[Federal Register Volume 67, Number 114 (Thursday, June 13, 2002)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 40657-40679]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 02-14963]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 17


Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Species 
That Are Candidates or Proposed for Listing as Endangered or 
Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Recycled Petitions; Annual 
Description of Progress on Listing Actions

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Notice of review.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: In this candidate notice of review (CNOR), we, the U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service (Service), present an updated list of plant and 
animal species native to the United States that we regard as candidates 
or have proposed for addition to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened 
Wildlife and Plants under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as 
amended. Identification of candidate species can assist environmental 
planning efforts by providing advance notice of potential listings, 
allowing resource managers to alleviate threats and thereby possibly 
remove the need to list species as endangered or threatened. Even if we 
subsequently list a candidate species, the early notice provided here 
could result in fewer restrictions on activities by prompting candidate 
conservation measures to alleviate threats to the species.
    We request additional status information that may be available for 
the identified candidate species and information on species that we 
should include as candidates in future updates of this list. We will 
consider this information in preparing listing documents and future 
revisions to the notice of review. This information will help us in 
monitoring changes in the status of candidate species and in conserving 
candidate species.
    We announce the availability of Candidate and Listing Priority 
Assignment Forms (candidate forms) for each candidate species. These 
documents describe the status and threats that we evaluated in order to 
assign a listing priority number to each species. We also announce our 
findings on recycled petitions and describe our progress in revising 
the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants during the 
period October 30, 2001 to May 30, 2002.

DATES: We will accept comments on the candidate notice of review at any 
time.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments regarding a particular species to the 
Regional Director of the Region identified in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 
as having the lead responsibility for that species. You may submit 
comments of a more general nature to the Chief, Division of 
Conservation and Classification, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 
N. Fairfax Drive, Room 420, Arlington, VA 22203 (703/358-2171). Written 
comments and materials received in response to this notice will be 
available for public inspection by appointment at the Division of 
Conservation and Classification (for comments of a general nature only) 
or at the appropriate Regional Office listed in SUPPLEMENTARY 
INFORMATION.
    Information regarding the range, status, and habitat needs of and 
listing priority assignment for a particular species is available for 
review at the appropriate Regional Office listed below in SUPPLEMENTARY 
INFORMATION, at the Division of Conservation and Classification, 
Arlington, Virginia (see address above), or on our internet

[[Page 40658]]

website (http://www.endangered.fws.gov).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: The Endangered Species Coordinator(s) 
in the appropriate Regional Office(s) or Chris Nolin, Chief, Division 
of Conservation and Classification (703/358-2171).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Candidate Notice of Review

Background

    The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et 
seq.) (Act), requires that we identify species of wildlife and plants 
that are endangered or threatened, based on the best available 
scientific and commercial information. Through the Federal rulemaking 
process, we add these species to the List of Endangered and Threatened 
Wildlife at 50 CFR 17.11 or the List of Endangered and Threatened 
Plants at 50 CFR 17.12. As part of this program, we maintain a list of 
species that we regard as candidates for listing. A candidate is one 
for which we have on file sufficient information on biological 
vulnerability and threats to support a proposal to list as endangered 
or threatened but for which preparation and publication of a proposal 
is precluded by higher-priority listing actions. We maintain this list 
for a variety of reasons, including: to notify the public that these 
species are facing threat to their survival; to provide advance 
knowledge of potential listings that could affect decisions of 
environmental planners and developers; to solicit input from interested 
parties to identify those candidate species that may not require 
protection under the Act or additional species that may require the 
Act's protections; and to solicit information needed to prioritize the 
order in which we will propose species for listing.
    Table 1 of this notice includes 260 species that we regard as 
candidates for addition to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened 
Wildlife and Plants (Lists), as well as 39 species for which we have 
published proposed rules to list as threatened or endangered species, 
most of which we identified as candidates in the October 30, 2001, 
Candidate Notice of Review (66 FR 54808). We encourage consideration of 
these species in environmental planning, such as in environmental 
impact analysis under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 
(implemented at 40 CFR parts 1500-1508) and in local and statewide land 
use planning. Table 2 of this notice contains eight species we 
identified as candidates or as proposed species in the October 30, 
2001, Candidate Notice of Review that we now no longer consider 
candidates. This includes six species we listed as threatened or 
endangered since October 30, 2001, and two species we removed as 
candidates through this notice. The Regional Offices identified as 
having lead responsibility for the particular species will continually 
revise and update the information on candidate species. We intend to 
publish an updated combined notice of review for animals and plants, 
including our findings on recycled petitions and a description of our 
progress on listing actions, annually in the Federal Register.

Previous Notices of Review

    The Act directed the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution to 
prepare a report on endangered and threatened plant species, which was 
published as House Document No. 94-51. We published a notice in the 
Federal Register on July 1, 1975 (40 FR 27823), in which we announced 
that we would review more than 3,000 native plant species named in the 
Smithsonian's report and other species added by the 1975 notice for 
possible addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Plants. A 
new comprehensive notice of review for native plants, which took into 
account the earlier Smithsonian report and other accumulated 
information, superseded the 1975 notice on December 15, 1980 (45 FR 
82479). On November 28, 1983 (48 FR 53640), a supplemental plant notice 
of review noted changes in the status of various species. We published 
complete updates of the plant notice on September 27, 1985 (50 FR 
39526), February 21, 1990 (55 FR 6184), September 30, 1993 (58 FR 
51144), and, as part of combined animal and plant notices, on February 
28, 1996 (61 FR 7596), September 19, 1997 (62 FR 49398), October 25, 
1999 (64 FR 57534), and October 30, 2001 (66 FR 54808). On January 8, 
2001 (66 FR 1295), we published our recycled petition finding for one 
plant species that had an outstanding warranted but precluded finding.
    Previous animal notices of review included a number of the animal 
species in the accompanying Table 1. We published earlier comprehensive 
reviews for vertebrate animals in the Federal Register on December 30, 
1982 (47 FR 58454), and on September 18, 1985 (50 FR 37958). We 
published an initial comprehensive review for invertebrate animals on 
May 22, 1984 (49 FR 21664). We published a combined animal notice of 
review on January 6, 1989 (54 FR 554), and with minor corrections on 
August 10, 1989 (54 FR 32833). We again published comprehensive animal 
notices on November 21, 1991 (56 FR 58804), November 15, 1994 (59 FR 
58982), and, as part of combined animal and plant notices, on February 
28, 1996 (61 FR 7596), September 19, 1997 (62 FR 49398), October 25, 
1999 (64 FR 57534), and October 30, 2001 (66 FR 54808). On January 8, 
2001 (66 FR 1295), we published our recycled petition findings for 25 
animal species that had outstanding warranted but precluded findings as 
well as notice of 1 candidate removal. This revised notice supersedes 
all previous animal, plant, and combined notices of review.

Current Notice of Review

    We gather data on plants and animals native to the United States 
that appear to merit consideration for addition to the Lists of 
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. This notice identifies 
those species that we currently regard as candidates for addition to 
the Lists. These species include, by definition, biological species; 
subspecies of fish, wildlife, or plants; and distinct population 
segments (DPSs) of vertebrate animals. In issuing this compilation, we 
rely on information from status surveys conducted for candidate 
assessment and on information from State Natural Heritage Programs, 
other State and Federal agencies (such as the Forest Service and the 
Bureau of Land Management), knowledgeable scientists, public and 
private natural resource interests, and comments received in response 
to previous notices of review.
    Tables 1 and 2 are arranged alphabetically by common names under 
the major group headings for animals first, then alphabetically by 
names of genera, species, and relevant subspecies and varieties for 
plants. Animals are grouped by class or order. Plants are subdivided 
into three groups: flowering plants, conifers and cycads, and ferns and 
their allies. Useful synonyms and subgeneric scientific names appear in 
parentheses with the synonyms preceded by an equals sign. Several 
species that have not yet been formally described in the scientific 
literature are included; such species are identified by a generic or 
specific name (in italics) followed by ``sp.'' or ``ssp.'' We 
incorporate standardized common names in these notices as they become 
available. We sorted plants by scientific name due to the 
inconsistencies in common names, the inclusion of vernacular and 
composite subspecific names, and the fact that many plants still lack a 
standardized common name.
    Table 1 lists all species that we regard as candidates for listing 
and all species

[[Page 40659]]

proposed for listing under the Act. We emphasize that we are not 
proposing these candidate species for listing by this notice, but we 
anticipate developing and publishing proposed listing rules for these 
species in the future. We encourage State agencies, other Federal 
agencies, and other parties to give consideration to these species in 
environmental planning.
    Species in Table 1 of this notice are assigned to several status 
categories, noted in the ``Category'' column at the left side of the 
table. We explain the codes for the category status column of species 
in Table 1 below:

PE--Species proposed for listing as endangered. Proposed species are 
those species for which we have published a proposed rule to list as 
endangered or threatened in the Federal Register (exclusive of species 
for which we have withdrawn or finalized the proposed rule).
PT--Species proposed for listing as threatened.
C--Candidates: Species for which we have on file sufficient information 
on biological vulnerability and threats to support proposals to list 
them as endangered or threatened. Issuance of proposed rules for these 
species is precluded at present by other higher priority listing 
actions. This category includes species for which we made a ``warranted 
but precluded'' 12-month finding on a petition to list. We made new 
findings on all petitions for which we previously made ``warranted but 
precluded'' findings. We identify the species for which we made a 
continued ``warranted but precluded'' finding on a recycled petition by 
the code ``C*'' in the category column (see Findings on Recycled 
Petitions section for additional information).

    The column labeled ``Priority'' indicates the listing priority 
number (LPN) for each candidate species that we use to determine the 
most appropriate use of our available resources, with low numbers 
having the highest priority. We assign this number based on the 
immediacy and magnitude of threats as well as on taxonomic status. We 
published a complete description of our listing priority system in the 
Federal Register on September 21, 1983 (48 FR 43098).
    The third column identifies the Regional Office to which you should 
direct comments or questions (see addresses at the end of the 
Supplementary Information section). We provided the comments received 
in response to the 1999 notice of review to the Region having lead 
responsibility for each candidate species mentioned in the comment. We 
will likewise consider all information provided in response to this 
notice of review in deciding whether to propose species for listing and 
when to undertake necessary listing actions. Comments received will 
become part of the administrative record for the species, which is 
maintained at the appropriate Regional Office.
    Following the scientific name (fourth column) and the family 
designation (fifth column) is the common name (sixth column). The 
seventh column provides the known historical range for the species or 
vertebrate population (for vertebrate populations, this is the 
historical range for the entire species or subspecies and not just the 
historical range for the distinct population segment), indicated by 
postal code abbreviations for States and U.S. territories. Many species 
no longer occur in all of the areas listed.
    Species in Table 2 of this notice are species we included either as 
proposed species or as candidates in the 2001 notice of review. Since 
the 2001 CNOR, we added six of these species to the Lists of Endangered 
and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. We removed the other two species 
from candidate status for the reasons as indicated by the codes. The 
first column indicates the present status of the species, using the 
following codes:

E--Species we listed as endangered.
T--Species we listed as threatened.
Rc--Species we removed from the candidate list because currently 
available information does not support a proposed listing.

Rp--Species we removed from the candidate list because we have 
withdrawn the proposed listing.

    The second column indicates why we no longer regard the species as 
a candidate or proposed species using the following codes:

A--Species that are more abundant or widespread than previously 
believed and species that are not subject to the degree of threats 
sufficient to warrant continuing candidate status, or issuing a 
proposed or final listing. The reduction in threats could be due, in 
part, or entirely, to actions taken under a conservation agreement.
F--Species whose range no longer includes a U.S. territory.
I--Species for which we have insufficient information on biological 
vulnerability and threats to support issuance of a proposed rule to 
list.
L--Species we added to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife 
and Plants.
M--Species we mistakenly included as candidates or proposed species in 
the last notice of review.
N--Species that are not listable entities based on the Act's definition 
of ``species'' and current taxonomic understanding.
X--Species we believe to be extinct.

    The columns describing lead region, scientific name, family, common 
name, and historic range include information as previously described 
for Table 1.

Summary

    Since publication of the 2001 notice of review, we reviewed the 
available information on candidate species to ensure that a proposed 
listing is justified for each species and to reevaluate the relative 
listing priority assignment of each species. We also evaluated whether 
we should emergency list any of these species, particularly species 
with high priorities (i.e., species with LPNs of 1, 2, or 3). We 
undertook this effort to ensure we focus conservation efforts on those 
species at greatest risk. As of May 30, 2002, 7 plants and 27 animals 
are proposed for endangered status; 5 animals are proposed for 
threatened status (one is proposed due to similarity in appearance); 
and 141 plant and 119 animal candidates are awaiting preparation of 
proposed rules (see Table 1). Table 2 includes 8 species that we 
previously classified as either proposed for listing or candidates that 
we no longer classify in those categories.

Summary of New Candidates

    Below we present brief summaries of new candidates. Complete 
information, including references, can be found in the candidate forms. 
You may obtain a copy of these forms from the Regional office that has 
the lead for the species or from our internet website (http://endangered.fws.gov).

Amphibians

    Relict leopard frog (Rana onca)--The relict leopard frog is a 
medium-sized brownish grey frog in the family Ranidae. Considered 
extinct since the 1950s, the species was rediscovered in 1991. Its 
current distribution is limited to 5 sites within 2 general areas in 
Nevada, although historical records exist at more than 12 sites along 
the Virgin and Colorado Rivers in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. Since its 
rediscovery, 2 of the 5 sites have been extirpated. Primary threats 
include decreased water availability due to dam construction for power 
management, conversion of wetland habitat to agriculture and 
urbanization, introduction of predatory game fishes,

[[Page 40660]]

and habitat degradation through recreational use. Currently, State and 
local regulations have been insufficient to protect the relict leopard 
frog and its habitat. We have determined that, although the threats are 
of high magnitude, they are nonimminent; therefore, we assigned a 
listing priority number of 5 to this species.
    Austin blind salamander (Eurycea waterlooensis)--The Austin blind 
salamander is a small aquatic salamander approximately 6.4 centimeters 
(cm) (2.5 inches (in)) in length. The species lacks external eyes, has 
permanent external gills, a narrow head, and an extended snout. The 
Austin blind salamander is known from three spring outlets in Travis 
County, Texas. The species is believed to spend most of its life cycle 
underground, living in the Edwards Aquifer. Primary threats include 
degradation of water quality and quantity due to urbanization. Water 
quality data reflect a long-term trend of water quality degradation 
within Austin blind salamander habitat over the past 25 years. 
Currently no State or Federal regulations provide protection for this 
salamander. Due to imminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned a 
listing priority number of 2 to this species.
    California tiger salamander, Sonoma County DPS (Ambystoma 
californiense)--The California tiger salamander is a large, stocky, 
terrestrial salamander with a broad, rounded snout and is restricted to 
grasslands and lower foothill regions of California. The Sonoma County 
population of the California tiger salamander is presumed to have 
historically occurred in suitable habitat throughout the Santa Rosa 
Plain in Sonoma County in the North Bay Area. The Sonoma County 
population of the California tiger salamander has been extirpated from 
much of its historic range and is limited in its remaining habitat. All 
breeding sites, including those located in preserves, are currently 
affected by urban impacts (mostly housing developments) within 1 
kilometer of the breeding pool location. One breeding site is affected 
by agricultural impacts such as discing, orchards, and vineyard 
conversion. Vandalism, collecting, harassment, and killing are serious 
threats to the species, given the fact that virtually every remaining 
population is surrounded by or adjacent to residential development. 
Predation is a significant problem for the Sonoma County California 
tiger salamander population. Introduced bullfrogs and fish, such as 
mosquito fish, that feed on the eggs and larvae inhabit many pools that 
hold water all year. This effectively eliminates the Sonoma County 
California tiger salamander from pools that otherwise would be valuable 
breeding grounds. Domestic dogs and cats from urbanized areas may harm 
migrating Sonoma County California tiger salamanders. Several other 
factors may have an adverse impact on the Sonoma County California 
tiger salamanders including increased traffic. Increased vehicular 
traffic results in direct mortality, as well as indirect mortality by 
pollution through car emissions which reduces the number of 
invertebrates found in pools, a food source for California tiger 
salamanders. Other contaminants, rodent control, and use of water from 
breeding ponds for irrigation and flood control may also adversely 
affect Sonoma County California tiger salamanders. Existing regulations 
are inadequate to protect the Sonoma County California tiger 
salamander. For example, protection offered by the Clean Water Act 
extends only to the pool itself with a small upland buffer. This is 
insufficient to protect most adult California tiger salamanders, which 
spend the majority of their life cycle in upland habitats that extend 
well beyond the upland boundary. Since Sonoma County California tiger 
salamanders spend up to 80 percent of their life in small mammal 
burrows in upland habitats surrounding breeding pools, the protection 
of the pool itself, with concurrent loss of uplands surrounding the 
pool, would still result in the loss of local Sonoma County California 
tiger salamanders. The Sonoma County California tiger salamander is a 
species of special concern under the California Endangered Species Act 
(CEQA), which requires a full disclosure of the potential environmental 
impacts of proposed projects. However, protection of listed species 
through CEQA is dependent upon the discretion of the agency involved in 
the project, and projects may be approved that cause significant 
environmental damage, such as destruction of listed endangered species 
and/or their habitat. Based on imminent threats of a high magnitude, we 
assigned a listing priority number of 3 to this DPS.
    Salado salamander (Eurycea chisholmensis)--The Salado salamander is 
a small aquatic salamander approximately 5 cm (2 in) in length. The 
species is known from two spring sites fed by the Edwards Aquifer near 
Salado in Bell County, Texas. Primary threats include degradation of 
water quality and quantity due to urbanization. Several spills of 
gasoline and petroleum in the local area have likely resulted in 
groundwater contamination that affects the species. Currently no State 
or Federal regulation provides protection for this salamander. Due to 
imminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned a listing priority 
number of 2 to this species.

