i. Method 3A of 40 CFR   (1) Each minute,
                                        the outlet of the        part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
                                        control device or in                              concentrations of O2
                                        the stack.                                        in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average O2
                                                                                          concentration.
                                       c. Determine the         i. Equation 1 of Sec.    (1) Calculate the
                                        average hourly THC       63.9800(f)(1).           hourly average THC and
                                        concentration,                                    O2 concentrations for
                                        corrected to 18                                   each hour of the
                                        percent O2.                                       performance test as
                                                                                          the average of the 1-
                                                                                          minute THC and O2
                                                                                          measurements;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Correct the hourly
                                                                                          average THC
                                                                                          concentration to 18
                                                                                          percent O2 using
                                                                                          Equation 1 of Sec.
                                                                                          63.9800(f)(1).
                                       d. Determine the         The hourly average       Calculate the rolling 3-
                                        rolling 3-hour average   concentrations of THC,   hour average THC
                                        THC emission             corrected to 18          emission concentration
                                        concentrations,          percent O2.              as the average of the
                                        corrected to 18                                   hourly THC emission
                                        percent O2, for each                              concentrations,
                                        test run.                                         corrected to 18
                                                                                          percent O2, for each
                                                                                          period of 3
                                                                                          consecutive hours
                                                                                          during each test run.

[[Page 42153]]

 
                                       e. Determine the         The rolling 3-hour       Calculate the average
                                        average of the highest   average THC emission     of the highest rolling
                                        rolling 3-hour average   concentrations,          3-hour average THC
                                        THC concentrations,      corrected to 18          concentrations,
                                        corrected to 18          percent O2.              corrected to 18
                                        percent O2.                                       percent O2, as the
                                                                                          average of the highest
                                                                                          rolling 3-hour THC
                                                                                          emission
                                                                                          concentrations,
                                                                                          corrected to 18
                                                                                          percent O2, for each
                                                                                          test run.
10. Batch process units that are       a. Measure emissions of  i. Method 25A of 40 CFR  (1) Each minute,
 subject to the combustion efficiency   THC at the outlet of     part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
 limit listed in item 5(b) of Table 1   the control device or                             concentrations of THC
 to this subpart.                       in the stack.                                     in the exhaust stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average THC
                                                                                          concentration.
                                       b. Measure emissions of  i. Method 3A of 40 CFR   (1) Each minute,
                                        CO2 at the outlet of     part 60, appendix A.     measure and record the
                                        the control device.                               concentrations of CO2
                                                                                          in the the exhaust
                                                                                          stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average CO2
                                                                                          concentration;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average CO2
                                                                                          concentration for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.
                                       c. Measure emissions of  i. Method 10 of 40 CFR   (1) Each minute,
                                        CO at the outlet of      part 60, appendix A.     measure and record,
                                        the control device.                               the concentrations of
                                                                                          CO in the exhaust
                                                                                          stream;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least 50
                                                                                          1-minute measurements
                                                                                          for each valid hourly
                                                                                          average CO
                                                                                          concentration;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average CO
                                                                                          concentration for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.
                                       d. Determine the         The hourly average       Calculate the the
                                        rollowing 3-hour         concentrations of CO2,   rolling 3-hour average
                                        average combustion       CO, and THC.             combustion efficiency
                                        efficiencies for each                             as theaverage of the
                                        test run.                                         hourly combustion
                                                                                          efficiencies
                                                                                          efficiencies according
                                                                                          to Equation 2 of Sec.
                                                                                          63.9800(f)(2) for each
                                                                                          period of 3
                                                                                          consecutive hours
                                                                                          during each test run.
                                       e. Determine the         The rolling 3-hour       Calculate the average 3-
                                        average of the highest   average combustion       hour average
                                        rolling 3-hour average   efficiencies.            combustion
                                        combustion                                        efficiencies as the
                                        efficiencies.                                     average of the highest
                                                                                          rolling 3-hour
                                                                                          combustion
                                                                                          efficiencies for each
                                                                                          test run.
11. Batch process units that are       a. Establish the         i. Continuous recording  (1) At least every 15
 equipped with a thermal oxidizer.      operating limit for      of the output of the     minutes, measure and
                                        the minimum thermal      combustion chamber       record the thermal
                                        oxidizer combustion      temperature              oxidizer combustion
                                        chamber temperature.     measurement device.      chamber temperature;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one temperature
                                                                                          measure during at
                                                                                          least three 15-minute
                                                                                          periods per hour of
                                                                                          testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average
                                                                                          temperature for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.

[[Page 42154]]

 
12. Batch process units that are       a. Establish the         i. Continuous recording  (1) At least every 15
 equipped with a catlytic oxidizer.     operating limits for     of the output of the     minutes, measure and
                                        the minimum              temperature              record the temperature
                                        temperature at the       measurement device.      at the oxidizer
                                        inlet of the oxidizer                             catalyst bed inlet;
                                        catalyst bed.                                    AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one catalyst bed inlet
                                                                                          temperature
                                                                                          measurement during at
                                                                                          least three 15-minute
                                                                                          periods per hour of
                                                                                          testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average
                                                                                          catalyst bed inlet
                                                                                          temperature for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test.
13. Batch process units that are       a. During each test      .......................  (1) The oxidizer can be
 equipped with a thermal and            run, maintain the                                 shut off or the
 catalytic oxidizer.                    operating temperature                             oxidizer operating
                                        of the oxidizer until                             temperature can be
                                        emission levels allow                             reduced if at least 3
                                        the oxidizer to be                                hours have passed
                                        shut off or the                                   since the affected
                                        operating temperature                             process unit reached
                                        of the oxidizer to be                             maximum temperature;
                                        reduced.                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) The applicable
                                                                                          emission limit
                                                                                          specified in items
                                                                                          5(a) and (b) of Table
                                                                                          1 to this subpart is
                                                                                          met during each of the
                                                                                          previous three 1-hour
                                                                                          periods
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Average hourly THC
                                                                                          emissions are not
                                                                                          increasing during the
                                                                                          3-hour period since
                                                                                          maximum process
                                                                                          temperature was
                                                                                          reached;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) The average THC
                                                                                          concentration at the
                                                                                          inlet to the oxidizer
                                                                                          has not exceeded 20
                                                                                          ppmvd, corrected to 18
                                                                                          percent oxygen, for at
                                                                                          least 1 hour, OR the
                                                                                          applicable emission
                                                                                          limit specified in
                                                                                          items 5(a) and (b) of
                                                                                          Table 1 to this
                                                                                          subpart is met during
                                                                                          each of the four 15-
                                                                                          minute periods
                                                                                          immediately following
                                                                                          the oxidizer
                                                                                          temperature reduction;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (5) If the applicable
                                                                                          emission limit
                                                                                          specifiefd in items
                                                                                          5(a) and (b) of Table
                                                                                          1 to this subpart is
                                                                                          not met during any of
                                                                                          the four 15-minute
                                                                                          periods immediately
                                                                                          following the oxidizer
                                                                                          temperature reduction,
                                                                                          you must return the
                                                                                          oxidizer to its normal
                                                                                          operating temperature
                                                                                          as soon as possible
                                                                                          and maintain that
                                                                                          temperature for at
                                                                                          least 1 hour;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (6) You must continue
                                                                                          the test run until the
                                                                                          applicable emission
                                                                                          limit specified in
                                                                                          items 5(a) and (b) of
                                                                                          Table 1 to this
                                                                                          subpart is met for at
                                                                                          least four consecutive
                                                                                          15-minute periods that
                                                                                          immediately follow the
                                                                                          temperature reduction
14. Each new continuous kiln that is   a. Measure emissions of  Method 26A of 40 CFR     Conduct the test while
 used to process clay refractory        HF and HC.               part 60, appendix A.     the emissions units is
 products.                                                                                operating at the
                                                                                          maximum production
                                                                                          level.

