[Federal Register Volume 65, Number 77 (Thursday, April 20, 2000)]
[Notices]
[Pages 21242-21282]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 00-9816]



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Part II





Office of Management and Budget





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North American Industry Classification System--Update for 2002; Notice

  Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 77 / Thursday, April 20, 2000 / 
Notices  

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OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET


North American Industry Classification System--Update for 2002

AGENCY:  Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the 
President.

ACTION:  Notice of solicitation of comments on the Economic 
Classification Policy Committee's recommendations for the 2002 revision 
of the North American Industry Classification System.

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SUMMARY:  Under Title 44 U.S.C. 3504(e), the Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB) seeks public comment on the advisability of adopting the 
proposed North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) updates 
for 2002. OMB's Economic Classification Policy Committee (ECPC) 
recommends an update of the industry classification system to extend 
the harmonized three-country classification structure to construction 
and to recognize important changes in the retail trade and information 
sectors. In addition, as an interim measure in the United States, the 
ECPC recommends restructuring of the Wholesale Trade sector to reflect 
differences in production functions and to capture more accurately the 
rapidly-growing business-to-business electronic markets developing in 
the United States.
    This notice: (1) Summarizes the background for the proposed 
revisions to NAICS 1997 in Part I; (2) contains a summary of public 
comments in Part II; (3) details the proposed structure changes agreed 
upon by the three countries in Part III; and (4) provides a 
comprehensive listing of proposed changes for national industries and 
their link to NAICS 1997 industries in Part IV.
    OMB published a notification of intention to complete portions of 
NAICS in a February 25, 1999, Federal Register notice (64 FR 9416-
9419). That notice solicited comments on the advisability of revising 
the NAICS 1997 structure for 2002 and solicited comments on the 
creation of new industries in the Construction and Wholesale Trade 
Sectors, modifications to the national industries for department stores 
and nonstore retailers, and other changes identified as necessary 
during the initial implementation of NAICS 1997. The deadline for 
submitting comments was April 26, 1999.
    After considering all proposals from the public, consulting with a 
large number of U.S. data users and industry groups, and undertaking 
extensive discussions with Statistics Canada and Mexico's Instituto 
Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica (INEGI), the ECPC, 
INEGI, and Statistics Canada developed a revised structure for both the 
Construction and Information sectors of NAICS that would apply to all 
three North American countries.
    For Wholesale Trade, after extensive discussions with Statistics 
Canada and INEGI, the representatives of the three countries' 
statistical agencies decided to delay three-country changes to this 
sector and instead plan for a complete restructuring of the 
distribution network industries (wholesale, retail, transportation, and 
warehousing) in 2007. In the interim the ECPC recommends restructuring 
the Wholesale Trade sector to reflect differences in production 
functions between those wholesalers that take title to goods and those 
that do not, and to capture more accurately the rapidly-growing 
business-to-business electronic markets developing in the United 
States. The ECPC also developed proposed additional U.S. industry 
detail in the Retail Trade sector for NAICS United States. The ECPC 
recommends that NAICS United States 2002 incorporate these changes as 
shown in Parts III and IV.
    Following an extensive process of development and discussions by 
the ECPC, with maximum possible public input, OMB seeks comment on the 
advisability of revising NAICS to incorporate the changes published in 
this notice. The modified NAICS would be employed in relevant data 
collections by all U.S. statistical agencies beginning with the 
reference year 2002. Statistics Canada and INEGI are recommending 
acceptance of the proposed revision of the NAICS system for industry 
classification in the statistical programs of their national systems 
and are seeking comments in their respective countries. Representatives 
of the three countries will hold further discussions to consider public 
comments that they receive.

DATES:  To ensure consideration of comments on the adoption and 
implementation of the NAICS revisions detailed in this notice, comments 
must be in writing. You should submit them as soon as possible, but no 
later than June 19, 2000. This proposed revision to NAICS would become 
effective in the U.S. on January 1, 2002.

ADDRESSES:  You should send correspondence about the adoption and 
implementation of NAICS revisions as shown in this Federal Register 
notice to: Katherine K. Wallman, Chief Statistician, Office of 
Management and Budget, 10201 New Executive Office Building, Washington, 
DC 20503, telephone number: (202) 395-3093, FAX number: (202) 395-7245.
    You should address inquiries about the content of industries or 
requests for electronic copies of the tables to: Carole Ambler, Chair, 
Economic Classification Policy Committee, Bureau of the Census, Room 
2633-3, Washington, DC 20233, telephone number: (301) 457-2668, FAX 
number: (301) 457-1343.
    Electronic Availability and Comments: This document is available on 
the Internet from the Census Bureau via WWW browser and E-mail. To 
obtain this document via WWW browser, connect to http://www.census.gov/naics. This WWW page also contains previous NAICS Federal Register 
notices and related documents.
    You may send comments via E-mail to [email protected] with subject 
NAICS02. OMB will include in the official record comments received via 
E-mail at this address with this subject by the date specified above.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:  Paul Bugg, 10201 New Executive Office 
Building., Washington, DC 20503, E-mail address: [email protected], 
telephone number: (202) 395-3093, FAX number: (202) 395-7245.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Part I: Background of NAICS 1997

    NAICS is a system for classifying establishments by type of 
economic activity. Its purposes are: (1) To facilitate the collection, 
tabulation, presentation, and analysis of data relating to 
establishments, and (2) to promote uniformity and comparability in the 
presentation and analysis of statistical data describing the economy. 
Federal statistical agencies use NAICS to collect or publish data by 
industry. It also is used widely by State agencies, trade associations, 
private businesses, and other organizations.
    INEGI of Mexico, Statistics Canada, and the United States Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB), through its Economic Classification Policy 
Committee (ECPC), collaborated on NAICS to make the industrial 
statistics produced in the three countries comparable. NAICS is the 
first industry classification system developed in accordance with a 
single principle of aggregation, the principle that producing units 
that use similar production processes should be grouped together in the 
classification. NAICS also reflects in a much more explicit way the 
enormous changes in technology and in the growth and diversification of 
services that have