Fish

    Chucky madtom (Noturus sp.cf. Noturus elegans)--The chucky madtom 
is currently restricted to two sites in Little Chucky Creek in Greene 
County, Tennessee. Preliminary genetic analyses have indicated that the 
chucky madtom is a unique species; scientists are currently completing 
a formal description that will result in the taxon becoming a distinct 
species. Historically, this species was previously collected from Dunn 
Creek, a stream that is in a different watershed and physiographic 
province than Little Chucky Creek, so it is likely that the historic 
range of the chucky madtom encompassed a wider area in the Ridge and 
Valley and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces in Tennessee than is 
demonstrated by its current distribution. Since this species is only 
known to occur in one stream, it is vulnerable to random catastrophic 
events that may extirpate it. The chucky madtom is a bottom-dwelling 
species and is susceptible to sedimentation and other pollutants that 
degrade or eliminate habitat and food sources. The majority of the 
Little Chucky Creek watershed is privately owned and managed for beef 
cattle production, tobacco cultivation, and row crops, especially corn 
and soybeans. Therefore, nonpoint source sediment and agrochemical 
inputs into Little Chucky Creek from local agricultural and other 
sources can adversely affect the chucky madtom by altering the physical 
characteristics of its habitat. Such alterations would impede its 
ability to feed, seek shelter from predators, and successfully 
reproduce. The Dunn Creek watershed shares some of these same 
agricultural pressures, and these will continue to threaten the species 
if it still occurs there. Additional threats within the Dunn Creek 
watershed also include residential development and associated new 
infrastructure (e.g., roads, utilities, etc.) that contribute sediment 
and other pollutants to the stream or alter riparian areas. Overall, we 
believe that the potential demographic effects of inbreeding, limited 
species distribution, and low number of individuals pose the most 
significant threats to the chucky madtom. Although the chucky madtom 
was listed as endangered by the State of Tennessee, this listing only 
requires collectors of this species to have a State collection permit 
and does not provide

[[Page 40661]]

adequate protection to this species. Because the threats to the chucky 
madtom are of a high magnitude and imminent, we assigned this species a 
listing priority number of 2.
    Grotto sculpin (Cottus sp., sp. nov.)--The Grotto sculpin is a 
small fish within the banded sculpin taxonomic complex that exhibits 
cave-adapted features, including nearly nonfunctional eyes, reduced 
skin pigmentation, and smaller optic nerves. The species inhabits pools 
and riffles within cave systems in two karst (cave) areas in Perry 
County, Missouri. Only a few thousand individuals are thought to exist. 
The species is threatened by water quality contamination as a result of 
point and nonpoint pollution sources. A large die-off of all Grotto 
sculpins in one of the five known occupied cave systems known to have 
the species was likely a result of pollution. The species is also 
threatened by predatory fish that likely prey upon Grotto sculpin, 
which are known from all locations occupied by the species. Currently 
no State or Federal regulations provide protection for the Grotto 
sculpin. Due to imminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned a 
listing priority number of 2 to this species.
    Rush darter (Etheostoma phytophilum)--The rush darter, a medium-
sized darter (40 millimeters (mm) (2 in)), is currently known to have 
one of the most restricted distributions of any vertebrate in Alabama. 
Historically, rush darters have been found in three distinct 
watersheds, but currently there are only two known populations. One 
population is located in Wildcat Branch and Mill Creek in the Clear 
Creek drainage in Winston County, and the second is located in an 
unnamed spring run to Beaver Creek and in Penny Springs in the Turkey 
Creek drainage in Jefferson County. The rush darter is vulnerable to 
nonpoint source pollution, urbanization, and changes in stream 
geomorphology due to its localized distribution in parts of two 
unconnected stream drainages and its apparent low population sizes. The 
rush darter's range is close to metropolitan Birmingham, Alabama, an 
area in which all of the activities listed above are occurring, so 
impacts from these activities on the rush darter and its habitat have 
occurred and are very likely to continue to occur. The disjunct 
distribution of the rush darter makes their populations vulnerable to 
extirpation from catastrophic events, such as toxic spills or changes 
in flow regimes. Currently no State or Federal regulations provide 
protection for the rush darter. Based on nonimminent threats of a high 
magnitude, we assigned a listing priority number of 5 to this species.
    Sharpnose shiner (Notropis oxyrhynchus)--The sharpnose shiner is a 
small, slender minnow, endemic to the Brazos River Basin in Texas. 
Historically, the sharpnose shiner existed throughout the Brazos River 
and several of its major tributaries within the watershed. Current 
information indicates that the population within the Upper Brazos River 
drainage (upstream of Possum Kingdom Reservoir) is apparently stable, 
while the population within the Middle and Lower Brazos River Basins 
may only exist in remnant areas of suitable habitat, or may be 
completely extirpated, representing a reduction of approximately 64 
percent of its historical range. The most significant threat to the 
existence of the sharpnose shiner is the present and continued 
modification of its habitat by reservoir construction, irrigation and 
water diversion, sedimentation, industrial and municipal discharges, 
and agricultural activities. The current limited distribution of the 
sharpnose shiner within the Upper Brazos River Basin makes it 
vulnerable to catastrophic events such as the introduction of 
competitive species or prolonged drought. Other possible threats 
include toxins released by blooms of golden algae, and sand and gravel 
operations in the Lower Brazos River. The effects of these last two 
possible threats may be insignificant, but further information is 
necessary. State law does not provide protection for the sharpnose 
shiner. Because these threats are nonimminent but of a high magnitude, 
we assigned a listing priority number of 5 to this species.
    Smalleye shiner (Notropis buccula)--The smalleye shiner is a small, 
pallid minnow endemic to the Brazos River Basin in Texas. The 
population of smalleye shiners within the Upper Brazos River drainage 
(upstream of Possum Kingdom Reservoir) is apparently stable. However, 
the shiner has not been collected since 1976 downstream from the 
reservoir, and in all likelihood the species is completely extirpated 
from this area representing a reduction of approximately 64 percent of 
its historical range. The most significant threat to the existence of 
the smalleye shiner is the present and continued modification of its 
habitat by reservoir construction, irrigation and water diversion, 
sedimentation, industrial and municipal discharges, and agricultural 
activities. The current limited distribution of the smalleye shiner 
within the Upper Brazos River Basin makes it vulnerable to catastrophic 
events such as introduction of competitive species or prolonged 
drought. State law does not provide protection for the smalleye shiner. 
Because these threats are high but nonimminent, we assigned a listing 
priority number of 5 to this species.

Clams

    Altamaha spinymussel (Elliptio spinosa)--The Altamaha spinymussel 
is a freshwater mussel endemic to the Altamaha River drainage of 
southeastern Georgia. Individuals are medium to large in size, 
greenish-yellow to deep brown in color, and have one to five prominent 
spines on the shells. Historically known from four rivers, the Altamaha 
spinymussel appears to remain in two of these in greatly reduced 
numbers. The species is threatened throughout its range by 
sedimentation and contamination of waterways. One population is 
additionally threatened by the proposed expansion of a nuclear power 
plant, which may result in habitat alteration from changes in stream 
channel morphology, and in heat stress to individuals and populations, 
algal blooms, and oxygen depletion as a result of thermal discharges 
during low water conditions. We have determined that, although the 
threats are of high magnitude, they are nonimminent; therefore, we 
assigned a listing priority number of 5 to this species.

Snails

    Elongate mud meadows pyrg (Pyrgulopsis notidicola)--The elongate 
mud meadows pyrg is a small freshwater springsnail found only in a 300 
meter (984 foot) stretch of a single thermal spring and associated 
outflow in Humboldt County, Nevada. The primary threat to the species 
is alteration and degradation of its habitat by recreational users that 
come to the spring to bathe. Visitor use of this area has increased 
substantially over the past decade due to increased awareness of the 
site and the recent designation of it as a national conservation area. 
Although the land is owned and managed by the Bureau of Land 
Management, the remote nature of the site has made it difficult to 
manage visitor use, implement conservation actions, and enforce 
regulations. Due to imminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned a 
listing priority number of 2 to this species.

Insects

    Dakota skipper (Hesperia dacotae)--The Dakota skipper is a small-to 
mid-sized butterfly that inhabits high-quality tallgrass and mixed 
grass prairie in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota,

[[Page 40662]]

and the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada. The species 
appears to have been extirpated from Iowa and Illinois, as well as many 
sites within States with extant locations. The species is threatened by 
the large-scale conversion of native prairie to agricultural purposes, 
as well as fire management, grazing, plant invasion, and fragmentation 
of habitat leading to local extirpations. Although the species is 
listed as threatened by the State of Minnesota, this designation lacks 
the habitat protections needed for long-term conservation. The species 
is listed as endangered by the province of Manitoba. However, the 
protections in Manitoba are not sufficient to remove the threats to the 
species. Due to efforts that have been made to preserve habitat through 
conservation easements at some of the known locations, the threats to 
the species are low to moderate and nonimminent. Therefore, we assigned 
a listing priority number of 11 to the species.
    Stephan's riffle beetle (Heterelmis stephani)--Stephan's riffle 
beetle is found only in limited spring environments within the Santa 
Rita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona. Based on relatively intensive 
surveys of the surrounding area, the entire range of this species is 
believed to be confined to Madera Canyon where it lives in shallow 
streams, rapids, or other comparable water situations. The springs 
where Stephan's riffle beetle is known to occur no longer exist in 
their natural condition; all have been boxed, capped, or channeled into 
pipes. The loss of habitat at the type locality (location where the 
species was first described) has eliminated what was likely a 
significant population of this species. In the absence of public 
education, recreationists that use the springs may unwittingly degrade 
habitat by introducing chemicals or allowing pets into the springs. 
Additionally, endemic spring-dependent organisms whose populations 
exhibit a high degree of geographic isolation, like Stephan's riffle 
beetle, are extremely susceptible to random extinction resulting from 
catastrophic natural disasters such as fires, floods, or changes in 
spring water chemistry. Currently, no State or local government 
programs exist that address the conservation of rare and imperiled 
insects such as this beetle. Based on nonimminent threats of a high 
magnitude, we assigned a listing priority number of 5 to this species.

Flowering Plants

    Calochortus persistens (Siskiyou mariposa lily)--Calochortus 
persistens is a narrow endemic that is restricted to two disjunct ridge 
tops in the Klamath-Siskiyou Range, on the California-Oregon border. In 
California, this species is currently found at nine separate sites on 
approximately 10 hectares (ha) (24.7 acres (ac)) of Klamath National 
Forest and privately owned lands that stretch for 6 kilometers (km) 
(3.7 miles (mi)) along the Gunsight-Humbug Ridge. The Oregon population 
was described in 1998 as five plants in an area of a few square feet, 
but no plants have been seen at this site for the past 2 years. Major 
threats include fire suppression resulting in shading; competition by 
native and nonnative species; increased fuel loading; fragmentation by 
roads, fire breaks, tree plantations, and radio-tower facilities; 
maintenance and construction around radio towers and telephone relay 
stations located on Gunsight Peak and Mahogany Point; and soil 
disturbance and exotic weed and grass species introduction as a result 
of heavy recreational use. Isatis tinctoria (dyer's woad), a plant 
thought to prevent C. persistens seedling establishment, is now found 
throughout the California population, affecting 90 percent of the known 
lily habitat. Forest Service staff and the Klamath-Siskiyou Wildlands 
Center cite competition with dyer's woad as a significant and chronic 
threat to the survival of C. persistens. Unpublished data show that 
there has been no successful reproduction of C. persistens in the last 
5 years. The combination of restricted range, apparent loss of one of 
two disjunct populations, poor competitive ability, short seed 
dispersal distance, slow growth rates, extremely low or absent seed 
production, and competition from exotic plants threaten the continued 
existence of this species. Due to imminent threats of a high magnitude, 
we assigned a listing priority number of 2 to this species.
    Ivesia webberi (Webber ivesia)--Ivesia webberi is a low, spreading, 
perennial herb that occurs very infrequently in Lassen, Plumas, and 
Sierra Counties in California, and in Douglas and Washoe Counties, 
Nevada. The 15 currently known occurrences are clustered in seven 
general locations covering about 75 hectares (ha) (185 acres (ac)). The 
species occurs in immediate proximity to rapidly growing urban areas in 
the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and in the western Great Basin near 
Reno, Nevada. Threats to I. webberi generally include urban 
development, authorized and unauthorized roads, off-road vehicle 
activities and other dispersed recreation, livestock grazing and 
trampling, fire and fire suppression activities including fuels 
reduction and prescribed fires, and displacement by noxious weeds. 
Evidence of impacts from these types of uses has been documented at the 
majority of I. webberi populations. The Bureau of Land Management 
classifies I. webberi as a sensitive species; however, no specific 
management guidelines to ensure the conservation of this species are 
currently being implemented. Ivesia webberi is designated as threatened 
by the Nevada Native Plant Society, and participants of the 2000 Nevada 
Rare Plant Workshop recommended that the State of Nevada consider the 
species for listing as critically endangered under Nevada Revised 
Statutes (NRS) 527.270 et seq. If the species were to be listed under 
the NRS, permits for the disturbance of habitat or taking of 
individuals would have to be obtained from the Nevada Division of 
Forestry. The adequacy of this law depends greatly on informed and 
cooperative landowners and land managers or some form of deterrent 
enforcement, which the current NRS do not articulate. This plant is on 
the California Native Plant Society's (CNPS) 1B list (plants considered 
rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere), which 
meets the definitions under the Native Plant Protection Act and the 
California Endangered Species Act and is eligible for State listing. 
Plants on the CNPS 1B list must be fully considered during the 
environmental documentation process under the California Environmental 
Quality Act (CEQA). However, CEQA only requires disclosure of a 
project's impacts on the species; it does not provide protective 
management for I. webberi. Because these threats are high in magnitude 
but nonimminent, we assigned a listing priority number of 5 to this 
species.
    Potentilla basaltica (Soldier Meadows cinquefoil or basalt 
cinquefoil)--Potentilla basaltica is a low-growing, herbaceous 
perennial known only from Soldier Meadow in Humboldt County, Nevada, 
and Ash Valley in Lassen County, California. It is restricted to moist 
meadows and seeps and their margins in alkaline, sandy soils between 
1,320 and 1,555 meters (m) (4,330 and 5,100 feet (ft)) elevation. In 
general, populations of P. basaltica are distant from urban centers; 
however, these areas are popular for recreation and are often affected 
by livestock grazing. While all of the occurrences of P. basaltica are 
currently presumed extant, all are being severely affected by land uses 
within and around Ash Valley in California and the Black Rock region in 
Nevada. Various direct impacts to P.

[[Page 40663]]

basaltica populations and habitat have occurred in past years and 
continue to affect the species, including channelizing spring outflow 
for livestock and recreational uses; trampling by livestock; 
degradation or elimination of habitat for agriculture, livestock 
grazing, and recreational uses; development of hot springs and camping 
areas; roads and off-highway vehicle activity; geothermal exploration; 
and introduction of invasive, nonnative species. The Bureau of Land 
Management classifies P. basaltica as a sensitive species; however, no 
specific management guidelines to ensure the conservation of this 
species are currently being implemented. This plant is on the CNPS 1B 
list (plants considered rare, threatened, or endangered in California 
and elsewhere), which indicates the plant meets the definitions under 
the Native Plant Protection Act and the California Endangered Species 
Act and is eligible for State listing. Plants on the CNPS 1B list must 
be fully considered during the environmental documentation process 
under CEQA. However, CEQA only requires disclosure of a project's 
impacts on the species; it does not provide protective management for 
P. basaltica. Potentilla basaltica is not currently listed by the State 
of Nevada but is considered threatened by the Nevada Native Plant 
Society. Because the threats to this species are high in magnitude but 
nonimminent, we assigned it a listing priority number of 5.