[[Page 42155]]

 
                                       b. Perform a minimum of  The appropriate test     Each test run must be
                                        3 test runs.             methods specified in     at least 1 hour in
                                                                 items 1 and 14(a) of     duration.
                                                                 this table.
                                       c. If complying with     i. Production data;....  (1) Record the
                                        the production--based   AND....................   production rate (tons
                                        HF or HCl emission      ii. Product formulation   per hour of fired
                                        limits specified in      data that specify the    product);
                                        items 8(a) and (b) of    mass fraction of        AND
                                        table 1 to this          uncalcined clay in the  (2) Calculate and
                                        subpart, record the      products that are        record the average
                                        uncalcined clay          processed during the     rate at which
                                        processing rate.         performance test..       uncalcined clay is
                                                                                          processed (tons per
                                                                                          hour) for each test
                                                                                          run;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-run
                                                                                          average uncalcined
                                                                                          clay processing rate
                                                                                          as the average of the
                                                                                          average uncalcined
                                                                                          clay processing rates
                                                                                          for each test run.
                                       d. If complying with     i. The hourly HF         (1) Calculate the
                                        the production--based    emission rate;           hourly production-
                                        HF emission limit       AND....................   based HF emission rate
                                        specified in item 8(a)  ii. The average           for each test run
                                        of Table 1 to this       uncalcined clay          using Equation 3 of
                                        subpart, determine the   processing rate..        Sec.  63.9800(f)(3);
                                        3-hour block average                             AND
                                        production-based HF                              (2) Calculate the 3-
                                        emission rate.                                    hour block average
                                                                                          production-based HF
                                                                                          emission rate as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          production-based HF
                                                                                          emission rates for
                                                                                          each test run.
                                       e. If complying with     i. The hourly HCl        (1) Calculate the
                                        the production-based     emission rate;.          hourly production-
                                        HCl emission limit      AND....................   based HCl emission
                                        specified in item 8(b)  ii. The average           rate for each test run
                                        of Table 1 to this       uncalcined clay          using Equation 3 of
                                        subpart, determine the   processing rate..        Sec.  63.9800(f)(3);
                                        3-hour block average                             AND
                                        production-based HCl                             (2) Calculate the 3-
                                        emission rate.                                    hour block average
                                                                                          production-based HCl
                                                                                          emission rate as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          production-based HCl
                                                                                          emission rates for
                                                                                          each test run.
                                       f. If complying with     i. The hourly average    (1) Calculate the
                                        the percent HF           HF emission rates at     hourly percent HF
                                        reduction emission       the inlet and outlet     reduction using
                                        limit specified in       to the control device.   Equation 4 of Sec.
                                        item 8(a) of Table 1                              63.9800(f)(4);
                                        to this subpart,                                 AND
                                        determine the 3-hour                             (2) Calculate the 3-
                                        block average percent                             hour block average HF
                                        HF reduction.                                     percent reduction as
                                                                                          the average of the
                                                                                          hourly HF reductions.
                                       g. If complying with     i. The hourly average    (1) Calculate the
                                        the percent HCl          HCl emission rates at    hourly percent HCl
                                        reduction emission       the inlet and outlet     reduction using
                                        limit specified in       to the control device.   Equation 4 of Sec.
                                        item 8(b) of Table 1                              63.9800(f)(4);
                                        to this subpart,                                 AND
                                        determine the 3-hour                             (2) Calculate the 3-
                                        block average percent                             hour block average HCl
                                        HCl reduction.                                    percent reduction as
                                                                                          the average of the
                                                                                          hourly percent HCl
                                                                                          reductions.
15. Each new batch process kiln that   a. Measure emissions of  Method 26A of 40 CFR     Conduct the test while
 is used to process clay refractory     HF and HCl.              part 60, appendix A.     the emissions units is
 products.                                                                                operating at the
                                                                                          maximum production
                                                                                          level.

[[Page 42156]]

 
                                       b. Perform a minimum of  i. The appropriate test  (1) Each test run must
                                        3 test runs.             methods specified in     consist of a series of
                                                                 items 1 and 15(a) of     1-hour Method 26A
                                                                 this table.              runs, beginning with
                                                                                          the start of a batch
                                                                                          cycle, except as
                                                                                          specified in item
                                                                                          15(b)(i)(3) of this
                                                                                          table;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Each test run must
                                                                                          continue until the end
                                                                                          of the batch cycle,
                                                                                          except as specified in
                                                                                          item 15(b)(i)(3) of
                                                                                          this table;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) If you develop an
                                                                                          emissions profile, as
                                                                                          described in Sec.
                                                                                          63.9802(b), you can
                                                                                          limit each test run to
                                                                                          the 3-hour HF peak
                                                                                          emissions period.
                                       c. Record the average    i. Batch weight data;..  (1) Record the batch
                                        uncalcined clay         AND....................   weight (tons per
                                        processing rate.        ii. Product formulation   batch);
                                                                 data that specify the   AND
                                                                 mass fraction of        (2) Calculate and
                                                                 uncalcined clay in the   record the average
                                                                 refractory products      rate at which
                                                                 processed during the     uncalcined clay is
                                                                 performance test.        processed (tons per
                                                                                          batch) for each test
                                                                                          run;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-run
                                                                                          average uncalcined
                                                                                          clay processing rate
                                                                                          as the average of the
                                                                                          average uncalcined
                                                                                          clay processing rates
                                                                                          for each test run.
                                       d. Determine the 3-run   i. The hourly average    (1) For each test run,
                                        block average percent    HF emission rates at     determine the 3-hour
                                        HF reduction for the 3-  the inlet and outlet     HF peak emissions
                                        hour HF peak emissions   to the control device.   period, as defined in
                                        period.                                           Sec.  63.9826.
                                                                                         (2) Calculate the
                                                                                          percent HF reduction
                                                                                          for each hour of the 3-
                                                                                          hour HF peak emissions
                                                                                          period using Equation
                                                                                          4 of Sec.
                                                                                          63.9800(f)(4);
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          average percent HF
                                                                                          reduction for each
                                                                                          test run as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          percent HF reductions
                                                                                          for the 3-hour HF peak
                                                                                          emissions period for
                                                                                          that run;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Calculate the 3-run
                                                                                          block average HF
                                                                                          percent reduction as
                                                                                          the average of the
                                                                                          percent HF reductions
                                                                                          for each run.

[[Page 42157]]

 
                                       e. Determine the 3-run   i. The hourly average    (1) For each test run,
                                        block average percent    HCl emission rates at    determine the 3-hour
                                        HCl reduction for the    the inlet and outlet     HF peak emissions
                                        3-hour HF peak           to the control device.   period, as defined in
                                        emissions period.                                 Sec.  63.9826.
                                                                                         (2) Calculate the
                                                                                          percent HCl reduction
                                                                                          for each hour of the 3-
                                                                                          hour HF peak emissions
                                                                                          period using Equation
                                                                                          4 of Sec.
                                                                                          63.9800(f)(4);
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          average percent HCl
                                                                                          reduction for each
                                                                                          test run as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          percent HCl reductions
                                                                                          for the 3-hour HF peak
                                                                                          emissions period for
                                                                                          that run;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Calculate the 3-run
                                                                                          block average HCl
                                                                                          percent reduction as
                                                                                          the average of the
                                                                                          percent HCl reductions
                                                                                          for each run.
16. Each new kiln that is used to      a. Document conformance  Data from installation   Submit analyses and
 process clay refractory products and   with specifications      and calibration of the   supporting
 is equipped with a DIFF or DLS/FF.     and requirements of      bag leak detection       documentation
                                        the bag leak detection   system.                  demonstrating
                                        system.                                           conformance with EPA
                                                                                          guidance and
                                                                                          specifications for bag
                                                                                          leak detection systems
                                                                                          as part of the
                                                                                          Notification of
                                                                                          Compliance Status.
                                       b. Establish the         i. Data from the         (1) At least every 15
                                        operating limit for      temperature              minutes, measure and
                                        the maximum average      measurement device       record the temperature
                                        fabric filter inlet      during the performance   at the inlet to the
                                        temperature.             test.                    fabric filter;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one temperature
                                                                                          measurement during at
                                                                                          least three 15-minute
                                                                                          periods per hour of
                                                                                          testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          hourly average
                                                                                          temperature for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-hour
                                                                                          block average
                                                                                          temperature as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          average temperatures.
                                       c. Establish the         i. Data from the lime    (1) For continuous lime
                                        operating limit for      feeder during the        injection systems,
                                        the lime feeder          performance test.        ensure that lime in
                                        setting.                                          the feed hopper or
                                                                                          silo is free-flowing
                                                                                          at all times during
                                                                                          the performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (2) Record the feeder
                                                                                          setting for the three
                                                                                          test runs;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) If the feed rate
                                                                                          setting varies during
                                                                                          the three test runs,
                                                                                          calculate and record
                                                                                          the average feed rate
                                                                                          from the three test
                                                                                          runs.

