[Federal Register Volume 66, Number 227 (Monday, November 26, 2001)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 58953-58964]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 01-55530]



[[Page 58953]]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 92


Control of Air Pollution From Locomotives and Locomotive Engines

CFR Correction

    In Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 87 to 99, 
revised as of July 1, 2001, part 92 is corrected in Sec. 92.120 by 
revising equations (1) and (2) in paragraph (c)(2)(v), in Sec. 92.121 
by revising paragraphs (b)(2)(vi), (b)(2)(ix), (b)(2)(xi)(A), and 
(b)(4)(iv), and by revising Sec. 92.132 to read as follows:


Sec. 92.120  NDIR analyzer calibration and checks.

* * * * *
    (c)* * *
    (2)* * *
    (v)* * *

 y = Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E   (1)
 y = x/(Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E)  (2)

where:

 y = concentration.
 x = chart deflection.

* * * * *


Sec. 92.121  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration and check.

* * * * *
    (b)* * *
    (2)* * *
    (vi) Turn on the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
supply and adjust the O2 (or air) flow rate so that the NO 
indicated by the analyzer is about 10 percent less than indicated in 
step in paragraph (b)(2)(v) of this section. Record the concentration 
of NO in this NO + O2 mixture.
* * * * *
    (ix) Switch off the NOX generation, but maintain gas 
flow through the system. The oxides of nitrogen analyzer will indicate 
the total NOX in the NO + O2 mixture. Record this 
value.
* * * * *
    (xi)* * *
    (A) Percent Efficiency=(1 + (a - b)/(c - d))(100)

where:

a=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(viii) of this section.
b=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(ix) of this section.
c=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(vi) of this section.
d=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(vii) of this section.

* * * * *
    (4)* * *
    (iv) Calculate the concentration of the converter checking gas 
using the results from step in paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section 
and the converter efficiency from paragraph (b)(2) of this section as 
follows:

Concentration=(((X-Y)(100))/Efficiency) + Y

* * * * *


Sec. 92.132  Calculations.

    (a) Duty-cycle emissions. This section describes the calculation of 
duty-cycle emissions, in terms of grams per brake horsepower hour (g/
bhp-hr). The calculation involves the weighted summing of the product 
of the throttle notch mass emission rates and dividing by the weighted 
sum of the brake horsepower. The final reported duty-cycle emission 
test results are calculated as follows:
    (1)(i) Eidc=((Mij)(Fj))/
((BHPj)(Fj))

Where:

Eidc=Duty-cycle weighted, brake-specific mass emission 
rate of pollutant i (i.e., HC, CO, NOX or PM and, if 
appropriate, THCE or NMHC) in grams per brake horsepower-hour;
Mij=the mass emission rate pollutant i for mode j;
Fj=the applicable weighting factor listed in Table B132-1 
for mode j;
BHPj=the measured brake horsepower for mode j.

    (ii) Table B132-1 follows:

                         Table B132-1--Weighting Factors for Calculating Emission Rates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Locomotive not equipped  Locomotive equipped with
                                                                 with multiple idle       multiple idle notches
             Throttle notch setting               Test mode            notches         -------------------------
                                                             --------------------------
                                                               Line-haul      Switch     Line-haul      Switch
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Idle.......................................           1a           NA           NA        0.190        0.299
Normal Idle....................................            1        0.380        0.598        0.190        0.299
Dynamic Brake..................................            2        0.125        0.000        0.125        0.000
Notch 1........................................            3        0.065        0.124        0.065        0.124
Notch 2........................................            4        0.065        0.123        0.065        0.123
Notch 3........................................            5        0.052        0.058        0.052        0.058
Notch 4........................................            6        0.044        0.036        0.044        0.036
Notch 5........................................            7        0.038        0.036        0.038        0.036
Notch 6........................................            8        0.039        0.015        0.039        0.015
Notch 7........................................            9        0.030        0.002        0.030        0.002
Notch 8........................................           10        0.162        0.008        0.162        0.008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Example: For the line-haul cycle, for locomotives equipped with 
normal and low idle, and with dynamic brake, the brake-specific 
emission rate for HC would be calculated as:

EHCdc=[(MHCla) (0.190) + (MHC1) 
(0.190) + (MHC2) (0.125) + (MHC3) (0.065) + 
(MHC4) (0.065) + (MHC5) (0.052) + 
(MHC6) (0.044) + (MHC7) (0.038) + 
(MHC8) (0.039) + (MHC9) (0.030) + 
(MHC10) (0.162)]/[(BHP1a) (0.190) + 
(BHP1) (0.190) + (BHP2) (0.125) + 
(BHP3) (0.065) + (BHP4) (0.065) + 
(BHP5) (0.052) + (BHP6) (0.044) + 
(BHP7) (0.038) + (BHP8) (0.039) + 
(BHP9) (0.030) + (BHP10) (0.162)]

    (3) In each mode, brake horsepower output is the power that the 
engine delivers as output (normally at the flywheel), as defined in 
Sec. 92.2.
    (i) For locomotive testing (or engine testing using a locomotive 
alternator/generator instead of a dynamometer), brake horsepower is 
calculated as:

BHP=HPout/Aeff + HPacc

Where:

HPout=Measured horsepower output of the alternator/
generator.
Aeff=Efficiency of the alternator/generator.
HPacc=Accessory horsepower.

