[Federal Register Volume 65, Number 7 (Tuesday, January 11, 2000)]
[Notices]
[Pages 1654-1671]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 00-583]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration


Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders of Civil Penalty 
Actions; Publication

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of publication.

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SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of 
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty 
cases. This publication represents the quarter ending on December 31, 
1999. This publication ensures that the agency is in compliance with 
statutory indexing requirements.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James S. Dillman, Assistannt Chief 
Counsel for Litigation (AGC-400), Federal Aviation Administration, 400 
7th Street, SW., Suite PL 200-A, Washington, DC 20590: telephone (202) 
366-4118.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires 
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection 
and copying current indexes containing identifying information 
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in 
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced 
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide 
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and 
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty 
actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G.
    The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and 
containing identifying information about each decision or order. The 
FAA also maintains a cumulative subject-matter index and digests 
organized by order number. The indexes are published on a quarterly 
basis (i.e., January, April, July, and October).
    The FAA first published these indexes and digests for all decisions 
and orders issued by the Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 
FR 45984; October 31, 1990. The FAA announced in that notice that only 
the subject-matter index would be published cumulatively and that the 
order number index would be non-cumulative. The FAA announced in a 
later notice that the order number indexes published in January would 
reflect all of the civil penalty decisions for the previous year. 58 FR 
5044; 1/19/93.
    The previous quarterly publications of these indexes have appeared 
in the Federal Register as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Dates of quarter              Federal Register  publication
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/1/89-9/30/90........................  55 FR 45984; 10/31/90.
10/1/90-12/31/90.......................  56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.
1/1/91-3/31/91.........................  56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.
4/1/91-6/30/91.........................  56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.
7/1/91-9/30/91.........................  56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.
10/1/91-12/31/91.......................  57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.
1/1/92-3/31/92.........................  57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.
4/1/92-6/30/92.........................  57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.
7/1/92-9/30/92.........................  57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.
10/1/92-12/31/92.......................  58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.
1/1/93-3/31/93.........................  58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.
4/1/93-6/30/93.........................  58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.
7/1/93-9/30/93.........................  58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.
10/1/93-12/31/93.......................  59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.
1/1/94-3/31/94.........................  59 FR 22196; 4/29/94.
4/1/94-6/30/94.........................  59 FR 39618; 8/3/94.
7/1/94-12/31/94........................  60 FR 4454; 1/23/95.
1/1/95-3/31/95.........................  60 FR 19318; 4/17/95.
4/1/95-6/30/95.........................  60 FR 36854; 7/18/95.
7/1/95-9/30/95.........................  60 FR 53228; 10/12/95.
10/1/95-12/31/95.......................  61 FR 1972; 1/24/96.
1/1/96-3/31/96.........................  61 FR 16955; 4/18/96.
4/1/96-6/30/96.........................  61 FR 37526; 7/18/96.
7/1/96-9/30/96.........................  61 FR 54833; 10/22/96.
10/1/96-12/31/96.......................  62 FR 2434; 1/16/97.
1/1/97-3/31/97.........................  62 FR 24533; 5/2/97.
4/1/97-6/30/97.........................  62 FR 38339; 7/17/97.
7/1/97-9/30/97.........................  62 FR 53856; 10/16/97.
10/1/97-12/31/97.......................  63 FR 3373; 1/22/98.
1/1/98-3/31/98.........................  63 FR 19559; 4/20/98.
4/1/98-6/30/98.........................  63 FR 37914; 7/14/98.
7/1/98-9/30/98.........................  63 FR 57729; 10/28/98.
10/1/98-12/31/98.......................  64 FR 1855; 1/12/99.
1/1/99-3/31/99.........................  64 FR 24690; 5/7/99.
4/1/99-6/30/99.........................  64 FR 43236; 8/9/99.
7/1/99-9/30/99.........................  64 FR 58879; 11/1/99.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The civil penalty decisions and orders, and the indexes and digests 
are available in FAA offices. Also, the Administrator's civil penalty 
decisions have been published by commercial publishers (Hawkins 
Publishing Company and Clark Boardman Callaghan) and are available on 
computer on-line services (Westlaw, LEXIS, Compuserve and FedWorld).
    A list of the addresses of the FAA offices where the civil penalty 
decisions may be reviewed and information regarding these commercial 
publications and computer databases are provided at the end of the 
notice. Information regarding the accessibility of materials filed in 
recently initiated civil penalty cases in FAA civil penalty cases at 
the DOT Docket and over the Internet also appears at the end of this 
notice.

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Order Number Index for 1999

    (This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999.)

99-1--American Airlines
    3/2/99 CP95SW0195 et seq.
99-2--Oxygen Systems, Inc.
    3/4/99 CP97SO0071
99-3--Clarence L. Justice
    6/11/99 CP98WP0055
    DMS No. FAA-1998-4751
99-4--Warbelow's Air Ventures
    7/1/99 CP97AL0012
99-5--Africa Air Corp.
    8/31/99 CP96EA0044
99-6--James K. Squire
    8/31/99 CP97WP0007
99-7--Premier Jets
    8/31/99 CP97NM0005
99-8--Michael McDermott
    8/31/99 CP98WP0055
99-9--Lifeflite Medical Air Transport
    8/31/99 CP98WP0062
99-10--Azteca Aviation
    8/31/99 CP97SW0024, CP98SW0015
99-11--Evergreen Helicopters
    8/31/99 CP97AL0001
99-12--Trans World Airlines, Inc.
    10/7/99 CP97SO0016, CP97SO0017
99-13--Falcon Air Express, Inc.
    12/22/99 CP97SO0073
99-14--Alika Aviation, Inc.
    12/22/99 CP97WP0045
99-15--Blue Ridge Airlines
    12/22/99 CP97NM0024
99-16--Sharon Dorfman
    12/22/99 CP98SW0005

[[Page 1655]]

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Subject Matter Index

(Current as of December 31, 1999.)