[[Page 42158]]

 
17. Each new kiln that is used to      a. Establish the         i. Data from the water   (1) At least every 15
 process clay refractory products and   operating limit for      injection rate           minutes, measure the
 is equipped with a DLS/FF.             the minimum average      measurement device       water injection rate;
                                        water injection.         during the performance  AND
                                                                 test.                   (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one water injection
                                                                                          rate measurement
                                                                                          during at least three
                                                                                          15-minute periods per
                                                                                          hour of testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-hour
                                                                                          block average water
                                                                                          injection rate as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          average water
                                                                                          injection rates.
18. Each new kiln that is used to      a. Establish the         i. Data from the         (1) At least every 15
 process clay refractory products and   operating limit for      pressure drop            minutes, measure the
 is equipped with a WS.                 the minimum average      measurement device       scrubber pressure
                                        scrubber pressure drop.  during the performance   drop;
                                                                 test.                   AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one pressure drop
                                                                                          measurement during at
                                                                                          least three 15-minute
                                                                                          periods per hour of
                                                                                          testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          average hourly
                                                                                          pressure drop for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-hour
                                                                                          block average pressure
                                                                                          drop as the average of
                                                                                          the hourly average
                                                                                          pressure drops.
                                       b. Establish the         i. Data from the pH      (1) At least every 15
                                        operating limit for      measurement device       minutes, measure
                                        the minimum average      during the performance   scrubber liquid pH;
                                        scrubber liquid pH.      test.                   AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one pH measurement
                                                                                          during at least three
                                                                                          15-minute periods per
                                                                                          hour of testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          average hourly pH
                                                                                          values for each hour
                                                                                          of the performance
                                                                                          test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-hour
                                                                                          block average liquid
                                                                                          pH as the average of
                                                                                          the hourly average pH
                                                                                          measurements.
                                       c. Establish the         i. Data from the flow    (1) At least every 15
                                        operating limit for      rate measurement         minutes, measure the
                                        the minimum average      device during the        scrubber liquid flow
                                        scrubber liquid flow     performance test.        rate;
                                        rate.                                            AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one flow rate
                                                                                          measurement during at
                                                                                          least three 15-minute
                                                                                          periods per hour of
                                                                                          testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          average hourly liquid
                                                                                          flow rate for each
                                                                                          hour of the
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-hour
                                                                                          block average liquid
                                                                                          flow rate as the
                                                                                          average of the average
                                                                                          hourly liquid flow
                                                                                          rates.

[[Page 42159]]

 
                                       d. Establish the         i. Data from the         (1) At least every 15
                                        operating limit for      chemical feed rate       minutes, measure the
                                        the minimum average      measurement device       scrubber chemical feed
                                        scrubber chemical feed   during the performance   rate;
                                        rate.                    test.                   AND
                                                                                         (2) Provide at least
                                                                                          one chemical feed rate
                                                                                          measurement during at
                                                                                          least three 15-minute
                                                                                          periods per hour of
                                                                                          testing;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (3) Calculate the
                                                                                          average hourly
                                                                                          chemical feed rate for
                                                                                          each hour of the
                                                                                          performance test;
                                                                                         AND
                                                                                         (4) Calculate and
                                                                                          record the 3-hour
                                                                                          block average chemical
                                                                                          feed rate as the
                                                                                          average of the hourly
                                                                                          average chemical feed
                                                                                          rates.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9806, you must show initial compliance with 
the emission limits for affected sources according to the following 
table:

 Table 5 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Initial Compliance With Emission
                                 Limits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          You have
          For . . .             For the following   demonstrated initial
                              emission limit . . .   compliance if . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each affected source       a. Each applicable    i. Emissions
 listed in Table 1 to this     emission limit        measured using the
 subpart.                      listed in Table 1     test methods
                               to this subpart.      specified in Table
                                                     4 to this subpart
                                                     satisfy the
                                                     applicable emission
                                                     limits specified in
                                                     Table 1 to this
                                                     subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. You establish
                                                     and have a record
                                                     of the operating
                                                     limits listed in
                                                     Table 2 to this
                                                     subpart over the
                                                     performance test
                                                     period;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. You report the
                                                     results of the
                                                     performance test in
                                                     the Notification of
                                                     Compliance Status,
                                                     as specified by
                                                     Sec.  63.9812
                                                     (e)(1) and (2).
2. Each new or existing       As specified in       You have satisfied
 curing oven, shape dryer,     items 3 and 4 of      the applicable
 and kiln that is used to      this table.           requirements
 process refractory products                         specified in items
 that use organic HAP; each                          3 and 4 of this
 new or existing coking oven                         table.
 and defumer that is used to
 produce pitch-impregnated
 refractory products; each
 new shape preheater that is
 used to produce pitch-
 impregnated refractory
 products; AND each new or
 existing process unit that
 is exhausted to a thermal
 or catalytic oxidizer that
 also controls emissions
 from an affected shape
 preheater or pitch working
 tank.
3. Each affected continuous   The average THC       The 3-hour block
 process unit that is          concentration must    average THC
 subject to the THC emission   not exceed 20         emission
 concentration limit listed    ppmvd, corrected to   concentration
 in item 2(a), 3, or 4 of      18 percent O2.        measured during the
 Table 1 to this subpart.                            performance test
                                                     using Method 25A is
                                                     equal to or less
                                                     than 20 ppmvd,
                                                     corrected to 18
                                                     percent oxygen.
4. Each affected continuous   The average           The 3-hour average
 process block unit that is    combustion            combustion
 subject to the combustion     efficiency must       efficiency measured
 efficiency limit listed in    equal or exceed       during the
 item 2(b) of Table 1 to       99.8 percent.         performance test
 this subpart.                                       using Methods 3A,
                                                     10, and 25A and
                                                     calculated using
                                                     Equation 2 in Sec.
                                                     63.9800(f) is equal
                                                     to or greater than
                                                     99.8 percent.
5. Each affected batch        The average THC       The average of the
 process unit subject to the   concentration must    highest rolling 3-
 THC emission concentration    not exceed 20         hour average THC
 limit listed in item 5(a),    ppmvd, corrected to   emission
 6, or 7 of Table 1 to this    18 percent O2.        concentrations
 subpart.                                            measured during the
                                                     performance test
                                                     using Method 25A is
                                                     equal to or less
                                                     than 20 ppmvd,
                                                     corrected to 18
                                                     percent oxygen.

[[Page 42160]]

 
6. Each affected batch        The average           The average of the
 process unit that is          combustion            highest rolling 3-
 subject to the combustion     efficiency must       hour average
 efficiency limit listed in    equal or exceed       combustion
 item 5(b) of Table 1 to       99.8 percent.         efficiencies
 this subpart.                                       measured during the
                                                     performance test
                                                     using Methods 3A,
                                                     10, and 25A and
                                                     calculated using
                                                     Equation 2 in Sec.
                                                     63.9800(f) is equal
                                                     to or greater than
                                                     99.8 percent.
7. Each affected process      a. The average THC    i. You have
 unit that is equipped with    concentration must    installed a THC
 a control device other than   not exceed 20 ppmvd.  CEMS at the outlet
 a thermal or catalytic                              of the control
 oxidizer.                                           device or in the
                                                     stack of the
                                                     affected source;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. You have
                                                     satisfied the
                                                     requirements of PS-
                                                     8 of 40 CFR part
                                                     60, appendix B.
8. Each new kiln that is      As specified in       You have satisfied
 used to process clay          items 9 and 10 of     the applicable
 refractory products.          this table.           requirements
                                                     specified in items
                                                     9 and 10 of this
                                                     table.
9. Each affected continuous   a. The average HF     i. The average HF
 kiln.                         emissions must not    emissions measured
                               exceed 0.001 kg/Mg    during the
                               (0.002 lb/ton) of     performance test
                               uncalcined clay       using Method 26A is
                               processed, OR the     equal to or less
                               average               than 0.001 kg/Mg
                               uncontrolled HF       (0.002 lb/ton) of
                               emissions must be     fired product;
                               reduced by at least  OR
                               99.5 percent.        ii. The HF emission
                                                     reduction measured
                                                     during the
                                                     performance test is
                                                     equal to or greater
                                                     than 99.5 percent.
                              b. The average HCl    i. The average HCl
                               emissions must not    emissions measured
                               exceed 0.0025 kg/Mg   during the
                               (0.005 lb/ton)        performance test
                               uncalcined clay       using Method 26A is
                               processed, OR the     equal to or less
                               average               than 0.0025 kg/Mg
                               uncontrolled HCl      (0.005 lb/ton) of
                               emissions must be     fired product;
                               reduced by at least  OR
                               98 percent.          ii. The HCl emission
                                                     reduction measured
                                                     during the
                                                     performance test is
                                                     equal to or greater
                                                     than 98 percent.
10. Each affected batch       a. The average        The HF emission
 process kiln.                 uncontrolled HF       reduction measured
                               emissions must be     during the
                               reduced by at least   performance test is
                               99.5 percent.         equal to or greater
                                                     than 99.5 percent.
                              b. The average        The HCl reduction
                               uncontrolled HCl      emissions measured
                               emission must be      during the
                               reduced by at least   performance test is
                               98 percent.           equal to or greater
                                                     than 98 percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9806, you must show initial compliance with 
the work practice standards for affected sources according to the 
following table:

   Table 6 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Initial Compliance With Work
                           Practice Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          You have
       For each . . .           For the following   demonstrated initial
                                 standard . . .      compliance if . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each affected source       a. Each applicable    i. You have selected
 listed in Table 3 to this     work practice         a method for
 subpart.                      standard listed in    performing each of
                               Table 3 to this       the applicable work
                               subpart.              practices listed in
                                                     Table 3 to this
                                                     subpart.
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. You have
                                                     included in your
                                                     Initial
                                                     Notification a
                                                     description of the
                                                     method selected for
                                                     complying with any
                                                     applicable work
                                                     practice standard,
                                                     as required by Sec.
                                                      63.9(b);
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. You submit a
                                                     signed statement
                                                     with the
                                                     Notification of
                                                     Compliance Status
                                                     that you have
                                                     implemented the
                                                     applicable work
                                                     practices listed in
                                                     Table 3 to this
                                                     subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    iv. You have
                                                     described in your
                                                     OM&M plan the
                                                     method for
                                                     complying with each
                                                     applicable work
                                                     practice standard
                                                     specified in Table
                                                     3 to this subpart.

[[Page 42161]]

 
2. Each basket or container   a. Control POM        i. You have
 that is used for holding      emissions from any    implemented at
 fired refractory shapes in    affected shape        least one of the
 an existing shape preheater   preheater.            work practices
 and autoclave during the                            listed in item 1 of
 pitch impregnation process.                         Table 3 to this
                                                     subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. You have
                                                     established a
                                                     system for
                                                     recording the date
                                                     and cleaning method
                                                     for each time you
                                                     clean an affected
                                                     basket or
                                                     container.
3. Each affected existing     Control POM           You have captured
 and new pitch working tank.   emissions.            and vented
                                                     emissions from the
                                                     affected pitch
                                                     working tank to the
                                                     device that is used
                                                     to control
                                                     emissions from an
                                                     affected defumer or
                                                     coking oven, or to
                                                     a thermal or
                                                     catalytic oxidizer
                                                     that is comparable
                                                     to the control
                                                     device used on an
                                                     affected defumer or
                                                     coking oven.
4. Each existing and new      Minimize fuel-based   You use natural gas,
 chromium refractory           HAP emissions.        or equivalent, as
 products kiln.                                      the kiln fuel.
5. Each existing clay         Minimize fuel-based   You use natural gas,
 refractory products kiln.     HAP emissions.        or equivalent, as
                                                     the kiln fuel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9810, you must show continuous compliance with 
the emission limits for affected sources according to the following 
table:

    Table 7 to Subpart SSSSS to Part 63.--Continuous Compliance With
                             Emission Limits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    You must demonstrate
          For . . .             For the following        continuous
                              emission limit . . .   compliance by . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each affected source       a. Each applicable    i. Collecting and
 listed in Table 1 to this     emission limit        recording the
 subpart.                      listed in Table 1     monitoring and
                               to this subpart.      process data listed
                                                     in Table 2
                                                     (operating limits)
                                                     to this subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. Reducing the
                                                     monitoring and
                                                     process data
                                                     associated with the
                                                     operating limits
                                                     specified in Table
                                                     2 to this subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Recording the
                                                     results of any
                                                     control device
                                                     inspections.
2. Each new or existing       As specified in       Satisfying the
 curing oven, shape dryer,     items 3 though 6 of   applicable
 and kiln that is used to      this table.           requirements
 process refractory products                         specified in items
 that use organic HAP; each                          3 through 6 of this
 new or existing coking oven                         table.
 and defumer that is used to
 produce pitch-impregnated
 refractory products; each
 new shape preheater that is
 used to produce pitch-
 impregnated refractory
 products; AND each new or
 existing process unit that
 is exhausted to a thermal
 or catalytic oxidizer that
 also controls emissions
 from an affected shape
 preheater or pitch working
 tank.
3. Each affected process      a. The average THC    i. Collecting the
 unit that is equipped with    concentration must    applicable data
 a thermal or catalytic        not exceed 20         measured by the
 oxidizer.                     ppmvd;                control device
                              OR..................   temperature
                              b. The average         monitoring system,
                               combustion            as specified in
                               efficiency must       items 4, 5, 7, and
                               equal or exceed       8 of Table 8 to
                               99.8 percent.         this subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. Reducing the
                                                     applicable data
                                                     measured by the
                                                     control device
                                                     temperature
                                                     monitoring system,
                                                     as specified in
                                                     items 4, 5, 7, and
                                                     8 of Table 8 to
                                                     this subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     average hourly
                                                     control device
                                                     operating
                                                     temperature at or
                                                     above the average
                                                     hourly temperature
                                                     established during
                                                     the most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F);
                                                    AND

[[Page 42162]]