Summary of Listing Priority Changes in Candidates

Birds

    Western Sage Grouse, Columbia Basin Distinct Population Segment 
(Centrocercus urophasianus phaios)--We changed the listing priority 
number from a 9 to a 6 because the threats are now of a high magnitude 
for the species based on the small and fragmented nature of the 
population and by a 30 percent decline in abundance of this DPS between 
2000 and 2001. While this species exhibits natural fluctuations in 
population size, the overall population estimate of approximately 700 
individuals is the lowest ever recorded. However, there is no apparent 
direct cause-and-effect between the identified threats and the recent 
decline. We also have determined that the threats previously considered 
imminent are no longer imminent. Military training constitutes the 
primary threat to the southern population, while habitat conversion 
(primarily loss of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) acreage) is the 
primary threat impacting the northern subpopulation. We have concluded 
that threats related to military training are not imminent, based on 
the implementation of the Army's conservation measures, and 
considerably lower levels of actual training (from planned activities) 
occurring in Yakima and Kittitas Counties. We have likewise concluded 
that the threat to the northern population from habitat conversion is 
also not imminent, because much of the CRP acreage that could have 
expired was re-signed and increased in 1998 in Douglas County. Thus, 
threats previously classified as imminent are actually non-imminent in 
nature.

Fish

    Arkansas darter (Etheostoma cragini)--We changed the listing 
priority number from a 5 to an 11 because the species appears to be 
stable throughout much of its range, and the threats to the species 
from water depletion no longer appear to be of high magnitude.

Snails

    Chupadera springsnail (Pyrgulopsis chupaderae)--We changed the 
listing priority number from an 8 to a 2 because the threats are now 
high for the species due to intentional burning in January 2002 of the 
wetland vegetation at the only known location of the species. 
Therefore, we are classifying the immediacy of the threats as imminent.

Flowering Plants

    Florida semaphore cactus (Consolea (Opuntia) corallicola)--We 
changed the listing priority number from a 5 to a 2 because the threats 
to the species are more imminent than previously known. The species is 
known from only two sites, one of which was recently discovered. The 
original population was determined to only contain males, which 
eliminates the possibility of sexual reproduction at the site and 
reduces the genetic viability. In addition, the new population is 
threatened by an introduced moth that has decimated populations of 
other cactus species within the same genus.
    Umtanum desert buckwheat (Eriogonum codium)--We changed the listing 
priority number from a 5 to a 2 because we discovered new information 
about the lack of reproduction in the species, which increases the 
imminence of threat of decimation through wildfire and human 
disturbance.

Candidate Removals

Insects

    Fabulous green sphinx moth (Tinostoma smargditis)--Only 17 
specimens of this moth have ever been found since it was first 
discovered in 1895, through 1998, the last survey effort we funded. 
During the 1998 survey, we hoped to learn the host plant for the moth. 
However, the completed survey did not provide any additional 
information on the host plant. Because of this, we have insufficient 
information on the specific threats to this species. Thus we are 
removing this species as a candidate, due to the lack of key specific 
information for this species.

Flowering Plants

    Pleomele fernaldii (Hala pepe)--Pleomele fernaldii is being removed 
since it was mistakenly included as a candidate in the previous 
candidate notice of review.

Petition for a Candidate Species

    The Act provides two mechanisms for considering species for 
listing. First, the Act requires us to identify and propose for listing 
those species that require listing under the standards of section 
4(a)(1). We implement this through the candidate program, discussed 
above. Second, the Act provides a mechanism for the public to petition 
us to add a species to the Lists. Under section 4(b)(3)(A), when we 
receive such a petition, we must determine within 90 days, to the 
maximum extent practicable, whether the petition presents substantial 
information that listing is warranted (a ``90-day finding''). If we 
make a positive 90-day finding, under section 4(b)(3)(B) we must make 
one of three possible findings within 12 months of the receipt of the 
petition (a ``12-month finding'').
    The first possible 12-month finding is that listing is not 
warranted, in which case we need take no further action on the 
petition. Second, we may find that listing is warranted, in which case 
we must promptly publish a proposed rule to list the species. Once we 
publish a proposed rule for a species, section 4(b)(5) and (6) govern 
further procedures, regardless of whether or not we issued the proposal 
in response to a petition. Third, we may find that listing is 
``warranted but precluded.'' Such a finding means that immediate 
publication of a proposed rule to list the species is precluded by 
higher priority listing proposals, and that we are making expeditious 
progress to add and remove species from the Lists, as appropriate.

[[Page 40664]]

    The standard for making a 12-month warranted but precluded finding 
on a petition to list a species is identical to our standard for making 
a species a candidate for listing. Therefore, we add all petitioned 
species subject to such a finding to the candidate list. Similarly, we 
can treat all candidates as having been subject to both a positive 90-
day finding and a warranted but precluded 12-month finding. This notice 
constitutes publication of such findings pursuant to section 4(b)(3) 
for each candidate species listed in Table 1 that is the subject of a 
subsequent petition to list as threatened or endangered. Under our 
Petition Management Guidance, made available on July 9, 1996 (61 FR 
36075), we consider a petition to list a species already on the 
candidate list to be a second petition and, therefore, redundant. We do 
not interpret the petition provisions of the Act to require us to make 
a duplicative finding. Therefore, we are not making additional 90-day 
findings or initial 12-month findings on petitions to list species that 
are already candidates.
    Pursuant to section 4(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Act, when, in response to 
a petition, we find that listing a species is warranted but precluded, 
we must make a new 12-month finding each year until we publish a 
proposed rule or make a determination that listing is not warranted. 
These subsequent 12-month findings are referred to as recycled petition 
findings. As discussed below, we will make recycled petition findings 
for petitions on such species via our Candidate Notices of Review such 
as this one.
    On June 20, 2001, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth 
Circuit held that the 1999 CNOR (64 FR 57534 (Oct. 25, 1999)) did not 
constitute valid warranted but precluded 12-month petition findings for 
the Gila chub and Chiracahua leopard frog. Center for Biological 
Diversity v. Norton, 254 F.3d 833 (9th Cir. 2001). In particular, the 
Court found that inclusion of these species as one line each on the 
table of candidates in the 1999 CNOR, with no further explanation, did 
not satisfy the section 4(b)(3)(B)(iii)'s requirement that the Service 
publish ``a description and evaluation of reasons and data on which the 
finding was based'' in the Federal Register. The Court found that this 
one-line statement of candidate status also precluded meaningful 
judicial review. Moreover, the Court found that candidate status did 
not guarantee that annual reviews of warranted but precluded petitioned 
species would take place pursuant to section 4(b)(3)(C)(i). Finally, 
the Court suggested, but did not decide, that the 1999 CNOR met the 
Act's requirements for positive 90-day petition findings.
    Although we do not agree with the conclusions of the Ninth Circuit, 
we have drafted subsequent CNORs (including this one) to address the 
Court's concerns. We have included below a description of why the 
listing of every petitioned candidate species is both warranted and 
precluded at this time. Pursuant to section 4(b)(3)(C)(ii), any party 
with standing may challenge the merits of one of our petition findings 
incorporated in this CNOR. The analysis included herein, together with 
the administrative record for the decision at issue, will provide an 
adequate basis for a court to review the petition finding. Finally, 
nothing in this document or any of our policies should be construed as 
in any way modifying the Act's requirement that we make a new 12-month 
petition finding for each petitioned candidate within 1 year of the 
date of publication of this CNOR. If we fail to make any such finding 
on a timely basis, whether through publication of a new CNOR or some 
other form of notice, we may be subject to a deadline lawsuit pursuant 
to section 11(g)(1)(C), as we would be with respect to any other 
failure to comply with a section 4 deadline.
    We reviewed the current status of and threats to the 35 species for 
which we have found the petitioned action to be warranted but precluded 
and have incorporated any new information we have gathered since the 
previous finding. As a result of this review, we made continued 
warranted but precluded findings on the petitions for all 35 species. 
For the 30 of these species that are candidates, we maintain them as 
candidates and identify them by the code ``C*'' in the category column 
on the left side of Table 1. As discussed above, this finding means 
that the immediate publication of proposed rules to list these species 
was precluded by our work on the following higher priority listing 
actions during the period from November 1, 2001, through May 30, 2002: 
Court orders or settlement agreements to propose critical habitat and/
or complete critical habitat determinations for 3 southern California 
plants, Kneeland Prairie pennycress, purple amole, Santa Cruz tarplant, 
Oahu elepaio, Newcomb's snail, 76 Kauai and Nihau plants (reproposal), 
5 California carbonate plants, Blackburn's sphinx moth, 32 Lanai plants 
(reproposal), 2 Hawaiian invertebrates, 8 northwest Hawaiian Islands 
plants, 61 Maui and Kahoolawe plants (reproposal), quino checkerspot 
butterfly, 46 Molokai plants (reproposal), San Bernardino kangaroo rat, 
56 Hawaiian Island plants, 15 vernal pool species (4 fairy shrimp and 
11 plants), 103 Oahu plants, Rio Grande silvery minnow, gulf sturgeon; 
proposed listings for pygmy rabbit, Carson's wandering skipper, Island 
fox, 4 southwestern invertebrates (proposed listing with critical 
habitat), and Tumbling Creek cavesnail; final listing determinations 
for Buena Vista Lake shrew, showy stickseed, scaleshell mussel, 
Vermilion darter, Mississippi gopher frog, golden sedge, and desert 
yellowhead; emergency listings for pygmy rabbit, Carson's wandering 
skipper, and Tumbling Creek cavesnail; 90-day petition finding for 
Miami blue butterfly; and 12-month petition finding for Big Cypress fox 
squirrel and Cape Sable seaside sparrow (for critical habitat).
    In addition to identifying petitioned candidate species in Table 1, 
we also present brief summaries of why these candidates warrant 
listing. More complete information, including references, are found in 
the candidate forms. You may obtain a copy of these forms from the 
Regional office that has the lead for the species or from the Fish and 
Wildlife Service's internet website: http://endangered.fws.gov/.
    We find that the immediate issuance of a proposed rule and timely 
promulgation of a final rule for each of these actions has, for the 
preceding 7 months been, and will over the next year, be precluded by 
higher priority listing actions. During the past 7 months, almost all 
of our listing budget has been needed to take various listing actions 
to comply with court orders and court-approved settlement agreements. 
For a list of the listing actions taken over the 7 months, see the 
discussion of ``Progress on Revising the Lists,'' below.
    For the next year, the majority of our remaining listing budget for 
FY 2002, and our anticipated listing budget for FY 2003 based on the 
President's requested budget, will be needed to take listing actions to 
comply with court orders and court-approved settlement agreements. 
Currently, we will address or complete the following actions: Proposed 
critical habitat designations for 6 Guam species, Keck's checkermallow, 
yellow and Baker's larkspur, bull trout (Columbia and Klamath 
populations), Ventura marsh milkvetch, 9 Texas (Bexar County) 
invertebrates, southwestern willow flycatcher, cactus ferruginous pygmy 
owl, Topeka shiner, and Preble's meadow jumping mouse; final critical 
habitat designations for 81 Kauai and Nihau plants, 2 Hawaiian 
invertebrates, Blackburn's sphinx moth, Newcomb's snail, 15 vernal pool 
species (4 fairy shrimp and 11 plants), 55 Maui and

[[Page 40665]]

Kahoolawe plants, Rio Grande silvery minnow, 9 Texas (Bexar County) 
invertebrates, Appalachian elktoe, gulf sturgeon, and Great Plains 
breeding population of piping plover; 12-month petition findings for 
Yosemite toad, mountain yellow-legged frog (entire population), and 
California spotted owl; proposed listing rules for slickspot 
peppergrass, and Gila chub (with critical habitat); final listing 
determinations for San Diego ambrosia, mountain yellow-legged frog 
(southern California population), coastal cutthroat trout, large-
flowered meadow foam and Cook's lomatium, and Chiricahua leopard frog.
    Issuance of proposed listing rules for most of the candidates even 
with the highest listing priority numbers (i.e., 1, 2, or 3) will 
continue to be precluded next year due to completing actions required 
by court orders and court-approved settlement agreements, as well as 
the need to comply (or end noncompliance) with the unqualified 
statutory deadlines for making 12-month petition findings and final 
listing determinations on proposed rules. In addition to those final 
determinations required by court orders and settlement agreements, 
during the next year we will work on final determinations for the 
following species: Carson's wandering skipper, pygmy rabbit, Scotts 
Valley polygonum, four southwestern invertebrates, Tumbling Creek 
cavesnail, and mountain plover. In addition to proposed rules required 
by court orders and settlement agreements, we must work in the next 
year on proposed rules for at least 2 high-priority species, the Salt 
Creek tiger beetle and the southwestern Alaska population of the 
northern sea otter. Moreover, given the recent decision in Center for 
Biological Diversity v. Badgeley, 284 F.3d 1046 (9th Cir. 2002), which 
held that the Act require that 90-day petition findings be made no 
later than 12 months after receipt of the petition, regardless of 
whether it is practicable to do so, we may need to make 90-day findings 
on most or all of the outstanding petitions prior to issuing proposed 
rules for the 35 species subject to warranted but precluded findings. 
If over the next year we can devote any resources to issuing proposed 
rules for the highest priority candidates without jeopardizing our 
ability to comply with court orders, court-approved settlement 
agreements, or unqualified statutory deadlines, we will do so.
    Finally, work on proposed rules for candidates with lower priority 
(i.e., those that have listing priority numbers of 4-12) is also 
precluded by the need to issue proposed rules for higher priority 
species, particularly those facing high-magnitude, imminent threats 
(i.e., listing priority numbers of 1, 2, or 3). Table 1 shows the 
listing priority number for each candidate species.

Mammals

    Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)--As described in 
our February 4, 2000, 12-month finding (65 FR 5476), black-tailed 
prairie dog populations have been significantly reduced and are subject 
to several persistent threats. We believe that various threats 
(especially plague) continue to cause local extirpations that could 
lead to the species becoming vulnerable in a significant portion of its 
range. Additionally, the species may have difficulty coping with 
challenges without the advantage of its historic abundance and wide 
distribution. Accordingly, the vulnerability of the species to 
population reductions may be related less to its absolute numbers than 
to the number of colonies in which it exists, their size, their 
geospatial relationship, existing barriers to immigration and 
emigration, and the number and nature of the direct threats to the 
species. The apparent magnitude of the disease threat may be mitigated 
to some degree by new information that indicates that limited immune 
response is possible in some individuals and by new information that a 
population dynamic may have developed in low-density, isolated 
populations that may contribute to the persistence of depressed 
populations. Nevertheless, we conclude that the magnitude of this 
threat to the black-tailed prairie dog remains moderate due to other 
influences. Additionally, the threat of disease remains imminent. We 
have reviewed the 12-month finding that projected likely future black-
tailed prairie dog population trends. We conclude that this projection 
remains generally appropriate despite new information from which we 
infer that the magnitude of the disease threat to the species may be 
somewhat less than previously determined. While positive steps to 
conserve and manage black-tailed prairie dogs have been made by some 
States and Tribes, more conservation work will be needed by all States, 
Tribes, and Federal agencies to sufficiently reduce threats to the 
species. The overall magnitude and immediacy of threats to this species 
remain unchanged since the 12-month finding was published with a 
listing priority number of 8.
    Sea otter, southwest Alaska DPS (Enhydra lutris kenyoni)--The 
following summary is based on information contained in our files and 
the petition received on October 26, 2000. The worldwide population of 
sea otters in the early 1700s has been estimated at 150,000 to 300,000. 
Extensive commercial hunting of sea otters in Alaska began following 
the arrival of Russian explorers in 1741 and continued during the 18th 
and 19th centuries. By the time sea otters were afforded protection 
from commercial harvests by international treaty in 1911, the species 
was nearly extinct throughout its range, and may have numbered only 
1,000 to 2,000 individuals. Today three subspecies of sea otter have 
been identified. The northern sea otter contains two subspecies: 
Enhydra lutris kenyoni, which occurs from the Aleutian Islands to 
Oregon, and Enhydra lutris lutris, which occurs in the Kuril Islands, 
Kamchatka Peninsula, and Commander Islands in Russia. The third 
subspecies, Enhydra lutris nereis, occurs in California and is known as 
the southern sea otter. Until recently, southwest Alaska had been 
considered a stronghold for sea otters. In the mid-1980s, biologists 
believed that 80 percent of the world population of sea otters occurred 
in southwest Alaska. Recent aerial surveys document drastic population 
declines (up to 90%) have occurred throughout this area during the past 
10-15 years. Today as few as 9,000 sea otters may remain in the 
Aleutian Islands. Since April 2000, we have conducted additional aerial 
surveys along the Alaska Peninsula and the Kodiak Archipelago. Results 
of these surveys indicate that sea otter populations have declined 
substantially in these areas as well. The current population estimate 
for the Kodiak archipelago is roughly 4,000 less than in 1994; a 
decline of almost 40 percent in only 7 years. In the 2001 CNOR, we 
designated the northern sea otter in the Aleutian Islands as a 
candidate. We are revising the candidate form to reflect the most 
current scientific information regarding population boundaries and 
status. The geographic extent of the candidate designation now includes 
the Aleutian Islands, Alaska Peninsula coast, and Kodiak Archipelago. 
Potential threats include both natural fluctuations and human 
activities, which may have caused changes in the Bering Sea ecosystem. 
Subsistence hunting occurs at very low levels and does not appear to be 
a factor in the decline. While disease, starvation, and contaminants 
have not been implicated at this time, additional evaluation of these 
factors is warranted. The