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marked recent decades. Industry statistics presented using NAICS are 
also comparable with statistics compiled according to the latest 
revision of the United Nations' International Standard Industrial 
Classification (ISIC, Revision 3) for some sixty high-level groupings.
    For the three countries, NAICS provides a consistent framework for 
the collection, tabulation, presentation, and analysis of industrial 
statistics used by government policy analysts, by academics and 
researchers, by the business community, and by the public. However, 
because of different national economic and institutional structures as 
well as limited resources and time for constructing the 1997 NAICS, the 
NAICS structure was not made entirely comparable at the individual 
industry level across all three countries at that time. The completion 
effort represented in this notice originally focused on the 
construction and wholesale trade sectors. In the 1997 NAICS these two 
sectors were comparable at the two-digit level for all three North 
American countries.
    Throughout its development, NAICS has been guided by four 
principles:
    (1) NAICS is erected on a production-oriented or supply-based 
conceptual framework. This means that producing units that use the same 
or similar production processes are grouped together in NAICS.
    (2) NAICS gives special attention to developing production-oriented 
classifications for (a) new and emerging industries, (b) service 
industries in general, and (c) industries engaged in the production of 
advanced technologies.
    (3) Time series continuity is maintained to the extent possible, 
given the need to reflect changes in the economy and proposals from 
data users. Adjustments will be required for sectors where the United 
States, Canada, and Mexico have incompatible industry classification 
definitions in order to produce a common industry system for all three 
North American countries.
    (4) The system strives for compatibility with the two-digit level 
of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic 
Activities (ISIC Rev. 3) of the United Nations.
    The ECPC is committed to maintaining the principles of NAICS. For 
example, the proposed split in the national industry for department 
stores will separately identify two distinct and economically 
significant types of operations in the United States in accordance with 
principle 1. The ECPC is recommending the revisions for nonstore 
retailers and new Internet information businesses based on NAICS 
principle 2. The rapid growth of Internet companies and the lack of a 
structural method for identifying these emerging industries justify the 
additional NAICS and U.S. national detail. The current round of 
completion activities is limited in scope based on NAICS principle 3 
regarding time series continuity. The ECPC believes that the narrow 
focus of the completion activities and the importance of Construction 
and Information to the economies of all three countries justify the 
resulting time series breaks. Users are encouraged to implement the 
most current structure of NAICS as it becomes available.

Part II: Summary of Public Comments

    In response to the February 25, 1999, Federal Register notice, the 
ECPC received 28 comments regarding specific industries and recommended 
changes to the structure of NAICS 1997. Twenty-two of the comments 
focused on the Construction Sector, three focused on the Wholesale 
Trade Sector, and three were outside the scope of revision as defined 
by the ECPC.
    Public proposals for individual industries from all three countries 
were considered for acceptance if the proposed industry was based on 
the production-oriented concept of the system. When a proposal was not 
accepted, it was usually because: (a) The resulting industry would have 
been too small in the U.S., (b) data indicated that the specialization 
ratio was low (the specialization ratio indicates the extent to which 
the establishments in a given industry concentrate on the activities 
that define the industry), or (c) the proposal did not meet the 
production-oriented criterion for forming an industry in NAICS.
    The ECPC received a number of comments that suggested changes to 
NAICS that were not accepted. All of these suggestions were carefully 
considered. Some suggestions were modified at the request of the ECPC 
to better meet the objectives of NAICS. Other suggestions proposed 
products (rather than industries); these will be considered in the 
future development of a product system. Still other suggestions for 
change could not be justified on a production basis, or could not be 
implemented in statistical programs, for various reasons, and thus were 
not accepted. The ECPC is preparing individual responses to these 
suggestions, carefully explaining why they were not accepted.
    Many of the twenty-two comments that related to the Construction 
sector requested changes or structures that were contradictory. For 
this reason alone, the ECPC was not able to implement all of the 
requested changes. Other comments requested detail that was not 
supported by specialization studies performed using 1997 Census of 
Construction data. A final constraint on the acceptability of proposals 
was the necessity for three-country comparability. A comment that was 
justified on a production function basis in the United States was not 
always supportable by either Canada or Mexico.
    The proposed structure of the Construction Sector has limited 
three-country comparability. In most areas, the representatives of the 
three countries attained comparability at the five-digit level. The 
Specialty Trade Contractors subsector is comparable at the four-digit 
level. This was the result of a desire to allow U.S. agencies to 
develop separate residential and nonresidential data for Specialty 
Trade Contractors without creating special aggregations outside of the 
NAICS structure. Although separate residential and nonresidential 
specialty trade industries were not created because of production 
function considerations, the structure does allow for residential and 
nonresidential data collection by U.S. statistical agencies. The sixth 
digit of the structure is reserved for this purpose. This information 
can be derived from Census Bureau data in Economic Census years. The 
Bureau of Labor Statistics will provide this information in the Covered 
Employment and Wages Program when the NAICS 2002 changes are 
implemented.
    A second major proposal in the Construction sector related to 
project delivery methods. In recent years, Federal and State 
procurement laws have been changed to allow design-build as an 
alternative to the traditional design-bid-build process for 
construction projects in the public arena. This project delivery method 
alternative to structuring the Construction sector was not accepted in 
the three-country negotiations for a variety of reasons. First, the 
design-build terminology is used differently by various practitioners. 
The variation in use and meaning will cause difficulties in 
classification and the development of homogeneous industry groupings 
without extremely detailed questionnaires. Such a level of detail is 
not practical. Next, while of growing importance in the United States 
and Canada, design-build is not so prominent in Mexico. Finally, a 
project delivery method structure would have greatly expanded the 
number of industries at the lowest level of the classification. The 
proposed structure has 31 detailed industries for the United