 
                                                    iv. Reporting, in
                                                     accordance with
                                                     Sec.  9814(e), any
                                                     average hourly
                                                     operating
                                                     temperatures below
                                                     the control device
                                                     average hourly
                                                     operating
                                                     temperature
                                                     measured during the
                                                     most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F).
4. Each affected process      The average THC       Operating and
 unit that is equipped with    concentration must    maintaining a THC
 a control device other than   not exceed 20 ppmvd.  CEMS at the outlet
 a thermal or catalytic                              of the control
 oxidizer.                                           device or in the
                                                     stack of the
                                                     affected source,
                                                     according to the
                                                     requirements of
                                                     Procedure 1 of 40
                                                     CFR part 60,
                                                     appendix F.
5. Each affected continuous   a. The average THC    Recording the
 process unit.                 concentration must    organic HAP
                               not exceed 20         processing rate
                               ppmvd;.               (pounds per hour)
                              OR..................   AND the operating
                              b. The average         temperature of the
                               combustion            affected source, as
                               efficiency must       specified in items
                               equal or exceed       3(b) and (c) of
                               99.8 percent.         Table 4 to this
                                                     subpart.
6. Each affected batch        a. The average THC    Recording the
 process unit.                 concentration must    organic HAP
                               not exceed 20         processing rate
                               ppmvd;.               (pounds per batch);
                              OR..................   AND process cycle
                              b. The average         time for each batch
                               combustion            cycle; AND average
                               efficiency must       hourly operating
                               equal or exceed       temperature of the
                               99.8 percent.         affected source, as
                                                     specified in items
                                                     8(b) through (d) of
                                                     Table 4 to this
                                                     subpart.
7. Each new kiln that is      As specified in       Satisfying the
 used to process clay          items 8 through 10    applicable
 refractory products.          of this.              requirements
                                                     specified in items
                                                     8 through 10 of
                                                     this table.
8. Each affected kiln that    a. The average HF     i. Maintaining the
 is equipped with a DIFF or    emissions must not    average fabric
 DLS/FF.                       exceed 0.001 kg/Mg    filter inlet
                               (0.002 lb/ton) of     temperature at or
                               uncalcined clay       below the average
                               processed, OR the     temperature
                               average               established during
                               uncontrolled HF       the performance
                               emissions must be     test plus 14 deg.C
                               reduced by at least   (25 deg.F);
                               99.5 percent;        AND
                              AND.................  ii. Verifying at
                              b. the average HCl     least once each 8-
                               emissions must not    hour shift that
                               exceed 0.0025 kg/Mg   lime is free-
                               (0.005 lb/ton) of     flowing by means of
                               uncalcined clay       a visual check,
                               processed, OR the     checking the output
                               average               of a load cell,
                               uncontrolled HCl      carrier gas/lime
                               emissions must be     flow indicator, or
                               reduced by at least   carrier gas
                               98 percent.           pressure drop
                                                     measurement
                                                     systems;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Recording
                                                     feeder setting
                                                     daily to verify
                                                     that the feeder
                                                     setting is at or
                                                     above the level
                                                     established during
                                                     the most recent
                                                     performance tests;
                                                    AND
                                                    iv. Initiate
                                                     corrective action
                                                     within 1 hour of a
                                                     bag leak detection
                                                     system alarm and
                                                     complete corrective
                                                     actions the OM  M
                                                     plan; operate and
                                                     maintain the fabric
                                                     filter such that
                                                     the alarm does not
                                                     engage for more
                                                     than 5 percent of
                                                     the total operating
                                                     time in a 6-month
                                                     block reporting
                                                     period.
9. Each affected kiln that    a. The average HF     Maintaining the
 is equipped with a DLS/FF.    emissions must not    average water
                               exceed 0.001 kg/Mg    injection rate at
                               (0.002 lb/ton) of     or above the
                               uncalcined clay       average water
                               processed, OR the     injection rate
                               average               established during
                               uncontrolled HF       the most recent
                               emissions must be     performance test.
                               reduced by at least
                               99.5 percent;
                              AND.................
                              b. The average HCl
                               emissions must not
                               exceed 0.0025 kg/Mg
                               (0.005 lb/ton) of
                               uncalcined clay
                               processed, OR the
                               average
                               uncontrolled HCl
                               emissions must be
                               reduced by at least
                               98 percent.
10. Each affected kiln that   a. The average HF     Maintaining the
 is equipped with a WS.        emissions must not    pressure drop
                               exceed 0.001 kg/Mg    across the
                               (0.002 lb/ton) of     scrubber, liquid
                               uncalcined clay       pH, AND liquid flow
                               processed, OR the     rate at or above
                               average               the levels
                               uncontrolled HF       established during
                               emissions must be     the most recent
                               reduced by at least   performance test.
                               99.5 percent;
                              AND.................
                              b. The average HCl
                               emissions must not
                               exceed 0.0025 kg/Mg
                               (0.005 lb/ton) of
                               uncalcined clay
                               processed, OR the
                               average
                               uncontrolled HCl
                               emissions must be
                               reduced by at least
                               98 percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 42163]]

    As stated in Sec. 63.9810, you must show continuous compliance with 
the operating limits for affected sources according to the following 
table:

    Table 8 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Continuous Compliance With
                            Operating Limits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    You must demonstrate
          For . . .             For the following        continuous
                               operating limit . .   compliance by . . .
----------------------------------------.-------------------------------
1. Each affected source       a. Each applicable    Maintaining all
 listed in Table 2 to this     operating limit       applicable process
 subpart.                      listed in Table 2     and control device
                               to this subpart.      operating
                                                     parameters within
                                                     the limits
                                                     established during
                                                     the most recent
                                                     performance test.
                              b. Prepare and        Conducting annually
                               implement a written   an inspection of
                               OM&M plan.            all duct work,
                                                     vents, and capture
                                                     devices to verify
                                                     that no leaks exist
                                                     and that the
                                                     capture device is
                                                     operating such that
                                                     all emissions are
                                                     properly vented to
                                                     the control device
                                                     in accordance with
                                                     the OM&M plan.
2. Each new or existing       As specified in       Satisfying the
 curing oven, shape dryer,     items 3 through 8     applicable
 and kiln that is used to      of this table.        requirements
 process refractory products                         specified in items
 that use organic HAP; each                          3 through 8 of this
 new or existing coking oven                         table.
 and defumer that is used to
 produce pitch-impregnated
 refractory products; each
 new shape preheater that is
 used to produce pitch-
 impregnated refractory
 products; AND each new or
 existing process unit that
 is exhausted to a thermal
 or catalytic oxidizer that
 also controls emissions
 from an affected shape
 preheater or pitch working
 tank.
3. Each affected continuous   a. Maintain process   i. Recording the
 process unit.                 operating             organic HAP
                               parameters within     processing rate
                               the limits            (pounds per hour);
                               established during   AND
                               the performance      ii. Recording the
                               test.                 operating
                                                     temperature of the
                                                     affected source at
                                                     least hourly;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     organic HAP
                                                     processing rate at
                                                     or below the levels
                                                     established during
                                                     the most recent
                                                     performance test.
4. Continuous process units   a. Maintain the       i. Measuring and
 that are equipped with a      average hourly        recording the
 thermal oxidizer.             operating             thermal oxidizer
                               temperature in the    combustion chamber
                               thermal oxidizer      temperature at
                               combustion chamber    least every 15
                               at or above the       minutes;
                               average hourly       AND
                               operating            ii. Calculating the
                               temperature           hourly average
                               established during    thermal oxidizer
                               the most recent       combustion chamber
                               performance test.     temperature;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     thermal oxidizer
                                                     combustion chamber
                                                     temperature for
                                                     each 1-hour block
                                                     period at or above
                                                     the temperature
                                                     established during
                                                     the most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F);
                                                    AND
                                                    iv. Reporting, in
                                                     accordance with
                                                     Sec.  63.9814(e),
                                                     any temperature
                                                     measurements below
                                                     the thermal
                                                     oxidizer combustion
                                                     chamber temperature
                                                     measured during the
                                                     most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F).

[[Page 42164]]

 
5. Continuous process units   a. Maintain the       i. Measuring and
 that are equipped with a      average hourly        recording the
 catalytic oxidizer.           temperature at the    temperatures at the
                               inlet of the          inlet of the
                               catalyst bed of the   catalyst bed of the
                               oxidizer at or        oxidizer at least
                               above the             every 15 minutes;
                               corresponding        AND
                               average hourly       ii. Calculating the
                               temperature           hourly average
                               established during    temperature at the
                               the most recent       inlet of the
                               performance test.     catalyst bed of the
                                                     oxidizer;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     temperature at the
                                                     inlet of the
                                                     catalyst bed of the
                                                     oxidizer for each 1-
                                                     hour block period
                                                     at or above the
                                                     corresponding
                                                     temperature
                                                     established during
                                                     the most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F);
                                                    AND
                                                    iv. Reporting, in
                                                     accordance with
                                                     Sec.  63.9814(e),
                                                     any oxidizer
                                                     catalyst bed inlet
                                                     temperature
                                                     measurements below
                                                     the corresponding
                                                     temperatures
                                                     measured during the
                                                     most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F).
6. Each affected batch        a. Maintain process   i. Recording the
 process unit.                 operating             organic HAP
                               parameters within     processing rate
                               the limits            (pounds per batch);
                               established during   AND
                               the performance      ii. Recording the
                               test.                 average hourly
                                                     operating
                                                     temperature of the
                                                     affected source;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Recording the
                                                     process cycle time
                                                     for each batch
                                                     cycle;
                                                    AND
                                                    iv. Maintaining the
                                                     organic HAP
                                                     processing rate at
                                                     or below the level
                                                     established during
                                                     the most recent
                                                     performance test.
7. Batch process units that   a. Maintain the       i. Measuring and
 are equipped with a thermal   average hourly        recording the
 oxidizer.                     temperature in the    thermal oxidizer
                               thermal oxidizer      combustion chamber
                               combustion chamber    temperature at
                               at or above the       least every 15
                               average hourly        minutes;
                               temperature          AND
                               established for the  ii. Calculating the
                               corresponding 1-      hourly average
                               hour period of the    thermal oxidizer
                               cycle during the      combustion chamber
                               most recent           temperature;
                               performance test.    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     thermal oxidizer
                                                     combustion chamber
                                                     temperature for
                                                     each 1-hour block
                                                     period at or above
                                                     the temperature
                                                     established for the
                                                     corresponding 1-
                                                     hour period of the
                                                     cycle during the
                                                     most recent
                                                     performance test;
                                                    AND
                                                    iv. Reporting, in
                                                     accordance with
                                                     Sec.  63.9814(e),
                                                     any temperature
                                                     measurements below
                                                     the corresponding
                                                     thermal oxidizer
                                                     combustion chamber
                                                     temperature
                                                     measured during the
                                                     most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F).
8. Batch process units that   a. Maintain the       i. Measuring and
 are equipped with a           average hourly        recording the
 catalytic oxidizer.           temperature at the    temperatures at the
                               inlet of the          inlet of the
                               catalyst bed of the   catalyst bed of the
                               oxidizer at or        oxidizer at least
                               above the             every 15 minutes;
                               corresponding        AND
                               average hourly       ii. Calculating the
                               temperature           hourly average
                               established for the   temperature at the
                               corresponding 1-      inlet of the
                               hour period of the    catalyst bed of the
                               cycle during the      oxidizer;
                               most recent          AND
                               performance test.    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     temperature at the
                                                     inlet of the
                                                     catalyst bed for
                                                     each 1-hour block
                                                     period at or above
                                                     the corresponding
                                                     temperature
                                                     established for the
                                                     corresponding 1-
                                                     hour period of the
                                                     cycle during the
                                                     most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F);
                                                    AND

