[Federal Register Volume 66, Number 239 (Wednesday, December 12, 2001)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 64176-64207]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 01-30367]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 60

[AD-FRL-7114-7 ]


Amendments to Standards of Performance for New Stationary 
Sources; Monitoring Requirements

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule; amendments and request for public comment.

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SUMMARY: This proposal is a supplement to proposals previously 
published in the Federal Register. Today's action proposes revisions to 
previously proposed Performance Specification 11

[[Page 64177]]

(PS-11): Specifications and Test Procedures for Particulate Matter 
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources and 
Procedure 2: Quality Assurance Requirements for Particulate Matter 
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources. We are 
seeking public comment on these proposed revisions.

DATES: Comments. You must submit comments so that they are received on 
or before January 11, 2002.
    Public Hearing. If a public hearing has been requested, and anyone 
contacts us requesting to speak at a public hearing by December 26, 
2001, a public hearing will be held on January 28, 2002 beginning at 
9:00 a.m. If you are interested in attending the hearing, you must call 
the contact person listed below (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). 
If a hearing is held rebuttal and supplementary information may be 
submitted to the docket for 30 days following the hearing.
    Request to Speak at Hearing. If you wish to present oral testimony 
at the public hearing, you must call the contact person listed below 
(see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) by January 11, 2002.

ADDRESSES: Comments. Submit your written comments (in duplicate if 
possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (LE-131), 
Attention: Docket No. A-2001-10, Room M-1500, U. S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20460. We request 
that you send a separate copy of your comments to the contact person 
listed below (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
    Public Hearing. If anyone contacts us requesting a public hearing, 
it will be held at the Emission Measurement Center, Research Triangle 
Park, North Carolina. If you are interested in attending the hearing or 
presenting oral testimony, you must contact the person listed below 
(see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
    Docket. A docket, No. A-2001-10, containing information relevant to 
this rulemaking, is available for your use between 8:30 a.m. and 5:30 
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. You can find the 
docket at EPA's Air Docket Section, Room M=-1500, First Floor, 
Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20460. You may be 
charged a reasonable fee for copying.
    Comments. You may submit your comments by electronic mail (e-mail) 
to: [email protected] and [email protected]. You must submit e-
mail comments either as an ASCII file avoiding the use of special 
characters and any form of encryption or as an attachment in 
WordPerfect version 5.1, 6.1 or Corel 8 file format. You 
must note the docket number: (A-2001-10) on all comments and data 
submitted in electronic form. Do not submit confidential business 
information (CBI) by e-mail. Electronic comments may be filed online at 
many Federal Depository Libraries.
    Worldwide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket, 
you can find an electronic copy of this supplemental proposal on the 
WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature, 
we will post a copy of the supplemental proposal on the Emission 
Measurement Center's TTN web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc under 
Monitoring. We are only accepting comment of the items in this 
supplemental proposal. The TTN provides information and technology 
exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If you need more 
information regarding the TTN, call the TTN HELP line at (919) 541-
5384.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning the 
supplemental proposal, contact Mr. Daniel G. Bivins, Emission 
Measurement Center (MD-19), Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis 
Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle 
Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919) 541-5244.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Outline. We provided the following outline 
to aid in reading the preamble to the supplemental proposal.

I. Introduction
II. Summary of Changes
    A. Changes to PS-11
    B. Changes to Procedure 2
III. Administrative Requirements
    A. Docket
    B. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    D. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
    E. Paperwork Reduction Act
    F. Unfunded Mandates Act
    G. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
    H. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    I. Executive Order 13084, Consultation and Coordination with 
Indian Tribal Governments
    J. Executive Order 13211, Energy Effects

I. Introduction

    PS-11, Specifications and Test Procedures for Particulate Matter 
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources, and 
Procedure 2, Quality Assurance Requirements for Particulate Matter 
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources, were 
first published in the Federal Register on April 19, 1996 (61 FR 17358) 
as part of the proposed Hazardous Waste Combustion MACT standard. PS-11 
and Procedure 2 were published again on December 30, 1997 (62 FR 67788) 
for public comment on revisions made to these procedures. Since then, 
we have continued to learn about the capabilities and performance of PM 
CEMS through performing and witnessing field evaluations and through 
discussions with our European counterparts.
    Additional experience with the procedures of PS-11 and Procedure 2 
led us to propose these further revisions to the December 30, 1997, 
proposed versions. Today's supplemental proposal provides you an 
opportunity to comment on the additional revisions made to PS-11 and 
Procedure 2. Note, we are only accepting comments on the revisions 
discussed in this supplemental proposal, not the entire contents of PS-
11 and Procedure 2, because we have already provided a full opportunity 
for comment on everything but the changes being proposed today. The 
changes proposed in today's notice build upon our previous proposal, 
are largely in response to comments received on that proposal, and 
further reflect relevant new information obtained subsequently. Because 
we are seeking comment on only these changes, we believe that 30 days 
provides sufficient opportunity for the public to assess and comment on 
today's reproposal.

II. Summary of Changes

    A major, non-technical change to PS-11 and Procedure 2 is the 
presentation, which is now in plain language. We believe this change 
makes the specifications more understandable. Also, a minor amount of 
reorganization was done to accommodate the plain language changes. The 
technical changes are presented in paragraphs A and B. We believe these 
changes make PS-11 and Procedure 2 more user friendly and applicable to 
all source categories. These changes also fill the gaps that existed in 
the earlier proposal.

A. Changes to PS-11

1. Sampling Time for Batch CEMS
    Section 6.2.3 of the previous proposal stated:

    Sampling time no less than 35 percent of the averaging period 
for the applicable

[[Page 64178]]

standard or no less than 35 percent of the response time.

    In this proposal, the sampling time is being revised in sections 
13.3(2)(ii) and 13.3(2)(i) as follows:

    Your PM CEMS sampling time must be no less than 30 percent of 
the cycle time.

    The cycle time must be no longer than 15 minutes. This proposed 
change to the previous version was made to be consistent with the CEMS 
cycle time requirement in 40 CFR 60.13 (d)(2).
2. Paired Trains for Reference Method (RM) Sampling
    Section 8.4.3 of the previous proposal stated:

    Use of paired trains is recommended.
The use of paired trains for the RM sampling is being revised in 
Section 8.6(1)(i) as follows:
    You must use paired RM trains when collecting manual PM data.
    Originally, we only recommended the use of paired trains for the 
RM. Now, we are proposing to require paired trains. Paired trains 
will help ensure the validity of the RM data and eliminate the 
possibility that correlation problems are the result of bad RM data. 
We have witnessed testing and obtained results where the paired 
trains failed the precision criteria. In these cases, it must be 
assumed that at least one RM sample was incorrect. Several of you 
commented that we need to specify how much error is acceptable in 
the RM measurement and to specify when to eliminate imprecise RM 
data. Therefore, we needed to require paired trains along with 
setting precision limits for the RM data.

3. Reference Method for Particulate Sampling

    Section 8.4.2 of the previous proposal referenced the use of 
Method 5I. The RM for particulate sampling is being revised in 
Section 8.6(1) to require the RM specified in the applicable 
regulation.
    In the 1997 draft PS-11, we specified Method 5I as the 
correlation RM. This was an oversight on our part. Many of you 
commented that other PM methods should be included. We intend that 
the RM used to correlate the PM CEMS be that method designated in 
the applicable regulation. Methods 5 and 17 are applicable RMs. The 
applicable regulation specifies the RM which in turn designates what 
is included as PM. This is important for dealing with condensible 
PM.

4. Condensible Particulate

    In the previous proposal, condensible particulate was not 
specifically addressed. Now, in Section 8.1(1) and 8.1(1)(ii), we 
are making the following additions:
    You must select a PM CEMS that is appropriate for the flue gas 
conditions at your source.
    If condensible PM is an issue, your PM CEMS must maintain the 
sample gas temperature at the same temperature as the RM filter.

    Many of you commented that we needed to address the issue of 
condensible particulate. Some suggested that the RM filter temperature 
should be set to match the PM CEMS temperature. Since the RM designates 
what is considered particulate matter for a source category, we believe 
that the PM CEMS temperature must be maintained at the temperature of 
the RM filter. For example, if Method 5 at 248 deg.F  
25 deg.F is the designated RM and condensible PM is an issue, your PM 
CEMS must report the PM concentration at 248 deg.F  
25 deg.F. Some PM CEMS models may not be applicable for sources where 
condensible PM is an issue.
5. Maximum PM Concentration During Initial Correlation Test
    Section 8.4.5 of the 1997 proposal stated:

    Vary the process or PM control device as much as the process 
allows. If it is not possible or practical to obtain PM measurements 
at the standard, it is recommended that at least six measurement 
sets be performed at the maximum PM emission level achievable. * * *

    The PM concentrations to be included in the initial correlation 
test are being revised in Section 8.6(4) as follows:

    You must attempt to make the simultaneous PM CEMS and RM 
measurements at three different levels of PM concentrations over the 
full range of operations identified during the Correlation Test 
Planning Period. You must attempt to obtain the different levels of 
PM mass concentration by varying process or PM control device 
conditions as identified during your PM CEMS Shakedown period and 
Correlation Test Planning Period.

    Many of you commented that causing PM emissions to be twice the 
emission standard was not acceptable procedure for generating PM CEMS 
correlation data. Some of you wanted to collect data over longer 
periods to cover the full operating range of PM concentration. Others 
of you wanted us to develop methods for generating PM at different 
concentration levels. Therefore, what we are proposing is to require a 
Correlation Test Planning Period during which your PM CEMS measures PM 
and records the monitor's readings that occur during the full range of 
operating conditions. During the Correlation Test Planning Period, we 
believe that you can establish the process and control device settings 
that cause higher and lower PM CEMS responses. The range of PM CEMS 
readings recorded during this period establishes the levels of PM 
concentration that you must include in your PM CEMS correlation data 
set. We are no longer proposing to require you to exceed your emission 
limit in order to correlate your PM CEMS.
6. Levels of PM Concentration for the Correlation Test
    In the previous proposal, Section 8.4.5 listed the following three 
levels of PM concentrations to be included in the correlation test:

    At least three of the minimum 15 measured data points must lie 
within each of the following levels:
    Level 1: 0 to 30 percent of the maximum PM concentration.

    Level 2: 30 to 60 percent of the maximum PM concentration.
    Level 3: 60 to 100 percent of the maximum PM concentration.

    In Sections 8.6(4)(iii),(iv) and 8.6(5), we are proposing to revise 
these levels as follows:

    At least 20 percent of the minimum 15 measured data points you 
use must be contained in each of the following levels as determined 
by your PM CEMS during the Correlation Test Planning Period:
     Level 1: From no PM (zero concentration) emissions to 
50 percent of the maximum PM concentration;
     Level 2: 25 to 75 percent of the maximum PM 
concentration; and
     Level 3: 50 to 100 percent of the maximum PM 
concentration.
    Although the above levels overlap, you may only apply individual 
run data in one level.
    If you cannot obtain three distinct levels of PM concentration 
during normal operations, you must perform correlation testing at 
whatever range of PM concentrations your PM CEMS recorded during the 
Correlation Test Planning Period. To ensure that the range of data 
for your PM CEMS's correlation is maximized, you must follow one or 
more of the steps in paragraphs (i) through (iv).

    Many of you commented that the PM concentration levels in the 1997 
draft PS-11 were too rigid and narrowly defined. You wanted flexibility 
because adjusting your air pollution control device is not an exact 
science and not always repeatable. Therefore, to provide flexibility, 
we have expanded the levels and allowed overlap between the levels. 
Also, we recognized that you may have a source that does not have much 
variability in the PM emissions. We propose to allow you to collect 
data over a narrow range of PM concentrations if that narrow range is 
supported by the data collected during the Correlation Test Planning 
Period. Also, we have included suggestions to expand the range of 
correlation data. You are encouraged to try to expand the correlation 
data set because, if you exceed the highest PM CEMS response used in 
the correlation data by 125 percent when you are monitoring emissions, 
you will need to collect additional data to add to the correlation data 
set.

[[Page 64179]]

7. Extrapolation of the PM CEMS Correlation Relation
    In the previous proposal, extrapolation of the PM CEMS correlation 
relation was not specifically addressed. Now, in Section 8.8, we are 
proposing to make the following addition:

    Data you collect during the correlation testing should be 
representative of the full range of normal operating conditions at 
your source as observed during the Correlation Test Planning Period. 
But, this may in some situations consist of data over a narrow range 
of PM concentration and PM CEMS response that is well below your 
source's PM emission limit. Even so, you must use this data to 
develop the correlation.
    If your source later generates three consecutive hourly averages 
greater than 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response (e.g., 
milliamp reading) used for the correlation curve, you must arrange 
to collect additional correlation data at the higher PM CEMS 
response, unless we, the State and or local enforcement agency 
determine that repeating the condition is not advisable.
    In this event, you must conduct three additional test runs at 
the higher response, and revise the correlation equation within 30 
days after the occurrence of the three consecutive hourly averages. 
You must use that new data along with the previous data to calculate 
a revised correlation equation.

    Since we recognize that your source's PM emissions may not have 
much variability, we propose to allow you to collect correlation data 
over a narrow range of PM concentrations. But, if three consecutive 
hourly average PM CEMS readings are greater than 125 percent of the 
highest PM CEMS reading in your correlation, we are requiring you to 
collect data at higher readings and add the new data to the correlation 
data set. Extrapolating the correlation relation and its confidence 
and/or tolerance bounds beyond the data set will necessarily result in 
decreased precision in the PM concentration reported by the PM CEMS. 
For example, if your PM CEMS responses ranged from 4.5 to 5.5 millamps 
(mA) during your correlation test, your correlation can only be used to 
report PM emission concentrations up to readings of 6.88 mA. If you 
have three consecutive hourly average PM CEMS readings greater than 
6.88 mA, you are required to collect data at the higher readings and 
add the new data to the correlation data set. We are requiring you to 
calculate a new correlation, including an examination of both 
polynomial and linear forms of the relationship. We are requiring that 
you complete the testing and correlation development within 30 days of 
the occurrence. If the reason for exceeding the 125 percent limit for 
more than three hours was due to a serious failure of the air pollution 
control system, obviously, we will not make you repeat that operating 
condition for correlation test purposes.
8. Pretest Preparations--Shakedown Period and Correlation Test Planning 
Period
    As we have stated, a Shakedown period and Correlation Test Planning 
Period did not exist in the previously proposed version of PS-11. We 
are now proposing to revise PS-11 in Sections 8.4(1) and 8.4(2) to 
include requirements for operating your PM CEMS over a shakedown period 
and over a Correlation Test Planning Period.
    Some of you commented that we should prescribe the methods to 
obtain a range of PM concentrations. We are not proposing to do this. 
Also, some of you noted that we did not define the maximum PM 
concentration for the three PM concentration levels. To assist you in 
planning to conduct the correlation testing, we are proposing to 
institute a shakedown period and a Correlation Test Planning Period. 
The shakedown period is similar to a burn-in period, where you and your 
instrument technicians become familiar with the operation of your PM 
CEMS. For some of you, the shakedown period will be long, for others, 
it will be shorter. We considered specifying an amount of time for the 
shakedown period, but we decided to give you the flexibility to decide 
when you were comfortable with the operation of your PM CEMS. Following 
the shakedown period, we envision a period when you operate your PM 
CEMS in its normal manner and record the monitor's responses. During 
this Correlation Test Planning Period, you need to establish the 
relationship between your process operation, air pollution control 
device operation and PM emissions. Again, we considered specifying an 
amount of time for the Correlation Test Planning Period, but we decided 
to give you the flexibility to decide when you understood the operation 
of your process and air pollution control device sufficiently to 
reproduce a range of PM concentrations. However, your shakedown period 
and Correlation Test Planning Period must not extend beyond the date 
when you are required to report PM emissions with your PM CEMS. You 
should use the knowledge gained during the Correlation Test Planning 
Period to operate your process in the manner necessary to obtain the 
different PM CEMS response levels during the correlation test. For 
example, if your PM CEMS had 15-minute average responses between 5.5 
and 12 mA during the Correlation Test Planning Period, you would 
operate your process to obtain correlation data points that cover 5.5 
to 12 mA output from your PM CEMS.
9. Verification of the Initial Correlation
    In the previous proposal, Section 8.5 contained the following 
requirement regarding verification testing of the initial correlation:

    For CEMS with measurement technologies insensitive to changes in 
PM properties, only one initial correlation test is required. For 
CEMS with measurement technologies sensitive to PM property changes, 
at least three correlation tests are required. The second 
correlation test result is compared to the first to determine the 
best correlation model. The two data sets are combined to calculate 
the correlation equation. The third correlation result is compared 
to the result from the first two. If this third correlation result 
confirms the findings of the original two correlations, the data 
from all three tests are combined to calculate the correlation 
equation for the PM CEMS. If the third correlation finds some other 
fit, then additional correlation tests are required until the best 
fit correlation can be determined. The final correlation equation is 
calculated from the composite of all the correlation data collected.

    We are proposing to eliminate the need to conduct multiple 
correlation tests in this revised PS-11.
    In the 1997 draft PS-11, we envisioned a scenario where some types 
of PM CEMS would need to verify that the PM CEMS correlation relation 
remained constant over short periods of time. Whereas, some other types 
of PM CEMS would only undergo a single correlation test. We have since 
abandoned that process. You are now responsible for purchasing a PM 
CEMS that is appropriate for your source's PM characteristics and your 
source's operation. If your flue gas and PM characteristics are 
variable, you must select a PM CEMS that can respond appropriately to 
those variations.
10. Correlation Criteria
    We are proposing a minor revision to the correlation criteria. In 
the previous proposal (Section 13.2), the correlation coefficient was 
to be greater than or equal to 0.90. In today's revised PS-11 (Section 
13.2(1)), the correlation coefficient must be greater than or equal to 
0.85.
    We have relaxed the correlation coefficient criterion but have 
retained the confidence interval and tolerance interval criteria to 
reflect the performance and reliability of PM CEMS during recent field 
evaluations and through discussions with our European counterparts.