 
Administrative Law Judges--Power and Authority:
    Continuance of hearing.............................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.
    Credibility findings...............................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley
                                                          Air; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 95-25 Conquest;
                                                          95-26 Hereth; 97-20 Werle; 97-30 Emery Worldwide
                                                          Airlines; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-18 General
                                                          Aviation; 99-6 Squire.
    Default Judgment...................................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez;
                                                          94-22 Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond; 97-28
                                                          Continental Airlines; 97-33 Rawlings; 98-13 Air St.
                                                          Thomas.
    Discovery..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
    Expert Testimony...................................  94-21 Sweeney.
    Granting extensions of time........................  90-27 Gabbert.
    Hearing location...................................  92-50 Cullop.
    Hearing request....................................  93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37
                                                          Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
    Initial Decision...................................  92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
        Lateness of....................................  97-31 Sanford Air.
        Should include requirement to file appeal brief  98-5 Squire.
    Jurisdiction:
        Generally......................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32
                                                          Barnhill.
        After issuance of order assessing civil penalty  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner; 97-33 Rawlings.
        When complaint is withdrawn....................  94-39 Kirola.
    Motion for Decision................................  92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11
                                                          Merkley; 96-24 Horizon; 98-20 Koenig.
    No authority to extend due date for late Answer      95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson; 98-4
     without showing of good cause. (See also Answer).    Larry's Flying Service.
    Notice of Hearing..................................  92-31 Eaddy.
    Regulate proceedings...............................  97-20 Werle.
    Sanction...........................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22
                                                          Harkins; 94-28 Toyota.
    Service of law judges by parties...................  97-18 Robinson.
    Vacate initial decision............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.
    Aerial Photography.................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters.
    Agency Attorney....................................  93-13 Medel.
Air Carrier/Aircraft Operator:
    Agent/independent contractor of....................  92-70 USAir.
    Careless or Reckless...............................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
    Duty of care is non-delegable......................  92-70 USAir; 96-16 Westair Commuter; 96-24 Horizon; 97-
                                                          8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 99-12
                                                          TWA.
    Employee...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-
                                                          Island Helicopters; 99-12 TWA; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
    Ground Security Coordinator, Failure to provide....  96-16 WestAir Commuter.
    Intoxicated Passenger:
        Allowing to board..............................  98-11 TWA.
        Serving alcohol to.............................  98-11 TWA.
    Liability for acts/omissions of employees in the     98-11 TWA, 99-12 TWA; 99-14 Alika.
     scope of employment.
    Use of unqualified pilot...........................  99-15 Blue Ridge.
Aircraft Maintenance (See also Airworthiness,
 Maintenance Manual):
    Generally..........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural
                                                          Aviation; 93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific Av.
                                                          d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10
                                                          Alphin; 97-11 Hampton; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines;
                                                          97-31 Sanford Air; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-5 Africa
                                                          Air.
    Acceptable methods, techniques, and practices......  96-3 America West Airlines.
    After certificate revocation.......................  92-73 Wyatt.
    Airworthiness Directive, compliance with...........  96-18 Kilrain; 97-9 Alphin.
    Inspection.........................................  96-18 Kilrain; 97-10 Alphin; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
    Major alterations: Failed to prove.................  99-5 Africa Air.
    Major/minor repairs................................  96-3 America West Airlines.
    Minimum Equipment List (MEL).......................  94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon; 97-11 Hampton; 97-21 Delta;
                                                          97-30 Emer Worldwide Airlines.
Aircraft Records:
    Aircraft Operation.................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
    Flight and Duty Time...............................  96-4 South Aero.
    Maintenance Records................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse; 97-30
                                                          Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-31 Sanford Air; 98-18
                                                          General Aviation.
    ``Yellow tags''....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.

[[Page 1656]]

 
Aircraft-Weight and Balance (See Weight and Balance)
Airmen:
    Airline Transport Pilot certificates requirement in  99-11 Evergreen Helicopters.
     foreign aviation by Part 135 operator.
    Altitude deviation.................................  92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
    Careless or Reckless...............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-
                                                          29 Sweeney; 96-17 Fenner.
    Flight Time Limitations............................  93-11 Merkley.
    Flight Time Records................................  99-7 Premier Jets.
    Follow ATC Instruction.............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49
                                                          Richardson & Shimp.
    Low Flight.........................................  92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
    Owner's Responsibility.............................  96-17 Fenner.
    Pilot..............................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.
    See and Avoid......................................  93-29 Sweeney.
    Unqualified for Part 135 operation.................  99-15 Blue Ridge.
Air Operations Area (AOA):
    Air Carrier Responsibilities.......................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1
                                                          Delta Air Lines.
    Airport Operator Responsibilities..................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 98-7 LAX.
    Badge Display......................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 99-1
                                                          American Airlines.
    Definition of......................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].
    Exclusive Areas....................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator]; 98-7 LAX.
Airport Security Program (ASP):
    Compliance with....................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 96-1
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-7
                                                          LAX; Airport Operator.
    Responsibilities...................................  90-12 Continental Airlines, 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan.
Air Traffic Control (ATC):
    Error as mitigating factor.........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.
    Error as exonerating factor........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.
    Ground Control.....................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
    Local Control......................................  91-12 Terry & Menne.
    Tapes & Transcripts................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
    Airworthiness......................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight
                                                          Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-18 Kilrain; 94-
                                                          25 USAir; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island
                                                          Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-11 Hampton;
                                                          97-21 Delta; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-32
                                                          Florida Propeller; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-14 Alika
                                                          Aviation.
Amicus Curiae Briefs...................................  90-25 Gabbert.
Answer:
    ALJ may not extent due date for late answer unless   95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson; 97-33
     good cause shown.                                    Rawlings; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service.
    Reply to each number paragraph in the complaint      98-21 Blankson.
     required.
    Timeliness of answer...............................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47
                                                          Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5
                                                          Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 94-43 Perez; 95-10
                                                          Diamond; 95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson;
                                                          97-19 Missirlian; 97-33 Rawlings; 97-38 Air St.
                                                          Thomas; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-13 Air St.
                                                          Thomas; 99-8 McDermott; 99-9 Lifeflite Medical Air
                                                          Transport; 99-16 Dorfman.
    Timeliness not at issue once hearing held..........  99-16 Dorfman.
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck; 97-19 Missirlian.
Appeals (See also Filing; Timeliness; Mailing Rule):
    Briefs, Generally..................................  89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-39 Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl;
                                                          94-23 Perez; 95-13 Kilrain.
    Additional Appeal Brief............................  92-3 Park; 93/5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28
                                                          Strohl; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-
                                                          29 Sutton; 97-22 Sanford Air; 97-34 Continental
                                                          Airlines; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-18 General
                                                          Aviation; 99-11 Evergreen Helicopter.
    Appeal dismissed as premature......................  95-19 Rayner.
    Apeal dismissed as moot after complaint withdrawn..  92-9 Griffin.

