[Federal Register Volume 65, Number 195 (Friday, October 6, 2000)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 60000-60057]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 00-17120]



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Part IV





Department of Energy





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Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy



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10 CFR Parts 434 and 435



Energy Code for New Federal Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise 
Residential Buildings; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules 
and Regulations  

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

10 CFR Parts 434 and 435

[Docket No. EE-RM-79-112-C]

RIN 1904-AA69


Energy Code for New Federal Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise 
Residential Buildings

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, DOE.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Department of Energy today issues a rule that establishes 
building energy efficiency standards for new Federal commercial and 
multi-family high rise residential buildings pursuant to the 
requirements of the Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA). The 
final rule revises the current interim Federal standards to conform 
generally with the format of the current voluntary building energy 
codes. The final rule contains substantive changes from the interim 
rule in the areas of lighting, mechanical ventilation, motors, building 
envelopes, fenestration rating test procedures, and test procedures for 
heating and cooling equipment.

DATES: Effective Date: This regulation is effective October 8, 2001. 
The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in this 
rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of October 
8, 2001.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:   

Ronald B. Majette, Office of Codes and Standards, EE-43, U.S. 
Department of Energy, Room 1J-018, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., 
Washington, DC 20585-0121, Tel: 202-586-0517
Francine B. Pinto, Office of General Counsel, GC-72, U.S. Department of 
Energy, Room 6E-042, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 
20585-0103, Tel: 202-586-7432


SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:   

I. Introduction
    A. Authority
    B. Background
    C. Description of the Final Rule
II. Discussion of Comments and Changes to the Proposed Rule
    A. General Comments
    1. Incorporation by reference
    2. Metric Units of Measurement
    B. Section-by-Section Comments
    1. Compliance, Subpart A, Section 102
    2. Default Values for Unlabeled Fenestration Products, Subpart 
D, Section 402
    3. Solar Heat Gain and Shading Coefficients, Subpart D, Section 
201 and 402
    4. Interior Lighting Power Allowances, Subpart D, Section 401
    5. Task Lighting Footnote, Subpart D, Section 401
    6. Ventilation Requirements for Enclosed Parking Garages, 
Subpart D, Section 403
    7. Thermal Efficiency Requirements for Furnaces and Boilers, 
Subpart D, Section 403
    8. Integrated Part Load Values for Cooling Equipment Efficiency, 
Subpart D, Section 403
    9. Two-Tiered Code, Subpart D, Section 403
    10. Equipment Absorption Cooling Requirements, Subpart D, 
Section 403
    11. Heat Pump Supplementary Heat Operation, Subpart D, Section 
403
    12. Combined Water and Space Heating, Subpart D, Section 404
    13. Lavatory Water Temperature, Subpart D, Section 404
    14. Shower Heads and Lavatory Faucets, Subpart D, Section 404
    15. Equipment for Prototype or Reference Buildings, Subpart E, 
Section 518
    16. Determination of Energy Cost Budget(ECB), Subpart E, Section 
501
    17. Conversion Factors for Electricity, Subpart F, Section 601, 
602
    C. Other Changes
III. Consultation
IV. Energy Impacts
V. Technological Feasibility and Economic Justification
VI. Measures Concerning Radon and Other Indoor Air Pollutants
VII. Procedural Determinations
    A. Review Under Executive Order 13132, Federalism
    B. Review Under Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform''
    C. Review Under Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and 
Review''
    D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980
    E. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act
    F. Paperwork Reduction Act Review
    G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
    H. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration 
Act of 1974
    I. ``Takings'' Assessment Review
    J. Congressional Notification
    K. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

I. Introduction

A. Authority

    Section 305(a)(1) of the Energy Conservation and Production Act, as 
amended (ECPA), 42 U.S.C. 6834(a)(1), requires the Department of Energy 
(``Department or ``DOE'') to establish by rule energy standards for new 
Federal buildings. In developing this final rule, the Department is 
directed to consult with other Federal agencies as well as private and 
State associations and other appropriate persons.
    Section 305(a)(1) requires that the rule contain energy efficiency 
measures that are technologically feasible and economically justified. 
Since ECPA establishes that the new standards meet, at a minimum, the 
requirements of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE)/Illuminating Engineering Society 
of North America (IESNA) Standard 90.1-1989 (hereinafter Standard 90.1-
1989) (Section 305(a)(2)(A), the Department is not required to 
establish the technological feasibility and economic justification for 
these minimum statutorily prescribed requirements (otherwise referred 
to as the ``statutory baseline''). The Department is interpreting this 
minimum requirement to include those addenda to Standard 90.1-1989 
which were in effect at the time the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), 
which amended ECPA, was enacted. Since these addenda were part of 
Standard 90.1-1989 at the time EPACT was enacted, they are part of the 
baseline against which the final rule is compared for the purposes of 
assessing its energy and economic impacts.
    Section 305(a)(2)(A) requires that the rule contain energy saving 
and renewable energy specifications that meet or exceed the energy 
saving and renewable energy specifications of Standard 90.1-1989 for 
commercial buildings and of the Model Energy Code (MEC), 1992, for 
residential buildings. MEC 1992 exempts multi-family high-rise 
residential buildings (over three stories in height above ground) which 
comply with Standard 90.1-1989. As a result, Standard 90.1-1989 is the 
applicable standard under section 305 of ECPA for high-rise residential 
buildings. The final rule complies with section 305(a)(2)(A).
    The rule issued today is required to become effective no later than 
one year after it is issued. (Section 305(a)(1)). The effective date is 
October 8, 2001.
    Section 305(a)(2)(B) requires that to the extent practicable, the 
new Federal building energy standards use the same format as the 
appropriate voluntary building energy code. The final rule revises the 
current interim Federal standards to conform generally with the format 
and language of the codified version of Standard 90.1-1989. The addenda 
to Standard 90.1-1989 included in the final rule are also generally 
incorporated in their codified form.
    Section 305(a)(2)(C) further requires that the final rule be 
established in consultation with the Environmental

[[Page 60001]]

Protection Agency (EPA) and other Federal agencies and, where 
appropriate, contain measures with regard to radon and other indoor air 
pollutants.
    Section 305(c) states that the standards issued in the final rule 
be reviewed and, if appropriate, updated at not less than five year 
intervals.
    Section 306 addresses Federal compliance. Section 306(a) provides 
that each Federal agency must adopt procedures to assure that new 
Federal buildings will meet or exceed the Federal building energy 
standards established by this rule. Section 306(b) bars the head of a 
Federal agency from expending Federal funds for the construction of a 
new Federal Building unless the building meets or exceeds the 
appropriate Federal building energy standards established under section 
305. Under section 306, Federal agencies shall adopt procedures 
necessary to assure that new Federal buildings meet or exceed the 
Federal standard. For instance, a Federal agency might adopt a 
procedure allowing the use of local building codes that meet or exceed 
the Federal building standard in lieu of the Federal code. Or, if 
desired, the agency might adopt code inspection procedures to assure 
compliance with the Federal standard.

B. Background

    On January 30, 1989, the Department issued an interim standard (10 
CFR part 435, subpart A) establishing energy conservation voluntary 
performance standards for the design of new commercial and multi-family 
high rise residential buildings; these standards are mandatory for 
Federal buildings. The Department's interim standards and Standard 
90.1-1989 were developed in conjunction with one another and contain 
similar energy efficiency provisions. ASHRAE and IESNA are professional 
engineering societies which have undertaken the responsibility of 
sponsoring a voluntary industry consensus standard for the design of 
energy efficient commercial and multi-family high rise residential 
buildings.
    The Department's interim standard and Standard 90.1-1989 followed a 
parallel development track. ASHRAE/IESNA provided technical expertise 
that ensured the practicality of the interim standards and Standard 
90.1-1989. The Department contributed technical expertise and research 
results in the development of these two standards.
    The Department, in 1993 requested ASHRAE to assist the Department 
in producing a version of Standard 90.1-1989 and its addenda in code 
format. This joint effort was undertaken to assist States in responding 
to section 304(b) of ECPA and to assist the Department in establishing 
Federal building energy efficiency standards. The resulting code, 
published by ASHRAE/IESNA in November 1993 is entitled ``Energy Code 
for Commercial and High-Rise Residential Buildings'' (hereinafter, the 
codified version). This code has been approved by the Council of 
American Building Officials (CABO) as the basis for its requirements 
for non-residential buildings in the MEC and some of the regional model 
codes.
    ASHRAE/IESNA periodically modifies the current edition of their 
standard through an addenda process. ASHRAE/IESNA has approved several 
addenda to Standard 90.1-1989 since it was published in 1989. The 
addenda applicable to this rule are: Addenda b, c, d, e, f, g, and i.
    ASHRAE/IESNA is currently working to produce a new standard that 
will replace ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1. The Department is also working 
to produce a new standard that is more stringent than the parameters of 
today's final rule. It is targeted to be 30 percent more energy 
efficient overall than the results of the 1985 Economic Assessment for 
the current interim standard, published in 10 CFR part 435, or 20-30 
percent more efficient than today's final rule. The Department's 
decision to promulgate today's final rule is based on a need for 
Federal buildings to be in full compliance with EPACT requirements and 
to adopt all applicable addenda from Standard 90.1-1989 that improve 
energy efficiency. Federal construction will benefit in energy savings 
from the updated standards while the Department continues its work on a 
new standard that is more stringent than today's final rule. In 
developing a new standard, the Department will consider the updated 
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 as well as other improvements that may be 
economically justified and technologically feasible.
    On August 6, 1996, the Department published a notice of proposed 
rulemaking in the Federal Register, ``Energy Code for New Federal 
Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings,'' 61 FR 
40882, to establish building energy efficiency standards for new 
Federal commercial and multi-family high rise residential buildings 
pursuant to the requirements of ECPA, as amended. On September 4, 1996, 
a public hearing was held in Washington, DC, at which time two 
commenters made oral presentations. The comment period closed November 
4, 1996. Fourteen commenters submitted a total of 50 written comments 
during the public comment period.

C. Description of the Final Rule

    The standards issued today specify a minimum level of energy 
efficiency for new Federal commercial and high-rise residential 
buildings based on Standard 90.1-1989. The final rule contains 
substantive changes from the interim standard in the areas of lighting, 
mechanical ventilation, motors, building envelopes, fenestration rating 
procedures, and heating and cooling equipment test procedures. It 
includes those addenda which were in effect at the time EPACT was 
enacted (Addendum 90.1b revising service water heating criteria and 
updating miscellaneous references to other standards, Addendum 90.1d 
addressing lighting controls, and Addendum 90.1e updating ventilation 
requirements).
    The final rule also adopts a format that generally conforms to the 
format of the codified version of Standard 90.1-1989, providing 
provisions to the final rule that are similar to those being adopted by 
State and local jurisdictions. It does not address the design of 
residential single family or multi-family low rise buildings, currently 
addressed by subpart C of 10 CFR part 435. Such buildings will be 
addressed in a separate rulemaking.
    The current interim standards for Federal commercial and multi-
family high-rise residential buildings are found in subpart A of 10 CFR 
part 435. For clarity and ease of use, the Department is replacing 
subparts A and B of part 435 with the new 10 CFR part 434, containing 
the building energy efficiency requirements for new Federal commercial 
and multi-family high-rise residential buildings.
    The final rule also includes several other addenda adopted by 
ASHRAE and IESNA after EPACT was enacted. These include Addenda g, i, 
and c, addressing building envelopes, heating and cooling equipment 
test procedures, motor efficiency, and procedures for calculating 
fenestration ratings, respectively.
    The lighting standards in the final rule differ from both the 
interim standards and Standard 90.1-1989. Overall, the updated lighting 
provisions are more stringent than Standard 90.1-1989 and reflect new 
information concerning energy requirements needed to achieve adequate 
lighting levels.
    The final rule provides minimum energy efficiency levels to be 
required in each new Federal commercial and high-rise residential 
building. The individual specifications for lighting, heating, 
ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC)

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equipment, envelope, and other aspects of buildings found in subpart D 
of the final rule determine the minimum level of energy efficiency 
required for a particular building. This ``prescriptive path'' provides 
a simple means of ensuring that design specifications meet the 
compliance requirements of the final rule.
    Flexibility is also a key feature of the final rule. While some of 
the specific design requirements of subpart D apply in all cases, this 
final rule provides for flexibility in many other areas if building 
designers can show that the overall building energy use or energy cost 
compares favorably to the baseline energy use or energy cost based on 
Subparts E or F of the final rule. Tradeoffs among lighting systems and 
among building shell components can be made using the Department's 
version of the Envelope Standard (ENVSTD) software. Building-wide 
trade-offs among energy efficient features, including features not 
explicitly addressed in Subpart D, such as passive and active renewable 
energy source features, can be made as well. Subpart E allows building-
wide flexibility as long as the net result equals or is below an energy 
cost budget based on the prescriptive path. Subpart F allows these 
trade-offs to be made if predicted total building energy use is at or 
below the level expected using the ``prescriptive path'' for a 
reference building. These alternative paths are especially valuable as 
a means for building designers to take advantage of the energy savings 
potential of new technologies.
    ASHRAE and IESNA have published Standard 90.1-1989 in a code format 
that is generally consistent with the standard itself. The Department 
has based its rule on the format of the codified version of Standard 
90.1-1989, published by ASHRAE and IESNA in 1993, and has adopted 
verbatim significant portions of it.
    The codified version is widely used by State and local code making 
bodies as they update their codes. The designers and builders of 
Federal buildings, who also design and construct State and private 
sector buildings, will be familiar with the provisions of the codified 
version, their importance, and how to meet them. Therefore, the 
consistency of the format of the final rule with industry-wide 
practices facilitates implementation by Federal agencies of the final 
rule.

II. Discussion of Comments and Changes to the Proposed Rule

    This section responds to significant comments and explains other 
changes to the proposed rule.

A. General Comments

(1) Incorporation By Reference
    The Department proposed to include the entire Federal code in a new 
10 CFR part 434, instead of incorporating provisions of Standard 90.1-
1989 by reference. DOE invited comments as to whether Standard 90.1-
1989, including appropriate addenda, should be incorporated by 
reference instead of publishing the rule in its entirety. One commenter 
(Society of Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI), No. 6; 1) stated that it 
supported publishing the rule in its entirety so that all relevant 
requirements, including addenda, are together in one document. It 
stated that this would make the final rule more user-friendly. One 
commenter suggested that the Standard 90.1-1989 be incorporated by 
reference with appropriate addenda, and that the Department publish 
only the differences between the Standard 90.1-1989 and the final rule. 
Federal Interagency Energy Management Task Force (hereinafter New Space 
Working Group), (New Space Working Group, No. 14; 1).
    The Department has concluded that there are a number of important 
substantive technical and administrative differences between Standard 
90.1-1989 and the final rule which need to be included in one document 
for simplicity, ease, and availability. Administratively, these range 
from the scope of buildings and spaces covered (a number of Federal 
building types and space categories would not be covered if Standard 
90.1-1989 were adopted by reference), to the terminology used in 
defining the relationship between owners, designers and code officials, 
as opposed to agencies and their design contractors. The differences 
range from significantly more stringent lighting criteria to the 
incorporation of metric units. It would be cumbersome and inefficient 
to require agencies to pull disparate elements from several sources and 
integrate them for use.
    The Department believes that since 10 CFR part 434 is a code 
strictly for Federal commercial and high rise residential buildings, 
the entire code must be readily available to Federal managers who must 
comply with this code while designing and constructing new Federal 
facilities.
    Publishing the document in its entirety will allow the complete 
code to be found in one location, in a unified form for easy access.
(2) Metric Units of Measurement
    The proposed rule is stated only in English units of measurement. 
One commenter stated that the rule should reference metric as well as 
English units. (New Space Working Group, No. 14; 3)
    The Department agrees with this comment. Executive Order 12770, 
``Metric Usage in Federal Government Programs,'' 56 FR 35801 (July 25, 
1991), directs executive branch departments and agencies of the United 
States Government to take all appropriate measures to implement the 
metric system of measurement as the preferred system of weights and 
measures for United States trade and commerce. Therefore, in order to 
take a first step towards implementing this Executive Order, DOE has 
provided a soft metric conversion for the applicable tables throughout 
the final rule in order to increase understanding of the metric system 
and to support and encourage its use. The Department is also 
participating in the metric conversion of calculations, algorithms, 
formulas, and tables for the proposed revisions to the updated Standard 
90.1-1989. All tables have not yet been converted, but the 90.1 
Committee is working to reach consensus on a hard metric conversion for 
the entire updated Standard 90.1-1989. When this is complete, the 
Department will consider proposing inclusion in the Federal Code.

B. Section-by-Section Comments

(1) Compliance, Subpart A, Section 102
    The Department received public comment on the application of 
Section 434.102 , ``Compliance,'' to certain subparts within the rule. 
Section 434.102, requires that when the alternative requirements of 
subparts E and F are used to design and construct buildings, such 
designs shall be certified by a registered architect or engineer. This 
requirement does not apply to subpart D. One commenter stated that 
there should be a provision requiring certification by a registered 
architect or engineer for buildings that are designed and constructed 
to meet the prescriptive specifications of subpart D (New Space Working 
Group, No. 14; 3). This certification requirement is included in 
subparts E and F, and in equivalent parts of Standard 90.1-1989, and 
the subsequent codified version of the standard, because these latter 
subparts require a comparative energy analysis of the proposed design 
to a prototype or

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reference building. DOE believes that such an analysis requires the 
services of a registered architect or engineer. To the contrary, 
subpart D requires no such analysis. Subpart D is composed of a set of 
prescriptive and component performance requirements, most of which are 
straight forward. Such designs can be readily checked by a code 
inspector or, by the responsible facility manager.
    The Department continues to believe that it is inappropriate to 
establish a blanket requirement for certification by an architect or 
engineer for all buildings utilizing the prescriptive requirements of 
subpart D. In most cases, compliance can be readily determined without 
this certification. ECPA Section 306(a) explicitly directs the head of 
each Federal agency to adopt procedures necessary to assure that their 
buildings meet or exceed the rule adopted today. The Department 
recommends that agencies consider establishing a procedure for 
certification by a registered architect or engineer in those cases 
where compliance with subpart D cannot be readily established.
(2) Default Values for Unlabeled Fenestration Products, Subpart D, 
Section 402
    One commenter requested that this rule follow the lead of the MEC 
and fully and explicitly incorporate all of the standard National 
Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) procedures. The commenter provided 
suggested text that would replace sections 402.1.1.1 and 402.1.2.4, 
requiring that U-values, Solar Heat Gain Coefficients (SHGC) and 
Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) would be determined in accordance 
with the applicable NFRC procedures by independent labs, and be 
certified and labeled by manufacturers. (Anderson Windows, No. 5; 1-2) 
This suggested change would include eliminating the use of shading 
coefficients, as well as adding to the testing and certification 
procedures required by the proposed rule.
    At present, the explicit use of NFRC procedures is permissible only 
for those fenestration products that are designed, constructed, and 
tested in a quality controlled environment such as a manufacturing 
plant and/or warehouse. In commercial construction, fenestration units 
and skylights that are site-built because of size, weight, and 
transporting difficulties (i.e. mall atriums), are not covered by NFRC 
procedures and cannot be certified or properly labeled under these 
guidelines. The NFRC test procedures are specifically for off-the-shelf 
fenestration products, and do not appropriately cover site-built 
products.
    Because site-built fenestration units can represent a significant 
portion of the window and skylight requirements for new Federal 
commercial buildings, the Department has retained the language of 
sections 402.1.1.1 and 402.1.2.4 in the final rule. The Department is 
working with the NFRC to develop guidelines that will adequately cover 
all fenestration products that are site-built as well as pre-
manufactured.
(3) Solar Heat Gain and Shading Coefficients, Subpart D, Section 201 
and 402
    In the proposed rule, the Department uses Shading Coefficient (SC) 
in the Alternate Component Package Tables (ACP). Two commenters 
suggested that the Department adopt the alternative Solar Heat Gain 
Coefficient in place of the SC because it provides a more accurate 
representation of the passive solar heat gain properties of 
fenestration products, than do SC values. (Anderson Windows, No. 5; 1; 
Pella Corporation, No. 3; 1).
    The Department agrees that the SHGC is a more accurate measure of 
solar heat gain and, therefore, encourages its use. The SHGC is the 
proportion of solar radiation striking a unit of glazing or 
fenestration (such as a window) that enters the space through the unit. 
This heat gain represents both the heat gain transmitted directly into 
the space and that absorbed by the unit and re-emitted, reradiated, 
conducted, or convected into the space. The solar heat gain coefficient 
may be measured with the radiation striking the unit normal 
(perpendicular) to it or striking it at an angle (general at 40, 50, 60 
or 70 degrees).
    In contrast, the SC is a calculated (not tested) multiplier that 
was created to adjust the solar heat gain values for clear glass (which 
has well characterized properties) to a value for tinted glass. It 
works well for single pane and tinted glass with heat and light 
transmittance paths the same as those of single pane clear glass. 
However, it has been found to give incorrect results in two significant 
cases: (1) when the path along which heat and light are transmitted 
through the actual glazing differs substantially from that of the 
referenced glazing (as for multi-pane glazing when solar radiance 
strikes it at above 60 degrees); and (2) when the solar gain is 
primarily (more than 60 percent) due to absorption and the wind speed 
is not close to the speed at which the SC was determined (7.5 mph). 
These limitations can seriously affect the accuracy of calculated 
building peak heat loads. The SC can overpredict the solar heat gain 
through a window at a given hour by as much as 35 percent.
    The Department will continue to allow the use of SC values because 
they are still being used in simplified energy analysis programs and by 
some window and glazing manufacturers as the fenestration industry 
converts to SHGC values. However, SHGC values have been added to all 
applicable tables in this final rule. Furthermore, the definition of SC 
has been modified for accuracy and a definition of SHGC has been added 
to section 201, ``Definitions'' of the final rule. The references to 
NFRC-100-91, which contains manufacturer spectral data, and NFRC-200, 
which establishes the equations and procedures for using this data to 
calculate SHGC's, have been added to the reference standard section of 
this final rule.
(4) Interior Lighting Power Allowances Subpart D, Section 401
    One commenter took the position that the particular values in the 
proposed rule for the interior lighting power allowances for whole-
building categories are not stringent enough and that all of the 
lighting values should be reconsidered or reassessed. No specific 
recommended lighting values were provided. (New Space Working Group, 
No. 14; 2).
    As noted in the preamble to the proposed rule, the Unit Power 
Density (UPD) values (W per ft \2\) included in the rule are based on a 
detailed analysis of the technical and economic performance of the 1993 
UPD values found in the interim rule. These 1993 values are 
substantively more efficient than the values in Standard 90.1-1989. The 
Department found that in 25 space types, the Standard 90.1-1989 UPD 
value is the most appropriate one for this rule. For 40 space types, a 
value at or below the 1993 interim UPD value was found to be 
economically justified and technologically feasible, and these more 
energy efficient values are included in today's final rule. In the 
remaining space types, the UPD value incorporated in today's rule falls 
between the 1989 and 1993 values, or there was no difference in the two 
values.
    Therefore, in every case the lighting provisions in this rule meets 
or exceeds the energy efficiency of the provisions contained in 
Standard 90.1-1989. These provisions reflect the results of the 
demonstration phase of the 1993 interim lighting numbers. These values 
reflect a goal of progressive energy-conserving practice without 
prohibiting the design of quality lighting in interior environments. 
Details of this analysis

[[Page 60004]]

are found in the Technical Support Document (TSD).
    The Department is aware that lighting technologies and design 
strategies are evolving rapidly. As the technical and economic 
justification for new UPD values are established, the Department will 
further update the code provisions for Federal buildings concerning 
lighting requirements. In addition, the Department through its Federal 
Energy Management Program is promoting highly efficient lighting design 
strategies for Federal buildings.
(5) Task Lighting Footnote, Subpart D, Section 401
    One commenter recommended adding a footnote to one of the Building 
Space Activities entitled ``Offices'', in Table 401.3.2a. It was 
suggested that this footnote state ``include task lighting.'' (New 
Space Working Group, No 14; 2). No further elabortation was offered by 
this commenter.
    Task lighting is not included in the calculation of interior 
lighting power allowances for office space. Task lighting is generally 
brought to the building after construction is completed. It is plugged 
into wall and floor outlets and is usually not hard wired into the 
buildings electrical system. It is regularly changed without code 
approval or the assistance of an electrician. It is, therefore, almost 
impossible to regulate through buildings codes. The Department, 
therefore, will not add a footnote concerning task lighting to the 
final rule.
(6) Ventilation Requirements for Enclosed Parking Garages, Subpart D, 
Section 403
    Section 403.2.4.2 entitled ``Ventilation Controls for Enclosed 
Parking Garages,'' requires automatic control of fans that stage or 
modulate air volume as required to maintain carbon monoxide at or below 
the levels suggested in ASHRAE 62-1989. One commenter suggests that in 
addition to carbon monoxide control requirements, there should also be 
a requirement for automatic ventilation controls for nitrogen dioxide 
levels that exceed 5 parts per million where diesel-powered vehicles 
will be operated, parked and/or serviced in a building. (Virginia 
Electric and Power Co. (Vepco), No. 10; 1-2, 4). The commenter's 
proposed threshold exposure level is the same as the Occupational 
Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) regulatory standard 
codified at 29 CFR 1910.1000, subpart Z. Subpart Z sets forth the OSHA 
Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs). Table Z-1 contains limits for air 
contaminants, including nitrogen dioxide.
    The OSHA Standard (29 CFR 1910.1000, subpart Z) is the applicable 
regulation for nitrogen dioxide exposure limits, and implicitly 
ventilation must be designed so that the exposure of nitrogen dioxide 
is no greater than 5 parts per million. If exposure levels of nitrogen 
dioxide exceed this permissible exposure limit, the OSHA standard, 29 
CFR 1910.1000 (e) requires the employer to reduce exposures preferably 
using engineering controls (ventilation measures).
    The commenter did not recommend particular ventilation controls or 
provide a basis for DOE prescribing such controls. Moreover, this 
subject was not discussed in DOE's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. At 
this time, the Department has no basis to establish a requirement for 
nitrogen dioxide ventilation controls.
(7) Thermal Efficiency Requirements for Furnaces and Boilers, Subpart 
D, Section 403
    Three commenters submitted remarks pertaining to the inclusion in 
Tables 403.1e, 403.1f and 404.1 of minimum efficiency requirements for 
furnaces and boilers operating at minimum capacity (Gas Appliance 
Manufacturers Association (GAMA), No. 8; 1-2; American Gas Association 
(AGA), No. 4; 4-5; Columbia Gas, No. 9; 3). One commenter objects to 
DOE's inclusion in this rule of minimum efficiency requirements for 
furnaces and boilers operating at minimum capacity and believes that 
the requirements in this rule should be identical to the standards for 
these products contained in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act 
(EPCA), as amended by EPACT. The commenter takes this position based on 
general language in the Preamble to the proposed rule that ``the 
provisions of today's proposed rule (based on the codified version of 
Standard 90.1) would be similar to those being adopted by State and 
local jurisdictions and widely used in the private sector.'' (61 FR 
40883, August 6, 1996) The commenter argues that ``if DOE wants the 
Proposed Rule to be consistent with, or serve as a model for, updated 
State building codes, DOE should remember that State and local building 
codes must abide by the Federal preemption provisions of NAECA and 
EPACT.'' (GAMA, No. 8; 1-2) It argues that States cannot adopt 
requirements for the operation of furnaces and boilers at minimum 
capacity and, therefore, if consistency is a goal, the Federal 
Government should delete these minimum capacity requirements from its 
rule.
    In addition, two other commenters took the position that DOE must 
review the minimum efficiency requirements in Tables 403.1e, 403.1f and 
404 to assess whether or not they are cost effective, rather than rely 
upon their inclusion in ASHRAE 90.1-1989 as the basis for incorporation 
in the present rule. (AGA, No. 4; 4-5; Columbia Gas, No. 9; 3)
    Concerning another subject, unit heaters and duct furnaces, both 
non-EPACT covered products, one commenter stated that the Department 
should delete the minimum capacity efficiency requirements from the 
proposed rule for this equipment because the requirements may 
discourage manufacturers from offering products that have more 
potential energy savings, such as products with modulating controls or 
two-stage operation. (GAMA, No. 8; 2)
    The legislative requirements for this rule are contained in section 
305 of ECPA, as amended, which clearly states that the rule for energy 
efficiency standards for new Federal buildings must meet or exceed 
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989. Section 305 of ECPA does not state that 
Federal building standards can be no more energy efficient than the 
provisions of section 342 of EPCA, or any other Federal minimum energy 
requirement. Nor does section 305 mention that the Federal requirements 
should be similar or identical to State and local building codes. 
Section 305 simply establishes that the new standards meet, at a 
minimum, the requirements of Standard 90.1-1989, thus establishing 
ASHRAE 90.1-1989 as the statutory baseline or minimum standard level. 
ASHRAE 90.1-1989 contains both minimum and maximum operating capacity 
efficiencies for furnaces and boilers. The minimum and maximum 
operating capacity efficiencies in this rule are identical to those 
found in Standard 90.1-1989. Accordingly, this rule meets the 
legislative requirements.
    The Department's discussion in the Preamble concerning consistency 
between the proposed rule and industry-wide practices addressed 
generally the format and provisions of the proposed rule. It 
acknowledges that, in general, consistency with industry-wide practices 
would facilitate implementation by Federal agencies of the final rule. 
Consequently, the Department is adopting ``verbatim significant 
portions'' of the codified version of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 and the 
format of the codified version. (61 FR 40884, August 6, 1996) The 
Department's statements, however, do