[[Page 40666]]

hypothesis that predation by killer whales is causing the sea otter 
decline should also be further studied. Due to the precipitous and 
rapid nature of the ongoing population decline, we have assigned the 
southwest Alaska DPS of Enhydra lutris kenyoni a listing priority 
number of 3. Additionally, we have no indication that the decline has 
reached an endpoint, and therefore immediate action is needed.
    Sheath-tailed bat, American Samoa and Aguijan DPS (Emballonura 
semicaudata)--The following summary is based on information contained 
in our files, and the petition received on March 3, 1986. Historically 
the sheath-tailed bat was known from the southern Mariana Islands, 
Palau, and Western and American Samoa. Populations on the Mariana 
Islands of Guam and Rota have been extirpated and the Mariana 
population on Aguijan has been reduced to approximately 10 individuals. 
A similar drastic decline has occurred in American Samoa where 
populations of this bat were estimated at over 10,000 in 1976. In 1993, 
only four bats were recorded. This species resides in caves and is very 
susceptible to disturbance. The populations in American Samoa and the 
Mariana Islands are at the extreme limits of the species' range. Roost 
sites have been rendered unsuitable for bats by human intrusion into 
caves and the use of some caves as garbage dumps. Typhoons have also 
damaged some caves by blocking entrances or by flooding coastal caves. 
The loss of roost sites has severely restricted population size, 
especially in American Samoa, where few caves exist. In addition, small 
populations and limited numbers of populations place this distinct 
population segment at great risk of extinction from inbreeding, random 
events, and storms. Based on immediate threats of a high magnitude, we 
assigned the American Samoa and Aguijan DPS of the sheath-tailed bat a 
listing priority number of 3.
    Southern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus endemicus)--
The following summary is based on information contained in our files 
and the petition received on January 29, 2001. During the past 30 
years, a dramatic population decline of the southern Idaho ground 
squirrel has occurred. We now believe that the southern Idaho ground 
squirrel occupies approximately 44 percent of its historical range. 
Surveys indicate a precipitous decline in the squirrel population since 
the mid-1980s. In the spring of 2001, scientists conducted surveys to 
understand on a qualitative level the pattern of spatial distribution 
and density of southern Idaho ground squirrel populations, and then to 
make a population estimate for the species. The survey resulted in an 
estimate of 2,177 to 4,354 southern Idaho ground squirrels. Scientists 
attribute the decline to invasive nonnative plants associated with a 
change in fire frequency, and lack of reclamation or restoration of 
habitat by various land management agencies and private landowners. 
There is also an increase in the risk of extinction due to a reduced 
distribution. Based on our evaluation that these threats pose an 
imminent risk of a high magnitude, this subspecies warrants a listing 
priority number of 3.
    Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni)--The 
following summary is based on information contained in our files and 
the petition received on March 2, 2000. Since the designation of the 
species as a candidate on October 25, 1999, more information has become 
available regarding the types of soils used by Washington ground 
squirrels, the effects of agriculture on Washington ground squirrel 
colonies, the status of the species throughout its range, and the 
significance of the Oregon population to the species as a whole. The 
soil types used by the squirrels are distributed sporadically within 
the species' range, and have been seriously fragmented by human 
development in the Columbia Basin, particularly conversion to 
agricultural use. Where agriculture occurs, little evidence of ground 
squirrel use has been documented, and reports indicate that ongoing 
agricultural conversion permanently eliminates Washington ground 
squirrel habitat. The most contiguous, least-disturbed expanse of 
suitable Washington ground squirrel habitat, and likely the densest 
distribution of colonies within the range of the species, occurs on the 
Boeing site and Boardman Bombing Range in Oregon. Substantial threats 
to the species occur throughout its range, including the remaining 
populations in Oregon. Even on State-owned lands in Oregon, the loss of 
known sites is likely. The loss of significant numbers of colonies in 
Oregon would be detrimental to the continued existence of the 
Washington ground squirrel. In Washington, recent declines have been 
precipitous and for unknown reasons. In 2001, entire colonies of ground 
squirrels have been lost on the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge and 
Seeps Lake Management Area near Othello, Washington, despite the 
protected status of the species in the area. Biologists observed 
significant declines in body mass, and many adult squirrels experienced 
a complete failure to reproduce in 2001, likely as a result of 
starvation. Individuals that lacked sufficient body weight are not 
likely to survive the 7- to 8-month hibernation period this species 
experiences. All of these threats have been observed in the past 2 
years, are likely to continue, and appreciably reduce the likelihood of 
survival of many Washington ground squirrel colonies across the range 
of the species. Based on our current evaluation of threats, we assigned 
a listing priority number of 2 to this species.

Birds

    Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hawaii DPS (Oceanodroma castro)--The 
following summary is based on information contained in our files and 
the petition received on May 8, 1989. Breeding season surveys on 
Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai, as well as reports of fledglings picked up on 
Hawaii and Kauai, confirm that small populations still exist on these 
Hawaiian islands. Estimates of the total State-wide population could 
exceed 100 pairs if viable breeding populations exist on Maui and 
Hawaii. Although small populations do occur on Maui and Hawaii, we have 
been unable to determine if they are viable; certainly they are not 
large and they represent a fraction of prehistoric distribution. 
Predation by introduced species is believed to have played a 
significant role in reducing storm-petrel numbers and in exterminating 
colonies in the Pacific and other locations worldwide. Additionally, 
artificial lights have had a significant negative effect on fledgling 
young and, to a lesser degree, adults. Artificial lighting of roadways, 
resorts, ballparks, residences, and other development in lower 
elevation areas attracts and confuses night-flying, storm-petrel 
fledglings, resulting in ``fall-out'' and collisions with buildings and 
other objects. Currently, the species is not known to be taken or used 
for commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes. 
During 1992 surveys on Mauna Loa, Hawaii, several caches of Hawaiian 
dark-rumped petrel carcasses associated with feral cat predation were 
recorded in areas where band-rumped storm-petrel vocalizations were 
recorded. Based on imminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned 
this Hawaii DPS of the band-rumped storm-petrel a listing priority 
number of 3.
    Gunnison sage grouse (Centrocercus minimus)--The following summary 
is based on information contained in our files and the petition 
received on January 25, 2000. The range of the Gunnison sage grouse has 
been reduced to less than 25 percent of its historic

[[Page 40667]]

range. Size of the range and quality of its habitat have been reduced 
by direct habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation from building 
development, road and utility corridors, fences, energy development, 
conversion of native habitat to hay or other crop fields, alteration or 
destruction of wetland and riparian areas, inappropriate livestock 
management, competition for winter range by big game, and creation of 
large reservoirs. Other factors affecting the Gunnison sage grouse 
include fire suppression, overgrazing by elk (Cervus elaphus) and deer 
(Odocoileus hemionus), drought, disturbance or death by off-highway 
vehicles, harassment from people and pets, noise that impairs 
acoustical quality of leks (courtship areas), genetic depression, 
pesticides, pollution, and competition for habitat from other species. 
For greater detail as to why listing is warranted, see 65 FR 82310, 
December 28, 2000. We consider all of these threats to be of high 
magnitude but nonimminent; therefore, we assigned the Gunnison sage 
grouse a listing priority of 5.
    Lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus)--The following 
summary is based on information contained in our files, including 
information from the petition received on October 5, 1995. Biologists 
estimate that the occupied range has declined at least 78 percent since 
1963 and 92 percent since the 1800s. The most serious threats to the 
lesser prairie-chicken are loss of habitat from conversion of native 
rangelands to introduced forages and cultivation, and cumulative 
habitat degradation caused by severe grazing, fire suppression, 
herbicides, and structural developments. Many of these threats may 
exacerbate the normal effects of periodic drought on lesser prairie-
chicken populations. In many cases, the remaining suitable habitat has 
become fragmented by the spatial arrangement of properties affected by 
these individual threats. We view current and continued habitat 
fragmentation to be a serious ongoing threat that facilitates the 
extinction process through several mechanisms: remaining habitat 
patches may become smaller than necessary to meet the yearlong 
requirements of individuals and populations; necessary habitat 
heterogeneity may be lost to large areas of monoculture vegetation and/
or homogenous habitat structure; areas between habitat patches may 
harbor high levels of predators or brood parasites; and the probability 
of recolonization decreases as the distance between suitable habitat 
patches expands. Inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms to 
protect lesser prairie-chicken habitat was cited as a potential threat 
to the species in the Service's 12-month finding. Most occupied lesser 
prairie-chicken habitat occurs on private land where States have little 
authority to protect the species or its habitat, with the exception of 
setting harvest regulations. While some Federal lands within occupied 
range have voluntarily accommodated certain needs of the lesser 
prairie-chicken, the species cannot be sufficiently conserved only on 
Federal lands to prevent extinction. Although Federal lands comprise 
only five percent of currently occupied habitat, these tracts are 
located in areas essential to population recovery and dispersal. As a 
result, the Service views habitat management considerations on Federal 
lands within current and historic range with even greater importance. 
Concern exists that recreational hunting and harassment are potential 
threats to the species. While the Service does not believe that 
overutilization through recreational hunting is a primary cause of 
lesser prairie-chicken decline, we are concerned that small and 
isolated populations may be vulnerable to local extirpations caused by 
repeated harvest pressure, especially near fall leks. Similarly, the 
effects of repeated recreational viewing at leks is unknown. The 
Service solicits input from all parties who may be knowledgeable about 
these factors, as well as two potential threats not cited in the 12-
month finding; organophosphorus insecticide poisoning and degree of 
impacts from hybridization with greater prairie-chickens in northern 
portions of occupied range. Based on all currently available 
information, we find that ongoing threats to the lesser prairie-
chicken, as outlined in the 12-month finding, remain unchanged, and 
lesser prairie-chickens continue to warrant Federal listing as 
threatened. We have determined that the overall magnitude of threats to 
the lesser prairie-chicken throughout its range is moderate, and that 
the threats are ongoing, thus they are considered imminent. 
Consequently, a listing priority of 8 remains appropriate for the 
species. The magnitude of threats to lesser prairie-chickens rests 
primarily on the quality of existing habitat. At present, all States 
within occupied range of the lesser prairie-chicken are committing 
significant resources via personnel, outreach, and habitat improvement 
incentives to landowners to recover the species. The Service recognizes 
that measurable increases in populations often come years after certain 
habitat improvements occur. Barring additional unforeseen threats such 
as prolonged drought or development, the species' status is expected to 
improve in future years. Therefore, we select not to elevate the 
listing priority of the lesser prairie-chicken based on magnitude of 
threats at this time. However, the Service is concerned that remaining 
populations may become increasingly fragmented, and therefore 
vulnerable to local extinctions. This is particularly true for isolated 
populations of lesser prairie-chickens in the Permian Basin/western 
panhandle of Texas and areas south of highway 380 in southeastern New 
Mexico. The impending loss of these populations is of major concern to 
us, and efforts to address this possible loss are ongoing. However, the 
Service believes that, given all currently available information, the 
net benefits of ongoing conservation activities by the States, Federal 
agencies, and private groups, combined with the recent increase in both 
range and numbers in Kansas, exceed the latest negative trends of local 
populations in the southern periphery of occupied range. Should the 
current conservation momentum fail to stabilize and increase existing 
populations throughout significant portions of the remaining range, we 
must pursue elevating the listing priority of the species.
    Yellow-billed cuckoo, western continental U.S. DPS (Coccyzus 
americanus)--The following summary is based on information contained in 
our files and the petition received on February 9, 1998. Also see our 
12-month petition finding (66 FR 38611) published on July 25, 2001. 
While the cuckoo is still relatively common east of the crest of the 
Rocky Mountains, biologists estimate that more than 90 percent of the 
bird's riparian (streamside) habitat in the West has been lost or 
degraded. These modifications, and the resulting decline in the 
distribution and abundance of yellow-billed cuckoos throughout the 
western States, is believed to be due to conversion to agriculture; 
grazing; habitat degradation by competition from nonnative plants, such 
as tamarisk; river management, including altered flow and sediment 
regime; and flood control practices, such as channelization and bank 
protection. Based on nonimminent threats of a high magnitude, we 
assigned a listing priority number of 6 to this DPS of yellow-billed 
cuckoo.

Reptiles

    Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our

[[Page 40668]]

files and the petition received on July 19, 2000. The Louisiana pine 
snake historically occurred in portions of west-central Louisiana and 
extreme east-central Texas. Louisiana pine snakes have not been 
documented in over a decade in some of the best remaining habitat 
within their historical range. Surveys and results of Louisiana pine 
snake trapping and radio-telemetry suggest that extensive population 
declines and local extirpations have occurred during the last 50 to 80 
years. The quality of remaining Louisiana pine snake habitat has been 
degraded due to logging, fire suppression, short-rotation silviculture, 
and conversion of habitat to other uses such as grazing. Other factors 
affecting Louisiana pine snakes include low fecundity (reproductive 
output), which magnifies other threats and increases the likelihood of 
local extinctions, and vehicular mortality, which may cause significant 
impacts to the Louisiana pine snake's population numbers and community 
structure. Due to nonimminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned 
a listing priority number of 5 to this species.
    Cagle's map turtle (Graptemys caglei)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our files and the petition received 
on April 26, 1991. Cagle's map turtle occurs in scattered sites in 
seven counties in Texas on the Guadalupe, San Marcos, and Blanco 
Rivers. Loss and degradation of riverine habitat from large and/or 
small impoundments (dams or reservoirs) is the primary threat to 
Cagle's map turtle. One detrimental effect of impoundment is the loss 
of riffle and riffle/pool transition areas used by males for foraging. 
Depending on its size, a dam itself may be a partial or complete 
barrier to Cagle's map turtle movements and could fragment a 
population. Construction of smaller impoundments and human activities 
on the river has likely eliminated or reduced foraging and basking 
habitats. Cagle's map turtle is also vulnerable to over collecting and 
target shooting, and current regulations are inadequate to protect this 
species. Due to nonimminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned a 
listing priority number of 5 to this species.