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States. A further split by project delivery method would further expand 
the number of detailed industries and reduce the size of each.
    The majority of the comments received that related to Wholesale 
Trade requested a change in the previously agreed upon scope of the 
sector. After extensive discussions with Canada and Mexico, the 
representatives decided to recommend that the basic delineation between 
Wholesale Trade and Retail Trade should remain unchanged. Further, the 
representatives agreed to undertake a complete restructuring of the 
distribution network industries (wholesale, retail, transportation, and 
warehousing) in NAICS 2007. In the interim, the United States has 
restructured NAICS United States 1997, Sector 42, Wholesale Trade to 
more closely align with the existing treatment in Canada and Mexico. 
For the United States, the ECPC has created three new subsectors: 423, 
Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods; 424, Merchant Wholesalers, 
Nondurable Goods; and 425, Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and 
Brokers. These subsectors more clearly separate types of wholesale 
trade businesses and will lead to more homogeneous statistical data. 
The merchant wholesaler subsectors are characterized by establishments 
that take title to goods and play the role of principal in the buying 
and selling of goods. The Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and 
Brokers subsector is characterized by establishments that act on behalf 
of sellers or facilitate wholesale transactions but do not actually 
take title to the goods.
    Wholesale trade is rapidly changing. Many traditional wholesale 
trade functions are being outsourced to storage, finance, logistics, or 
transportation specialists. In addition to these changes, the Internet 
has greatly expanded markets and supplier customer bases. In order to 
identify these changes to the extent possible, the ECPC recommends that 
subsector 425, Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers be 
split into two separate industries. The first would include the 
wholesale trade electronic markets while the second would include 
agents and brokers. The electronic markets provide guidance and 
assistance to both buyers and sellers. They also provide a unified, one 
stop, purchasing environment with common requirements across a large 
number of suppliers. The rapid growth of the business to business (B2B) 
electronic markets reflects the considerable efficiencies that can be 
obtained through the use of advanced technology. Separate 
identification of this rapidly growing activity will allow a more 
thorough and reflective analysis of wholesale trade in relation to the 
overall changes in distributive trades in 2007.
    In addition to working on the sectors described in the February 25, 
1999, Federal Register notice that were explicitly targeted for 
completion, the rapid growth of the Internet and electronic commerce 
resulted in a decision by the three countries to re-evaluate the 
Information sector as well. Although new in 1997, the Information 
sector lacked finite categories related to new Internet activities such 
as Internet service providers, web search portals, and Internet 
publishing and broadcasting. The second NAICS principle specifically 
targets new and emerging industries. The North American partners in 
NAICS agreed that the importance of statistical data related to new 
Internet businesses outweighed the time series continuity criterion 
also used in NAICS development. A full description of the recommended 
provisional changes to the Information sector is included in Part III.
    In addition to the changes listed above, the ECPC is proposing 
several minor changes to titles of NAICS industries that have no impact 
on the content of those industries. The ECPC recommends the following 
title changes: NAICS 32611, Unsupported Plastics Film, Sheet, and Bag 
Manufacturing, will be changed to Plastics Packaging Materials and 
Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing.
    NAICS 326111, Unsupported Plastics Bag Manufacturing, will be 
changed to Plastics Bag Manufacturing.
    NAICS 326112, Unsupported Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet 
Manufacturing, will be changed to Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet 
(including Laminated) Manufacturing.
    NAICS 326113, Unsupported Plastics Film and Sheet (except 
Packaging) Manufacturing, will be changed to Unlaminated Plastics Film 
and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing.
    NAICS 32612, Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unsupported Profile 
Shape Manufacturing, will be changed to Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, 
and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing.
    NAICS 326121, Unsupported Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing, 
will be changed to Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing.
    NAICS 326130, Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet, and Shape 
Manufacturing, will be changed to Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet 
(except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing.
    NAICS 444220, Nursery and Garden Centers, will be changed to 
Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores to describe more 
completely the content of the industry.
    NAICS 452910, Warehouse Clubs and Superstores, will be changed to 
Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters. The term supercenter more adequately 
describes the content of the NAICS industry.
    NAICS 561330, Employee Leasing Services, will be changed to 
Professional Employer Organizations to more closely reflect common 
industry terminology.
    The United States is also taking this opportunity to create 
additional national level detail for department stores and nonstore 
retailers. These changes will create more meaningful, homogeneous 
industries for the United States. Department Stores, NAICS 45211, will 
be split into two new 6-digit industries: Department Stores (except 
Discount), NAICS 452111, and Discount Department Stores, NAICS 452112.
    Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses, NAICS 45411, will be 
split into three new 6-digit industries: Electronic Shopping, NAICS 
454111; Electronic Auctions, NAICS 454112; and Mail-Order Houses, NAICS 
454113. The proposed changes for electronic shopping acknowledge the 
rapid growth of these activities in the United States. The proposed 
industry for Electronic Shopping includes separate establishments 
engaged in primarily providing electronic shopping services. The 
structure and codes for these new industries are detailed in Part IV of 
this notice.

Time Series Continuity

    The standard approach to preserving time series continuity after 
classification revisions is to create linkages where the series break. 
This is accomplished by producing the data series using both the old 
and new classifications for a given period of transition. With the dual 
classifications of data, analysts can assess the full impact of the 
revision. Data producers then may measure the reallocation of the data 
at aggregate industry levels and develop a concordance between the old 
and new series for that given point in time. The concordance creates a 
crosswalk between the old and new classification systems. Statistical 
agencies in the U.S. are planning links between the 1997 NAICS and 2002 
NAICS (with U.S. national detail).