    (ii) For engine dynamometer testing, brake horsepower is determined 
from the engine speed and torque.
    (4) For locomotive equipped with features that shut the engine off 
after prolonged periods of idle, the measured mass emission rate 
Mi1 (and Mi1a as applicable) shall be multiplied 
by a factor equal to one minus the estimated fraction reduction in 
idling time that will result in use from the shutdown feature. 
Application of this adjustment

[[Page 58954]]

is subject to the Administrator's approval.
    (b) Throttle notch emissions. This paragraph (b) describes the 
calculation of throttle notch emissions for all operating modes, 
including: idle (normal and low, as applicable); dynamic brake; and 
traction power points. The throttle notch (operating mode) emission 
test results, final reported values and values used in paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section are calculated as follows:
    (1) Brake specific emissions (Eij) in grams per brake 
horsepower-hour of each species i (i.e., HC, CO, NOX or PM 
and, if appropriate, THCE or NMHC) for each mode j:
    (i) EHC mode=HC grams/BHP-hr=MHC mode/
Measured BHP in mode.

Where:

MHC mode=Mass HC emissions (grams per hour) for each test 
mode.

    (ii) ETHCE mode=THCE grams/BHP-hr=MTHCE mode/
Measured BHP in mode.

Where:

MTHCE mode (Total hydrocarbon equivalent mass emissions 
(grams per hour) for each test mode):
=MHCj +  (Mij) (MWCp)/
MWCi
Mij=the mass emission rate oxygenated pollutant i for 
mode j.
MWCi=the molecular weight of pollutant i divided by the 
number of carbon atoms per molecule of pollutant i.
MWCp=the molecular weight of a typical petroleum fuel 
component divided by the number of carbon atoms per molecule of a 
typical petroleum fuel component=13.8756.

    (iii) ENMHC mode=NMHC grams/BHP-
hr=MNMHC mode/Measured BHP in mode.

Where:

MNMHC mode=Mass NMHC emissions (grams per hour) for each 
test mode.

    (iv) ECO mode=CO grams/BHP-hr=MCO mode/
Measured BHP in mode.

Where:

MCO mode=Mass CO emissions (grams per hour) for each test 
mode.

    (v) ENOx mode=NOX grams/BHP-
hr=MNOx mode/Measured BHP in mode.

Where:

MNOx mode=Mass NOX emissions (grams per hour) 
for each test mode.

    (vi) EPM mode=PM grams/BHP-hr=MPM mode/
Measured BHP in mode.

Where:

MPM mode=Mass PM emissions (grams per hour) for each test 
mode.

    (vii) EAL mode=Aldehydes grams/BHP-
hr=MAL mode/Measured BHP in mode.
    (vii) EAL mode=Aldehydes grams/BHP-
hr=MAL mode/Measured BHP in mode.

Where:

MAL mode=Total aldehyde mass emissions (grams per hour) 
for each test mode.

    (2) Mass Emissions--Raw exhaust measurements. For raw exhaust 
measurements mass emissions (grams per hour) of each species for each 
mode:
    (i) General equations. (A) The mass emission rate, 
MX mode (g/hr), of each pollutant (HC, NOX, 
CO2, CO, CH4 CH3OH, 
CH3CH2OH, CH2O, 
CH3CH2O) for each operating mode for raw 
measurements is determined based on one of the following equations:

MX mode=(DX/106)(DVol)(MWX/
Vm)
MX mode=(WX/106)(WVol)(MWX/
Vm)

Where:

X designates the pollutant (e.g., HC), DX is the concentration of 
pollutant X (ppm or ppmC) on a dry basis, MWX is the 
molecular weight of the pollutant (g/mol), DVol is the total exhaust 
flow rate (ft3/hr) on a dry basis, WX is the 
concentration of pollutant X (ppm or ppmC) on a wet basis, WVol is 
the total exhaust flow rate (ft3/hr) on a wet basis, 
Vm is the volume of one mole of gas at standard 
temperature and pressure (ft3/mol).