[[Page 42165]]

 
                                                    iv. Reporting, in
                                                     accordance with
                                                     Sec.  63.9814(e),
                                                     any oxidizer
                                                     catalyst bed inlet
                                                     temperature
                                                     measurements below
                                                     the corresponding
                                                     temperatures
                                                     measured during the
                                                     most recent
                                                     performance test
                                                     minus 14 deg.C (25
                                                     deg.F).
9. Each new kiln that is      As specified in       Satisfying the
 used to process clay          items 10 through 12   applicable
 refractory products.          of this table.        requirements
                                                     specified in items
                                                     10 through 12 of
                                                     this table.
10. Kilns that are equipped   a. Initiate           i. Initiating
 with a DIFF or DLS/FF.        corrective action     corrective action
                               within 1 hour of a    within 1 hour of a
                               bag leak detection    bag leak detection
                               system alarm and      system alarm and
                               complete corrective   completing
                               actions in            corrective actions
                               accordance with the   in accordance with
                               OM&M plan; and        the OM&M plan;
                               operate and          AND
                               maintain the fabric  ii. Operating and
                               filter such that      maintaining the
                               the alarm does not    fabric filter such
                               engage for more       that the alarm does
                               than 5 percent of     not engage for more
                               the total operating   than 5 percent of
                               time in a 6-month     the total operating
                               block reporting       time in a 6-month
                               period.               block reporting
                                                     period; in
                                                     calculating this
                                                     operating time
                                                     fraction, if
                                                     inspection of the
                                                     fabric filter
                                                     demonstrates that
                                                     no corrective
                                                     action is required,
                                                     no alarm time is
                                                     counted; if
                                                     corrective action
                                                     is required, each
                                                     alarm shall be
                                                     counted as a
                                                     minimum of 1 hour;
                                                     if you take longer
                                                     than 1 hour to
                                                     initiate corrective
                                                     action, the alarm
                                                     time shall be
                                                     counted as the
                                                     actual amount of
                                                     time taken by you
                                                     to initiate
                                                     corrective action.
                              b. Maintain the       i. Collecting the
                               average fabric        fabric filter inlet
                               filter inlet          temperature data,
                               temperature for       as specified in
                               each 3-hour block     item 16(b) of Table
                               period at or below    4 to this subpart;
                               the average          AND
                               temperature          ii. Reducing the
                               established during    fabric filter inlet
                               the performance       temperature data to
                               test plus 14 deg.C    1-hour and 3-hour
                               (25 deg.F).           block averages;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     average fabric
                                                     filter inlet
                                                     temperature for
                                                     each 3-hour block
                                                     period at or below
                                                     the average
                                                     temperature
                                                     established during
                                                     the performance
                                                     test plus 14 deg.C
                                                     (25 deg.F).
                              c. Maintain free-     i. Verifying at
                               flowing lime in the   least once each 8-
                               feed hopper or silo   hour shift that
                               at all times for      lime is free-
                               continuous            flowing via a load
                               injection systems;    cell, carrier gas/
                               and maintain feeder   lime flow
                               setting at or above   indicator, carrier
                               the level             gas pressure drop
                               established during    measurement system,
                               the performance       or other system;
                               test for continuous   recording all
                               injection systems.    monitor or sensor
                                                     output, and if lime
                                                     is found not to be
                                                     free flowing,
                                                     promptly initiating
                                                     and completing
                                                     corrective actions;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. Recording the
                                                     feeder setting once
                                                     each day of
                                                     operation to verify
                                                     that the feeder
                                                     setting is being
                                                     maintained at or
                                                     above the level
                                                     established during
                                                     the performance
                                                     test.
11. Kilns that are equipped   a. Maintain the       i. Collecting the
 with a DLS/FF.                average water         water injection
                               injection rate for    rate data, as
                               each 3-hour block     specified in item
                               period at or above    17 of Table 4 to
                               the average water     this subpart;
                               injection rate       AND
                               established during   ii. Reducing the
                               the performance       water injection
                               test.                 rate data to 1-hour
                                                     and 3-hour block
                                                     averages;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     average water
                                                     injection rate for
                                                     each 3-hour block
                                                     period at or above
                                                     the average water
                                                     injection rate
                                                     established during
                                                     the performance
                                                     test.

[[Page 42166]]

 
12. Each new kiln that is     a. Maintain the       i. Collecting the
 used to process clay          average scrubber      scrubber pressure
 refractory products and is    pressure drop for     drop data, as
 equipped with a WS.           each 3-hour block     specified in item
                               period at or above    18(a) of Table 4 to
                               the average           this subpart;
                               pressure drop        AND
                               established during   ii. Reducing the
                               the performance       scrubber pressure
                               test.                 drop data to 1-hour
                                                     and 3-hour block
                                                     averages;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     average scrubber
                                                     pressure drop for
                                                     each 3-hour block
                                                     period at or above
                                                     the average
                                                     pressure drop
                                                     established during
                                                     the performance
                                                     test.
                              b. Maintain the       i. Collecting the
                               average scrubber      scrubber liquid pH
                               liquid pH for each    data, as specified
                               3-hour block period   in item 18(b) of
                               at or above the       Table 4 to this
                               average scrubber      subpart;
                               liquid pH            AND
                               established during   ii. Reducing the
                               the performance       scrubber liquid pH
                               test.                 data to 1-hour and
                                                     3-hour block
                                                     averages;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     average scrubber
                                                     liquid pH for each
                                                     3-hour block period
                                                     at or above the
                                                     average scrubber
                                                     liquid pH
                                                     established during
                                                     the performance
                                                     test.
                              c. Maintain the       i. Collecting the
                               average scrubber      scrubber liquid
                               liquid flow rate      flow rate data, as
                               for each 3-hour       specified in item
                               block period at or    18(c) of Table 4 to
                               above the average     this subpart;
                               scrubber liquid      AND
                               flow rate            ii. Reducing the
                               established during    scrubber liquid
                               the performance       flow rate data to 1-
                               test.                 hour and 3-hour
                                                     block averages;
                                                    AND
                                                    iii. Maintaining the
                                                     average scrubber
                                                     liquid flow rate
                                                     for each 3-hour
                                                     block period at or
                                                     above the average
                                                     scrubber liquid
                                                     flow rate
                                                     established during
                                                     the performance
                                                     test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9810, you must show continuous compliance with 
the work practice standards for affected sources according to the 
following table:

  Table 9 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Continuous Compliance With Work
                           Practice Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                For the following   You must demonstrate
          For . . .               work practice          continuous
                                 standard . . .      compliance by . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each affected source       a. Each applicable    i. Performing each
 listed in Table 3 to this     work practice         applicable work
 subpart.                      requirement listed    practice standard
                               in Table 3 to this    listed in Table 3
                               subpart.              to this subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. Maintaining
                                                     records that
                                                     document the method
                                                     and frequency for
                                                     complying with each
                                                     applicable work
                                                     practice standard
                                                     listed in Table 3
                                                     to this subpart, as
                                                     required by Secs.
                                                     63.10(b) and
                                                     63.9816(c)(2).
2. Each basket or container   a. Control POM        i. Controlling
 that is used for holding      emissions from any    emissions from the
 fired refractory shapes in    affected shape        volatilization of
 an existing shape preheater   preheater.            residual pitch by
 and autoclave during the                            implementing one of
 pitch impregnation process.                         the work practices
                                                     listed in item 1 of
                                                     Table 3 to this
                                                     subpart;
                                                    AND
                                                    ii. Recording the
                                                     date and cleaning
                                                     method each time
                                                     you clean an
                                                     affected basket or
                                                     container.
3. Each existing and new      Control PM emissions  Capturing and
 pitch working tank.                                 venting emissions
                                                     from the affected
                                                     pitch working tank
                                                     to the control
                                                     device that is used
                                                     to control
                                                     emissions from an
                                                     affected defumer or
                                                     coking oven, or to
                                                     a thermal or
                                                     catalytic oxidizer
                                                     that is comparable
                                                     to the control
                                                     device used on an
                                                     affected defumer or
                                                     coking oven.
4. Each existing and new      Minimize fuel-based   Using natural gas,
 chromium refractory           HAP emissions.        or equivalent, as
 products kiln.                                      the kiln fuel.
5. Each existing clay         Minimize fuel-based   Using natural gas,
 refractory products kiln.     HAP emissions.        or equivalent, as
                                                     the kiln fuel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 42167]]

    As stated in para.63.9814, you must comply with the requirements 
for reports in the following table:

     Table 10 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Requirements for Reports
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 The report must     You must submit the
 You must submit a(n) . . .       contain . . .         report . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Compliance report........  The information in    Semiannually
                               Sec.  63.9814(a)      according to the
                               through (f).          requirements in
                                                     Sec.  63.9814(a)
                                                     through (f).
2. Immediate startup,         a. Actions taken for  By fax or telephone
 shutdown, and malfunction     the event.            within 2 working
 report if you had a                                 days after starting
 startup, shutdown, or                               actions
 malfunction during the                              inconsistent with
 reporting period that is                            the plan.
 not consistent with your
 SSMP.
                              b. The information    By letter within 7
                               in Sec.               working days after
                               63.10(d)(5)(ii).      the end of the
                                                     event unless you
                                                     have made
                                                     alternative
                                                     arrangements with
                                                     the permitting
                                                     authority.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec. 63.9818, you must comply with the applicable 
General Provisions requirements according to the following table:

           Table 11 to Subpart SSSSS of Part 63.--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart SSSSS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                            Applies to subpart
               Citation                        Subject             Brief description              SSSSS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.  63.1...........................  Applicability..........  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.2...........................  Definitions............  .......................   Yes.
Sec.  63.3...........................  Units and Abbreviations  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.4...........................  Prohibited Activities..  Compliance date;         Yes.
                                                                 circumvention,
                                                                 severability.
Sec.  63.5...........................  Construction/            Applicability;           Yes.
                                        Reconstruction.          applications;
                                                                 approvals.
Sec.  63.6(a)........................  Applicability..........  General Provisions (GP)  Yes.
                                                                 apply unless
                                                                 compliance extension;
                                                                 GP apply to area
                                                                 sources that become
                                                                 major.
Sec.  63.6(b)(1)-(4).................  Compliance Dates for     Standards apply at       Yes.
                                        New and Reconstructed    effective date; 3
                                        sources.                 years after effective
                                                                 date; Upon startup; 10
                                                                 years after
                                                                 construction or
                                                                 reconstruction
                                                                 commences for section
                                                                 112(f).
Sec.  63.6(b)(5).....................  Notification...........  .......................   Yes.
Sec.  63.6(b)(6).....................  [Reserved]
Sec.  63.6(b)(7).....................  Compliance Dates for     Area sources that        Yes.
                                        New and Reconstructed    become major must
                                        Area Sources That        comply with major
                                        Become Major.            source standards
                                                                 immediately upon
                                                                 becoming major,
                                                                 regardless of whether
                                                                 required to comply
                                                                 when they were area
                                                                 sources.
Sec.  63.6(c)(1)-(2).................  Compliance Dates for     Comply according to      Yes.
                                        Existing Sources.        date in subpart, which
                                                                 must be no later than
                                                                 3 years after
                                                                 effective date; for
                                                                 section 112(f)
                                                                 standards, comply
                                                                 within 90 days of
                                                                 effective date unless
                                                                 compliance extension.
Sec.  63.6(c)(3)-(4).................  [Reserved]
Sec.  63.6(c)(5).....................  Compliance Dates for     Area sources that        Yes.
                                        Existing Area Sources    become major must
                                        That Become Major.       comply with major
                                                                 source standards by
                                                                 date indicated in
                                                                 subpart or by
                                                                 equivalent time period
                                                                 (for example, 3 years).
Sec.  63.6(d)........................  [Reserved]
Sec.  63.6(e)(1)-(2).................  Operation & Maintenance  Operate to minimize      Yes.
                                                                 emissions at all
                                                                 times; correct
                                                                 malfunctions as soon
                                                                 as practicable;
                                                                 requirements
                                                                 independently
                                                                 enforceable;
                                                                 information
                                                                 Administrator will use
                                                                 to determine if
                                                                 operation and
                                                                 maintenance
                                                                 requirements were met.
Sec.  63.6(e)(3).....................  Startup, Shutdown, and   .......................  Yes.
                                        Malfunction Plan
                                        (SSMP).
Sec.  63.6(f)(1).....................  Compliance Except        You must comply with     Yes.
                                        During SSM.              emission standards at
                                                                 all times except
                                                                 during SSM.
Sec.  63.6(f)(2)-(3).................  Methods for Determining  Compliance based on      Yes.
                                        Compliance.              performance test,
                                                                 operation and
                                                                 maintenance plans,
                                                                 records, inspection.
Sec.  63.6(g)(1)-(3).................  Alternative Standard...  Procedures for getting   Yes.
                                                                 an alternative
                                                                 standard.
Sec.  63.6(h)(1)-(9).................  Opacity/Visible          .......................  Not applicable.
                                        Emission (VE)
                                        Standards.
Sec.  63.6(i)(1)-(14)................  Compliance Extension...  Procedures and criteria  Yes.
                                                                 for Administrator to
                                                                 grant compliance
                                                                 extension.
Sec.  63.6(j)........................  Presidential Compliance  President may exempt     Yes.
                                        Exemption.               source category.

[[Page 42168]]