[[Page 1657]]

 
    Appellate arguments................................  92-70 USAir.
    Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal Courts)
    Good Cause for Late-Filed Brief or Notice of Appeal  90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-
                                                          24 Esau; 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3
                                                          Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre
                                                          Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne Co.
                                                          Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-
                                                          31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-25
                                                          Conquest, 97-6 WRA Inc.; 97-7 Stalling; 97-28
                                                          Continental; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-1 V. Taylor; 98-
                                                          13 Air St. Thomas; 99-4 Warbelow's Air Ventures.
    Informal Conference: Conduct of, not on appeal.....  99-14 Alika Aviation.
    Motion to Vacate construed as a brief..............  91-11 Continental Airlines.
    Perfecting an Appeal, generally....................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23
                                                          Perez; 95-13 Kilrain; 96-5 Alphin Aircraft; 98-20
                                                          Koenig.
        Extension of Time for (good cause for).........  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-
                                                          32 Bargen; 91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24
                                                          Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez; 98-5 Squire; 98-15
                                                          Squire; 93-3 Justice; 99-4 Warbelow's Air Ventures.
        Failure to.....................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird
                                                          Accessories; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue;
                                                          91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91-
                                                          47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18
                                                          Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36
                                                          Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk
                                                          Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78
                                                          TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31
                                                          Allen; 93-34 Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City
                                                          Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French
                                                          Aircraft; 94-34 American International Airways; 94-35
                                                          American International Airways; 94-36 American
                                                          International Airways; 95-4 Hanson; 95-22 & 96-5
                                                          Alphin Aircraft; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 96-13 Winslow;
                                                          97-3 [Airport Operator], 97-6 WRA, Inc.; 97-15 Houston
                                                          & Johnson County; 97-35 Gordon Air Services; 97-36
                                                          Avcon; 97-37 Roush; 98-10 Rawlings; 99-2 Oxygen
                                                          Systems.
        Notice of appeal construed as appeal brief.....  92-39 Beck; 94-15 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23
                                                          Atlantic World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford
                                                          Air; 98-5 Squire; 98-17 Blue Ridge Airlines; 98-23
                                                          Instead Balloon Services; 99-3 Justice; 99-8
                                                          McDermott.
        What Constitutes...............................  90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23
                                                          Perez; 94-30 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23 Atlantic
                                                          World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford Air.
    Service of brief:
        Fail to serve other party......................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.
    Timeliness of Notice of Appeal.....................  90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69
                                                          McCabe; 93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse;
                                                          95-15 Alphin Aviation; 96-14 Midtown Neon Sign Corp.;
                                                          97-7 & 97-17 Stallings; 97-28 Continential; 97-38 Air
                                                          St. Thomas; 98-1 V. Taylor; 98-13 Air St. Thomas; 98-
                                                          16 Blue Ridge Airlines; 98-17 Blue Ridge Airlines; 98-
                                                          21 Blankson.

[[Page 1658]]

 
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5
                                                          Sussman; 90-6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-
                                                          9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo;
                                                          90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-
                                                          40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-
                                                          5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91-
                                                          15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21 Britt
                                                          Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental
                                                          Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Airlines; 91-28
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35
                                                          M. Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America
                                                          West; 91-42 Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan;
                                                          91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-
                                                          2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12
                                                          Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg; 92-
                                                          22, 93-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26, & 92-28 Delta Air
                                                          Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson;
                                                          92-43 Delta Air Lines; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92-
                                                          54 & 92-55 Northwest Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61
                                                          Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-79
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14
                                                          Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22
                                                          Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation;
                                                          94-9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan
                                                          American Airways; 94-13 Boyle; 94-14 B & G
                                                          Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-33 Trans World Airlines;
                                                          94-41 Dewey Towner; 94-42 Taylor; 95-1 Diamond
                                                          Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air Lines; 95-5 Araya; 95-6
                                                          Sutton; 95-7 Empire Airlines; 95-20 USAir; 95-21
                                                          Faisca; 95-24 Delta Air Lines; 96-7 Delta Air Lines;
                                                          96-8 Empire Airlines; 96-10 USAir; 96-11 USAir; 96-12
                                                          USAir; 96-21 Houseal; 97-4 [Airport Operator]; 97-5
                                                          WestAir; 97-25 Martin & Jaworski; 97-26 Delta Air
                                                          Lines; 97-27 Lock Haven; 97-39 Delta Air Lines; 98-9
                                                          Continental Express.
Assault (See also Battery, and Passenger Misconduct)...  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 99-16 Dorfman.
``Attempt''............................................  89-5 Schultz.
Attorney Conduct: Obstreperous or Disruptive...........  94-39 Kirola.
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)
Aviation Safety Reporting System.......................  90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson &
                                                          Shimp.
Baggage Matching.......................................  98-6 Continental; 99-12 TWA.
Balloon (Hot Air)......................................  94-2 Woodhouse.
Bankruptcy.............................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.
Battery (See also Assault and Passenger Misconduct)....  99-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 99-16 Dorfman.
Certificates and Authorizations:
    Surrender when revoked.............................  92-73 Wyatt.
Civil Air Security National Airport Inspection Program   91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
 (CASNAIP).                                               40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator].
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument)
Collateral Estoppel....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Complaint:
    Complainant Bound By...............................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
    No Timely Answer to (See Answer)
    Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction....................  94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
    Staleness (See Stale Complaint Rule)
    Statute of Limitations (See Statute of Limitations)
    Timeliness of complaint............................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.
    Withdrawal of......................................  94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.
Compliance & Enforcement Program:
    (FAA Order No. 2150.3A)............................  89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5
                                                          Delta Air Lines.
    Compliance/Enforcement Bulletin 92-3...............  96-16 [Air Carrier].
    Sanction Guidance Table............................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37
                                                          Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines;
                                                          98-18 General Aviation.
Concealment of Weapons (See Weapons Violations).
Consolidation of Cases.................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Constitutionality of Regulations (See also Double        90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
 Jeopardy).                                               90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          96-1 [Airport Operator]; 96-25 USAir; 97-16 Mauna Kea;
                                                          97-34 Continental Airlines; 98-6 Continental Airlines;
                                                          98-11 TWA: 99-1 America; 99-12 TWA.
Continuance of Hearing.................................  90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.
Corrective Action (See Sanction)
Counsel:
    Leave to withdraw..................................  97-24 Gordon.
    No right to assigned counsel (See Due Process)
Credibility of Witnesses:
    Generally..........................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters; 95-26 Hereth; 97-32 Florida
                                                          Propeller.