[[Page 60005]]

not lead to the conclusion that the Department intends that Federal 
standards be identical in every respect to requirements adopted by the 
States or those used in the private sector.
    As previously noted, this commenter suggests that the Department 
should adopt the same minimum efficiency standards for specified 
categories of furnaces and boilers with respect to their energy use at 
maximum rated capacity as provided for in section 342 of EPCA, as 
amended by section 122 of EPACT, ``Energy Conservation Requirements for 
Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment.'' These latter 
requirements specifically apply to manufacturers of such equipment. 
While the minimum efficiency requirements in section 342 restrict the 
types of equipment available in the market place, they do not purport 
to limit the ability of the Federal Government to establish additional 
requirements for equipment purchased for new Federal buildings. 
Furthermore, because the requirements of this final rule are for newly 
constructed Federal commercial and high-rise residential buildings 
only, they do not affect or alter the requirements of section 342 of 
EPCA pertaining to the manufacture of certain furnaces and boilers.
    The Department also believes that the adoption of efficiency 
requirements for minimum operating capacities in today's rule 
represents sound policy. This rule addresses the purchase of equipment 
by Federal agencies, and takes into account the expected applications 
of this equipment in Federal facilities. Due to variations in weather, 
occupancy, and comfort requirements, these types of equipment are not 
generally operated at maximum capacity in Federal facilities. By 
establishing minimum performance requirements at both minimum and 
maximum operating capacity, this rule takes into account the full range 
of operating conditions expected in Federal facilities. These minimum 
efficiency levels at minimum capacity promote energy savings and cut 
operating costs for Federal agencies. The Federal Government has the 
responsibility to procure equipment that best serves its requirements, 
while minimizing the cost to taxpayers. The inclusion of minimum 
efficiency requirements for furnaces and boilers operating at minimum 
capacity in this rule serves that purpose.
    Moreover, the Department has considered and rejected the two above-
referenced comments that request DOE to establish the cost-
effectiveness of the minimum efficiency requirements in Tables 403.1e, 
403.1f, and 404, instead of relying on their inclusion in Standard 
90.1-1989 as the basis for incorporation in the final rule. The 
Department has determined that a cost analysis is unnecessary in light 
of the fact that the above-referenced requirements included in this 
rule are identical to the statutory baseline, ASHRAE 90.1-1989, thus 
meeting the minimum required by statute.
    Therefore, the Department will retain the minimum efficiency 
requirements of sections 403 and 404 in their entirety in the final 
rule. The requirements in sections 403 and 404 meet the legislative 
requirements of section 305 of ECPA, as amended. Moreover, section 342 
of EPCA, as amended, does not curtail the legislative mandate of 
section 305.
    Lastly, the Department has considered and rejected the request that 
it delete the minimum capacity efficiency requirements for unit heaters 
and duct furnaces, as suggested by one commenter. The requirements the 
Department has adopted for this equipment are identical to those in 
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989. As discussed previously, section 305 of 
ECPA, as amended, establishes ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 as the 
statutory baseline or minimum standard level. Therefore, by adopting 
these requirements, the rule meets the legislative requirements. 
Moreover, the commenter did not provide any explanation or information 
that would cause the Department to be concerned that adopting these 
requirements would impact the availability of more efficient equipment, 
such as products with modulating controls and two-stage operation 
mentioned by the commenter. As a matter of fact, this type of equipment 
is already generally available. Accordingly, the Department will retain 
the minimum capacity efficiency requirements for unit heaters and duct 
furnaces.
(8) Integrated Part-Load Values for Cooling Equipment Efficiency, 
Subpart D, Section 403
    One commenter argues that the Department cannot use Integrated 
Part-Load Values (IPLV) ratings for unitary air conditioners, 
condensing units, applied heat pumps, and water chilling packages in 
its Federal building energy code, arguing that the energy descriptors 
for products cannot be expanded to include various other rating 
conditions or energy descriptors, i.e. IPLV ratings, due to Federal 
preemption of State regulations. It also argued that Congress 
specifically excluded multiple rating points on standards for the 
manufacture of these products at the request of the manufacturers. 
(American Refrigeration Institute (AGA), No. 15; 1-2)
    Section 342 of EPCA, as amended by section 122 of EPACT, sets 
minimum standards for the manufacture of certain equipment, thereby 
prohibiting the production or import of equipment that does not meet 
the standards.
    Today's final rule governs the design and construction of new 
Federal buildings, not the manufacture of equipment. This rule 
implements section 305 of ECPA as amended, which requires the 
establishment of Federal energy efficiency standards for the design and 
construction of new Federal buildings. Section 305 directs Federal 
agencies to meet or exceed ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 in developing its 
standards. This rule includes the same part-load values found in ASHRAE 
Standard 90.1-1989, thereby meeting the legislative requirements of 
Section 305 of ECPA, as amended.
    DOE rejects the argument that the Federal rule cannot contain part-
load criteria due to Federal preemption. The preemption provision in 
section 345 of EPCA, as amended, does not apply to the procurement of 
equipment used in new Federal buildings. The Federal Government is, 
therefore, not mandated to delete the part-load minimum requirements 
from its standard by virtue of the preemption provision.
    Finally, Federal agencies fund both the building and operation of 
their facilities. As such, they have a significant interest in both the 
first cost and operating costs of building equipment. Motorized 
equipment in buildings run at part-load for the majority of their use 
and operation. For example, cooling equipment is rarely operated at a 
maximum load value in the spring, winter, and fall, or at night. 
Integrated part-load value criteria in building energy codes limits the 
inefficiency of equipment at part-load conditions. These criteria have 
been a formal part of this requirement for Federal buildings since 
January 1989 (10 CFR part 435) and have helped Federal agencies operate 
their buildings more efficiently and at less cost. These requirements 
improve the energy efficiency of Federal buildings.
    Accordingly, the Department will retain integrated part-load value 
criteria as part of its final rule.
(9) Two-Tiered Code, Subpart D, Section 403
    One commenter suggested that a two-tier approach to selecting 
energy efficient HVAC equipment, similar to that originally proposed 
for the updated version of ASHRAE 90.1-1989, be added to the final rule 
(New Space

[[Page 60006]]

Working Group, No.14; 2). The Department recognizes that there are 
products on the market that have more efficient ratings than will be 
required by this final rule. This rule establishes minimum efficiency 
levels for HVAC equipment included in new Federal buildings.
    Executive Order 12902, Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at 
Federal Facilities, further directs agencies to purchase equipment that 
is in the upper 25 percent of energy efficiency for all similar 
products or at least 10 percent more efficient than the minimum level 
that meets Federal standards, if they are cost-effective and to the 
extent practicable (Section 507(a)(2)). In practice, Executive Order 
12902 creates a second tier of efficiency levels for equipment 
purchased by Federal agencies. Therefore, the Department will not add a 
second tier of requirements to this rule.
(10) Equipment Absorption Cooling Requirements, Subpart D, Section 403
    In the proposed rule, Table 403.1c contains absorption cooling 
minimum efficiency requirements. One commenter agrees that these 
efficiency requirements should be included in the rule, but argues they 
should be increased to reflect average fleet efficiencies. (Vepco, No. 
10; 2,4).
    An increase in the required minimum efficiency of these products 
would require an economic analysis indicating the cost-effectiveness of 
the higher standard to the Federal Government. While increased 
efficiencies might well be cost-effective, a reliable testing and 
rating procedure is required. The current rating method, RS-30, has 
been controversial and can lead to inaccurate results. The Department 
is working with industry to develop a rating method that would provide 
a reliable and verifiable measure of the energy performance of this 
equipment. The development of this method would allow the Department to 
determine the most cost-effective level of efficiency for this 
equipment.
    The Department will retain the requirements in Table 403.1c for the 
absorption cooling minimum efficiency requirements.
(11) Heat Pump Supplementary Heat Operation, Subpart D, Section 403
    Two commenters proposed deleting the Section 403.2.6.4 requirement 
that would prevent supplementary heat operation, when the heat pump 
alone is capable of handling the heating load (Edison Electric 
Institute (EEI), No. 11; 3-4, Vepco, No. 10; 3). The supplementary heat 
is usually electric resistance heat.
    This requirement is included in Standard 90.1-1989 and has been in 
effect in 10 CFR part 435 since 1989. Under this provision, the 
supplemental heater operation is allowed during outdoor coil defrost 
cycles that do not exceed a running interval of fifteen minutes. 
Therefore, heat pumps with supplementary resistance heaters must have 
controls that prevent auxiliary heater operation when the heating load 
can be met by the heat pump alone. Contrary to the contention that this 
provision bans a class of products from the marketplace, the rule 
specifies performance requirements for these systems when purchased for 
use in new Federal buildings. If Section 403.2.6.4 were removed it 
would prevent the final rule from meeting the minimum requirements of 
Standard 90.1-1989, as required by EPACT. The Department will keep this 
provision in the final rule.
(12) Combined Water and Space Heating, Subpart D, Section 404
    The proposed rule would allow use of a combination water and space 
heating unit when the energy input and the storage volume of the 
combination unit is less than twice the energy input or storage volumes 
of the smaller of the separate boilers or water heaters, or the input 
to the combined boiler is less than 150,000 Btu/h. Three commenters 
proposed that the limitation on combined water and space heating 
equipment, section 404.6, be deleted (Viessmann, No. 1; 1-2; AGA, No. 
4; 4; Columbia Gas, No.9; 3). One of these commenters argued that this 
provision is not necessary and should be deleted to avoid confusion 
(Columbia Gas, No. 9; 3). Another believes that section 404.1 and 
section 404.6 appear to be working at cross purposes, the first setting 
requirements for combined water and space heating systems, while the 
latter restricts their use with exceptions (AGA, No. 4; 4). The third 
believes that the dual requirements opens a loophole leading to a 
reduction in fuel efficiency because boilers and water heaters are 
tested under quite different conditions. ``A water heater's thermal 
efficiency starting with cold water is far easier to attain than is a 
boiler's steady state combustion efficiency which raises water 
temperature over a limited, higher range.''(Viessmann, No. 1; 1-2). 
Finally, it was argued that, due to the lower price of water heaters 
relative to boilers, economic pressures will favor the less efficient 
equipment. It was stated that if a water heater that meets the minimum 
requirements of section 404.1 is used to supplant a boiler meeting the 
requirements of Table 403.1(f), then energy consumption will rise 
(78%Et80%Ec).
    Section 404.1 requires that service water heating equipment used to 
produce additional functions of space heating as part of a combination 
(integrated) system shall satisfy all stated requirements for the 
service water heating equipment. Section 404.6 generally prohibits the 
use of combined service water heating and space heating equipment, but 
states the conditions when they can be used.
    The Department believes that Secs. 404.1 and 404.6 function 
together appropriately. The exceptions in Sec. 404.6 were included in 
Standard 90.1-1989 to prevent inefficient use of such equipment. This 
means that the rated input capacity and the storage volume of the 
combined equipment will be such that neither the space heating nor the 
water heating loads dominate the other and are almost of equal 
magnitude, so that the combined equipment is likely to operate at least 
at 50% load or higher throughout the year. This prevents the equipment 
from operating at lower part-load conditions (with related very low 
efficiencies) during most of the non-heating months of the year. The 
exceptions in Sec. 404.6 allow the use of combination service water 
heating and space heating equipment, if certain criteria are met. These 
have been incorporated into this rule to promote efficient use of such 
equipment. The separate efficiency requirements for a water heater in 
terms of a thermal efficiency (78%) and for a boiler, in terms of a 
combustion efficiency (80%), are virtually equivalent. This is because 
the thermal efficiency, by definition, is lower than the combustion 
efficiency by 2 or 3 percentage points (to account for the jacket 
losses) in most heating equipment. For these reasons, the Department 
does not adopt the commenters' view and will not require that 
combination equipment meet the separate efficiency requirements for 
both water heaters and boilers, and will retain the provisions of 
Sec. 404.6 in the final rule.
(13) Lavatory Water Temperature, Subpart D, Section 404
    In the proposed rule, the temperature for the lavatory outlet is 
specified at a maximum of 110 degrees F. A commenter suggested that the 
maximum level be revised to 120 degrees F due to the fact that 
``American consumers are accustomed to this pre-determined water 
temperature, and satisfaction levels would drop if and when anything 
less would be mandated.'' (Plumbing Manufacturers Institute (PMI), No. 
12;

[[Page 60007]]

3). The same commenter also argued that the Legionella Pneumophila 
organism was capable of colonizing in hot water systems at 115 degrees 
F, and could even reproduce at 110 degrees F. (PMI, No. 12; 3)
    The Department does not accept the suggestion to revise the outlet 
temperature to 120 degrees F. As stated in the 1995 ASHRAE Applications 
Handbook (RS-47, pp. 44-12), the Legionella bacteria are killed at 
temperatures above 140 degrees F. Therefore, the commenter's suggestion 
would not improve water conditions as they recommend.
    But more importantly, the maximum outlet temperature for lavatories 
is specified at 110 degrees F in Standard 90.1-1989. Section 305 of 
ECPA requires the Department to meet or exceed the energy savings of 
that standard. Therefore, the Department will not raise the lavatory 
outlet temperature from 110 to 120 degrees F because that would result 
in greater energy use than Standard 90.1-1989.
    With regard to the health and safety aspects of lavatory outlet 
temperatures, the 1995 ASHRAE Applications Handbook (RS-47, pp. 44-13) 
indicates that revising the temperatures to 120 degrees F would not 
kill Legionella bacteria. The Department is concerned however, that a 
temperature of 120 degrees F could scald users.
(14) Shower Heads and Lavatory Faucets, Subpart D, Section 404
    Section 404.4, Water Conservation, provides that shower heads and 
lavatory faucets meet the requirements of 10 CFR 430.32. One commenter 
suggested aligning the water conservation section (Standard 404.4) with 
established consensus standards flow rate requirements already 
established by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers/American 
National Standards Institute (ASME/ANSI). It also suggested that rather 
than basing the criteria on whether the water system was circulating or 
noncirculating, it be based on whether a metering valve is used. 
Finally it was suggested that the criteria not restrict the use of hot 
water only. (PMI, No. 12; 3).
    The Department published a final rule entitled ``Energy 
Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures and 
Certification and Enforcement Requirements for Plumbing Products; and 
Certification and Enforcement Requirements for Residential 
Appliances,'' 63 FR 13308 (March 18, 1998) (codified at 10 CFR Part 
430). This rule codified the water conservation standards established 
in EPCA for showerheads, water closets and urinals. It also 
incorporated by reference the ASME/ANSI standards for these products 
which are identical to the statutory standards. For lavatory faucets, 
the Department incorporated by reference the revised ASME/ASNI faucet 
standard A112.181M-1996 which established a maximum flow rate of 2.2 
gpm. For metering faucets, the rule also established a maximum flow 
rate of 0.25 gallons per cycle regardless of whether they are used in 
circulating or noncirculating systems and with hot or cold water.
    The Department has changed the language of today's rule to clarify 
the appropriate water conservation standard that applies to showerheads 
and lavatory faucets, namely, 10 CFR 430.32. Moreover, since 10 CFR 
part 430 incorporates by reference the appropriate ASME/ANSI standards, 
DOE has aligned its rule with consensus standards flow rate/metering 
requirements as requested by the commenter. This language change in 
today's final rule conforms this rule to existing Federal requirements. 
Since this change addresses flow rate requirements for both hot and 
cold water, it effectively incorporates the commenter's suggestion to 
address both hot and cold water usage.
(15) Equipment for Prototype or Reference Buildings, Subpart E, Section 
518
    In the proposed rule, subpart E contains a building energy cost 
compliance alternative wherein the proposed design is compared to 
either a prototype building if the design is one of nine recognized 
building types, or a reference building if the building design is 
particularly unique. Subpart E, Sec. 518.2, requires that a prototype 
or reference building use either an electric heat pump or natural gas 
for service water heating, unless electric resistance is preferable to 
the heat pump water heater (HPWH), pursuant to the criteria of section 
404. One commenter pointed out that section 404 contained no such 
criteria and suggested that the final rule should include criteria for 
determining when electric resistance service water heating is 
preferable to an HPWH. (Vepco, No. 10; 3)
    The Department agrees with the commenter that section 404 does not 
list the criteria that would allow the designer to determine if it is 
preferable to use electric resistance over the HPWH.
    Standard 90.1-1989, Section 11.5.5, Additional Equipment Efficiency 
Measures, requires the designer to perform an economic analysis that 
compares the potential benefits of using one system type over the 
other. The results of the comparison allow for the determination of the 
more cost-effective system. This latter provision was omitted from the 
codified version of Standard 90.1-1989 (Section 404). Since, by 
statute, this rule uses Standard 90.1-1989 as the minimum baseline, the 
Department has added the language from Section 11.5.5 of Standard 90.1-
1989 into the final rule so that users have the method to determine if 
it is preferable to use electric resistance over the HPWH.
(16) Determination of Energy Cost Budget (ECB), Subpart E, Section 501
    Under subpart E, a building is in compliance with the rule if its 
annual energy costs or Energy Cost Budget (ECB) is equal to or less 
than what it would have been if built under subpart D. Subpart E 
compliance has two steps. Step one determines the ECB, assuming the 
equipment and energy types that would produce either (a) the lowest 
annual energy costs or (b) the lowest lifecycle costs if the building 
were built under subpart D. Fuel types are not actually chosen in this 
step. In step two, any desired building and equipment ``trade-offs'' 
are made, so long as the overall ECB does not exceed the level set in 
step one. These trade-offs can include changes in equipment and fuel 
type.
    Subpart E is designed to ensure that buildings built under this 
subpart do not use more energy than would have been allowed under 
subpart D. Because different energy types are measured in different 
units, a common unit of measure is needed for ensuring that trade-offs 
do not result in increased energy usage. Subpart E uses energy costs as 
its common measure of energy usage.
    Two commenters suggest that subpart E be revised to reflect greater 
reliance on building life cycle costs. (Vepco, No. 10; 1; EEI, No. 11; 
2-3). One commenter (Vepco) proposes allowing only the use of life 
cycle costs, and not also annual energy costs, in the step one 
determination of the ECB. The other commenter (EEI) proposes using life 
cycle costs, rather than the ECB, as the basis for determining 
compliance with subpart E overall.
    The Department agrees that life cycle cost is an essential 
component in the development and implementation of building codes. Life 
cycle cost analysis was used in the development of this rule. Moreover, 
Executive Order 12902 requires the use of life cycle cost analysis in 
making federal building energy choices. Subpart E, drawn from Standard 
90.1-1989, explicitly provides

[[Page 60008]]

for life cycle cost analysis in step one. Life cycle cost analysis can 
and should be used in making tradeoffs under step two. Indeed, the 
primary purpose of allowing trade-offs is to provide opportunities to 
utilize more cost-effective means of improving energy efficiency.
    Although life cycle cost analysis could be the basis for 
determining the ECB in step one, removal of the energy cost approach 
would remove the most stringent option found in subpart E of Standard 
90.1-1989. Therefore, life cycle cost analysis cannot be the basis for 
determining subpart E compliance with the energy requirements of the 
rule since this method does not ensure that energy usage under this 
subpart would not exceed that allowed in subpart D. Based on these 
considerations, the Department is retaining the energy cost budget 
(ECB) components of this subpart.
(17) Conversion Factors for Electricity, Subpart F, Section 601, 602
    As is the case with subpart E, compliance with subpart F, the 
Building Energy Compliance Alternative, is a two-step process, although 
the components of each step are somewhat different. In step one of 
subpart F, life cycle cost analysis is used to select the energy 
sources and equipment types to be used in the building. The Energy Use 
Budget (EUB) is developed based on the amount of energy these energy 
sources and equipment types would require if the building were built 
according to subpart D requirements. In step two, any desired trade-
offs are made so long as (a) the EUB is not exceeded and (b) the energy 
types utilized are not changed. The common unit of measure in making 
EUB trade-offs is the British thermal unit (Btu) content at the 
building site.
    Two commenters suggested that the conversion factors used in this 
subpart take off-site energy losses into account and recommended a 
factor of 11,600 Btus per kWh for electricity, rather than the 3,412 
Btu/kWh provided for in Table 602.2. These commenters support the 
source-based method as indicating the total amount of energy consumed 
in order to provide for the building's energy needs and to encourage 
environmentally preferable building choices. (AGA, No. 4; 1, 5; 
Columbia Gas, No. 9; 2). One commenter requested a study to determine 
the environmental impacts of the section 602 conversion factors (AGA, 
No. 4; 1-3).
    The Department agrees that source-based conversion factors are 
generally more accurate in reflecting energy conservation potential. 
However, the limited provision in step two utilizing site-based 
conversion factors can have little or no discernable impact on the 
types of energy used since that choice is already made in step one. The 
conversion factor chosen can only have a limited impact on trade-offs 
involving interactions among subsystems employing different energy 
sources. The Subpart D equipment efficiency levels are already set at 
federal minimum standards. As a result, tradeoffs generally cannot be 
made among different types of equipment.
    The Department recognizes that ``site'' fuel conversion factors are 
widely used by architects, engineers, and builders in heat flow and 
other calculations. Given this standard approach, and the limited 
potential impact of selecting site rather than source energy as the 
basis for conversion, the Department has retained the conversion 
factors set forth in Table 602.2.

C. Other Changes

    DOE has made other changes to the proposed rule. It has added to 
Sec. 434.201 the definition of building set forth in 42 U.S.C. 6832. 
This definition was inadvertently omitted in the proposed rule.
    In addition, DOE has deleted section 101.2 and reworded section 101 
to clarify the extent to which additions and renovations are covered by 
this rule consistent with the statutory provisions of section 305 of 
ECPA, as amended. Non-substantive changes, such as the renumbering of 
paragraphs, typographical errors, and minor language changes are not 
discussed.

III. Consultation

    In developing today's rule, the Department consulted with outside 
parties, including State and local code officials, private sector 
representatives, and other Federal agencies, as required by section 
305(a)(1) of ECPA.

IV. Energy Impacts

    This rule applies only to the energy efficiency of new construction 
for Federal buildings, representing about 2 percent of all new 
commercial building construction. New Federal construction will 
constitute less than 1/2 of one percent of the total commercial 
building stock in 2010. Furthermore, this rule applies only to that 
portion of building energy use related to heating, cooling, 
ventilation, water heating, and lighting, or about 60% of the energy 
used in commercial buildings, or roughly 0.3% of expected commercial 
buildings energy use in 2010.
    This rule saves about 5% of energy usage compared to Standard 90.1-
1989 at the time EPACT was adopted. This additional energy savings is 
consistent with the legislative requirement that energy savings in the 
rule be ``technologically feasible and economically justified.'' In 
addition, it reflects the requirement that DOE consider, in 
consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency and other Federal 
agencies, measures concerning indoor air pollutants and, where 
appropriate, adopt such measures. (Section 305(a)(2)(C).)
    The additional 5% energy savings derives from the inclusion of 
addenda c, regarding motors, and the inclusion of lighting 
specifications that are not included in either Standard 90.1-1989 or 
any of its addenda. The Department estimates that Addendum c, 
addressing motor efficiency, provides 0.24 percent reduction in 
building energy use. This same reduction will be realized nationwide as 
the electric motor standards of section 342(b) of the EPCA, as amended, 
take effect. Also, the Department has determined that the lighting 
standards contained in the final rule will reduce total building energy 
use by about 4.7 percent compared to the statutory baseline. Finally, 
the Department has determined that other changes from the statutory 
baseline have no discernible impact on energy use. These other changes 
include ASHRAE addenda g, i, and f, previously discussed.
    This rule retains the ventilation requirements of Standard 90.1-
1989 intended to ensure adequate indoor air quality. The ventilation 
requirements found in Standard 90.1-1989 are the same as those found in 
ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 and reflect current industry practice. 
Ventilation requirements increase building energy use, both because 
energy is needed to operate the ventilation fans and other equipment, 
and because some additional heating and air conditioning is required 
for replacement air. Although removing these requirements could save 
energy in Federal buildings, it would not be consistent with current 
practices regarding protection of indoor air quality, nor would it be 
consistent with the legislative requirements in section 305 of ECPA.
    Even though the final rule is more stringent that the statutory 
baseline, two components of the final rule technically increase allowed 
energy usage compared to the interim rule.
    First, several lighting provisions found in the interim rule proved 
not to be technologically feasible. Second, the interim rule was never 
updated to include the indoor air quality ventilation requirements of 
ASHRAE

[[Page 60009]]

Standard 62-1989. As a result, these aspects of the interim rule would 
not have met the legislative requirements for this final rule. 
Technically, these two changes from the interim rule allow about 10 to 
15 percent more building energy use, largely due to the change in 
ventilation requirements. In practice, however, these changes from the 
interim rule are not likely to have a significant effect on Federal 
building energy use. The non-technologically feasible lighting 
specifications found in the interim rule have proven difficult or 
impossible to implement. In addition, most Federal buildings are 
already being built to meet ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 ventilation 
requirements .
    The energy estimates reported here are based on the minimum 
specifications found in subpart D of the final rule. Additional cost-
effective energy efficiency improvements in new Federal commercial 
buildings are facilitated by this rule through use of Subparts E and F, 
the alternative paths which provide a means of documenting the energy 
savings and cost-effectiveness of more energy efficient building 
designs. Federal agencies may choose to adopt building energy 
requirements that exceed those contained in this rule. The final rule 
is specifically designed to operate in conjunction with several 
existing programs and policies which facilitate additional energy 
savings in Federal buildings. In essence, this rule provides a 
``floor'' or a minimum level of energy savings for new Federal 
buildings. Section 306(a) of Executive Order 12902 (59 FR 11463, March 
8, 1994), ``Executive Order on Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation 
at Federal Facilities,'' specifically requires that, ``Each agency 
involved in the construction of a new facility * * * shall: (1) Design 
and construct such facility to minimize the life cycle cost of the 
facility by utilizing energy efficiency, water conservation, or solar 
or other renewable energy technologies.'' It also requires agencies to 
``ensure that the design and construction of facilities meet or exceed 
the energy performance standards applicable to Federal residential or 
commercial buildings as set forth in 10 CFR part 435, local building 
standards, or a Btu-per-gross square-foot ceiling * * * whichever will 
result in a lower life cycle cost over the life of the facilities.'' 
Section 306(a)(2). Finally, this Executive Order directs agencies to 
purchase equipment for buildings that are in the upper 25 percent of 
energy efficiency for all similar products or at least 10 percent more 
efficient than the minimum level that meets Federal standards if they 
are cost-effective and to the extent practicable. Section 507(a)(2). 
Furthermore, 10 CFR part 436 allows agencies to determine when even 
greater energy savings would be cost effective. Programs within the 
Department's Office of Codes and Standards (OCS) and the Federal Energy 
Management Program (FEMP) provide agencies with assistance in utilizing 
life-cycle cost analysis and in identifying and procuring energy 
efficient shell and equipment options for Federal buildings.

V. Technological Feasibility and Economic Justification

    The standards issued today are technologically feasible and cost 
effective to the Federal Government as required by section 305(a)(1) of 
ECPA. Those provisions included in the statutory baseline have been 
part of recommended professional practice since at least October 1992. 
Addenda approved or issued by ASHRAE and IESNA since EPACT was enacted 
(Addenda 90.1c, f, g, and i addressing motors, fenestration, metal 
framing in the building envelope, and heating and cooling equipment 
test procedures, respectively) are addressed specifically to explain 
their technological feasibility and cost effectiveness.
    Addendum 90.1c, regarding motors, was developed in cooperation with 
the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and is based 
on its standards. Motors covered by this criteria are currently being 
actively marketed by manufacturers and regularly incorporated as cost 
effective retrofit measures in utility demand side management programs. 
See the Technical Support Document, page 3. Section 342(b) of EPCA, 42 
U.S.C. 6313(b), specifies motor efficiency requirements that are 
equivalent to those in Addendum 90.1c. These requirements became 
mandatory for equipment manufactured after October 1997. Discussions 
with manufacturers led the Department to believe that these products 
will be cost effective for all new Federal buildings at the time this 
rule becomes effective.
    Addendum 90.1f modifies the method of calculating the thermal 
transmittance of fenestration assemblies based on the updated 
procedures given in the 1989 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook for 
determining fenestration thermal performance. The Department believes 
that use of the U-values specified in the final rule based on Addendum 
90.1f would not change the types of windows from those required to meet 
Standard 90.1-1989. See the Technical Support Document, pages 10-11.
    Addendum 90.1g expands Table 402.1.2.1b, Parallel Path Correction 
Factors, Metal Framed Walls with Studs 16 Gauge or Lighter, to include 
a larger variety of available types of metal studs, spacing of framing 
members and cavity insulation values which are being used for exterior 
walls. This was done in light of recent increased interest in metal 
stud construction. The final rule only permits the use of metal studs 
if the exterior wall is properly insulated; it does not require the use 
of this technology. The Department believes this technology will be 
used only in cases where the builder finds it is cost effective to do 
so. See, Technical Support Document, pages 8-9.
    Addendum 90.1i updates the test procedures for heating and cooling 
equipment. Their adoption by equipment manufacturers demonstrates their 
technological feasibility. Furthermore, since these are established 
test procedures used by industry, the Department believes their 
inclusion in the final rule will have no impact on cost. In addition, 
there is an exception provided for zone control of variable air volume 
(VAV) systems. The Department believes this will not increase energy 
use beyond the statutory baseline since addendum e, already allowed 
this practice and was adopted prior to October 24, 1992. See the 
Technical Support Document, pages 12-14.
    This rule adopts 32 lighting specifications from the 1993 values in 
the interim rule that proved to be both technologically feasible and 
economically justified. (See TSD). For an additional 8 space types, the 
TSD analysis indicated that UPD values lower than the 1993 values would 
be technologically feasible and economically justified, and these have 
been adopted as well. In 14 cases, the TSD analysis justified values 
between the 1989 and 1993 levels. Finally, in 25 of 79 space types for 
which there was a difference between 1989 and 1993 values, the TSD 
analysis resulted in the 1989 UPD value being identified as the most 
appropriate. In determining the cost-effectiveness of the lighting 
provisions, the TSD analysis reflects the estimated cost of electricity 
to the Federal Government.

VI. Measures Concerning Radon and Other Indoor Air Pollutants

    Section 305(a)(2)(C) of ECPA, requires the Department to consider, 
where appropriate, measures with regard to radon and other indoor air 
pollutants. The Department has consulted with the Environmental 
Protection Agency and

[[Page 60010]]

determined that there are no radon standards applicable to the types of 
buildings covered by this final rule.
    Ventilation is the only change from the interim rule that has an 
effect on indoor air quality and thus, on habitability. The final rule, 
through its inclusion of Addendum 90.1e, adopts the minimum ventilation 
rates specified by ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, entitled ``Ventilation for 
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,'' effectively increasing ventilation in 
new Federal buildings. Improving building ventilation conditions by 
adjustments to mechanical systems is widely used as a generic 
mitigation practice for indoor air quality problems. It is widely 
assumed that such adjustments increase ventilation rates and as a 
consequence decrease contaminant concentrations, reduce dissatisfaction 
with air quality and reduce symptom prevalence. A range of experimental 
and epidemiological studies have been carried out to evaluate these 
relationships. However, these study results are in dispute. The 
Department will continue to monitor this issue and update the rule if 
there is sufficient justification for a change.

VII. Procedural Determinations

A. Review Under Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism''

    Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999) requires 
agencies to develop an accountable process to ensure meaningful and 
timely input by State and local officials in the development of 
regulatory policies that have ``federalism implications.'' Policies 
that have federalism implications are defined in the Executive Order to 
include regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on the 
States, on the relationship between the national government and the 
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government.'' Under Executive Order 13132, DOE may 
not issue a regulation that has federalism implications, that imposes 
substantial direct costs, and that is not required by statute, unless 
the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct 
compliance costs incurred by State and local governments, or DOE 
consults with State and local officials early in the process of the 
developing the proposed regulation. DOE also may not issue a regulation 
that has federalism implications and that preempts State law unless it 
consults with State and local officials early in the process of 
developing the proposed regulation.
    DOE has examined today's rule and has determined that it does not 
have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship 
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution 
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. 
No further action is required by Executive Order 13132.

B. Review Under Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform''

    With respect to the review of existing regulations and the 
promulgation of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, 
``Civil Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (February 7, 1996), imposes on 
executive agencies the following requirements: (1) Eliminate drafting 
errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to minimize litigation; and 
(3) provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct rather than a 
general standard and promote simplification and burden reduction. With 
regard to the review required by section 3(a), section 3(b) of the 
Executive Order specifically requires that Executive agencies make 
every reasonable effort to ensure that the regulation: (1) Clearly 
specifies the preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any 
effect on existing Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear 
legal standard for affected conduct while promoting simplification and 
reducing burdens; (4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) 
adequately defines key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues 
affecting clarity and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued 
by the Attorney General. Section 3(c) of the Executive Order requires 
Executive agencies to review regulations in light of applicable 
standards in section 3(a) and section 3(b) to determine whether they 
are met or it is unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE reviewed 
today's rule under the standards of section 3 of the Executive Order 
and determined that, to the extent permitted by law, it meets the 
requirements of those standards.

C. Review Under Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and 
Review''

    This regulatory action has been determined to be a significant 
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning 
and Review,'' 58 FR 51735 (October 4, 1993). Accordingly, the final 
rule was subject to review under the Executive Order by the Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) and OIRA has completed its 
review.

D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601-612, requires that an 
agency prepare an initial regulatory flexibility analysis for any rule, 
for which a general notice of proposed rulemaking is required, that 
would have a significant economic effect on small entities. A final 
regulatory flexibility analysis must be prepared and made available 
when a final rule is published. These requirements do not apply if the 
agency ``certifies that the rule will not, if promulgated, have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.'' (5 U.S.C. 605).
    In the notice of proposed rulemaking, DOE determined that this rule 
only would impose requirements on the Federal Government for the 
construction of new Federal commercial and multi-family high rise 
residential buildings. The rule imposes no requirements on the private 
sector. Therefore, the Department certified that the proposed rule 
would not, if promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. The Department did not receive 
any comments on the certification.

E. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act

    The Department prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA) of the 
1989 interim standards for Federal commercial and multi-family high 
rise residential buildings. (Environmental Assessment In Support of 
Proposed Interim Energy Conservation Standards for New Commercial and 
Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings, November 1986, DOE/CE-
0166). The EA concluded that the effect of the final standards on a 
building's habitability as well as on the outdoor environment, the 
economy and Federal institutions, would be very small. Thus, the 
environmental effects from the standards for a minimum level of energy 
efficiency for new Federal commercial and multi-family high rise 
residential buildings were determined not to be a major Federal action 
significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, under the 
meaning of the National Environmental Policy Act. A Finding of No 
Significant Impact (FONSI) was published with the proposed rule in 52 
FR 17052, 17064 (May 6, 1987) and referenced in the interim rule in 54 
FR 4551 (January 30, 1989).
    The 1989 interim rule that established building energy efficiency 
standards

[[Page 60011]]

was mandatory for Federal buildings and voluntary for all others. 
Today's final rule addresses solely Federal commercial construction, 
which represents only 2 percent of total new construction nationwide, 
and does not include voluntary standards for non-Federal construction.
    The final rule will change energy consumption as compared to the 
interim rule in the areas of lighting, motors, and HVAC equipment. In 
conducting the analysis that supports this final rule, the Department 
found that final changes to the lighting level requirements would 
produce a 4.7 percent reduction in building energy consumption compared 
to the 1989 lighting criteria in the interim rule. The final rule also 
is expected to produce a 0.24 percent reduction in building energy 
consumption due to the increased efficiency requirements of motors as 
compared to the interim rule. The final rule, however, could increase 
energy use by 10-15 percent, because of the additional ventilation 
requirements of Addendum 90.1e, as compared to the interim rule. The 
net result is an approximate 5-10 percent increase in total building 
energy use as compared to the interim rule with the 1989 lighting 
levels. Since Federal construction represents only 2 percent of the 
total new commercial and multi-family high-rise residential 
construction nationally, the increase in energy consumption (0.1 to 0.2 
percent) nationally will be negligible.
    The Department believes that minimal environmental impacts will 
result from this final rule. Further, such effects fall within the 
range of impacts that are analyzed in the interim rule's EA. These 
effects are determined not to be significant in the FONSI published in 
1987. Accordingly, the Department determines that after all the 
environmental effects of the final rule are considered, this final rule 
is bounded by the analysis in the EA. Therefore, the preparation of a 
new EA or an environmental impact statement is not required.

F. Paperwork Reduction Act Review

    No new information or record keeping requirements are imposed by 
this rulemaking. Accordingly, no Office of Management and Budget 
clearance is required under the Paperwork Reduction Act. 44 U.S.C. 3501 
et seq.

G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), 2 
U.S.C. 1531 et seq., requires each Federal agency, to the extent 
permitted by law, to prepare a written assessment of the effects of any 
Federal mandate in a final agency rule that may result in the 
expenditure by State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, 
or by the private sector, of $100 million or more (adjusted annually 
for inflation) in any one year.
    The final rule establishes building energy efficiency standards for 
new Federal commercial and multi-family high rise residential buildings 
pursuant to section 305 of the ECPA, as amended. 42 U.S.C. 6834. It 
does not include any Federal requirements that would result in the 
expenditure of money by State, local, and tribal governments. 
Therefore, the requirements of the Act do not apply to this rulemaking.

H. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 
1974

    Pursuant to section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (Pub. L. 95-91), the Department of Energy is required to comply 
with section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, 15 
U.S.C. 788. The Department of Energy is required by section 32 to 
notify the public regarding the proposed use of commercial standards in 
a rulemaking and allow interested persons to make known their views 
regarding the appropriateness of the use of any particular commercial 
standard in a notice of proposed rulemaking.
    The Department included an invitation for public comment in the 
notice of proposed rulemaking. Several commenters, covering 
professional organizations, manufacturers, Government agencies, and 
utilities, endorsed the appropriateness of the use of the codified 
version of Standard 90.1-1989. No adverse comments were received.
    In addition, section 32(c) precludes the Department from 
incorporating any commercial standard into a rule unless it has 
consulted with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal 
Trade Commission (FTC) as to the impact of such standard on 
competition. Pursuant to section 32(c), the Department advised these 
individuals of its intention to incorporate portions of the above-
referenced standards into this final rule. Neither recommended against 
such incorporation.

I. ``Takings'' Assessment Review

    The Department has determined pursuant to Executive Order 12630, 
``Governmental Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected 
Property Rights,'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation 
would not result in any takings which might require compensation under 
the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

J. Congressional Notification

    Consistent with Subtitle E of the Small Business Regulatory 
Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, 5 U.S.C. 801-808, the Department will 
submit to Congress a report regarding the issuance of today's final 
rule prior to the effective date set forth at the outset of this 
notice. The report will note the Office of Management and Budget's 
determination that this rule does not constitute a ``major rule'' under 
that Act. 5 U.S.C. 801, 804.

K. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995, 
section 12(d), Pub. L. 104-113, requires Federal agencies to use 
technical standards that are developed or adopted by voluntary 
consensus standards bodies to carry out their policy objectives or 
activities. If use of such technical standards is inconsistent with 
applicable law or otherwise impractical, a Federal agency may elect to 
use technical standards that are not developed or adopted by voluntary 
consensus standards if the head of the agency transmits to the Office 
of Management and Budget (OMB) an explanation of the reasons for using 
such standards. If an agency issues or revises a regulation that 
contains a technical standard, the agency is required by OMB Circular 
A-119 to provide certain information about its choice of standard in 
the notices of proposed and final rulemaking. 63 FR 8546, 8557 
(February 19, 1998). In a notice of final rulemaking, the agency must 
state if it is using a voluntary consensus standard and, if so, 
identify the standard and any alternative voluntary consensus standards 
that were identified. If a Government-unique standard is being used, 
the agency must explain why using a voluntary consensus standard would 
be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical.
    This final rule closely parallels Standard 90.1-1989 and subsequent 
addenda to that voluntary consensus standard. Section 305(a)(2)(A) of 
ECPA, 42 U.S.C. 6834(a)(2)(A), requires DOE to establish commercial 
building standards for new Federal buildings that contain energy saving 
and renewable energy specifications that meet or exceed those in ASHRAE 
Standard 90.1-1989. Consistent with the statute, DOE did not consider 
alternative voluntary standards.

[[Page 60012]]

List of Subjects in 10 CFR Parts 434 and 435

    Buildings, Energy conservation, Engineers, Federal buildings and 
facilities, Incorporation by reference.

    Issued in Washington, D.C., on June 30, 2000.
Dan W. Reicher,
Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, chapter II of title 10 
of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as set forth below:

PART 435--ENERGY CONSERVATION VOLUNTARY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR 
NEW BUILDINGS; MANDATORY FOR FEDERAL BUILDINGS

    1. The authority citation for Part 435 is revised to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6831-6832; 6834-6836; 42 U.S.C. 8253-54; 42 
U.S.C. 7101 et seq.

Subpart A [Removed and reserved]

    2. Subpart A (Secs. 435.97 through 435.112) of part 435 is removed 
and reserved.

    3. A new part 434 is added to chapter II of title 10 to read as 
follows:

PART 434--ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY 
HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Sec.
434.99   Explanation of numbering system for codes.
Subpart A--Administration and Enforcement--General
434.100   Purpose.
434.101   Scope.
434.102   Compliance.
434.103   Referenced standards (RS).
434.105   Materials and equipment.
Subpart B--Definitions
434.201   Definitions.
Subpart C--Design Conditions
434.301   Design criteria.
Subpart D--Building Design Requirements--Electric Systems and Equipment
434.401   Electrical power and lighting systems.
434.402   Building envelope assemblies and materials.
434.403   Building mechanical systems and equipment.
434.404   Building service systems and equipment.
Subpart E--Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative
434.501   General.
434.502   Determination of the annual energy cost budget.
434.503   Prototype building procedure.
434.504   Use of the prototype building to determine the energy cost 
budget.
434.505   Reference building method.
434.506   Use of the reference building to determine the energy cost 
budget.
434.507   Calculation procedure and simulation tool.
434.508   Determination of the design energy consumption and design 
energy cost.
434.509   Compliance.
434.510   Standard calculation procedure.
434.511   Orientation and shape.
434.512   Internal loads.
434.513   Occupancy.
434.514   Lighting.
434.515   Receptacles.
434.516   Building exterior envelope.
434.517   HVAC systems and equipment.
434.518   Service water heating.
434.519   Controls.
434.520   Speculative buildings.
434.521   The simulation tool.
Subpart F--Building Energy Compliance Alternative
434.601   General.
434.602   Determination of the annual energy budget.
434.603   Determination of the design energy use.
434.604   Compliance.
434.605   Standard calculation procedure.
434.606   Simulation tool.
434.607   Life cycle cost analysis criteria.
Subpart G--Reference Standards
434.701   General.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6831-6832, 6834-6836; 42 U.S.C. 8253-54; 42 
U.S.C. 7101, et seq.


Sec. 434.99  Explanation of numbering system for codes.

    (a) For purposes of this part, a derivative of two different 
numbering systems will be used.
    (1) For the purpose of designating a section, the system employed 
in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) will be employed. The number 
``434'' which signifies part 434 in chapter II of Title 10, Code of 
Federal Regulations, is used as a prefix for all section headings. The 
suffix is a two or three digit section number. For example the lighting 
section of the standards is designated Sec. 434.401.
    (2) Within each section, a numbering system common to many national 
voluntary consensus standards is used. A decimal system is used to 
denote paragraphs and subparagraphs within a section. For example, in 
Sec. 434.401, ``401.2.1'' refers to subsection 401, paragraph 2, 
subparagraph 1.
    (b) The hybrid numbering system is used for two purposes:
    (1) The use of the Code of Federal Regulations' numbering system 
allows the researcher using the CFR easy access to the standards.
    (2) The use of the second system allows the builder, designer, 
architect or engineer easy access because they are familiar to this 
system numbering. This system was chosen because of its commonality 
among the building industry.

Subpart A--Administration and Enforcement--General


Sec. 434.100  Purpose.

    The provisions of this part provide minimum standards for energy 
efficiency for the design of new Federal commercial and multi-family 
high rise residential buildings. The performance standards are designed 
to achieve the maximum practicable improvements in energy efficiency 
and increases in the use of non-depletable sources of energy. This rule 
is based upon the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1989 and addenda b, c, d, 
e, f, g, and i. (This document is available from the American Society 
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 
Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA.) It is not incorporated by reference in 
this document, but is mentioned for informational purposes only.


Sec. 434.101  Scope.

    101.1 This part provides design requirements for the building 
envelope, electrical distribution systems and equipment for electric 
power, lighting, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, service water 
heating and energy management. It applies to new Federal multi-family 
high rise residential buildings and new Federal commercial buildings.
    101.1.1 (a) Except as provided by section 101.2, the provisions of 
this part apply if an agency is constructing:
    (1) A building that has never been in service;
    (2) An addition that adds new space with provision for a heating or 
cooling system, or both, or for a hot water system; or
    (3) A substantial renovation of a building, involving replacement 
of a heating or cooling system, or both, or hot water system, that is 
either in service or has been in service.
    101.2  The provisions of this part do not apply to:
    101.2.1  Buildings, or portions thereof separated from the 
remainder of the building, that have a peak energy usage for space 
conditioning, service water heating, and lighting of less than 3.5 Btu/
(hft \2\ of gross floor area.
    101.2.2  Buildings of less than 100 square feet of gross floor 
area.
    101.2.3  Heating, cooling, ventilating, or service hot water 
requirements for

[[Page 60013]]

those spaces where processes occur for purposes other than occupant 
comfort and sanitation, and which impose thermal loads in excess of 5% 
of the loads that would otherwise be required for occupant comfort and 
sanitation without the process;
    101.2.4  Envelope requirements for those spaces where heating or 
cooling requirements are excepted in subsection 101.2.3 of this 
section.
    101.2.5  Lighting for tasks not listed or encompassed by areas or 
activities listed in Tables 401.3.2b, 401.3.2c and 401.3.2d.
    101.2.6  Buildings that are composed entirely of spaces listed in 
subsections 101.2.4 and 101.2.5.
    101.2.7  Individual components of a building under renovation, if 
the building components are not in the scope of a renovation as defined 
by the agency.


Sec. 434.102  Compliance.

    102.1  A covered building must be designed and constructed 
consistent with the provisions of subpart D of this part.
    102.2  Buildings designed and constructed to meet the alternative 
requirements of subparts E or F of this part shall be deemed to satisfy 
the requirements of this part. Such designs shall be certified by a 
registered architect or engineer stating that the estimated energy cost 
or energy use for the building as designed is no greater than the 
energy cost or energy use of a prototype building or reference building 
as determined pursuant to subparts E or F of this part.


Sec. 434.103  Referenced standards (RS).

    103.1  The standards, technical handbooks, papers and regulations 
listed in Sec. 434.701, shall be considered part of this part to the 
prescribed extent of such reference. Where differences occur between 
the provisions of this part and referenced standards, the provisions of 
this part shall apply. Whenever a reference is made in this part to an 
RS standard it refers to the standards listed in Sec. 434.701.


Sec. 434.105  Materials and equipment.

    105.1  Building materials and equipment shall be identified in 
designs in a manner that will allow for a determination of their 
compliance with the applicable provisions of this part.

Subpart B--Definitions


Sec. 434.201  Definitions.

    For the purposes of this part, the following terms, phrases, and 
words shall be defined as provided:
    Accessible (as applied to equipment): admitting close approach; not 
guarded by locked doors, elevations, or other effective means. (See 
also ``readily accessible'')
    Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE): the ratio of annual 
output energy to annual input energy that includes any non-heating 
season pilot input loss.
    Area of the space (A): the horizontal lighted area of a given space 
measured from the inside of the perimeter walls or partitions, at the 
height of the working surface.
    Automatic: self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when 
actuated by some impersonal influence, such as a change in current 
strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration. (See 
also``manual'')
    Automatic flue damper device: an electrically operated device, in 
the flue outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of the draft hood of an 
individual automatically operated gas-fired appliance, which is 
designed to automatically open the flue outlet during appliance 
operation and to automatically close off the flue outlet when the 
appliance is in a standby condition.
    Automatic vent damper device: a device intended for installation in 
the venting system, in the outlet of or downstream of the appliance 
draft hood, of an individual automatically operated gas-fired 
appliance, which is designed to automatically open the venting system 
when the appliance is in operation and to automatically close off the 
venting system when the appliance is in a standby or shutdown 
condition.
    (1) Electrically operated: an automatic vent damper device that 
employs electrical energy to control the device.
    (2) Thermally actuated: an automatic vent damper device dependent 
for operation exclusively upon the direct conversion of the thermal 
energy of the vent gases into mechanical energy.
    Boiler capacity: the rated heat output of the boiler, in Btu/h, at 
the design inlet and outlet conditions and rated fuel or energy input.
    Building: means any structure to be constructed which includes 
provision for a heating or cooling system, or both, or for a hot water 
system.
    Building code: means a legal instrument which is in effect in a 
State or unit of general purpose local government, the provisions of 
which must be adhered to if a building is to be considered to be in 
conformance with law and suitable for occupancy and use.
    Building envelope: the elements of a building that enclose 
conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to 
or from the exterior or to or from unconditioned spaces.
    Check metering: measurement instrumentation for the supplementary 
monitoring of energy consumption (electric, gas, oil, etc) to isolate 
the various categories of energy use to permit conservation and 
control, in addition to the revenue metering furnished by the utility.
    Coefficient of performance (COP)--Cooling: the ratio of the rate of 
heat removal to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a 
complete cooling system or factory assembled equipment, as tested under 
a nationally recognized standard or designated operating conditions.
    Coefficient of performance (COP) heat pump--Heating: the ratio of 
the rate of heat delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent 
units, for a complete heat pump system under designated operating 
conditions.
    Commercial building: a building other than a residential building, 
including any building developed for industrial or public purposes. 
Including but not limited to occupancies for assembly, business, 
education, institutions, food sales and service, merchants, and 
storage.
    Conditioned floor area: the area of the conditioned space measured 
at floor level from the interior surfaces of the walls.
    Conditioned space: a cooled space, heated space, or indirectly 
conditioned space.
    Cooled space: an enclosed space within a building that is cooled by 
a cooling system whose sensible capacity:
    (1) Exceeds 5 Btu/(hft\2\); or
    (2) Is capable of maintaining a space dry bulb temperature of 
90 deg.F or less at design cooling conditions.
    Daylight sensing control (DS): a device that automatically 
regulates the power input to electric lighting near the fenestration to 
maintain the desired workplace illumination, thus taking advantage of 
direct or indirect sunlight.
    Daylighted space: the space bounded by vertical planes rising from 
the boundaries of the daylighted area on the floor to the floor or roof 
above.
    Daylighted zone:
    (1) Under skylights: the area under each skylight whose horizontal 
dimension in each direction is equal to the skylight dimension in that 
direction plus either the floor-to-ceiling height or the dimension to 
an opaque partition, or one-half the distance to an adjacent skylight 
or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
    (2) At vertical glazing: the area adjacent to vertical glazing that 
receives

[[Page 60014]]

daylighting from the glazing. For purposes of this definition and 
unless more detailed daylighting analysis is provided, the daylighting 
zone depth is assumed to extend into the space a distance of 15 ft or 
to the nearest opaque partition, whichever is less. The daylighting 
zone width is assumed to be the width of the window plus either 2 ft on 
each side, the distance to an opaque partition, or one half the 
distance to an adjacent skylight or vertical glazing, whichever is 
least.
    Dead band (dead zone): the range of values within which an input 
variable that can be varied without initiating any noticeable change in 
the output variable.
    Degree-day, cooling: a unit, based upon temperature difference and 
time, used in estimating cooling energy consumption. For any one day, 
when the mean temperature is more than a reference temperature, 
typically 65 deg.F, there are as many degree-days as degrees Fahrenheit 
temperature difference between the mean temperature for the day and the 
reference temperature. Annual cooling degree-days (CDD) are the sum of 
the degree-days over a calendar year.
    Degree-day, heating: a unit, based upon temperature difference and 
time, used in estimating heating energy consumption. For any one day, 
when the mean temperature is less than a reference temperature, 
typically 65 deg.F, there are as many degree-days as degrees Fahrenheit 
temperature difference between the mean temperature for the day and the 
reference temperature. Annual heating degree days (HDD) are the sum of 
the degree-days over a calendar year.
    Dwelling unit: a single housekeeping unit comprised of one or more 
rooms providing complete independent living facilities for one or more 
persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, 
cooking, and sanitation.
    Economizer, air: a ducting arrangement and automatic control system 
that allows a cooling supply fan system to supply outdoor (outside) air 
to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration during 
mild or cold weather.
    Economizer, water: a system by which the supply air of a cooling 
system is cooled directly or indirectly or both by evaporation of water 
or by other appropriate fluid in order to reduce or eliminate the need 
for mechanical refrigeration.
    Efficiency, HVAC system: the ratio of the useful energy output, at 
the point of use to the energy input in consistent units, for a 
designated time period, expressed in percent.
    Emergency system (back-up system): a system that exists for the 
purpose of operating in the event of failure of a primary system.
    Emergency use: electrical and lighting systems required to supply 
power automatically for illumination and equipment in the event of a 
failure of the normal power supply.
    Energy efficiency ratio (EER): the ratio of net equipment cooling 
capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under 
designated operating conditions. When consistent units are used, this 
ratio becomes equal to COP. (See also ``coefficient of performance''.)
    Fan system energy demand: the sum of the demand of all fans that 
are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the 
heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it 
back to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
    Federal Agency: means any department, agency, corporation, or other 
entity or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal 
Government, including the United States Postal Service, the Federal 
National Mortgage Association, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage 
Corporation.
    Federal Building: means any building to be constructed by, or for 
the use of, any Federal Agency which is not legally subject to State or 
local building codes or similar requirements.
    Fenestration: any light-transmitting section in a building wall or 
roof. The fenestration includes glazing material (which may be glass or 
plastic), framing (mullions, muntins, and dividers), external shading 
devices, internal shading devices, and integral (between glass) shading 
devices.
    Fenestration area: the total area of fenestration measured using 
the rough opening and including the glass or plastic, sash, and frame. 
For doors where the glazed vision area is less than 50% of the door 
area, the fenestration area is glazed vision area. For all other doors, 
the fenestration area is the door area.
    Flue damper: a device, in the flue outlet or in the inlet of or 
upstream of the draft hood of an individual automatically operated gas-
fired appliance, which is designed to automatically open the flue 
outlet during appliance operation and to automatically close off the 
flue outlet when the appliance is in a standby condition.
    Gross floor area: the sum of the floor areas of the conditioned 
spaces within the building, including basements, mezzanine and 
intermediate-floor tiers, and penthouses of headroom height 7.5 ft or 
greater. It is measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or 
from the centerline of walls separating buildings (excluding covered 
walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces, pipe 
trenches, exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs, and 
similar features).
    Gross lighted area (GLA): the sum of the total lighted areas of a 
building measured from the inside of the perimeter walls for each floor 
of the building.
    Heat capacity (HC): the amount of heat necessary to raise the 
temperature of a given mass 1 deg.F. Numerically, the mass expressed 
per unit of wall surface multiplied by the specific heat Btu/
(ft\2\ deg.F).
    Heat trap: device or piping arrangement that effectively restricts 
the natural tendency of hot water to rise in vertical pipes during 
standby periods. Examples are the U-shaped arrangement of elbows or a 
360-degree loop of tubing.
    Heated space: an enclosed space within a building that is heated by 
a heating system whose output capacity
    (1) Exceeds 10 Btu/(hft\2\), or
    (2) Is capable of maintaining a space dry-bulb temperature of 
50 deg.F or more at design heating conditions.
    Heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF): the total heating 
output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for 
heating, in Btu, divided by the total electric energy input during the 
same period, in watt-hours.
    High rise residential building: hotels, motels, apartments, 
condominiums, dormitories, barracks, and other residential-type 
facilities that provide complete housekeeping or transient living 
quarters and are over three stories in height above grade.
    Humidistat: an automatic control device responsive to changes in 
humidity.
    HVAC system: the equipment, distribution network, and terminals 
that provide either collectively or individually the processes of 
heating, ventilating, or air conditioning to a building.
    Indirectly conditioned space: an enclosed space within the building 
that is not a heated or cooled space, whose area-weighted heat transfer 
coefficient to heated or cooled spaces exceeds that to the outdoors or 
to unconditioned spaces; or through which air from heated or cooled 
spaces is transferred at a rate exceeding three air changes per hour. 
(See also ``heated space'', ``cooled space'', and ``unconditioned 
space''.)
    Infiltration: the uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks 
and crevices

[[Page 60015]]

in any building element and around windows and doors of a building.
    Integrated part-load value (IPLV): a single-number figure of merit 
based on part-load EER or COP expressing part-load efficiency for air-
conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation 
at various load capacities for the equipment.
    Lumen maintenance control: a device that senses the illumination 
level and causes an increase or decrease of illuminance to maintain a 
preset illumination level.
    Manual: action requiring personal intervention for its control. As 
applied to an electric controller, manual control does not necessarily 
imply a manual controller but only that personal intervention is 
necessary. (See automatic.)
    Marked rating: the design load operating conditions of a device as 
shown by the manufacturer on the nameplate or otherwise marked on the 
device.
    Multi-family high rise residential: a residential building 
containing three or more dwelling units and is designed to be 3 or more 
stories above grade.
    Occupancy sensor: a device that detects the presence or absence of 
people within an area and causes any combination of lighting, 
equipment, or appliances to be adjusted accordingly.
    Opaque areas: all exposed areas of a building envelope that enclose 
conditioned space except fenestration areas and building service 
openings such as vents and grilles.
    Orientation: the directional placement of a building on a building 
site with reference to the building's longest horizontal axis or, if 
there is no longest horizontal axis, then with reference to the 
designated main entrance.
    Outdoor air: air taken from the exterior of the building that has 
not been previously circulated through the building. (See ``ventilation 
air'')
    Ozone depletion factor: a relative measure of the potency of 
chemicals in depleting stratospheric ozone. The ozone depletion factor 
potential depends upon the chlorine and the bromine content and 
atmospheric lifetime of the chemical. The depletion factor potential is 
normalized such that the factor for CFC-11 is set equal to unity and 
the factors for the other chemicals indicate their potential relative 
to CFC-11.
    Packaged terminal air conditioner (PTAC): a factory-selected wall 
sleeve and separate unencased combination of heating and cooling 
components, assemblies, or sections (intended for mounting through the 
wall to serve a single room or zone). It includes heating capability by 
hot water, steam, or electricity.
    Packaged terminal heat pump: a PTAC capable of using the 
refrigeration system in a reverse cycle or heat pump mode to provide 
heat.
    Plenum: an enclosure that is part of the air-handling system and is 
distinguished by having a very low air velocity. A plenum often is 
formed in part or in total by portions of the building.
    Private driveways, walkways, and parking lots: exterior transit 
areas that are associated with a commercial or residential building and 
intended for use solely by the employees or tenants and not by the 
general public.
    Process energy: energy consumed in support of a manufacturing, 
industrial, or commercial process other than the maintenance of comfort 
and amenities for the occupants of a building.
    Process load: the calculated or measured time-integrated load on a 
building resulting from the consumption or release of process energy.
    Programmable: capable of being preset to certain conditions and 
having self-initiation to change to those conditions.
    Projection factor: the exterior horizontal shading projection depth 
divided by the sum of the height of the fenestration and the distance 
from the top of the fenestration to the bottom of the external shading 
projection in units consistent with the projection depth.
    Prototype building: a generic building design of the same size and 
occupancy type as the proposed design that complies with the 
prescriptive requirements of subpart D of this part and has prescribed 
assumptions used to generate the energy budget concerning shape, 
orientation, and HVAC and other system designs.
    Public driveways, walkways, and parking lots: exterior transit 
areas that are intended for use by the general public.
    Public facility restroom: a restroom used by the transient public.
    Readily accessible: capable of being reached quickly for operation, 
renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is 
requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable 
ladders, chairs, etc. (See also accessible.)
    Recooling: lowering the temperature of air that has been previously 
heated by a heating system.
    Reference building: a specific building design that has the same 
form, orientation, and basic systems as the prospective design that is 
to be evaluated for compliance and meets all the criteria listed in 
subsection 501.2 or subsection 601.2.
    Reheating: raising the temperature of air that has been previously 
cooled either by refrigeration or an economizer system.
    Reset: adjustment of the controller setpoint to a higher or lower 
value automatically or manually.
    Roof: those portions of the building envelope, including all opaque 
surfaces, fenestration, doors, and hatches, that are above conditioned 
space and are horizontal or tilted at less than 60 deg. from 
horizontal. (See also''walls'')
    Room air conditioner: an encased assembly designed as a unit to be 
mounted in a window or through a wall or as a console. It is designed 
primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed 
space, room, or zone. It includes a prime source of refrigeration for 
cooling and dehumidification and means for circulating and cleaning air 
and may also include means for ventilating and heating.
    Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER): the total cooling output 
of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for 
cooling, in Btu, divided by the total electric energy input during the 
same period, in watt-hours.
    Service systems: all energy-using or energy-distributing components 
in a building that are operated to support the occupant or process 
functions housed therein (including HVAC, service water heating, 
illumination, transportation, cooking or food preparation, laundering, 
or similar functions).
    Service water heating: the supply of hot water for purposes other 
than comfort heating and process requirements.
    Shading coefficient (SC): the ratio of solar heat gain through 
fenestration under a specific set of conditions, with or without 
integral shading devices, to that occurring through unshaded \1/8\-in-
thick clear double-strength glass under the same conditions.
    Shell Building: a building for which the envelope is designed, 
constructed, or both prior to knowing the occupancy type. (See also 
``speculative building'')
    Single-Line Diagram: a simplified schematic drawing that shows the 
connection between two or more items. Common multiple connections are 
shown as one line.
    Skylight: glazing that is horizontal or tilted less than 60 deg. 
from horizontal.
    Solar energy source: natural daylighting or thermal, chemical, or 
electrical energy derived from direct conversion of incident solar 
radiation at the building site.

[[Page 60016]]

    Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC): the ratio of the solar heat 
gain entering the space through the fenestration area to the incident 
solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar 
heat and absorbed solar radiation, which is then reradiated, conducted, 
or convected into the space. (See fenestration area)
    Speculative building: a building for which the envelope is 
designed, constructed, or both prior to the design of the lighting, 
HVAC systems, or both. A speculative building differs from a shell 
building in that the intended occupancy is known for the speculative 
building. (See also ``shell building'')
    System: a combination of equipment and/or controls, accessories, 
interconnecting means, and terminal elements by which energy is 
transformed so as to perform a specific function, such as HVAC, service 
water heating, or illumination.
    Tandem wiring: pairs of luminaries operating with lamps in each 
luminaire powered from a single ballast contained in one of the 
luminaires.
    Task lighting: lighting that provides illumination for specific 
functions and is directed to a specific surface or area.
    Task location: an area of the space where significant visual 
functions are performed and where lighting is required above and beyond 
that required for general ambient use.
    Terminal element: a device by which the transformed energy from a 
system is finally delivered. Examples include registers, diffusers, 
lighting fixtures, and faucets.
    Thermal conductance (C): the constant time rate of heat flow 
through the unit area of a body induced by a unit temperature 
difference between the surfaces, expressed in Btu/
(hft\2\ deg.F). It is the reciprocal of thermal 
resistance. (See ``thermal resistance'')
    Thermal mass: materials with mass heat capacity and surface area 
capable of affecting building loads by storing and releasing heat as 
the interior or exterior temperature and radiant conditions fluctuate. 
(See also ``heat capacity'' and ``wall heat capacity'')
    Thermal mass wall insulation position:
    (1) Exterior insulation position: a wall having all or nearly all 
of its mass exposed to the room air with the insulation on the exterior 
of that mass.
    (2) Integral insulation position: a wall having mass exposed to 
both room and outside (outside) air with substantially equal amounts of 
mass on the inside and outside of the insulation layer.
    (3) Interior insulation position: a wall not meeting either of the 
above definitions, particularly a wall having most of its mass external 
to an insulation layer.
    Thermal resistance (R): the reciprocal of thermal conductance 1/C, 
l/H, 1/U; expressed in (hft2. deg.F)/Btu.
    Thermal transmittance (U): the overall coefficient of heat transfer 
from air to air. It is the time rate of heat flow per unit area under 
steady conditions from the fluid on the warm side of the barrier to the 
fluid on the cold side, per unit temperature difference between the two 
fluids, expressed in Btu/(hft2. deg.F).
    Thermal transmittance, overall (Uo): the gross overall 
(area weighted average) coefficient of heat transfer from air to air 
for a gross area of the building envelope, Btu/
(hft2. deg.F). The Uo value applies to 
the combined effect of the time rate of heat flows through the various 
parallel paths, such as windows, doors, and opaque construction areas, 
composing the gross area of one or more building envelope components, 
such as walls, floors, and roof or ceiling.
    Thermostat: an automatic control device responsive to temperature.
    Unconditioned space: space within a building that is not a 
conditioned space. (See ``conditioned space'')
    Unitary cooling equipment: one or more factory-made assemblies that 
normally include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor, and a 
condenser combination (and may also include a heating function).
    Unitary heat pump: one or more factory-made assemblies that 
normally include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s), and 
outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heater exchanger, including means 
to provide both heating and cooling functions.
    Variable-air-volume (VAV) HVAC system: HVAC systems that control 
the dry-bulb temperature within a space by varying the volume of heated 
or cooled supply air to the space.
    Vent damper: a device intended for installation in the venting 
system, in the outlet of or downstream of the appliance draft hood, of 
an individual automatically operating gas-fired appliance, which is 
designed to automatically open the venting system when the appliance is 
in operation and to automatically close off the venting system when the 
appliance is in a standby or shutdown condition.
    Ventilation: the process of supplying or removing air by natural or 
mechanical means to or from any space. Such air may or may not have 
been conditioned.
    Ventilation air: that portion of supply air which comes from the 
outside, plus any recirculated air, to maintain the desired quality of 
air within a designated space. (See also ``outdoor air'')
    Visible light transmittance: the fraction of solar radiation in the 
visible light spectrum that passes through the fenestration (window, 
clerestory, or skylight).
    Walls: those portions of the building envelope enclosing 
conditioned space, including all opaque surfaces, fenestration, and 
doors, which are vertical or tilted at an angle of 60* from horizontal 
or greater. (See also ``roof'')
    Wall heat capacity: the sum of the products of the mass of each 
individual material in the wall per unit area of wall surface times its 
individual specific heat, expressed in Btu/(ft 
2 deg.F). (See'' thermal mass'')
    Window to wall ratio (WWR): the ratio of the wall fenestration area 
to the gross exterior wall area.
    Zone: a space or group of spaces within a building with any 
combination of heating, cooling, or lighting requirements sufficiently 
similar so that desired conditions can be maintained throughout by a 
single controlling device.

Subpart C--Design Conditions


Sec. 434.301  Design criteria.

    301.1  The following design parameters shall be used for 
calculations required under subpart D of this part.
    301.1.1  Exterior Design Conditions. Exterior Design Conditions 
shall be expressed in accordance with Table 301.1.