    (B) All measured volumes and volumetric flow rates must be 
corrected to standard temperature and pressure prior to calculations.
    (ii) The following abbreviations and equations apply to this 
paragraph (b)(2):

=Atomic hydrogen/carbon ratio of the fuel.
=Atomic oxygen/carbon ratio of the fuel.
CMWf=Molecular weight of the fuel per carbon atom, or 
carbon molecular weight (g/moleC)=(12.011 + 1.008 + 
16.000).
DCO=CO concentration in exhaust, ppm (dry).
DCO2=CO2 concentration in exhaust, percent 
(dry).
DHC=HC carbon concentration in exhaust, ppm C (dry).
DNOX=NOX concentration in exhaust, in ppm (dry).
DVol=Total exhaust flow rate (ft3/hr) on a dry basis; or
  =(Vm)(Wf)/((CMWf) (DHC/
106 + DCO/106 + DCO2/100)).
K=Water gas equilibrium constant=3.5.
Kw=Wet to dry correction factor.
MF=Mass flow-rate of fuel used in the engine in lb/
hr=Wf/453.59.
MWC=Atomic weight of carbon=12.011.
MWCO=Molecular weight of CO=28.011.
MWH=Atomic weight of hydrogen=1.008.
MWNO2=Molecular weight of nitrogen dioxide 
(NO2)=46.008.
MWO=Molecular weight of atomic oxygen=16.000.
T=Temperature of inlet air (  deg.F).
Vm=Volume of one mole of gas at standard temperature and 
pressure (ft3/mole).
Wf=Mass flow-rate of fuel used in the engine, in grams/
hr=(453.59) x (Mf lbs/hr).
WCO2=CO2 concentration in exhaust, percent 
(wet).
WHC=HC concentration in exhaust, ppm C (wet).
WVol=Total exhaust flow rate (ft3/hr) on a wet basis; or
  =(Vm)(Wf)/((CMWf)(WHC/
106 + WCO/106 WCO2/100)).

    (iii) Calculation of individual pollutant masses. Calculations for 
mass emission are shown here in multiple forms. One set of equations is 
used when sample is analyzed dry (equations where the concentrations 
are expressed as DX), and the other set is used when the sample is 
analyzed wet (equations where the concentrations are expressed as WX). 
When samples are analyzed for some constituents dry and for some 
constituents wet, the wet concentrations must be converted to dry 
concentrations, and the equations for dry concentrations used. Also, 
the equations for HC, NMHC, CO, and NOX have multiple forms 
that are algebraically equivalent: An explicit form that requires 
intermediate calculation of Vm and DVol or WVol; and an 
implicit form that uses only the concentrations (e.g., DCO) and the 
mass flow rate of the fuel. For these calculations, either form may be 
used.
    (A) Hydrocarbons and nonmethane hydrocarbons.
    (1) Hydrocarbons. (i) For petroleum-fueled engines:

MHC mode
      =(DHC)CMWf(DVol)(106)/Vm
      =((DHC/106)(Wf)/((DCO/106) + 
(DCO2/100) + (DHC/106) + (DX/
106)))
MHC mode
    =(WHC)CMWf(WVol)(106)/Vm
    =((WHC/106)(Wf)/((WCO/106) + 
(WCO2/100) + (WHC/106) + ((WX/
106)))

    (ii) For alcohol-fueled engines:

DHC=FID HC - (rx)(DX)
WHC=FID HC - (rx)(WX)

Where:

FID HC=Concentration of ``hydrocarbon'' plus other organics such as 
methanol in exhaust as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
rx=FID response to oxygenated species x (methanol, 
ethanol, or acetaldehyde).
DX=Concentration of oxygenated species x (methanol, ethanol, or 
acetaldehyde) in exhaust as determined from the dry exhaust sample, 
ppm carbon (e.g., DCH3OH, 2(DCH3CH2OH)).
WX=Concentration of oxygenated species x (methanol, ethanol, or 
acetaldehyde) in exhaust as determined from the wet exhaust sample, 
ppm carbon.
DX=The sum of concentrations DX for all oxygenated species.
WX=The sum of concentrations WX for all oxygenated species.

    (2) Nonmethane hydrocarbons:

MNMHC mode=(DNMHC)CMWf(DVol) (106)/
Vm
=((DNMHC/106)(Wf)/((DCO/106) + 
(DCO2/100) + (DHC/106)))
MNMHC mode=(WNMHC)CMWf(WVol) (106)/
Vm

[[Page 58955]]

=((WNMHC/106)(Wf)/((WCO/106) + 
(WCO2/100) + (WHC/106)))

Where:

DNMHC=FID HC - (rCH4)(DCH4)
WNMHC=FID HC - (rCH4)(WCH4)
FID HC=Concentration of ``hydrocarbon'' plus other organics such as 
methane in exhaust as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
rCH4=FID response to methane.
DCH4=Concentration of methane in exhaust as determined from the dry 
exhaust sample, ppm.
WCH4=Concentration of methane in exhaust as determined from the wet 
exhaust sample, ppm.