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ECPC Recommendations for the Hierarchical Structure, Industries, 
and Coding System for the 2002 NAICS Revisions

    Parts III and IV below present the ECPC's final recommendations for 
how United States statistical agencies would revise the affected 
sectors and industries in the 2002 NAICS classification system for the 
United States. The tables show the proposed 2002 hierarchy, including 
NAICS and U.S. national detail industries, and the proposed coding 
system in 2002 NAICS sequence, for the affected sectors and industries. 
Parts III and IV include all ECPC recommended changes to the structure 
based on public comment and discussions with INEGI and Statistics 
Canada.

John T. Spotila,
Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.

Part III--Proposed Revisions to the NAICS Structure

Section A--NAICS Structure--Construction

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 2002) Agreement 
Number 32
    This document represents the proposed agreement on the structure of 
the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) for the 
construction sector. The detailed NAICS structure along with a brief 
description of the structure is attached (Attachments 1 and 2). Each 
country agrees to release a copy of the proposed NAICS structure to 
interested data users. Comments received will be shared among the 
countries and additional discussions will be held before a final 
decision on the structure is made. Each country may add additional 
detailed industries below the internationally agreed upon level of 
NAICS, as necessary to meet national needs, so long as this additional 
detail aggregates to an internationally agreed upon level in order to 
ensure full comparability among the three countries. This NAICS 
structure was presented and accepted at the NAICS Committee meeting 
held on November 30 through December 2, 1999, in Ottawa, Canada.

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           Accepted                     Signature              Date
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Canada........................  ________Richard                12/2/1999
                                 Barnabe________________
                                 ___
Mexico........................  ________Enrique                12/2/1999
                                 Ordaz__________________
                                 _
United States.................  ________Carole                 12/2/1999
                                 Ambler_________________
                                 ___
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                      Attachment 1--NAICS Structure
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
23....................................  Construction
236...................................    Construction of Buildings
2361..................................    Residential Building
                                           Construction
23611.................................      Residential Building
                                             Construction
2362..................................     Nonresidential Building
                                            Construction
23621.................................      Industrial Building
                                             Construction
23622.................................      Commercial and Institutional
                                             Building Construction
237...................................    Heavy and Civil Engineering
                                           Construction
2371..................................     Utility System Construction
23711.................................      Water and Sewer Line and
                                             Related Structures
                                             Construction
23712.................................      Oil and Gas Pipeline and
                                             Related Structures
                                             Construction
23713.................................      Power and Communication Line
                                             and Related Structures
                                             Construction
2372..................................     Land Subdivision
23721.................................      Land Subdivision
2373..................................     Highway, Street, and Bridge
                                            Construction
23731.................................      Highway, Street, and Bridge
                                             Construction
2379..................................     Other Heavy and Civil
                                            Engineering Construction
23799.................................      Other Heavy and Civil
                                             Engineering Construction
238...................................    Specialty Trade Contractors
2381..................................     Foundation, Structure, and
                                            Building Exterior
                                            Contractors
2382..................................     Building Equipment
                                            Contractors
23821.................................      Electrical Contractors
23822.................................      Plumbing, Heating, and Air-
                                             Conditioning Contractors
23829.................................      Other Building Equipment
                                             Contractors
2383..................................     Building Finishing
                                            Contractors
2389..................................     Other Specialty Trade
                                            Contractors
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Attachment 2--Description of Construction Sector

Draft Classification for Construction

    Representatives of the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico, and 
the United States agree to a draft industrial classification for the 
Construction sector. The draft classification of the construction 
sector is divided into subsectors covering Construction of Buildings, 
Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction, and Specialty Trade 
Contractors. These subsectors are further subdivided into 10 four-digit 
industry groups and 12 five-digit industries.

A General Outline

    Establishments in the Construction Sector erect buildings, perform 
heavy and civil engineering construction, and perform specialized 
construction trade activities. The classification distinguishes between 
establishments that are responsible for an entire building or building 
renovation project and those that perform specific functions during the 
erection of a building or building renovation project. A subsector is 
provided for each group. The classification further distinguishes all 
establishments performing civil engineering and heavy construction 
activities, whether the complete project or a portion of the project, 
in a third subsector.
    In Construction of Buildings, the classification distinguishes 
between the