Amphibians

    Columbia spotted frog, Great Basin DPS (Rana luteiventris)--The 
following summary is based on information contained in our files and 
the petition received on May 1, 1989. Recent work by researchers in 
Idaho and Nevada has documented the loss of historically known sites, 
reduced numbers of individuals within local populations, and declines 
in the reproduction of those individuals. Since 1996, extensive surveys 
throughout southern Idaho and eastern Oregon have led to increases in 
the number of known Columbia spotted frog sites. However, most of these 
sites support only small numbers of frogs. Extensive monitoring at 10 
of the 46 occupied sites since 1997 indicates a decline in the number 
of adult Columbia spotted frogs encountered. All known populations in 
southern Idaho and in eastern Oregon appear to be functionally 
isolated. Columbia spotted frog habitat degradation and fragmentation 
is probably a combined result of past and current influences of heavy 
livestock grazing, spring alterations, agricultural development, 
urbanization, and mining activities. Based on imminent threats of high 
magnitude, we assigned a listing priority number of 3 to this DPS of 
the Columbia spotted frog.
    Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa)--The following summary is based 
on information contained in our files and the petition received on May 
4, 1989. Based on surveys of historic sites, the Oregon spotted frog is 
now absent from at least 76 percent of its former range. The species 
may be absent from as much as 90 percent of its former range because 
the collections of historic specimens did not adequately reflect its 
actual geographic and elevational range. Threats to the species' 
habitat include development, livestock grazing, introduction of 
nonnative plant species, changes in hydrology due to construction of 
dams and alterations to seasonal flooding, poor water quality, and 
water contamination. Additional threats to the species are predation by 
nonnative fish and introduced bullfrogs. Based on these threats, we 
assigned the Oregon spotted frog a listing priority number of 2. Note, 
the October 30, 2001, Candidate Notice of Review was incorrect in 
listing this species as a distinct population segment with a listing 
priority number of 3. The Oregon spotted frog is a full species, with 
no DPS designation, and, therefore, has a listing priority number of 2.
    California tiger salamander (entire population except Sonoma County 
and where listed) (Ambystoma californiense)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our files and the petition received 
on February 26, 1992. The California tiger salamander has been 
eliminated from 54 percent of its historic breeding sites and has lost 
an estimated 65 percent of its habitat. The distribution of the species 
is now discontinuous and fragmented throughout its range. All of the 
estimated seven genetic populations of this species have declined 
significantly because of urban and agricultural development, and other 
human-caused factors affecting breeding and upland habitat used for 
estivation and migration. Existing regulatory mechanisms are inadequate 
to protect California tiger salamander habitat. Based on nonimminent 
threats of a high magnitude, we assigned this species a listing 
priority number of 5.
    California tiger salamander, Sonoma County DPS (Ambystoma 
californiense)--See above summary of new candidate species for 
discussion on why this population warrants listing. The above summary 
is based on information contained in our files and the petition 
received on June 13, 2001.
    Boreal toad, Southern Rocky Mountains DPS (Bufo boreas boreas)--The 
following summary is based on information contained in our files and 
the petition received on September 30, 1993. Boreal toads of the 
Southern Rocky Mountain DPS were once common throughout much of the 
high elevations in Colorado, in the Snowy and Sierra Madre Ranges of 
southeast Wyoming, and at three breeding localities at the southern 
periphery of their range in the San Juan Mountains of New Mexico. In 
the late 1980s boreal toads were found to be absent from 83 percent of 
breeding localities in Colorado and 94 percent of breeding localities 
in Wyoming previously known to contain toads. In 1999, the number of 
known breeding localities increased from 33 to 50, with 1 in Wyoming, 
none in New Mexico, and the remaining sites in Colorado. This increase 
in known breeding localities, however, was likely due to survey efforts 
rather than expansion of the population. Land use in boreal toad 
habitat includes recreation, timber harvesting, livestock grazing, and 
watershed alteration activities. Though declines in toad numbers have 
not been directly linked to habitat alteration, activities that 
destroy, modify, or curtail habitat likely contribute to the continued 
decline in toad numbers. The current and future use of water rights in 
the Southern Rocky Mountains may impact boreal toads. Increased demands 
on limited water resources can result in water level drops in 
reservoirs that toads are using. Transferring rights from one user 
group to another (e.g., agricultural to municipal) also could reduce 
toad habitat, particularly if dewatering of reservoir sites resulted 
from these transfers. Additional threats to the boreal toad include a 
chytrid fungus, which likely caused the boreal toad to decline in the 
1970s and continues to cause declines. Based on

[[Page 40669]]

these threats, we assigned this DPS of boreal toad a listing priority 
number of 3.

Fishes

    Gila chub (Gila intermedia)--The following summary is based on 
information contained in our files and the petition received on June 
10, 1998. The Gila chub has been extirpated or reduced in numbers and 
distribution in the majority of its historical range. Over 70 percent 
of the Gila chub's habitat has been degraded or destroyed, and much of 
it is unrecoverable. Of the 15 remaining populations, most are small, 
isolated, and threatened, and only one population is considered secure. 
Wetland habitat degradation and loss is a major threat to the Gila 
chub. Human activities such as groundwater pumping, surface water 
diversions, impoundments, channelization, improper livestock grazing, 
vegetation manipulation, agriculture, mining, road building, nonnative 
species introductions, urbanization, and recreation all contribute to 
riparian loss and degradation in southern Arizona, thereby threatening 
this species. Based on imminent threats of a high magnitude, we 
assigned this species a listing priority number of 2. Although work on 
court-ordered section 4 actions have precluded us from issuing a 
proposed rule to date, despite the fact that this species has a listing 
priority number of 2, we recently entered into a settlement agreement 
on October 2, 2001 (Center for Biological Diversity, et al. v. Norton, 
Civ. No. 01-2063 (JR) (D.D.C.)) that will require us to deliver by July 
31, 2002, a proposed listing rule with critical habitat to the Federal 
Register for publication.
    Arctic grayling, upper Missouri River DPS (Thymallus arcticus)--The 
following summary is based on information contained in our files and 
the petition received on October 2, 1992. Currently, the only self-
sustaining remnant of the indigenous fluvial Arctic grayling population 
exists in the Big Hole River, estimated to represent 5 percent or less 
of the historic range for this species in Montana and Wyoming. 
Reestablishment efforts are under way in four streams within the 
historic range. The Arctic grayling faces threats primarily from a 
decrease in available habitat as a result of dewatering of streams for 
irrigation and stock water, ongoing drought conditions, and habitat 
degradation from dams and reservoirs. Landowners and other interests 
are implementing actions to ensure adequate water conditions in the Big 
Hole River. Additionally, predation on or competition with Arctic 
grayling by nonnative trout are thought to be factors limiting grayling 
populations. Due to imminent threats of a low to moderate magnitude, we 
assigned this DPS of Arctic grayling a listing priority number of 9.

Snails

    Chupadera springsnail (Pyrgulopsis chupaderae)--The following 
summary is based on information contained in our files and the petition 
received on November 20, 1985. This aquatic species is endemic to 
Willow Spring on the Willow Spring Ranch (formerly Cienega Ranch) at 
the south end of the Chupadera Mountains in Socorro County, New Mexico. 
The Chupadera springsnail has been documented from two hillside 
groundwater discharges that flow through grazed areas among rhyolitic 
gravels containing sand, mud, and hydrophytic plants. Regional and 
local groundwater depletion, springrun dewatering, and riparian habitat 
degradation represent the principal threats. The survival and recovery 
of the Chupadera springsnail is contingent upon protection of the 
riparian corridor immediately adjacent to Willow Spring, and the 
availability of perennial, oxygenated flowing water within the species' 
thermal range. Existing regulatory mechanisms are not sufficient to 
protect this species. New Mexico State law provides limited protection 
to the Chupadera springsnail, but this law does not provide for habitat 
protection. Because these threats are imminent and of a high magnitude, 
we assigned this species a listing priority number of 2. See above 
Summary of Listing Priority Changes in Candidates for an explanation on 
why we are changing the priority of this candidate.
    Gila springsnail (Pyrgulopsis gilae)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our files and the petition received 
on November 20, 1985. The Gila springsnail is an aquatic species known 
from 13 populations in New Mexico. The long-term persistence of the 
Gila springsnail is contingent upon protection of the riparian corridor 
immediately adjacent to springhead and springrun habitats, thereby 
ensuring the maintenance of perennial, oxygenated flowing water within 
the species' required thermal range. Sites on both private and Federal 
lands are subject to uncontrolled recreational use and livestock 
grazing, thus rendering the long-term survival of the Gila springsnail 
questionable. Natural events such as drought, forest fire, 
sedimentation, and flooding; wetland habitat degradation by 
recreational bathing in thermal springs; and poor watershed management 
practices such as overgrazing and inappropriate silviculture, represent 
the primary threats to the Gila springsnail. Fire suppression and 
retardant chemicals have potentially deleterious effects on this 
species. Existing regulatory mechanisms are not sufficient to protect 
the Gila springsnail. New Mexico State law provides limited protection 
to the Gila springsnail, but this law does not provide for habitat 
protection. Based on these nonimminent threats of a low magnitude, we 
assigned a listing priority number of 11 to this species.
    New Mexico springsnail (Pyrgulopsis thermalis)--The following 
summary is based on information contained in our files and the petition 
received on November 20, 1985. The New Mexico springsnail is an aquatic 
species known from only two separate populations associated with a 
series of spring-brook systems along the Gila River in the Gila 
National Forest in Grant County, New Mexico. The long-term persistence 
of the New Mexico springsnail is contingent upon protection of the 
riparian corridor immediately adjacent to springhead and springrun 
habitats, thereby ensuring the maintenance of perennial, oxygenated 
flowing water within the species' required thermal range. While the New 
Mexico springsnail populations may be stable, the sites inhabited by 
the species are subject to uncontrolled recreational use and livestock 
grazing. Wetland habitat degradation via recreational use and 
overgrazing in or near the thermal springs and/or poor watershed 
management practices represent the primary threats to the New Mexico 
springsnail. Natural events such as drought, forest fire, 
sedimentation, and flooding may further imperil populations. 
Additionally, fire suppression and retardant chemicals have potentially 
deleterious effects on this species. Existing regulatory mechanisms are 
also not sufficient to protect the New Mexico springsnail. New Mexico 
State law provides limited protection to the New Mexico springsnail, 
but this law does not provide for habitat protection. Based on these 
nonimminent threats of a low magnitude, we assigned this species a 
listing priority number of 11.
    Page springsnail (Pyrgulopsis morrisoni)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our files and the petition received 
on April 12, 2002. The Page springsnail is a local endemic, and all 
extant populations are known to exist only within a complex of springs 
located within an approximately 1.5 kilometer (.93 miles) area along 
the west side of Oak Creek around the community of Page Springs,

[[Page 40670]]

Yavapai County, Arizona. Many of the springs where the Page springsnail 
occurs have been subjected to some level of modification to meet 
domestic, agricultural, ranching, fish hatchery, and recreational 
needs. Pumping of the regional aquifer in excess of natural recharge 
could result in elimination of habitat occupied by the Page 
springsnail. Potential habitat degradation is likely from trespass 
cattle and the possible modification of spring heads to meet the needs 
of a commercial water bottling company. Other factors that have 
contributed to the decline of Page springsnail populations include the 
use of toxic substances, water quality degradation, and introduction of 
nonnative molluscs, such as Corbicula spp. Arizona Game and Fish 
Department (AGFD) management plans for the Bubbling Ponds and Page 
Springs fish hatcheries included commitments to replace lost habitat 
and to monitor remaining populations of invertebrates such as the Page 
springsnail. However, habitat restoration has been largely unsuccessful 
and monitoring has not been implemented. Because these threats are 
imminent and of a high magnitude, we assigned a listing priority number 
of 2 to this species.

Insects

    Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle (Cicindela limbata albissima)--
The following summary is based on information contained in our files, 
including information from the petition received on April 21, 1994. The 
Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle is known to occur only at Coral Pink 
Sand Dunes, about 7 miles west of Kanab, Kane County, in south-central 
Utah. It is restricted mostly to a small part of the approximately 13-
kilometer (8-mile) long dune field, situated at an elevation of about 
1,820 m (6,000 ft). The subspecies' habitat is being adversely impacted 
by ongoing recreational off-road vehicle (ORV) use. The ORV activity is 
destroying and degrading the species' habitat, especially the 
interdunal swales used by the larval population. Having the greatest 
abundance of suitable prey species, the interdunal swales are the most 
biologically productive areas in this ecosystem. The continued survival 
of the species depends on the preservation of the species and its 
habitat at its only breeding reproductive site and the probable need to 
establish or reestablish additional reproductive subpopulations in 
other suitable habitat sites. The species population is also vulnerable 
to overcollecting by professional and hobby tiger beetle collectors, 
although quantification of this threat is difficult without continuous 
monitoring of the species population. The State of Utah and the Bureau 
of Land Management have designated most of the species habitat as a 
conservation area, where they have placed significant restrictions on 
ORV use. Their actions have lowered the magnitude of threat to this 
subspecies. Based on imminent threats of a low to moderate magnitude, 
we assigned this subspecies a listing priority number of 9.

Flowering Plants

    Christ's paintbrush (Castilleja christii)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our files and the petition received 
on January 2, 2001. Castilleja christii is endemic to subalpine meadow 
and sagebrush habitats in the upper elevations of the Albion Mountains, 
Cassia County, Idaho. The single population of this species, which 
covers only 81 ha (200 ac), is restricted to the summit of Mount 
Harrison. The population appears to be stable, although the species is 
threatened by a variety of activities including unauthorized ORV use 
that results in erosion of the plant's habitat and mortality of 
individual plants. Livestock grazing can adversely affect C. christii 
by trampling and/or consuming plants, which results in reduced 
reproductive success; grazing occurred in the area where C. christii 
exists during 1999, but not in 2000. In addition, road maintenance 
activities and trampling by hikers potentially affect this species. 
Because the threats are of a low to moderate magnitude and nonimminent, 
we assigned this species a listing priority number of 11.
    San Fernando Valley spineflower (Chorizanthe parryi fernandina)--
The following summary is based on information contained in our files 
and the petition received on December 14, 1999. Chorizanthe parryi var. 
fernandina was thought to be extinct, but its rediscovery was disclosed 
in the late spring of 1999. The plant currently is known from two 
disjunct localities. The first locality is in the southeastern portion 
of Ventura County, on a site approved for development, where it was 
found and identified by consultants employed by the developer. The 
second is located in southwestern Los Angeles County on a site with 
approved development plans. As currently planned, it is likely that 
construction of proposed development will extirpate the first 
population in Ventura County. It is unclear how the development in Los 
Angeles will affect that population. The majority of the historical 
collections of this plant from the greater Los Angeles metropolitan 
area were made from areas where urban, agricultural, and industrial 
development have replaced native habitats. During the last few decades, 
numerous field botanists have been unable to locate the species, even 
where historically recorded, largely due to the alteration and loss of 
suitable habitat. San Fernando Valley spineflower is also threatened by 
invasive nonnative plants, including grasses, that potentially fragment 
suitable habitat; displace it from available habitat; compete for 
light, water, and nutrients; and reduce survival and establishment. 
This plant is particularly vulnerable to extinction due to its two 
isolated populations. Species with few populations and disjunct 
distributions are vulnerable to naturally occurring, random events. 
Because of imminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned a listing 
priority number of 3 to this plant.
    Slick spot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum)--The following 
summary is based on information contained in our files and the petition 
received on April 9, 2001. Lepidium papilliferum is an annual or 
biennial that occurs in sagebrush-steppe habitats at approximately 670 
meters (m) (2,200 feet (ft)) to 1,615 m (5,300 ft) elevation in 
southwestern Idaho. The total amount of currently occupied L. 
papilliferum habitat is less than 31.8 ha (78.4 ac), and the amount of 
high-quality occupied habitat for this species is less than 1.3 ha (3.3 
ac). The documented extirpation rate for this taxon is the highest 
known of any Idaho rare plant species. This species is threatened by a 
variety of activities including urbanization, gravel mining, irrigated 
agriculture, habitat degradation due to cattle and sheep grazing, fire 
and fire rehabilitation activities, and continued invasion of habitat 
by nonnative plant species. Because the majority of populations are 
extremely small and existing habitat is fragmented by agricultural 
conversion, fire, grazing, roads, and urbanization, local extirpation 
is a threat to this species. Based on immediate threats of a high 
magnitude, we assigned this species a listing priority number of 2. 
Although work on court-ordered section 4 actions have precluded us from 
issuing a proposed rule to date, despite the fact that this species has 
a listing priority number of 2, we recently entered into a settlement 
agreement on March 29, 2002 (Committee for Idaho's High Desert. v. 
Badgley, Civ. No. 01-1641-AS (D.Or.)) that will require us to deliver 
by July 15,

[[Page 40671]]

2002, a proposed listing rule to the Federal Register for publication.
    White River beardtongue (Penstemon scariosus albifluvis)--The 
following summary is based on information contained in our files and 
the petition received on October 27, 1983. The White River beardtongue 
is restricted to calcareous soils derived from oil shale barrens of the 
Green River Formation in the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah and 
adjacent Colorado. Most of the occupied habitat of the White River 
beardtongue is within developed and expanding oil and gas fields. 
Several wells and access roads are within the species' occupied 
habitat. The location of the species' habitat exposes it to destruction 
from ORV use, and road, pipeline, and well-site construction in 
connection with oil and gas development. With such a small population 
and limited occupied habitat, any destruction, modification, or 
curtailment of the habitat would have a highly negative impact on the 
species. Additionally, the species is heavily grazed by wildlife and 
livestock and is vulnerable to livestock trampling. Currently, no 
Federal or State laws specifically protect the White River beardtongue. 
Based on nonimminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned this 
subspecies a listing priority number of 6.
    Tahoe yellow cress (Rorippa subumbellata)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our files and the petition received 
on December 27, 2000. Tahoe yellow cress is a small, perennial herb 
known only from the shores of Lake Tahoe in California and Nevada. 
Based on presence/absence information, it has been determined that the 
Tahoe yellow cress has been extirpated from 10 of 52 historic 
locations. Tahoe yellow cress occurs in a dynamic environment affected 
by both natural processes and human activities. Under natural 
conditions, Tahoe yellow cress is apparently tolerant of the dynamic 
nature of its habitat and is adapted for survival in a disturbance 
regime. However, due to the combination of unnatural lake level 
fluctuation due to dam operations and other human activities, habitat 
conditions are no longer considered natural. Heavy recreational use of 
the beaches may result in the direct loss of individual plants as well 
as the degradation of habitat through compaction and mixing of sandy 
substrates. Based on imminent threats of a high magnitude, we assigned 
this species a listing priority number of 2.