    (B) Carbon monoxide:

MCO mode=(DCO)MWCO(DVol)/106/
Vm
=((MWCO(DCO/106)(Wf)/
((CMWf)(DCO/106) + (DCO2/100) + DHC/
106) + (DX/106)))
MCO mode=(WCO)MWCO(DVol)(106)/
Vm
 + ((MWCO(WCO/106)(Wf)/
((CMWf)(WCO/106) + (WCO2/100) + WHC/
106) + (WX/106)))

    (C) Oxides of nitrogen:

MNOx mode=(DNOX)MWNO2(DVol)(106)/
Vm
=((MWNO2(DNOX/106)(Wf)/
((CMWf)(DCO/106) + (DCO2/100) + (DHC/
106) + (DX/106)))
MNOx mode=(WNOX)MWNO2(DVol)(106)/
Vm
=((MWNO2(WNOX/106)(Wf)/
((CMWf)(WCO/106) + (WCO2/100) + (WHC/
106) + (WX/106)))

    (D) Methanol:

MCH3OH mode=(DCH3OH/106)32.042(DVol)/
Vm
MCH3OH mode=(WCH3OH/106)32.042(WVol)/
Vm

Where:

DCH3OH=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1
) + (C2 x AV2)]/DVolMS.
WCH3OH=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1
) + (C2 x AV2)]/WVolMS.
Ci=concentration of methanol in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
mol/ml.
AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
ml.
DVolMS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through methanol impingers (dry).
WVolMS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through methanol impingers (wet).

    (E) Ethanol:

MCH3CH2OH mode=(DCH3CH2OH/106)23.035(DVol)/
Vm
MCH3CH2OH mode = (WCH3CH2OH/106)23.035(WVol)/
Vm

Where:

DCH3CH2OH=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1
)
       + (C2 x AV2)]/DVolES.
WCH3CH2OH=(Vm)(106) 
[(C1 x AV1) + 
(C2 x AV2)]/WVolES.
Ci=concentration of ethanol in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
mol/ml.
AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
ml.
DVolES=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through ethanol impingers (dry).
WVolES=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through ethanol impingers (wet).

    (F) Formaldehyde:

MCH2O mode=(DCH2O/106)30.026(DVol)/Vm
MCH2O mode=(WCH2O/106)30.026(WVol)/Vm

    (1) If aldehydes are measured using impingers:

DCH2O=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1) 
+ (C2 x AV2)]/DVolFS
WCH2O=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1) 
+ (C2 x AV2)]/WVolFS

    (2) If aldehydes are measured using cartridges:

DCH2O=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
DVolFS

WCH2O=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
WVolFS

    (3) The following definitions apply to this paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii)(F):

AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
ml.
AVR=Volume of absorbing reagent use to rinse the 
cartridge in ml.
Ci=concentration of formaldehyde in impinger i (1 or 2) 
in mol/ml.
CR=concentration of formaldehyde in solvent rinse in mol/
ml.
DVolFS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through formaldehyde sampling system (dry).
WVolFS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through formaldehyde sampling system (wet).

    (G) Acetaldehyde:

MCH3CHO mode=(DCH3CHO/106)27.027(DVol)/
Vm
MCH3CHO mode=(WCH3CHO/106)27.027(WVol)/
Vm

    (1) If aldehydes are measured using impingers:

DCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1)
 + (C2 x  AV2)]/DVolAS

WCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1)
 + C2 x  AV2)]/WVolAS
    (2) If aldehydes are measured using cartridges:

DCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
DVolAS
WCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
WVolAS

    (3) The following definitions apply to this paragraph 
(b)(2)(iii)(G):

AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
ml.
AVR=Volume of absorbing reagent use to rinse the 
cartridge in ml.
Ci=concentration of acetaldehyde in impinger i (1 or 2) 
in mol/ml.
CR=concentration of acetaldehyde in solvent rinse in mol/
ml.
DVolAS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through acetaldehyde sampling system (dry).
WVolAS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
drawn through acetaldehyde sampling system (wet).

    (iv) Conversion of wet concentrations to dry concentrations. Wet 
concentrations are converted to dry concentrations using the following 
equation:

DX=KW WX

Where:

WX is the concentration of species X on a wet basis.
DX is the concentration of species X on a dry basis.
KW is a conversion factor=WVol/DVol=1 + DH2O.