[[Page 64180]]

11. PM CEMS Equipment--Diagnostic Checks
    In the previous proposal, no requirements existed for diagnostic 
checks. In Section 6.2(2)of today's proposal, the following diagnostic 
checks are required:

    Your PM CEMS must also be capable of performing automatic 
diagnostic checks and sending instrument status signals (flags) to 
the data recorder.

    We learned during our field evaluations that recording diagnostic 
check failures provided valuable information about the operation and 
maintenance needs (e.g., dirty window check and low battery power) of 
the PM CEMS.
12. PM CEMS Equipment--Sample Volume Check
    The previous proposal contained no requirement for a sample volume 
check. Section 6.2(3) of the revised PS-11 contains the following 
requirement:

    If your PM CEMS is an extractive type that measures the sample 
volume and uses the measured sample volume as part of calculating 
the output value, your PM CEMS must check the sample volume to 
verify the sample volume measuring equipment. You must do this 
sample volume check at the normal sampling rate of your PM CEMS.

    For some types of PM CEMS, the measured sample volume is part of 
the calculated output response. Therefore, a check that ensures the 
proper operation of the equipment that measures the sample volume is as 
important as the daily zero and upscale drift check of the sample 
measurement. We are requiring a daily sample volume check. The sample 
volume check is not the same as the sample volume audit found in 
Procedure 2. The sample volume check confirms the proper operation of 
the sample volume measurement equipment. The sample volume audit 
evaluates the accuracy of the sample volume measured value.
13. PM CEMS Equipment--Appropriate Measurement Range and Automatic 
Range Switching
    In Section 6.1.1.5 of the previous proposal, the monitor was to be 
spanned as follows:

    The span of the instrument shall be sufficient to determine the 
highest concentration of pollutant at the facility. The span value 
shall be documented by the CEMS manufacturer with laboratory data.

    We are proposing to revise PS-11 in Sections 6.3, 6.4, 8.1(2), and 
8.4(3) as follows:

    Your PM CEMS must be initially set up to measure over the 
expected range of your source's PM emission concentrations during 
routine operations. This will allow your PM CEMS to detect and 
record significant high PM concentrations encountered during the 
Correlation Test Planning Period. You may change the measurement 
range to a more appropriate range during the Correlation Test 
Planning Period based on your findings.
    Your PM CEMS may be equipped to perform automatic range 
switching so that it is operating in a range most sensitive to the 
detected concentrations. If your PM CEMS does automatic range 
switching, you must appropriately configure the data recorder to 
handle situations of data values being recorded in multiple ranges 
during range switching intervals.
    Therefore, you must select a PM CEMS that is capable of 
measuring the full range of PM concentrations expected from your 
source from normal levels through the emission limit concentration.
    You must set the response range of your PM CEMS such that its 
output is within 50 to 60 percent of its maximum output (e.g., 12 to 
13.6 mA on a 4 to 20 mA output) when your source is operating at the 
conditions that were previously observed to produce the highest PM 
CEMS output. But, the response range must be set such that no 15-
minute average equals your PM CEMS maximum output (e.g., 20 mA). In 
some cases, you may desire to set the response range of your PM CEMS 
such that its output is 50 to 60 percent of its maximum output 
(e.g., 12 to 13.6 mA on a 4 to 20 mA output) when your source is 
operating at its PM emission limit. You may do this by perturbing 
operation of the air pollution control equipment or bypassing part 
of the flue gas around the control equipment in order to create PM 
emissions at the emission limit.

    The determination of the instrument span as stated in the 1997 
draft PS-11 was inadequate. We are now providing a clearer 
specification for the PM CEMS measurement range. During our field 
evaluations, we found that setting the measurement range such that the 
response to the highest PM concentration was about 12-14 mA gave enough 
sensitivity to measure the lower PM concentrations and ensure that 
short-term spikes were adequately represented. If the range is set such 
that brief spikes are within the measurement range, normal readings 
would likely be near the detection limit of the monitor.
14. PM CEMS Equipment--Isokinetic Sampling
    The previous proposal contained no requirement for isokinetic 
sampling. Section 6.1(3) of today's revised PS-11 contains the 
following addition for isokinetic sampling:

    If your PM CEMS is an extractive type and your source's flue gas 
volumetric flow rate varies by more than 10 percent from nominal, 
your PM CEMS must maintain an isokinetic sampling rate (within 10 
percent of true isokinetic). If your extractive type PM CEMS does 
not maintain an isokinetic sampling rate, you must use actual site-
specific data to prove to us, the State and/or local enforcement 
agency that isokinetic sampling is not necessary.

    A few of you expressed concern about extractive PM CEMS not 
sampling isokinetically during all sampling conditions. During one of 
our field evaluations, our extractive PM CEMS response was lower than 
expected when the monitor was sampling about 130 percent isokinetic. 
During an industry field evaluation, an extractive beta gauge PM CEMS 
was deliberately made to sample about 65 percent isokinetic. Sampling 
under-isokinetic caused the monitor's response to read higher than 
during isokinetic sampling. Therefore, we are proposing to require that 
extractive type PM CEMS sample isokinetically at all stack gas 
volumetric flow rates unless you can provide site-specific data that 
shows isokinetic sampling is not necessary.
15. PM CEMS Measurement Location in Relation to Air Pollution Control 
By-Pass
    The previous proposal contained no requirement for the measurement 
location in relation to the air pollution control by-pass. Section 
8.2(4) of the revised PS-11 contains the following requirement:

    If you plan to achieve higher emissions, for correlation test 
purposes, by adjusting the performance of the air pollution control 
device (per Section 8.6(5)(i)) or by installing a means to bypass 
part the of flue gas around the control device, you must locate your 
PM CEMS measurement (and manual RM measurement) location well 
downstream of the control device or bypass (e.g., downstream of the 
induced draft fan), in order to minimize PM stratification that may 
be created in these cases.

    Additionally, we are adding the following guidance in section 
2.4(2) related to the PM CEMS installation location:

    If you suspect that PM stratification may vary at the selected 
installation location, we recommend you perform a PM profile test to 
determine the magnitude of the variability in PM stratification. If 
the PM stratification varies by more than 10 percent, you must 
either choose another installation location or eliminate the 
stratification condition.

    Some of you commented that guidance should be given regarding the 
sampling location of the PM CEMS and the RM. Based on our and 
industry's field evaluations, we found that the measurement location 
played an important role in the success or failure of the initial 
correlation and the stability of the correlation. During one of our 
studies, we found that, when we were perturbing the air pollution 
control device, the particulate concentration

[[Page 64181]]

was stratified because we were not far enough downstream from the 
mixing point for the particulate to become evenly dispersed. Therefore, 
we are providing guidance for locating the PM CEMS in relation to an 
air pollution control by-pass, if used. Obviously, the 8 duct diameters 
and 2 duct diameters criteria is ideal, but we recognize that a 
location meeting those criteria is not always available or accessible. 
Therefore, we recommend that you select a measurement location that 
minimizes problems due to flow disturbances, cyclonic flow, and 
stratification. The main induced draft (ID) fan can provide mixing and 
blending of the gas stream components; therefore, locating the PM CEMS 
downstream of the ID fan can reduce stratification. Also, because 
changing PM stratification will adversely affect the correlation, we 
are recommending that you perform a PM profile test at the PM CEMS 
installation location to determine the magnitude of any variation in PM 
stratification. Our and industry's PM stratification test results 
showed that when the PM stratification varied by more than 10 percent, 
an accurate correlation could not be maintained.
16. Pretest Preparations--Preliminary RM Testing
    The previous proposal contained norequirement for preliminary 
testing. Section 8.4(4) of the revised PS-11 contains the following 
addition:

    We recommend that you perform preliminary manual RM testing 
after the Correlation Test Planning Period. During this preliminary 
testing, you would measure the PM emission concentration 
corresponding to the highest PM CEMS response observed during the 
full range of normal operation, or when perturbing or bypassing the 
control equipment.

    Based on what we and industry experienced during field evaluations, 
we believe some preliminary testing can help improve the performance of 
the initial correlation test. For example, we observed that preliminary 
testing (1) helped set the proper PM CEMS measurement range, (2) 
provided guidance when perturbing the air pollution control device, and 
(3) helped understand what process operating conditions produced what 
PM emission concentration. Therefore, we are recommending that you do 
some preliminary test runs before starting the initial correlation 
test.
17. Reference Method Data--Precision and Bias
    The previous proposal contained no requirement for precision and 
bias in the RM data. Section 8.6(1)(ii) and (iii) of the revised PS-11 
contains the following additions for precision and bias:

    During all paired train testing, you must eliminate from the 
data set used to develop a PM CEMS correlation any pair of data that 
do not meet the precision criteria specified in Procedure 2, 
paragraph 10.1(3).
    You must test the valid data set for bias according to Procedure 
2, Section 10.1(4)(i). You may not use biased data in developing 
your PM CEMS correlation. You must identify and correct the source 
of the bias before repeating the manual testing program. Therefore, 
we strongly recommend that as soon as results from several test runs 
become available, you immediately examine the data set for evidence 
of bias so that you can take any necessary corrective action before 
continuing the testing. This examination would require you to 
determine the RM particulate concentration results on-site.

    Some of you commented that PS-11 needed to specify what RM data 
should not be included in the correlation data set. We have included 
criteria for precision of the paired RM measurements and bias between 
the paired RM measurements found in the entire RM data set. You will 
find the criteria in Procedure 2.
18. Calculation of Confidence Interval and Tolerance Interval as a 
Percent of the Emission Limit
    In today's proposed revised PS-11, we made a change in the PM 
concentration levels needed for your PM CEMS correlation. Because of 
this change, you may collect PM concentration data that is below the 
emission limit. Therefore, we need to define the PM CEMS response where 
you calculate both the confidence interval and tolerance interval as a 
percent of the emission limit for evaluating the performance of the 
correlation.
    Previously, you were instructed to calculate the PM CEMS response 
at the emission limit and then to calculate the confidence interval and 
tolerance interval of the correlation curve at that PM CEMS response. 
This was an appropriate procedure when you collected PM concentration 
data at twice the emission limit. However, if your PM concentration 
data does not extend up to the emission limit, calculating the 
confidence interval and tolerance interval of the correlation curve at 
the emission limit is not statistically relevant.
    In the previous proposed version of PS-11, the confidence interval 
and tolerance interval were calculated at the emission limit which was 
approximately the median value of the PM CEMS response. The confidence 
interval and tolerance interval are smallest at the median value of the 
PM CEMS response. Therefore, we are stipulating in today's revised PS-
11 that you calculate the confidence interval and tolerance interval at 
the median value of the PM CEMS responses you obtained during the 
correlation test.

B. Changes to Procedure 2

1. Definition of Calibration vs. Correlation
    In the previous proposal, Section 2.3 defined calibration relation 
as follows:

    The relationship between a CEMS response and measured PM 
concentrations by the RM which is defined by a mathematical 
equation.

    In today's revision to Procedure 2, this definition is not 
included. The PS-11 definition was changed from calibration to 
correlation as follows:

    ``Correlation'' means the primary mathematical relationship for 
correlating output from your PM CEMS (typically expressed in some 
units, e.g., such as response to a milliamp electrical signal) to a 
particulate concentration, as determined by the RM. The correlation 
is expressed in the same units that your PM CEMS use to measures the 
PM concentration.

    A few of you commented that ``calibrating'' the PM CEMS to the 
manual method data was confusing language. Therefore, we now refer to 
the process as ``correlation.''
2. Response Correlation Audit (RCA) Data Points
    In the previous proposal, Section 5.1.1 contained the following 
requirement for the RCA data points:

    If it is not practical to obtain three measured data points in 
all three PM concentration ranges as specified in Section 8.4.5 of 
PS-11, a minimum of three measured data points in any of the two 
ranges specified in Section 8.4.5 is acceptable, as long as at least 
all 12 data points lie within the range of the calibration relation 
test.

    Section 10.3(5)(ii) of Procedure 2 is revised as follows:

    All 12 data points must lie within the PM CEMS output range 
examined during the PM CEMS correlation tests.

With this revision, we have clarified where the data points for the 
RCA must be.
3. Absolute Calibration Audit (ACA) Audit Point Ranges
    Section 5.1.2 of the previous proposal contained the following ACA 
audit points:

Audit point 1--0 to 20 percent of span value
Audit point 2--40 to 60 percent of span value
Audit point 3--80 to 100 percent of span value.

    The ACA audit points are revised as follows in Section 10.3(2):


[[Page 64182]]


Audit point 1--0 to 20 percent of measurement range
Audit point 2--40 to 60 percent of measurement range
Audit point 3--70 to 100 percent of measurement range.

    We removed the word span from PS-11 and Procedure 2. The audit 
points now reference the measurement range instead of span value. Also, 
we expanded the third audit point range.
4. ACA Performance Requirement
    Section 5.2.3(2) of the previously proposed version had the 
following ACA requirement:

     15 percent of the average audit value or 7.5% of 
the applicable standard, whichever is greater.

    The ACA performance criterion are revised in Section 10.4(3) as 
follows:

    Your PM CEMS is out of control if results exceed  10 
percent of the average audit value or 7.5 percent of the applicable 
standard, whichever is greater.

    We are reducing the performance criterion for the ACA. Based on the 
results of our field evaluations, our PM CEMS were capable of meeting 
the  10 percent ACA criterion. The 15 percent limit was a 
holdover from the cylinder gas audit criterion.
5. Relative Response Audit (RRA)
    The previous proposed version of Procedure 2 did not include a 
relative response audit (RRA). We are revising Procedure 2 in Sections 
10.3 and 10.3(4) by adding the following:

    You must conduct an RRA once every four calendar quarters. If 
you schedule an RCA for one of the four calendar quarters in the 
year, the RCA would take the place of the RRA.
    You must conduct the RRA by collecting three simultaneous RM PM 
concentration measurements and PM CEMS measurements at the as-found 
source operating conditions and PM concentration. Paired trains for 
the RM sampling are not required but are recommended to avoid 
failing the test due to imprecise and inaccurate RM results.

    Procedure 2 did not specify the frequency for a relative 
correlation audit (RCA). Many of you commented that the RCA could be 
done once every 3 to 5 years. One of you commented that 18 months was 
appropriate between checks of the correlation's stability. We believe 
that the length of time between checks of the correlation's stability 
could be source dependent, and therefore, can be specified in the 
applicable regulation. However, based on our and industry's field 
evaluations, we observed that the correlations may not be stable for 
periods of 3 to 5 years. We believe that PM CEMS should be correlated 
more often than every 5 years. Therefore, we propose a brief, three 
test run, confirmation of the correlation that would be done on an 
annual basis. We identify this check as a relative response audit.
6. Sample Volume Audit (SVA)
    Section 5.1.4 of the previous proposal contained the following SVA 
requirement:

    For applicable units with a sampling system, an audit of the 
equipment to determine sample volume must be performed once a year. 
The SVA procedure specified by the manufacturer will be followed to 
assure that sample volume is accurately measured across the normal 
range of sample volumes made over the past year.

    In the 1997 draft Procedure 2, we left the procedure for conducting 
the SVA to the manufacturer. Based on our experiences, we decided to 
specify a procedure to conduct the SVA. This way, all SVAs will be done 
in a consistent manner, and the results can be compared.
7. Routine System Checks
    The previous proposal of Procedure 2 contained no provisions 
specific to routine system checks. Section 10.2 of today's revised 
Procedure 2 contains the following addition of routine system checks:

    You must perform routine checks to assure proper operation of 
system electronics and optics, light and radiation sources and 
detectors, electric or electro-mechanical systems, and general 
stability of the system calibration. Necessary components of the 
routine system checks will depend upon design details of your PM 
CEMS.

    A few of you commented that the daily drift check specifications 
were not adequately defined to prohibit the sale of poor quality 
instruments. Therefore, we have clarified that the routine (daily) 
checks must include the entire measurement system. This language is 
similar to that in the new PS-1 (or ASTM D6216) for opacity monitors.
8. Treatment of Flagged Data
    Section 6.4 of the previous proposal treated flagged data as 
follows:

    All flagged CEMS data are considered invalid; as such, these 
data may not be used in determining compliance nor be counted 
towards meeting minimum data availability as required and described 
in the applicable subpart.

    We are proposing to revise Procedure 2 by eliminating the 
specification to treat all flagged data as invalid. In the 1997 
version, Procedure 2 stipulated that all flagged data was considered 
invalid. However, if the PM CEMS sends an alarm flag that the battery 
is low, or the protective lenses are getting dirty, or the vacuum is 
getting high, the data collected is still valid; it should not be 
automatically treated as invalid. During our field test, we 
occasionally got flags from the PM CEMS, but the data was not invalid 
just because we got a flag. If Procedure 2 is not changed, all data 
flags would produce invalid data. Therefore, a revision is needed.
    In this revision, we are removing the requirement that all flagged 
data is automatically treated as invalid and stipulating that data must 
be investigated to determine its validity.
9. Alternative Calibration Relation Approaches
    Section 6.5 of the previous proposal contained the following 
allowance for alternative calibration relation approaches:

    Certain PM CEMS have technologies established on principles 
measuring PM concentration directly, whereas other technologies 
measure PM properties indirectly indicative of PM concentration. It 
has been shown empirically that a linear relationship can exist 
between these properties and PM concentration over a narrow range of 
concentrations, provided all variables remain essentially constant. 
However, if all variables affecting this relationship do not remain 
constant, then a linear relationship will probably not occur. Such 
is the case expected for facilities with PM emissions over a wide 
range of PM concentrations with certain process and air pollution 
control configurations. Other non-linear relations may provide a 
better fit to the calibration data than linear relations because the 
monitor's response is based on some measurable, and changing, 
property of the PM concentrations. These non-linear approaches may 
serve as improved approaches for defining the mathematical relation 
between the CEMS response and RM measured PM concentrations. The 
basis and advantage for developing and implementing such alternative 
approaches for determining compliance must be explicitly included in 
the calibration relation test report with supporting data 
demonstrating a better fit than a linear relation. Use of these 
alternative approaches is subject to approval by the Administrator.