 
Sec.  63.7(a)(1)-(2).................  Performance Test Dates.  Dates for conducting     Yes.
                                                                 initial performance
                                                                 testing and other
                                                                 compliance
                                                                 demonstrations; must
                                                                 conduct 180 days after
                                                                 first subject to rule.
Sec.  63.7(a)(3).....................  Sec.  114 Authority....  Administrator may        Yes.
                                                                 require a performance
                                                                 test under CAA Sec.
                                                                 114 at any time.
Sec.  63.7(b)(1).....................  Notification of          Must notify              Yes.
                                        Performance Test.        Administrator 60 days
                                                                 before the test.
Sec.  63.7(b)(2).....................  Notification of          Must notify              Yes.
                                        Rescheduling.            Administrator 5 days
                                                                 before scheduled date
                                                                 of rescheduled date.
Sec.  63.7(c)........................  Quality Assurance/Test   Requirements; test plan  Yes.
                                        Plan.                    approval procedures;
                                                                 performance audit
                                                                 requirements; internal
                                                                 and external QA
                                                                 procedures for testing.
Sec.  63.7(d)........................  Testing Facilities.....  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.7(e)(1).....................  Conditions for           Performance tests must   No, Sec.  63.9800
                                        Conducting Performance   be conducted under       specifies
                                        Tests.                   representative           requirements; Yes;
                                                                 conditions; Cannot       Yes.
                                                                 conduct performance
                                                                 tests during SSM; not
                                                                 a violation to exceed
                                                                 standard during SSM.
Sec.  63.7(e)(2).....................  Conditions for           Must conduct according   Yes.
                                        Conducting Performance   to subpart and EPA
                                        Tests.                   test methods unless
                                                                 Administrator approves
                                                                 alternatives.
Sec.  63.7(e)(3).....................  Test Run Duration......  Must have three test     Yes; Yes, except where
                                                                 runs of at least 1       specified in Sec.
                                                                 hour each; Compliance    63.9800 for batch
                                                                 is based on arithmetic   process sources of
                                                                 mean of three runs;      organic HAP; Yes.
                                                                 Conditions when data
                                                                 from an additional
                                                                 test run can be used.
Sec.  63.7(f)........................  Alternative Test Method  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.7(g)........................  Performance Test Data    .......................  Yes.
                                        Analysis.
Sec.  63.7(h)........................  Waiver of Test.........  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.8(a)(1).....................  Applicability of         .......................  Yes.
                                        Monitoring
                                        Requirements.
Sec.  63.8(a)(2).....................  Performance              Performance              Yes
                                        Specifications.          Specifications in
                                                                 appendix B of 40 CFR
                                                                 part 60 apply.
Sec.  63.8(a)(3).....................  [Reserved]
Sec.  63.8(a)(4).....................  Monitoring with Flares.  .......................  Not applicable.
Sec.  63.8(b)(1).....................  Monitoring.............  Must conduct monitoring  Yes.
                                                                 according to standard
                                                                 unless Administrator
                                                                 approves alternative.
Sec.  63.8(b)(2)-(3).................  Multiple Effluents and   Specific requirements    Yes.
                                        Multiple Monitoring      for installing and
                                        Systems.                 reporting on
                                                                 monitoring system.
Sec.  63.8(c)(1).....................  Monitoring System        Maintenance consistent   Yes.
                                        Operation and            with good air
                                        Maintenance.             pollution control
                                                                 practices.
Sec.  63.8(c)(1)(i)..................  Routine and Predictable  Reporting requirements   Yes.
                                        SSM.                     for SSM when action is
                                                                 described in SSMP.
Sec.  63.8(c)(1)(ii).................  SSM not in SSMP........  Reporting requirements   Yes.
                                                                 for SSM when action is
                                                                 not described in SSMP.
Sec.  63.8(c)(1)(iii)................  Compliance with          How Administrator        Yes.
                                        Operation and            determines if source
                                        Maintenance              complying with
                                        Requirements.            operation and
                                                                 maintenance
                                                                 requirements.
Sec.  63.8(c)(2)-(3).................  Monitoring System        Must install to get      Yes.
                                        Installation.            representative
                                                                 emission and parameter
                                                                 measurements.
Sec.  63.8(c)(4).....................  Continuous Monitoring    .......................  No, Sec.  63.9808
                                        System (CMS)                                      specifies
                                        Requirements.                                     requirements.
Sec.  63.8(c)(5).....................  COMS Minimum Procedures  .......................  Not applicable.
Sec.  63.8(c)(6).....................  CMS Requirements.......  .......................  Applies only to sources
                                                                                          required to install
                                                                                          and operate a THC
                                                                                          CEMS.
Sec.  63.8(c)(7)(i)(A)...............  CMS Requirements.......  .......................  Applies only to sources
                                                                                          required to install
                                                                                          and operate a THC
                                                                                          CEMS.
Sec.  63.8(c)(7)(i)(B)...............  CMS Requirements.......  .......................  Applies only to sources
                                                                                          required to install
                                                                                          and operate a THC
                                                                                          CEMS.
Sec.  63.8(c)(7)(i)(C)...............  CMS Requirements.......  .......................  Not applicable.
Sec.  63.8(c)(7)(ii).................  CMS Requirements.......  Corrective action        Yes.
                                                                 required when CMS is
                                                                 out of control.
Sec.  63.8(c)(8).....................  CMS Requirements.......  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.8(d)........................  CMS Quality Control....  .......................  Applies only to sources
                                                                                          required to install
                                                                                          and operate a THC
                                                                                          CEMS.

[[Page 42169]]

 
Sec.  63.8(e)........................  CMS Performance          .......................  Applies only to sources
                                        Evaluation.                                       required to install
                                                                                          and operate a THC CEMS
Sec.  63.8(f)(1)-(5).................  Alternative Monitoring   .......................  Yes.
                                        Method.
Sec.  63.8(f)(6).....................  Alternative to Relative  .......................  Yes.
                                        Accuracy Test.
Sec.  63.8(g)........................  Data Reduction.........  .......................  Not applicable.
Sec.  63.8(g)........................  Data Reduction.........  .......................  Applies only to sources
                                                                                          required to install
                                                                                          and operate THC CEMS.
Sec.  63.9(a)........................  Notification             .......................  Yes.
                                        Requirements.
Sec.  63.9(b)(1)-(5).................  Initial Notifications..  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.9(c)........................  Request for Compliance   .......................  Yes.
                                        Extension.
Sec.  63.9(d)........................  Notification of Special  .......................  Yes.
                                        Compliance
                                        Requirements for New
                                        Source.
Sec.  63.9(e)........................  Notification of          Notify Administrator 60  Yes.
                                        Performance Test.        days prior.
Sec.  63.9(f)........................  Notification of VE/      .......................  Not applicable.
                                        Opacity Test.
Sec.  63.9(g)........................  Additional               .......................  Applies only to sources
                                        Notifications When                                required to install
                                        Using CMS.                                        and operate a THC
                                                                                          CEMS.
Sec.  63.9(h)........................  Notification of          .......................  Yes.
                                        Compliance Status.
Sec.  63.9(i)........................  Adjustment of Submittal  .......................  Yes.
                                        Deadlines.
Sec.  63.9(j)........................  Change in Previous       .......................  Yes.
                                        Information.
Sec.  63.10(a).......................  Recordkeeping/Reporting  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.10(b)(1)....................  Recordkeeping/Reporting  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(i)-(iv)............  Records related to       .......................  Yes.
                                        Startup, Shutdown, and
                                        Malfunction.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(vi) and (x-xi).....  CMS Records............  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(vii)-(ix)..........  Records................  Measurements to          Yes.
                                                                 demonstrate compliance
                                                                 with emission
                                                                 limitations;
                                                                 Performance test,
                                                                 performance
                                                                 evaluation, and
                                                                 visible emission
                                                                 observation results;
                                                                 Measurements to
                                                                 determine conditions
                                                                 of performance tests
                                                                 and performance
                                                                 evaluations.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xii)...............  Records................  Records when under       Yes.
                                                                 waiver.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xiii)..............  Records................  Records when using       Not applicable.
                                                                 alternative to
                                                                 relative accuracy test.
Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xiv)...............  Records................  All documentation        Yes.
                                                                 supporting Initial
                                                                 Notification and
                                                                 Notification of
                                                                 Compliance Status.
Sec.  63.10(b)(3)....................  Records................  Applicability            Yes.
                                                                 Determinations.
Sec.  63.10(c)(1)-(6), (9)-(15)......  Records................  Additional Records for   Not applicable.
                                                                 CMS.
Sec.  63.10(c)(7)-(8)................  Records................  Records of excess        No, Sec.  63.9816
                                                                 emissions and            specifies
                                                                 parameter monitoring     requirements.
                                                                 exceedances for CMS.
Sec.  63.10(d)(1)....................  General Reporting        Requirements for         Yes.
                                        Requirements.            reporting.
Sec.  63.10(d)(2)....................  Report of Performance    When to submit to        Yes.
                                        Test Results.            Federal or State
                                                                 authority.
Sec.  63.10(d)(3)....................  Reporting Opacity or VE  .......................  Not applicable.
                                        Observations.
Sec.  63.10(d)(4)....................  Progress Reports.......  Must submit progress     Yes.
                                                                 reports on schedule if
                                                                 under compliance
                                                                 extension.
Sec.  63.10(d)(5)....................  Startup, Shutdown, and   Contents and             Yes.
                                        Malfunction Reports..    submission..
Sec.  63.10(e)(1)-(2)................  Additional CMS Reports.  .......................  Applies only to sources
                                                                                          required to install
                                                                                          and operate a THC
                                                                                          CEMS.
Sec.  63.10(e)(3)....................  Reports................  .......................  No, Sec.  63.9814
                                                                                          specifies
                                                                                          requirements.
Sec.  63.10(e)(4)....................  Reporting COMS data....  .......................  Not applicable.
Sec.  63.10(f).......................  Waiver for               .......................  Yes.
                                        Recordkeeping/
                                        Reporting.
Sec.  63.11..........................  Flares.................  .......................  Not applicable.
Sec.  63.12..........................  Delegation.............  .......................  Yes.
Sec.  63.13..........................  Addresses..............  .......................  Yes.

[[Page 42170]]

 
Sec.  63.14..........................  Incorporation by         .......................  Yes.
                                        Reference.
Sec.  63.15..........................  Availability of          .......................  Yes.
                                        Information.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 02-13979 Filed 6-19-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P