    (A) Iterative calculation of conversion factor. The conversion 
factor KW is calculated from the fractional volume of water 
in the exhaust on a dry basis (DH2O=volume of water in exhaust/dry 
volume of exhaust). Precise calculation of the conversion factor 
KW must be done by iteration, since it requires the dry 
concentration of HC, but HC emissions are measured wet.
    (1) The conversion factor is calculated by first assuming DHC=WHC 
to calculate DVol:

DVol=(Vm)(Wf)/((CMWf)(DHC/
106 + DCO/106 + DCO2/100))

    (2) This estimate is then used in the following equations to 
calculate DVolair, then DH2O, then KW, which 
allows DHC to be determined more accurately from WHC:

[[Page 58956]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26NO01.009


Where:

Y=Water volume concentration in intake air, volume fraction (dry).
DVolair=Air intake flow rate (ft3/hr) on a dry 
basis, measured, or calculated as:

[[Page 58957]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26NO01.010


    (3) The calculations are repeated using this estimate of DHC. If 
the new estimate for KW is not within one percent of the 
previous estimate, the iteration is repeated until the difference in 
KW between iterations is less than one percent.
    (B) Alternate calculation of DH2O (approximation). The following 
approximation may be used for DH2O instead of the calculation in 
paragraph (b)(2)(iv)(A) of this section:

[[Page 58958]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26NO01.011


Where:


[[Page 58959]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26NO01.012


Y=Water volume concentration in intake air, volume fraction (dry).

    (3) Mass Emissions--Dilute exhaust measurements. For dilute exhaust 
measurements mass emissions (grams per hour) of each species for each 
mode:
    (i) General equations. The mass emission rate, Mx mode 
(g/hr) of each pollutant (HC, NOX, CO2, CO, CH4 CH3OH, 
CH3CH2OH, CH2O, CH3CH2O) for each operating mode for bag measurements 
and diesel continuously heated sampling system measurements is 
determined from the following equation:

Mx mode=(Vmix)(Densityx)(Xconc
)/(Vf)

Where:

x designates the pollutant (e.g., HC), Vmix is the total 
diluted exhaust volumetric flow rate (ft3/hr), 
Densityx is the specified density of the pollutant in the 
gas phase (g/ft3), Xconc is the fractional 
concentration of pollutant x (i.e., ppm/106, ppmC/
106, or %/100), and Vf is the fraction of the 
raw exhaust that is diluted for analysis.

    (ii) The following abbreviations and equations apply to paragraphs 
(b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iii)(J) of this section:
    (A) DF=Dilution factor, which is the volumetric ratio of the 
dilution air to the raw exhaust sample for total dilution, calculated 
as:

[[Page 58960]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26NO01.013


Where:

WCO2=Carbon dioxide concentration of the raw exhaust sample, in 
percent (wet).
WCO2e=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
sample, in percent (wet).
WCO2d=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution air, 
in percent (wet).

    (B) Vmix=Diluted exhaust volumetric flow rate in cubic 
feet per hour corrected to standard conditions (528 deg.R, and 760 mm 
Hg).
    (C) Vf=Fraction of the total raw exhaust that is diluted 
for analysis.

=((CO2conc/102) + (COconc/
106) + (HCconc/
106))(Vmix)(CMWf)/Vm/
Mf

    (iii) Calculation of individual pollutants.
    (A) MHC mode=Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams per hour by 
mode, are calculated using the following equations:

MHC mode=(Vmix)(DensityHC)(HCconc
/106)/Vf
HCconc=HCe - (HCd)(1 - (1/DF))
HCe=FID HCe - 
(rx)(Xe)

Where:


[[Page 58961]]


DensityHC=Density of hydrocarbons=16.42 g/ft3 
(0.5800 kg/m3) for #l petroleum diesel fuel, 16.27 g/
ft3 (0.5746 kg/m3) for #2 diesel, and 16.33 g/
ft3 (0.5767 kg/m3) for other fuels, assuming 
an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.93 for #1 petroleum 
diesel fuel, 1:1.80 for #2 petroleum diesel fuel, and 1:1.85 for 
hydrocarbons in other fuels at standard conditions.
HCconc=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust 
sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent (i.e., 
equivalent propane x 3).
HCe=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust bag 
sample, or for diesel continuous heated sampling systems, average 
hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust sample as determined 
from the integrated HC traces, in ppm carbon equivalent. For 
petroleum-fueled engines, HCe is the FID measurement. For 
methanol-fueled and ethanol-fueled engines:
FID HCe=Concentration of hydrocarbon plus methanol, 
ethanol and acetaldehyde in dilute exhaust as measured by the FID, 
ppm carbon equivalent.
rx=FID response to oxygenated species x (methanol, 
ethanol or acetaldehyde).
Xe=Concentration of species x (methanol, ethanol or 
acetaldehyde) in dilute exhaust as determined from the dilute 
exhaust sample, ppm carbon.
HCd=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilution air as 
measured, in ppm carbon equivalent.