                Table 301.1.--Exterior Design Conditions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              emsp;                      emsp;               emsp;
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Winter Design Dry-Bulb (99%)....  ..................  Degrees F.
Summer Design Dry-Bulb (2.5%)...  ..................  Degrees F.
Mean Coincident Wet-Bulb (2.5%).  ..................  Degrees F.
Degree-Days, Heating (Base 65)..  ..................  HDD Base 65 deg.
                                                       F.
Degree-Days, Cooling (Base 65)..  ..................  CDD Base 65 deg.F.

[[Page 60017]]

 
Annual Operting Hours, 8 a.m. to  ..................  Hours.
 4 p.m. when 55 deg.FT69 deg.F.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[The exterior design conditions shall be added to Table 301.1 from the
  city-specific Shading Coefficient table from Appendix A of RS-1
  (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  434.701). Copies of specific
  tables contained in Appendix A of RS-1 (incorporated by reference, see
  Sec.  434.701). can be obtained from the Energy Code for Federal
  Commercial Buildings, Docket No. EE-RM-79-112-C, EE-43, Office of
  Building Research and Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J-
  018, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586-
  9127. Adjustments may be made to reflect local climates which differ
  from the tabulated temperatures or local weather experience as
  determined by the building official. Where local building site
  climatic data are not available, climate data from a nearby location
  included in RS-1, Appendix C, (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
  434.701) and RS-4 Chapter 24, Table 1, (incorporated by reference, see
  Sec.  434.701) shall be used as determined by the building official.]

    301.2 Indoor Design Conditions. Indoor design temperature and 
humidity conditions shall be in accordance with the comfort criteria in 
RS-2 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701), except that 
humidification and dehumidification are not required.

Subpart D--Building Design Requirements--Electric Systems and 
Equipment


Sec. 434.401  Electrical power and lighting systems.

    Electrical power and lighting systems, other than those systems or 
portions thereof required for emergency use only, shall meet these 
requirements.
    401.1  Electrical Distribution Systems.
    401.1.1  Check Metering. Single-tenant buildings with a service 
over 250 kVA and tenant spaces with a connected load over 100 kVA in 
multiple-tenant buildings shall have provisions for check metering of 
electrical consumption. The electrical power feeders for which 
provision for check metering is required shall be subdivided as 
follows:
    401.1.1.1  Lighting and receptacle outlets
    401.1.1.2  HVAC systems and equipment
    401.1.1.3  Service water heating (SWH), elevators, and special 
occupant equipment or systems of more than 20 kW.
    401.1.1.4  Exception to 401.1.1.1 through 401.1.1.3: 10 percent or 
less of the loads on a feeder may be from another usage or category.
    401.1.2  Tenant-shared HVAC and service hot water systems in 
multiple tenant buildings shall have provision to be separately check 
metered.
    401.1.3  Subdivided feeders shall contain provisions for portable 
or permanent check metering. The minimum acceptable arrangement for 
compliance shall provide a safe method for access by qualified persons 
to the enclosures through which feeder conductors pass and provide 
sufficient space to attach clamp-on or split core current transformers. 
These enclosures may be separate compartments or combined spaces with 
electrical cabinets serving another function. Dedicated enclosures so 
furnished shall be identified as to measuring function available.
    401.1.4  Electrical Schematic. The person responsible for 
installing the electrical distribution system shall provide the Federal 
building manager a single-line diagram of the record drawing for the 
electrical distribution system, which includes the location of check 
metering access, schematic diagrams of non-HVAC electrical control 
systems, and electrical equipment manufacturer's operating and 
maintenance literature.
    401.2  Electric Motors. All permanently wired polyphase motors of 1 
hp or more shall meet these requirements:
    401.2.1  Efficiency. NEMA design A & B squirrel-cage, foot-mounted, 
T-frame induction motors having synchronous speeds of 3600, 1800, 1200, 
and 900 rpm, expected to operate more than 1000 hours per year shall 
have a nominal full-load efficiency no less than that shown in Table 
401.2.1 or shall be classified as an ``energy efficient motor'' in 
accordance with RS-3 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701). The 
following are not covered:
    (a) Multispeed motors used in systems designed to use more than one 
speed.
    (b) Motors used as a component of the equipment meeting the minimum 
equipment efficiency requirements of subsection 403, provided that the 
motor input is included when determining the equipment efficiency.

 Table 401.2.1.--Minimum Acceptable Nominal Full-Load Efficiency for Single-Speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Having Synchronous Speeds of
                                                            3600, 1800, 1200 and 900 rpm \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           2-Pole                    4-Pole                    6-Pole                    8-Pole
                                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       HP                           Nominal      Minimum      Nominal      Minimum      Nominal      Minimum      Nominal      Minimum
                                                   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Full-Load Efficiencies--Open Motors
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0.............................................  ...........  ...........         82.5         81.5         80.0         78.5         74.0         72.0
1.5.............................................         82.5         81.5         84.0         82.5         84.0         82.5         75.5         74.0
2.0.............................................         84.0         82.5         84.0         82.5         85.5         84.0         85.5         84.0
3.0.............................................         84.0         82.5         86.5         85.5         86.5         85.5         86.5         85.5
5.0.............................................         85.5         84.0         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.0
7.5.............................................         87.5         86.5         88.5         87.5         88.5         87.5         88.5         87.5
10.0............................................         88.5         87.5         89.5         88.5         90.2         89.5         89.5         88.5
15.0............................................         89.5         88.5         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5         89.5         88.5
20.0............................................         90.2         89.5         91.0         90.2         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5
25.0............................................         91.0         90.2         91.7         91.0         91.7         91.0         90.2         89.5
30.0............................................         91.0         90.2         92.4         91.7         92.4         91.7         91.7         90.2
40.0............................................         91.7         91.0         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.0         90.2
50.0............................................         92.4         91.7         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.7         91.0
60.0............................................         93.0         92.4         93.6         93.0         93.6         93.0         92.4         91.7
75.0............................................         93.0         92.4         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0         93.6         93.0

[[Page 60018]]

 
100.0...........................................         93.0         92.4         94.1         93.6         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0
125.0...........................................         93.6         93.0         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0
150.0...........................................         93.6         93.0         95.0         94.5         94.5         94.1         93.6         93.0
200.0...........................................         94.5         94.1         95.0         94.5         94.5         94.1         93.6         93.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Full-Load Efficiencies--Enclosed Motors
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0.............................................         75.5         74.5         82.5         81.5         80.0         78.5         74.0         72.0
1.5.............................................         82.5         81.5         84.0         82.5         85.5         84.0         77.0         75.5
2.0.............................................         84.0         82.5         84.5         82.5         86.5         85.5         82.5         81.5
3.0.............................................         85.5         84.0         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         84.0         82.5
5.0.............................................         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         85.5         84.0
7.5.............................................         88.5         87.5         89.5         88.5         89.5         88.5         85.5         84.0
10.0............................................         89.5         88.5         89.5         88.5         89.5         88.5         88.5         87.5
15.0............................................         90.2         89.5         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5         88.5         87.5
20.0............................................         90.2         89.5         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5         89.5         88.5
25.0............................................         91.0         90.2         92.4         91.7         91.7         91.0         89.5         88.5
30.0............................................         91.0         90.2         92.4         91.7         91.7         91.0         91.0         90.2
40.0............................................         91.7         91.0         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.0         90.2
50.0............................................         92.4         91.7         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.7         91.0
60.0............................................         93.0         92.4         93.6         93.0         93.6         93.0         91.7         91.0
75.0............................................         93.0         92.4         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0         93.0         92.4
100.0...........................................         93.6         93.0         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.6         93.0         92.4
125.0...........................................         94.5         94.1         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0
150.0...........................................         94.5         94.1         95.0         94.5         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.0
200.0...........................................         95.0         94.5         95.0         94.5         95.0         94.5         94.1        93.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For many applications, efficiencies greater than those listed are likely to be cost-effective. Guidance for evaluating the cost effectiveness of
  energy efficient motor applications is given in RS-43 and RS-44 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  434.701).

    401.3  Lighting Power Allowance. The lighting system shall meet the 
provisions of subsections 401.3.1 through 401.3.5.
    401.3.1  Building Exteriors. The total connected exterior lighting 
power for the building, or a facility containing multiple buildings, 
shall not exceed the total exterior lighting power allowance, which is 
the sum of the individual allowances determined from Table 401.3.1. The 
individual allowances are determined by multiplying the specific area 
or length of each area description times the allowance for that area. 
Exceptions are as follows: Lighting for outdoor manufacturing or 
processing facilities, commercial greenhouses, outdoor athletic 
facilities, public monuments, designated high-risk security areas, 
signs, retail storefronts, exterior enclosed display windows, and 
lighting specifically required by local ordinances and regulations.

            Table 401.3.1.--Exterior Lighting Power Allowance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Area description                         Allowance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exit (with or without canopy).............  25 W/lin ft of door opening.
Entrance (without canopy).................  30 W/lin ft of door opening.
Entrance (with canopy):
    High Traffic (retail, hotel, airport,   10 W/ft \2\ of canopied
     theater, etc.).                         area.
    Light Traffic (hospital, office,        4 W/ft \2\ of canopied area.
     school, etc.).
Loading area..............................  0.40 W/ft \2\.
Loading door..............................  20 W/lin ft of door opening.
Building exterior surfaces/facades........  0.25 W/ft \2\ of surface
                                             area to be illuminated.
Storage and non-manufacturing work areas..  0.20 W/ft \2\.
Other activity areas for casual use such    0.10 W/ft \2\.
 as picnic grounds, gardens, parks, and
 other landscaped areas.
Private driveways/walkways................  0.10 W/ft \2\.
Public driveways/walkways.................  0.15 W/ft \2\.
Private parking lots......................  0.12 W/ft \2\.
Public parking lots.......................  0.18 W/ft \2\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    401.3.1.1  Trade-offs of exterior lighting budgets among exterior 
areas shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting power of 
the exterior area does not exceed the exterior lighting power 
allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and 
exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.
    401.3.2  Building interiors. The total connected interior lighting 
power for a building, including adjustments in accordance with 
subsection 401.3.3, shall not exceed the total interior

[[Page 60019]]

lighting power allowance explained in this paragraph. Using Table 
401.3.2a, multiply the interior lighting power allowance value by the 
gross lighted area of the most appropriate building or space activity. 
For multi-use buildings, using Table 401.3.2a, select the interior 
power allowance value for each activity using the column for the gross 
lighted area of the whole building and multiply it by the associated 
gross area for that activity. The interior lighting power allowance is 
the sum of all the wattages for each area/activity. Using Table 
401.3.2b, c, or d, multiply the interior lighting power allowance 
values of each individual area/activity by the area of the space and by 
the area factor from Figure 401.3.2e, based on the most appropriate 
area/activity provided. The interior lighting power allowance is the 
sum of the wattages for each individual space. When over 20% of the 
building's tasks or interior areas are undefined, the most appropriate 
value for that building from Table 401.3.2a shall be used for the 
undefined spaces. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Lighting power that is an essential technical element for the 
function performed in theatrical, stage, broadcasting, and similar 
uses.
    (b) Specialized medical, dental, and research lighting.
    (c) Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums, and 
monuments.
    (d) Lighting solely for indoor plant growth (between the hours of 
10:00 pm and 6:00 am).
    (e) Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal 
building operation.
    (f) High-risk security areas.
    (g) Spaces specifically designed for the primary use by the 
physically impaired or aged.
    (h) Lighting in dwelling units.
    401.3.2.1  Trade-offs of the interior lighting power budgets among 
interior spaces shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting 
power within the building does not exceed the interior lighting power 
allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and 
exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.
    401.3.2.2  Building/Space Activities. Definitions of buildings/
space activity as they apply to Table 401.3.2a are as follows. These 
definitions are necessary to characterize the activities for which 
lighting is provided. They are applicable only to Table 401.3.2a. They 
are not intended to be used elsewhere in place of building use group 
definitions provided in the Building Code. They are not included in 
Sec. 434.201, ``Definitions,'' to avoid confusion with ``Occupancy Type 
Categories.''
    (a) Food service, fast food, and cafeteria: This group includes 
cafeterias, hamburger and sandwich stores, bakeries, ice cream parlors, 
cookie stores, and all other kinds of retail food service 
establishments in which customers are generally served at a counter and 
their direct selections are paid for and taken to a table or carried 
out.
    (b) Garages: This category includes all types of parking garages, 
except for service or repair areas.
    (c) Leisure dining and bar: This group includes cafes, diners, 
bars, lounges, and similar establishments where orders are placed with 
a wait person.
    (d) Mall concourse, multi-store service: This group includes the 
interior of multifunctional public spaces, such as shopping center 
malls, airports, resort concourses and malls, entertainment facilities, 
and related types of buildings or spaces.
    (e) Offices: This group includes all kinds of offices, including 
corporate and professional offices, office/laboratories, governmental 
offices, libraries, and similar facilities, where paperwork occurs.
    (f) Retail: A retail store, including departments for the sale of 
accessories, clothing, dry goods, electronics, and toys, and other 
types of establishments that display objects for direct selection and 
purchase by consumers. Direct selection means literally removing an 
item from display and carrying it to the checkout or pick-up at a 
customer service facility.
    (g) Schools: This category, subdivided by pre-school/elementary, 
junior high/high school, and technical/vocational, includes public and 
private educational institutions, for children or adults, and may also 
include community centers, college and university buildings, and 
business educational centers.
    (h) Service establishment: A retail-like facility, such as watch 
repair, real estate offices, auto and tire service facilities, parts 
departments, travel agencies and similar facilities, in which the 
customer obtains services rather than the direct selection of goods.
    (i) Warehouse and storage: This includes all types of support 
facilities, such as warehouses, barns, storage buildings, shipping/
receiving buildings, boiler or mechanical buildings, electric power 
buildings, and similar buildings where the primary visual task is large 
items.
401.3.2--Tables and Figures

                                               Table 401.3.2a.--Interior Lighting Power Allowance W/ft \2\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                       Gross lighted area of total building
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Building space activity 1                  0 to 2,000 ft     2,001 to        10,001 to       25,001 to       50,001 to
                                                                \2\        10,000 ft \2\   25,000 ft \2\   50,000 ft \2\  250,000 ft \2\  250,000 ft \2\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Food Service:
    Fast Food/Cafeteria.................................            1.50            1.38            1.34            1.32            1.31            1.30
    Leisure Dining/Bar..................................            2.20            1.91            1.71            1.56            1.46            1.40
Offices.................................................            1.90            1.81            1.72            1.65            1.57            1.50
Retail \3\..............................................            3.30            3.08            2.83            2.50            2.28            2.10
Mall Concourse Multi-store Service......................            1.60            1.58            1.52            1.46            1.43            1.40
Service Establishment...................................            2.70            2.37            2.08            1.92            1.80            1.70
Garages.................................................            0.30            0.28            0.24            0.22            0.21            0.20
Schools:
    Preschool/Elementary................................            1.80            1.80            1.72            1.65            1.57            1.50
    Jr. High/High School................................            1.90            1.90            1.88            1.83            1.76            1.70
    Technical/Vocational................................            2.40            2.33            2.17            2.01            1.84            1.70
Warehouse/Storage.......................................            0.80            0.66            0.56            0.48            0.43           0.40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ If at least 10% of the building area is intended for multiple space activities, such as parking, retail, and storage in an office building, then
  calculate for each separate building type/space activity.
\2\ The values in the categories are building wide allowances which include the listed activity and directly related facilities such as conference
  rooms, lobbies, corridors, restrooms, etc.
\3\ Includes general, merchandising, and display lighting.


[[Page 60020]]


         Table 401.3.2b.--Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Common area/activity \1\                     UPD W/ft
-----------------------------------------------------------------\2\----
Auditorium \2\.............................................          1.4
Corridor \3\...............................................          0.8
Classroom/Lecture Hall.....................................          2.0
Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Room:
    General \3\............................................          0.7
    Control Rooms \3\......................................          1.5
Food Service:
    Fast Food/Cafeteria....................................          1.3
    Leisure Dining \4\.....................................          1.4
    Bar/Lounge \4\.........................................          2.5
    Kitchen................................................          1.4
Recreation/Lounge..........................................          0.7
Stair:
    Active Traffic.........................................          0.6
    Emergency Exit.........................................          0.4
Toilet & Washroom..........................................          0.8
Garage:
    Auto & Pedestrian Circulation Area.....................          0.3
    Parking Area...........................................          0.2
Laboratory.................................................          2.2
Library:
    Audio Visual...........................................          1.1
    Stack Area.............................................          1.1
    Card File & Cataloging.................................          0.8
    Reading Area...........................................          1.1
Lobby (General):
    Reception & Waiting....................................          1.0
    Elevator Lobbies.......................................          0.4
Atrium (Multi-Story):
    First 3 Floors.........................................          0.7
    Each Additional Floor..................................          0.2
Locker Room & Shower.......................................          0.8
Office Category 1
Enclosed offices, all open plan offices w/o partitions or w/
 partitions \6\ lower than 4.5 ft below the ceiling. \5\
    Reading, Typing and Filing.............................          1.5
    Drafting...............................................          1.9
    Accounting.............................................          1.6
Office Category 2:
Open plan offices 900 ft \2\ or larger w/partitions
          1 3.5 to 4.5 ft below the ceiling................
Offices less than 900 ft2 shall use category 1 \3\
    Reading, Typing and Filing.............................          1.5
    Drafting...............................................          2.0
    Accounting.............................................          1.8
Office Category 3:
Open plan offices 900 ft \2\ or larger w/partitions \6\
 higher than 3.5 ft below the ceiling.
Offices less than 900 ft /2 shall use category 1. \3\
    Reading, Typing and Filing.............................          1.7
    Drafting...............................................          2.3
    Accounting.............................................          1.9
Common Activity Areas
    Conference/Meeting Room \2\............................          1.3
Computer/Office Equipment..................................          1.1
    Filing, Inactive.......................................          1.0
    Mail Room..............................................          1.8
Shop (Non-Industrial):
    Machinery..............................................          2.5
    Electrical/Electronic..................................          2.5
    Painting...............................................          1.6
    Carpentry..............................................          2.3
    Welding................................................          1.2
Storage and Warehouse;
    Inactive Storage.......................................          0.2
    Active Storage, Bulky..................................          0.3
    Active Storage, Fine...................................          0.9
    Material Handling......................................          1.0
Unlisted Space.............................................         0.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous
  activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.
\2\ A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function
  spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is
  installed that has installed power  33% of the adjusted
  lighting power for that space.
\3\ Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaced.
\4\ UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purposes.

[[Page 60021]]

 
\5\ Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.
\6\ Not less than 90 percent of all work stations shall be individually
  enclosed with partitions of at least the height described.


         Table 401.3.2c.--Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Specific building area/activity \1\                UPD W/ft
-----------------------------------------------------------------\2\----
Airport, Bus and Rail Station:
    Baggage Area...........................................          0.8
    Concourse/Main Thruway.................................          0.9
    Ticket Counter.........................................          2.0
    Waiting & Lounge Area..................................          0.8
Bank:
    Customer Area..........................................          1.0
    Banking Activity Area..................................          2.2
Barber & Beauty Parlor.....................................          1.6
Church, Synagogue, Chapel:
    Worship/Congregational.................................          1.7
    Preaching & Sermon/Choir...............................          1.8
Dormitory:
    Bedroom................................................          1.0
    Bedroom w/Study........................................          1.3
    Study Hall.............................................          1.2
Fire & Police Department:
    Fire Engine Room.......................................          0.7
    Jail Cell..............................................          0.8
Hospital/Nursing Home:
    Corridor \3\...........................................          1.3
    Dental Suite/Examination/Treatment.....................          1.6
    Emergency..............................................          2.0
    Laboratory.............................................          1.7
    Lounge/Waiting Room....................................          0.9
    Medical Supplies.......................................          2.4
    Nursery................................................          1.6
    Nurse Station..........................................          1.8
    Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy..................          1.4
    Patient Room...........................................          1.2
    Pharmacy...............................................          1.5
    Radiology..............................................          1.8
Surgical & Obstetrics Suites:
    General Area...........................................          1.8
    Operating Room.........................................          6.0
    Recovery...............................................          2.0
Hotel/Conference Center:
    Banquet Room/Multipurpose \2\..........................          1.7
    Bathroom/Powder Room...................................          1.2
    Guest Room.............................................          0.9
    Public Area............................................          1.0
    Exhibition Hall........................................          1.8
    Conference/Meeting \2\.................................          1.5
    Lobby..................................................          1.5
    Reception Desk.........................................          2.4
Laundry:
    Washing................................................          0.9
    Ironing & Sorting......................................          1.3
Museum & Gallery:
    General Exhibition.....................................          1.9
    Inspection/Restoration.................................          3.0
Storage (Artifacts):
    Inactive...............................................          0.6
    Active.................................................          0.7
Post Office:
    Lobby..................................................          1.1
    Sorting & Mailing......................................          2.1
Service Station/Auto Repair................................          0.8
Theater:
    Performance Arts.......................................          1.3
    Motion Picture.........................................          1.0
    Lobby..................................................          1.3
Retail Establishments--Merchandising & Circulation Area
 (Applicable to all lighting, including accent and display
 lighting, installed in merchandising and circulation
 areas):
    Type 1: Jewelry merchandising, where minute examination          5.6
     of displayed merchandise is critical..................
    Type 2: Fine merchandising, such as fine apparel and             2.9
     accessories, china, crystal, and silver art galleries
     and where the detailed display and examination of
     merchandising is important............................
    Type 3: Mass merchandising, such as general apparel,             2.7
     variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods,
     hobby materials, cameras, gifts, and luggage,
     displayed in a warehouse type of building, where
     focused display and detailed examination of
     merchandise is important..............................

[[Page 60022]]

 
    Type 4: General merchandising, such as general apparel,          2.3
     variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods,
     hobby materials, cameras, gifts, and luggage,
     displayed in a department store type of building,
     where general display and examination of merchandise
     is adequate...........................................
    Type 5: Food and miscellaneous such as bakeries,                 2.4
     hardware and housewares, grocery stores, appliance and
     furniture stores, where pleasant appearance is
     important.............................................
    Type 6: Service establishments, where functional                 2.6
     performance is important..............................
Mall Concourse.............................................          1.4
Retail Support Areas.......................................          2.1
    Tailoring..............................................          1.1
    Dressing/Fitting Rooms.................................  ...........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous
  activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.
\2\ A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function
  spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is
  installed that has installed power  33% of the adjusted
  lighting power for that space.
\3\ Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.


         Table 401.3.2d.--Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Indoor athletic area/activity1 2                 UPD W/ft
-----------------------------------------------------------------\2\----
Seating Area, All Sports...................................          0.4
Badminton:
    Club...................................................          0.5
    Tournament.............................................          0.8
Basketball/Volleyball:
    Intramural.............................................          0.8
    College................................................          1.3
    Professional...........................................          1.9
Bowling:
    Approach Area..........................................          0.5
    Lanes..................................................          1.1
Boxing or Wrestling (platform):
    Amateur................................................          2.4
    Professional...........................................          4.8
Gymnasium:
    General Exercising and Recreation Only.................          1.0
Handball/Racquetball/Squash:
    Club...................................................          1.3
    Tournament.............................................          2.6
Hockey, Ice:
    Amateur................................................          1.3
    College or Professional................................          2.6
Skating Rink:
    Recreational...........................................          0.6
    Exhibition/Professional................................          2.6
Swimming:
    Recreational...........................................          0.9
    Exhibition.............................................          1.5
    Underwater.............................................          1.0
Tennis:
    Recreational (Class III)...............................          1.3
    Club/College (Class II)................................          1.9
    Professional (Class I).................................          2.6
Tennis, Table:
    Club...................................................          1.0
    Tournament.............................................         1.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaces.
\2\ Consider as 10 ft. beyond playing boundaries but less than or equal
  to the total floor area of the sports space minus spectator seating
  area.

Figure 401.3.2e--Area Factor Formula
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.018

Area Factor Formula:

Area Factor (AF) = 0.2 + 0.8(1/0.9n)

Where:

AF = area factor,
CH = ceiling height (ft),
Ar = space area (ft\2\).

If AF 1.0 use 1.0; if AF >1.8 use 1.8

    401.3.3  Lighting Power Control Credits. The interior connected 
lighting power determined in accordance with Sec. 434.401.3.2 can be 
decreased for luminaries that are automatically controlled for 
occupancy, daylight, lumen maintenance, or programmable timing. The 
adjusted interior connected lighting power shall be determined by 
subtracting the sum of all lighting power control credits from the 
interior connected lighting power. Using Table 401.3.3, the lighting 
power control credit equals the power adjustment factor times the 
connected lighting power of the controlled lighting. The

[[Page 60023]]

lighting power adjustment shall be applied with the following 
limitations:
    (a) It is limited to the specific area controlled by the automatic 
control device.
    (b) Only one lighting power adjustment may be used for each 
building space or luminaire, and 50 percent or more of the controlled 
luminaire shall be within the applicable space.
    (c) Controls shall be installed in series with the lights and in 
series with all manual switching devices.
    (d) When sufficient daylight is available, daylight sensing 
controls shall be capable of reducing electrical power consumption for 
lighting (continuously or in steps) to 50 percent or less of maximum 
power consumption.
    (e) Daylight sensing controls shall control all luminaires to which 
the adjustment is applied and that direct a minimum of 50 percent of 
their light output into the daylight zone.
    (f) Programmable timing controls shall be able to program different 
schedules for occupied and unoccupied days, be readily accessible for 
temporary override with automatic return to the original schedule, and 
keep time during power outages for at least four hours.

            Table 401.3.3.--Lighting Power Adjustment Factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Automatic control devices                       PAF
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Daylight Sensing controls (DS), continuous dimming.....         0.30
(2) DS, multiple step dimming..............................         0.20
(3) DS, ON/OFF.............................................         0.10
(4) DS continuous dimming and programmable timing..........         0.35
(5) DS multiple step dimming and programmable timing.......         0.25
(6) DS ON/OFF and programmable timing......................         0.15
(7) DS continuous dimming, programmable timing, and lumen           0.40
 maintenance...............................................
(8) DS multiple step dimming, programmable timing, and              0.30
 lumen maintenance.........................................
(9) DS ON/OFF, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance..         0.20
(10) Lumen maintenance control.............................         0.10
(11) Lumen maintenance and programmable timing control.....         0.15
(12) Programmable timing control...........................         0.15
(13) Occupancy sensor (OS).................................         0.30
(14) OS and DS, continuous dimming.........................         0.40
(15) OS and DS, multiple-step dimming......................         0.35
(16) OS and DS, ON/OFF.....................................         0.35
(17) OS, DS continuous dimming, and lumen maintenance......         0.45
(18) OS, DS multiple-step dimming and lumen maintenance....         0.40
(19) OS, DS ON/OFF, and lumen maintenance..................         0.35
(20) OS and lumen maintenance..............................         0.35
(21) OS and programmable timing control....................         0.35
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    401.3.4  Lighting controls.
    401.3.4.1  Type of Lighting Controls. All lighting systems shall 
have controls, with the exception of emergency use or exit lighting.
    401.3.4.2  Number of Manual Controls. Spaces enclosed by walls or 
ceiling-high partitions shall have a minimum of one manual control (on/
off switch) for lighting in that space. Additional manual controls 
shall be provided for each task location or for each group of task 
locations within an area of 450 ft\2\ or less. For spaces with only one 
lighting fixture or with a single ballast, one manual control is 
required. Exceptions are as follows:
    401.3.4.2.1  Continuous lighting for security;
    401.3.4.2.2  Systems in which occupancy sensors, local programmable 
timers, or three-level (including OFF) step controls or preset dimming 
controls are substituted for manual controls at the rate of one for 
every two required manual controls, providing at least one control is 
installed for every 1500 watts of power.
    401.3.4.2.3  Systems in which four-level (including OFF) step 
controls or preset dimming controls or automatic or continuous dimming 
controls are substituted for manual controls at a rate of one for every 
three required manual controls, providing at least one control is 
installed for every 1500 watts of power.
    401.3.4.2.4  Spaces that must be used as a whole, such as public 
lobbies, retail stores, warehouses, and storerooms.
    401.3.4.3  Multiple Location Controls. Manual controls that operate 
the same load from multiple locations must be counted as one manual 
control.
    401.3.4.4  Control Accessibility. Lighting controls shall be 
readily accessible from within the space controlled. Exceptions are as 
follows: Controls for spaces that are to be used as a whole, automatic 
controls, programmable controls, controls requiring trained operators, 
and controls for safety hazards and security.
    401.3.4.5  Hotel and Motel Guest Room Control. Hotel and motel 
guest rooms and suites shall have at least one master switch at the 
main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures 
and switched receptacles excluding bathrooms. The following exception 
applies: Where switches are provided at the entry to each room of a 
multiple-room suite.
    401.3.4.6  Switching of Exterior Lighting. Exterior lighting not 
intended for 24-hour use shall be automatically switched by either 
timer or photocell or a combination of timer and photocell. When used, 
timers shall be capable of seven-day and seasonal daylight schedule 
adjustment and have power backup for at least four hours.
    401.3.5  Ballasts.
    401.3.5.1  Tandem Wiring. One-lamp or three-lamp fluorescent 
luminaries that are recess mounted within 10 ft center-to-center of 
each other, or pendant mounted, or surface mounted within 1 ft of each 
other, and within the same room, shall be tandem wired, unless three-
lamp ballasts are used.
    401.3.5.2  Power Factor. All ballasts shall have a power factor of 
at least 90%, with the exception of dimming ballasts, and ballasts for 
circline and compact fluorescent lamps and low wattage high intensity 
discharge (HID) lamps not over 100 W.


434.402  Building envelope assemblies and materials.

    The building envelope and its associated assemblies and materials 
shall meet the provisions of this section.

[[Page 60024]]

    402.1  Calculations and Supporting Information.
    402.1.1  Material Properties. Information on thermal properties, 
building envelope system performance, and component heat transfer shall 
be obtained from RS-4. When the information is not available from RS-4, 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) the data shall be 
obtained from manufacturer's information or laboratory or field test 
measurements using RS-5, RS-6, RS-7, or RS-8 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec. 434.701).
    402.1.1.1  The shading coefficient (SC) for fenestration shall be 
obtained from RS-4 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) or 
from manufacturer's test data. The shading coefficient of the 
fenestration, including both internal and external shading devices, is 
SCX and excludes the effect of external shading projections, 
which are calculated separately. The shading coefficient used for 
louvered shade screens shall be determined using a profile angle of 30 
degrees as found in Table 41, Chapter 27 of RS-4 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec. 434.701).
    402.1.2  Thermal Performance Calculations. The overall thermal 
transmittance of the building envelope shall be calculated in 
accordance with Equation 402.1.2:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.022

Where:

Uo = the area-weighted average thermal transmittance of the 
gross area of the building envelope; i.e., the exterior wall assembly 
including fenestration and doors, the roof and ceiling assembly, and 
the floor assembly, Btu/(hft\2\ deg.F)
Ao =the gross area of the building envelope, ft\2\
Ui =the thermal transmittance of each individual path of the 
building envelope, i.e., the opaque portion or the fenestration, Btu/
(hft\2\ deg.F)
Ui =1/Ri (where Ri is the total 
resistance to heat flow of an individual path through the building 
envelope)
Ai =the area of each individual element of the building 
envelope, ft\2\

    The thermal transmittance of each component of the building 
envelope shall be determined with due consideration of all major series 
and parallel heat flow paths through the elements of the component and 
film coefficients and shall account for any compression of insulation. 
The thermal transmittance of opaque elements of assemblies shall be 
determined using a series path procedure with corrections for the 
presence of parallel paths within an element of the envelope assembly 
(such as wall cavities with parallel paths through insulation and 
studs). The thermal performance of adjacent ground in below-grade 
applications shall be excluded from all thermal calculations.
    402.1.2.1  Envelope Assemblies Containing Metal Framing. The 
thermal transmittance of the envelope assembly containing metal framing 
shall be determined from one of three methods:
    (a) Laboratory or field test measurements based on RS-5, RS-6, RS-
7, or RS-8 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701).
    (b) The zone method described in Chapter 22 of RS-4 (incorporated 
by reference, see Sec. 434.701) and the formulas on page 22.10.
    (c) For metal roof trusses or metal studs covered by Tables 
402.1.2.1a and b, the total resistance of the series path shall be 
calculated in accordance with the following Equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.023

Where:

Rt=the total resistance of the envelope assembly
Ri=the resistance of the series elements (for i = 1 to n) 
excluding the parallel path element(s)
Re=the equivalent resistance of the element containing the 
parallel path (R-value of insulation  x  Fc). Values for 
Fc and equivalent resistances shall be taken from Tables 
402.1.2.1a or b.