[[Page 1659]]

 
    Bias...............................................  97-9 Alphin.
    Defer to ALJ determination of......................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 95-26 Hereth;
                                                          97-20 Werle; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-32
                                                          Florida Propeller; 98-11 TWA; 98-18 General Aviation;
                                                          99-6 Squire.
    Experts: (See also Witness)........................  90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf; 96-3 America West
                                                          Airlines.
    Impeachment........................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
    Reliability of Identification by eyewitnesses......  97-20 Werle.
De facto answer........................................  92-32 Barnhill.
Delay in initiating action.............................  90-21 Carroll.
Deliberative Process Privilege.........................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19
                                                          Continental Airlines.
Deterrence.............................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-11 Hampton.
Discovery:
    Deliberative Process Privilege.....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19
                                                          Continental Airlines.
    Depositions, generally.............................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.
        Notice of deposition...........................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.
    Failure to Produce.................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation;
                                                          93-10 Costello.
        Sanction for...................................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
    Regarding Unrelated Case...........................  92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Double Jeopardy........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-26 Midtown.
Due Process:
    Generally..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8
                                                          Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 99-12 TWA.
    Before finding a violation.........................  90-27 Gabbert.
    Multiple violations................................  96-26 Midtown; 97-9 Alphin.
    No right to assigned counsel.......................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9
                                                          Alphin; 99-6 Squire.
    Violation of.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8
                                                          Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 98-19
                                                          Martin & Jaworski.
EAJA:
    Adversary Adjudication.............................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota.
    Amount of award....................................  95-27 Valley Air.
    Appeal from ALJ decision...........................  95-9 Woodhouse.
    Expert witness fees................................  95-27 Valley Air.
    Final disposition..................................  96-22 Woodhouse.
    Further proceedings................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.
    Jurisdiction over appeal...........................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.
        Late-filed application.........................  96-22 Woodhouse.
    Other expenses.....................................  93-29 Sweeney.
    Position of agency.................................  95-27 Valley Air
    Prevailing party...................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.
    Special circumstances..............................  95-18 Pacific Sky.
    Substantial justification..........................  91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific
                                                          Sky; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 98-19 Martin
                                                          & Jaworski.
    Supplementation of application.....................  95-27 Valley Air.
Evidence (See Proof & Evidence)
Ex Parte Communications................................  93-10 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-19 Rayner.
Expert Witnesses (See Witness)
Extension of Time:
    By Agreement of Parties............................  89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
    Dismissal by Decisionmaker.........................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.
    Good Cause for.....................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.
    Objection to.......................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.
    Who may grant......................................  90-27 Gabbert.
Federal Courts.........................................  92-7 West; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-8 Carr; 99-12
                                                          TWA.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.......................  91-17 KDS Aviation.
Federal Rules of Evidence (see also Proof & Evidence):
    Admissions.........................................  96-25 USAir, 99-5 Africa Air.
        Evidentiary admissions are rebuttable..........  99-5 Africa Air.
    Settlement Offers (Rule 408).......................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir; 99-5 Africa Air.
        Admissions as part of settlement offers          99-5 Africa Air; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
         excluded.
    Subsequent Remedial Measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.
Final Oral Argument....................................  92-3 Park.
Firearms (See Weapons)
Ferry Flights..........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.
Filing (See also Appeals; Timeliness):
    Burden to prove date of filing.....................  97-11 Hampton Air; 98-1 V. Taylor.
    Discrepancy between certificate of service and       98-16 Blue Ridge Airlines.
     postmark.
    Service on designated representative...............  98-19 Martin & Jaworski.

[[Page 1660]]

 
Flight & Duty Time:
    Circumstances beyond crew's control:
        Generally......................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.
        Foreseeability.................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.
        Late freight...................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.
        Weather........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.
    Competency check flights...........................  96-4 South Aero.
    Limitation of Duty Time............................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.
    Limitation of Flight...............................  95-8 Charter Airlines.
        ``Other commercial flying''....................  95-8 Charter Airlines.
    Recordkeeping:
        Individual flight time record for each Part 135  97-Premier Jets.
         pilot.
Flights................................................  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Freedom of Information Act.............................  93-10 Costello.
Fuel Exhaustion........................................  95-26 Hereth.
Guns (See Weapons)
Ground Security Coordinator, (See also Air Carrier;      96-16 WestAir Commuter.
 Standard Security Program) Failure to provide.
Hazardous Materials:
    Transportation of, generally.......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77
                                                          TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling;
                                                          95-12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.
    Civil Penalty, generally...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-26 Midtown; 92-2 Carr.
        Corrective Action..............................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.
        Culpability....................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
        Financial hardship.............................  95-16 Mulhall.
            Installment plan...........................  95-16 Mulhall.
        First-time violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
        Gravity of violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown;
                                                          98-2 Carr.
        Minimum penalty................................  95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
        Numbers of violations..........................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-2 Carr.
        Redundant violations...........................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-2 Carr.
    Criminal Penalty...................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.
    EAJA, applicability of.............................  94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.
    Individuals violations.............................  95-16 Mulhall.
    Judicial review....................................  97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-8 Carr.
    Knowingly..........................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.
    Specific hazard class transported:
        Combustible: Paint.............................  95-16 Mulhall.
        Corrosive:
            Wet Battery................................  94-28 Toyota Motor Sales.
            Other......................................  92-77 TCI.
        Explosive: Fireworks...........................  94-31 Smalling; 98-2 Carr.
        Flammable:
            Paint......................................  96-26 Midtown Neon Sign.
            Turpentine.................................  95-16 Mulhall.
        Radioactive....................................  94-19 Pony Express.
Hearing: Failure of party to attend....................  98-23 Instead Balloon Services.
Informal Conference....................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Initial Decision: What constitutes.....................  92-32 Barnhill.
Interference with crewmembers (See also Passenger        92-3 Park; 96-6 Ignatovf; 97-12 Mayer; 98-11 TWA; 98-12
 Misconduct; Assault).                                    Stout.
Interlocutory Appeal...................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37
                                                          Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-25 Gotbetter.
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-
                                                          73 Wyatt.
Jurisdiction:
    After initial decision.............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28
                                                          Strohl.
    After Order Assessing Civil Penalty................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
    After withdrawal of complaint......................  94-39 Kirola.
    $50,000 Limit......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.
    EAJA cases.........................................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.
    HazMat cases.......................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.
    NTSB...............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
    Statutory authority to regulate flights entirely     99-11 Evergreen Helicopters.
     outside of U.S. questioned.
Knowledge of concealed weapon (See also Weapons          89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
 Violation).
Laches (See Delay in initiating action)
Mailing Rule, generally................................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
                                                          90-39 Hart; 98-20 Koenig.
    Overnight express delivery.........................  89-6 American Airlines.
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance)
Maintenance Instruction................................  93-36 Valley Air.
Maintenance Manual.....................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories: 96-25 USAir.