    (B) MNOx mode = Oxides of nitrogen emissions, in grams 
per hour by mode, are calculated using the following equations:

MNOx mode=(Vmix) (DensityNO2) 
(NOxconc/10 \6\) /Vf
NOxconc=(NOxe - NOxd(1 - (1/DF)))

Where:

DensityNO2=Density of oxides of nitrogen is 54.16 g/ft\3\ 
(1.913 kg/m\3\), assuming they are in the form of nitrogen dioxide, 
at standard conditions.
NOxconc=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm.
NOxe=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute 
exhaust bag sample as measured, in ppm.
NOxd=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilution air 
as measured, in ppm.

    (C) MCO2 mode=Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams per 
hour by mode, are calculated using the following equations:

MCO2 mode=(Vmix) (Density CO2) 
(CO2conc/10\2\) /Vf

CO2conc=CO2e - CO2d(1 - (1/DF))

Where:

Density CO2=Density of carbon dioxide is 51.81 g/ft\3\ 
(1.830 kg/m\3\), at standard conditions.
CO2conc=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, in percent.
CO2e=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
bag sample, in percent.
CO2d=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution air as 
measured, in percent.

    (D)(1) MCO mode=Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams per 
hour by mode, are calculated using the following equations:

MCO mode=(Vmix)(DensityCO)(COconc
/10\6\)/Vf

COconc=COe - COd(1 - (1/DF))

COd=(1 - 0.000323R)COdm

Where:

DensityCO=Density of carbon monoxide is 32.97 g/ft\3\ 
(1.164 kg/m\3\), at standard conditions.
COconc=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
exhaust sample corrected for background, water vapor, and 
CO2 extraction, ppm.
COe=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
sample volume corrected for water vapor and carbon dioxide 
extraction, in ppm.
COe=(1 - (0.01 + 0.005/)CO2e - 
0.000323RH)COem, where  is the hydrogen to 
carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used.
COem=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
sample as measured, in ppm.
RH = Relative humidity of the dilution air, percent.
COd=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution air 
corrected for water vapor extraction, in ppm.
COdm=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution air 
sample as measured, in ppm.

    (2) If a CO instrument which meets the criteria specified in 
Sec. 86.1311 of this chapter is used and the conditioning column has 
been deleted, COem must be substituted directly for 
COe, and COdm must be substituted directly for 
COd.
    (E) MCH4 mode=Methane emissions corrected for 
background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
following equations:

MCH4 mode=(Vmix) (DensityCH4) 
(CH4conc/10\6\) /Vf
CH4conc=CCH4e - CCH4d(1 - (1/DF))

Where:

DensityCH4=Density of methane is 18.89 g/ft\3\ at 68 
deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) pressure.
CH4conc=Methane concentration of the dilute exhaust 
corrected for background, in ppm.
CCH4e=Methane concentration in the dilute exhaust, in 
ppm.
CCH4d=Methane concentration in the dilution air, in ppm.

    (F) MCH3OH mode=Methanol emissions corrected for 
background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
following equations:

MCH3OH mode=(Vmix)(DensityCH3OH) 
(CH3OHconc/10\6\)/Vf
CH3OHconc=CCH3OHe - CCH3OHd(1 - (1/
DF))
CCH3OHe=((3.817)(10- 2)(TEM) 
(((CS1)(AVS1)) + (CS2) 
(AVS2)))/((PB)(VEM))
CCH3OHd=((3.817)(10-2)(TDM)(((CD1
) (AVD1)) + (CD2) (AVD2)))/
((PB)(VDM))

Where:

DensityCH3OH=Density of methanol is 37.71 g/ft\3\ (1.332 
kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) 
pressure.
CH3OHconc=Methanol concentration of the dilute exhaust 
corrected for background, in ppm.
CCH3OHe=Methanol concentration in the dilute exhaust, in 
ppm.
CCH3OHd=Methanol concentration in the dilution air, in 
ppm.
TEM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust,  deg.R.
TDM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
dilution air,  deg.R.
PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
VEM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust, ft \3\.
VDM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilution 
air, ft \3\.
CS=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilute 
exhaust, g/ml.
CD=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilution 
air, g/ml.
AVS=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
impinger through which methanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, 
ml.
AVD=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
impinger through which methanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
ml.
    1=first impinger.
    2=second impinger.

    (G) MC2H5OH mode=Ethanol emissions corrected for 
background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
following equations:

MCH3CH2OH mode=(Vmix)(DensityCH3CH2OH) 
((CH3CH2OHconc/10 \6\))/Vf
CH3CH2OHconc=CCH3CH2OHe - 
CCH3CH2OHd(1 - (1/DF))
CCH3CH2OHd=((2.654)(10- 2)(TDM)(((CD1
)(AVD1)) + (CD2)(AVD2)))/
((PB)(VDM))
CCH3CH2OHe=((2.654)(10- 
2)(TEM)(((CS1)(AVS1)) + 
(CS2)(AVS2)))/((PB)(VEM))

Where:

DensityC2H5OH=Density of ethanol is 54.23 g/ft \3\ (1.915 
kg/m \3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) 
pressure.
CH3CH2OHconc=Ethanol concentration 
of the dilute exhaust corrected for background, in ppm.
CCH3CH2OHe=Ethanol concentration in the dilute exhaust, 
in ppm.
CCH3CH2OHd=Ethanol concentration in the dilution air, in 
ppm.
TEM= Temperature of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust,  deg.R.
TDM=Temperature of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilution 
air,  deg.R.
PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
VEM=Volume of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust, ft \3\.
VDM=Volume of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilution air, 
ft \3\.
CS=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilute 
exhaust, g/ml.
CD=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilution 
air, g/ml.