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erection of residential buildings and the erection of nonresidential 
buildings. Each of these industry groups includes establishments that 
are responsible for an entire building or building renovation project. 
These industry groups include general contractors and design-builders 
working for owners and operative builders who undertake the entire 
project on a speculative basis. Establishments in the Construction of 
Buildings subsector may perform specific construction activities or 
subcontract for specific tasks. Additionally, each industry group 
includes establishments that are hired to manage the project, including 
oversight of the design, financing, bidding, and review processes, and/
or act as a liaison between the owner and a general contractor, 
designer, architect, or engineer.
    The classification makes no distinctions in the residential 
buildings industry group because of differences in the organization of 
construction establishments among the three countries. National level 
detail will provide specific information based on the type of structure 
(single family or multi-family), type of project (new structures or 
alterations and renovations of existing structures), or type of 
establishment (general contractor or operative builder) as appropriate 
in each country. Consideration was given to each of these breakouts but 
national differences in the operating characteristics of establishments 
prevented three-country level comparability. Establishments erecting 
nonresidential buildings are segregated into establishments erecting 
commercial and institutional buildings and establishments erecting 
industrial buildings and manufacturing plants. This NAICS industry 
level distinction recognizes the differences inherent in erecting the 
various types of buildings.
    Establishments performing heavy construction are separated into 
four industry groups: Utility System Construction; Land Subdivision; 
Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; and Other Heavy and Civil 
Engineering Construction. Industries in these groups are engaged in 
large-scale projects and have related production characteristics. Heavy 
and Civil Engineering Construction establishments can perform the work 
or subcontract the work to specialized establishments.
    Establishments in the Utility System Construction industry group 
construct lines and related structures for utility systems. For 
example, Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction 
establishments that construct pipelines, distribution lines, irrigation 
systems, water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and pumping 
stations are grouped together. This recognizes the fact that these 
buildings and structures are inter-related in a network environment and 
are not meaningfully separated based on the particular type of 
structure.
    Land Subdivision is included in Heavy and Civil Engineering 
Construction because of the similarity of activities involved with land 
subdivision and the other industry groups. For example, improved 
subdivisions often require installation of basic utilities, roads, and 
similar improvements that are also included elsewhere in the Heavy and 
Civil Engineering Construction subsector. The production similarities 
for construction of highways, streets, and bridges justified the third 
industry group.
    The fourth, residual, industry group includes other heavy and civil 
engineering construction. Examples include marine construction, such as 
the building of ports and harbors, and construction of dams for 
retaining water, flood control, or hydroelectric power generation 
purposes. Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction includes general 
contractors, design-builders, operative builders, and those specialty 
trade contractors whose activities generally only apply to the Heavy 
and Civil Engineering Construction subsector. The activities performed 
by the specialty trade contractors in this subsector are rarely 
performed elsewhere.
    In Specialty Trade Contractors, NAICS recognizes the highly 
specialized nature of a large number of small construction 
establishments. These establishments concentrate on a particular 
construction activity or group of activities rather than accepting 
responsibility and risk for an entire project. This difference 
separates these establishments from the first two subsectors. 
Establishments in the Specialty Trade Contractors subsector usually act 
as subcontractors for the general contractors, operative builders, 
design-builders, and other establishments that assume the risk for an 
entire construction project that takes place in the Construction of 
Buildings subsector. In this capacity, they can perform work as 
subcontractors or work directly for owners. Specialty Trade Contractors 
also perform repair, renovation, and maintenance on various systems 
that fall within their specialty. The skills and equipment used by 
specialty trade contractors in this subsector have more general 
application than skills and equipment used by the specialty trade 
contractors included in Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction.

Limitations and Constraints of the Classification

    Climatic and geological differences within and among the three 
countries lead to different construction techniques and practices for 
various types of structures. While wood is a significant input for 
residential housing in the Northern United States and Canada, concrete 
and stone are more common in the Southwest United States and in Mexico. 
Concrete and stone do not require siding and various other protections 
that are required with wood sheathing. Geological instability results 
in different structural and foundation requirements. Climate conditions 
dictate more insulation in northern areas while less insulation is 
appropriate in drier and warmer climates. These conditions lead to 
differing size and importance of various industries throughout North 
America. Each subsector varies across geographic lines based on the 
availability of raw materials and the environmental conditions that 
dictate construction practices.

Relationship to ISIC

    Most of the industries in the NAICS Construction Sector are 
contained in Division 45, Construction, of the International Standard 
Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC, Revision 3) 
of the United Nations. There are, however, some differences between the 
two systems. Both NAICS and ISIC exclude preparation of oil and gas 
fields from Construction. NAICS includes construction management 
activities within each of the industries in the Construction Sector 
while ISIC classifies construction management activities in Division 
74, Other Business Activities. NAICS includes land subdivision in 
Construction, while ISIC classifies land subdivision in Division 70, 
Real Estate Activities.

Some Changes to the National Industries

    During the initial NAICS development effort, the three countries 
agreed to the boundary and scope of the Construction sector at the two-
digit level. Each of the countries developed its own national structure 
at the three-, four-, five-, and six-digit levels. The changes 
discussed are identified as NAICS with a prefix of C for Canada, U for 
the United States, and M for Mexico for previous national detail and 
NAICS02 for the draft classification.

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    For Canada, CNAICS 23 was broken into two subsectors: CNAICS 231, 
Prime Contracting; and CNAICS 232, Trade Contracting. NAICS02 comprises 
three subsectors: 236, Construction of Buildings: 237, Heavy and Civil 
Engineering Construction; and 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.
    CNAICS 23141, Construction Management, will be distributed 
throughout all of the new NAICS02 Construction industries.
    Land Subdivision and Development, CNAICS 23111 will be moved from 
the subsector for Building Construction to NAICS02 23721 within the 
Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction subsector. This move reflects 
the similarity of the activities performed in the land subdivision 
industry and other industries in the Heavy and Civil Engineering 
Construction subsector.
    The construction of structures, such as sewage treatment plants and 
water treatment plants will be moved from CNAICS 23139, Other 
Engineering Construction, to NAICS02 2371, Utility System Construction, 
and distributed to the proper industries within the industry group.
    For Mexico, the NAICS02 structure is very similar to the MNAICS 
structure developed in 1997. While there were various minor 
reaggregations below the industry group level, the subsector levels 
remained largely unchanged.
    MNAICS 236 contained one industry group, 2361 Buildings. NAICS02 
now contains two industry groups: 2361, Residential Buildings; and 
2632, Nonresidential Buildings.
    MNAICS 237 was made up of two industry groups: 2371 Construction of 
Structures for Water, Electricity, Telecommunications, Petroleum, and 
Gas; and 2372, Construction of Urban Infrastructure and Transportation 
Systems. NAICS02 is divided into four industry groups: 2371, Utility 
Systems Construction; 2372, Land Subdivision; 2373, Highway, Street, 
and Bridge Construction; and 2379, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering 
Construction.
    As is the case for Canada, MNAICS 23822, Supervision and Management 
of Construction projects will be distributed throughout the 
construction industries in NAICS02.
    For the United States, the subsector structures for UNAICS and 
NAICS02 are very similar. Most changes occurred below the subsector 
level. Of particular note, UNAICS 23311, Land Subdivision and Land 
Development moved from the subsector for construction of buildings to 
NAICS02 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction.
    UNAICS 23499, All Other Heavy Construction, included water 
treatment plants, sewage treatment plants and similar buildings that 
are now included in NAICS02 2371, Utility System Construction.
    At the national level, the United States has reinstituted an 
industry for operative residential builders that were not separately 
identified in UNAICS. This industry had existed in the US SIC. The 
United States also created a new national industry for residential 
remodeling establishments. In previous classifications, residential 
remodelers were classified together with new residential construction.