    Today's revised Procedure 2 contains no allowance. In Section 
12.3(4) of PS-11, the following statement is made:

    You may petition the Administrator for alternative solutions or 
sampling recommendations if the regression analysis presented in 
Section 12.3, paragraphs (1) through (3) does not achieve 
satisfactory correlation, confidence or tolerance intervals.

    The alternative correlation approaches did not belong in Procedure 
2 and were therefore moved to PS-11.
10. Arrangement of Paired Trains
    In the previous proposal, arrangement of the paired trains was not 
specified. Section 10.1 of revised Procedure 2

[[Page 64183]]

contains stipulations for the arrangement of the paired trains 
including specific probe arrangements.
11. Precision of RM Data
    In the previous proposal, precision of the RM data was not 
specified. Section 10.1(3) of revised Procedure 2 contains the 
precision specification.
    Some of you commented that we needed to specify what level of 
imprecision in the RM data should exclude the data from the correlation 
data set. We therefore, propose to include criteria for precision of 
the paired RM measurements. Experience shows that with good operating 
practices and strict quality control the RSDs can be met at 
concentrations as low as about 1 mg/dscm.
12. Bias of RM Data
    In the previous proposal, a provision to eliminate biased RM data 
was not specified. Section 10.1(4) of revised Procedure 2 proposes a 
bias specification. Systematic bias can exist between two sampling 
systems even when precision requirements are met. We have included 
these requirements for bias between the paired RM measurements found in 
the entire RM data set. We believe the precision and bias checks will 
ensure that only high quality RM data is used to develop your PM CEMS 
correlation relation.
13. Sample Volume Check
    In the previous proposal, a sample volume check was not specified. 
Section 10.2(5) of revised Procedure 2 proposes to specify requirements 
for checking the sample volume.
    A check that ensures the proper operation of the equipment that 
measures the sample volume is important. We are now proposing to 
require a daily sample volume check.
14. Sample Volume Check Performance Criteria
    Since a sample volume check was not specified in the previous 
proposal, performance criteria for the sample volume check was not 
specified. Section 10.4(2) of revised Procedure 2 proposes the 
following performance criteria for the sample volume check:

    Your PM CEMS is out of control if sample volume check error 
exceeds 10 percent for five consecutive daily periods, or exceeds 20 
percent for any one day.

    Since we added a daily sample volume check, we included these 
performance specifications. These criteria are consistent with the 
daily zero and upscale drift check criteria (i.e., 2 times the SVA 
limit for five consecutive days or 4 times the SVA limit for any single 
day).
15. Relative Response Audit Performance Criterion
    Since a relative response audit was not specified in the previous 
proposal, performance criteria for the RRA was not specified. Section 
10.4(6) of revised Procedure 2 provides the following performance 
criteria for the RRA:

    At least two of the three sets of PM CEMS and RM measurements 
must fall within the same specified area on a graph of the 
correlation regression line as required for the RCA. If your PM CEMS 
fails to meet this RRA criterion, it is considered out of control.

    Since we added a relative response audit, we included this 
performance specification. We believe that if 67 percent of the test 
runs (i.e., 2 out of 3) are within the 25 percent tolerance interval 
(which should include 75 percent of all future data points), then your 
PM CEMS correlation is still applicable and accurate. We believe the 
RRA is a cost effective means to ensure that your PM CEMS correlation 
remains applicable without the need to complete a costly RCA on an 
annual basis.
16. What To Do in the Event of a Failed RRA
    No provision was included in the previous proposal. Now, Section 
10.5(1)(ii) proposes:
    If your PM CEMS failed an RRA, you must take corrective action 
until your PM CEMS passes the RRA criteria. If the RRA criteria cannot 
be achieved, you must perform an RCA.
    Since we added the RRA, we need to tell you what to do if your PM 
CEMS fails to meet the performance criterion. We believe that if 2 out 
of the 3 test runs do not fall within the 25 percent tolerance 
interval, then your PM CEMS correlation may no longer be applicable. If 
your PM CEMS fails to meet the performance specification, we believe 
you should take corrective actions to correct any problems and repeat 
the RRA. However, if the RRA criteria cannot be attained, we believe 
you then need to conduct a full RCA using paired RM trains that meet 
the precision and bias criteria.
17. What To Do in the Event of a Failed RCA
    No provision for a failed RCA was included in the previous version. 
Now, Section 10.6 proposes to include provisions you must follow if 
your PM CEMS fails the RCA.
    The 1997 draft Procedure 2 did not tell you what to do if your PM 
CEMS failed to meet the RCA performance criterion. We believe the 
proposed steps are appropriate. Once your PM CEMS new correlation is 
developed, you start reporting PM emissions using the new equation. If 
a new correlation is developed according to step (2), the old 
correlation data is abandoned. In Germany and Denmark, when any 
additional RM testing is done, the new data is continually added to the 
correlation data set and a new correlation relation is calculated each 
time. However, they do not maintain the correlation performance 
criteria (i.e., confidence interval and tolerance interval limits) like 
we do, and therefore we chose not to follow the process used in Germany 
and Denmark.

III. Administrative Requirements

A. Docket

    The docket is an organized and complete file of all information 
submitted or otherwise considered by us in the development of this 
proposed rulemaking. The principal purposes of the docket are: (1) to 
allow you to identify and locate documents so that you can effectively 
participate in the rulemaking process, and (2) to serve as the record 
in case of judicial review (except for interagency review materials) 
(Clean Air Act Section 307(d)(7)(A)).

B. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), we are 
required to judge whether a regulatory action is ``significant'' and 
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and 
the requirements of this Executive Order. The Order defines 
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a 
rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million 
or more, or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of 
the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere 
with an action taken or planned by another agency; (3) materially alter 
the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan 
programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients thereof; or (4) 
raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the 
President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive 
Order.
    Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, we have determined 
that this rule is not ``significant'' because none of the listed 
criteria apply to this action. Consequently, this action was

[[Page 64184]]

not submitted to OMB for review under Executive Order 12866.

C. Regulatory Flexibility

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires that we 
conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice 
and comment rulemaking requirements unless we certify that the rule 
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of 
small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small not-for-
profit enterprises, and small governmental jurisdictions. This proposed 
rule would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of 
small entities because no additional cost will be incurred by such 
entities because of the changes specified by the proposed rule. The 
requirements of the supplemental proposal reaffirm and clarify 
previously proposed performance specifications for continuous 
particulate matter emission monitoring systems. Therefore, I certify 
that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities.

D. Executive Order 13132, Federalism

    Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 
10, 1999), requires that we develop an accountable process to ensure 
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the 
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
    ``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the 
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct 
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national 
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities among the various levels of government.'' Under 
Section 6 of Executive Order 13132, we may not issue a regulation that 
has federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance 
costs, and that is not required by statute, unless the Federal 
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance 
costs incurred by the State and local governments, or we consult with 
State and local officials early in the process of developing the 
proposed regulation. We also may not issue a regulation that has 
federalism implications and that preempts State law unless we consult 
with State and local officials early in the process of developing the 
proposed regulation.
    This proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will 
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship 
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution 
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, 
as specified in Executive Order 13132. This proposed rule is a revision 
to a previously proposed rule governing the specifications, test 
procedures, and quality assurance requirements to be used by owners or 
operators of stationary sources for particulate matter continuous 
emission monitoring systems. Thus, the requirements of section 6 of the 
Executive Order do not apply to this proposed rule.

E. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule does not contain any information collection 
requirements subject to the Office of Management and Budget review 
under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

F. Unfunded Mandates Act

    Under Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 
(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), we must prepare a budgetary impact 
statement to accompany any proposed rule, or any final rule for which a 
notice of proposed rulemaking was published, that includes a Federal 
mandate that may result in estimated costs to State, local, or tribal 
governments in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million 
or more in any one year. Under Section 205, if a budgetary impact 
statement is required under Section 202, we must select the least 
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that 
achieves the objective of the rule, unless we explain why this 
alternative is not selected or the selection of this alternative is 
inconsistent with law. Section 203 requires us to establish a plan for 
informing and advising any small governments that may be significantly 
or uniquely impacted by the rule. Section 204 requires us to develop a 
process to allow elected state, local, and tribal government officials 
to provide input in the development of any proposal containing a 
significant Federal intergovernmental mandate.
    We have determined that this proposed rule does not include a 
Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of $100 million or 
more to either State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate, or 
to the private sector in any one year. Rules establishing performance 
specifications and quality assurance requirements impose no costs 
independent from national emission standards which require their use, 
and such costs are fully reflected in the regulatory impact assessment 
for those emission standards. We have also determined that this 
proposed rule does not significantly or uniquely impact small 
governments. Therefore, the requirements of the Unfunded Mandates Act 
do not apply to this action.

G. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 
(NTTAA), Sec. 12(d), Public Law 104-113, generally requires federal 
agencies and departments to use voluntary consensus standards instead 
of government-unique standards in their regulatory activities unless to 
do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise 
impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards 
(e.g., material specifications, test method, sampling and analytical 
procedures, business practices, etc.) that are developed or adopted by 
one or more voluntary consensus standards bodies. Examples of 
organizations generally regarded as voluntary consensus standards 
bodies include the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 
the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and the Society of 
Automotive Engineers (SAE). The NTTAA requires Federal agencies like us 
to provide Congress, through OMB, with explanations when an agency 
decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus 
standards.
    During this rulemaking, we searched for voluntary consensus 
standards that might be applicable. An International Organization for 
Standardization (ISO) standard, number 10155, Stationary source 
emissions--Automated monitoring of mass concentrations of particles--
Performance characteristics, test methods and specifications, was 
applicable. ISO 10155 was followed for our first field evaluation of PM 
CEMS; however it was found to be inadequate to fulfill the performance 
specification needs for our compliance monitoring. Examples of areas 
where we believed ISO 10155 was inadequate are:
    (1) The number of test runs for a correlation test, 9, was 
insufficient for a comprehensive statistical evaluation of the PM CEMS 
correlation.
    (2) The PM concentration ranges required for a correlation test 
were too vague.
    (3) The measurement location for the PM CEMS and RM were vague.
    (4) Accuracy and precision criteria are not established for the RM.
    (5) The correlation coefficient limit of greater than 0.95 was too 
stringent for most of the PM CEMS correlations we

[[Page 64185]]

evaluated. Also, ISO 10155 lacks quality assurance and quality control 
procedures. ISO 10155 was used as the starting point for development of 
PS-11.

H. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies to any 
rule that we determine (1) is ``economically significant'' as defined 
under Executive Order 12866, and (2) addresses an environmental health 
or safety risk that we believe may have a disproportionate effect on 
children. If the regulatory action meets both criteria, we must 
evaluate the environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule 
on children, and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to 
other potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives 
considered by us.
    We interpret Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that 
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Order has the 
potential to influence the regulation. This proposed rule is not 
subject to Executive Order 13045 because this does not establish an 
environmental standard intended to mitigate health or safety risks.

I. Executive Order 13175 (Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments)

    Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination 
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000), 
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful 
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory 
policies that have tribal implications.'' ``Policies that have tribal 
implications'' is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations 
that have ``substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on 
the relationship between the Federal government and the Indian tribes, 
or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the 
Federal government and Indian tribes.''
    This proposed rule does not have tribal implications. It will not 
have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the 
relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on 
the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. 
This proposed rule revises an existing proposed regulation which 
details the performance and design specifications for continuous 
emission monitoring systems. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply 
to this rule.

J. Executive Order 13211, Energy Effects

    This rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211, ``Actions 
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 
Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355 (May 22, 2001)) because it is not a 
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60

    Environmental protection, Air Pollution Control, Continuous 
emission monitoring; Performance specification; Particulate matter.

    Dated: November 29, 2001.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.
    We propose that 40 CFR, part 60 be amended as follows:
    1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, 7411, 7414, 7416, and 7601.
    2. Appendix B of Part 60 is amended by adding Performance 
Specification 11 to read as follows:

Appendix B of Part 60--Performance Specifications

* * * * *

Performance Specification 11--Specifications and Test

Procedures for Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring 
Systems at Stationary Sources

1.0  What Are the Purpose and Applicability of Performance 
Specification 11?

    The purpose of Performance Specification 11 (PS-11) is to 
establish the initial installation and performance procedures that 
are required for evaluating the acceptability of a particulate 
matter (PM) continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS). The 
intent of PS-11 is not to evaluate the ongoing performance of your 
PM CEMS over an extended period of time, nor does it identify 
specific calibration techniques and auxiliary procedures to assess 
CEMS performance. You will find procedures for evaluating the 
ongoing performance of your PM CEMS in Procedure 2 of Appendix F--
Quality Assurance Requirements for Particulate Matter Continuous 
Monitoring Systems Used at Stationary Sources.
    1.1  How does PS-11 apply to my PM CEMS? PS-11 applies to your 
PM CEMS if you are required by any provision of Title 40 of the CFR 
to install and operate PM CEMS.
    1.2  When must I comply with PS-11? You must comply with PS-11 
when directed by the applicable rule that required you to install 
and operate a PM CEMS. Also, you may be required to show compliance 
with PS-11 if changes at your source result in conditions which are 
unrepresentative of the previous correlation (e.g., changes in 
emission control system, significant changes in concentration of PM 
emitted, or feed inputs to the device).
    1.3  What other monitoring is needed? To report your PM 
emissions in units of the emission standard, you may need to monitor 
additional parameters to correct the PM concentration reported by 
your PM CEMS. Your CEMS may include the components listed in 
paragraphs (1) through (3):
    (1) A diluent monitor (i.e., O2, CO2, or 
other CEMS specified in the applicable regulation) which must meet 
its own performance specifications found in this appendix,
    (2) Auxiliary monitoring equipment to allow measurement, 
determination, or input of the flue gas temperature, pressure, 
moisture content, and/or dry volume of stack effluent sampled, and
    (3) An automatic sampling system.
    The performance of your PM CEMS and the establishment of its 
correlation to manual measurements must be determined in units of 
mass concentration as measured by your PM CEMS (e.g., mg/acm or mg/
dscm).