 Table 402.1.2.1a.--Parallel Path Correction Factors--Metal Roof Trusses
       Spaced 4 ft. o.c. or Greater That Penetrate the Insulation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Equivalent
      Effective framing cavity R-values        Correction    resistance
                                                factor Fc       Re 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
R-0.........................................          1.00           R-0
R-5.........................................          0.96         R-4.8
R-10........................................          0.92         R-9.2
R-15........................................          0.88        R-13.2
R-20........................................          0.85        R-17.0
R-25........................................          0.81        R-20.3
R-30........................................          0.79        R-23.7
R-35........................................          0.76        R-26.6
R-40........................................          0.73        R-29.2
R-45........................................          0.71        R-32.0
R-50........................................          0.69        R-34.5
R-55........................................          0.67       R-36.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Based on 0.66-inch-diameter cross members every one foot.


      Table 402.1.2.1b.--Parallel Path Correction Factors--Metal Framed Walls With Studs 16 Ga. or Lighter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                     Equivalent
           Size of members             Spacing of  framing,    Cavity  insulation R-   Correction    resistance
                                                in.                    Value            factor Fc        Re
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  x  4.............................  16 O.C.                 R-11                            0.50         R-5.5
                                                              R-13                            0.46         R-6.0
                                                              R-15                            0.43         R-6.4
2  x  4.............................  24 O.C.                 R-11                            0.60         R-6.6
                                                              R-13                            0.55         R-7.2
                                                              R-15                            0.52         R-7.8
2  x  6.............................  16 O.C.                 R-19                            0.37         R-7.1
                                                              R-21                            0.35         R-7.4
2  x  6.............................  24 O.C.                 R-19                            0.45         R-8.6
                                                              R-21                            0.43         R-9.0
2  x  8.............................  16 O.C.                 R-25                            0.31         R-7.8
2  x  8.............................  24 O.C.                 R-25                            0.38         R-9.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 60025]]

    402.1.2.2  Envelope Assemblies Containing Nonmetal Framing. The 
thermal transmittance of the envelope assembly shall be determined from 
laboratory or field test measurements based on RS-5, RS-6, RS-7, or RS-
8 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) or from the series-
parallel (isothermal planes) method provided in page 23.2 of Chapter 23 
of RS-4 (incorporated be reference, see Sec. 434.701).
    402.1.2.3  Metal Buildings. For elements with internal metallic 
structures bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or covering, the 
calculation procedure specified in RS-9 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec. 434.701) shall be used.
    402.1.2.4  Fenestration Assemblies. Determine the overall thermal 
transmittance of fenestration assemblies in accordance with RS-18 and 
RS-19 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) or by calculation. 
Calculation of the overall thermal transmittance of fenestration 
assemblies shall consider the center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, and frame 
components.
    (a) The following equation 402.1.2.4a shall be used.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.024
    
Where:

Uof = the overall thermal transmittance of the fenestration 
assemblies, including the center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, and frame 
components, Btu/(hft2 deg.F)
i = numerical subscript (1, 2, . . .n) refers to each of the various 
fenestration types present in the wall
n = the number of fenestration assemblies in the wall assembly
Ucg = the thermal transmittance of the center-of-glass area, 
Btu/(hft2 deg.F)
Acg = the center of glass area, that is the overall visible 
glass area minus the edge-of-glass area, ft2
Ueg = the thermal transmittance of the edge of the visible 
glass area including the effects of spacers in multiple glazed units, 
Btu/(hft2 deg.F)
Aeg = the edge of the visible glass area, that is the 2.5 
in. perimeter band adjacent to the frame, ft2
Uf = the thermal transmittance of the frame area, Btu/
(hft2 deg.F)
Af = the frame area that is the overall area of the entire 
glazing product minus the center-of-glass area and minus the edge-of-
glass area, ft2

    (b) Values of Uof shall be based on one of the following 
methods:
    (1) Results from laboratory test of center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, 
and frame assemblies tested as a unit at winter conditions. One of the 
procedures in Section 8.3.2 of RS-1 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec. 434.701) shall be used.
    (2) Overall generic product C (commercial) in Table 13, Chapter 27, 
of the RS-4 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701). The generic 
product C in Table 13, Chapter 27, is based on a product of 24 
ft2. Larger units will produce lower U-values and thus it is 
recommended to use the calculation procedure detailed in Equation 
402.1.2.4a.
    (3) Calculations based on the actual area for center-of-glass, 
edge-of-glass, and frame assemblies and on the thermal transmittance of 
components derived from 402.1.2.4a, 402.1.2.4b or a combination of the 
two.
    402.1.3  Gross Areas of Envelope Components.
    402.1.3.1  Roof Assembly. The gross area of a roof assembly shall 
consist of the total surface of the roof assembly exposed to outside 
air or unconditioned spaces and is measured from the exterior faces of 
exterior walls and centerline of walls separating buildings. The roof 
assembly includes all roof or ceiling components through which heat may 
flow between indoor and outdoor environments, including skylight 
surfaces but excluding service openings. For thermal transmittance 
purposes when return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof or 
ceiling assembly shall not include the resistance of the ceiling or the 
plenum space as part of the total resistance of the assembly.
    402.1.3.2  Floor Assembly. The gross area of a floor assembly over 
outside or unconditioned spaces shall consist of the total surface of 
the floor assembly exposed to outside air or unconditioned space and is 
measured from the exterior face of exterior walls and centerline of 
walls separating buildings. The floor assembly shall include all floor 
components through which heat may flow between indoor and outdoor or 
unconditioned space environments.
    402.1.3.3  Wall Assembly. The gross area of exterior walls 
enclosing a heated or cooled space is measured on the exterior and 
consists of the opaque walls, including between-floor spandrels, 
peripheral edges of flooring, window areas (including sash), and door 
areas but excluding vents, grilles, and pipes.
    402.2  Air Leakage and Moisture Mitigation. The requirements of 
this section shall apply only to those building components that 
separate interior building conditioned space from the outdoors or from 
unconditioned space or crawl spaces. Compliance with the criteria for 
air leakage through building components shall be determined by tests 
conducted in accordance with RS-10 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec. 434.701).
    402.2.1  Air Barrier System. A barrier against leakage shall be 
installed to prevent the leakage of air through the

[[Page 60026]]

building envelope according to the following requirements:
    (a) The air barrier shall be continuous at all plumbing and heating 
penetrations of the building opaque wall.
    (b) The air barrier shall be sealed at all penetrations of the 
opaque building wall for electrical and telecommunications equipment.

           Table 402.2.1.--Air Leakage for Fenestration and Doors Maximum Allowable Infiltration Rate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                 cfm/lin ft Sash  crack or cfm/
                Component                          Reference  standard                    ft2  of area
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Fenestration
Aluminum:
    Operable.............................  RS-11*                              0.37 cfm/lin ft.
    Jalousie.............................  RS-11*                              1.50 cfm/ft2.
    Fixed................................  RS-11*                              0.15 cfm/ft2.
Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC):
    Prime Windows........................  RS-12*                              0.37 cfm/ft2.
Wood:
    Residential..........................  RS-13*                              0.37 cfm/ft2.
    Light Commercial.....................  RS-13*                              0.25 cfm/ft2.
    Heavy Commercial.....................  RS-13*                              0.15 cfm/ft2.
Sliding Glass Doors:
    Aluminum.............................  RS-11*                              0.37 cfm/ft2.
    PVC..................................  RS-12*                              0.37 cfm/lin ft.
Doors--Wood:
    Residential..........................  RS-14*                              0.34 cfm/ft2.
    Light Commercial.....................  RS-14*                              0.25 cfm/ft2.
    Heavy Commercial.....................  RS-14*                              0.10 cfm/ft2.
Commercial Entrance Doors................  RS-10*                              1.25 cfm/ft2.
Residential Swinging Doors...............  RS-10*                              0.50 cfm/ft2.
Wall Sections Aluminum...................  RS-10*                              0.06 cfm/ft2.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
 [The ``Maximum Allowable Infiltration Rates'' are from current standards to allow the use of available
  products.]
* Incorporated by reference, see Sec.  434.701.

    402.2.2  Building Envelope. The following areas of the building 
envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or weatherstripped to 
limit air leakage:
    (a) Intersections of the fenestration and door frames with the 
opaque wall sections.
    (b) Openings between walls and foundations, between walls and roof 
and wall panels.
    (c) Openings at penetrations of utility service through, roofs, 
walls, and floors.
    (d) Site built fenestration and doors.
    (e) All other openings in the building envelope.
    Exceptions are as follows: Outside air intakes, exhaust outlets, 
relief outlets, stair shaft, elevator shaft smoke relief openings, and 
other similar elements shall comply with subsection 403.
    402.2.2.1  Fenestration and Doors Fenestration and doors shall meet 
the requirements of Table 402.2.1.
    402.2.2.2  Building Assemblies Used as Ducts or Plenums. Building 
assemblies used as ducts or plenums shall be sealed, caulked, and 
gasketed to limit air leakage.
    402.2.2.3  Vestibules. A door that separates conditioned space from 
the exterior shall be equipped with an enclosed vestibule with all 
doors opening into and out of the vestibule equipped with self-closing 
devices. Vestibules shall be designed so that in passing through the 
vestibule, it is not necessary for the interior and exterior doors to 
open at the same time. Exceptions are as follows: Exterior doors need 
not be protected with a vestibule where:
    (a) The door is a revolving door.
    (b) The door is used primarily to facilitate vehicular movement or 
material handling.
    (c) The door is not intended to be used as a general entrance door.
    (d) The door opens directly from a dwelling unit.
    (e) The door opens directly from a retail space less than 2,000 
ft\2\ in area, or from a space less than 1,500 ft\2\ for other uses.
    (f) In buildings less than three stories in building height in 
regions that have less than 6,300 heating degree days base 65 deg.F.
    402.2.2.4  Compliance Testing. All buildings shall be tested after 
completion using the methodology in RS-11, (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec. 434.701) or an equivalent approved method to determine the 
envelope air leakage. A standard blower door test is an acceptable 
technique to pressurize the building if the building is 5,000 ft\2\ or 
less in area. The buildings's air handling system can be used to 
pressurize the building if the building is larger than 5,000 ft\2\. The 
following test conditions shall be:
    (a) The measured envelope air leakage shall not exceed 1.57 pounds 
per square foot of wall area at a pressure difference of 0.3 inches 
water.
    (b) At the time of testing, all windows and outside doors shall be 
installed and closed, all interior doors shall be open, and all air 
handlers and dampers shall be operable. The building shall be 
unoccupied.
    (c) During the testing period, the average wind speed during the 
test shall be less than 6.6 feet per second, the average outside 
temperature greater than 59 deg.F, and the average inside-outside 
temperature difference is less than 41 deg.F.
    402.2.2.5  Moisture Migration. The building envelope shall be 
designed to limit moisture migration that leads to deterioration in 
insulation or equipment performance as determined by the following 
construction practices:
    (a) A vapor retarder shall be installed to retard, or slow down the 
rate of water vapor diffusion through the building envelope. The 
position of the vapor retarder shall be determined taking into account 
local climate and indoor humidity levels. The methodologies presented 
in Chapter 20 of RS-4 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) 
shall be used to determine temperature and water vapor profiles

[[Page 60027]]

through the envelope systems to assess the potential for condensation 
within the envelope and to determine the position of the vapor retarder 
within the envelope system.
    (b) The vapor retarder shall be installed over the entire building 
envelope.
    (c) The perm rating requirements of the vapor retarder shall be 
determined using the methodologies contained in Chapter 20 of RS-4, 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) and shall take into 
account local climate and indoor humidity level. The vapor retarder 
shall have a performance rating of 1 perm or less.
    402.3  Thermal Performance Criteria.
    402.3.1  Roofs; Floors and Walls Adjacent to Unconditioned Spaces. 
The area weighted average thermal transmittance of roofs and also of 
floors and walls adjacent to unconditioned spaces shall not exceed the 
criteria in Table 402.3.1a. Exceptions are as follows: Skylights for 
which daylight credit is taken may be excluded from the calculations of 
the roof assembly Uor if all of the following conditions are 
met:
    (a) The opaque roof thermal transmittance is less than the criteria 
in Table 402.3.1b.
    (b) Skylight areas, including framing, as a percentage of the roof 
area do not exceed the values specified in Table 402.3.1b. The maximum 
skylight area from Table 402.3.1b may be increased by 50% if a shading 
device is used that blocks over 50% of the solar gain during the peak 
cooling design condition. For shell buildings, the permitted skylight 
area shall be based on a light level of 30 foot candles and a lighting 
power density (LPD) of less than 1.0 w/ft \2\. For speculative 
buildings, the permitted skylight area shall be based on the unit 
lighting power allowance from Table 401.3.2a and an illuminance level 
as follows: for LPD  1.0, use 30 footcandles; for 1.0  LPD  2.5, use 50 
footcandles; and for LPD  2.5, use 70 footcandles.
    (c) All electric lighting fixtures within daylighted zones under 
skylights are controlled by automatic daylighting controls.
    (d) The Uo of the skylight assembly including framing 
does not exceed____________Btu/(hft \2\ deg.F) [Use 
0.70 for  8000 HDD65 and 0.45 for >8000 HDD65 or both if the 
jurisdiction includes cities that are both below and above 8000 HDD65.]
    (e) Skylight curb U-value does not exceed 0.21 Btu/(hft 
\2\ deg.F).
    (f) The infiltration coefficient of the skylights does not exceed 
0.05 cfm/ft \2\.
    402.3.2  Below-Grade Walls and Slabs-on-Grade. The thermal 
resistance (R-value) of insulation for slabs-on-grade, or the overall 
thermal resistance of walls in contact with the earth, shall be equal 
to or greater than the values in Table 402.3.2.
    402.4  Exterior Walls. Exterior walls shall comply with either 
402.4.1 or 402.4.2.
    402.4.1  Prescriptive Criteria. (a) The exterior wall shall be 
designed in accordance with subsections 402.4.1.1 and 402.4.1.2. When 
the internal load density range is not known, the 0-1.50 W/ft \2\ range 
shall be used for residential, hotel/motel guest rooms, or warehouse 
occupancies; the 3.01-3.50 w/ft \2\ range shall be used for retail 
stores smaller than 2,000 ft \2\ and technical and vocational schools 
smaller than 10,000 ft \2\; and the 1.51-3.00 W/ft \2\ range shall be 
used for all other occupancies and building sizes. When the building 
envelope is designed or constructed prior to knowing the building 
occupancy type, an internal load density of ______ W/ft \2\ shall be 
used. [Use 3.0 W/ft \2\ for HDD65 3000, 2.25 W/ft \2\ for 3000  HDD65  
6000, and 1.5 W/ft \2\ for HDD65 > 6000.]
    (b) When more than one condition exists, area weighted averages 
shall be used. This requirement shall apply to all thermal 
transmittances, shading coefficients, projection factors, and internal 
load densities rounded to the same number of decimal places as shown in 
the respective table.
    402.4.1.1  Opaque Walls. The weighted average thermal transmittance 
(U-value) of opaque wall elements shall be less than the values in 
Table 402.4.1.1. For mass walls (HC  5), criteria are 
presented for low and high window/wall ratios and the criteria shall be 
determined by interpolating between these values for the window/wall 
ratio of the building.
    402.4.1.2  Fenestration. The design of the fenestration shall meet 
the criteria of Table 402.4.1.2. When the fenestration columns labeled 
``Perimeter Daylighting'' are used, automatic daylighting controls 
shall be installed in the perimeter daylighted zones of the building. 
These daylighting controls shall be capable of reducing electric 
lighting power to at least 50% of full power. Only those shading or 
lighting controls for perimeter daylighting that are shown on the plans 
shall be considered. The column labeled ``VLT > = SC'' shall be used 
only when the shading coefficient of the glass is less than its visible 
light transmittance.

Appendix A

    The example Alternate Component Package tables illustrate the 
requirements of subsections 434.301.1, 434.402.3.1, 434.402.3.2, 
434.402.4.1.1 and 434.402.4.1.2. Copies of specific tables contained 
in this Appendix A can be obtained from the Energy Code for Federal 
Commercial Buildings, Docket No. EE-RM-79-112-C, EE-43, Office of 
Building Research and Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J-
018, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586-
9127.

[[Page 60028]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.011

    402.4.2  System Performance Criteria. The cumulative annual energy 
flux attributable to thermal transmittance and solar gains shall be 
less than the criteria determined using the ENVSTD24 computer program 
in

[[Page 60029]]

Standard 90.1-1989, or the equations in RS-1, (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec. 434.701) Attachment 8-B. The cumulative annual 
energy flux shall be calculated using the ENVSTD24 computer program or 
the equations in RS-1, (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) 
Attachment 8-B.

                                Table 402.4.2.--EQUIP Default Values for ENVSTD24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                      Default
                                                                      Default         Default        adjusted
                            Occupancy                                equipment     occupant load     equipment
                                                                   power density   adjustment 1    power density
-------------------------------------------------------------------------1--------------------------------------
Assembly........................................................            0.25            0.75            1.00
Health/Institutional............................................            1.00           -0.26            0.74
Hotel/Motel.....................................................            0.25           -0.33            0.00
Warehouse/Storage...............................................            0.10           -0.60            0.00
Multi-Family High Rise..........................................            0.75             N/A            0.00
Office..........................................................            0.75           -0.35            0.40
Restaurant......................................................            0.10            0.07            0.17
Retail..........................................................            0.25           -0.38            0.00
School..........................................................            0.50            0.30           0.80
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Defaults as defined in Section 8.6.10.5, Table 8-4, and Sections 8.6.10.6 and 13.7.2.1, Table 13-2 from RS-1
  (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  434.701).

    402.4.2.1  Equipment Power Density (EQUIP). The equipment power 
density used in the ENVSTD24 computer program shall use the actual 
equipment power density from the building plans and specifications or 
be taken from Table 402.4.2 using the column titled ``Default Adjusted 
Equipment Power Density'' or calculated for the building using the 
procedures of RS-1. (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701). The 
program limits consideration of the equipment power density to a 
maximum of 1 W/ft 2.
    402.4.2.2  Lighting Power Density (LIGHTS). The lighting power 
density used in the ENVSTD24 computer program shall use the actual 
lighting power density from the building plans and specifications or 
the appropriate value from Tables 401.3.2a, b, c, or d.
    402.4.2.3  Daylighting Control Credit Fraction (DLCF). When the 
daylighting control credit fraction is other than zero, automatic 
daylighting controls shall be installed in the appropriate perimeter 
zones(s) of the building to justify the credit.


Sec. 434.403  Building mechanical systems and equipment.

    Mechanical systems and equipment used to provide heating, 
ventilating, and air conditioning functions as well as additional 
functions not related to space conditioning, such as, but not limited 
to, freeze protection in fire projection systems and water heating, 
shall meet the requirements of this section.
    403.1  Mechanical Equipment Efficiency. When equipment shown in 
Tables 403.1a through 403.1f is used, it shall have a minimum 
performance at the specified rating conditions when tested in 
accordance with the specified reference standard. The reference 
standards listed in Tables 403.1a through 403.1f are incorporated by 
reference, see Sec. 434.701. Omission of minimum performance 
requirements for equipment not listed in Tables 403.1a through 403.1f 
does not preclude use of such equipment.

     Table 403.1a.--Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency
                                                  Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Subcategory or         Minimum         Test  procedure
          Equipment type             Size category     rating condition     Efficiency \2\            \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Air Conditioners, Air Cooled...   65,000 Btu/h.....  Split system......  10.0 SEER.........  ARI 210/240
                                                      Single Package....  9.7 SEER..........  (RS-15)*
                                   65,000  Split System and    8.9 EER \3\.......  ARI 210/240
                                   Btu/h and  135,00.  Single Package.    8.3 IPLV \3\......  (RS-15)*
                                  Btu/h.............
                                           Split System and    8.5 EER\3\........  ..................
                                   135,000 Btu/h and   Single Package.    7.5 IPLV\3\.......
                                    240,000 Btu/h.
                                           Split System and    8.5 EER\3\........  ARI-340/360
                                   240,000 Btu/h and   Single Package.    7.5 IPLV\3\.......  (RS-16)*
                                    760,000 Btu/h.
                                           Split System and    8.3 EER\3\........  ARI-340/360
                                   760,000 Btu/h.      Package.           7.5 IPLV\3\.......  (RS-16)*
 Air Conditioners, Water and       65,000 Btu/h.....  Split System and    9.3 EER\3\........  ARI 210/240
 Evaporatively Cooled.                                 Single Package.    8.4 IPLV\3\.......  (RS-15)*
                                   65,000  Split System and    10.5 EER\c\.......  ARI 210/240
                                   Btu/h and           Single Package.    9.7 IPLV\c\.......  (RS-15)*
                                   135,000 Btu/h.
                                           Split System and    9.6 EER\c\........  ARI-340/360
                                   135,000 Btu/h and   Single Package.    9.0 IPLV\c\.......  (RS-16)*
                                    240,000 Btu/h.
                                           Split System and    9.6 EER\c\........  ARI-340/360
                                   240,000 Btu/h.      Single Package.    9.0 IPLV\c\.......  (RS-16)*
 Condensing Units, Air Cooled...  135,000 Btu/h.....  ..................  9.9 EER...........  ARI 365
                                                                          11.0 IPLV.........  (RS-29)*

[[Page 60030]]

 
 Condensing Units, Water or       135,000 Btu/h.....  ..................  12.9 EER..........  ARI 365
 Evaporatively Cooled.                                                    12.9 IPLV.........  (RS-29)*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See Subpart E for detailed references
\2\ IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
\3\ Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units that have a heating section.
* Incorporation by reference, see Sec.  434.701


      Table 403.1b.--Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Subcategory or    Minimum efficiency
         Equipment type              Size category     rating condition            2           Test procedure 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air Cooled (Cooling Mode).......  65,000 Btu/h......  Split System......  10.0 SEER.........  ARI 210/240
                                                      Single Package....  9.7 SEER..........  (RS-15)*
                                  65,000   Split System and    8.9 EER 3.........  ARI 210/240
                                   Btu/h and 135,000   Single Package.    8.3 IPLV 3........  (RS-15)*
                                   Btu/h.
                                  135,000  Split System and    8.5 EER 3.........  ARI-340/360
                                   Btu/h and 240,000   Single Package.    7.5 IPLV 3........  (RS-16)*
                                   Btu/h.
                                  240,000  Split System and    8.5 EER 3.........  ARI-340/360
                                   Btu/h.              Single Package.    7.5 IPLV 3........  (RS-16)*
Water Source....................  65,000 Btu/h......  85  deg.F Entering  9.3 EER...........  ARI-320
(Cooling Mode)..................                       Water.             10.2 EER..........  (RS-27)*
                                                      75  deg.F Entering
                                                       Water.
                                  65,000   85  deg.F Entering  10.5 EER..........  ARI-320
                                   Btu/h and 135,000.  Water.             11.0 EER..........  (RS-27)*
                                  Btu/h.............  75  deg.F Entering
                                                       Water.
Groundwater-Source (Cooling       135,000 Btu/h.....  70 F Entering       11.0 EER..........  ARI 325
 Mode).                                                Water.             11.5 EER..........  (RS-28)*
                                                      50 F Entering
                                                       Water.
Ground Source (Cooling Mode)....  135,000 Btu/h.....  77 F Entering       10.0 EER..........  ARI 325
                                                       Water.             10.4 EER..........  (RS-28)*
                                                      70 F Entering
                                                       Water.
Air Cooled (Heating Mode).......  65,000 Btu/h        Split System......  6.8 HSPF..........  ARI 210/240
                                   (Cooling           Single Package....  6.6 HSPF..........  (RS-15)*
                                   Capacity).
                                  65,000 Btu/h and    47 F db/43 F wb     3.00 COP..........  ARI 210/240
                                   135,000 Btu/h       Outdoor Air.       2.00 COP..........  (RS-15)*
                                   (Cooling           17 F db/15 F wb
                                   Capacity).          Outdoor Air.
                                  135,000 Btu/h       47 F db/43 F wb     2.90 COP..........  ARI-340/360
                                   (Cooling            Outdoor Air.       2.00 COP..........  (RS-1/)*
                                   Capacity).         17 F db/15 F wb
                                                       Outdoor.
Water-Source (Heating Mode).....  135,000 Btu/h       70 F Entering       3.80 COP..........  ARI-320
                                   (Cooling            Water.             3.90 COP..........  (RS-27)*
                                   Capacity).         75 F Entering
                                                       Water.
Groundwater-Source (Heating       135,000 Btu/h       70 F Entering       3.40 COP..........  ARI 325
 Mode).                            (Cooling            Water.             3.00 COP..........  (RS-28)*
                                   Capacity).         50 F Entering
                                                       Water.
Ground Source (Heating Mode)....  135,000 Btu/h       32 F Entering       2.50 EER..........  ARI-330
                                   (Cooling            Water.             2.70 EER..........  (RS-45)*
                                   Capacity).         41 F Entering
                                                       Water.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See Subpart E for detailed references.
\2\ IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
\3\ Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units that have a heating section.
* Incorporation by reference, see Sec.  434.701.


                     Table 403.1c.--Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Subcategory or    Minimum efficiency
         Equipment type              Size category     rating condition           \2\         Test procedure \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air-Cooled, With Condenser,       150 Tons..........  2.70 COP..........  2.50 COP..........  ARI 550
 Electrically Operated.           150      2.80 IPLV.........  2.50 IPLV.........   Centrifugal/
                                   Tons.                                                       Rotary Screw (RS-
                                                                                               30)* or ARI 590
                                                                                               Reciprocating (RS-
                                                                                               31)*
Air-Cooled, Without Condenser,    All Capacities....   .................  3.10 COP
 Electrically Operated.                                                   3.20 IPLV.........
Water Cooled, Electrically        All Capacities....  ..................  3.80 COP
 Operated, Positive Displacement                                          3.90 IPLV.........
 (Reciprocating).
Water Cooled, Electrically        150 Tons                                3.80 COP
 Operated, Positive Displacement  150       .................  3.90 IPLV.........
 (Rotary Screw and Scroll).        Tons and 300 Tons.                     4.20 COP..........
                                  300                          4.50 IPLV.........
                                   Tons.                                  5.20 COP..........
                                                                          5.30 IPLV.........

[[Page 60031]]

 
Water-Cooled, Electrically        150 Tons..........                      3.80 COP..........  ARI 550
 Operated, Centrifugal.           150 Tons and 300     .................  3.90 IPLV.........  (RS-30)*
                                   Tons.               .................  4.20 COP..........
                                  300 Tons..........                      4.50 IPLV.........
                                                                          5.20 COP..........
                                                                          5.30 IPLV.........
Absorption Single Effect........  All Capacities....  ..................  0.48 COP..........
Absorption Double Effect,         All Capacities....  ..................  0.95 COP..........  ARI 560
 Indirect-Fired.                                                          1.00 IPLV.........  (RS-46)*
Absorption Double-Effect, Direct- All Capacities....  ..................  0.95 COP
 Fired.                                                                   1.00 IPLV ........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See Subpart E for detailed references.
\2\ Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated.
*Incorporation by reference, see Sec.  434.701.


Table 403.1d.--Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room
                Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Subcategory or    Minimum efficiency
         Equipment type              Size category     rating condition           \2\         Test procedure \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PTAC (Cooling Mode).............  All Capacities....  95 deg.F db         10.0- (0.16  x      ARI 310/380
                                                       Outdoor Air.        Cap/1,000) \3\EER. (RS-17)*
                                                        ................  12.2-(0.20  x  Cap/ ARI 310/380
                                                      82 deg.F db          1,000) \3\EER.     (RS-17)*
                                                       Outdoor Air.
PTHP (Cooling Mode).............  All Capacities....  95 deg.F db         10.0-(0.16  x  Cap/
                                                       Outdoor Air.        1,000) \3\ EER.
                                                        ................  12.2-(0.20  x  Cap/
                                                      82 deg.F db          1,000) EER.
                                                       Outdoor Air.
PTHP (Heating Mode).............  All Capacities....  ..................  2.90-(0.026  x
                                                                           CAP/1,000) \3\
                                                                           COP.
Room Air Conditioners, With       6,000 Btu/h.......  ..................  8.0 EER...........  ANSI/AHAM RAC-1
 Louvered Sides.                  6,000                        8.5 EER...........  (RS-40)*
                                   Btu/h and 8,000                          ................
                                   Btu/h.                                 9.0 EER...........
                                  8,000                          ................
                                   Btu/h and                              8.8 EER...........
                                   lt;14,000 Btu/h.                         ................
                                  14,000                       8.2 EER...........
                                   Btu/h and 20,000
                                   Btu/h.
                                  20,000
                                   Btu/h.
Room Air Conditioner, Without     6,000 Btu/h.......  ..................  8.0 EER...........  ANSI/AHAM RAC-1
 Louvered Sides.                  6,000                        8.5 EER...........  (RS-40)*
                                   Btu/h and 20,000                         ................
                                   Btu/h.                                 8.2 EER...........
                                  20,000
                                   Btu/h.
Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps   All Capacities....  ..................  8.5 EER...........  ANSI/AHAM RAC-1
 With Louvered Sides.                                                                         (RS-40)*
Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps   All Capacities....  ..................  8.0 EER...........  ANSI/AHAM RAC-1
 Without Louvered Sides.                                                                      (RS-40*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See Subpart E for detailed references.
\2\ Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated. (Note products covered
  by the 1992 Energy Policy Act have no efficiency requirement for operation at other than standard rating
  conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94).
\3\ Cap means the rated capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use
  7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the
  calculation.
* Incorporation by reference, see Sec.  434.701.


    Table 403.1e.--Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct
                           Furnaces and Unit Heaters, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Subcategory or           Minimum
         Equipment type             Size category     rating condition     efficiency\b\,\e\   Test procedure\a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warm Air-Furnace, Gas-Fired....   225,000 Btu/h....  ..................  78% AFUE or 80% Et..  DOE 10 CFR 430
                                                                                               Appendix N
                                          Maximum Capacity c  80% Et..............  ANSI Z21.47
                                  225,000 Btu/h.     Minimum Capacityc.  78% Et..............  (RS-21)*
Warm Air-Furnace, Oil-Fired....   225,000 Btu/h....  ..................  78% AFUE or 80%       DOE 10 CFR 430
                                                                          Et\d\.               Appendix N
                                          Maximum Capacity c  81% Et..............  U.L. 727
                                  225,000 But/h.     Minimum Capacity..  81% Et..............  (RS-22)*

[[Page 60032]]

 
Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-     All Capacities....  Maximum Capacity c  78% Et..............  ANSI Z83.9
 Fired.                                              Minimum Capacity..  75% Et..............  (RS-23)
Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas       All Capacities....  Maximum Capacity c  78% Et..............  ANSI Z83.8
 Fired.                                              Minimum Capacity..  74% Et..............  (RS-24)*
Oil-Fired......................  All Capacities....  Maximum Capacity c  81% Et..............  U.L. 731
                                                     Minimum Capacity..  81% Et..............  (RS-25)*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ See Subpart E for detailed references.
\b\ Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.
\c\ Combination units not covered by NAECA (Three-phase power or cooling capacity  65,000 Btu/h) may
  comply with either rating.
\d\ Et = thermal efficiency. See referenced document for detailed discussion.
\e\ Ec = combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID and either power venting or a flue damper. For
  those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space, a vent damper may be substituted for
  a flue damper.
* Incorporation by reference, see Sec.  434.701


                    Table 403.1f--Boilers, Gas- and Oil-Fired, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Subcategory or    Minimum efficiency
         Equipment type              Size category     rating condition           \b\         Test procedure \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Boilers, Gas-Fired.............  300,000 Btu/h.....  Hot Water.........  80% AGUE..........  DOE 10 CFR 430
                                                                                              Appendix N
                                  ..................  Steam.............  75% AGUE..........  DOE 10 CFR 430
                                                                                              Appendix N
                                  300,000 Btu/h.....  Maximum Capacity c  80% Ec............  ANSI Z21.13
                                                      Minimum Capacity..  80% Ec............  (RS-32)*
Boilers, Oil-Fired..............   300,000 Btu/h....  ..................  80% AGUE..........  DOE 10 CFR 430
                                                                                              (RS-20)*
                                  300,000 Btu/h.....  Maximum Capacity c  83% Ec............  U.L. 726
                                                      Minimum Capacity..  83% Ec............  (RS-33)*
Oil-Fired (Residual)............  3000,000 Btu/h....  Maximum Capacity c  83% Ec............
                                                      Minimum Capacity..  83% Ec ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ See Subpart E for detailed references.
\b\ Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.
\c\ Ec = combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See reference document for detailed information.
* Incorporation by reference, see Sec. 434.701.