Achievement of Objectives

    The classification meets the objectives for the North American 
Industry Classification System (NAICS). It includes industries that 
group establishments with similar production processes, that is, it 
applies the production-oriented economic concept. In the main, the 
hierarchical structure of the classification also follows the 
production concept.
    The industries are highly specialized, and they are economically 
significant. Disruptions to time series are minimal. The classification 
achieves comparability at most five-digit levels for the three 
participating countries. All three countries agree on the detailed 
definitions of the industries.
    Other objectives of the NAICS project are not as relevant in this 
area of the classification as in others. These objectives are the 
delineation of new and emerging industries, service industries, and 
industries engaged in the production of new technologies.

Section B--NAICS Structure--Information

        Provisional Structure Proposed for Sector 51, Information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
51....................................  Information
511...................................    Publishing Industries (except
                                           Internet)
5111..................................     Newspaper, Periodical, Book,
                                            and Directory Publishers
51111.................................      Newspaper Publishers
51112.................................      Periodical Publishers
51113.................................      Book Publishers
51114.................................      Directory and Mailing List
                                             Publishers
51119.................................      Other Publishers
5112..................................     Software Publishers
51121.................................      Software Publishers
512...................................    Motion Picture and Sound
                                           Recording Industries
5121..................................     Motion Picture and Video
                                            Industries
51211.................................      Motion Picture and Video
                                             Production
51212.................................      Motion Picture and Video
                                             Distribution
51213.................................      Motion Picture and Video
                                             Exhibition
51219.................................      Postproduction Services and
                                             Other Motion Picture and
                                             Video Industries
5122..................................     Sound Recording Industries
51221.................................      Record Production
51222.................................      Integrated Record Production/
                                             Distribution
51223.................................      Music Publishers
51224.................................      Sound Recording Studios
51229.................................      Other Sound Recording
                                             Industries
515...................................    Broadcasting (except Internet)
5151..................................     Radio and Television
                                            Broadcasting
51511.................................      Radio Broadcasting
51512.................................      Television Broadcasting
5152..................................      Cable and Other Subscription
                                             Programming
51521.................................      Cable and Other Subscription
                                             Programming
516...................................    Internet Publishing and
                                           Broadcasting
5161..................................     Internet Publishing and
                                            Broadcasting
51611.................................      Internet Publishing and
                                             Broadcasting

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517...................................    Telecommunications
5171..................................     Wired Telecommunications
                                            Carriers
51711.................................      Wired Telecommunications
                                             Carriers
5172..................................     Wireless Telecommunications
                                            Carriers (except Satellite)
51721.................................      Wireless Telecommunications
                                             Carriers (except Satellite)
5173..................................     Telecommunications Resellers
51731.................................      Telecommunications Resellers
5174..................................     Satellite Telecommunications
51741.................................      Satellite Telecommunications
5175..................................     Cable and Other Program
                                            Distribution
51751.................................      Cable and Other Program
                                             Distribution
5179..................................     Other Telecommunications
51791.................................      Other Telecommunications
518...................................    Internet Service Providers,
                                           Web Search Portals, and Data
                                           Processing Services
5181..................................     Internet Service Providers
                                            and Web Search Portals
51811.................................      Internet Service Providers
                                             and Web Search Portals
5182..................................     Data Processing, Hosting, and
                                            Related Services
51821.................................      Data Processing, Hosting,
                                             and Related Services
519...................................    Other Information Services
5191..................................     Other Information Services
51911.................................      News Syndicates
51912.................................      Libraries and Archives
51919.................................      All Other Information
                                             Services
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Draft Classification for Information