[[Page 1661]]

 
    Air carrier maintenance manual.....................  96-3 America West Airlines.
    Approved/accepted repairs..........................  96-3 America West Airlines.
    Manufacturer's maintenance manual..................  96-3 America West Airlines; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-32
                                                          Florida Propeller.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft Maintenance)
Mootness, appeal dismissed as moot.....................  92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP)....  90-16 Rocky Mountain.
National Transportation Safety Board:
    Administrator not bound by NTSB case law...........  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18
                                                          Westair Commuter.
    Lack of Jurisdiction...............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74
                                                          Wendt.
Notice of Hearing: Receipt.............................  92-31 Eaddy.
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:
    Initiates action...................................  91-9 Continental Airlines.
    Signature of agency attorney.......................  93-12 Langton.
    Withdrawal of......................................  90-17 Wilson.
Operate, generally.....................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.
    Responsibility of aircraft owner/operator for        96-17 Fenner.
     actions of pilot.
Oral Argument before Administrator on appeal:
    Decision to hold...................................  92-16 Wendt.
    Instructions for...................................  92-27 Wendt.
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:
    Appeal from........................................  92-1 Costello; 95-19 Rayner.
    Timeliness of request for hearing..................  95-19 Rayner.
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 95-19
                                                          Rayner; 97-7 Stalling.
Parachuting............................................  98-3 Fedele.
Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA): Failure to obtain...  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Passenger List.........................................  99-13 Falcon Air Express.
Passenger Misconduct...................................  92-3 Park.
    Assault/Battery....................................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 98-11 TWA; 99-16 Dorfman.
    Compliance with Fasten Seat Belt Sign..............  99-16 Alika Aviation.
    Interference with a crewmember.....................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 98-11 TWA; 98-12 Stout; 99-
                                                          16 Dorfman.
    Smoking............................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 99-6 Squire.
        Hearing loss and failure to obey instructions    99-6 Squire.
         re: not smoking.
    Stowing carry-on items.............................  97-12 Mayer; 99-16.
Penalty (see Sanction; Hazardous Materials)
Person.................................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.
Prima Facie Case (See also Proof & Evidence)...........  95-26 Hereth; 96-3 America West Airlines.
Proof & Evidence (see also Federal Rules of Evidence):
    Admissions.........................................  99-5 Africa Air.
        Evidentiary admission is rebuttable............  99-5 Africa Air.
    Affirmative Defense................................  92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 98-6
                                                          Continental Airlines
    Burden of Proof....................................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92-
                                                          13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney; 97-
                                                          32 Florida Propeller.
    Circumstantial Evidence............................  90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29
                                                          Sweeney; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-10 Alphin; 97-
                                                          11 Hampton; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-6 Continental
                                                          Airlines.
    Credibility (See Administrative Law Judges;
     Credibility of Witnesses)
    Criminal standard rejected.........................  91-12 Terry & Menne.
    Closing Arguments (See also Final Oral Argument)...  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
    Extra-record material..............................  95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.
    Hearsay............................................  92-72 Giuffrida; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-11
                                                          TWA.
    New evidence.......................................  Northwest Aircraft Rental 94-4; 97-23 Kilrain; 99-15
                                                          Blue Ridge.
    Offer of proof.....................................  97-32 Florida Propeller.
    Preponderance of evidence..........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental
                                                          Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72
                                                          Giuffrida; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-31
                                                          Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-3 Fedele; 98-
                                                          6 Continental Airlines; 98-11 TWA.
    Presumption that message on ATC tape is received as  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
     transmitted.
    Presumption that a gun is deadly or dangerous......  90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.
    Presumption that owner gave pilot permission.......  96-17 Fenner.
    Prima facie case...................................  95-26 Hereth, 96-3 America West; 98-6 Continental
                                                          Airlines.
    Settlement offer...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir; 99-5 Africa Air.
        Admission as part of settlement offer excluded.  99-5 Africa Air; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
    Subsequent remedial measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.
    Substantial evidence...............................  92-72 Giuffrida.
Pro Se Parties: Special Considerations.................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 95-25
                                                          Conquest.

[[Page 1662]]

 
Prosecutorial Discretion...............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46
                                                          Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt; 95-17 Larry's Flying
                                                          Service.
    Administrator does not review Complainant's          98-2 Carr.
     decision not to bring action against anyone but
     respondent.
Reconsideration:
    Denied by ALJ......................................  89-4 & 90-3 Metz.
    Granted by ALJ.....................................  92-32 Barnhill.
    Late request for...................................  97-14 Pacific Aviation; 98-14 Larry's Flying Service.
    Petition based on new material.....................  96-23 Kilrain.
    Repetitious petitions..............................  96-9 [Airport Operator].
    Stay of order pending..............................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
Redundancy, enhancing safety...........................  97-11 Hampton.
Remand.................................................  89-American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24
                                                          Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1
                                                          Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-37 Houston.
Repair Station.........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited;
                                                          94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-31
                                                          Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller.
Request for Hearing....................................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
    Constructive withdrawal of.........................  97-7 Stalling; 98-23 Instead Balloon Services.
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G):
    Applicability of...................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS
                                                          Aviation.
    Challenges to......................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21
                                                          Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
    Effect of Changes in...............................  90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
    Initiation of Action...............................  91-9 Continental Airlines.
Runway incursions......................................  92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Sanction:
    Ability to Pay.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10
                                                          Flight Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51
                                                          Koblick; 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft
                                                          Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a
                                                          Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-11 Hampton; 97-16 Mauna
                                                          Kea; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-11 TWA; 99-12
                                                          TWA; 99-15 Blue Ridge.
    Agency policy:
        ALJ bound by...................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-19
                                                          [Air Carrier].
        Changes after complaint........................  97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.
    Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A, Sanction     90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato;
     Guidance Table, memoranda pertaining to).            90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-4
                                                          South Aero; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-25 USAir.
    Compliance Disposition.............................  97-23 Detroit Metropolitan.
    Consistency with Precedent.........................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-26 Midtown; 97-30 Emery Worldwide
                                                          Airlines; 98-12 Stout; 98-18 General Aviation.
        But when precedent is based on superceded        96-19 [Air Carrier].
         sanction policy.
    Corrective Action..................................  91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          41 [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18
                                                          Westair Commuter; 94-28 Toyota; 96-4 south Areo; 96-19
                                                          [Air Carrier]; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 97-23 Detroit
                                                          Metropolitan; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 98-22
                                                          Northwest Airlines; 99-12 TWA; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
    Discovery (See Discovery)
    Factors to consider................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight
                                                          Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28
                                                          Toyota; 95-11 Horizon; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-26
                                                          Midtown; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 98-2 Carr; 99-15 Blue Ridge.
    First-Time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.
    HazMat (See Hazardous Materals)
    Inexperience.......................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.
    Installment Payments...............................  95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
    Maintenance........................................  95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific
                                                          Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10
                                                          Alphin; 97-11 Hampton; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines;
                                                          99-14 Alika Aviation.
    Maximum............................................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller; 96-19 [Air Carrier].
    Minimum (HazMat)...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr.
    Modified...........................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38
                                                          Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines;
                                                          92-32 Barnhill.
    Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanction (See    94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
     also Complaint).
    Sanctions in specific cases:
        Failure to comply with Security Directives.....  98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
        Passenger/baggage matching.....................  98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.