Ferns and Allies

    Botrychium lineare (slender moonwort)--The following summary is 
based on information contained in our files and the petition received 
on July 28, 1999. Also see our 12-month petition finding (66 FR 30368) 
published on June 6, 2001. Botrychium lineare is a small perennial fern 
that is currently known from a total of nine populations in Colorado, 
Oregon, Montana, and Washington. In addition to these currently known 
populations, historic populations were previously known from Idaho 
(Boundary County), Montana (Lake County), California (Fresno County), 
Colorado (Boulder County), and Canada (Quebec and New Brunswick). 
However, they have not been seen for at least 20 years and may be 
extirpated (Wagner and Wagner 1994). Since the 12-month petition 
finding was published we received some additional information regarding 
the status and distribution of B. lineare. Two new population sites of 
B. lineare were tentatively identified in 2001, one site each in Idaho 
and Nevada, with an additional historic site discovered from a 
herbarium specimen collected in Utah in 1905. One researcher is 
intending to obtain fresh specimens from the Idaho and Nevada sites 
during 2002 for electrophoretic confirmation, in addition to visiting 
an historic B. lineare site in California. The species seems to be a 
habitat generalist and is often found in disturbed habitats along 
roadsides. Therefore, conclusions regarding B. lineare's overall 
distribution and specific habitat requirements, along with identifying 
possible conservation needs, are problematic at this time. A specific 
habitat description for the species is problematic because of its 
current and historically disjunct distribution ranging from sea level 
in Quebec to nearly 3,000 meters (9,840 ft) in Boulder County, 
Colorado. Some botanists consider B. lineare to be a habitat generalist 
and believe that it is a rare plant that is difficult to survey for and 
observe in the wild and is often found along roadsides in disturbed 
habitats. Identifiable threats to various populations of this species 
include road maintenance and herbicide spraying (e.g., in Glacier 
National Park and on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation), recreation, 
timber harvest, trampling, and development. Botrychium lineare may also 
be affected by grazing from livestock or wildlife, but specific effects 
of grazing on the species are unknown. However, if grazing by livestock 
or wildlife species occurs prior to the maturation and release of 
spores, the capacity for sexual reproduction of affected plants may be 
compromised. Botrychium lineare is considered a sensitive species in 
Regions 2, 5, and 6 of the Forest Service, which include extant and 
historical B. lineare sites found in Colorado, Oregon, Washington, and 
California. Because this species is listed under these regional 
sensitive species lists, the Forest Service has regulations that 
address the need to protect this species. Forest Service Regions 1, 4, 
and 5, which include extant and historical sites found in Montana and 
Idaho, do not have B. lineare on their regional sensitive species lists 
and it is, therefore, not given any special consideration. Although 
Botrychium lineare is considered to be rare and imperiled by the State 
natural heritage programs in Colorado, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, 
the State heritage program rankings are not legal designations and do 
not confer State regulatory protection to this species. Because we 
concluded that the overall magnitude of threats to B. lineare 
throughout its range is moderate and the overall immediacy of these 
threats is nonimminent, we assigned this species a listing priority 
number of 11. Although we are not proposing a listing priority change 
or removal of candidate status at this time, any new information we 
receive on the distribution and threat/conservation actions of B. 
lineare may have a bearing on whether listing under the Endangered 
Species Act is still warranted.

Petitions To Reclassify Species Already Listed

    We have also previously made warranted but precluded findings on 
five petitions that sought to reclassify threatened species to 
endangered status. Because these species are already listed, they are 
not technically candidates for listing and are not included in Table 1. 
However, this notice also constitutes the recycled petition findings 
for these species. We find that reclassification to endangered status 
is currently warranted but precluded by work identified above (see 
Petition of a Candidate Species) for the:
    (1) North Cascades ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) 
DPS (Region 6) (see 63 FR 30453, June 4, 1998, and the candidate form 
for a discussion on why reclassification is warranted);
    (2) Cabinet-Yaak grizzly bear DPS (Region 6) (see 64 FR 26725, May 
17, 1999, and the candidate form for a discussion on why 
reclassification is warranted);
    (3) Selkirk grizzly bear DPS (Region 6) (see 64 FR 26725, May 17, 
1999, for a

[[Page 40672]]

discussion on why reclassification is warranted);
    (4) Spikedace (Meda fulgida) (Region 2) (see 59 FR 35303 and the 
candidate form for a discussion on why reclassification is warranted); 
and
    (5) Loach minnow (Tiaroga cobitis) (Region 2) (see 59 FR 35303 and 
the candidate form for a discussion on why reclassification is 
warranted).

Progress in Revising the Lists

    As described in section 4(b)(3)(B)(iii) of the Act, in order for us 
to make a warranted but precluded finding on a petitioned action, we 
must be making expeditious progress to add qualified species to the 
Lists and to remove from the Lists species for which the protections of 
the Act are no longer necessary. This notice describes our progress in 
revising the lists since our October 30, 2001, publication of the last 
CNOR. We intend to publish these descriptions annually.
    Our progress in listing and delisting qualified species since 
October 30, 2001, is represented by the publication in the Federal 
Register of final listing actions for 6 species, emergency listing 
actions for 3 species, proposed listing actions for 10 species, and 
proposed delisting actions for 3 species. In addition, we proposed 
critical habitat for 184 listed species, reproposed critical habitat 
for 215 species, and finalized critical habitat for 3 listed species. 
Given our limited budget for implementing section 4 of the Act, these 
achievements constitute expeditious progress.

Request for Information

    We request you submit any further information on the species named 
in this notice as soon as possible or whenever it becomes available. We 
are particularly interested in any information:
    (1) Indicating that we should add a species to the list of 
candidate species;
    (2) Indicating that we should remove a species from candidate 
status;
    (3) Recommending areas that we should designate as critical habitat 
for a species, or indicating that designation of critical habitat would 
not be prudent for a species;
    (4) Documenting threats to any of the included species;
    (5) Describing the immediacy or magnitude of threats facing 
candidate species;
    (6) Pointing out taxonomic or nomenclature changes for any of the 
species;
    (7) Suggesting appropriate common names; or
    (8) Noting any mistakes, such as errors in the indicated historical 
ranges.
    Submit your comments regarding a particular species to the Regional 
Director of the Region identified as having the lead responsibility for 
that species. The regional addresses follow:

Region 1. California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, 
American Samoa, Guam, and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
    Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Eastside 
Federal Complex, 911 NE. 11th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97232-4181 (503/
231-6158).
Region 2. Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
    Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 500 Gold 
Avenue SW., Room 4012, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102 (505/248-6920).
Region 3. Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, 
and Wisconsin.
    Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bishop 
Henry Whipple Federal Building, One Federal Drive, Fort Snelling, 
Minnesota 55111-4056 (612/713-5334).
Region 4. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, 
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Puerto Rico, 
and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
    Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1875 
Century Boulevard, Suite 200, Atlanta, Georgia 30345 (404/679-4156).
Region 5. Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, 
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode 
Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
    Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 
Westgate Center Drive, Hadley, Massachusetts 01035-9589 (413/253-8615).
Region 6. Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South 
Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.
    Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 
25486, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225-0486 (303/236-
7400).
Region 7. Alaska.
    Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East 
Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99503-6199 (907/786-3505).

    Our practice is to make comments, including names and home 
addresses of respondents, available for public inspection. Individual 
respondents may request that we withhold their home address from the 
public record, which we will honor to the extent allowable by law. In 
some circumstances, we can also withhold from the public record a 
respondent's identity, as allowable by law. If you wish for us to 
withhold your name and/or address, you must state this request 
prominently at the beginning of your comments. However, we will not 
consider anonymous comments. We will make all submissions from 
organizations or businesses, and from individuals identifying 
themselves as representatives or officials of organizations or 
businesses, available for public inspection in their entirety.

Authority

    This notice is published under the authority of the Endangered 
Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

    Dated: June 3, 2002.
Steve Williams,
Director, Fish and Wildlife Service.

                            Table 1.--Candidate Notice of Review (animals and plants)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Status
--------------------------  Lead  region   Scientific name       Family          Common name     Historic range
   Category     Priority
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Mammals
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PT...........           3  R1             Pteropus          Pteropodidae....  Bat, Mariana      Western Pacific
                                           mariannus                           fruit (=Mariana   Ocean, U.S.A.
                                           mariannus.                          flying fox).      (GU, MP).
C*...........           3  R1             Emballonura       Emballonuridae..  Bat, sheath-      U.S.A. (AS, GU,
                                           semicaudata.                        tailed            MP), Caroline
                                                                               (American         Islands.
                                                                               Samoa, Aguijan
                                                                               DPS).
PE...........           3  R1             Urocyon           Canidae.........  Fox, San Miguel   U.S.A. (CA).
                                           littoralis                          Island.
                                           littoralis.

[[Page 40673]]

 
 PE..........           3  R1             Urocyon           Canidae.........  Fox, Santa        U.S.A. (CA).
                                           littoralis                          Catalina Island.
                                           catalinae.
PE...........           3  R1             Urocyon           Canidae.........  Fox, Santa Cruz   U.S.A. (CA).
                                           littoralis                          Island.
                                           santacruzae.
PE...........           3  R1             Urocyon           Canidae.........  Fox, Santa Rosa   U.S.A. (CA).
                                           littoralis                          Island.
                                           santarosae.
C*...........           3  R7             Enhydra lutris    Mustelidae......  Otter, Northern   U.S.A. (AK).
                                           kenyoni.                            Sea (southwest
                                                                               Alaska DPS).
C............           6  R1             Thomomys mazama   Geomyidae.......  Pocket gopher,    U.S.A. (WA).
                                           (all ssp.).                         Mazama.
C*...........           8  R6             Cynomys           Sciuridae.......  Prairie dog,      U.S.A. (AZ, CO,
                                           ludovicianus.                       black-tailed.     KS, MT, NE, NM,
                                                                                                 ND, OK, SD, TX,
                                                                                                 WY), Canada,
                                                                                                 Mexico.
PE...........         N/A  R1             Brachylagus       Leporidae.......  Rabbit, pygmy     U.S.A. (CA, ID,
                                           idahoensis.                         (Columbia Basin   MT, NV, OR, UT,
                                                                               DPS).             WA, WY).
C............           6  R1             Spermophilus      Sciuridae.......  Squirrel,         U.S.A. (CA).
                                           tereticaudus                        Coachella
                                           chlorus.                            Valley round-
                                                                               tailed ground.
C*...........           3  R1             Spermophilus      Sciuridae.......  Squirrel,         U.S.A. (ID).
                                           brunneus                            Southern Idaho
                                           endemicus.                          ground.
C*...........           2  R1             Spermophilus      Sciuridae.......  Squirrel,         U.S.A. (WA, OR).
                                           washingtoni.                        Washington
                                                                               ground.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Birds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C............           6  R1             Porzana           Rallidae........  Crake, spotless   U.S.A. (AS),
                                           tabuensis.                          (American Samoa   Fiji,
                                                                               DPS).             Marquesas,
                                                                                                 Polynesia,
                                                                                                 Philippines,
                                                                                                 Australia,
                                                                                                 Society
                                                                                                 Islands, Tonga,
                                                                                                 Western Samoa.
C............           5  R1             Oreomystis        Fringillidae....  Creeper, Kauai..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           bairdi.
C*...........           6  R1             Coccyzus          Cuculidae.......  Cuckoo, western   U.S.A. (AZ, CA,
                                           americanus                          yellow-billed     CO, ID, MT, NM,
                                           occidentalis.                       (Western U.S.     NV, OR, TX, UT,
                                                                               DPS).             WA, WY),
                                                                                                 Canada, Mexico,
                                                                                                 Central & South
                                                                                                 America.
C............           6  R1             Gallicolumba      Columbidae......  Dove, friendly    U.S.A. (AS),
                                           stairi.                             ground            Fiji, Tonga,
                                                                               (American Samoa   Western Samoa.
                                                                               DPS).
C............           6  R1             Ptilinopus        Columbidae......  Dove, many-       U.S.A. (AS).
                                           perousii                            colored fruit.
                                           perousii.
C*...........           5  R6             Centrocercus      Phasianidae.....  Grouse, Gunnison  U.S.A. (AZ, CO,
                                           minimus.                            sage.             KS, OK, NM,
                                                                                                 UT).
C*...........           6  R1             Centrocercus      Phasianidae.....  Grouse, western   U.S.A. (OR, WA),
                                           urophasianus                        (Columbia basin   Canada (BC).
                                           phaios.                             DPS).
C............           6  R1             Eremophila        Alaudidae.......  Horned lark,      U.S.A. (OR, WA),
                                           alpestris                           streaked.         Canada (BC).
                                           strigata.
PT...........           2  R6             Charadrius        Charadriidae....  Plover, mountain  U.S.A.
                                           montanus.                                             (western),
                                                                                                 Canada, Mexico.
C*...........           8  R2             Tympanuchus       Phasianidae.....  Prairie-chicken,  U.S.A. (CO, KA,
                                           pallidicinctus.                     lesser.           NM, OK, TX).
C*...........           3  R1             Oceanodroma       Hyrobatidae.....  Storm-petrel,     U.S.A. (HI).
                                           castro.                             band-rumped
                                                                               (Hawaii DPS).
C............           5  R4             Dendroica         Emberizidae.....  Warbler, elfin    U.S.A. (PR).
                                           angelae.                            woods.
PE...........           2  R1             Zosterops         Zosteropidae....  White-eye, Rota   U.S.A. (MP).
                                           rotensis.                           bridled.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Reptiles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C............           2  R2             Sceloporus        Iguanidae.......  Lizard, sand      U.S.A. (TX, NM).
                                           arenicolus.                         dune.
C............           9  R3             Sistrurus         Viperidae.......  Massasauga        U.S.A. (IA, IL,
                                           catenatus                           (=rattlesnake),   IN, MI, MO, MN,
                                           catenatus.                          eastern.          NY, OH, PA,
                                                                                                 WI), Canada.
C............           6  R4             Pituophis         Colubridae......  Snake, black      U.S.A. (AL, LA,
                                           melanoleucus                        pine.             MS).
                                           lodingi.
C*...........           5  R4             Pituophis         Colubridae......  Snake, Louisiana  U.S.A. (LA, TX).
                                           ruthveni.                           pine.
C*...........           5  R2             Graptemys caglei  Emydidae........  Turtle, Cagle's   U.S.A. (TX).
                                                                               map.
C............           3  R2             Kinosternon       Kinosternidae...  Turtle, Sonoyta   U.S.A. (AZ),
                                           sonoriense                          mud.              Mexico.
                                           longifemorale.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Amphibians
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PT...........           2  R2             Rana              Ranidae.........  Frog, Chiricahua  U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
                                           chiricahuensis.                     leopard.          Mexico.
C*...........           3  R1             Rana              Ranidae.........  Frog, Columbia    U.S.A. (ID, NV,
                                           luteiventris.                       spotted (Great    OR).
                                                                               Basin DPS).
PE...........         (1)  R1             Rana muscosa....  Ranidae.........  Frog, mountain    U.S.A. (CA, NV)
                                                                               yellow-legged     including San
                                                                               (southern         Diego, Orange,
                                                                               California DPS).  Riverside, San
                                                                                                 Bernardino, and
                                                                                                 Los Angeles
                                                                                                 Counties.
C*...........           2  R1             Rana pretiosa...  Ranidae.........  Frog, Oregon      U.S.A. (CA, OR,
                                                                               spotted.          WA), Canada
                                                                                                 (BC).
C............           5  R1             Rana onca.......  Ranidae.........  Frog, relict      U.S.A. (AZ, NV,
                                                                               leopard.          UT).
C............           6  R4             Cryptobranchus    Crytobranchidae.  Hellbender,       U.S.A. (AR, MO).
                                           alleganiensis                       Ozark.
                                           bishopi.
C............           2  R2             Eurycea           Plethodontidae..  Salamander,       U.S.A. (TX).
                                           waterlooensis.                      Austin blind.
C*...........           5  R1             Ambystoma         Ambystomatidae..  Salamander,       U.S.A. (CA).
                                           californiense.                      California
                                                                               tiger (Entire,
                                                                               except Sonoma
                                                                               County and
                                                                               where listed as
                                                                               endangered).