    Representatives of the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico, and 
the United States provisionally agree to a draft industrial 
classification for the Information sector. The draft classification of 
the Information sector is divided into subsectors covering Publishing 
Industries (except Internet); Motion Picture and Sound Recording 
Industries; Broadcasting (except Internet); Internet Publishing and 
Broadcasting; Telecommunications; Internet Service Providers, Web 
Search Portals and Data Processing; and Other Information Services. 
These subsectors are further subdivided into 16 four-digit industry 
groups and 30 five-digit industries.
    The Information sector comprises establishments primarily engaged 
in (a) producing and distributing cultural information, (b) providing 
the means to transmit or distribute these products as well as data or 
communications, and (c) processing data.
    Many of the industries in the NAICS Information sector are engaged 
in either producing and manipulating products protected by copyright 
law, or in distributing them (other than distribution by traditional 
wholesale and retail methods). Examples are traditional publishing 
industries, software publishing industries, and film and sound 
industries. Also included are broadcasting industries, 
telecommunication industries, and information access providers and 
processors that process and distribute information and provide access 
to facilities for transmission of information. Although many new 
industries have been created for this sector, most of the activities it 
contains have existed for some time. A new feature of the revised 
Information Sector is the inclusion of new industries for activities 
that have recently appeared in the economy due to the rapid expansion 
of the Internet. When NAICS was initially conceived, Internet service 
providers, web search portals, and other forms of Internet distribution 
of content were in their infancy. These activities are now separately 
identified in the classification.
    The following paragraphs provide a brief description of the 
individual components of this sector.
    The Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector groups 
establishments engaged in the publishing of newspapers, periodicals, 
and books, as well as directory, mailing list, and software publishing. 
In general, publishers issue copies of works for which they possess 
copyright for sale to the general public, in one or more formats 
including traditional print form or in electronic copy such as diskette 
or CD-ROM. Publishers may publish works originally created by others 
for which they have obtained the rights, and/or works that they have 
created in-house.
    In NAICS, publishing--the reporting, writing, editing, and other 
processes that are required to create an edition of a newspaper, for 
example--is treated as a major economic activity in its own right, and 
classified in the Information sector, whereas printing remains in the 
NAICS Manufacturing sector. In part, the NAICS classification reflects 
the fact that publishing increasingly takes place in establishments 
that are physically separate from the associated printing 
establishments. More crucially, the NAICS classification of book and 
newspaper publishing is intended to portray their roles in a modern 
economy, where they do not resemble manufacturing activities.
    Software publishing is included here because the activity--creation 
of a copyrighted product and bringing it to market--is equivalent to 
the creation process for other types of intellectual products. 
Reproduction of pre-packaged software is treated in NAICS as a 
manufacturing activity and custom design of software to client 
specifications remains in Professional, Scientific, and Technical 
Services. These distinctions arise because of the different ways that 
software is created, reproduced, and distributed. The only change to 
this subsector for 2002 is the new title for Industry 51114 that has 
been renamed from Database and Directory Publishers to Directory and 
Mailing List Publishers. This new title and an updated definition 
better describe the activities included in this industry.
    The Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector groups 
establishments involved in producing and distributing motion pictures 
and sound recordings (those involved exclusively in the wholesaling of 
sound recordings are classified in Wholesale Trade). While motion 
picture and sound recordings are also ``published,'' the processes 
involved are sufficiently different from those traditional publishing 
industries to warrant placing them in the Motion Picture and Sound 
Recording Industries subsector.

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    The production and distribution of these products involves a 
complex process and several distinct industries. The Motion Picture and 
Video Industries industry group includes separate industries for Motion 
Picture and Video Production, Motion Picture and Video Distribution, 
Motion Picture and Video Exhibition, Postproduction Services, and Other 
Motion Picture and Video Industries. The distribution industry includes 
establishments primarily engaged in acquiring the distribution rights 
(major input) for films and programs, and charging such clients as 
movie theaters and broadcasters to show them; those engaged in 
wholesaling videos to retail stores and rental outlets are classified 
in Wholesale Trade. The Sound Recording Industries industry group 
contains classes for Record Production Companies, Integrated Record 
Production/Distribution, Music Publishers, Sound Recording Studios, and 
Other Sound Recording Industries.
    Record production companies are primarily engaged in searching out, 
identifying and contracting artists for whom they arrange and finance 
the production of master tapes for which they hold the reproduction 
rights. Establishments in this industry do not own duplication 
facilities or have distribution capabilities, so they commercialize 
these rights through leasing/licensing agreements with third parties. 
Integrated record production companies (major record labels) integrate 
the production, manufacturing and/or distribution functions, 
commercializing reproduction rights through these vertically integrated 
operations. While establishments engaged in record production derive 
most of their revenues from leasing/licensing the reproduction rights 
of master recordings and from mechanical royalties, integrated record 
companies derive most of their revenues from the exploitation of their 
rights to distribute duplicate sound recordings. No changes were made 
to this subsector for 2002.
    In NAICS 2002, Telecommunications and Broadcasting are split into 
separate subsectors. This structural change acknowledges that the 
production and distribution of information or cultural content is 
significantly different from the creation of the infrastructure used in 
distribution.
    The new Broadcasting (except Internet) subsector, NAICS 515, 
distinguishes between radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, and 
cable and other subscription programming. These industry groups are 
based on differences in the methods of communication and in the nature 
of services provided. Broadcasting (except Internet) includes 
establishments that operate broadcasting studios and facilities for 
over the air, cable, or satellite delivery of audio and video 
programming such as music, entertainment, news, talk, and the like. 
These establishments are often engaged in producing and purchasing 
programs and generating revenues from the sale of time to advertisers, 
and from donations, subsidies, and/or the sale of programs. Cable and 
Other Subscription Programming establishments operate studios and 
facilities for the broadcasting of programs that are typically narrow 
cast in nature (limited format such as news, sports, education, and 
youth-oriented programming). The services of these establishments are 
typically sold on a subscription or fee basis.
    NAICS 2002 recognizes for the first time the significant 
differences between traditional publishing and broadcasting and similar 
activities using the Internet in a new subsector for Internet 
Publishing and Broadcasting, NAICS 516. The unique combination of text, 
audio, video, and interactive features present in informational or 
cultural products on the Internet justifies the creation of the new 
subsector. NAICS separates Internet Publishing and Broadcasting in 
order to identify and statistically characterize this area of rapid 
growth in the economies of the three North American partners in NAICS.
    The new Telecommunications subsector, NAICS 517, is primarily 
engaged in operating, maintaining, and/or providing access to 
facilities for transmitting voice, data, text, sound, and full motion 
picture video between network termination points. In contrast to the 
Broadcasting subsector, the Telecommunications subsector generally does 
not produce information or cultural content. Telecommunications 
includes groupings and industries based on the technologies used. As 
such, there are separate industry groups for Wired Telecommunications 
Carriers, Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite), 
Telecommunications Resellers, Satellite Telecommunications, Cable and 
Other Program Distribution, and Other Telecommunications. All of these 
industry groups, except Telecommunications Resellers, operate 
transmission facilities that may be based on a single technology or a 
combination of technologies. The Cable and Other Program Distribution 
industry group includes establishments that operate cable systems, 
direct-to-home satellite systems, or other similar systems.
    Another new subsector in NAICS groups establishments that provide 
Internet access; Internet search services; and data processing, 
hosting, and related services. The Internet Service Providers, Web 
Search Portals, and Data Processing Services subsector, NAICS 518, is 
subdivided into two industry groups. The Internet Service Providers and 
Web Search Portals industry group includes establishments that provide 
access to the Internet or provide the means to search for information 
on the Internet. The Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services 
industry group includes establishments that process data for others. 
Mainframe computer time-share facilities and web hosting establishments 
are included with Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services.
    The final subsector, Other Information Services, NAICS 519, 
provides a classification for other information providers, such as news 
syndicates, as well as repositories of information products in the form 
of libraries and archives. Libraries and archives provide access to 
information products stored in their physical facilities. Museums, 
however, are classified in sector 71, Arts, Entertainment, and 
Recreation.