    403.1.1  Where multiple rating conditions and/or performance 
requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated 
requirements.
    403.1.2  Equipment used to provide water heating functions as part 
of a combination integrated system shall satisfy all stated 
requirements for the appropriate space heating or cooling category.
    403.1.3  The equipment efficiency shall be supported by data 
furnished by the manufacturer or shall be certified under a nationally 
recognized certification program or rating procedure.
    403.1.4  Where components, such as indoor or outdoor coils, from 
different manufacturers are used, the system designer shall specify 
component efficiencies whose combined efficiency meets the standards 
herein.
    403.2  HVAC Systems.
    403.2.1  Load Calculations. Heating and cooling system design loads 
for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in 
accordance with the procedures described in RS-1 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec. 434.701) using the design parameters specified in 
subpart C of this part.
    403.2.2  Equipment and System Sizing. Heating and cooling equipment 
and systems shall be sized to provide no more than the loads calculated 
in accordance with subsection 403.2.1. A single piece of equipment 
providing both heating and cooling must satisfy this provision for one 
function with the other function sized as small as possible to meet the 
load, within available equipment options. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) When the equipment selected is the smallest size needed to meet 
the load within available options of the desired equipment line.
    (b) Standby equipment provided with controls and devices that allow 
such equipment to operate automatically only when the primary equipment 
is not operating.
    (c) Multiple units of the same equipment type with combined 
capacities exceeding the design load and provided with controls that 
sequence or otherwise optimally control the operation of each unit 
based on load.
    403.2.3  Separate Air Distribution System. Zones with special 
process temperature and/or humidity requirements shall be served by air 
distribution systems separate from those serving zones requiring only 
comfort conditions or shall include supplementary provisions so that 
the primary systems may be specifically controlled for comfort purposes 
only. Exceptions: Zones requiring only comfort heating or comfort 
cooling that are served by a system primarily used for process 
temperature and humidity control need not be served by a separate 
system if the total supply air to these comfort zones is no more than 
25% of the total system supply air or the total conditioned floor area 
of the zones is less than 1000 ft2.
    403.2.4  Ventilation and Fan System Design. Ventilation systems 
shall be designed to be capable of reducing the supply of outdoor air 
to the minimum ventilation rates required by Section 6.1.3 of RS-41 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) through the use of return 
ducts, manually or

[[Page 60033]]

automatically operated control dampers, fan volume controls, or other 
devices. Exceptions are as follows: Minimum outdoor air rates may be 
greater if:
    (a) Required to make up air exhausted for source control of 
contaminants such as in a fume hood.
    (b) Required by process systems.
    (c) Required to maintain a slightly positive building pressure. For 
this purpose, minimum outside air intake may be increased up to no 
greater than 0.30 air changes per hour in excess of exhaust quantities.
    403.2.4.1  Ventilation controls for variable or high occupancy 
areas. Systems with design outside air capacities greater than 3,000 
cfm serving areas having an average design occupancy density exceeding 
100 people per 1,000 ft\2\ shall include means to automatically reduce 
outside air intake to the minimum values required by RS-41 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) during unoccupied or low-
occupancy periods. Outside air shall not be reduced below 0.14 cfm/
ft\2\. Outside air intake shall be controlled by one or more of the 
following:
    (a) A clearly labeled, readily accessible bypass timer that may be 
used by occupants or operating personnel to temporarily increase 
minimum outside air flow up to design levels.
    (b) A carbon dioxide (CO2) control system having sensors 
located in the spaces served, or in the return air from the spaces 
served, capable of maintaining space CO2 concentrations 
below levels recommended by the manufacturer, but no fewer than one 
sensor per 25,000 ft\2\ of occupied space shall be provided.
    (c) An automatic timeclock that can be programmed to maintain 
minimum outside air intake levels commensurate with scheduled occupancy 
levels.
    (d) Spaces equipped with occupancy sensors.
    403.2.4.2  Ventilation Controls for enclosed parking garages. 
Garage ventilation fan systems with a total design capacity greater 
than 30,000 cfm shall have automatic controls that stage fans or 
modulate fan volume as required to maintain carbon monoxide (CO) below 
levels recommended in RS-41.
    403.2.4.3  Ventilation and Fan Power. The fan system energy demand 
of each HVAC system at design conditions shall not exceed 0.8 W/cfm of 
supply air for constant air volume systems and 1.25 W/cfm of supply air 
for variable-air-volume (VAV) systems. Fan system energy demand shall 
not include the additional power required by air treatment or filtering 
systems with pressure drops over 1 in. w.c. Individual VAV fans with 
motors 75 hp and larger shall include controls and devices necessary 
for the fan motor to demand no more than 30 percent of design wattage 
at 50 percent of design air volume, based on manufacturer's test data. 
Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Systems with total fan system motor horsepower of 10 hp or 
less.
    (b) Unitary equipment for which the energy used by the fan is 
considered in the efficiency ratings of subsection 403.1.
    403.2.5  Pumping System Design. HVAC pumping systems used for 
comfort heating and/or comfort air conditioning that serve control 
valves designed to modulate or step open and closed as a function of 
load shall be designed for variable fluid flow and capable of reducing 
system flow to 50 percent of design flow or less. Exceptions are as 
follows:
    (a) Systems where a minimum flow greater than 50% of the design 
flow is required for the proper operation of equipment served by the 
system, such as chillers.
    (b) Systems that serve no more than one control valve.
    (c) Systems with a total pump system horse power 10 hp.
    (d) Systems that comply with subsection 403.2.6.8 without 
exception.
    403.2.6  Temperature and Humidity Controls.
    403.2.6.1  System Controls. Each heating and cooling system shall 
include at least one temperature control device.
    403.2.6.2  Zone Controls. The supply of heating and cooling energy 
to each zone shall be controlled by individual thermostatic controls 
responding to temperature within the zone. For the purposes of this 
section, a dwelling unit is considered a zone. Exceptions are as 
follows: Independent perimeter systems that are designed to offset 
building envelope heat losses or gains or both may serve one or more 
zones also served by an interior system when the perimeter system 
includes at least one thermostatic control zone for each building 
exposure having exterior walls facing only one orientation for at least 
50 contiguous ft and the perimeter system heating and cooling supply is 
controlled by thermostat(s) located within the zone(s) served by the 
system.
    403.2.6.3  Zone Thermostatic Control Capabilities. Where used to 
control comfort heating, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of 
being set locally or remotely by adjustment or selection of sensors 
down to 55 deg.F or lower. Where used to control comfort cooling, zone 
thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set locally or remotely 
by adjustment or selection of sensors up to 85 deg.F or higher. Where 
used to control both comfort heating and cooling, zone thermostatic 
controls shall be capable of providing a temperature range or deadband 
of at least 5 deg.F within which the supply of heating and cooling 
energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum. Exceptions are 
as follows:
    (a) Special occupancy or special usage conditions approved by the 
building official or
    (b) Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and 
cooling modes.
    403.2.6.4  Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat. Heat pumps having 
supplementary electric resistance heaters shall have controls that 
prevent heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat 
pump. Supplemental heater operation is permitted during outdoor coil 
defrost cycles not exceeding 15 minutes.
    403.2.6.5  Humidistats. Humidistats used for comfort purposes shall 
be capable of being set to prevent the use of fossil fuel or 
electricity to reduce relative humidity below 60% or increase relative 
humidity above 30%.
    403.2.6.6  Simultaneous Heating and Cooling. Zone thermostatic and 
humidistatic controls shall be capable of operating in sequence the 
supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone. Such controls shall 
prevent: Reheating; recooling; mixing or simultaneous supply of air 
that has been previously mechanically heated and air that has been 
previously cooled, either by mechanical refrigeration or by economizer 
systems; and other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling 
systems to the same zone. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Variable-air-volume systems that, during periods of occupancy, 
are designed to reduce the air supply to each zone to a minimum before 
heating, recooling, or mixing takes place. This minimum volume shall be 
no greater than the larger of 30% of the peak supply volume, the 
minimum required to meet minimum ventilation requirements of the 
Federal agency. (0.4 cfm/ft\2\ of zone conditioned floor area, and 300 
cfm).
    (b) Zones where special pressurization relationships or cross-
contamination requirements are such that variable-air-volume systems 
are impractical, such as isolation rooms, operating areas of hospitals 
and clean rooms.
    (c) At least 75% of the energy for reheating or for providing warm 
air in mixing systems is provided from a site-recovered or site-solar 
energy source.

[[Page 60034]]

    (d) Zones where specified humidity levels are required to satisfy 
process needs, such as computer rooms and museums.
    (e) Zones with a peak supply air quantity of 300 cfm or less.
    403.2.6.7  Temperature Reset for Air Systems. Air systems supplying 
heated or cooled air to multiple zones shall include controls that 
automatically reset supply air temperatures by representative building 
loads or by outside air temperature. Temperature shall be reset by at 
least 25% of the design supply air to room air temperature difference. 
Zones that are expected to experience relatively constant loads, such 
as interior zones, shall be designed for the fully reset supply 
temperature. Exception are as follows: Systems that comply with 
subsection 403.2.6.6 without using exceptions (a) or (b).
    403.2.6.8  Temperature Reset for Hydronic Systems. Hydronic systems 
of at least 600,000 Btu/hr design capacity supplying heated and/or 
chilled water to comfort conditioning systems shall include controls 
that automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative 
building loads (including return water temperature) or by outside air 
temperature. Temperature shall be reset by at least 25% of the design 
supply-to-return water temperature difference. Exceptions are as 
follows:
    (a) Systems that comply with subsection 403.2.5 without exception 
or
    (b) Where the design engineer certifies to the building official 
that supply temperature reset controls cannot be implemented without 
causing improper operation of heating, cooling, humidification, or 
dehumidification systems.
    403.2.7  Off Hour Controls.
    403.2.7.1  Automatic Setback or Shutdown Controls. HVAC systems 
shall be equipped with automatic controls capable of accomplishing a 
reduction of energy use through control setback or equipment shutdown. 
Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Systems serving areas expected to operate continuously or
    (b) Equipment with full load demands not exceeding 2 kW controlled 
by readily accessible, manual off-hour controls.
    403.2.7.2  Shutoff Dampers. Outdoor air supply and exhaust systems 
shall be provided with motorized or gravity dampers or other means of 
automatic volume shutoff or reduction. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Systems serving areas expected to operate continuously.
    (b) Individual systems which have a design airflow rate or 3000 cfm 
or less.
    (c) Gravity and other non-electrical ventilation systems controlled 
by readily accessible, manual damper controls.
    (d) Where restricted by health and life safety codes.
    403.2.7.3  Zone Isolation systems that serve zones that can be 
expected to operate nonsimultaneously for more than 750 hours per year 
shall include isolation devices and controls to shut off or set back 
the supply of heating and cooling to each zone independently. Isolation 
is not required for zones expected to operate continuously or expected 
to be inoperative only when all other zones are inoperative. For 
buildings where occupancy patterns are not known at the time of system 
design, such as speculative buildings, the designer may predesignate 
isolation areas. The grouping of zones on one floor into a single 
isolation area shall be permitted when the total conditioned floor area 
does not exceed 25,000 ft2 per group.
    403.2.8  Economizer Controls.
    403.2.8.1  Each fan system shall be designed and capable of being 
controlled to take advantage of favorable weather conditions to reduce 
mechanical cooling requirements. The system shall include either: A 
temperature or enthalpy air economizer system that is capable of 
automatically modulating outside air and return air dampers to provide 
up to 85% of the design supply air quantity as outside air, or a water 
economizer system that is capable of cooling supply air by direct and/
or indirect evaporation and is capable of providing 100% of the 
expected system cooling load at outside air temperatures of 50 deg.F 
dry-bulb/45 deg.F wet-bulb and below. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Individual fan-cooling units with a supply capacity of less 
than 3000 cfm or a total cooling capacity less than 90,000 Btu/h.
    (b) Systems with air-cooled or evaporatively cooled condensers that 
include extensive filtering equipment provided in order to meet the 
requirements of RS-41 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701).
    (c) Systems with air-cooled or evaporatively cooled condensers 
where the design engineer certifies to the building official that use 
of outdoor air cooling affects the operation of other systems, such as 
humidification, dehumidification, and supermarket refrigeration 
systems, so as to increase overall energy usage.
    (d) Systems that serve envelope-dominated spaces whose sensible 
cooling load at design conditions, excluding transmission and 
infiltration loads, is less than or equal to transmission and 
infiltration losses at an outdoor temperature of 60 deg.F.
    (e) Systems serving residential spaces and hotel or motel rooms.
    (f) Systems for which at least 75% of the annual energy used for 
mechanical cooling is provided from a site-recovered or site-solar 
energy source.
    (g) The zone(s) served by the system each have operable openings 
(windows, doors, etc.) with an openable area greater than 5% of the 
conditioned floor area. This applies only to spaces open to and within 
20 ft of the operable openings. Automatic controls shall be provided 
that lock out system mechanical cooling to these zones when outdoor air 
temperatures are less than 60 deg.F.
    403.2.8.2  Economizer systems shall be capable of providing partial 
cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the 
remainder of the cooling load. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Direct-expansion systems may include controls to reduce the 
quantity of outdoor air as required to prevent coil frosting at the 
lowest step of compressor unloading. Individual direct-expansion units 
that have a cooling capacity of 180,000 Btu/h or less may use 
economizer controls that preclude economizer operation whenever 
mechanical cooling is required simultaneously.
    (b)Systems in climates with less than 750 average operating hours 
per year between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the ambient dry-bulb 
temperatures are between 55  deg.F and 69  deg.F inclusive.
    403.2.8.3  System design and economizer controls shall be such that 
economizer operation does not increase the building heating energy use 
during normal operation.
    403.2.9  Distribution System Construction and Insulation.
    403.2.9.1  Piping Insulation. All HVAC system piping shall be 
thermally insulated in accordance with Table 403.2.9.1. Exceptions are 
as follows:
    (a) Factory-installed piping within HVAC equipment tested and rated 
in accordance with subsection 403.1.
    (b) Piping that conveys fluids that have a design operating 
temperature range between 55 deg.F and 105 deg.F.
    (c) Piping that conveys fluids that have not been heated or cooled 
through the use of fossil fuels or electricity.

[[Page 60035]]



                                Table 403.2.9.1.--Minimum Pipe Insulation (in.) a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Insulation conductivity a           Nominal pipe diameter (in.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Conductivity
 Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range (F)  Range Btu in./     Mean      1.0     1.0 to   1.5 to    4.0 to    8.0
                                            (h ft2 F)     Temp. F              1.25      3.0      6.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Heating systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, and Hot Water) b, c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>350...................................       0.32-0.34        250      1.0      1.5      1.5       2.0      2.5
251-350................................       0.29-0.32        200      1.0      1.0      1.5       2.0      2.0
201-250................................       0.27-0.30        150      1.0      1.0      1.0       1.5      1.5
141-200................................       0.25-0.29        125      1.0      1.0      1.0       1.5      1.5
105-140................................       0.22-0.28        100      0.5      0.5      0.75      1.0      1.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
105 and Greater........................       0.22-0.28        100      0.5      0.5      0.75      1.0      1.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant) d
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40-55..................................       0.22-0.28        100      0.5      0.5      0.5       0.5      0.5
Below 40...............................       0.22-0.28        100      0.5      0.5      0.5       0.5     0.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined as
  follows: T=r{1+t/r)K/k-1}
Where T = minimum insulation thickness (in), r = actual outside radius of pipe (in), t = insulation thickness
  listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size, K = conductivity of alternate material at
  mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu in/h ft2 F); and k = the upper
  value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature.
b These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Safety issues, such as insulation
  surface temperatures, have not been considered.
c Piping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run-outs when the control valve is
  located within four feet of the coil and the pipe diameter is 1 inch or less.
d Note that the required minimum thickness does not take water vapor transmission and possible surface
  condensation into account.


                                                                       Table 403.2.9.2.--Minimum Duct Insulation R-value a
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Cooling supply ducts                                                       Heating supply ducts
                               -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Return
         Duct location           CDD65 500            eq>1,000         thn-eq>2,000         eq>2,000           eq>1,500         thn-eq>4,500       thn-eq>7,500         eq>7,500
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior of Building..........  R-3.3...........  R-5.0............  R-6.5............  R-8.0............  R-3.3............  R-5.0............  R-6.5............  R-8.0............  R-5.0
Ventilated Attic..............  R-3.3...........  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-3.3
Unvented Attic................  R-5.0...........  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-3.3
Other Conditioned Spaces b....  R-3.3...........  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3
Indirectly Conditioned Spaces   none............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  none
 c.
Buried........................  none............  none.............  none.............  none.............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-3.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Insulation R-values, measured in (h.ft 2. deg.F)/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum thickness do not consider water vapor
  transmission and possible surface condensation. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and condensation. For ducts that are designed to convey both heated
  and cooled air, duct insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most
  restrictive condition of this section or subsection 402. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with RS-6 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  434.701) at a mean
  temperature of 75  deg.F. RS-6 is in incorporated by reference at Sec.  434.701.
b Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated.
c Includes return air plenums, with and without exposed roofs above.

    403.2.9.2Duct and Plenum Insulation. All supply and return air 
ducts and plenums installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system 
shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table 403.2.9.1. 
Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Factory-installed plenums, casings, or ductwork furnished as a 
part of the HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with 
subsection 403.1
    (b) Ducts within the conditioned space that they serve. 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701)ca a06oc0.186
    403.2.9.3   Duct and Plenum Construction. All air-handling ductwork 
and plenums shall be constructed and erected in accordance with RS-34, 
RS-35, and RS-36 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701). Where 
supply ductwork and plenums designed to operate at static pressures 
from 0.25 in. wc to 2 in. wc, inclusive, are located outside of the 
conditioned space or in return plenums, joints shall be sealed in 
accordance with Seal Class C as defined in RS-34 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec. 434.701). Pressure sensitive tape shall not be used 
as the primary sealant where such ducts are designed to operate at 
static pressures of 1 in. wc, or greater.
    403.2.9.3.1  Ductwork designed to operate at static pressures in 
excess of 3 in. wc shall be leak-tested in accordance with Section 5 of 
RS-35, (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701), or equivalent. 
Test reports shall be provided in accordance with Section 6 of RS-35, 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701)m or equivalent. The 
tested duct leakage class at a test pressure equal to the design duct 
pressure class rating shall be equal to or less than leakage Class 6 as 
defined in Section 4.1 of RS-35 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec. 434.701). Representative sections totaling at least 25% of the 
total installed duct area for the designated pressure class shall be 
tested.
    403.2.10  Completion.

[[Page 60036]]

    403.2.10.1  Manuals. Construction documents shall require an 
operating and maintenance manual provided to the Federal Agency. The 
manual shall include, at a minimum, the following:
    (a) Submittal data stating equipment size and selected options for 
each piece of equipment requiring maintenance, including assumptions 
used in outdoor design calculations.
    (b) Operating and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment 
requiring maintenance. Required maintenance activity shall be 
specified.
    (c) Names and addresses of at least one qualified service agency to 
perform the required periodic maintenance shall be provided.
    (d) HVAC controls systems maintenance and calibration information, 
including wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence 
descriptions. Desired or field determined setpoints shall be 
permanently recorded on control drawings, at control devices, or, for 
digital control systems, in programming comments.
    (e) A complete narrative, prepared by the designer, of how each 
system is intended to operate shall be included with the construction 
documents.
    403.2.10.2  Drawings. Construction documents shall require that 
within 30 days after the date of system acceptance, record drawings of 
the actual installation be provided to the Federal agency. The drawings 
shall include details of the air barrier installation in every envelope 
component, demonstrating continuity of the air barrier at all joints 
and penetrations.
    403.2.10.3  Air System Balancing. Construction documents shall 
require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with the 
industry accepted procedures (such as National Environmental Balancing 
Bureau (NEBB) Procedural Standards, Associated Air Balance Council 
(AABC) National Standards, or ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 111). Air and water 
flow rates shall be measured and adjusted to deliver final flow rates 
within 10% of design rates, except variable flow distribution systems 
need not be balanced upstream of the controlling device (VAV box or 
control valve).
    403.2.10.3.1  Construction documents shall require a written 
balance report be provided to the Federal agency for HVAC systems 
serving zones with a total conditioned area exceeding 5,000 
ft2.
    403.2.10.3.2  Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first 
minimize throttling losses, then fan speed shall be adjusted to meet 
design flow conditions or equivalent procedures. Exceptions are as 
follows: Damper throttling may be used for air system balancing;
    (a) With fan motors of 1 hp (0.746 kW) or less, or
    (b) Of throttling results in no greater than \1/3\ hp (0.248 kW) 
fan horsepower draw above that required if the fan speed were adjusted.
    403.2.10.4 Hydronic System Balancing. Hydronic systems shall be 
balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses; then the pump 
impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet 
design flow conditions. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Pumps with pump motors of 10 hp (7.46 kW) or less.
    (b) If throttling results in no greater than 3 hp (2.23 kW) pump 
horsepower draw above that required if the impeller were trimmed.
    (c) To reserve additional pump pressure capability in open circuit 
piping systems subject to fouling. Valve throttling pressure drop shall 
not exceed that expected for future fouling.
    403.2.10.5  Control System Testing. HVAC control systems shall be 
tested to assure that control elements are calibrated, adjusted, and in 
proper working condition. For projects larger than 50,000 ft2 
conditioned area, detailed instructions for commissioning HVAC systems 
shall be provided by the designer in plans and specifications.


Sec. 434.404  Building service systems and equipment.

    404.1  Service Water Heating Equipment Efficiency. Equipment must 
satisfy the minimum performance efficiency specified in Table 404.1 
when tested in accordance with RS-37, RS-38, or RS-39 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec. 434.701). Omission of equipment from Table 404.1 
shall not preclude the use of such equipment. Service water heating 
equipment used to provide additional function of space heating as part 
of a combination (integrated) system shall satisfy all stated 
requirements for the service water heating equipment. All gas-fired 
storage water heaters that are not equipped with a flue damper and use 
indoor air for combustion or draft hood dilution and that are installed 
in a conditioned space, shall be equipped with a vent damper listed in 
accordance with RS-42 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701). 
Unless the water heater has an available electrical supply, the 
installation of such a vent damper shall not require an electrical 
connection.

                                                                  Table 404.1.--Minimum Performance of Water Heating Equipment
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                                                   Thermal
           Category                    Type               Fuel           Input rating        VT       Input to VT       Test Method a         Energy factor      efficiency    Standby loss %/HR
                                                                                                    ratio Btuh/gal                                                   Et%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAECA.........................  all..............  electric.........  12 kW               all\c\    ..............  DOE Test              0.93-0.00132V
Covered.......................  storage..........  gas..............  75,000 Btuh         all\c\    ..............  Procedure 10          0.62-0.0019V
Water.........................  instantaneous....  gas..............  200,000             all       ..............  CFR Part 430          0.62-0.0019V
Heating.......................  storage..........  oil..............  Btuh\c\             all       ..............  430                   0.59-0.0019V
Equipment\b\..................  instantaneous....  oil..............  105,000             all       ..............  Appendix E            0.59-0.0019V
                                                                      Btuh
                                pool heater......  gas/oil..........  210,000 Btuh        all       ..............  ANSI Z21.56           ....................  78
                                                                      all                 ........  ..............  (RS-38) *
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Water...................  storage..........  electric.........  all                 all       ..............  ANSI
Heating.......................                                        ..................  ........  ..............  Z21.10.3              ....................  78            .030+27/VT
equipment\d\..................  storage/.........  gas/oil..........  155m999 Btuh        all       4,000           (RS-39)*              ....................  78            1.3+114//VT
                                instantaneous....
                                                                                          all       4,000           ....................  ....................  80            1.3+95/VT
                                                                      >155,000 Btuh       10        4,000           ....................  ....................  77
                                                                                          10        4,000           ....................  ....................  ............  2.3+67/VT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unfired.......................                                        ..................  ........  all             ....................  ....................  ............  6.5 Btuh/ft\2\
Storage.......................
Tanks.........................

[[Page 60037]]

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a For detailed references see Subpart E.
b Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987.
c DOE Test Procedures apply to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes 20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters with input ratings of 50,000 to 200,000 Btuh.
d All except those water heaters covered by NAECA.
* Incorporated by reference, see Sec.  434.701.

    404.1.1  Testing Electric and Oil Storage Water Heaters for Standby 
Loss.
    (a) When testing an electric storage water heater, the procedures 
of Z21.10.3-1990 (RS-39, incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701), 
Section 2.9, shall be used. The electrical supply voltage shall be 
maintained with 1% of the center of the voltage range 
specified on the water heater nameplate. Also, when needed for 
calculations, the thermal efficiency (Et) shall be 98%. When 
testing an oil-fired water heater, the procedures of Z21.10.3-1990 (RS-
39 incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701), Sections 2.8 and 2.9, 
shall be used.
    (b) The following modifications shall be made: A vertical length of 
flue pipe shall be connected to the flue gas outlet of sufficient 
height to establish the minimum draft specified in the manufacturer's 
installation instructions. All measurements of oil consumption shall be 
taken by instruments with an accuracy of 1% or better. The 
burner rate shall be adjusted to achieve an hourly Btu input rate 
within 2% of the manufacturer's specified input rate with 
the CO2 reading as specified by the manufacturer with smoke 
no greater than 1 and the fuel pump pressure within 1% of 
the manufacturer's specification.
    404.1.2  Unfired Storage Tanks. The heat loss of the tank surface 
area Btu/(hft\2\) shall be based on an 80 deg.F water-air 
temperature difference.
    404.1.3  Storage Volume Symbols in Table 404.1. The symbol ``V'' is 
the rated storage volume in gallons as specified by the manufacturer. 
The symbol ``VT'' is the storage volume in gallons as 
measured during the test to determine the standby loss. VT 
may differ from V, but it is within tolerances allowed by the 
applicable Z21 and Underwriters Laboratories standards. Accordingly, 
for the purpose of estimating the standby loss requirement using the 
rated volume shown on the rating plate, VT should be 
considered as no less than 0.95V for gas and oil water heaters and no 
less than 0.90V for electric water heaters.
    404.1.4  Electric Water Heaters. In applications where water 
temperatures not greater than 145 deg.F are required, an economic 
evaluation shall be made on the potential benefit of using an electric 
heat pump water heater(s) instead of an electric resistance water 
heater(s). The analysis shall compare the extra installed costs of the 
heat pump unit with the benefits in reduced energy costs (less 
increased maintenance costs) over the estimated service life of the 
heat pump water heater. Exceptions are as follows: Electric water 
heaters used in conjunction with site-recovered or site-solar energy 
sources that provide 50% or more of the water heating load or off-peak 
heating with thermal storage.
    404.2  Service Hot Water Piping Insulation. Circulating system 
piping and noncirculating systems without heat traps, the first eight 
feet of outlet piping from a constant-temperature noncirculating 
storage system, and the inlet pipe between the storage tank and a heat 
trap in a noncirculating storage system shall meet the provisions of 
subsection 403.2.9.
    404.2.1  Vertical risers serving storage water heaters not having 
an integral heat trap and serving a noncirculating system shall have 
heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as practical to 
the water heater.
    404.3  Service Water Heating System Controls. Temperature controls 
that allow for storage temperature adjustment from 110 deg.F to a 
temperature compatible with the intended use shall be provided in 
systems serving residential dwelling units and from 90 deg.F for other 
systems. When designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water 
pipes, such as circulating hot water systems or heat trace, the system 
shall be equipped with automatic time switches or other controls that 
can be set to turn off the system.
    404.3.1  The outlet temperature of lavatory faucets in public 
facility restrooms shall be limited to 110 deg.F.
    404.4  Water Conservation. Showerheads and lavatory faucets must 
meet the requirements of 10 CFR 430.32 (o)-(p).
    404.4.1  Lavatory faucets in public facility restrooms shall be 
equipped with a foot switch, occupancy sensor, or similar device or, in 
other than lavatories for physically handicapped persons, limit water 
delivery to 0.25 gal/cycle.
    404.5  Swimming Pools. All pool heaters shall be equipped with a 
readily accessible on-off switch.
    404.5.1  Time switches shall be installed on electric heaters and 
pumps. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Pumps required to operate solar or heat recovery pool heating 
systems.
    (b) Where public health requirements require 24-hour pump 
operation.
    404.5.2  Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with pool covers. 
Exception: When over 70% of the annual energy for heating is obtained 
from a site-recovered or site-solar energy source.
    404.6  Combined Service Water Heating and Space Heating Equipment. 
A single piece of equipment shall not be used to provide both space 
heating and service water heating. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) The energy input or storage volume of the combined boiler or 
water heater is less than twice the energy input or storage volume of 
the smaller of the separate boilers or water heaters otherwise required 
or
    (b) The input to the combined boiler is less than 150,000 Btuh.

Subpart E--Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative


Sec. 434.501  General.

    501.1  Subpart E permits the use of the Building Energy Cost 
Compliance Alternative as an alternative to many elements of subpart D. 
When this subpart is used, it must be used with subpart C and subpart 
D, 401.1, 401.2, 401.3.4 and in conjunction with the minimum 
requirements found in

[[Page 60038]]

subsections 402.1, 402.2, and 402.3., 403.1, 403.2.1-7, 403.2.9 and 
404.
    501.2  Compliance. Compliance under this method requires detailed 
energy analyses of the entire Proposed Design, referred to as the 
Design Energy Consumption; an estimate of annual energy cost for the 
proposed design, referred to as the Design Energy Cost; and comparison 
against an Energy Cost Budget. Compliance is achieved when the 
estimated Design Energy Cost is less than or equal to the Energy Cost 
Budget. This subpart provides instructions for determining the Energy 
Cost Budget and for calculating the Design Energy Consumption and 
Design Energy Cost. The Energy Cost Budget shall be determined through 
the calculation of monthly energy consumption and energy cost of a 
Prototype or Reference Building design configured to meet the 
requirements of subsections 401 through 404.
    501.3  Designers are encouraged to employ the Building Energy Cost 
Budget compliance method set forth in this section for evaluating 
proposed design alternatives to using the elements prescribed in 
subpart D. The Building Energy Cost Budget establishes the relative 
effectiveness of each design alternative in energy cost savings, 
providing an energy cost basis upon which the building owner and 
designer may select one design over another. This Energy Cost Budget is 
the highest allowable calculated energy cost for a specific building 
design. Other alternative designs are likely to have lower annual 
energy costs and life cycle costs than those used to minimally meet the 
Energy Cost Budget.
    501.4  The Energy Cost Budget is a numerical reference for annual 
energy cost. It's purpose is to assure neutrality with respect to 
choices such as HVAC system type, architectural design and fuel choice 
by providing a fixed, repeatable budget that is independent of any of 
these choices wherever possible (i.e., for the prototype buildings). 
The Energy Cost Budget for a given building size and type will vary 
only with climate, the number of stories, and the choice of simulation 
tool. The specifications of the prototypes are necessary to assure 
repeatability, but have no other significance. They are not necessarily 
recommended energy conserving practice, or even physically reasonable 
practice for some climates or buildings, but represent a reasonable 
worst case of energy cost resulting from compliance with the provisions 
of subsections 401 through 404.


Sec. 434.502  Determination of the annual energy cost budget.