2.0  What Are the Basic Requirements of PS-11?

    PS-11 requires you to perform initial installation and 
calibration procedures that confirm the acceptability of your CEMS 
when it is installed and placed into operation. You must develop a 
site specific correlation of your PM CEMS response against manual 
gravimetric RM measurements (including those made using EPA RMs 5 or 
17).
    2.1  What types of PM CEMS technologies are covered? Several 
different types of PM CEMS technologies (e.g., light scattering, 
Beta attenuation, etc.) can be designed with in-situ or extractive 
sample gas handling systems. Each PM CEMS technology and sample gas 
handling technologies have certain site specific advantages. You 
must select and install a PM CEMS that is appropriate for the flue 
gas conditions at your source.
    2.2  How is PS-11 different from other performance 
specifications? PS-11 is based on a technique of correlating PM CEMS 
response relative to emissions determined by the RM. This technique 
is called ``the correlation.'' This differs from CEMS used to 
measure gaseous pollutants which have available calibration gases of 
known concentration.
    (1) Since the type and characteristics of PM vary from source to 
source, a single PM correlation, applicable to all sources, is not 
possible. When conducting the initial correlation test of your PM 
CEMS response to PM emissions determined by the RM, you must pay 
close attention to accuracy and details. Your PM CEMS must be 
operating properly. You must perform the manual method testing 
accurately, with attention to eliminating site-specific systemic 
errors. You must coordinate the timing of the manual method testing 
with the sampling cycle of your PM CEMS.
    (2) You must complete a minimum of 15 manual PM tests. You must 
perform the manual testing over the full range of PM CEMS responses 
observed during the Correlation Test Planning Period.
    2.3  How is the correlation data handled? You must carefully 
review your manual method data and your PM CEMS responses

[[Page 64186]]

to include only valid, high quality data. For the correlation, you 
must reduce and present the manual method data in terms of the 
measurement conditions reported by your PM CEMS. Then, you must 
correlate the manual method and PM CEMS data in terms of the output 
as received from the monitor (e.g., milliamps). At the median PM 
CEMS response, you must calculate the confidence interval and 
tolerance interval as a percentage of the applicable PM 
concentration emission limit and compare the confidence interval and 
tolerance interval percentages to the acceptance criteria. Also, you 
must calculate the correlation coefficient, independent of the 
applicable PM limit, and compare the correlation coefficient to the 
acceptance criterion.
    Situations may arise where you will need two or more 
correlations. If you need multiple correlations, you need to collect 
sufficient data for each correlation.
    2.4  How do I design my PM CEMS correlation program? When 
planning your PM CEMS correlation effort, you must address each of 
the items in paragraphs (1) through (8) to enhance the probability 
of success. You will find each of these elements further described 
in this performance specification or the applicable RM procedure.
    (1) What type of PM CEMS should I select? You must select a PM 
CEMS that is most appropriate for your source with technical 
consideration for potential factors such as interferences, site 
specific configurations, installation location, flue gas conditions, 
PM concentration range and other PM characteristics. You can find 
guidance on which technology is best suited for specific situations 
in our report ``Current Knowledge of Particulate Matter (PM) 
Continuous Emission Monitoring'' (see references, section 16.5).
    (2) Where should I install my PM CEMS? Your PM CEMS must be 
installed in a location that is most representative of PM emissions 
as determined by the RM such that the correlation between PM CEMS 
response and emissions determined by the RM will meet these 
performance specifications. Care must be taken in selecting a 
location and measurement point with minimum problems due to flow 
disturbances, cyclonic flow, and varying PM stratification. You 
should refer to Method 1 of this part for guidance (also see section 
8.2). If you suspect that PM stratification may vary at the selected 
installation location, we recommend you perform a PM profile test to 
determine the magnitude of the variability in PM stratification. If 
the PM stratification varies by more than 10 percent, you must 
either choose another installation location or eliminate the 
stratification condition.
    (3) How should I record my CEMS data? You must ensure that your 
data logger and PM CEMS have been properly programmed to accept and 
transfer status signals of valid monitor operation (e.g., flags for 
internal calibration, suspect data, or maintenance periods). You 
need to ensure that your PM CEMS and data logger are set up to 
collect and record all normal emission levels and excursions.
    (4) How should I record CEMS maintenance and performance data? 
You must maintain a logbook for documenting CEMS maintenance and 
performance.
    (5) What CEMS data should I review? You must review drift data 
daily to document proper operation. You must also ensure that any 
audit material is appropriate to the typical operating range of your 
PM CEMS.
    (6) How long should I operate my PM CEMS before doing the 
initial correlation test? You must allow sufficient time for your PM 
CEMS to operate in a ``shakedown'' mode for you to become familiar 
with your PM CEMS.
    (i) You must observe PM CEMS response over time during normal 
and varying process conditions. This will assure that your PM CEMS 
has been properly set up to operate at a range which is compatible 
with the concentrations and characteristics of PM emissions. You may 
use this information in establishing the operating conditions 
necessary to perform the correlations of PM CEMS data to manual 
method measurements over a wide operating range.
    (ii) You must establish what type of process changes will 
influence flue gas PM concentration and resulting PM CEMS signal on 
a definable and repeatable basis. You may find the ``shakedown'' 
period useful to make adjustments to your planned approach for 
operating your PM CEMS at your source. For instance, you may change 
the measurement range or batch sampling period to something other 
than those you initially planned to use.
    (7) How should I do the manual method testing? You must perform 
the manual method testing in accordance with specific rule 
requirements, coordinated closely with PM CEMS and process 
operations and then scrutinize the data according to the precision 
and bias criteria specified in Procedure 2, paragraph 10.1. You must 
use paired trains for the manual method testing. You must perform 
the manual method testing over a suitable PM concentration range as 
defined during the Correlation Test Planning Period. Since the 
manual testing for this correlation test is not for compliance 
reporting purposes, you may conduct the RM test runs for less than 
the typical 1-hour.
    (8) What do I do with the manual RM data and PM CEMS data? You 
must complete each of the activities in paragraphs (i) through (v).
    (i) Screen the manual RM data for validity (e.g., isokinetics, 
leak checks), and quality assurance (e.g., proper management to 
program goals) and quality control, (e.g., outlier identification).
    (ii) Screen your PM CEMS data for validity (e.g., daily drift 
check requirements) and quality assurance (e.g., flagged data).
    (iii) Convert the manual test data into the same units of PM 
concentration as reported by your PM CEMS.
    (iv) Calculate the polynomial and linear correlations and select 
the best fit correlation as specified in section 12.3.
    (v) Calculate the results for the correlation coefficient, 
confidence interval, and tolerance interval for the complete set of 
CEMS/RM correlation data for comparison with the data acceptance 
criteria specified in section 13.2.

3.0  What Special Definitions Apply to PS-11?

    3.1  ``Appropriate Measurement Range of your PM CEMS'' means a 
measurement range that is capable of recording readings over the 
complete range of your source's PM emission concentrations during 
routine operations. The appropriate range is determined during the 
Pretest Preparations as specified in section 8.4.
    3.2  ``Appropriate Data Range for PM CEMS Correlation'' means 
the data range that reflects the full range of your source's PM 
emission concentrations recorded by your PM CEMS during the 
Correlation Test Planning Period or other normal operations as 
defined in the applicable regulations.
    3.3  ``Batch Sampling'' means that gas is sampled on an 
intermittent basis and concentrated on a collection media before 
intermittent analysis and follow up reporting. Beta gauge PM CEMS 
are an example of batch sampling devices.
    3.4  ``Confidence Interval (CI)'' means the statistical term for 
predicting, with 95 percent confidence, the bounds in which one 
would predict the correlation line to lie. Equations for calculating 
CI are provided in section 12.3(1)(ii), Equation 11-10, for the 
polynomial correlation and section 12.3(3)(ii), Equation 11-33, for 
the linear correlation. The CI as a percent of the emission limit 
value is calculated at the median PM CEMS response value.
    3.5  ``Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS)'' means all 
of the equipment required for determination of particulate matter 
mass concentration in units of the emission standard. The sample 
interface, pollutant monitor, diluent monitor, other auxiliary data 
monitor(s) and data recorder are the major subsystems of your CEMS.
    3.6  ``Correlation'' means the primary mathematical relationship 
for correlating output from your PM CEMS (typically expressed in 
some arbitrary units, such as response to a milliamp electrical 
signal) to a particulate concentration, as determined by the RM. The 
correlation is expressed in the same units that your PM CEMS 
measures the PM concentration.
    3.7  ``Correlation Coefficient (r)'' means a quantitative 
measure of association between your PM CEMS outputs and the RM 
measurements. Equations for calculating the r value are provided in 
section 12.3(1)(iv), Equation 11-22, for the polynomial correlation 
and section 12.3(3)(iv), Equation 11-36, for the linear correlation.
    3.8  ``Cycle Time'' means the time required to complete one 
sampling, measurement, and reporting cycle. For a batch sampling PM 
CEMS, the cycle time would start when sample gas is first extracted 
from the stack/duct and end when the measurement of that batch 
sample is complete and a new result for that batch sample is 
produced on the data recorder.
    3.9   ``Data Recorder'' means the portion of your CEMS that 
provides a permanent record of the monitor output in terms of 
response and status (flags). The data recorder may also provide 
automatic data reduction and CEMS control capabilities. (See section 
6.6)
    3.10  ``Diluent Monitor and Other Auxiliary Data Monitor(s) (if 
applicable)''

[[Page 64187]]

means that portion of your CEMS that provides the diluent gas 
concentration (such as O2 or CO2, as specified 
by the applicable regulations), temperature, pressure, and/or 
moisture content, and generates an output proportional to the 
diluent gas concentration or gas property.
    3.11  ``Drift Check'' means a check of the difference in your PM 
CEMS output readings from the established reference value of a 
reference standard or procedure after a stated period of operation 
during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took 
place. The procedures used to determine drift will be specific to 
the operating practices of your specific PM CEMS. A drift check 
includes both a zero drift check and an upscale drift check.
    3.12  ``Flagged Data'' means data marked by your CEMS indicating 
that the response value(s) from one or more CEMS subsystems is 
suspect, invalid, or that your PM CEMS is not in source measurement 
operating mode.
    3.13  ``Linear Correlation'' means a first order mathematical 
relationship between your PM CEMS and manual method PM concentration 
that is linear in form (y = b0 + b1x).
    3.14  ``Paired Trains'' means two simultaneously conducted RM 
trains. (See section 8.6(1) and Procedure 2.)
    3.15  ``Path CEMS'' means a CEMS that measures PM mass 
concentrations along a path across the stack or duct cross section.
    3.16  ``Point CEMS'' means a CEMS that measures particulate 
matter mass concentrations either at a single point, or over a small 
fixed volume or path.
    3.17  ``Polynomial Correlation'' means a second order equation 
used to define the relationship between your PM CEMS output and 
manual method PM concentration (y = b0 + b1x + 
b2x2).
    3.18  ``Reference Method (RM)'' means the method defined in the 
applicable regulations but commonly is those methods collectively 
known as Methods 5 and 17 (for particulate), found in Appendix A of 
40 CFR Part 60. Only the front half and dry filter catch portions of 
the RM can be correlated to your PM CEMS output.
    3.19  ``Reference Standard'' means a reference material or 
procedure that produces a known and unchanging response when 
presented to the pollutant monitor portion of your CEMS. You must 
use these standards to evaluate the overall operation of your PM 
CEMS but not to develop a PM CEMS correlation.
    3.20  ``Response Time'' means the time interval between the 
start of a step change in the system input and the time when the 
pollutant monitor output reaches 95 percent of the final value. (See 
sections 6.5 and 13.3 for procedures and acceptance criteria.)
    3.21  ``Sample Interface'' means the portion of your CEMS used 
for one or more of the following: sample acquisition, sample 
delivery, sample conditioning, or protection of the monitor from the 
effects of the stack effluent.
    3.22  ``Sample Volume Check'' means a check of the difference 
between your PM CEMS sample volume reading and the sample volume 
reference value.
    3.23  ``Tolerance Interval (TI)'' means the interval with upper 
and lower limits, within a specified percentage of the future data 
population are contained with a given level of confidence as defined 
by the respective tolerance interval equations in section 12 of this 
performance specification. The TI is calculated as a percent of the 
emission limit value at the median PM CEMS response value.
    3.24  ``Upscale Check Value'' means the expected response to a 
reference standard or procedure used to check the upscale response 
of your PM CEMS.
    3.25  ``Upscale Drift (UD) Check'' means a check of the 
difference between your PM CEMS output reading and the upscale check 
value.
    3.26  ``Zero Check Value'' means the expected response to a 
reference standard or procedure used to check the response of your 
PM CEMS to particulate free or low particulate concentration 
situations.
    3.27  ``Zero Drift (ZD) Check'' means a check of the difference 
between your PM CEMS output reading and the zero check value.
    3.28  ``Zero Point Correlation Value'' means a value added to PM 
CEMS correlation data to represent low or near zero PM concentration 
data. (See section 8.6 for rationale and procedures.)

4.0  Are There Any Potential Interferences for My PM CEMS?

    Yes, condensible water droplets or condensible acid gas aerosols 
(i.e., those with condensation temperatures above those specified by 
the method) at the measurement location can be interferences for 
your PM CEMS if the necessary precautions are not met.
    4.1  Where are interferences likely to occur? Interferences may 
develop if your CEMS is installed downstream of a wet air pollution 
control system or any other conditions that produce flue gases 
which, at your PM CEMS measurement point, normally or occasionally 
contain entrained water droplets or condensible salts before release 
to the atmosphere.
    4.2  How do I deal with interferences? Your PM CEMS must extract 
and heat a representative sample of the flue gas for measurement to 
simulate results produced by the RM for conditions such as those 
described in section 4.1. Independent of your PM CEMS measurement 
technology and extractive technique, you must have a configuration 
simulating the RM to assure that:
    (1) no formation of new particulate or deposition of particulate 
occurs in sample delivery from the stack or duct; and
    (2) no condensate accumulates in the sample flow measurement 
apparatus.
    4.3  What PM CEMS measurement technologies can I use? You must 
use a PM CEMS measurement technology that is free of interferences 
from any condensible constituent in the flue gas and in stack or 
duct flue gas conditions which normally or occasionally contain 
entrained water droplets or condensible salts.

5.0  What Do I Need To Know To Ensure the Safety of Persons Using PS-
11?

    People using the procedures required under PS-11 may be exposed 
to hazardous materials, operations, site conditions, and equipment. 
This performance specification does not purport to address all of 
the safety issues associated with its use. It is your responsibility 
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine 
the applicable regulatory limitations before performing these 
procedures. You must consult your CEMS users' manual and materials 
recommended by the RM for specific precautions to be taken.

6.0  What Equipment and Supplies Do I Need?

    The different types of PM CEMS use different operating 
principles. You must select an appropriate PM CEMS based on your 
site specific configurations, flue gas conditions, and PM 
characteristics.
    (1) Your PM CEMS must sample the stack effluent continuously or 
intermittently for batch sampling PM CEMS.
    (2) You must ensure that the averaging time, the number of 
measurements in an average, the minimum data availability, and the 
averaging procedure for your CEMS conforms with those specified in 
the applicable emission regulation.
    (3) Your PM CEMS must include the minimum equipment described in 
sections 6.1 through 6.7.
    6.1  What equipment is needed for my PM CEMS's sample interface? 
Your PM CEMS's sample interface must be capable of delivering a 
representative sample of the flue gas to your PM CEMS. This 
subsystem may be required to heat the sample gas to avoid 
particulate deposition or moisture condensation, provide dilution 
air, perform other gas conditioning to prepare the sample for 
analysis, or measure the sample volume/flowrate.
    (1) If your PM CEMS is installed downstream of a wet air 
pollution control system such that the flue gases normally or 
occasionally contain entrained water droplets, your PM CEMS must 
have equipment to extract and heat a representative sample of the 
flue gas for measurement so that the pollutant monitor portion of 
your CEMS measures only dry particulate. Heating must be sufficient 
to raise the temperature of the extracted flue gas to above the 
water condensation temperature and must be maintained at all times 
and at all points in the sample line from where the flue gas is 
extracted to, including the pollutant monitor and any sample flow 
measurement devices.
    (2) You must consider the measured conditions of the sample gas 
stream to ensure that manual test data is converted into 
appropriately consistent units of PM concentration for the 
correlation calculations. Additionally, you must identify what, if 
any, additional auxiliary data continuous monitoring and handling 
systems are necessary in the conversion of your PM CEMS response 
into units of the PM standard.
    (3) If your PM CEMS is an extractive type and your source's flue 
gas volumetric flow rate varies by more than 10 percent from 
nominal, your PM CEMS must maintain an isokinetic sampling rate 
(within 10 percent of true isokinetic). If your extractive type PM 
CEMS does not maintain an isokinetic

[[Page 64188]]

sampling rate, you must use actual site-specific data to prove to 
us, the State and/or local enforcement agency that isokinetic 
sampling is not necessary.
    6.2  What type of equipment is needed for my PM CEMS? Your PM 
CEMS must be capable of providing an electronic output proportional 
to the PM concentration.
    (1) Your PM CEMS must be able to perform zero and upscale drift 
checks. You may perform these checks manually, but performing these 
checks automatically is preferred.
    (2) Your PM CEMS must also be capable of performing automatic 
diagnostic checks and sending instrument status signals (flags) to 
the data recorder.
    (3) If your PM CEMS is an extractive type that measures the 
sample volume and uses the measured sample volume as part of 
calculating the output value, your PM CEMS must check the sample 
volume to verify the sample volume measuring equipment. You must do 
this sample volume check at the normal sampling rate of your PM 
CEMS.
    6.3  What is the appropriate measurement range for my PM CEMS? 
Your PM CEMS must be initially set up to measure over the expected 
range of your source's PM emission concentrations during routine 
operations. This will allow your PM CEMS to detect and record 
significant high PM concentrations encountered during the 
Correlation Test Planning Period. You may change the measurement 
range to a more appropriate range during the Correlation Test 
Planning Period based on your findings.
    6.4  What if my PM CEMS does automatic range switching? Your PM 
CEMS may be equipped to perform automatic range switching so that it 
is operating in a range most sensitive to the detected 
concentrations. If your PM CEMS does automatic range switching, you 
must appropriately configure the data recorder to adequately handle 
the recording of data values being recorded in multiple ranges 
during range switching intervals.
    6.5  What averaging time and sample intervals should be used? 
Your CEMS must sample the stack effluent such that the averaging 
time, the number of measurements in an average, the minimum sampling 
time, and the averaging procedure for reporting and determining 
compliance conform with those specified in the applicable 
regulation. Your PM CEMS must be designed to meet the specified 
response time and cycle time established in this Performance 
Specification. (See section 13.3.)
    6.6  What type of equipment is needed for my data recorder? Your 
CEMS data recorder must be able to accept and record electronic 
signals from all the monitors.
    (1) Your data recorder must record the signals from your PM CEMS 
that are proportional to particulate mass concentrations. If your PM 
CEMS uses multiple ranges, your data recorder must identify what 
range the measurement was made in and provide range adjusted 
results.
    (2) Your data recorder must accept and record monitor status 
signals (flagged data).
    (3) Your data recorder must accept signals from auxiliary data 
monitors, as appropriate.
    6.7  What other equipment and supplies might I need? You may 
need other supporting equipment as defined by the applicable RM(s) 
(see section 7) or as specified by your CEMS manufacturer.

7.0  What Reagents and Standards Do I Need?

    7.1  You will need reference-audit rods, -audit wedges, foils, 
optical filters or other technology-appropriate reference media that 
are provided by your PM CEMS manufacturer. You must use these 
reference media for the quarterly QA/QC audits and for daily drift 
checks (i.e., to measure drift or response) of your PM CEMS. These 
need not be certified but must be documented by the manufacturer to 
give results that are consistent, repeatable and reliable.
    7.2  You may need other reagents and standards required by the 
applicable RM(s).