[[Page 1663]]

 
        Passenger Misconduct...........................  97-12 Mayer; 98-12 Stout.
        Person evading screening (See also Screening)..  97-20 Werle.
        Pilot Deviation................................  92-8 Watkins.
        Test object detection..........................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air
                                                          Carrier].
        Unairworthy aircraft...........................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9
                                                          Alphin; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
        Unauthorized access............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          94-1 Delta Air Lines; 98-7 LAX.
        Unqualified pilot..............................  99-15 Blue Ridge.
        Weapons violations.............................  90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5
                                                          Grant; 97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.
Screening of Persons:
    Air carrier failure to detect weapon Sanction......  94-44 American Airlines.
    Air carrier failure to match bag with passenger....  98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
    Entering Sterile Areas.............................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl; 97-20 Werle; 98-20 Koenig.
    Sanction for individual evading screening (See also  97-20 Werle; 98-20 Koenig.
     Sanction).
Security (See Screening of Persons, Standard Security
 Program, Test Object Detection, Unauthorized Access,
 Weapons Violations):
    Agency directives, violation of....................  99-12 TWA.
    Giving false information about carrying a weapon or  98-24 Stevens.
     explosive on board an aircraft.
Sealing of Record......................................  97-13 Westair Commuter; 97-28 Continental Airlines.
Separation of Functions................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38
                                                          Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel.
Service (See also Mailing Rule; Receipt):
    Of NPCP............................................  90-22 USAir; 97-20 Werle.
    Of FNPCP...........................................  93-13 Medel.
    Receipt of document sent by mail...................  92-31 Eaddy.
    Return of certified mail...........................  97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.
    Valid Service......................................  92-18 Bargen; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
Settlement.............................................  91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 99-10 Azteca.
    Request for hearing not withdrawn..................  99-10 Azteca.
Skydiving..............................................  98-3 Fedele.
Smoking................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 99-6 Squire.
Stale Complaint Rule: If NPCP not sent.................  97-20 Werle.
Standard Security Program (SSP):
    Compliance with....................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta
                                                          Air Lines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 98-22 Northwest
                                                          Airlines; 99-1 American.
    Checkpoint Security Coordinator....................  98-22 Northwest Airlines.
    Ground Security Coordinator........................  96-16 Westair Commuter.
Statute of Limitations.................................  97-20 Werle.
Stay of Orders.........................................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
    Pending judicial review............................  95-15 Charter Airlines.
Strict Liability.......................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator];
                                                          91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 97-
                                                          23 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-7 LAX.
Test Object Detection..................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines;
                                                          92-13 Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].
    Proof of violation.................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 (Continental Airlines: 92-13 Delta
                                                          Air Lines.
    Sanction...........................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air
                                                          Carrier].
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Filing; Mailing Rule;
 and Appeals):
    Burden to prove date of filing.....................  97-11 Hampton Air; 98-1 V. Taylor.
    Of response to NPCP................................  90-22 USAir
    Of Complaint.......................................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.
    Of initial decision................................  97-31 Sanford Air.
    Of NPCP............................................  92-73 Wyatt.
    Of reply brief.....................................  97-11 Hampton.
    Of request for hearing.............................  93-12 Langton; 95-19 Rayner.
    Of EAJA application (See EAJA--Final disposition,
     EAJA--Jurisdiction)
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer Approval)  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Unauthorized Access:
    To aircraft........................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air
                                                          Lines.
    To Air Operations Area (AOA).......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1
                                                          Delta Air Lines.
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of.............  92-40 Wendt.
Weapons Violations, generally..........................  89-5 Schultz, 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23
                                                          Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3
                                                          Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32
                                                          Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59
                                                          Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American Airlines.
    Concealed weapon...................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.

[[Page 1664]]