    502.1  The annual Energy Cost Budgets shall be determined in 
accordance with the Prototype Building Procedure in Sec. 434.503 and 
Sec. 434.504 or the Reference Building Procedure in Sec. 434.505. Both 
methods calculate an annual Energy Cost by summing the 12 monthly 
Energy Cost Budgets. Each monthly Energy Cost Budget is the product of 
the monthly Building Energy Consumption of each type of energy used 
multiplied by the monthly Energy Cost per unit of energy for each type 
of energy used.
    502.2  The Energy Cost Budget shall be determined in accordance 
with Equation 502.2.a as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.025


Based on:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.026


Where:
ECB=The annual Energy Cost Budget
ECBm=The monthly Energy Cost Budget
BECONmi=The monthly Budget Energy Consumption of the 
ith type of energy

ECOSmi=The monthly Energy Cost, per unit of the 
ith type of energy

    502.3  The monthly Energy Cost Budget shall be determined using 
current rate schedules or contract prices available at the building 
site for all types of energy purchased. These costs shall include 
demand charges, rate blocks, time of use rates, interruptible service 
rates, delivery charges, taxes, and all other applicable rates for the 
type, location, operation, and size of the proposed design. The monthly 
Budget Energy Consumption shall be calculated from the first day 
through the last day of each month, inclusive.


Sec. 434.503  Prototype building procedure.

    503.1  The Prototype Building procedure shall be used for all 
building types listed below. For mixed-use buildings the Energy Cost 
Budget is derived by allocating the floor space of each building type 
within the floor space of the prototype building. For buildings not 
listed below, the Reference Building procedure of Sec. 434.505 shall be 
used. Prototype buildings include:
(a) Assembly;
(b) Office (Business);
(c) Retail (Mercantile);
(d) Warehouse (Storage);
(e) School (Educational);
(f) Hotel/Motel;
(g) Restaurant;
(h) Health/Institutional; and
(i) Multi-Family.


Sec. 434.504  Use of the prototype building to determine the energy 
cost budget.

    504.1  Determine the building type of the Proposed Design using the 
categories in subsection 503.1. Using the appropriate Prototype 
Building characteristics from all of the tables contained in Subpart E, 
the building shall be simulated using the same gross floor area and 
number of floors for the Prototype Building as in the Proposed Design.
    504.2  The form, orientation, occupancy and use profiles for the 
Prototype Building shall be fixed as described in subsection 511. 
Envelope, lighting, other internal loads and HVAC systems and equipment 
shall meet the requirements of subsection 301, 401, 402, 403, and 404 
and are standardized inputs.


Sec. 434.505  Reference building method.

    505.1  The Reference Building procedure shall be used only when the 
Proposed Design cannot be represented by one or a combination of the 
Prototype Building listed in subsection 503.1 or the assumptions for 
the Prototype Building in Subsection 510, such as occupancy and use-
profiles, do not reasonably represent the Proposed Design.


Sec. 434.506  Use of the reference building to determine the energy 
cost budget.

    506.1  Each floor shall be oriented in the same manner for the 
Reference Building as in the Proposed Design. The form, gross and 
conditioned floor areas of each floor and the number of floors shall be 
the same as in the Proposed Design. All other characteristics, such as

[[Page 60039]]

lighting, envelope and HVAC systems and equipment, shall meet the 
requirements of subsections 301, 401, 402, 403 and 404.


Sec. 434.507  Calculation procedure and simulation tool.

    507.1  The Prototype or Reference Buildings shall be modeled using 
the criteria of subsections 510 and 521. The modeling shall use a 
climate data set appropriate for both the site and the complexity of 
the energy conserving features of the design. ASHRAE Weather Year for 
Energy Calculations (WYEC) data or bin weather data shall be used in 
the absence of other appropriate data.


Sec. 434.508  Determination of the design energy consumption and design 
energy cost.

    508.1  The Design Energy Consumption shall be calculated by 
modeling the Proposed Design using the same methods, assumptions, 
climate data, and simulation tool as were used to establish the Energy 
Cost Budget, except as explicitly stated in 509 through 534. The Design 
Energy Cost shall be calculated per Equation 508.1.

Equation 508.1
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.027


Based on:

                    DECOSm = DECONml  x  
ECOSml +. . .+ DECONmi  x  ECOSmi      
(Equation 508.1.2)

Where:
DECOS=The annual Design Energy Cost
DECOSm=The monthly Design Energy Cost
DECONmi=The monthly Design Energy Consumption of the 
ith type of energy
ECOSmi=The monthly Energy Cost per unit of the 
ith type of energy
    The DECONmi shall be calculated from the first day 
through the last day of the month, inclusive.


Sec. 434.509  Compliance.

    509.1  If the Design Energy Cost is less than or equal to the 
Energy Cost Budget, and all of the minimum requirements of subsection 
501.2 are met, the Proposed Design complies with the standards.


Sec. 434.510  Standard calculation procedure.

    510.1  The Standard Calculation Procedure consists of methods and 
assumptions for calculating the Energy Cost Budget for the Prototype or 
Reference Building and the Design Energy Consumption and Design Energy 
Cost of the Proposed Design. In order to maintain consistency between 
the Energy Cost Budget and the Design Energy Cost, the input 
assumptions to be used are stated below. These inputs shall be used to 
determine the Energy Cost Budget and the Design Energy Consumption.
    510.2  Prescribed assumptions shall be used without variation. 
Default assumptions shall be used unless the designer can demonstrate 
that a different assumption better characterizes the building's energy 
use over its expected life. The default assumptions shall be used in 
modeling both the Prototype or Reference Building and the Proposed 
Design, unless the designer demonstrates clear cause to modify these 
assumptions. Special procedures for speculative buildings are discussed 
in subsection 503. Shell buildings may not use subpart E.


Sec. 434.511  Orientation and shape.

    511.1  The Prototype Building shall consist of the same number of 
stories, and gross and conditioned floor area as the Proposed Design, 
with equal area per story. The building shape shall be rectangular, 
with a 2.5:1 aspect ratio. The long dimensions of the building shall 
face East and West. The fenestration shall be uniformly distributed in 
proportion to exterior wall area. Floor-to-floor height for the 
Prototype Building shall be 13 ft. except for dwelling units in hotels/
motels and multi-family high-rise residential buildings where floor-to-
floor height shall be 9.5 ft.
    511.2  The Reference Building shall consist of the same number of 
stories, and gross floor area for each story as the Proposed Design. 
Each floor shall be oriented in the same manner as the Proposed Design. 
The geometric form shall be the same as the Proposed Design.


Sec. 434.512  Internal loads.

    512.1  The systems and types of energy specified in this section 
are provided only for purposes of calculating the Energy Cost Budget. 
They are not requirements for either systems or the type of energy to 
be used in the Proposed Design or for calculation of Design Energy 
Cost.
    512.2  Internal loads for multi-family high-rise residential 
buildings are prescribed in Tables 512.2.a and b, Multi-Family High 
Rise Residential Building Schedules. Internal loads for other building 
types shall be modeled as noted in this subsection.

         Table 512.2.a.-- Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings Schedules--One-Zone Dwelling Unit
                                    [Internal loads per dwelling unit Btu/h]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Occupants            Lights            Equipment
                      Hour                      ----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Sensible      Latent      Sensible     Sensible      Latent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1..............................................          300          260            0          750          110
2..............................................          300          260            0          750          110
3..............................................          300          260            0          750          110
4..............................................          300          260            0          750          110
5..............................................          300          260            0          750          110
6..............................................          300          260            0          750          110
7..............................................          300          260            0          750          110
8..............................................          210          260          980         1250          190

[[Page 60040]]

 
9..............................................          100           80          840         2600          420
10.............................................          100           80            0         1170          180
11.............................................          100           80            0         1270          190
12.............................................          100           80            0         2210          330
13.............................................          100           80            0         2210          330
14.............................................          100           80            0         1270          190
15.............................................          100           80            0         1270          190
16.............................................          100           80            0         1270          190
17.............................................          100           80            0         1270          190
18.............................................          300          260            0         3040          450
19.............................................          300          260            0         3360          500
20.............................................          300          260          960         1490          220
21.............................................          300          260          960         1490          220
22.............................................          300          260          960         1490          220
23.............................................          300          260          960         1060          160
24.............................................          300          260          960         1060          160
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                  Table 512.2.b.--Multi-Family High Rise Residential Building Schedules-Two-Zone Dwelling Unit
                                                                            [Internal loads per dwelling unit Btu/h]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                      Bedrooms & bathrooms                                                 Other rooms
                                                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Hour                                       Occupants            Lights            Equipment                 Occupants            Lights            Equipment
                                                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Sensible      Latent      Sensible     Sensible      Latent      Sensible      Latent      Sensible     Sensible      Latent
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................................................          300          260            0          100           20            0            0            0          650           90
2.............................................................          300          260            0          100           20            0            0            0          650           90
3.............................................................          300          260            0          100           20            0            0            0          650           90
4.............................................................          300          260            0          100           20            0            0            0          650           90
5.............................................................          300          260            0          100           20            0            0            0          650           90
6.............................................................          300          260            0          100           20            0            0            0          650           90
7.............................................................          200          180          680          200           40          100           80          300         1050          150
8.............................................................          110          120          240          200           40          100           80          600         2400          380
9.............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         1070          160
0.............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         1170          170
0.............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         1170          170
0.............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         2110          310
0.............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         2110          310
14............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         1170          170
15............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         1170          170
16............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         1170          170
17............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          100           80            0         1170          170
18............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          300          260            0         2940          430
19............................................................            0            0            0          100           20          300          260            0         3260          480
20............................................................          100           80          320          300           60          200          180          640         1190          160
21............................................................          100           80          320          300           60          200          180          640         1190          160
22............................................................          150          130          480          700           90          150          130          480          790          130
23............................................................          300          260          640          410           70            0            0          320          650           90
24............................................................          300          260          640          410           70            0            0          320          650           90
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

513.1  Occupancy.

    5131  Occupancy schedules are default assumptions. The same 
assumptions shall be made in computing Design Energy Consumption as 
were used in calculating the Energy Cost Budget.
    513.2  Table 513.2.a, Occupancy Density, establishes the density, 
in ft2 person of conditioned floor area, to be used for each 
building type. Table 513.2.b, Building Schedule Percentage Multipliers, 
establishes the percentage of total occupants in the building by hour 
of the day for each building type.

                    Table 513.2.a.--Occupancy Density
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Conditioned
                                                              floor area
                       Building type                            Ft \2\
                                                                person
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly...................................................           50
Office.....................................................          275
Retail.....................................................          300
Warehouse..................................................        15000
School.....................................................           75
Hotel/Motel................................................          250
Restaurant.................................................          100
Health/Institutional.......................................          200
Multi-family High-rise Residential.........................   2 per unit
                                                                   .\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Heat generation: Btu/h per person: 230 Btu/h per person sensible,
  and 190 Btu/h per person latent. See Tables 512.2 a and b.


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Sec. 434.514  Lighting.

    514.1  Interior Lighting Power Allowance (ILPA), for calculating 
the Energy Cost Budget shall be determined from subsection 401.3.2. The 
lighting power used to calculate the Design Energy Consumption shall be 
the actual adjusted power for lighting in the Proposed Design. If the 
lighting controls in the Proposed Design are more effective at saving 
energy than those required by subsection 401.3.1 and 401.3.2, the 
actual installed lighting power shall be used along with the schedules 
reflecting the action of the controls to calculate the Design Energy 
Consumption. This actual installed lighting power shall not be adjusted 
by the Power Adjustment Factors listed in Table 514.1.

               Table 514.1.--Power Adjustment Factor (PAF)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Standard
                Automatic control device(s)                      PAF
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Occupancy Sensor.......................................         0.30
(2) Daylight Sensing Continuous Dimming....................         0.30
(3) Daylight Sensing Multiple Step Dimming.................         0.20
(4) Daylight Sensing On/Off................................         0.10
(5) Lumen Maintenance......................................         0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    514.2  Table 513.2.b establishes default assumptions for the 
percentage of the lighting load switched-on in each Prototype or 
Reference Building by hour of the day. These default assumptions can be 
changed when calculating the Energy Cost Budget to provide, for 
example, a 12-hour rather than an 8-hour workday.


Sec. 434.515  Receptacles.

    515.1  Receptacle loads and profiles are default assumptions. The 
same assumptions shall be made in calculating Design Energy Consumption 
as were used in calculating the Energy Cost Budget.
    515.2  Receptacle loads include all general service loads that are 
typical in a building. These loads exclude any process electrical usage 
and HVAC primary or auxiliary electrical usage. Table 515.2, Receptacle 
Power Densities, establishes the density, in W/ft\2\, to be used for 
each building type. The receptacle energy profiles shall be the same as 
the lighting energy profiles in Table 513.2.b. This profile establishes 
the percentage of the receptacle load that is switched on by hour of 
the day and by building type.

                Table 515.2.--Receptacle Power Densities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              W/ft\2\ of
                       Building type                         conditioned
                                                             floor  area
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly...................................................         0.25
Office.....................................................         0.75
Retail.....................................................         0.25
Warehouse..................................................          0.1
School.....................................................          0.5
Hotel/Motel................................................         0.25
Restaurant.................................................          0.1
Health.....................................................          1.0
Multi-family High Rise Residential.........................  ...........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in Lights and Equipment portions of Tables 512.2 a and b.

Sec. 434.516    Building exterior envelope.

    516.1  Insulation and Glazing. The insulation and glazing 
characteristics of the Prototype and Reference Building envelope shall 
be determined by using the first column under ``Base Case'', with no 
assumed overhangs, for the appropriate Alternate Component Tables (ACP) 
in Table 402.4.1.2, as defined by climate range. The insulation and 
glazing characteristics from this ACP are prescribed assumptions for 
Prototype and Reference Buildings for calculating the Energy Cost 
Budget. In calculating the Design Energy Consumption of the Proposed 
Design, the envelope characteristics of the Proposed Design shall be 
used.
    516.2  Infiltration. For Prototype and Reference Buildings, the 
infiltration assumptions in subsection 516.2.1 shall be prescribed 
assumptions for calculating the Energy Cost Budget and default 
assumptions for the Design Energy Consumption. Infiltration shall 
impact perimeter zones only.
    516.2.1  When the HVAC system is switched ``on,'' no infiltration 
shall be assumed. When the HVAC system is switched ``off,'' the 
infiltration rate for buildings with or without operable windows shall 
be assumed to be 0.038 cfm/ft\2\ of gross exterior wall. Hotels/motels 
and multi-family high-rise residential buildings shall have 
infiltration rates of 0.038 cfm/ft\2\ of gross exterior wall area at 
all times.
    516.3  Envelope and Ground Absorptivities. For Prototype and 
Reference Buildings, absorptivity assumptions shall be prescribed 
assumptions for computing the Energy Cost Budget and default 
assumptions for computing the Design Energy Consumption. The solar 
absorptivity of opaque elements of the building envelope is assumed to 
be 70%. The solar absorptivity of ground surfaces is assumed to be 80% 
(20% reflectivity).
    516.4  Window Management. For the Prototype and Reference Building, 
window management drapery assumptions shall be prescribed assumptions 
for setting the Energy Cost Budget. No draperies shall be the default 
assumption for computing the Design Energy Consumption. Glazing is 
assumed to be internally shaded by medium-weight draperies, closed one-
half time. The draperies shall be modeled by assuming that one-half the 
area in each zone is draped and one-half is not. If manually-operated 
draperies, shades, or blinds are to be used in the Proposed Design, the 
Design Energy Consumption shall be calculated by assuming they are 
effective over one-half the glazing area in each zone.
    516.5  Shading. For Prototype and Reference buildings and the 
Proposed Design, shading by permanent structures, terrain, and 
vegetation shall be taken into account for computing energy 
consumption, whether or not these features are located on the building 
site. A permanent fixture is one that is likely to remain for the life 
of the Proposed Design.


Sec. 434.517  HVAC systems and equipment.

    517.1  The specifications and requirements for the HVAC systems of 
the Prototype and Reference Buildings shall be those in Table 517.1.1, 
HVAC Systems for Prototype and Reference Buildings. For the calculation 
of the Design Energy Consumption, the HVAC systems and equipment of the 
Proposed Design shall be used.
    517.2  The systems and types of energy presented in Table 517.1.1 
are assumptions for calculating the Energy Cost Budget. They are not 
requirements for either systems or the type of energy to be used in the 
Proposed Building or for the calculation of the Design Energy Cost.

  Table 517.1.1.--HVAC Systems of Prototype and Reference Buildings 1,2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               System No.  (Table     Remarks  (Table
   Building/space occupancy         517.4.1)              517.4.1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly:
    a. Churches (any size)...                  1

[[Page 60047]]

 
    b. 50,000 ft               1 or 3   Note 1.
     \2\ or 3
     floors.
    c. >50,000 ft \2\ or >3                    3
     floors.
Office:
    a. 20,000 ft                    1
     \2\.
    b. 50,000 ft                    4
     \2\ and either 3 floors or 75,000 ft \2\.
    c. 75,000 ft \2\ or >3                     5
     floors.
Retail:
    a. 50,000 ft               1 or 3   Note 1.
     \2\.
    b. >50,000 ft \2\........             4 or 5   Note 1.
Warehouse....................                  1   Note 1.
School:
    a. 75,000 ft                    1
     \2\ or 3
     floors.
    b. >75,000 ft \2\ or >3                    3
     floors.
Hotel/Motel:
    a. 3 stories..             2 or 7   Note 5, 7.
    b. >3 stories............                  6   Note 6.
Restaurant...................             1 or 3   Note 1.
Health:
    a. Nursing Home (any                  2 or 7   Note 7.
     size).
    b. 15,000 ft                    1
     \2\.
    c. 15,000 ft \2\ or 50,000 ft \2\.
    d. >50,000 ft \2\........                  5   Note 2, 3.
Multi-family High Rise                        7
 Residential >3 stories.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Space and Service Water Heating budget calculations shall be made
  using both electricity and natural gas. The Energy Cost Budget shall
  be the lower of these two calculations. If natural gas is not
  available at the rate, electricity and #2 fuel oil shall be used for
  the budget calculations.
\2\ The system and energy types presented in this Table are not intended
  as requirements or recommendations for the proposed design. Floor
  areas below are the total conditioned floor areas for the listed
  occupancy type in the building. The number of floors indicated below
  is the total number of occupied floors for the listed occupancy type.

    517.3  HVAC Zones. HVAC zones for calculating the Energy Cost 
Budget of the Prototype or Reference Building shall consist of at least 
four perimeter and one interior zones per floor. Prototype Buildings 
shall have one perimeter zone facing each cardinal direction. The 
perimeter zones of Prototype and Reference Buildings shall be 15 ft in 
width, or one-third the narrow dimension of the building, when this 
dimension is between 30 ft and 45 ft inclusive, or one-half the narrow 
dimension of the building when this dimension is less than 30 ft. 
Zoning requirements shall be a default assumption for calculating the 
Energy Cost Budget. For multi-family high-rise residential buildings, 
the prototype building shall have one zone per dwelling unit. The 
proposed design shall have one zone per unit unless zonal thermostatic 
controls are provided within units; in this case, two zones per unit 
shall be modeled. Building types such as assembly or warehouse may be 
modeled as a single zone if there is only one space.
    517.4  For calculating the Design Energy Consumption, no fewer 
zones shall be used than were in the Prototype and Reference Buildings. 
The zones in the simulation shall correspond to the zones provided by 
the controls in the Proposed Design. Thermally similar zones, such as 
those facing one orientation on different floors, may be grouped 
together for the purposes of either the Design Energy Consumption or 
Energy Cost Budget simulation.

               Table 517.4.1.--HVAC System Description for Prototype and Reference Buildings 1, 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         HVAC component                System #1           System #2           System #3           System #4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
System Description..............  Packaged rooftop    Packaged terminal   Air handler per     Packaged rooftop
                                   single room, one    air conditioner     zone with central   VAV w/perimeter
                                   unit per zone.      with space heater   plant.              reheat.
                                                       or heat pump, one
                                                       heating/cooling
                                                       unit per zone.
Fan system--Design supply         Note 9............  Note 10...........  Note 9............  Note 9.
 circulation rate.
Supply fan total static pressure  1.3 in. W.C.......  N/A...............  2.0 in. W.C.......  3.0 in. W.C.
Combined supply fan, motor, and   40%...............  N/A...............  50%...............  45%.
 drive efficiency.
Supply fan control..............  Constant volume...  Fan Cycles with     Constant volume...  VAV w/forward
                                                       call for heating                        curved
                                                       or cooling.                             contrifugal fan
                                                                                               and variable
                                                                                               inlet vanes.
Return fan total static pressure  N/A...............  N/A...............  0.6 in. W.C.......  0.6 in. W.C.
Combined return fan, motor, and   N/A...............  N/A...............  25%...............  25%.
 drive efficiency.

[[Page 60048]]

 
Return fan control..............  N/A...............  N/A...............  Constant volume...  VAV w/forward
                                                                                               curved
                                                                                               centrifugal fan
                                                                                               and discharge
                                                                                               dampers.
Cooling System..................  Direct expansion    Direct expansion    Chilled water       Direct expansion
                                   air cooled.         air cooled.         (Note 1).           air cooled.
Heating System..................  Furnace, heat       Heat pump w/        Hot water (Note 8,  Hot water (Note
                                   pump, or electric   electric            12).                12) or electric
                                   resistance (Note    resistance                              resistance (Note
                                   8).                 auxiliary or air                        B).
                                                       conditioner w/
                                                       space heater
                                                       (Note 8).
Remarks.........................  Dry bulb            No economizer.....  Dry bulb            Dry bulb
                                   economizer per                          economizer per      economizer per
                                   Section 7.4.3                           Section 434.514.    Section 434.514.
                                   (barometric                                                 Minimum VAV
                                   relief).                                                    setting per
                                                                                               434.514 exception
                                                                                               1. Supply air
                                                                                               reset by zone of
                                                                                               greatest cooling
                                                                                               demand.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The systems and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for
  the proposed design.
\2\ For numbered notes see end of Table 517.4.1.


                 Table 517.4.1.--HVAC System Description for Prototype and Reference Buildings 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            HVAC component                    Systems #5               System #6                System #7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
System Description...................  Built-up central VAV     Fourpipe fan coil per    Water source heat pump
                                        with perimeter reheat.   zone with central
                                                                 plant.
Fan system--Design supply circulation  Note 9.................  Note 9.................  Note 10.
 rate.
Supply fan total static pressure.....  4.0 in W.C.............  0.5 in W.C.............  0.5 in. W.C.
Combined supply fan, motor, and drive  55%....................  25A....................  25%.
 efficiency.
Supply fan control...................  VAV w/air-foil           Fan Cycles with call     Fan cycles w/call for
                                        centrifugal fan and AC   for heating or cooling.  heating or cooling.
                                        frequency variable
                                        speed drive.
Return fan total static pressure.....  1.0 in W.C.............  N/A....................  N/A.
Combined return fan, motor, and drive  30%....................  N/A....................  N/A.
 efficiency.
Return fan control...................  VAV with air-foil        N/A....................  N/A.
                                        centrifugal fan and AC
                                        frequency variable
                                        speed drive.
Cooling System.......................  Chilled water (Note 11)  Chilled water (Note 11)  Closed circuit,
                                                                                          centrifugal blower
                                                                                          type cooling tower
                                                                                          sized per Note 11.
                                                                                          Circulating pump sized
                                                                                          for 2.7 GPM per ton.
Heating System.......................  Hot water (Note 12) or   Hot water (Note 12) or   Electric or natural
                                        electric resistance      electric resistance      draft fossil fuel
                                        (Note 8).                (Note 8).                boiler (Note 8).
Remarks..............................  Dry bulb economizer per  No economizer..........  Tower fans and boiler
                                        Section 7.4.3. Minimum                            cycled to maintain
                                        VAV setting per                                   circulating water
                                        Section 7.4.4.3.                                  temperature between 60
                                        Supply air reset by                               and design tower
                                        zone of greatest                                  leaving water
                                        cooling demand.                                   temperature.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Numbered Notes for Table 517.4.1

HVAC System Descriptions for Prototype and Reference Buildings

Notes:

    1. For occupancies such as restaurants, assembly and retail 
which are part of a mixed use building which, according to Table 
517.4.1, includes a central chilled water plant (systems 3, 5, or 
6), chilled water system type 3 or 5, as indicated in the Table, 
shall be used.
    2. Constant volume may be used in zones where pressurization 
relationships must be maintained by code. VAV shall be used in all 
other areas, in accordance with Sec. 517.4
    3. Provide run-around heat recovery systems for all fan systems 
with minimum outside air intake greater than 75%. Recovery 
effectiveness shall be 0.60.
    4. If a warehouse is not intended to be mechanically cooled, 
both the Energy Cost Budgets and Design Energy Costs, may be 
calculated assuming no mechanical cooling.
    5. The system listed is for guest rooms only. Areas such as 
public areas and back-of-house areas shall be served by system 4. 
Other areas such as offices and retail shall be served by the 
systems listed in Table 517.4.1 for those occupancy types.
    6. The system listed is for guest rooms only. Areas such as 
public areas and back-of-house areas shall be served by System 5. 
Other areas such as offices and retail shall be served by the 
systems listed in Table 517.4.1.1 for those occupancy types.
    7. System 2 shall be used for Energy Cost Budget calculation 
except in areas with design heating outside air temperatures less 
than 10 deg.F.
    8. Prototype energy budget cost calculations shall be made using 
both electricity and natural gas. If natural gas is not available at 
the site, electricity and #2 fuel oil shall be used. The Energy Cost 
Budget shall be the lower of these results. Alternatively, the 
Energy Cost Budget may be based on the fuel source that minimizes 
total operating, maintenance, equipment, and installation costs for 
the prototype over the building lifetime. Equipment and installation 
cost estimates shall be prepared using professionally recognized 
cost estimating tools, guides, and techniques. The methods

[[Page 60049]]

of analysis shall conform to those of Subpart A of 10 CFR part 436. 
Energy costs shall be based on actual costs to the building as 
defined in this Section.
    9. Design supply air circulation rate shall be based on a supply 
air to room air temperature differences of 20 deg.F. A higher supply 
air temperature may be used if required to maintain a minimum 
circulation rate of 4.5 air changes per hour or 15 cfm per person at 
design conditions to each zone served by the system. If return fans 
are specified, they shall be sized from the supply fan capacity less 
the required minimum ventilation with outside air, or 75% or the 
supply air capacity, whichever is larger. Except where noted, supply 
and return fans shall be operated continually during occupied hours.
    10. Fan System Energy when included in the efficiency rating of 
the unit as defined in Sec. 403.2.4.3 need not be modeled explicitly 
for this system. The fan shall cycle with calls for heating or 
cooling.
    11. Chilled water systems shall be modeled using a reciprocating 
chiller for systems with total cooling capacities less than 175 
tons, and centrifugal chillers for systems with cooling capacities 
of 175 tons or greater. For systems with cooling or 600 ton or more, 
the Energy Cost Budget shall be calculated using two centrifugal 
chillers lead/lag controlled. Chilled water pumps shall be sized 
using a 12 deg.F temperature rise, from 44 deg.F to 56 deg.F 
operating at 65 feed of head and 65% combined impeller and motor 
efficiency. Condenser water pumps shall be sized using a 10 deg.F 
temperature rise, operating at 60 feet of head and 60% combined 
impeller and motor efficiency. The cooling tower shall be an open 
circuit, centrifugal blower type sized for the larger of 85 deg.F 
leaving water temperature or 10 deg.F approach to design wet bulb 
temperature. The tower shall be controlled to provide a 65 deg.F 
leaving water temperature whenever weather conditions permit, 
floating up to design leaving water temperature at design 
conditions. Chilled water supply temperature shall be reset in 
accordance with Sec. 434.518.
    12. Hot water system shall include a natural draft fossil fuel 
or electric boiler per Note 8. The hot water pump shall be sized 
based on a 30 deg.F temperature drop, for 18 deg.F to 150 deg.F, 
operating at 60 feet of head and a combined impeller and motor 
efficiency of 60%. Hot water supply temperature shall be reset in 
accordance with Sec. 434.518.

    517.5  Equipment Sizing and Redundant Equipment. For calculating 
the Energy Cost Budget of Prototype or Reference Buildings, HVAC 
equipment shall be sized to meet the requirements of subsection 
403.2.2, without using any of the exceptions. The size of equipment 
shall be that required for the building without process loads 
considered. Redundant or emergency equipment need not be simulated if 
it is controlled so that it will not be operated during normal 
operations of the building. The designer shall document the 
installation of process equipment and the size of process loads.
    517.6  For calculating the Design Energy Consumption, actual air 
flow rates and installed equipment size shall be used in the 
simulation, except that excess capacity provided to meet process loads 
need not be modeled unless the process load was not modeled in setting 
Energy Cost Budget. Equipment sizing in the simulation of the Proposed 
Design shall correspond to the equipment actually selected for the 
design and the designer shall not use equipment sized automatically by 
the simulation tool.
    517.6.1  Redundant or emergency equipment need not be simulated if 
it is controlled to not be operated during normal operations of the 
building.


Sec. 434.518  Service water heating.

    518.1  The service water loads for Prototype and Reference 
Buildings are defined in terms of Btu/h per person in Table 518.1.1, 
Service Hot Water Quantities. The service water heating loads from 
Table 518.1.1 are prescribed assumptions for multi-family high-rise 
residential buildings and default assumptions for all other buildings. 
The same service water heating load assumptions shall be made in 
calculating Design Energy Consumption as were used in calculating the 
Energy Cost Budget.

              Table 518.1.1.--Service Hot water Quantities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Btu/person-
                       Building type                           hour\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly...................................................          215
Office.....................................................          175
Retail.....................................................          135
Warehouse..................................................          225
School.....................................................          215
Hotel/Motel................................................         1110
Restaurant.................................................          390
Health.....................................................          135
Multi-family High Rise Residential.........................    \2\ 1700
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This value is the number to be multiplied by the percentage
  multipliers of the Building Profile Schedules in Table 513.2.b. See
  Table 513.2.a for occupancy levels.
\2\ Total hot water use per dwelling unit for each hour shall be 3,400
  Btu/h times the multi-family high rise residential building SWH system
  multiplier from Table 513.2.b.

    518.2  The service water heating system, including piping losses 
for the Prototype Building, shall be modeled using the methods of the 
RS-47 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) using a system that 
meets all requirements of subsection 404. The service water heating 
equipment for the Prototype or Reference Building shall be either an 
electric heat pump or natural gas, or if natural gas is not available 
at the site, #2 fuel oil. Exception: If electric resistance service 
water heating is preferable to an electric heat pump when analyzed 
according to the criteria of Sec. 434.404.1.4 or when service water 
temperatures exceeding 145 deg.F are required for a particular 
application, electric resistance water heating may be used.


Sec. 434.519  Controls.

    519.1  All occupied conditioned spaces in the Prototype, Reference 
and Proposed Design Buildings in all climates shall be simulated as 
being both heated and cooled. The assumptions in this subsection are 
prescribed assumptions. If the Proposed Design does not include 
equipment for cooling or heating, the Design Energy Consumption shall 
be determined by the specifications for calculating the Energy Cost 
Budget as described in Table 517.4.1 HVAC System Description for 
Prototype and Reference Buildings. Exceptions to 519.1 are as follows:
    519.1.1  If a building is to be provided with only heating or 
cooling, both the Prototype or Reference Building and the Proposed 
Design shall be simulated, using the same assumptions. Such an 
assumption cannot be made unless the building interior temperature 
meets the comfort criteria of RS-2 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec. 434.701) at least 98% of the occupied hours during the year.
    519.1.2  If warehouses are not intended to be mechanically cooled, 
both the Energy Cost Budget and Design Energy Consumption shall be 
modeled assuming no mechanical cooling; and
    519.1.3  In climates where winter design temperature (97.5% 
occurrence) is greater than 59 deg.F, space heating need not be 
modeled.
    519.2   Space temperature controls for the Prototype or Reference 
Building, except multi-family high-rise residential buildings, shall be 
set at 70 deg.F for space heating and 75 deg.F for space cooling with a 
deadband per subsection 403.2.6.3. The system shut off during off-hours 
shall be according to the schedule in Table 515.2, except that the 
heating system shall cycle on if any space should drop below the night 
setback setting of 55 deg.F. There shall be no similar setpoint during 
the cooling season. Lesser deadband ranges may be used in calculating 
the Design Energy Consumption. Exceptions to 519.2 are as follows:
    (a) Setback shall not be modeled in determining either the Energy 
Cost Budget or Design Energy Cost if setback is not realistic for the 
Proposed Design, such as 24-hour/day operations. Health facilities need 
not have night setback during the heating season; and

[[Page 60050]]

    (b) Hotel/motels and multi-family high-rise residential buildings 
shall have a night setback temperature of 60 deg.F from 11:00 p.m. to 
6:00 a.m. during the heating season; and
    (c) If deadband controls are not to be installed, the Design Energy 
Cost shall be calculated with both heating and cooling thermostat 
setpoints set to the same value between 70 deg.F and 75 deg.F 
inclusive, assumed to be constant for the year.
    519.2.1  For multi-family buildings, the thermostat schedule for 
the dwelling units shall be as in Table 519.1.2, Thermostat Settings 
for Multi-Family High-rise Buildings. The Prototype Building shall use 
the single zone schedule. The Proposed Design shall use the two-zone 
schedule only if zonal thermostatic controls are provided. For Proposed 
Designs that use heat pumps employing supplementary heat, the controls 
used to switch on the auxiliary heat source during morning warm-up 
periods shall be simulated accurately. The thermostat assumptions for 
multi-family high-rise buildings are prescribed assumptions.
    519.3  When providing for outdoor air ventilation in calculating 
the Energy Cost Budget, controls shall be assumed to close the outside 
air intake to reduce the flow of outside air to 0 cfm during setback 
and unoccupied periods. Ventilation using inside air may still be 
required to maintain scheduled setback temperature. Outside air 
ventilation, during occupied periods, shall be as required by RS-41, 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 434.701) or the Proposed Design, 
whichever is greater.
    519.4  If humidification is to be used in the Proposed Design, the 
same level of humidification and system type shall be used in the 
Prototype or Reference Building. If dehumidification requires 
subcooling of supply air, then reheat for the Prototype or Reference 
Building shall be from recovered waste heat such as condenser waste 
heat.