8.0  What Performance Specification Test Procedure Do I Follow?

    You must complete each of the activities in sections 8.1 through 
8.8 for your performance specification test.
    8.1  What is the appropriate equipment selection and setup? You 
must select a PM CEMS that is most appropriate for your source, 
giving consideration to potential factors such as flue gas 
conditions, interferences, site specific configuration, installation 
location, PM concentration range and other PM characteristics. Your 
PM CEMS must meet the equipment specifications of section 6.1.
    (1) You must select a PM CEMS that is appropriate for the flue 
gas conditions at your source. If your source contains entrained 
water droplets, your PM CEMS will require a sample delivery and 
conditioning system that is capable of extracting and heating a 
representative sample.
    (i) Your PM CEMS must maintain the sample at a temperature 
sufficient to prevent moisture condensation in the sample line 
before analysis of PM.
    (ii) If condensible PM is an issue, your PM CEMS must maintain 
the sample gas temperature at the same temperature as the RM filter.
    (iii) Your PM CEMS must avoid condensation in the sample flow 
rate measurement lines.
    (2) Some PM CEMS do not have a wide measurement range 
capability. Therefore, you must select a PM CEMS that is capable of 
measuring the full range of PM concentrations expected from your 
source from normal levels through the emission limit concentration.
    (3) Some PM CEMS are sensitive to particle size changes, water 
droplets in the gas stream, particle charge, and stack gas velocity 
changes, etc. Therefore, you must select a PM CEMS appropriate for 
your source's PM characteristics.
    (4) You must set up your CEMS to operate in accordance with the 
manufacturer's recommendations.
    (5) You must consult your PM CEMS vendor to obtain basic 
recommendations on the instrument capabilities and setup 
configuration. You are ultimately responsible for setup and 
operation of your PM CEMS.
    8.2  Where do I install my PM CEMS? You must install your PM 
CEMS at an accessible location downstream of all pollution control 
equipment. You must perform your PM CEMS concentration measurements 
from a location considered most representative, or be able to 
provide data that can be corrected to be representative of the total 
PM emissions as determined by the manual RM.
    (1) Your site specific correlation developed during the initial 
correlation testing must relate specific PM CEMS responses to 
integrated particulate concentrations.
    (2) We may require you to relocate your CEMS if the cause of 
failure to meet the correlation criteria is determined to be the 
measurement location and a satisfactory correction technique cannot 
be established.
    (3) You must select a measurement location that minimizes 
problems due to flow disturbances, cyclonic flow, and varying PM 
stratification (refer to Method 1 for guidance).
    (4) If you plan to achieve higher emissions, for correlation 
test purposes, by adjusting the performance of the air pollution 
control device (per section 8.6(5)(i)) or by installing a means to 
bypass part of the flue gas around the control device, you must 
locate your PM CEMS measurement (and manual RM measurement) location 
well downstream of the control device or bypass (e.g., downstream of 
the induced draft fan), in order to minimize PM stratification that 
may be created in these cases.
    8.3  How do I select the manual RM measurement location and 
traverse points? You must follow EPA Method 1 for identifying manual 
RM traverse points. Ideally, you should perform your manual 
measurements at locations where the 8 and 2 flow disturbance 
criteria are met. Where necessary, you may conduct testing at a 
location that is 2 diameters downstream and 0.5 diameters upstream 
of flow disturbances. If your location does not meet the minimum 
downstream and upstream requirements, you must obtain approval from 
us to test at your location.
    8.4  What are my pretest preparation steps? You must install 
your CEMS and prepare the RM test site according to the 
specifications in sections 8.2 and 8.3. You must prepare your CEMS 
for operation according to the manufacturer's written instructions.
    (1) After completing the initial field installation, you must 
operate your PM CEMS according to the manufacturer's instructions 
for a shakedown period. Except during times of instrument zero and 
upscale drift checks, your CEMS must analyze the effluent gas for PM 
and produce a permanent record of your PM CEMS output.
    (i) You must conduct daily checks (zero and upscale drift and 
sample volume, as appropriate); and, when any check exceeds the 
daily specification (see section 13.1), make adjustments and perform 
any necessary maintenance to ensure reliable operation. Your data 
recorder must reflect these checks and adjustments.
    (ii) If the shakedown period is interrupted because of source 
breakdown, you must continue the shakedown period following 
resumption of source operation. If the shakedown period is 
interrupted because of monitor failure, you must continue the 
shakedown period when the monitor becomes operational.

[[Page 64189]]

    (iii) The objective of the shakedown period is for you to become 
familiar with your PM CEMS and its routine operation for providing 
reliable data.
    (iv) Therefore, you must continue the shakedown until you are 
confident that your PM CEMS is operating within the manufacturer's 
specifications.
    (2) After completing the shakedown period, you must operate your 
CEMS over a Correlation Test Planning Period of sufficient duration 
to identify the full range of operating conditions and PM emissions 
to be used in your PM CEMS correlation test. During the Correlation 
Test Planning Period you must produce a permanent record of 15-
minute average PM CEMS responses.
    (i) During the Correlation Test Planning Period you must operate 
the process and air pollution control equipment in their normal set 
of operating conditions.
    (ii) Your data recorder must record PM CEMS response during the 
full range of routine process operating conditions.
    (iii) You must establish the relationships between operating 
conditions and PM CEMS response, especially those conditions that 
produce the highest PM CEMS response over 15-minute averaging 
periods, and the lowest PM CEMS response as well. The objective of 
this is for you to be able to reproduce the conditions for purposes 
of the actual correlation testing discussed in section 8.6.
    (iv) You must set the response range of your PM CEMS for the 
subsequent correlation testing.
    (3) You must set the response range of your PM CEMS such that 
its output is within 50 to 60 percent of its maximum output (e.g., 
12 to 13.6 mA on a 4 to 20 mA output) when your source is operating 
at the conditions that were previously observed to produce the 
highest PM CEMS output. But, the response range must be set such 
that no 15-minute average equals your PM CEMS maximum output (e.g., 
20 mA). In some cases, you may desire to set the response range of 
your PM CEMS such that its output is 50 to 60 percent of its maximum 
output (e.g., 12 to 13.6 mA on a 4 to 20 mA output) when your source 
is operating at its PM emission limit. You may do this by perturbing 
operation of the air pollution control equipment or bypassing part 
of the flue gas around the control equipment in order to create PM 
emissions at the emission limit.
    (4) We recommend that you perform preliminary manual RM testing 
after the Correlation Test Planning Period. During this preliminary 
testing, you would measure the PM emission concentration 
corresponding to the highest PM CEMS response observed during the 
full range of normal operation, or when perturbing or bypassing the 
control equipment.
    (5) During the last seven days of the Correlation Test Planning 
Period, and after the monitor response range has been set, you must 
perform the 7-day zero and upscale drift test (see section 8.5).
    (6) You cannot change the response range of the monitor once the 
response range has been set, and the drift test successfully 
completed.
    8.5  How do I perform the 7-day drift test? You must check the 
zero (or low level value between 0 and 20 percent of the response 
range of the instrument) and upscale (between 50 and 100 percent of 
the instrument's response range) drift. You must perform this check 
at least once daily over 7 consecutive days. Your PM CEMS must 
quantify and record the zero and upscale measurements and the time 
of the measurements. If you make automatic or manual adjustments to 
your PM CEMS zero and upscale settings, you must conduct the drift 
test immediately before these adjustments, or conduct it in such a 
way that you can determine the amount of drift. You will find the 
calculation procedures for drift in section 12.1 and the acceptance 
criteria for allowable drift in section 13.1.
    (1) What is the purpose of 7-day drift tests? The 7-day drift 
tests validate the internal performance of your PM CEMS. Another 
purpose of the 7-day drift measurements is to verify that your CEMS 
response remains consistent with the responses recorded during the 
development of the initial correlation and to determine whether your 
PM CEMS is out of control during day to day operation as specified 
in section 13.1.
    (2) How do I do the 7-day drift testing? You must determine the 
magnitude of the drift once each day, at 24-hour intervals), for 7 
consecutive days while your source is operating normally.
    (i) You must conduct the 7-day drift test at the two points 
specified in section 8.5. You may perform the 7-day drift tests 
automatically or manually by introducing to your PM CEMS suitable 
reference standards (these need not be certified) or procedures.
    (ii) You must record your PM CEMS zero and upscale response and 
evaluate them against the zero check value and upscale check value.
    (iii) You must conduct the 7-day drift test near the end of the 
Correlation Test Planning Period. A valid 7-day drift test must be 
completed before attempting the correlation test.
    8.6  How do I conduct my PM CEMS correlation test? You must 
conduct the correlation test according to the procedure given in 
paragraphs (2) through (6) while your source is operating at the 
conditions you observed and documented during the Correlation Test 
Planning Period discussed in section 8.4(2). If you need multiple 
correlations, you must conduct sufficient testing and collect at 
least 15 pairs of RM and PM CEMS data for calculating each separate 
correlation.
    (1) You must use the RM for particulate matter (usually Methods 
5, 5i, or 17) that is prescribed by the applicable regulations. You 
may need to perform other RMs or performance specifications (e.g., 
Method 3 for oxygen, Method 4 for moisture, etc.) depending on the 
units in which your PM CEMS reports PM concentration.

    Note: You may use test runs that are shorter than 60 minutes in 
duration (e.g., 20 or 30 minutes). You may perform your PM CEMS 
correlation tests during new source performance standards 
performance tests or other compliance tests subject to the Clean Air 
Act or other statutes, such as the Resource Conservation and 
Recovery Act. In these cases, your RM results obtained during the PM 
CEMS correlation test may be used to determine compliance as long as 
your source and the test conditions are consistent with the 
applicable regulations.

    (i) You must use paired RM trains when collecting manual PM 
data. You use results of the paired trains to identify and screen 
the RM data for imprecision and bias.
    (ii) During all paired train testing, you must eliminate from 
the data set used to develop a PM CEMS correlation any pair of data 
that do not meet the precision criteria specified in Procedure 2, 
paragraph 10.1(3).
    (iii) You must test the valid data set for bias according to 
Procedure 2, section 10.1(4)(i). You may not use biased data in 
developing your PM CEMS correlation. You must identify and correct 
the source of the bias before repeating the manual testing program.
    (iv) You must correct the RM results to units consistent with 
the results of your PM CEMS measurements. For example, if your PM 
CEMS measures and reports PM emissions in the units of mass per 
actual volume of stack gas, you must correct your RM results to 
those units (e.g., mg/acm). If your PM CEMS extracts and heats the 
sample gas to eliminate water droplets, then measures and reports PM 
emissions under those actual conditions, you must correct your RM 
results to those same conditions (e.g., mg/acm at 160 deg.C).
    (2) During each test run, you must coordinate process 
operations, RM sampling, and PM CEMS operations. For example, you 
must assure that: (1) The process is operating at the targeted 
conditions, (2) both RM trains are sampling simultaneously, and (3) 
your PM CEMS and data logger are properly operating.
    (i) You must coordinate the start and stop times of each run 
between the RM sampling and PM CEMS operation. For a batch sampling 
PM CEMS, you must start the RM at the same time as your PM CEMS 
sampling.
    (ii) You must note the times for port changes on the data sheets 
so that you can adjust your PM CEMS data accordingly, if necessary.
    (iii) You must properly align the time periods for your PM CEMS 
and your RM measurements to account for your PM CEMS response time.
    (3) You must conduct a minimum of 15 valid runs each consisting 
of simultaneous PM CEMS and RM measurements sets.
    (i) You may conduct more than 15 sets of CEMS and RM measurement 
sets. If you choose this option, you may reject certain test results 
so long as the total number of valid test results you use to 
determine the correlation is greater than or equal to 15.
    (ii) You must report all data, including the rejected data.
    (iii) If you reject data, the basis for rejecting data must be 
explicitly stated in: (1) The RM, (2) this Performance Specification 
or Procedure 2, or (3) your QA plan.
    (iv) If you use more than 15 runs for the correlation test, each 
emissions concentration level described in section 8.6(4) must 
contain no fewer than 20 percent of the total number of runs.
    (4) Simultaneous PM CEMS and RM measurements must be performed 
in a

[[Page 64190]]

manner to ensure that the range of data for your PM CEMS's 
correlation is maximized. The range of data must be identified 
during the Correlation Test Planning Period. You must first attempt 
to maximize your correlation range by following paragraphs (i) 
through (iv). If you cannot obtain the three levels as described in 
(i) through (iv), then you must use the procedure in section (5).
    (i) You must attempt to obtain the three different levels of PM 
mass concentration by varying process or PM control device 
conditions, or bypassing part of the flue gas around the control 
equipment.
    (ii) The three PM concentration levels you use in the 
correlation tests must be distributed over the complete operating 
range experienced by your source.
    (iii) At least 20 percent of the minimum 15 measured data points 
you use must be contained in each of the following levels as 
determined by your PM CEMS during the Correlation Test Planning 
Period:
     Level 1: From no PM (zero concentration) emissions to 
50 percent of the maximum PM concentration;
     Level 2: 25 to 75 percent of the maximum PM 
concentration; and
     Level 3: 50 to 100 percent of the maximum PM 
concentration.
    (iv) Although the above levels overlap, you may only apply 
individual run data to one level.
    (5) If you cannot obtain three distinct levels of PM 
concentration as described, you must perform correlation testing at 
whatever range of PM concentrations your PM CEMS recorded during the 
Correlation Test Planning Period. To ensure that the range of data 
for your PM CEMS's correlation is maximized, you must follow one or 
more of the steps in paragraphs (i) through (iii).
    (i) If you have an extractive PM CEMS, introduce zero air or 
filtered ambient air into your PM CEMS sample line to obtain 
instrument response for a particulate free flue gas.
    (ii) To obtain zero point data, perform manual RM measurements 
when the flue gas is free of particulate emissions or contains very 
low PM concentration (e.g., when your process is not operating but 
the fans are operating or your source is combusting only natural 
gas).
    (iii) If none of the steps in paragraphs (ii) or (iii) are 
possible, you must assume what the monitor response should be when 
no PM is in the flue gas (e.g., 4 mA = 0 mg/acm).
    8.7  What do I do with my PM CEMS initial correlation test data? 
You must calculate and report the results of the correlation testing 
as cited in section 12. You must include all data sheets, 
calculations, charts (records of PM CEMS responses), process data 
records including PM control equipment operating parameters, and 
manufacturer's reference media certifications necessary to confirm 
that your PM CEMS met the performance specifications. In addition, 
you must:
    (1) Determine the integrated (arithmetic average) PM CEMS output 
over each RM test period.
    (2) adjust your PM CEMS outputs and RM test data to the same 
clock time (considering response time of your PM CEMS). (3) confirm 
that the RM results are consistent with your PM CEMS response in 
terms of, where applicable, moisture, temperature, pressure, and 
diluent concentrations.
    (4) determine whether any of the RM test results do not meet the 
test method criteria or the precision and bias criteria in Procedure 
2; and
    (5) calculate the correlation coefficient, confidence interval, 
and tolerance interval for the complete set of CEMS/RM correlation 
data using the procedures in section 12.0.
    8.8  What is the limitation on the range of my PM CEMS 
correlation? Data you collect during the correlation testing should 
be representative of the full range of normal operating conditions 
at your source as observed during the Correlation Test Planning 
Period. You must use these data to develop the correlation, even 
though this may in some situations consist of data over a narrow 
range of PM concentration and PM CEMS response that are well below 
your source's PM emission limit.
    (1) If your source later generates three consecutive hourly 
averages greater than 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response 
(e.g., mA reading) used for the correlation curve, you must collect 
additional correlation data at the higher PM CEMS response unless 
we, the State and or local enforcement agency determine that 
repeating the condition is not appropriate. In doing so, you must 
conduct three additional test runs at the higher response and revise 
the correlation equation within 30 days after the occurrence of the 
three consecutive hourly averages. You must use resulting new data 
along with the previous data to calculate a revised correlation 
equation.

9.0  What Quality Control Measures Are Required?

    Quality control components are presented in 40 CFR part 60, 
Appendix F, Procedure 2.

10.0  What Calibration and Standardization Procedures Must I Perform? 
[Reserved]

11.0  What Analytical Procedures Apply to This Procedure?

    Specific analytical procedures are outlined in the applicable 
RM(s).

12.0  What Calculations and Data Analysis Are Needed?

    You must determine the primary relationship for correlating 
output from your PM CEMS to a particulate concentration, typically 
in units of mg/m\3\ of flue gas, using the calculations and data 
analysis process in sections 12.2 and 12.3. You develop the 
correlation by performing an appropriate regression analysis between 
your PM CEMS response and your RM data.
    12.1  How do I calculate upscale drift and zero drift? To 
establish reliability of your PM CEMS by achieving specific drift 
check requirements, you must determine the difference in your PM 
CEMS output readings from the established reference values (zero and 
upscale check values) after a stated period of operation during 
which you performed no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or 
adjustment.
    (1) Calculate the Upscale Drift (UD) using Equation 11-1:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.000
    
Where:

UD = The upscale (high level) drift of your PM CEMS in percent,
RCEM = The measured PM CEMS response of the upscale 
reference standard, and
RV = The pre-established numerical value of the upscale 
reference standard.

    (2) Calculate the Zero Drift (ZD) using Equation 11-2:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.001
    
Where:

ZD = The zero (low level) drift of your PM CEMS in percent.
RCEM = The measured PM CEMS response of the zero 
reference standard, and
RL = The pre-established numerical value of the zero 
reference standard.
RV = The pre-established numerical value of the upscale 
reference standard.