 
    ``Deadly or Dangerous''............................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Easu.
    First-time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schutz.
    Intent to commit violation.........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26
                                                          Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.
    Knowledge: Of Weapon Concealment (See also           89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
     Knowledge).
    Sanction (See Sanction)
Weight and Balance.....................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.
    Passenger list.....................................  99-13 Falcon Air Express.
Witnesses (See also Credibility):
    Absence of, Failure to subpoena....................  92-3 Park; 98-2 Carr.
    Expert testimony: Evaluation of....................  93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney; 96-3
                                                          American West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-9 Alphin;
                                                          97-32 Florida Propeller.
    Expert witness fees (See EAJA)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Regulations (Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 (maintenance)......................................  94-38 Bohan; 97-11 Hampton.
1.1 (major alteration).................................  99-5 Africa Air.
1.1 (major repair).....................................  96-3 America West Airlines.
1.1 (minor repair).....................................  96-3 America West Airlines.
1.1 (operate)..........................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.
1.1 (person)...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.
1.1 (propeller)........................................  96-15 Valley Air.
13.16..................................................  90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest
                                                          Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92-
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-27
                                                          Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling; 95-19 Rayner;
                                                          96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-9
                                                          Alphin; 98-18 General Aviation.
13.201.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.
13.202.................................................  90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.
13.203.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38
                                                          Continental Airlines.
13.204.................................................
13.205.................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska
                                                          Airlines; 92-32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan;
                                                          94-39 Kirola; 95-16 Mulhall; 97-20 Werle.
13.206.................................................
13.207.................................................  94-39 Kirola.
13.208.................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety
                                                          Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth; 97-
                                                          20 Werle; 98-4 Larry's.
13.209.................................................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety
                                                          Equipment; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22 Harkins; 94-
                                                          29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 95-10 Diamond; 95-28
                                                          Atlantic World Airways; 97-7 Stalling; 97-18 Robinson;
                                                          97-33 Rawlings; 98-21 Blankson.
13.210.................................................  92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-
                                                          7 Dunn; 93-28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna; 95-28
                                                          Atlantic World Airways; 96-17 Fenner; 97-11 Hampton;
                                                          97-18 Robinson; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-16 Blue Ridge
                                                          Airlines.
13.211.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1
                                                          Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne County Airport; 92-74
                                                          Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant;
                                                          94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota; 95-28
                                                          Valley Air; 97-7 Stalling; 97-11 Hampton; 98-4 Larry's
                                                          Flying Service; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski; 98-20 Koenig;
                                                          99-2 Oxygen Systems.
13.212.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental
                                                          Airlines; 99-2 Oxygen Systems.
13.213.................................................
13.214.................................................  91-3 Lewis.
13.215.................................................  93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.
13.216.................................................
13.217.................................................  91-17 KDS Aviation.
13.218.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
                                                          90-39 Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific
                                                          Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston;
                                                          95-18 Rayner; 96-16 WestAir; 96-24 Horizon; 98-20
                                                          Koenig.
13.219.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental; 91-54 Alaska
                                                          Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metro. Wayne
                                                          County Airport; 98-25 Gotbetter.

[[Page 1665]]

 
13.220.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts
                                                          Agricultural Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
13.221.................................................  92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.
13.222.................................................  92-72 Giuffrida; 96-15 Valley Air.
13.223.................................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida; 95-26
                                                          Hereth; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-11 Hampton; 97-31 Sanford
                                                          Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-3 Fedele; 98-6
                                                          Continental Airlines.
13.224.................................................  90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72
                                                          Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota; 95-25
                                                          Conquest; 96-17 Fenner; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-6
                                                          Continental Airlines.
13.225.................................................  97-32 Florida Propeller.
13.226.................................................
13.227.................................................  90-21 Carroll; 95-26 Hereth.
13.228.................................................  92-3 Park.
13.229.................................................
13.230.................................................  92-19 Cornwall; 95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.
13.231.................................................  92-3 Park.
13.232.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18
                                                          Bargen; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-6 Ignatov; 98-18 General
                                                          Aviation.
13.233.................................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner;
                                                          89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P.
                                                          Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8
                                                          Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26
                                                          Britt Airways; 91-31 Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-
                                                          43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta; 91-47
                                                          Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53 Koller;
                                                          92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-
                                                          15 Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-27 Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay
                                                          Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck;
                                                          92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean
                                                          Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-67
                                                          USAir, 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74 Wendt; 92-
                                                          78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn;
                                                          93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-
                                                          27 Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-
                                                          9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-
                                                          15 Columna; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page;
                                                          94-26 French Aircraft; 94-28 Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-
                                                          9 Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain; 95-23 Atlantic World
                                                          Airways; 95-25 Conquest; 95-26 Hereth; 96-1 [Airport
                                                          Operator; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 97-1 Midtown Neon
                                                          Sign; 97-2 Sanford Air; 97-7 Stalling; 97-22 Sanford
                                                          Air; 97-24 Gordon Air; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-33
                                                          Rawlings; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-4 Larry's Flying
                                                          Service; 98-3 Fedele; Continental Airlines 98-6; 98-7
                                                          LAX; 98-10 Rawlings; 98-15 Squire; 98-18 General
                                                          Aviation; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski; 98-20 Koenig; 99-2
                                                          Oxygen Systems; 99-11 Evergreen Helicopters.
13.234.................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90-
                                                          38 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota; 96-9 [Airport Operator]; 96-23 Kilrain.
13.235.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental
                                                          Airlines; 90-15 Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.
Part 14................................................  92-74 & 93-2 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.
14.01..................................................  91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.
14.04..................................................  91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello; 95-
                                                          27 Valley Air.
14.05..................................................  90-17 Wilson.
14.12..................................................  95-27 Valley Air.
14.20..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 96-22 Woodhouse.
14.22..................................................  93-29 Sweeney.
14.23..................................................  98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
14.26..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 95-27 Valley Air.
14.28..................................................  95-9 Woodhouse.
21.181.................................................  96-25 USAir.
21.303.................................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.
25.787.................................................  97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
25.855.................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
39.3...................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3...................................................  92-73 Wyatt; 97-31 Sanford Air; 98-18 General Aviation.
43.5...................................................  96-18 Kilrain; 97-31 Sanford Air.
43.9...................................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 97-31 Sanford Air; 98-
                                                          4 Larry's Flying Service.

[[Page 1666]]