                                  Table 519.1.2.--Thermostat Settings for Multi-Family High-Rise Residential Buildings
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Single zone dwelling unit                                 Two zone dwelling unit
                                       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Time of day                                                              Bedrooms/bathrooms                        Other rooms
                                               Heat               Cool       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     Heat               Cool               Heat               Cool
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Midnight-6 a.m........................                 60                 78                 60                 78                 60                 85
6 a.m.-9 a.m..........................                 70                 78                 70                 78                 70                 78
9 a.m.-5 p.m..........................                 70                 78                 60                 85                 70                 78
5 p.m.-11 p.m.........................                 70                 78                 70                 78                 70                 78
11 p.m.-Midnight......................                 60                 78                 60                 78                 60                 78
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 434.520  Speculative buildings.

    520.1  Lighting. The interior lighting power allowance (ILPA) for 
calculating the Energy Cost Budget shall be determined from Table 
401.3.2a. The Design Energy Consumption may be based on an assumed 
adjusted lighting power for future lighting improvements.
    520.2  The assumption about future lighting power used to calculate 
the Design Energy Consumption must be documented so that the future 
installed lighting systems may be in compliance with these standards. 
Documentation must be provided to enable future lighting systems to use 
either the Prescriptive method or the Systems Performance method of 
subsection 401.3.
    520.3  Documentation for future lighting systems that use 
subsection 401.3 shall be stated as a maximum adjusted lighting power 
for the tenant spaces. The adjusted lighting power allowance for tenant 
spaces shall account for the lighting power provided for the common 
areas of the building.
    520.4  Documentation for future lighting systems that use 
subsection 401.3 shall be stated as a required lighting adjustment. The 
required lighting adjustment is the whole building lighting power 
assumed in order to calculate the Design Energy Consumption minus the 
ILPA value from Table 401.3.2c that was used to calculate the Energy 
Cost Budget. When the required lighting adjustment is less than zero, a 
complete lighting design must be developed for one or more 
representative tenant spaces, demonstrating acceptable lighting within 
the limits of the assumed lighting power allowance.
    520.5.  HVAC Systems and Equipment. If the HVAC system is not 
completely specified in the plans, the Design Energy Consumption shall 
be based on reasonable assumptions about the construction of future 
HVAC systems and equipment. These assumptions shall be documented so 
that future HVAC systems and equipment may be in compliance with these 
standards.


Sec. 434.521  The simulation tool.

    521.1  Annual energy consumption shall be simulated with a multi-
zone, 8760 hours per year building energy model. The model shall 
account for:
    521.1.1  The dynamic heat transfer of the building envelope such as 
solar and internal gains;
    521.1.2  Equipment efficiencies as a function of load and climate;
    521.1.3  Lighting and HVAC system controls and distribution systems 
by simulating the whole building;
    521.1.4  The operating schedule of the building including night 
setback during various times of the year; and
    521.1.5  Energy consumption information at a level necessary to 
determine the Energy Cost Budget and Design Energy Cost through the 
appropriate utility rate schedules.
    521.1.6  While the simulation tool should simulate an entire year 
on an hour by hour basis (8760 hours), programs that approximate this 
dynamic analysis procedure and provide equivalent results are 
acceptable.
    521.1.7  Simulation tools shall be selected for their ability to 
simulate accurately the relevant features of the building in question, 
as shown in the tool's documentation. For example, a single-zone model 
shall not be used to simulate a large, multi-zone building, and a 
steady-state model such as the degree-day method shall not be used to 
simulate buildings when equipment efficiency or performance is 
significantly affected by the dynamic patterns of weather, solar 
radiation, and occupancy. Relevant energy-related features shall be 
addressed by a model such as daylighting, atriums or sunspaces, night 
ventilation or thermal storage, chilled water storage or heat recovery, 
active or passive solar systems, zoning and controls of heating and 
cooling systems, and ground-coupled buildings. In addition, models 
shall be capable of translating the Design Energy Consumption into 
energy cost using actual utility rate schedules with the coincidental 
electrical demand of a building. Examples of public domain models 
capable of handling

[[Page 60051]]

such complex building systems and energy cost translations available in 
the United States are DOE--2.1C and BLAST 3.0 and in Canada, Energy 
Systems Analysis Series.
    521.1.8  All simulation tools shall use scientifically justifiable 
documented techniques and procedures for modeling building loads, 
systems, and equipment. The algorithms used in the program shall have 
been verified by comparison with experimental measurements, loads, 
systems, and equipment.

Subpart F--Building Energy Compliance Alternative


Sec. 434.601  General.

    601.1  This subpart provides an alternative path for compliance 
with the standards that allow for greater flexibility in the design of 
energy efficient buildings using an annual energy use method. This path 
provides an opportunity for the use of innovative designs, materials, 
and equipment such as daylighting, passive solar heating, and heat 
recovery, that may not be adequately evaluated by methods found in 
Subpart D.
    601.2  The Building Energy Compliance Alternative shall be used 
with subpart C and subpart D, 401.1, 401.2, 401.3.4 and in conjunction 
with the minimum requirements found in subsections 402.1, 402.2, and 
402.3., 403.1, 403.2.1-7, 403.2.9 and 404.
    601.3  Compliance under this section is demonstrated by showing 
that the calculated annual energy usage for the Proposed Design is less 
than or equal to a calculated Energy Use Budget. (See Figure 601.3, 
Building Energy Compliance Alternative). The analytical procedures in 
this subpart are only for determining design compliance, and are not to 
be used either to predict, document or verify annual energy 
consumption.

[[Page 60052]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.017


[[Page 60053]]


    601.4  Compliance under the Building Energy Use Budget method 
requires a detailed energy analysis, using a conventional simulation 
tool, of the Proposed Design. A life cycle cost analysis shall be used 
to select the fuel source for the HVAC systems, service hot water, and 
process loads from available alternatives. The Annual Energy 
Consumption of the Proposed Design with the life cycle cost-effective 
fuel selection is calculated to determine the modeled energy 
consumption, called the Design Energy Use.
    601.5 The Design Energy Use is defined as the energy that is 
consumed within the five foot line of a proposed building per 
ft2 over a 24-hour day, 365-day year period and specified 
operating hours. The calculated Design Energy Use is then compared to a 
calculated Energy Use Budget.
    601.6 Compliance. The Energy Use Budget is determined by 
calculating the annual energy usage for a Reference or Prototype 
Building that is configured to comply with the provisions of Subpart E 
for such buildings, except that the fuel source(s) of the Prototype or 
Reference Building shall be the same life cycle cost-effective 
source(s) selected for the Proposed Design. If the Design Energy Use is 
less than or equal to the Energy Use Budget then the proposed design 
complies with these standards.
    601.7 This section provides instructions for determining the Design 
Energy Use and for calculating the Energy Use Budget. The Energy Use 
Budget is the highest allowable calculated annual energy consumption 
for a specified building design. Designers are encouraged to design 
buildings whose Design Energy Use is lower than the Energy Use Budget.


Sec. 434.602  Determination of the annual energy budget.

    602.1 The Energy Use Budget shall be calculated for the appropriate 
Prototype or Reference Building in accordance with the procedures 
prescribed in subsection 502 with the following exceptions: The Energy 
Use Budget shall be stated in units of Btu/ft2/yr and the 
simulation tool shall segregate the calculated energy consumption by 
fuel type producing an Energy Use Budget for each fuel (the fuel 
selections having been made by a life cycle cost analysis in 
determining the proposed design).
    602.2 The Energy Use Budget is calculated similarly for the 
Reference or Prototype Building using equation 602.2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.029

    Where EUB1, EUB2, EUBi are the 
calculated annual energy targets for each fuel used in the Reference or 
Prototype building and f1, f2, . . . 
fi are the energy conversion factors given in Table 602.2, 
Fuel Conversion Factors for Computing Design Annual Energy Uses. In 
lieu of case by case calculation of the Energy Use Budget, the designer 
may construct Energy Use Budget tables for the combinations of energy 
source(s) that may be considered in a set of project designs, such as 
electric heating, electric service water, and gas cooling or oil 
heating, gas service water and electric cooling. The values in such 
optional Energy Use Budget tables shall be equal to or less than the 
corresponding Energy Use Budgets calculated on a case by case basis 
according to this section. Energy Use Budget tables shall be 
constructed to correspond to the climatic regions and building types in 
accordance with provisions for Prototype or Reference Building models 
in subpart E of this part.

   Table 602.2.--Fuel Conversion Factors, for Computing Design Annual
                               Energy Uses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Fuels                          Conversion factor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electricity............................  3412 Btu/kilowatt hour.
Fuel Oil...............................  138,700 Btu/gallon.
Natural Gas............................  1,031,000 Btu/1000 ft\2\.
Liquified Petroleum (including Propane   95,5000 Btu/gallon.
 and Butane).
Anthracite Coal........................  28,300,000 Btu/short ton.
Bituminous Coal........................  24,580,000 Btu/short ton.
Purchase Steam and Steam from Central    1,000 Btu/Pound.
 Plants.
High Temperature or Medium Temperature   Use the heat value based on the
 Water from Central Plants.               water actually delivered at
                                          the building five foot line.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: At specific locations where the energy source Btu content varies
  significantly from the value presented above then the local fuel value
  may be used provided there is supporting documentation from the fuel
  source supplier stating this actual energy value and varifying that
  this value will remain consistent for the foreseeable future. The fuel
  content for fuels not given this table shall be determined from the
  best available source.

Sec. 434.603  Determination of the design energy use.

    603.1  The Design Energy Use shall be calculated by modeling the 
Proposed Design using the same methods, assumptions, climate data, and 
simulation tool as were used to establish the Energy Use Budget, but 
with the design features that will be used in the final building 
design. The simulation tool used shall segregate the calculated energy 
consumption by fuel type giving an annual Design Energy Use for each 
fuel. The sum of the Design Energy Uses multiplied by the fuel 
conversion factors in Table 602.2 yields the Design Energy Use for the 
proposed design:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.030

    Where f1, f2, * * * fi are the 
fuel conversion factors in Table 602.2.
    603.2 Required Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Fuel Selection
    603.2.1 Fuel sources selected for the Proposed Design and Prototype 
or Reference buildings shall be determined

[[Page 60054]]

by considering the energy cost and other costs and cost savings that 
occur during the expected economic life of the alternative.
    603.2.2 The designer shall use the procedures set forth in subpart 
A of 10 CFR part 436 to make this determination. The fuel selection 
life cycle cost analysis shall include the following steps:
    603.2.2.1 Determine the feasible alternatives for energy sources of 
the Proposed Design's HVAC systems, service hot water, and process 
loads.
    603.2.2.2 Model the Proposed Design including the alternative HVAC 
and service water systems and conduct an annual energy analysis for 
each fuel source alternative using the simulation tool specified in 
this section. The annual energy analysis shall be computed on a monthly 
basis in conformance with subpart E with the exception that all process 
loads shall be included in the calculation. Separate the output of the 
analysis by fuel type.
    603.2.2.3 Determine the unit price of each fuel using information 
from the utility or other reliable local source. During rapid changes 
in fuel prices it is recommended that an average fuel price for the 
previous twelve months be used in lieu of the current price. Calculate 
the annual energy cost of each energy source alternative in accordance 
with procedures in subpart E for the Design Energy Cost. Estimate the 
initial cost of the HVAC and service water systems and other initial 
costs such as energy distribution lines and service connection fees 
associated with each fuel source alternative. Estimate other costs and 
benefits for each alternative including, but not necessarily limited 
to, annual maintenance and repair, periodic and one time major repairs 
and replacements and salvage of the energy and service water systems. 
Cost estimates shall be prepared using professionally recognized cost 
estimating tools, guides and techniques.
    603.2.2.4 Perform a life cycle cost analysis using the procedure 
specified in subsection 603.2.
    603.2.2.5 Compare the total life cycle cost of each energy source 
alternative. The alternative with the lowest total life cycle cost 
shall be chosen as the energy source for the proposed design.


Sec. 434.604  Compliance.

    604.1 Compliance with this section is demonstrated if the Design 
Energy Use is equal to or less than the Energy Use Budget.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC00.031

    604.2 The energy consumption shall be measured at the building five 
foot line for all fuels. Energy consumed from non-depletable energy 
sources and heat recovery systems shall not be included in the Design 
Energy Use calculations. The thermal efficiency of fixtures, equipment, 
systems or plants in the proposed design shall be simulated by the 
selected calculation tool.


Sec. 434.605  Standard Calculation Procedure.

    605.1 The Standard Calculation Procedure consists of methods and 
assumptions for calculating the Energy Use Budgets for Prototype and 
Reference Buildings and the Energy Use for the Proposed Design. In 
order to maintain consistency between the Energy Use Budgets and the 
Design Energy Use, the input assumptions stated in subsection 510.2 are 
to be used.
    605.2 The terms Energy Cost Budget and Design Energy Cost or Design 
Energy Consumption used in subpart E of this part correlate to Energy 
Use Budget and Design Energy Use, respectively, in subpart F of this 
part.


Sec. 434.606  Simulation tool.

    606.1 The criteria established in subsection 521 for the selection 
of a simulation tool shall be followed when using the compliance path 
prescribed in subpart F of this part.


Sec. 434.607  Life cycle cost analysis criteria.

    607.1 The following life cycle cost criteria applies to the fuel 
selection requirements of this subpart and to option life cycle cost 
analyses performed to evaluate energy conservation design alternatives. 
The fuel source(s) selection shall be made in accordance with the 
requirements of subpart A of 10 CFR part 436. When performing optional 
life cycle cost analyses of energy conservation opportunities the 
designer may use the life cycle cost procedures of subpart A of 10 CFR 
part 436 or OMB Circular 1-94 or an equivalent procedure that meets the 
assumptions listed below:
    607.1.1 The economic life of the Prototype Building and Proposed 
Design shall be 25 years. Anticipated replacements or renovations of 
energy related features and systems in the Prototype or Reference 
Building and Proposed Design during this period shall be included in 
their respective life cycle cost calculations.
    607.1.2 The designer shall follow established professional cost 
estimating practices when determining the costs and benefits associated 
with the energy related features of the Prototype or Reference Building 
and Proposed Design.
    607.1.3 All costs shall be expressed in current dollars. General 
inflation shall be disregarded. Differential escalation of prices 
(prices estimated to rise faster or slower than general inflation) for 
energy used in the life cycle cost calculations shall be those in 
effect at the time of the latest ``Annual Energy Outlook'' (DOE/EIA-
0383) as published by the Department of Energy's Energy Information 
Administration.
    607.1.4 The economic effects of taxes, depreciation and other 
factors not consistent with the practices of subpart A of 10 CFR part 
436 shall not be included in the life cycle cost calculation.

Subpart G--Reference Standards


Sec. 434.701  General.

    701.1 General. The standards, technical handbooks, papers, 
regulations, and portions thereof, that are referred to in the sections 
and subsections in the following list are hereby incorporated by 
reference into this part 434. The following standards have been 
approved for incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal 
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 522(a) and 1 CFR part 51. A notice 
of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal 
Register. The standards incorporated by reference are available for 
inspection at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol 
Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC and the U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency, Hearings and Dockets, Forrestal 
Building, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585. The 
standards may be purchased at the addresses listed at the end of each 
standard. The following standards are incorporated by reference in this 
part:

[[Page 60055]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Ref. No.              Standard designation      CFR section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
RS-1..........................  ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1- 434.301.1;
                                 1989, Energy            434.402.1.2.4;
                                 Efficient Design of     434.402.4.2;
                                 New Buildings Except    434.403.2.1.
                                 Low-Rise Residential
                                 Buildings, and
                                 Addenda 90.1b-1992,
                                 90.1c-1993, 90.1d-
                                 1992, 90.1e-1992,
                                 90.1f-1995, 90.1g-
                                 1993, 90.1i-1993,
                                 American Society of
                                 Heating,
                                 Refrigerating and Air-
                                 Conditioning
                                 Engineers, Inc.,
                                 ASHRAE 1791 Tullie
                                 Circle NE, Atlanta,
                                 GA 30329.
RS-2..........................  ANSI/ASHRAE 55-1992     434.301.2;
                                 including addenda 55a-  434.519.1.1.
                                 1995, Thermal
                                 Environmental
                                 Conditions for Human
                                 Occupancy, American
                                 Society of Heating,
                                 Refrigerating and Air-
                                 Conditioning
                                 Engineers, Inc., 1791
                                 Tullie Circle NE,
                                 Atlanta, GA 30329.
RS-3..........................  NEMA MG1-1993,          434.401.2.1.
                                 ``Motors and
                                 Generators,''
                                 Revision No. 1,
                                 December 7, 1993,
                                 National Electrical
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association, 1300
                                 North 17th Street,
                                 Suite 1847, Rosslyn,
                                 VA 22209.
RS-4..........................  ASHRAE, Handbook, 1993  434.402.1.1;
                                 Fundamentals Volume,    434.402.1.2.1;
                                 American Society of     434.402.1.2.2;
                                 Heating,                434.402.1.2.4;
                                 Refrigerating, and      434.402.2.2.5.
                                 Air-Conditioning
                                 Engineers, Inc., 1791
                                 Tullie Circle NE,
                                 Atlanta, GA 30329.
RS-5..........................  ASTM C 177-85           434.402.1.1;
                                 (Reapproved 1993),      434.402.1.2.1;
                                 Test Method for         434.402.1.2.2.
                                 Steady-State Heat
                                 Flux Measurements and
                                 Thermal Transmission
                                 Properties by Means
                                 of the Guarded-Hot-
                                 Plate Apparatus,
                                 American Society for
                                 Testing and
                                 Materials, 1916 Race
                                 Street, Philadelphia,
                                 PA 19103.
RS-6..........................  ASTM C 518-91, Test     434.402.1.1;
                                 Method for Steady-      434.402.1.2.1;
                                 State Heat Flux         Table
                                 Measurements and        402.1.2.2;
                                 Thermal Transmission    Table
                                 Properties by Means     403.2.9.2.
                                 of the Heat Flow
                                 Meter Apparatus,
                                 American Society for
                                 Testing and
                                 Materials, 1916 Race
                                 Street, Philadelphia,
                                 PA 19103.
RS-7..........................  ASTM C 236-89           434.402.1.1;
                                 (Reapproved 1993),      434.402.1.2.1;
                                 Test Method for         434.402.1.2.2.
                                 Steady-State Thermal
                                 Performance of
                                 Building Assemblies
                                 by Means of a Guarded
                                 Hot Box, American
                                 Society for Testing
                                 and Materials, 1916
                                 Race Street,
                                 Philadelphia, PA
                                 19103.
RS-8..........................  ASTM C 976-90, Test     434.402.1.1;
                                 Method for Thermal      434.402.1.2.1;
                                 Performance of          434.402.1.2.2.
                                 Building Assemblies
                                 by Means of a
                                 Calibrated Hot Box,
                                 American Society for
                                 Testing and
                                 Materials, 1916 Race
                                 Street, Philadelphia,
                                 PA 19103.
RS-9..........................  Report TVAHB-3007,      434.402.1.2.3.
                                 1981, ``Thermal
                                 Bridges in Sheet
                                 Metal Construction''
                                 by Gudni Johannesson.
                                 Lund Institute of
                                 Technology, Lund,
                                 Sweden.
RS-10.........................  ASTM E 283-91, Test     434.402.2;
                                 Method for              434.402.2.1.
                                 Determining the Rate
                                 of Air Leakage
                                 Through Exterior
                                 Windows, Curtain
                                 Walls, and Doors
                                 Under Specified
                                 Pressure Difference
                                 Across the Specimen,
                                 American Society for
                                 Testing and
                                 Materials, 1916 Race
                                 Street, Philadelphia,
                                 PA 19103.
RS-11.........................  ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/    434.402.2.1;
                                 I.S.2-97, Voluntary     434.402.2.2.4.
                                 Specifications for
                                 Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC)
                                 and Wood Windows and
                                 Glass Doors, American
                                 Architectural
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association, 1827
                                 Walden Office Square,
                                 Suite 104,
                                 Schaumburg, IL 60173-
                                 4628.
RS-12.........................  ASTM D 4099-95,         434.402.2.1.
                                 Standard
                                 Specification for
                                 Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
                                 (PVC) Prime Windows/
                                 Sliding Glass Doors,
                                 American Society for
                                 Testing and
                                 Materials, 1916 Race
                                 Street, Philadelphia,
                                 PA 19103.
RS-13.........................  ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/    434.402.2.1.
                                 I.S.2-97, Voluntary
                                 Specifications for
                                 Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC)
                                 and Wood Windows and
                                 Glass Doors, National
                                 Wood Window and Door
                                 Association (formerly
                                 the National Woodwork
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association), 1400
                                 East Toughy Avenue,
                                 Suite 470, Des
                                 Plaines, IL 60018.
RS-14.........................  ANSI/NWWDA I.S.3-95,    434.402.2.2.1.
                                 Wood Sliding Patio
                                 Doors, National Wood
                                 Window and Door
                                 Association (formerly
                                 the National Woodwork
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association), 1400
                                 East Toughy Avenue,
                                 Suite 470, Des
                                 Plaines, IL 60018.
RS-15.........................  ARI Standard 210/240-   434.403.1.
                                 94, Unitary Air-
                                 Conditioning and Air-
                                 Source Heat Pump
                                 Equipment 1994. Air-
                                 Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive, Suite
                                 425, Arlington, VA
                                 22203.
RS-16.........................  ARI Standard 340/360-   434.403.1.
                                 93, Commercial and
                                 Industrial Unitary
                                 Air-Conditioning and
                                 Heat Pump Equipment
                                 1993 edition. Air-
                                 Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive, Suite
                                 425, Arlington, VA
                                 22203.
RS-17.........................  ARI 310/380-93,         434.403.1.
                                 Packaged Terminal Air-
                                 Conditioners and Heat
                                 Pumps, 1993 edition.
                                 Air-Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive, Suite
                                 425, Arlington, VA
                                 22203.
RS-18.........................  NFRC 100-97, Procedure  434.402.1.2.4.
                                 for Determining
                                 Fenestration Product
                                 Thermal Properties,
                                 National Fenestration
                                 Rating Council, Inc.,
                                 1300 Spring Street,
                                 Suite 500, Silver
                                 Spring, MD 20910.
RS-19.........................  NFRC 200--Procedure     434.402.1.2.4.
                                 for Determining
                                 Fenestration Product
                                 Solar Heat Gain
                                 Coefficients at
                                 Normal Incidence
                                 (1995) National
                                 Fenestration Rating
                                 Council, Inc., 1300
                                 Spring Street, Suite
                                 500, Silver Spring,
                                 MD 20910.

[[Page 60056]]

 
RS-20.........................  RESERVED..............
RS-21.........................  Z21.47-1993, Gas-Fired  434.403.1.
                                 Central Furnaces,
                                 including addenda
                                 Z21.47a-1995,
                                 American Gas
                                 Association, 400
                                 North Capitol Street,
                                 N.W. Washington, DC
                                 20001.
RS-22.........................  U.L. 727, including     434.403.1.
                                 addendum dated
                                 January 30, 1996, Oil-
                                 Fired Central
                                 Furnaces (Eighth
                                 Edition) 1994,
                                 available from:
                                 Global Documents, 15
                                 Inverness Way East,
                                 Englewood, CO 80112-
                                 5704, Underwriters
                                 Laboratories,
                                 Northbrook, IL 60062,
                                 1994..
RS-23.........................  ANSI Z83.9-90,          434.403.1.
                                 Including addenda
                                 Z83.9a-1992, Gas-
                                 Fired Duct Furnaces,
                                 1990. (Addendum
                                 90.1b) available
                                 from: Global
                                 Documents, 15
                                 Inverness Way East,
                                 Englewood, CO 80112-
                                 5704.
RS-24.........................  ANSI Z83.8-96, Gas      434.403.1.
                                 Unit Heater and Gas-
                                 Fired Duct Furnaces,
                                 American National
                                 Standards Institute,
                                 11 West 42nd Street,
                                 New York, NY 10036.
RS-25.........................  U.L. 731, Oil-Fired     434.403.1.
                                 Unit Heaters (Fifth
                                 Edition) 1995
                                 available from:
                                 Global Documents, 15
                                 Inverness Way East,
                                 Englewood, CO 80112-
                                 5704, Underwriters
                                 Laboratories,
                                 Northbrook, IL 60062.
RS-26.........................  CTI Standard-201,       434.403.1.
                                 Standard for the
                                 Certification of
                                 Water-Cooling Towers
                                 Thermal Performance,
                                 November 1996,
                                 Cooling Tower
                                 Institute, P.O. Box
                                 73383, Houston, TX
                                 77273.
RS-27.........................  ARI Standard 320-93,    434.403.1.
                                 Water-Source Heat
                                 Pumps, Air-
                                 Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive,
                                 Arlington, VA 22203.
RS-28.........................  ARI Standard 325-93,    434.403.1.
                                 Ground Water-Source
                                 Heat Pumps, Air-
                                 Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive,
                                 Arlington, VA 22203.
RS-29.........................  ARI Standard 365-94,    434.403.1.
                                 Commercial and
                                 Industrial Unitary
                                 Air-Conditioning
                                 Condensing Units, Air-
                                 Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive,
                                 Arlington, VA 22203.
RS-30.........................  ARI Standard 550-92,    434.403.1.
                                 Centrifugal and
                                 Rotary Screw Water-
                                 Chilling Packages,
                                 Air-Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive,
                                 Arlington, VA 22203.
RS-31.........................  ARI Standard 590-92,    434.403.1.
                                 Positive Displacement
                                 Compressor Water-
                                 Chilling Packages,
                                 Air-Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive,
                                 Arlington, VA 22203.
RS-32.........................  ANSI Z21.13-1991,       434.403.1.
                                 including addenda Gas-
                                 Fired Low-Pressure
                                 Steam and Hot Water
                                 Boilers, Addenda
                                 Z21.13a-1993 and Z21-
                                 13b-1994, American
                                 National Standards
                                 Institute, 11 West
                                 42nd Street, New
                                 York, NY 10036.
RS-33.........................  ANSI/U.L. 726 (7th      434.403.1.
                                 edition, 1995), Oil-
                                 Fired Boiler
                                 Assemblies, available
                                 from: Global
                                 Documents, 15
                                 Inverness Way East,
                                 Englewood, CO 80112-
                                 5704, Underwriters
                                 Laboratories,
                                 Northbrook, IL 60062.
RS-34.........................  HVAC Duct Construction  434.403.2.9.3.
                                 Standards--Metal and
                                 Flexible, 2nd
                                 edition, 1995, Sheet
                                 Metal and Air-
                                 Conditioning
                                 Contractors' National
                                 Association, Inc.,
                                 4201 Lafayette Center
                                 Drive, Chantilly, VA
                                 20151.
RS-35.........................  HVAC Air Duct Leakage   434.403.2.9.3;
                                 Test Manual, 1st        434.403.1.
                                 edition, 1985, Sheet
                                 Metal and Air-
                                 Conditioning
                                 Contractors' National
                                 Association, Inc.,
                                 4201 Lafayette Center
                                 Drive, Chantilly, VA
                                 20151.
RS-36.........................  Fibrous Glass Duct      434.403.2.9.3.
                                 Construction
                                 Standards, 6th
                                 edition, 1992, Sheet
                                 Metal and Air-
                                 Conditioning
                                 Contractors National
                                 Association, Inc.,
                                 4201 Lafayette Center
                                 Drive, Chantilly, VA
                                 20151.
RS-37.........................  RESERVED..............
RS-38.........................  ANSI Z21.56-1994, Gas-  Table 404.1.
                                 Fired Pool Heaters;
                                 Addenda Z21.56a-1996,
                                 American National
                                 Standards Institute,
                                 11 West 42nd Street,
                                 New York, NY 10036;
                                 American Gas
                                 Association, 1515
                                 Wilson Boulevard,
                                 Arlington, VA 22209.
RS-39.........................  ANSI Z21.10.3-1993,     Table 404.1;
                                 Gas Water Heaters,      434.404.1.1.
                                 Volume III, Storage
                                 with Input Ratings
                                 above 75,000 Btu's
                                 per Hour, Circulating
                                 and Instantaneous
                                 Water Heaters,
                                 American National
                                 Standards Institute,
                                 11 West 42nd Street,
                                 New York, NY 10036;
                                 American Gas
                                 Association, 1515
                                 Wilson Boulevard,
                                 Arlington, VA 22209.
RS-40.........................  ANSI/AHAM RAC-1-1992,   434.403.1.
                                 Room Air
                                 Conditioners,
                                 Association of Home
                                 Appliance
                                 Manufacturers, 20
                                 North Wacker Drive,
                                 Chicago, IL 60606.
RS-41.........................  ASHRAE Standard 62-     434.403.2.4;
                                 1989, Ventilation for   434.403.2.8;
                                 Acceptable Indoor Air   434.519.3.
                                 Quality, American
                                 Society of Heating,
                                 Refrigerating and Air-
                                 Conditioning
                                 Engineers, 1791 Tulle
                                 Circle, Atlanta, GA
                                 30329.
RS-42.........................  ANSI Z21.66-1996,       434.404.1.
                                 Automatic Vent Damper
                                 Devices for Use with
                                 Gas-Fired Appliances,
                                 available from:
                                 Global Documents, 15
                                 Inverness Way East,
                                 Englewood, CO 80112-
                                 5704..
RS-43.........................  NEMA MG 10-1994,        434.401.2.1.
                                 Energy Management
                                 Guide for Selection
                                 and Use of Polyphase
                                 Motors, National
                                 Electric
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association, National
                                 Electrical
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association, 1300
                                 North 17th Street,
                                 Suite 1847, Rosslyn,
                                 VA 22209.

[[Page 60057]]

 
RS-44.........................  NEMA MG 11-1977         434.401.2.1.
                                 (Revised 1982, 1987,
                                 Energy Management
                                 Guide for Selection
                                 and Use of Single-
                                 Phase Motors,
                                 National Electrical
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association, National
                                 Electrical
                                 Manufacturers
                                 Association, 1300
                                 North 17th Street,
                                 Suite 1847, Rosslyn,
                                 VA 22209.
RS-45.........................  ARI Standard 330-93,    434.403.1.
                                 Ground-Source Closed-
                                 Loop Heat Pumps, Air-
                                 Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive,
                                 Arlington, VA 22209.
RS-46.........................  ARI Standard 560-92,    434.403.1.
                                 Absorption Water
                                 Chilling and Water
                                 Heating Packages, Air-
                                 Conditioning and
                                 Refrigeration
                                 Institute, 4301 North
                                 Fairfax Drive,
                                 Arlington, VA 22209.
RS-47.........................  ASHRAE, Handbook, HVAC  434.518.2.
                                 Applications; I-P
                                 Edition, 1995,
                                 American Society of
                                 Heating,
                                 Refrigerating, and
                                 Air-Conditioning
                                 Engineers, Inc., 1791
                                 Tullie Circle NE,
                                 Atlanta, GA 30329.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 00-17120 Filed 10-5-00; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P