    (3) Summarize the results on a data sheet similar to that shown 
in Table 11-3 (see section 18).
    12.2  How do I prepare my regression analysis? You must couple 
the measured PM concentration, y, in the appropriate units, with an 
average PM CEMS response, x, over corresponding time periods. You 
must complete your PM CEMS correlation calculations using data 
deemed acceptable by quality control procedures identified in 40 CFR 
60 Appendix F, Procedure 2.
    (1) You must evaluate all flagged or suspect data produced 
during measurement periods and determine whether they should be 
excluded from your PM CEMS's average.
    (2) You must adjust the RM PM concentrations to the units of 
your PM CEMS measurement conditions. The conditions of your PM CEMS 
measurement are monitor specific. You must obtain from your PM 
CEMS's vendor the unit of measure for your PM CEMS.
    (i) If your sample gas contains entrained water droplets, you 
must calculate moisture by one of the following methods, as further 
clarified in subsections (ii) and (iii) below: (1) determined from 
the impinger analysis, or (2) calculated from a psychrometric chart 
based on assumed saturation conditions.
    (ii) If your PM CEMS measures PM at non-actual conditions (e.g., 
dry standard conditions), you must use the lower of the two 
calculated moisture values.
    (iii) If your PM CEMS measures PM at an actual stack condition, 
you must use the measured moisture content from impingers and not 
moisture calculated based on saturated conditions when adjusting 
your RM PM data to PM CEMS conditions.
    12.3  How do I determine my PM CEMS correlation? To predict PM 
concentration from PM CEMS responses, you must use the calculation 
method of least squares presented in paragraphs (1) through (4). 
This method minimizes the vertical segments from the data points to 
the fitted correlation. You must investigate the correlations in the 
order they are presented: polynomial (i.e., second

[[Page 64191]]

order), logarithmic, and linear (i.e., first order). Finally, your 
correlation must meet the criteria presented in section 13.
    (1) Calculate the coefficients of the polynomial correlation and 
confidence and tolerance intervals using Equations 11-3 through 11-
23.
    (i) Calculate the polynomial correlation of Equation 11-3 using 
Equations 11-4 through 11-9. A least-squares polynomial regression 
provides the best fit coefficients b0, b1, and 
b2 for your PM CEMS correlation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.002

The coefficients b0, b1, and b2 are 
determined from the solution to the matrix equation Ab=B
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.003

and
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.004

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.005

    The solutions to b0, b1, and b2 
are:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.006

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.007

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.008

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.009

    (ii) Calculate the two-sided 95 percent confidence interval 
given by Equation 11-10 for the polynomial regression using 
Equations 11-11 through 11-16. For any positive value of x, the two-
sided confidence interval is given by:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.010

Where:

f=n-3,

    Use the t factors listed in Table 1.
    Equation 11-10 is simplified to:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.011
    
    Calculate the confidence interval percent (CI %) by Equation 11-
12:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.012

Where:

CI = The confidence interval at the median x value
EL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2.

    Determine the scatter or deviation of y values about the 
polynomial regression curve (correlation) SP using 
Equations 11-13 through 11-16:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.013


[[Page 64192]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.014

    Calculate the C coefficients using Equation 11-15.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.015
    
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.016

    (iii) Calculate the two-sided tolerance interval given by 
Equation 11-17 for the polynomial regression using Equations 11-18 
through 11-21. For any positive value of x, the two-sided tolerance 
interval is given by:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.017

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.018

with f=n-3, and
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.019

with n'  2.

    Use the vf and un,, values in Table 1.
    Equation 11-17 is simplified to:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.020
    
    Calculate the tolerance interval percent (TI %) using Equation 
11-21:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.021

where:

TI = The tolerance interval at the median x value
EL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2.
    (iv) Calculate the polynomial correlation coefficient, r, from:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.022
    
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.023

    (v) Any correlation you develop must predict an increased PM 
concentration with an increased PM CEMS response within the 
extrapolated range. The sign of the polynomial slope must not change 
within the extrapolated range of PM CEMS responses. To meet this 
criterion, the polynomial minimum or maximum must exist outside the 
expanded data range. The minimum or maximum is the point where the 
slope of the polynomial curve equals zero. You must calculate the 
minimum or maximum using Equation 11-24.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.024

    If b2 > 0, your polynomial curve has a minimum. The 
minimum must exist outside and below the range of PM CEMS responses 
collected during the correlation period.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.025

If the relationship in Equation 11-25 is true and the correlation 
criteria described in section 13.2 are within the acceptable limits, 
you must proceed to the linear analysis presented in section 
12.3(3).
    If b2  0 your polynomial curve has a maximum. The 
maximum must be above 125 percent of the highest PM CEMS response 
during the correlation test.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.026

If the relationship in Equation 11-26 is true and the correlation 
criteria described in section 13.2 are within the acceptable limits, 
you must proceed to the linear analysis presented in section 
12.3(3).
    (2) If the minimum or maximum for the polynomial correlation 
exists outside the range of PM CEMS responses during the correlation 
test or the polynomial correlation criteria are not satisfactory, 
you must also investigate the logarithmic correlation. Perform a 
logarithmic transformation of each average PM CEMS response (x 
values). You can use any number greater than 1 for the base of the 
logarithm, since the same correlation coefficient will result. You 
must apply all the procedures and equations outlined in the linear 
model in section 12.3(3) after logarithmic transformation of the x 
values has occurred.
    You must evaluate the logarithmic correlation at the criteria 
presented in section 13.2. If all acceptance criteria are achieved, 
you discontinue further analysis and report all PM CEMS responses 
using the logarithmic curve.
    (3) If the minimum or maximum as defined in Equation 11-24 
exists inside the range of PM CEMS responses obtain during the 
correlation test, you must not use the polynomial correlation, and 
you must perform the following linear regression. Your

[[Page 64193]]

PM CEMS data appear on the x axis, and the RM data appear on the y 
axis.
    (i) Calculate the linear regression, which gives the predicted 
mass emission y based on your PM CEMS response x, given by Equation 
11-27, using Equations 11-28 through 11-32.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.027

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.028

        and
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.029
    
Calculate the mean values of the x and y data sets using Equation 
11-30
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.030

where xi and yi are the absolute values of the 
individual measurements and n is the number of data points. 
Calculate the values of Sxx, Syy, and 
Sxy using Equation 11-31,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.031

and then calculate the scatter or deviation of y values about the 
regression line (correlation), SL, using Equation 11-32.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.032

    (ii) Calculate the two-sided 100 (1-a)% 
confidence interval, yc-lower yc-upper, for 
the predicted concentration y at point x, using Equation 11-33. 
Then, calculate the confidence interval as a percent of the emission 
limit at the median x value.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.033

    (iii) Calculate the two-sided tolerance interval, 
yt-lower yt-upper, for a future observation at 
point x, given by Equation 11-34 for the linear regression using 
Equations 11-35 and 11-36.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.034

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.035

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.036

    Determine the tolerance factor u n, for 75 percent by 
first calculating n' and rounding to the nearest whole number. If 
the calculated u n' is less than 2, n' = 2. Use the 
u n, values as a function on n' and the v and t factors 
from Table 1. Then, calculate the tolerance interval as a percent of 
the emission limit at the median x value.
    (iv) Calculate the linear correlation coefficient, r, using 
Equation 11-37.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.037

Where:

Sy was defined by Equation 11-23.

    (v) After calculating the polynomial, logarithmic (if needed), 
and linear correlations, you must determine which correlation 
produces the best fit to the correlation data. This test to 
determine if the fit using a polynomial correlation offers a 
statistically significant improvement over the linear correlation is 
shown in Equation 11-38. The test is based on the values of 
deviation, S, calculated in the two formulations:
    SP is the deviation from the polynomial regression, 
calculated in Equation 11-13, and
    SL denotes the deviation from the linear regression, 
calculated in Equation 11-32.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.038

Where:

df = 1, n-3
f = n-3

    Put the values for SP and SL into Equation 
11-38 and compare the result to F1,f. Use the values of 
F1,f at the 95 percent confidence level in Table 2.
    If the relationship in Equation 11-38 is true, the polynomial 
regression gives a better fit at the 95 percent confidence level. 
Evaluate the criteria described in section 13.2 for the polynomial 
regression. If the criteria are within the acceptable limits, you 
report all PM CEMS response values using the polynomial curve.
    If the relationship in Equation 11-38 is false, the linear 
regression gives a better fit at the 95 percent confidence level. 
Evaluate the criteria described in section 13.2 for the linear 
regression. If the criteria are within the acceptable limits, you 
must report all PM CEMS response values using the linear regression.
    (4) You may petition the Administrator for alternative solutions 
or sampling recommendations if the regression analysis presented in 
paragraphs (1) through (3) does not achieve acceptable correlation, 
confidence or tolerance intervals.

13.0  What Are the Performance Criteria for My PM CEMS?

    You evaluate your PM CEMS based on the 7-day drift check, the 
accuracy of the correlation, and the sampling periods and cycle/
response time.
    13.1  What Is the 7-day Drift Check performance specification? 
Your daily PM CEMS internal drift checks must demonstrate that you 
PM CEMS does not drift or deviate from the value of the reference 
light, optical filter, Beta attenuation signal, or other technology-
suitable vendor-provided reference standard by more than 2 percent 
of the upscale value. If your CEMS includes diluent and/or auxiliary 
monitors (for temperature, pressure, and/or moisture) that are 
employed as a necessary part of this performance specification, you 
must determine the calibration drift separately for each ancillary 
monitor in terms of its respective output (see the appropriate 
Performance Specification for the diluent CEMS specification). None 
of the calibration drifts may exceed their separate specification.
    13.2  What are the correlation performance specifications? Your 
PM CEMS correlation must meet each of the minimum specifications in 
paragraphs (1), (2), and (3). Before confidence and tolerance 
interval percentage calculations are made, you must convert the 
emission limit to the appropriate units of your PM CEMS measurement 
conditions using the average of oxygen and designated gas property 
(e.g., temperature,

[[Page 64194]]

pressure, and moisture) values experienced during the correlation 
test.
    (1) The correlation coefficient, r, must be greater than or 
equal to 0.85.
    (2) The confidence interval (95 percent) at the median PM CEMS 
reading from the correlation test must be within 10 percent of the 
PM emission limit value specified in the applicable regulation.
    (3) The tolerance interval at the median PM CEMS reading from 
the correlation test must have 95 percent confidence that 75 percent 
of all possible values are within 25 percent of the PM emission 
limit value specified in the applicable regulation.
    13.3  What are the sampling periods and cycle/response time? You 
must document and maintain the response time and any changes in the 
response time following installation.
    (1) The response time for your PM CEMS must not exceed 2 minutes 
to achieve 95 percent of the final stable value.
    (2) If you have a batch sampling PM CEMS, you must evaluate the 
limits presented in paragraphs (i) and (ii).
    (i) Your PM CEMS's response time, which is the equivalent to the 
cycle time, must be no longer than 15 minutes. In addition, the 
delay between the end of the sampling time and reporting of the 
sample analysis must be no greater than 3 minutes. You must document 
any changes in the response time following installation.
    (ii) Your PM CEMS's sampling time must be no less than 30 
percent of the cycle time. If you have a batch sampling PM CEMS, 
sampling must be continuous except during pauses when the collected 
pollutant on the capture media is being analyzed and the next 
capture medium starts collecting sample.
    13.4  What PM compliance monitoring must I do? You must report 
your CEMS measurements in the units of the standard expressed in the 
regulations (e.g., mg/dscm @ 7 percent oxygen, lb/mmBtu, etc.). You 
may need to install auxiliary data monitoring equipment to convert 
the units reported by your PM CEMS into units of the PM emission 
standard.

14.0  Pollution Prevention. [Reserved]

15.0  Waste Management. [Reserved]

16.0  Which References Are Relevant To This Performance Specification?

    16.1  Technical Guidance Document: Compliance Assurance 
Monitoring. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air 
Quality Planning and Standards Emission Measurement Center. August 
1998.
    16.2  40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, ``Performance Specification 
2--Specifications and Test Procedures for SO2 and 
NOX, Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary 
Sources.''
    16.3  40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, ``Performance Specification 
1--Specification and Test Procedures for Opacity Continuous Emission 
Monitoring Systems in Stationary Sources.
    16.4  40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, ``Method 1--Sample and 
Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources.''
    16.5  ``Current Knowledge of Particulate Matter (PM) Continuous 
Emission Monitoring,'' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-
454/R-00-039, September 2000.
    16.6  40 CFR part 266, Appendix IX, Section 2, ``Performance 
Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems.''
    16.7  ISO 10155, ``Stationary Source Emissions--Automated 
Monitoring of Mass Concentrations of Particles: Performance 
Characteristics, Test Procedures, and Specifications,'' dated 1995, 
American National Standards Institute, New York City.
    16.8  G. Box, W. Hunter, J. Hunter, Statistics for Experimenters 
(Wiley, New York, 1978).
    16.9  M. Spiegel, Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables 
(McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968).
    17.0   What Reference tables and validation data are relevant to 
PS-11? The information in Tables 1 and 2. Use Table 3 to record your 
7-day drift test data.

                     Table 1.--Factors for Calculation of Confidence and Tolerance Intervals
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             f or n'                                    t f             v f          u n (75)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2...............................................................           4.303           4.415           1.433
3...............................................................           3.182           2.920           1.340
4...............................................................           2.776           2.372           1.295
5...............................................................           2.571           2.089           1.266
6...............................................................           2.447           1.915           1.247
7...............................................................           2.365           1.797           1.233
8...............................................................           2.306           1.711           1.223
9...............................................................           2.262           1.645           1.214
10..............................................................           2.228           1.593           1.208
11..............................................................           2.201           1.551           1.203
12..............................................................           2.179           1.515           1.199
13..............................................................           2.160           1.485           1.195
14..............................................................           2.145           1.460           1.192
15..............................................................           2.131           1.437           1.189
16..............................................................           2.120           1.418           1.187
17..............................................................           2.110           1.400           1.185
18..............................................................           2.101           1.385           1.183
19..............................................................           2.093           1.370           1.181
20..............................................................           2.086           1.358           1.179
21..............................................................           2.080           1.346           1.178
22..............................................................           2.074           1.335           1.177
23..............................................................           2.069           1.326           1.175
24..............................................................           2.064           1.317           1.174
25..............................................................           2.060           1.308           1.173
26..............................................................           2.056           1.301           1.172
27..............................................................           2.052           1.294           1.172
28..............................................................           2.048           1.287           1.171
29..............................................................           2.045           1.281           1.171
30..............................................................           2.042           1.274           1.170
31..............................................................           2.040           1.269           1.169
32..............................................................           2.037           1.264           1.169
33..............................................................           2.035           1.258           1.168
34..............................................................           2.032           1.253           1.168
35..............................................................           2.030           1.248           1.167
36..............................................................           2.028           1.244           1.167
37..............................................................           2.026           1.240           1.166
38..............................................................           2.025           1.236           1.166
39..............................................................           2.023           1.232           1.165

[[Page 64195]]

 
40..............................................................           2.021           1.228           1.165
41..............................................................           2.020           1.225           1.165
42..............................................................           2.018           1.222           1.164
43..............................................................           2.017           1.219           1.164
44..............................................................           2.015           1.216           1.163
45..............................................................           2.014           1.213           1.163
46..............................................................           2.013           1.210           1.163
47..............................................................           2.012           1.207           1.163
48..............................................................           2.011           1.205           1.162
49..............................................................           2.010           1.202           1.162
50..............................................................           2.009           1.199           1.162
51..............................................................           2.008           1.197           1.162
52..............................................................           2.007           1.194           1.162
53..............................................................           2.006           1.191           1.161
54..............................................................           2.005           1.189           1.161
55..............................................................           2.005           1.186           1.161
56..............................................................           2.004           1.183           1.161
57..............................................................           2.003           1.181           1.161
58..............................................................           2.002           1.178           1.160
59..............................................................           2.001           1.176           1.160
60..............................................................           2.000           1.173           1.160
61..............................................................           2.000           1.170           1.160
62..............................................................           1.999           1.168           1.160
63..............................................................           1.999           1.165           1.159
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                             Table 2.--Values for Ff
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      f                              F1f                        f                       F1f
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................................           161.4   16..............................            4.49
2............................................           18.51   17..............................            4.45
3............................................           10.13   18..............................            4.41
4............................................            7.71   19..............................            4.38
5............................................            6.61   20..............................            4.35
6............................................            5.99   22..............................            4.30
7............................................            5.59   24..............................            4.26
8............................................            5.32   26..............................            4.23
9............................................            5.12   28..............................            4.20
10...........................................            4.96   30..............................            4.17
11...........................................            4.84   40..............................            4.08
12...........................................            4.75   50..............................            4.03
13...........................................            4.67   60..............................            4.00
14...........................................            4.60   80..............................            3.96
15...........................................            4.54   100.............................            3.94
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                         Table 3.--7-Day Drift Test Data
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   PM CEMS
      Zero drift day #        Date and  time     Zero check      response  (R    Difference  (R   Zero drift  (R
                                                value  (R L)        CEMS)         CEMS - R L)    CEMS - R L)/R V
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 64196]]


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   PM CEMS
    Upscale drift day #       Date and  time   Upscale  check    response  (R    Difference  (R   Upscale drift
                                                value (R V)         CEMS)         CEMS - R V)    (R CEMS - R V)/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R V------
1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18.0  Are There Example Calculations I Can Use for Following PS-11?