Section C--NAICS United States--Wholesale Trade

    Representatives of the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico, and 
the United States conducted extensive discussions on the content and 
conceptual structuring of industries for wholesale trade of goods. Due 
to the complexity of this dynamic sector and structural differences 
among the three countries, no additional three-country comparability 
was obtained for wholesale trade. Canada, Mexico, and the United States 
agree on the overall content of Wholesale Trade but will retain unique 
national industry detail within the sector. However, the United States 
has taken the insights gained from these discussions and incorporated 
them into a new national structure for Wholesale Trade.
    As in the 1997 NAICS United States there are two main types of 
wholesalers included in Wholesale Trade for the 2002 NAICS United 
States: those that sell goods on their own account and those that 
arrange sales and purchases for others for a commission or fee.
    (1) Establishments that sell goods on their own account are known 
as wholesale merchants, distributors, jobbers, drop shippers, import/
export merchants, and sales branches. These establishments typically 
take title to the goods being sold and maintain their own warehouse, 
where they receive and

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handle goods for their customers. Goods are generally sold without 
transformation, but may include integral functions, such as sorting, 
packaging, labeling, and other marketing services. Throughout this 
notice, these establishments are referred to as merchant wholesalers.
    (2) Establishments arranging for the purchase or sale of goods 
owned by others or the purchase of goods on a commission basis are 
known as agents and brokers, commission merchants, import/export agents 
and brokers, auction companies, and manufacturer's representatives. 
These establishments do not take title to the goods being sold. 
Throughout this notice, these establishments are referred to as 
business to business electronic markets and agents and brokers.
    Sector 42, Wholesale Trade, would be divided into three subsectors 
in the United States: subsector 423, Merchant Wholesalers, Durable 
Goods; subsector 424, Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods; and 
subsector 425, Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers. 
Each of these subsectors is further divided into industry groups and 
industries to meet the detailed needs of the U.S. statistical 
community.
    Subsector 423, Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods, is split into 
nine industry groups that follow the structure of NAICS 1997. These 
industry groups are further divided into thirty-seven national level 
industries. The key difference between the content of subsector 421, 
Wholesale Trade, Durable Goods in 1997 and subsector 423, Merchant 
Wholesalers, Durable Goods, is the exclusion of electronic markets, and 
agents, brokers, and other intermediaries that do not take title to the 
goods being sold in subsector 423. Merchant wholesalers in NAICS 2002 
are defined to include those establishments that buy or sell goods on 
their own account. Included are wholesale merchants, distributors, 
jobbers, drop shippers, import/export merchants, and manufacturer's 
sales branches. The key characteristic of wholesale establishments 
included in subsector 423 is ownership of the goods that are being 
sold.
    Subsector 424, Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods, mirrors the 
structure of NAICS 1997 subsector 422, Wholesale Trade, Nondurable 
Goods. Again, the significant difference is the exclusion of electronic 
markets, and agents and brokers and other intermediaries that do not 
take title to the goods being sold. Subsector 424 is split into nine 
industry groups that are further divided into thirty-two national level 
industries classifying merchant wholesalers of nondurable goods.
    Subsector 425, Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers 
is a new subsector for NAICS United States 2002. Establishments in the 
Wholesale Electronic Markets and Agents and Brokers subsector arrange 
for the sale of goods owned by others on a fee or commission basis. 
These establishments, unlike those in subsectors 423, do not take title 
to the goods being sold. They are acting on behalf of the buyers and 
sellers of goods.
    This subsector is being created to classify agents and brokers as 
well as electronic markets that facilitate wholesale trade. Over the 
past two years, the explosive growth of wholesale trade on the Internet 
has radically changed the role of agents and brokers and greatly 
expanded potential markets for suppliers. While a wholesale trade 
business was previously constrained by geography and the cost of 
initiating contact with potential customers, the Internet has created 
inexpensive, efficient national markets for suppliers. The United 
States proposal for subsector 425, therefore, creates a new national 
industry for these electronic markets in wholesale trade, separate from 
the more traditional agents and brokers. The outsourcing of storage, 
transportation, finance, and other traditional wholesale trade 
functions is immensely eased with the advent of these new national 
electronic wholesale markets. In order to gather data to better 
understand these changes in the context of all distributive trade 
industries, they will be separately identified and categorized in NAICS 
United States 2002.
    NAICS United States 1997 included 69 separate national industries 
in Wholesale Trade. NAICS United States 2002, includes 71 national 
industries in Wholesale Trade. With the addition of only two national 
industries, the restructuring of Wholesale Trade creates more 
homogeneous statistical data for users, eases the burden of code 
assignment for sales representatives and wholesale trade brokers, and 
separately identifies emerging trends for study and analysis. Although 
additional international comparability was not obtained, the changes to 
Sector 42, Wholesale Trade, in the United States represent a major 
improvement in the statistics generated for wholesale trade using 
NAICS. These changes also position the United States to measure and 
analyze more completely all distributive trade industries during future 
NAICS revisions.
    The entire proposed structure for Wholesale Trade is detailed in 
Part IV of this notice.
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[FR Doc. 00-9816 Filed 4-19-00; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3110-01-C