[[Page 40674]]

 
C*...........           3  R1             Ambystoma         Ambystomatidae..  Salamander,       U.S.A. (CA).
                                           californiense.                      California
                                                                               tiger (U.S.A.
                                                                               CA--Sonoma
                                                                               County DPS).
C............           2  R2             Eurycea           Plethodontidae..  Salamander,       U.S.A. (TX).
                                           naufragia.                          Georgetown.
C............           2  R2             Eurycea           Plethodontidae..  Salamander,       U.S.A. (TX).
                                           chisholmensis.                      Salado.
C*...........           3  R6             Bufo boreas       Bufonidae.......  Toad, boreal      U.S.A. (CO, NM,
                                           boreas.                             (Southern Rocky   WY).
                                                                               Mountains DPS).
C............           5  R4             Necturus          Proteidae.......  Waterdog, black   U.S.A. (AL).
                                           alabamensis.                        warrior.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Fishes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PE...........           3  R1             Gila bicolor      Cyprinidae......  Chub, Cowhead     U.S.A. (CA).
                                           vaccaceps.                          Lake tui.
C*...........           2  R2             Gila intermedia.  Cyprinidae......  Chub, Gila......  U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
                                                                                                 Mexico.
C............          11  R6             Etheostoma        Percidae........  Darter, Arkansas  U.S.A. (AR, CO,
                                           cragini.                                              KS, MO, OK).
C............           6  R4             Etheostoma        Percidae........  Darter,           U.S.A. (KY, TN).
                                           nigrum susanae.                     Cumberland
                                                                               johnny.
C............           5  R4             Percina aurora..  Percidae........  Darter, Pearl...  U.S.A. (LA, MS).
C............           5  R4             Etheostoma        Percidae........  Darter, rush....  U.S.A. (AL).
                                           phytophilum.
C............           2  R4             Etheostoma        Percidae........  Darter,           U.S.A. (AR).
                                           moorei.                             yellowcheek.
C*...........           9  R6             Thymallus         Salmonidae......  Grayling, Arctic  U.S.A. (MT, WY).
                                           arcticus.                           (upper Missouri
                                                                               River DPS).
C............           2  R4             Noturus sp......  Ictaluridae.....  Madtom, chucky..  U.S.A. (TN).
C............           2  R3             Cottus sp.......  Cottidae........  Sculpin, grotto.  U.S.A. (MO).
C............           5  R2             Notropis          Cyprinidae......  Shiner,           U.S.A. (TX).
                                           oxyrhynchus.                        sharpnose.
C............           5  R2             Notropis buccula  Cyprinidae......  Shiner, smalleye  U.S.A. (TX).
C............           3  R2             Catostomus        Catostomidae....  Sucker, Zuni      U.S.A. (AZ, NM).
                                           discobolus                          bluehead.
                                           yarrowi.
PT...........           6  R1             Oncorhynchus      Salmonidae......  Trout, coastal    U.S.A. (AK, CA,
                                           clarki clarki.                      cutthroat         OR, WA), Canada
                                                                               (Southwestern     (BC).
                                                                               WA/Columbia
                                                                               River DPS).
PSAT.........         N/A  R1             Salvelinus malma  Salmonidae......  Trout, Dolly      U.S.A. (AK, OR,
                                                                               Varden.           WA), Canada,
                                                                                                 East Asia.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Clams
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C............           5  R4             Pleurobema        Unionidae.......  Clubshell,        U.S.A. (AL, GA,
                                           troschelianum.                      Alabama.          TN).
C............           5  R4             Pleurobema        Unionidae.......  Clubshell,        U.S.A. (AL, GA,
                                           chattanoogaense.                    painted.          TN).
C............           2  R2             Popenaias popei.  Unionidae.......  Hornshell, Texas  U.S.A. (NM, TX),
                                                                                                 Mexico
C............           5  R4             Ptychobranchus    Unionidae.......  Kidneyshell,      U.S.A. (AL, KY,
                                           subtentum.                          fluted.           TN, VA).
C............           5  R4             Lampsilis         Unionidae.......  Mucket, Neosho..  U.S.A. (AR, KS,
                                           rafinesqueana.                                        MO, OK).
C............           2  R4             Margaritifera     Margaritiferidae  Pearlshell,       U.S.A. (AL).
                                           marrianae.                          Alabama.
C............           5  R4             Lexingtonia       Unionidae.......  Pearlymussel,     U.S.A. (AL, KY,
                                           dolabelloides.                      slabside.         TN, VA).
C............           5  R4             Pleurobema        Unionidae.......  Pigtoe, Georgia.  U.S.A. (AL, GA,
                                           hanleyanum.                                           TN).
C............           5  R4             Elliptio spinosa  Unionidae.......  Spinymussel,      U.S.A. (GA).
                                                                               Altamaha.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Snails
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PE...........           1  R3             Antrobia culveri  Hydrobiidae.....  Cavesnail,        U.S.A. (MO).
                                                                               Tumbling Creek.
C............           9  R6             Oreohelix         Oreohelicidae...  Mountainsnail,    U.S.A. (UT).
                                           peripherica                         Ogden Deseret.
                                           wasatchensis.
C............           2  R6             Stagnicola        Lymnaeidae......  Pondsnail,        U.S.A. (UT).
                                           bonnevilensis.                      Bonneville.
C............           2  R1             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Pyrg, elongate    U.S.A. (NV).
                                           notidicola.                         mud meadows.
C............           5  R4             Leptoxis downei.  Pleuroceridae...  Rocksnail,        U.S.A. (GA, AL).
                                                                               Georgia.
C............           2  R1             Ostodes           Potaridae.......  Sisi............  U.S.A. (AS).
                                           strigatus.
C............           2  R2             Tryonia           Hydrobiidae.....  Snail, Diamond Y  U.S.A. (TX).
                                           adamantina.                         Spring.
C............           2  R1             Samoana fragilis  Partulidae......  Snail, fragile    U.S.A. (GU, MP).
                                                                               tree.
C............           2  R1             Partula           Partulidae......  Snail, Guam tree  U.S.A. (GU).
                                           radiolata.
C............           2  R1             Partula gibba...  Partulidae......  Snail, Humped     U.S.A. (GU, MP).
                                                                               tree.
PE...........           2  R2             Tryonia kosteri.  Hydrobiidae.....  Snail, Koster's   U.S.A. (NM).
                                                                               tryonia.
C............           2  R1             Partulina         Achatinellidae..  Snail, Lanai      U.S.A. (HI).
                                           semicarinata.                       tree.
C............           2  R1             Partulina         Achatinellidae..  Snail, Lanai      U.S.A. (HI).
                                           variabilis.                         tree.
C............           2  R1             Partula           Partulidae......  Snail,            U.S.A. (MP).
                                           langfordi.                          Langford's tree.
PE...........           2  R2             Assiminea pecos.  Assimineidae....  Snail, Pecos      U.S.A. (NM, TX),
                                                                               assiminea.        Mexico.
C............           2  R2             Cochliopa texana  Hydrobiidae.....  Snail, Phantom    U.S.A. (TX).
                                                                               Lake cave.
C............           2  R1             Eua zebrina.....  Partulidae......  Snail, Tutuila    U.S.A. (AS).
                                                                               tree.
C............           2  R2             Tryonia cheatumi  Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail       U.S.A. (TX).
                                                                               (=Tryonia),
                                                                               Phantom.
C*...........           2  R2             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail,      U.S.A. (NM).
                                           chupaderae.                         Chupadera.
C*...........          11  R2             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail,      U.S.A. (NM).
                                           gilae.                              Gila.
C............           2  R2             Tryonia           Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail,      U.S.A. (TX)
                                           circumstriata                       Gonzales.
                                           (=stocktonensis
                                           ).
C............           5  R2             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail,      U.S.A. (AZ),
                                           thompsoni.                          Huachuca.         Mexico.
C*...........          11  R2             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail, New  New U.S.A. (NM).
                                           thermalis.                          Mexico.
C*...........           2  R2             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail,      U.S.A. (AZ).
                                           morrisoni.                          Page.

[[Page 40675]]

 
PE...........           2  R2             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail,      U.S.A. (NM).
                                           roswellensis.                       Roswell.
C............           2  R2             Pyrgulopsis       Hydrobiidae.....  Springsnail,      U.S.A. (AZ).
                                           trivialis.                          Three Forks.
C............           5  R1             Newcombia         Achatinellidae..  Tree snail,       U.S.A. (HI)
                                           cumingi.                            Newcomb's.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Insects
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C............          11  R6             Zaitzevia         Elmidae.........  Beetle, Warm      U.S.A. (MT).
                                           thermae.                            Springs
                                                                               Zaitzevian
                                                                               riffle.
C............           2  R1             Nysius            Lygaeidae.......  Bug, Wekiu......  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           wekiuicola.
C............           3  R1             Hypolimnas        Nymphalidae.....  Butterfly,        U.S.A. (GU, MP).
                                           octucula                            Mariana eight-
                                           mariannensis.                       spot.
C............           2  R1             Vagrans egestina  Nymphalidae.....  Butterfly,        U.S.A. (GU, MP).
                                                                               Mariana
                                                                               wandering.
PE...........         N/A  R2             Euphydryas        Nymphalidae.....  Butterfly,        U.S.A. (NM).
                                           anicia                              Sacramento
                                           cloudcrofti.                        Mountains
                                                                               checkerspot.
C............           6  R1             Euphydryas        Nymphalidae.....  Butterfly,        U.S.A. (OR, WA),
                                           editha taylori.                     whulge            Canada (BC).
                                                                               checkerspot
                                                                               (=Taylor's).
C............           5  R4             Glyphopsyche      Limnephilidae...  Caddisfly,        U.S.A. (TN).
                                           sequatchie.                         Sequatchie.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s major.                            beaver.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s caecus.                           Clifton.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s pholeter.                         greater Adams.
C............           5  R5             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave Beetle,      U.S.A. (VA).
                                           s holsingeri.                       Holsinger's.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s frigidus.                         icebox.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (TN).
                                           s inquisitor.                       inquirer.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s cataryctos.                       lesser Adams.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s troglodytes.                      Louisville.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s inexpectatus.                     surprising.
C............           5  R4             Pseudanophthalmu  Carabidae.......  Cave beetle,      U.S.A. (KY).
                                           s parvus.                           Tatum.
C............           9  R1             Megalagrion       Coenagrionidae..  Damselfly,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           nigrohamatum                        blackline
                                           nigrolineatum.                      Hawaiian.
C............           2  R1             Megalagrion       Coenagrionidae..  Damselfly,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           leptodemus.                         crimson
                                                                               Hawaiian.
C............           2  R1             Megalagrion       Coenagrionidae..  Damselfly,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           nesiotes.                           flying earwig
                                                                               Hawaiian.
C............           2  R1             Megalagrion       Coenagrionidae..  Damselfly,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           oceanicum.                          oceanic
                                                                               Hawaiian.
C............           8  R1             Megalagrion       Coenagrionidae..  Damselfly,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           xanthomelas.                        orangeblack
                                                                               Hawaiian.
C............           2  R1             Megalagrion       Coenagrionidae..  Damselfly,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           pacificum.                          Pacific
                                                                               Hawaiian.
C............           5  R1             Phaeogramma sp..  Tephritidae.....  Gall fly,         U.S.A. (HI).
                                                                               Po'olanui.
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           aglaia.                             [unnamed].
C............           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           attigua.                            [unnamed].
C............           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           digressa.                           [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           heteroneura.                        [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           montgomeryi.                        [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila mulli  Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                                                               [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           musaphila.                          [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           neoclavisetae.                      [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           obatai.                             [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           substenoptera.                      [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           tarphytrichia.                      [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hemipeza.                           [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           ochrobasis.                         [unnamed].
PE...........           2  R1             Drosophila        Drosophilidae...  Pomace fly,       U.S.A. (HI).
                                           differens.                          [unnamed].
C............           5  R2             Heterelmis        Elmidae.........  Riffle beetle,    U.S.A. (AZ).
                                           stephani.                           Stephan's.
PE...........           3  R1             Pseudocopaeodes   Hesperiidae.....  Skipper, Carson   U.S.A. (CA, NV).
                                           eunus obscurus.                     wandering.
C............          11  R3             Hesperia dacotae  Hesperiidae.....  Skipper, Dakota.  U.S.A. (MN, IA,
                                                                                                 SD, ND, IL),
                                                                                                 Canada.
C............           5  R1             Polites mardon..  Hesperiidae.....  Skipper, Mardon.  U.S.A. (CA, OR,
                                                                                                 WA).
C*...........           9  R6             Cicindela         Cicindelidae....  Tiger beetle,     U.S.A. (UT).
                                           limbata                             Coral Pink Sand
                                           albissima.                          Dunes.
C............           5  R4             Cicindela         Cicindelidae....  Tiger beetle,     U.S.A. (FL).
                                           highlandensis.                      highlands.
C............           3  R6             Cicindela         Cicindelidae....  Tiger beetle,     U.S.A. (NE).
                                           nevadica                            Salt Creek.
                                           lincolniana.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 40676]]

 
                                                    Arachnids
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C............           2  R2             Cicurina wartoni  Dictynidae......  Meshweaver,       U.S.A. (TX).
                                                                               Warton's cave.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Crustaceans
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PE...........         N/A  R2             Gammarus          Gammaridae......  Amphipod, Noel's  U.S.A. (NM).
                                           desperatus.
C............          11  R4             Fallicambarus     Cambaridae......  Crayfish, Camp    U.S.A. (MS).
                                           gordoni.                            Shelby
                                                                               burrowing.
C............           2  R1             Metabetaeus       Alpheidae.......  Shrimp,           U.S.A. (HI).
                                           lohena.                             anchialine pool.
C............           2  R1             Antecaridina      Atyidae.........  Shrimp,           U.S.A. (HI),
                                           lauensis.                           anchialine pool.  Mozambique,
                                                                                                 Saudi Arabia,
                                                                                                 Japan.
C............           2  R1             Calliasmata       Alpheidae.......  Shrimp,           U.S.A. (HI),
                                           pholidota.                          anchialine pool.  Funafuti Atoll,
                                                                                                 Saudi Arabia,
                                                                                                 Sinai
                                                                                                 Peninsula,
                                                                                                 Tuvalu.
C............           2  R1             Palaemonella      Palaemonidae....  Shrimp,           U.S.A. (HI).
                                           burnsi.                             anchialine pool.
C............           2  R1             Procaris          Procarididae....  Shrimp,           U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hawaiana.                           anchialine pool.
C............           2  R1             Vetericaris       Procaridae......  Shrimp,           U.S.A. (HI).
                                           chaceorum.                          anchialine pool.
C............           5  R4             Typhlatya monae.  Atyidae.........  Shrimp,           U.S.A. (PR),
                                                                               troglobitic       Barbuda,
                                                                               groundwater.      Dominican
                                                                                                 Republic.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Flowering Plants
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C............          11  R1             Abronia alpina..  Nyctaginaceae...  Sand-verbena,     U.S.A. (CA).
                                                                               Ramshaw Meadows.
C............          11  R6             Alicelia          Polemoniaceae...  Alice-flower,     U.S.A. (UT).
                                           caespitosa.                         wonderland.
PE...........         N/A  R1             Ambrosia pumila.  Asteraceae......  Ambrosia, San     U.S.A. (CA),
                                                                               Diego.            Mexico.
C............          11  R4             Arabis georgiana  Brassicaceae....  Rockcress,        U.S.A. (AL, GA).
                                                                               Georgia.
C............          11  R4             Argythamnia       Euphorbiaceae...  Silverbrush,      U.S.A. (FL).
                                           blodgettii.                         Blodgett's.
C............           3  R1             Artemisia         Asteraceae......  Wormwood,         U.S.A. (OR, WA).
                                           campestris var.                     northern.
                                           wormskioldii.
C............           2  R1             Astelia           Liliaceae.......  Pa`iniu.........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           waialealae.
C............           5  R4             Aster georgianus  Asteraceae......  Aster, Georgia..  U.S.A. (AL, FL,
                                                                                                 GA, NC, SC).
C............           8  R6             Astragalus        Fabaceae........  Milk-vetch,       U.S.A. (UT).
                                           equisolensis.                       horseshoe.
C............           8  R6             Astragalus        Fabaceae........  Milk-vetch,       U.S.A. (CO).
                                           tortipes.                           Sleeping Ute.
C............           5  R1             Bidens            Asteraceae......  Ko`oko`olau.....  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           amplectens.
C............           6  R1             Bidens            Asteraceae......  Ko`oko`olau.....  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           campylotheca
                                           pentamera.
C............           3  R1             Bidens            Asteraceae......  Ko`oko`olau.....  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           campylotheca
                                           waihoiensis.
C............           8  R1             Bidens conjuncta  Asteraceae......  Ko`oko`olau.....  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           6  R1             Bidens micrantha  Asteraceae......  Ko`oko`olau.....  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           ctenophylla.
C............           5  R4             Brickellia        Asteraceae......  Brickell-bush,    U.S.A. (FL).
                                           mosieri.                            Florida.
C............           5  R1             Calamagrostis     Poaceae.........  Reedgrass,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           expansa.                            [unnamed].
C............           5  R1             Calamagrostis     Poaceae.........  Reedgrass,        U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hillebrandii.                       [unnamed].
C............           5  R4             Calliandra        Mimosaceae......  No common name..  U.S.A. (PR).
                                           locoensis.
C............           2  R1             Calochortus       Liliaceae.......  Mariposa lily,    U.S.A. (CA).
                                           persistens.                         Siskiyou.
C............           5  R4             Calyptranthes     Myrtaceae.......  No common name..  U.S.A. (PR).
                                           estremerae.
C............           5  R1             Canavalia         Fabaceae........  `Awikiwiki......  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           napaliensis.
C............           2  R1             Canavalia         Fabaceae........  `Awikiwiki......  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           pubescens.
C............           8  R6             Castilleja        Scrophulariaceae  Paintbrush,       U.S.A. (UT).
                                           aquariensis.                        Aquarius.
C*...........          11  R1             Castilleja        Scrophulariaceae  Paintbrush,       U.S.A. (ID).
                                           christii.                           Christ's.
C............           6  R4             Chamaecrista      Fabaceae........  Pea, Big Pine     U.S.A. (FL).
                                           lineata                             partridge.
                                           keyensis.
C............           6  R4             Chamaesyce        Euphorbiaceae...  Sandmat,          U.S.A. (FL).
                                           deltoidea                           pineland.
                                           pinetorum.
C............           6  R4             Chamaesyce        Euphorbiaceae...  Spurge, wedge...  U.S.A. (FL).
                                           deltoidea
                                           serpyllum.
C............           5  R1             Chamaesyce        Euphorbiaceae...  `Akoko..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           eleanoriae.
C............           6  R1             Chamaesyce remyi  Euphorbiaceae...  `Akoko..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           var. remyi.
C............           6  R1             Chamaesyce remyi  Euphorbiaceae...  `Akoko..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           var. kauaiensis.
C............           5  R1             Charpentiera      Amaranthaceae...  Papala..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           densiflora.
C*...........           3  R1             Chorizanthe       Polygonaceae....  Spineflower, San  U.S.A. (CA).
                                           parryi var.                         Fernando Valley.
                                           fernandina.
C............           5  R4             Chromolaena       Asteraceae......  Thoroughwort,     U.S.A. (FL).
                                           frustrata.                          Cape Sable.
C............           2  R4             Consolea          Cactaceae.......  Cactus, Florida   U.S.A. (FL).
                                           corallicola.                        semaphore.
C............           2  R4             Cordia rupicola.  Boraginaceae....  No common name..  U.S.A. (PR),
                                                                                                 Anegada
C............           2  R1             Cyanea            Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           asplenifolia.
C............           5  R1             Cyanea calycina.  Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           2  R1             Cyanea            Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           eleeleensis.
C............           2  R1             Cyanea kuhihewa.  Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Cyanea kunthiana  Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Cyanea            Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           lanceolata.
C............           2  R1             Cyanea obtusa...  Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Cyanea            Campanulaceae...  Haha............  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           tritomantha.