    The following table is the data set for a hypothetical monitor 
and its initial PM CEMS correlation. These PM CEMS measurement 
conditions are at actual stack conditions. The source emission limit 
is 34 mg/dscm at 7 percent O2. X is the CEMS arbitrary 
unit measurements and Y is the corresponding Method 5 concentration 
at actual stack conditions. The following series of example 
calculations provide an illustration of how data are used to 
determine the correlation coefficient, confidence interval, and 
tolerance interval for PS-11 treatment. You may use this example to 
check any spreadsheets that you build.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Reference
               Run number                     PM CEMS      method  (mg/
                                            response X        acm)  Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................               2               3
2.......................................               6               5
3.......................................              10               4
4.......................................              18               8
5.......................................              24              12
6.......................................              30              14
7.......................................              34              16
8.......................................              36              15
9.......................................              40              17
10......................................              48              18
11......................................              52              17
12......................................              60              19
13......................................              70              18
14......................................              80              21
15......................................              90              23
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    18.1  Calculate the polynomial correlation. Count the number of 
simultaneous CEMS and Reference Method samples:

n = 15

The following calculations are necessary for the matrix solution to 
the polynomial least squares regression analysis.

[[Page 64197]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.039

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.040

    The determinant of the above matrix is determined by the cross 
product:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.041

    The coefficients b0, b1, and b2 
are determined from the solution to the matrix equation Ab=B when:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.042


[[Page 64198]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.043


    Note: More significant figures are necessary for correct 
calculation of b0, b1, and b2.

    The general equation for a polynomial equation is written:
    Substitute the slopes and intercept calculated above:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.044
    
    The scatter or deviation of y values with respect to y 
correlation equation SP is determined:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.045

    Y-predict, y, is calculated on a run by run basis using the 
observed PM concentrations, x, and the polynomial correlation 
equation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.046

    The C coefficients below are necessary for confidence interval 
calculations:

[[Page 64199]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.047

    Delta, , is calculated on a run by run basis using the 
observed PM concentrations, x.

     for Run 1 where x = 2
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.048
    
    18.2  Calculate the polynomial confidence interval. Each y has 
an associated tolerance and confidence intervals. Acceptance 
criteria are based on the percent of the interval over the emission 
limit (see section 13.2).
    Recall: Source Emission limit is 34 mg/dscm @7 percent 
O2. The example PM CEMS conditions of measurement are 
equal to the stack conditions.
    Convert 34 mg/dscm @7 percent O2 into units of actual 
PM concentration:

      where:

Cs@7% = 34 mg/dscm @ 7 percent O2
ts = 292  deg.F, average temperature during initial PM CEMS 
Correlation
Bws = 20, average percent moisture during initial PM CEMS 
Correlation
P = 30 in Hg , average absolute stack pressure during initial PM 
CEMS Correlation
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.049


[[Page 64200]]


    Using the polynomial correlation equation, calculate the 
predicted CEMS response at the median x value (=36).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.050

    Calculate  at the median x value:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.051
    
    Table 1 lists statistical values as a function of sample size 
and degrees of freedom.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.052

    Substitute values into the following equation for confidence 
interval calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.053

    18.3  The polynomial tolerance interval is calculated through a 
series of simple calculations and references to Table 1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.054

From Table 1 un, = 1.203
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.055

    18.4  Calculate the polynomial correlation coefficient. 
Correlation, r, is the statistical measure of association between x 
and y. A value of r near 1 indicates a strong, polynomial 
relationship, while a value near 0 indicates a poor relationship.

[[Page 64201]]

    Quantify scatter of y values with respect to the average y:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.056
    
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.085
    
    Recall the scatter of y values with respect to y correlation 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.057

    18.5  What is the acceptability of the polynomial correlation? 
To meet the criteria, the polynomial minimum or maximum must exist 
outside the expanded data range. Since b2  0, the 
polynomial curve has a maximum. The maximum occurs where y is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.058

    The extrapolation of the correlation curve is limited to 125 
percent above the highest measured PM CEMS response.

Maximum CEMS response = 90
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.059

    The maximum must occur above the highest extrapolation of 
correlated range.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.060

    In this example data set the polynomial correlation equation 
predicts that: As the PM CEMS responses increase above 86.06 the PM 
concentration will decrease. If the source emission limit was 
outside the extrapolated range a violation would be impossible. This 
is not acceptable, therefore proceed to the linear analysis.
    18.6  Calculate the linear correlation.
    Recall the number of simultaneous PM CEMS and RM samples from 
the table above:

n = 15

    Calculate the average RM concentration, x:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.061
    
    Calculate the deviations:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.062
    
    Recall the average PM CEMS Response y = 14
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.063
    
    Calculate the slope (b1):
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.064
    
and the y-intercept (b0):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.065

These values substituted into the general equation of a line yield 
the linear correlation for the above data set:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.066

    The linear deviation is calculated below:
Y-predict, y, is calculated on a run by run basis using the observed 
PM concentrations, x, and the linear correlation equation: for

[[Page 64202]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.067

    18.7  Calculate the linear confidence interval. Recall from the 
polynomial interval investigations the emission limit at actual 
stack conditions:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.068

Using the linear correlation equation, calculate the predicted PM 
CEMS response at the median x value (x= 36)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.069

Calculate the confidence interval using the reference values for 
tf in Table 1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.070

    Confidence interval percent is calculated from:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.071
    
    18.8  Calculate the linear tolerance interval. Recall the median 
x and predicted PM CEMS result as above.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.072

    Calculate n':
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.073
    
Reference the values of v f and un,, from 
Table 1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.074

An intermediate calculation is necessary for the tolerance interval:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.075


[[Page 64203]]


Tolerance interval percent
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.076

    18.9  Calculate the linear correlation coefficient

Where:

Sy = 6.279 (Defined in the Polynomial Correlation)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.077

The linear correlation meets the acceptance criteria. All PM CEMS 
responses should be reported using the linear correlation equation.
    18.10  Determine the best correlation fit. For example purposes 
only, assume that the maximum calculated in the polynomial 
correlation had existed outside the extrapolated range of CEMS 
responses.
    A statistical test determines if the fit using a polynomial 
regression offers a statistically significant improvement over the 
linear regression based on their values of deviation, S, calculated 
in the two formulations.

SQ is the deviation from the polynomial regression.
SL denotes the deviation from the linear regression.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.078

When:

f = n-3

    Reference values of F 1,f at the 95 percent 
confidence level in Table 2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.079

The polynomial regression gives a better fit at the 95 percent 
confidence level.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Polynomial
        Correlation type          Linear  acceptance      acceptance
                                       criteria            criteria
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Correlation Coefficient (r)....  0.9321               0.9726
Confidence Interval (CI).......  6.96%                5.02%
Tolerance Interval (TI)........  21.77%               13.65%
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. Appendix F of Part 60 is amended by adding Procedure 2 to read 
as follows:

Appendix F to Part 60--Quality Assurance Procedures

* * * * *

Procedure 2--Quality Assurance Requirements for Particulate Matter 
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources

1.0  What Are the Purpose and Applicability of Procedure 2?

    The purpose of Procedure 2 is to establish the minimum 
requirements for evaluating the effectiveness of quality control 
(QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures and the quality of data 
produced by your particulate matter (PM) continuous emission 
monitoring system (CEMS). Procedure 2 applies to PM CEMS used for 
continuously determining compliance with emission standards or 
operating permit limits as specified in an applicable regulation or 
permit. Other QC procedures may apply to diluent 
(e.g.,O2) monitors and other auxiliary monitoring 
equipment included with your CEMS to facilitate PM measurement or 
determination of PM concentration in units specified in an 
applicable regulation.
    1.1  What measurement parameter does Procedure 2 address? 
Procedure 2 covers the instrumental measurement of PM as defined by 
your source's applicable RM (no CAS number assigned).
    1.2  For what types of devices must I comply with Procedure 2? 
You must comply with Procedure 2 for the total equipment that:
    (1) We require you to install and operate on a continuous basis 
under the applicable regulation, and
    (2) You use to monitor the PM mass concentration associated with 
the operation of a process or emission control device.
    1.3  What are the data quality objectives of Procedure 2? The 
overall data quality objective (DQO) of Procedure 2 is the 
generation of valid, representative data that can be transferred 
into useful information for determining PM CEMS concentrations 
averaged over a prescribed interval. Procedure 2 is also closely 
associated with Performance Specification 11 (PS-11).
    (1) Procedure 2 specifies the minimum requirements for 
controlling and assessing the quality of PM CEMS data submitted to 
us or the delegated permitting authority.
    (2) You must meet these minimum requirements if you are 
responsible for one or more PM CEMS used for compliance monitoring. 
We encourage you to develop and implement a more extensive QA 
program or to continue such programs where they already exist.
    1.4  What is the intent of the QA/QC Procedures found in 
Procedure 2? Procedure 2 is intended to establish the minimum QA/QC 
requirements for PM CEMS, and is presented in general terms to allow 
you to develop a program that is most effective for your 
circumstances. You may adopt QA/QC procedures which go beyond these 
minimum requirements to ensure compliance with applicable 
regulations.
    1.5  When must I comply with Procedure 2? You must comply with 
Procedure 2 immediately following successful completion of the 
initial correlation test of PS-11.

2.0  What Are the Basic Requirements of Procedure 2?

    Procedure 2 requires you to perform periodic evaluations of PM 
CEMS performance and to develop and implement QA/QC programs to 
ensure that PM CEMS data quality is maintained.

2.1  What Are the Basic Functions of Procedure 2?

    (1) Assessment of the quality of your PM CEMS data by estimating 
measurement accuracy, and
    (2) Control and improvement of the quality of your PM CEMS data 
by implementing QC requirements and corrective actions.
    (3) When the assessment function in paragraph (1) indicates that 
the data quality is inadequate, the corrective actions in paragraph 
(2) must be taken until the data quality is acceptable, and
    (4) Assessment of the precision and bias of data gathered using 
manual RM procedures used to compare PM CEMS instrument response, 
assuring the quality of the RM data, and
    (5) Provides requirements for daily instrument zero and upscale 
drift checks and sample volume checks as well as routine response 
correlation audits, absolute correlation audits, sample volume 
audits, and relative response audits.

3.0  What Special Definitions Apply to Procedure 2?

    The definitions in Procedure 2 include those provided in 
Performance Specification 11 (PS-11) of Appendix B, with the 
following additions:
    3.1  ``Absolute Correlation Audit (ACA)'' means an evaluation of 
your PM CEMS

[[Page 64204]]

response to a series of reference standards covering the full 
measurement range of the instrument (e.g., 4 mA to 20 mA).
    3.2  ``Correlation Range'' means the range of PM CEMS response 
used in the complete set of correlation test data.
    3.3  ``Continuous Emissions Monitoring System'' means all of the 
equipment required for determination of particulate matter mass 
concentration in units of the emission standard. The sample 
interface, pollutant monitor, diluent monitor, other auxiliary data 
monitor(s), and data recorder are the major subsystems of your CEMS.
    3.4  ``Drift Check'' means a determination of the difference in 
your PM CEMS output readings from the established reference value of 
a reference standard or procedure after a stated period of operation 
during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took 
place. The procedures used to determine drift will be specific to 
the operating practices of your specific PM CEMS. A drift check 
includes both a zero drift check and an upscale drift check.
    3.5  ``Flagged Data'' means data marked by your CEMS indicating 
that the response value(s) from one or more CEMS subsystems is 
suspect, invalid, or that your PM CEMS is not in source measurement 
operating mode.
    3.6  ``PM CEMS Correlation'' means the site-specific 
relationship (i.e., a regression equation) between the output from 
your PM CEMS (e.g., mA) and the particulate concentration, as 
determined by the RM. The PM CEMS correlation is expressed in the 
units that your PM CEMS measures the PM concentration [(e.g., 
milligrams/actual cubic meter (mg/acm)]. You must derive this 
relation from response data from the PM CEMS and simultaneously 
gathered manual RM data. You must gather these data over the full 
range of source operating conditions and PM concentrations recorded 
during the Correlation Test Planning Period. You must develop the 
correlation by performing the steps presented in sections 12.2 and 
12.3 of PS-11.
    3.7  ``Reference Method Sampling Location'' means the location 
in your source's exhaust duct from which you collect manual 
Reference Method data for developing your PM CEMS correlation and 
for performing relative response audits (RRAs) and relative 
correlation audits (RCAs).
    3.8  ``Reference Standard'' means a reference material or 
procedure that produces a known and unchanging response when 
presented to the pollutant monitor portion of your CEMS. You must 
use these standards to evaluate the overall operation of your PM 
CEMS but not to develop a PM CEMS correlation.
    3.9  ``Response Correlation Audit (RCA)'' means the series of 
tests you conduct to assure the continued validity of your PM CEMS 
correlation.
    3.10  ``Relative Response Audit (RRA)'' means the brief series 
of tests you conduct between the full RCA to assure the continued 
validity of your PM CEMS correlation.
    3.11  ``Sample Volume Audit (SVA)'' means an evaluation of your 
PM CEMS measurement of sample volume if your PM CEMS determines PM 
concentration based on a measure of particulate mass in an extracted 
sample volume and an independent determination of sample volume.
    3.12  ``Sample Volume Check'' means a determination of the 
difference between your PM CEMS sample volume reading and the sample 
volume reference value.
    3.13  ``Upscale Check Value'' means the expected response to a 
reference standard or procedure used to check the upscale response 
of your PM CEMS.
    3.14  ``Upscale Drift (UD) Check'' means a determination of the 
difference between your PM CEMS output reading and the upscale check 
value.
    3.15  ``Zero Check Value'' means the expected response to a 
reference standard or procedure used to check the response of your 
PM CEMS to particulate free or low particulate concentration 
situations.
    3.16  ``Zero Drift (ZD) Check'' means a determination of the 
difference between your CEMS output reading and the zero check 
value.

4.0  Interferences. [Reserved]

5.0  What Do I Need To Know To Ensure the Safety of Persons Using 
Procedure 2?

    People using Procedure 2 may be exposed to hazardous materials, 
operations, and equipment. Procedure 2 does not purport to address 
all of the safety issues associated with its use. It is your 
responsibility to establish appropriate safety and health practices 
and determine the applicable regulatory limitations before 
performing this procedure. You must consult your CEMS users manual 
for specific precautions to be taken with regard to your PM CEMS 
procedures.

6.0  What Equipment and Supplies Do I Need? [Reserved]

7.0  What Reagents and Standards Do I Need?

    You will need reference standards or procedures to perform the 
zero drift check, the upscale drift check, and the sample volume 
check.
    7.1  What is the reference standard value for the zero drift 
check? You must use a zero check value that is no greater than 20 
percent of the PM CEMS's response range. You must obtain 
documentation on the zero check value from your PM CEMS 
manufacturer.
    7.2  What is the reference standard value for the upscale drift 
check? You must use an upscale check value that produces a response 
between 50 and 100 percent of the PM CEMS's response range. For a PM 
CEMS that produces output over a range of 4 mA to 20 mA, the upscale 
check value must produce a response in the range of 12 mA to 20 mA. 
You must obtain documentation on the upscale check value from your 
PM CEMS manufacturer.
    7.3  What is the reference standard value for the sample volume 
check? You must use a reference standard value or procedure that 
produces a sample volume value equivalent to the normal sampling 
rate. You must obtain documentation on the sample volume value from 
your PM CEMS manufacturer.

8.0  What Sample Collection, Preservation, Storage, and Transport Are 
Relevant to This Procedure? [Reserved]

9.0  What Quality Control Measures Are Required by This Procedure for 
My PM CEMS?

    You must develop and implement a QC program for your PM CEMS. 
Your QC program must, at a minimum, include written procedures which 
describe in detail complete, step-by-step procedures and operations 
for the activities in paragraphs (1) through (7).
    (1) Procedures for performing drift checks including both zero 
drift and upscale drift and the sample volume check (see sections 
10.2(1), (2), and (5)).
    (2) Methods for adjustment of PM CEMS based upon response of 
checks.
    (3) Preventative maintenance of PM CEMS (including spare parts 
inventory and sampling probe integrity).
    (4) Data recording, calculations, and reporting.
    (5) Response Correlation Audit and Relative Response Audit 
procedures including sampling and analysis methods, sampling 
strategy, and structuring test conditions over the prescribed range 
of PM concentrations.
    (6) Procedures for performing Absolute Correlation Audits and 
Sample Volume Audits and methods for adjusting your PM CEMS response 
based upon ACA and SVA results.
    (7) Program of corrective action for malfunctioning PM CEMS, 
including flagged data periods.
    9.1  What QA/QC documentation must I have? You are required to 
keep the QA/QC written procedures on record and available for 
inspection by us, the State and or local enforcement agency for the 
life of your CEMS or until you are no longer subject to the 
requirements of this procedure.
    9.2  How do I know if I have acceptable QC procedures for my PM 
CEMS? Your QC procedures are inadequate or your PM CEMS is incapable 
of providing quality data if you fail two consecutive QC audits 
(i.e., out-of-control conditions resulting from the annual audits, 
quarterly audits or daily checks). Therefore, if you fail the same 
two consecutive audits, you must revise your QC procedures or modify 
or replace your PM CEMS to correct the deficiencies causing the 
excessive inaccuracies. (See section 10.4 for limits for excessive 
audit inaccuracy.)

10.0  What Calibration/Correlation and Standardization Procedures Must 
I Perform for My PM CEMS?

    You must generate a site-specific correlation for each of your 
PM CEMS installation(s) relating response from your PM CEMS to 
results from simultaneous PM RM testing. PS-11 defines procedures 
for developing the correlation and defines a series of statistical 
parameters for assessing acceptability of the correlation. However, 
a critical component of your PM CEMS correlation process is assuring 
the accuracy and precision of RM data. The activities listed in 
sections 10.1 through 10.8 assure the quality of the correlation.