[[Page 58962]]

AVS= Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
impinger through which ethanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, 
ml.
AVD=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
impinger through which ethanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
ml.
    1=first impinger.
    2=second impinger.

    (H) MCH2O mode=Formaldehyde emissions corrected for 
background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
following equations:

MCH2O mode=(Vmix)(DensityCH2O) 
((CH2Oconc/10 \6\)/Vf
CH2Oconc=CCH2Oe - CCH2Od(1 - (1/DF))
CCH2Oe=((4.069)(10-2)(CFDE)(VAE
) (Q)(TEF))/((VSE)(PB)
CCH2Od=((4.069)(10- 2)(CFDA)(VAA
)(Q)(TDF))/(VSA)(PB)

Where:

DensityCH2O=Density of formaldehyde is 35.36 g/ft \3\ 
(1.249 kg/m \3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa) 
pressure.
CH2Oconc=Formaldehyde concentration of the dilute exhaust 
corrected for background, ppm.
CCH2Oe=Formaldehyde concentration in dilute exhaust, ppm.
CCH2Od=Formaldehyde concentration in dilution air, ppm.
    CFDE=Concentration of DNPH derivative of formaldehyde 
from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
    VAE=Volume of sampling solution for dilute exhaust 
formaldehyde sample, ml.
    Q = Ratio of molecular weights of formaldehyde to its DNPH 
derivative = 0.1429.
    TEF=Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    VSE=Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust, ft3.
    PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    CFDA=Concentration of DNPH derivative of formaldehyde 
from dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
    VAA=Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
formaldehyde sample, ml.
    TDF=Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilution air,  deg.R.
    VSA=Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilution air, ft3.

    (I) MCH3CHO mode=Acetaldehyde emissions corrected for 
background, in grams per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
following equations:

MCH3CHO mode= 
(Vmix)(DensityCH3CHO)((CH3CHOconc
/106)/Vf
CH3CHOconc=CCH3CHOe - CCH3CHOd(1--(1/
DF))
CCH3CHOe=((2.774)(10- 2) 
(CADE)(VAE)(Q)(TEF))/
((VSE)(PB)
CCH3CHOd=((2.774)(10- 2) 
(CADA)(VAA)(Q)(TDF))/
(VSA)(PB)

Where:

Density CH3CHO=Density of acetaldehyde is 51.88 g/
ft3 (1.833 kg/m3), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) 
and 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
CH3CHOconc=Acetaldehyde concentration of the dilute 
exhaust corrected for background, ppm.
CCH3CHOe=Acetaldehyde concentration in dilute exhaust, 
ppm.
CCH3CHOd=Acetaldehyde concentration in dilution air, ppm.
CADE=Concentration of DNPH derivative of acetaldehyde 
from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
VAE=Volume of sampling solution for dilute exhaust 
acetaldehyde sample, ml.
Q=Ratio of molecular weights of acetaldehyde to its DNPH derivative
=0.182
TEF=Temperature of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
VSE=Volume of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from dilute 
exhaust, ft3.
PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
CADAConcentration of DNPH derivative of acetaldehyde from 
dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
VAA=Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
acetaldehyde sample, ml.
TDF=Temperature of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
dilution air,  deg.R.
VSA=Volume of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from dilution 
air, ft3.

    (J) MNMHC mode=Nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions, in 
grams per hour by mode.

MNMHC mode=(Vmix)(DensityNMHC) 
((NMHCEconc/106))/Vf
NMHCconc=NMHCe--(NMHCd)(1 - (1/DF))
NMHCe=FID HCe - (rm)(CCH4e)
NMHCd=FID HCd - (rm)(CCH4d)

Where:

DensityNMHC=Density of nonmethane hydrocarbons=16.42 g/
ft3 (0.5800 kg/m3) for # 1 petroleum diesel 
fuel, 16.27 g/ft3 (0.5746 kg/m3) for #2 
diesel, and 16.33 for other fuels, assuming an average carbon to 
hydrogen ratio of 1:1.93 for #1 petroleum diesel fuel, 1:1.80 for #2 
petroleum diesel fuel, and 1:1.85 for nonmethane hydrocarbons in 
other fuels at standard conditions.
NMHCconc=Nonmethane hydrocarbon concentration of the 
dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon 
equivalent (i.e., equivalent propane  x  3).
NMHCe=Nonmethane hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
exhaust bag sample:
FID HCe=Concentration of hydrocarbons in dilute exhaust 
as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
rm=FID response to methane.
CCH4e=Concentration of methane in dilute exhaust as 
determined from the dilute exhaust sample.
NMHCd=Nonmethane hydrocarbon concentration of the 
dilution air:
FID HCd=Concentration of hydrocarbons in dilute exhaust 
as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
rm=FID response to methane.
CCH4d=Concentration of methane in dilute exhaust as 
determined from the dilute exhaust sample, ppm.

    (4) Particulate exhaust emissions. The mass of particulate for a 
test mode determined from the following equations when a heat exchanger 
is used (i.e., no flow compensation), and when background filters are 
used to correct for background particulate levels:

MPM mode=Particulate emissions, grams per hour by mode.
MPM mode=(WVol)(PMconc)(1 + 
DF)=(Vmix)(PMconc)/Vf
PMconc=PMe - PMd(1 - (1/DF))
PMe=MPMe/Vsampe/10 \3\
PMd=MPMd/Vsampd/10 \3\

Where:

PMconc=Particulate concentration of the diluted exhaust 
sample corrected for background, in g/ft \3\
MPMe=Measured mass of particulate for the exhaust sample, 
in mg, which is the difference in filter mass before and after the 
test.
MPMd=Measured mass of particulate for the dilution air 
sample, in mg, which is the difference in filter mass before and 
after the test.
Vsampe=Total wet volume of sample removed from the 
dilution tunnel for the exhaust particulate measurement, cubic feet 
at standard conditions.
Vsampd=Total wet volume of sample removed from the 
dilution tunnel for the dilution air particulate measurement, cubic 
feet at standard conditions.
DF=Dilution factor, which is the volumetric ratio of the dilution 
air to the raw exhaust sample, calculated as:

[[Page 58963]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26NO01.014

    (c) Humidity calculations. (1) The following abbreviations (and 
units) apply to paragraph (b) of this section:

BARO=barometric pressure (Pa).
H=specific humidity, (g H2O/g of dry air).
KH=conversion factor=0.6220 g H2O/g dry air.
Mair=Molecular weight of air=28.9645.
MH2O=Molecular weight of water=18.01534.
PDB=Saturation vapor pressure of water at the dry bulb 
temperature (Pa).
PDP=Saturation vapor pressure of water at the dewpoint 
temperature (Pa).
Pv=Partial pressure of water vapor (Pa).
PWB=Saturation vapor pressure of water at the wet bulb 
temperature (Pa).
TDB=Dry bulb temperature (Kelvin).
TWB=Wet bulb temperature (Kelvin).
Y=Water-vapor volume concentration.


[[Page 58964]]


    (2) The specific humidity on a dry basis of the intake air (H) is 
defined as:

H=((KH) (Pv)/(BARO - Pv))

    (3) The partial pressure of water vapor may be determined using a 
dew point device. In that case:

Pv=PDP

    (4) The percent of relative humidity (RH) is defined as:

RH=(Pv/PDB)100

    (5) The water-vapor volume concentration on a dry basis of the 
engine intake air (Y) is defined as:

Y=((H)(Mair)/(MH2O)=Pv/(BARO - 
Pv)

    (d) NOX correction factor. (1) NOX emission 
rates (MNOx mode) shall be adjusted to account for the 
effects of humidity and temperature by multiplying each emission rate 
by KNOx, which is calculated from the following equations:

KNOx=(K)(1 + (0.25(logK)2)1/2)
K=(KH)(KT)
KH=[C1 + C2(exp(( - 0.0143)(10.714))]/
[C1 + C2(exp(( - 0.0143)(1000H))]
C1= - 8.7 + 164.5exp( - 0.0218(A/F)wet)
C2=130.7 + 3941exp( - 0.0248(A/F)wet)

Where:

(A/F)wet=Mass of moist air intake divided by mass of fuel 
intake.
KT=1/[1-0.017(T30-TA)] for tests 
conducted at ambient temperatures below 30  deg.C.
KT=1.00 for tests conducted at ambient temperatures at or 
above 30  deg.C.
T30=The measured intake manifold air temperature in the 
locomotive when operated at 30  deg.C (or 100  deg.C, where intake 
manifold air temperature is not available).
TA=The measured intake manifold air temperature in the 
locomotive as tested (or the ambient temperature (  deg.C), where 
intake manifold air temperature is not available).

    (e) Other calculations. Calculations other than those specified in 
this section may be used with the advance approval of the 
Administrator.

[FR Doc. 01-55530 Filed 11-23-01; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 1505-01-D