[[Page 40677]]

 
C............           2  R1             Cyrtandra         Gesneriaceae....  Ha`iwale........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           filipes.
C............           5  R1             Cyrtandra         Gesneriaceae....  Ha`iwale........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           kaulantha.
C............           5  R1             Cyrtandra         Gesneriaceae....  Ha`iwale........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           oenobarba.
C............           2  R1             Cyrtandra         Gesneriaceae....  Ha`iwale........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           oxybapha.
C............           2  R1             Cyrtandra         Gesneriaceae....  Ha`iwale........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           sessilis.
C............           6  R4             Dalea             Fabaceae........  Prairie-clover,   U.S.A. (FL).
                                           carthagenensis                      Florida.
                                           floridana.
C............           5  R4             Digitaria         Poaceae.........  Crabgrass,        U.S.A. (FL).
                                           pauciflora.                         Florida
                                                                               pineland.
C............           6  R1             Dubautia          Asteraceae......  Na`ena`e........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           imbricata
                                           imbricata.
C............           3  R1             Dubautia          Asteraceae......  Na`ena`e........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           plantaginea
                                           magnifolia.
C............           5  R1             Dubautia          Asteraceae......  Na`ena`e........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           waialealae.
C............           6  R2             Echinomastus      Cactaceae.......  Cactus, Acuna...  U.S.A. (AZ),
                                           erectocentrus                                         Mexico.
                                           var. acunensis.
C............          11  R1             Erigeron          Asteraceae......  Daisy, basalt...  U.S.A. (WA).
                                           basalticus.
C............           5  R2             Erigeron          Asteraceae......  Fleabane, Lemmon  U.S.A. (AZ).
                                           lemmonii.
C............           2  R1             Eriogonum codium  Polygonaceae....  Buckwheat,        U.S.A. (WA).
                                                                               Umtanum Desert.
C............           5  R1             Eriogonum         Polygonaceae....  Buckwheat, Red    U.S.A. (CA).
                                           kelloggii.                          Mountain.
C............           5  R1             Festuca           Poaceae.........  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hawaiiensis.
C............          11  R2             Festuca ligulata  Poaceae.........  Fescue,           U.S.A. (TX),
                                                                               Guadalupe.        Mexico.
C............           5  R1             Gardenia remyi..  Rubiaceae.......  Nanu............  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Geranium          Geraniaceae.....  Nohoanu.........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hanaense.
C............           8  R1             Geranium          Geraniaceae.....  Nohoanu.........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hillebrandii.
C............           2  R1             Geranium          Geraniaceae.....  Nohoanu.........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           kauaiense.
C............           5  R4             Gonocalyx         Ericaceae.......  No common name..  U.S.A. (PR).
                                           concolor.
C............           5  R1             Hedyotis          Rubiaceae.......  Kampu`a.........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           fluviatilis.
C............           5  R4             Helianthus        Asteraceae......  Sunflower,        U.S.A. (AL, GA,
                                           verticillatus.                      whorled.          TN).
C............           5  R2             Hibiscus          Malvaceae.......  Rose-mallow,      U.S.A. (TX).
                                           dasycalyx.                          Neches River.
C............           6  R4             Indigofera        Fabaceae........  Indigo, Florida.  U.S.A. (FL).
                                           mucronata
                                           keyensis.
C............           5  R1             Ivesia webberi..  Rosaceae........  Ivesia, Webber..  U.S.A. (CA, NV).
C............           3  R1             Joinvillea        Joinvilleaceae..  Ohe.............  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           ascendens
                                           ascendens.
C............           5  R1             Korthalsella      Viscaceae.......  Hulumoa.........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           degeneri.
C............           5  R1             Labordia helleri  Loganiaceae.....  Kamakahala......  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Labordia pumila.  Loganiaceae.....  Kamakahala......  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Lagenifera erici  Asteraceae......  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Lagenifera        Asteraceae......  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           helenae.
C............           5  R4             Leavenworthia     Brassicaceae....  Gladecress,       U.S.A. (AL).
                                           crassa.                             [unnamed].
C............           2  R2             Leavenworthia     Brassicaceae....  Gladecress,       U.S.A. (TX).
                                           texana.                             Texas golden.
C*...........           2  R1             Lepidium          Brassicaceae....  Peppergrass,      U.S.A. (ID).
                                           papilliferum.                       Slick spot.
C............           5  R4             Lesquerella       Brassicaceae....  Bladderpod,       U.S.A. (IN, KY,
                                           globosa.                            Short's.          TN).
C............           5  R1             Lesquerella       Brassicaceae....  Bladderpod,       U.S.A. (WA).
                                           tuplashensis.                       White Bluffs.
PE...........           3  R1             Limnanthes        Limnanthaceae...  Meadowfoam,       U.S.A. (OR).
                                           floccosa                            large-flowered
                                           grandiflora.                        wooly.
C............           2  R4             Linum arenicola.  Linaceae........  Flax, sand......  U.S.A. (FL).
C............           3  R4             Linum carteri     Linaceae........  Flax, Carter's    U.S.A. (FL).
                                           carteri.                            small-flowered.
PE...........           2  R1             Lomatium cookii.  Apiaceae........  Lomatium, Cook's  U.S.A. (OR).
C............           5  R1             Lysimachia        Primulaceae.....  Makanoe lehua...  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           daphnoides.
C............           5  R1             Melicope          Rutaceae........  Alani...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           christopherseni
                                           i.
C............           2  R1             Melicope          Rutaceae........  Alani...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           degeneri.
C............           2  R1             Melicope hiiakae  Rutaceae........  Alani...........  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           2  R1             Melicope makahae  Rutaceae........  Alani...........  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           2  R1             Melicope          Rutaceae........  Alani...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           paniculata.
C............           5  R1             Melicope          Rutaceae........  Alani...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           puberula.
C............           5  R1             Myrsine           Myrsinaceae.....  Kolea...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           fosbergii.
C............           2  R1             Myrsine mezii...  Myrsinaceae.....  Kolea...........  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Myrsine           Myrsinaceae.....  Kolea...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           vaccinioides.
C............           8  R5             Narthecium        Liliaceae.......  Asphodel, bog...  U.S.A. (DE, NC,
                                           americanum.                                           NJ, NY, SC).
PE...........           1  R1             Nesogenes         Verbenaceae.....  No common name..  U.S.A. (MP).
                                           rotensis.
C............           5  R1             Nothocestrum      Solanaceae......  `Aiea...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           latifolium.
C............           2  R1             Ochrosia          Apocynaceae.....  Holei...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           haleakalae.
PE...........           2  R1             Osmoxylon         Araliaceae......  No common name..  U.S.A. (MP).
                                           mariannense.
C............           5  R5             Panicum hirstii.  Poaceae.........  Panic grass,      U.S.A. (DE, GA,
                                                                               Hirst`.           NC, NJ).
C............          11  R2             Paronychia        Caryophyllaceae.  Whitlow-wort,     U.S.A. (TX).
                                           congesta.                           bushy.
C............           6  R2             Pediocactus       Cactaceae.......  Cactus,           U.S.A. (AZ).
                                           peeblesianus                        Fickeisen
                                           fickeiseniae.                       plains.
C............           5  R6             Penstemon         Scrophulariaceae  Beardtongue,      U.S.A. (CO).
                                           debilis.                            Parachute.
C............           5  R6             Penstemon         Scrophulariaceae  Beardtongue,      U.S.A. (CO, UT).
                                           grahamii.                           Graham.
C*...........           6  R6             Penstemon         Scrophulariaceae  Beardtongue,      U.S.A. (CO, UT).
                                           scariosus                           White River.
                                           albifluvis.

[[Page 40678]]

 
C............           2  R1             Peperomia         Piperaceae......  `Ala `ala wai     U.S.A. (HI).
                                           subpetiolata.                       nui.
C............          11  R6             Phacelia          Hydrophyllaceae.  Phacelia,         U.S.A. (CO).
                                           submutica.                          DeBeque.
C............           2  R1             Phyllostegia      Lamiaceae.......  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           bracteata.
C............           5  R1             Phyllostegia      Lamiaceae.......  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           floribunda.
C............           2  R1             Phyllostegia      Lamiaceae.......  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hispida.
C............           5  R1             Pittosporum       Pittosporaceae..  Ho`awa..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           napaliense.
C............           5  R4             Platanthera       Orchidaceae.....  Orchid, white     U.S.A. (AL, GA,
                                           integrilabia.                       fringeless.       KY, MS, NC, SC,
                                                                                                 TN, VA).
C............           6  R1             Platydesma        Rutaceae........  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           cornuta cornuta.
C............           6  R1             Platydesma        Rutaceae........  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           cornuta
                                           decurrens.
C............           2  R1             Platydesma remyi  Rutaceae........  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           5  R1             Platydesma        Rutaceae........  Pilo kea lau      U.S.A. (HI).
                                           rostrata.                           li`i.
C............           5  R1             Pleomele          Agavaceae.......  Hala pepe.......  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           forbesii.
PE...........           2  R1             Polygonum         Polygonaceae....  Polygonum,        U.S.A. (CA).
                                           hickmanii.                          Scotts Valley.
C............           5  R1             Potentilla        Rosaceae........  Cinquefoil,       U.S.A. (NV).
                                           basaltica.                          Soldier Meadows.
C............           5  R1             Pritchardia       Asteraceae......  Lo`ulu,           U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hardyi.                             (=Na`ena`e)..
C............           6  R1             Pseudognaphalium  Asteraceae......  `Ena`ena........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           (=Gnaphalium)
                                           sandwicensium
                                           var molokaiense.
C............           2  R1             Psychotria        Rubiaceae.......  Kopiko..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           grandiflora.
C............           3  R1             Psychotria        Rubiaceae.......  Kopiko..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hexandra
                                           oahuensis.
C............           2  R1             Psychotria        Rubiaceae.......  Kopiko..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hobdyi.
C............           5  R1             Pteralyxia        Apocynaceae.....  Kaulu...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           macrocarpa.
C............           5  R1             Ranunculus        Ranunculaceae...  Makou...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           hawaiensis.
C............           2  R1             Ranunculus        Ranunculaceae...  Makou...........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           mauiensis.
C *..........           2  R1             Rorippa           Brassicaceae....  Cress, Tahoe      U.S.A. (CA, NV).
                                           subumbellata.                       yellow.
C............           2  R1             Schiedea          Caryophyllaceae.  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           attenuata.
C............           2  R1             Schiedea          Caryophyllaceae.  Ma`oli`oli......  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           pubescens.
C............           2  R1             Schiedea          Caryophyllaceae.  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           salicaria.
C............           5  R1             Sedum             Crassulaceae....  Stonecrop, Red    U.S.A. (CA).
                                           eastwoodiae.                        Mountain.
C............           5  R1             Sicyos            Cucurbitaceae...  `Anunu..........  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           macrophyllus.
C............           9  R1             Sidalcea          Malvaceae.......  Checkerbloom,     U.S.A. (CA).
                                           hickmanii                           Parish's.
                                           parishii.
C............           5  R1             Solanum nelsonii  Solanaceae......  Popolo..........  U.S.A. (HI).
C............           2  R1             Stenogyne         Lamiaceae.......  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           cranwelliae.
C............           2  R1             Stenogyne         Lamiaceae.......  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           kealiae.
PE...........           2  R1             Tabernaemontana   Apocynaceae.....  No common name..  U.S.A. (GU, MP).
                                           rotensis.
C............           2  R1             Zanthoxylum       Rutaceae........  A`e.............  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           oahuense.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Ferns and Allies
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C*...........          11  R1             Botrychium        Ophioglossaceae.  Moonwort,         U.S.A. (CA, CO,
                                           lineare.                            slender.          ID, MT, OR,
                                                                                                 WA), Canada
                                                                                                 (BC, NB, QC).
C............           6  R1             Cyclosorus        Thelypteridaceae  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           boydiae boydiae.
C............           6  R1             Cyclosorus        Thelypteridaceae  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           boydiae
                                           kipahuluensis.
C............           2  R1             Doryopteris       Dryopteridaceae.  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           takeuchii.
C............           2  R1             Dryopteris        Dryopteridaceae.  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           tenebrosa.
C............           2  R1             Microlepia        Dennstaedtiaceae  No common name..  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           mauiensis.
C............           2  R1             Phlegmariurus     Lycopodiaceae...  Wawae`iole......  U.S.A. (HI).
                                           stemmermanniae.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 No data.


                        Table 2.--Former Candidate and Former Proposed Animals and Plants
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Status
-----------------------------  Lead  region   Scientific name       Family        Common name     Historic range
     Code           Expl
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Mammals
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E............  L              R1             Sorex ornatus     Soricidae......  Shrew, Buena     U.S.A. (CA).
                                              relictus.                          Vista Lake
                                                                                 ornate.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Amphibians
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E............  L              R4             Rana capito       Ranidae........  Frog,            U.S.A. (AL, FL,
                                              sevosa.                            Mississippi      LA, MS).
                                                                                 gopher
                                                                                 (Wherever
                                                                                 found west of
                                                                                 Mobile and
                                                                                 Tombigbee
                                                                                 Rivers in AL,
                                                                                 MS, and LA).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 40679]]

 
                                                     Fishes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E............  L              R4             Etheostoma        Percidae.......  Darter,          U.S.A. (AL).
                                              chermocki.                         vermilion.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Insects
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rc...........  I              R1             Tinostoma         Sphingidae.....  Moth, fabulous   U.S.A. (HI).
                                              smaragditis.                       green sphinx.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Flowering Plants
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E............  L              R4             Carex lutea.....  Cyperaceae.....  Sedge, golden..  U.S.A. (NC).
E............  L              R1             Hackelia venusta  Boraginaceae...  Stickseed,       U.S.A. (WA).
                                                                                 showy.
Rc...........  M              R1             Pleomele          Agavaceae......  Hala pepe......  U.S.A. (HI).
                                              fernaldii.
T............  L              R6             Yermo             Asteraceae.....  Yellowhead,      U.S.A. (WY).
                                              xanthocephalus.                    desert.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 02-14963 Filed 6-12-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P