[[Page 64205]]

    10.1  When must I use paired trains for Reference Method 
testing? You must use paired train RM testing to generate data used 
to develop your PM CEMS correlation and for RCA testing. Paired 
trains are not required for the RRA testing.
    (1) How should the paired trains be arranged? Such tests should 
consist of sampling the flue gas using collocated probes and nozzle 
tips following the general equipment procedures described in EPA 
Method 301.
    (2) Are other paired probe arrangements acceptable? Yes, you 
must follow the procedures described in paragraphs (i) and (ii).
    (i) If collocation of the probes is not possible or practical, 
use of two single trains inserted through different sample ports at 
the same stack elevation is the preferred best alternative.
    (ii) You can collect simultaneous RM data from different 
sampling locations if neither of the approaches described in (1) or 
2(i) of this section is possible or practical. For this option, you 
must select sampling locations that minimize the potential for 
differences in measured PM concentration.
    (3) How precise must my RM data be? The relative standard 
deviation (RSD) of paired data is the parameter used to quantify 
data precision. Use Equation 2-5 to calculate RSD for two 
simultaneously gathered data points (population relative standard 
deviation). Note that an alternate definition of standard deviation 
may be familiar to you but may not be used. The alternate definition 
is the default definition in many computer software packages. (i) 
The precision criterion for RM PM data is that RSD (as defined in 
Equation 2-5) for any data pair must be such that:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 If the average PM concentration is * *     Then the RSD must be * * *
-------------------*----------------------------------------------------
> 10 mg/dscm...........................   10 percent
 1 mg/dscm.............................   25 percent
Between 1 and 10 mg/dscm...............   the percentage determined from
                                          the following equation:
                                         -(15/9) * mg/dscm + 26.667
                                          (i.e., the linear
                                          interpolation between 25% at 1
                                          mg/dscm and 10% at 10 mg/dscm.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) You must eliminate pairs of manual method data exceeding 
the RSD criterion from the data set used to develop a PM CEMS 
correlation or to assess RCA.
    (4) What other criteria must my RM data meet? The potential 
exists for bias in RM data due to problems with the sampling 
equipment, operator error, or sample recovery. Systematic errors of 
this nature can often be identified by cross plotting results from 
simultaneous dual train tests (i.e., Train A results on x-axis and 
Train B results on y-axis). Ideally, these data will generate a 
straight line correlation, passing through the origin, and with a 
slope of 1.0. To check your data for bias, you must complete the 
process described in section 10.1(4)(i)
    (i) After removing data pairs that fail the precision 
requirements of section 10.1(3), you must perform a regression 
analysis of the data pairs and determine the slope of the straight 
line fit. The slope calculated in the regression analysis must fall 
between 0.93 and 1.07. Calculated slopes exceeding these criteria 
strongly suggest that one (or both) of the manual train data sets 
is/are biased. You may not use biased data in developing your PM 
CEMS correlation or for evaluating RCA. You must identify and 
correct the source of the bias before repeating the manual testing 
program.
    10.2  What routine system checks must I perform on my PM CEMS? 
You must perform routine checks to assure proper operation of system 
electronics and optics, light and radiation sources and detectors, 
electric or electro-mechanical systems, and general stability of the 
system calibration. Necessary components of the routine system 
checks will depend upon design details of your PM CEMS. As a 
minimum, you must verify the system operating parameters listed in 
paragraphs (1) through (5) on a daily basis. Some PM CEMS may 
perform one or more of these functions automatically or as an 
integral portion of unit operations; other PM CEMS may perform one 
or more of these functions manually.
    (1) You must check the zero drift to assure stability of your PM 
CEMS response to the zero check value. You must determine system 
output on the most sensitive measurement range when the PM CEMS is 
challenged with a zero reference standard or procedure. You must, at 
a minimum, adjust your PM CEMS whenever the daily zero drift exceeds 
4 percent.
    (2) You must check the upscale drift to assure stability of your 
PM CEMS response to the upscale check value. You must determine 
system output when the PM CEMS is challenged with a reference 
standard or procedure corresponding to the upscale check value. You 
must, at a minimum, adjust your PM CEMS whenever the daily upscale 
drift check exceeds 4 percent.
    (3) For light scattering and extinction type PM CEMS, you must 
check the system optics to assure that system response has not been 
altered by the condition of optical components such as fogging of 
lens and performance of light monitoring devices. You must carefully 
adhere to the manufacturer's procedures and specifications.
    (4) You must record data from your automatic drift adjusting PM 
CEMS before any adjustment is made. You must program a PM CEMS that 
automatically adjusts its response to the corrected calibration 
values (e.g., microprocessor control) to record the unadjusted 
concentration measured in the drift check before resetting the 
calibration, if performed, or to record the amount of adjustment.
    (5) For extractive type PM CEMS that measures the sample volume 
and uses the measured sample volume as part of calculating the 
output value, you must check the sample volume to verify the sample 
volume measuring equipment. This sample volume check must be done at 
the normal sampling rate of your PM CEMS. You must adjust your PM 
CEMS sample volume measurement whenever the daily sample volume 
check error exceeds 10 percent.
    10.3   What are the auditing requirements for my PM CEMS? You 
must subject your PM CEMS to an ACA and an SVA, as applicable, at 
least once each calender quarter. Successive quarterly audits must 
occur no closer than 2 months. You must conduct a RCA at the 
frequency specified in the applicable regulation or facility 
operating permit. You must conduct an RRA once every four calendar 
quarters. If you schedule an RCA for one of the four calendar 
quarters in the year, the RCA would take the place of the RRA.
    (1) When do I need to run an ACA? You must run an ACA each 
quarter.
    (2) How do I conduct an ACA? You must challenge your PM CEMS 
with an audit standard or an equivalent audit reference to reproduce 
the PM CEMS's measurement at three points within the following 
ranges:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Audit  point                         Audit range
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................................  0 to 20% of measurement range,
2................................  40 to 60% of measurement range, and
3................................  70 to 100% of measurement range.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) You must then challenge your PM CEMS three times at each 
audit point, and use the average of the three responses in 
determining accuracy at each audit point. Use a separate audit 
standard for audit points 1, 2, and 3. Challenge the PM CEMS at each 
audit point for a sufficient period of time to assure that your PM 
CEMS response has stabilized.
    (ii) Operate your PM CEMS in the mode, manner and range 
specified by the manufacturer.
    (iii) Use only audit standards specified and provided by the 
manufacturer. Store, maintain, and use audit standards as specified 
by the manufacturer.
    (iv) Use the difference between the actual known value of the 
audit standard specified by the manufacturer and the response of 
your PM CEMS to assess the accuracy of your PM CEMS.
    (3) When do I need to run a SVA? You must perform an audit of 
the measured sample volume (e.g., the sampling flow rate for a known 
time) once per quarter for applicable PM CEMS with an extractive 
sampling system. Also, you must perform and pass an SVA prior to 
initiation of any of the RM data collection runs for an RCA or RRA.

[[Page 64206]]

    (i) How do I perform the SVA? You must perform the SVA by 
independently measuring the volume of sample gas extracted from the 
stack or duct over each batch cycle or time period with a calibrated 
device. You may make this measurement either at the inlet or outlet 
of your PM CEMS, so long as it measures the sample gas volume 
without including any dilution or recycle air. Compare the measured 
volume with the volume reported by your PM CEMS for the same cycle 
or time period to calculate sample volume accuracy.
    (ii) How many measurements do I make for the SVA? You must make 
measurements during three sampling cycles for batch extractive 
monitors (e.g., Beta-gauge) or during three periods of at least 20 
minutes for continuous extractive PM CEMS.
    (iii) Do I need to take any precautions when doing the SVA? You 
may need to condense, collect and measure moisture from the sample 
gas prior to the calibrated measurement device (e.g., dry gas 
meter), and correct the results for moisture content. In any case, 
the volumes measured by the calibrated device and your PM CEMS must 
be on a consistent temperature, pressure, and moisture basis.
    (4) How often must I conduct an RRA? You must conduct an RRA 
once every four calendar quarters.
    (i) How do I conduct an RRA? You must conduct the RRA by 
collecting three simultaneous RM PM concentration measurements and 
PM CEMS measurements at the as-found source operating conditions and 
PM concentration.
    (ii) Paired trains for the RM sampling are not required but are 
recommended to avoid failing the test due to imprecise and 
inaccurate RM results.
    (5) When do I need to run an RCA? You must conduct an RCA at the 
frequency specified in the applicable regulation or facility 
operating permit.
    (i) How do I conduct an RCA? You must conduct the RCA test 
according to the procedures described in PS-11 section 8.6, except 
that the minimum number of runs required is 12 in the RCA instead of 
15 as specified in PS-11.
    (ii) All 12 data points must lie within the PM CEMS output range 
examined during the PM CEMS correlation tests.
    (6) What other alternative audits can I use? You can use other 
alternative audit procedures as approved by us, the State or local 
agency for the quarters when you would conduct ACAs.
    10.4  What are my limits for excessive audit inaccuracy? Unless 
specified otherwise in the applicable subpart, the criteria for 
excessive inaccuracy are listed in paragraphs (1) through (6).
    (1) What are the criteria for excessive zero or upscale drift? 
Your PM CEMS is out of control if either the zero drift check or 
upscale drift check exceeds 4 percent for five consecutive daily 
periods, or exceeds 8 percent for any one day.
    (2) What are the criteria for excessive sample volume 
measurement error? Your PM CEMS is out of control if sample volume 
check error exceeds 10 percent for five consecutive daily periods, 
or exceeds 20 percent for any one day.
    (3) What are the criteria for excessive absolute correlation 
audit error? Your PM CEMS is out of control if results exceed 
 10 percent of the average audit value or 7.5 percent of 
the applicable standard, whichever is greater.
    (4) What is the criterion for excessive sample volume audit 
error? Your PM CEMS is considered out of control if results exceed 
 5 percent of the average sample volume audit value.
    (5) What is the criterion to pass the relative correlation 
audit? At least 75 percent of a minimum number of 12 sets of PM CEMS 
and RM measurements must fall within a specified area on a graph of 
the correlation regression line. The specified area on the graph of 
the correlation regression line is two lines parallel with the 
correlation regression line, offset at a distance of  25 
percent of the numerical emission limit value from the correlation 
regression line. If your PM CEMS fails to meet this RCA criterion, 
it is considered out of control.
    (6) What is the criterion to pass the relative response audit? 
At least two of the three sets of PM CEMS and RM measurements must 
fall within the same specified area on a graph of the correlation 
regression line as required for the RCA. If your PM CEMS fails to 
meet this RRA criterion, it is considered out of control.
    10.5  What do I do if my PM CEMS is out of control? You must 
take the actions listed in paragraphs (1) and (2) if your PM CEMS is 
out of control.
    (1) You must take necessary corrective action to eliminate the 
problem and perform tests as appropriate to assure that the 
corrective action was successful.
    (i) Following corrective action, you must repeat the previously 
failed audit to confirm that your PM CEMS is operating within the 
specifications.
    (ii) If your PM CEMS failed an RRA, you must take corrective 
action until your PM CEMS passes the RRA criteria. If the RRA 
criteria cannot be achieved, you must perform an RCA.
    (iii) If your PM CEMS failed an RCA, you must follow procedures 
defined in section 10.6.
    (2) You must report both the audit showing your PM CEMS to be 
out of control and the results of the audit following corrective 
action showing your PM CEMS to be operating within specifications.
    10.6  What do I do if my PM CEMS fails an RCA? After an RCA 
failure, you must take all applicable actions listed in paragraphs 
(1) and (2).
    (1) Combine RCA data with data from the active PM CEMS 
correlation and perform the mathematical evaluations defined in PS-
11 for development of a PM CEMS correlation including examination of 
alternate forms of the curve fit (e.g., linear, polynomial, and 
logarithmic fits). If the expanded data base and revised correlation 
meet PS-11 statistical criteria, use the revised correlation.
    (2) If the criteria in paragraph (1) of this section are not 
achieved, you must develop a new PM CEMS correlation based on 
revised data. The revised data set must consist of the test results 
from only the RCA. The new data must meet all requirements of PS-11 
to develop a revised PM CEMS correlation. Your PM CEMS is considered 
to be back in controlled status when the revised correlation meets 
all statistical criteria of PS-11.
    (3) If the actions in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this section do 
not result in an acceptable correlation, you must evaluate the 
cause(s)and comply with the actions listed in paragraphs (i) through 
(iv) within 90 days after the completion of the failed RCA.
    (i) Completely inspect your PM CEMS for mechanical or 
operational problems. If you find a mechanical or operational 
problem, repair your PM CEMS and repeat the RCA.
    (ii) You may need to relocate your PM CEMS to a more appropriate 
measurement location. If you relocate your PM CEMS, you must perform 
a new correlation test according to PS-11 procedures.
    (iii) The characteristics of the PM or gas in your source's flue 
gas stream may have changed such that your PM CEMS measurement 
technology is no longer appropriate. If this is the case, you must 
install a PM CEMS with measurement technology that is appropriate 
for your source's flue gas characteristics. You must perform a new 
correlation test according to PS-11 procedures.
    (iv) If the corrective actions in paragraphs (i) through (iii) 
were not successful, you must petition us, the State or local agency 
for approval of alternative criteria or an alternative for 
continuous PM monitoring.
    10.7  When does the out of control period begin and end? The out 
of control period begins immediately after the last test run or 
check of an unsuccessful RCA, RRA, ACA, SVA, drift check, or sample 
volume check. The out of control period ends immediately after the 
last test run or check of the subsequent successful audit or drift 
check.
    10.8  What happens to my PM CEMS data during out of control 
periods? During the period the PM CEMS is out of control, you may 
not use your PM CEMS data to calculate emission compliance or to 
meet minimum data availability requirements described in the 
applicable regulation.
    10.9  What are the QA/QC reporting requirements for my PM CEMS? 
You must report the accuracy results from section 10 for your PM 
CEMS at the interval specified in the applicable regulation. Report 
the drift and accuracy information as a Data Assessment Report 
(DAR), and include one copy of this DAR for each quarterly audit 
with the report of emissions required under the applicable 
regulation. An example DAR is provided in Procedure 1, Appendix F of 
this Part.
    10.10  What minimum information must I include in my DAR? As a 
minimum, you must include the information listed in paragraphs (1) 
through (5) in the DAR.
    (1) Your name and address.
    (2) Identification and location of monitors in your CEMS.
    (3) Manufacturer and model number of each monitor in your CEMS.
    (4) Assessment of PM CEMS data accuracy/acceptability, and date 
of assessment, as determined by an RCA, RRA, ACA, or SVA described 
in section 10, including the acceptability determination for the RCA 
or RRA, the accuracy for the ACA or SVA, the

[[Page 64207]]

RM results, the audit standards, your PM CEMS responses, and the 
calculation results as defined in section 12. If the accuracy audit 
results show your PM CEMS to be out of control, you must report both 
the audit results showing your PM CEMS to be out of control and the 
results of the audit following corrective action showing your PM 
CEMS to be operating within specifications.
    (5) Summary of all corrective actions you took when you 
determined your PM CEMS to be out of control, as described in 
sections 10.5 and 10.6.
    10.11  Where and how long must I retain the QA data that this 
procedure requires me to record for my PM CEMS? You must keep the 
records required by this procedure for your PM CEMS onsite and 
available for inspection by us, the State and or local enforcement 
agency for a period of 5 years.

11.0  What Analytical Procedures apply to This Procedure?

    Sample collection and analysis are concurrent for this 
procedure. You must refer to the appropriate RM for the specific 
analytical procedures.

12.0  What Calculations and Data Analysis Must I Perform for My PM 
CEMS?

    (1) How do I determine RCA and RRA acceptability? You must plot 
each of your PM CEMS/RM data from the RCA test or the RRA test on a 
figure based on your PM CEMS correlation line to determine if the 
criterion in paragraphs 10.4(5) or (6), respectively, is met.
    (2) How do I calculate ACA Accuracy? You must use Equation 2-1 
to calculate results from the ACA tests for each of the three audit 
points.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.080

Where:

ACA Accuracy = The ACA accuracy at each audit point, in percent,
RCEM = Your PM CEMS response to the reference standard, 
and
RV = The reference standard value.

    (3) How do I calculate daily upscale and zero drift? You must 
calculate the upscale drift (UD) according to Equation 2-2 and the 
zero drift (ZD) according to Equation 2-3.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.081

Where:

UD = The upscale drift of your PM CEMS, in percent,
RCEM = Your PM CEMS response to the upscale check value, 
and
RV = The upscale check value.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.082

Where:

ZD = The zero (low level) drift of your PM CEMS, in percent,
RCEM = Your PM CEMS response of the zero check value,
RL = The zero check value, and
RV = The upscale check value.

    (4) How do I calculate SVA Accuracy? You must use Equation 2-4 
to calculate accuracy, in percent, for each of the three SVA tests 
or the daily sample volume check:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.083

Where:

VM = Sample gas volume determined/reported by your PM 
CEMS (e.g., dscm) and
VR = Sample gas volume measured by the independent 
calibrated reference device (e.g., dscm) for the SVA or the 
reference value for the daily sample volume check.

    Note: You must calculate/correct the volume values above to the 
same basis of temperature, pressure and moisture contents. You must 
document all data and calculations.

    (5) How do I calculate relative standard deviation (RSD)? You 
must use Equation 2-5 to calculate the RSD for two simultaneously 
gathered data points (population relative standard deviation).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12DE01.084

Where:

Ca and Cb = Concentration values, mg/dscm, 
determined from trains A and B, respectively.

13.0  Method Performance. [Reserved]

14.0  Pollution Prevention. [Reserved]

15.0  Waste Management. [Reserved]

16.0  Which References Are Relevant to This Method? [Reserved]

17.0  What Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data Are 
Relevant to This Method?  [Reserved]

[FR Doc. 01-30367 Filed 12-11-01; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P