 
43.13..................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38
                                                          Bohan; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-25 USAir; 97-9
                                                          Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines;
                                                          97-31 Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller.
43.15..................................................  90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural
                                                          Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse; 96-18 Kilrain.
61.3...................................................  99-11 Evergreen Helicopters.
65.15..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.
65.92..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.
91.7...................................................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-16
                                                          Mauna Kea; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-5 Africa Air.
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90).............................  92-3 Park.
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90).............................  90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8
                                                          Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson &
                                                          Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17
                                                          Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-29
                                                          Sutton; 95-26 Hereth; 96-17 Fenner.
91.11..................................................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 98-12 Stout; 99-16 Dorfman.
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90).............................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight
                                                          Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney.
91.71..................................................  97-11 Hampton.
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt;
                                                          92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)...........................  90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.
91.103.................................................  95-26 Hereth.
91.111.................................................  96-17 Fenner.
91.113.................................................  96-17 Fenner.
91.151.................................................  95-25 Hereth.
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)..........................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
91.203.................................................  99-5 Africa Air.
91.205.................................................  98-18 General Aviation
91.213.................................................  97-11 Hampton.
91.403.................................................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-31
                                                          Sanford Air.
91.405.................................................  97-16 Mauna Kea; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-18
                                                          General Aviation; 99-5 Africa Air.
91.407.................................................  98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 99-5 Africa Air.
91.417.................................................  98-18 General Aviation.
91.517.................................................  98-12 Stout.
91.703.................................................  94-29 Sutton.
105.29.................................................  98-3 Fedele; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
107.1..................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 98-7
                                                          LAX.
107.9..................................................  98-7 LAX.
107.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport
                                                          Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
                                                          Operator]; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit
                                                          Metropolitan; 98-7 LAX.
107.20.................................................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl; 97-20 Werle; 98-20 Koenig.
107.21.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23
                                                          Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39
                                                          Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38
                                                          Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson;
                                                          94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling; 97-7 Stalling.
107.25.................................................  94-30 Columna.
108.5..................................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines;
                                                          91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55
                                                          Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-
                                                          44 American Airlines; 96-16 WestAir; 96-19 [Air
                                                          Carrier]; 98-22 Northwest Airlines; 99-1 American; 99-
                                                          12 TWA.
108.7..................................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 99-1 American.
108.9..................................................  98-22 Northwest Airlines.
108.10.................................................  96-16 WestAir.
108.11.................................................  90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-
                                                          Sautter; 94-44 American Airlines.
108.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest
                                                          Airlines.
108.18.................................................  98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
121.133................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines.
121.153................................................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West
                                                          Airlines; 96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir; 97-21 Delta; 97-
                                                          30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
121.221................................................  97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
121.317................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 99-6 Squire; 99-16
                                                          Dorfman.

[[Page 1667]]

 
121.318................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.
121.367................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 96-25 USAir.
121.571................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.
121.575................................................  98-11 TWA.
121.577................................................  98-11 TWA.
121.589................................................  97-12 Mayer.
121.628................................................  95-11 Horizon; 97-21 Delta; 97-30 Emery Worldwide
                                                          Airlines.
121.693................................................  99-13 Falcon Air Express.
121.697................................................  99-13 Falcon Air Express.
135.1..................................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-25 Conquest.
135.3..................................................  99-15 Blue Ridge.
135.5..................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-25
                                                          Conquest; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.
135.25.................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air; 95-27 Valley
                                                          Air; 96-15 Valley Air.
135.63.................................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service;
                                                          95-28 Atlantic; 96-4 South Aero; 99-7 Premier Jets.
135.87.................................................  90-21 Carroll.
135.95.................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 99-15 Blue Ridge.
135.179................................................  97-11 Hampton.
135.185................................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.
135.234................................................  99-15 Blue Ridge.
135.243................................................  99-11 Evergreen Helicopters; 99-15 Blue Ridge.
135.263................................................  95-9 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.
135.267................................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-
                                                          4 South Aero.
135.293................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-4 South.
                                                         Aero; 99-15 Blue Ridge.
135.299................................................  99-15 Blue Ridge.
135.343................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 99-15 Blue Ridge.
135.411................................................  97-11 Hampton.
135.413................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/
                                                          a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 99-14
                                                          Alika Aviation.
135.421................................................  93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 99-
                                                          14 Alika Aviation.
135.437................................................  94-3 Valley Air: 96-15 Valley Air.
141.101................................................  98-18 General Aviation.
145.1..................................................  97-10 Alphin.
145.3..................................................  97-10 Alphin.
145.25.................................................  97-10 Alphin.
145.45.................................................  97-10 Alphin.
145.47.................................................  97-10 Alphin.
145.49.................................................  97-10 Alphin.
145.53.................................................  9-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
145.57.................................................  94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin; 97-32 Florida Propeller.
145.61.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
191....................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest
                                                          Airlines; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
298.1..................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.
302.8..................................................  92-22 USAir.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     49 CFR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.47...................................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.
171 et seq.............................................  95-10 Diamond.
171.2..................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr.
171.8..................................................  92-77 TCI.
172.101................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.
172.200................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown;
                                                          98-2 Carr.
172.202................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          98-2 Carr.
172.203................................................  94-28 Toyota.
172.204................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          98-2 Carr.
172.300................................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2
                                                          Carr.
172.301................................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
172.304................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
172.400................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          98-2 Carr.
172.402................................................  94-28 Toyota.
172.406................................................  92-77 TCI.
173.1..................................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          98-2 Carr.

[[Page 1668]]

 
173.3..................................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 98-2 Carr.
173.6..................................................  94-28 Toyota.
173.22(a)..............................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 98-2 Carr.
173.24.................................................  94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.
173.25.................................................  94-28 Toyota.
173.27.................................................  92-77 TCI.
173.62.................................................  98-2 Carr.
173.115................................................  92-77 TCI.
173.240................................................  92-77 TCI.
173.243................................................  94-28 Toyota.
173.260................................................  94-28 Toyota.
173.266................................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
175.25.................................................  94-31 Smalling.
191.5..................................................  97-13 Westair Commuter.
191.7..................................................  97-13 Westair Commuter.
821.30.................................................  92-73 Wyatt.
821.33.................................................  90-21 Carroll.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Statutes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 U.S.C.:
    504................................................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 &
                                                          93-9 Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI; 95-27 Valley
                                                          Air; 96-22 Woodhouse; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
    552................................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10
                                                          Costello.
    554................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12
                                                          Toyota.
    556................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
    557................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest
                                                          Airlines; 94-28 Toyota.
    705................................................  95-14 Charter Airlines.
    5332...............................................  95-27 Valley Air.
11 U.S.C.:
    362................................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.
28 U.S.C.:
    2412...............................................  93-10 Costello; 96-22 Woodhouse.
    2462...............................................  90-21 Carroll.
49 U.S.C.:
    5123...............................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 & 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-2
                                                          Carr.
    40102..............................................  96-17 Fenner.
    41706..............................................  99-6 Squire.
    44701..............................................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-17 Fenner; 99-12 TWA.
    44704..............................................  96-3 America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air.
    46110..............................................  96-22 Woodhouse; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.
    46301..............................................  97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 97-20 Werle;
                                                          99-15 Blue Ridge.
    46302..............................................  98-24 Stevens.
    46303..............................................  97-7 Stalling.
49 U.S.C. App.:
    1301(31) (operate).................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.
        (32)(person)...................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.
    1356...............................................  90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.
    1357...............................................  90-18 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport
                                                          Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
    1421...............................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9
                                                          Wendt.
    1429...............................................  92-73 Wyatt.
    1471...............................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90-
                                                          18 & 90-19. Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26
                                                          & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta
                                                          Airlines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-
                                                          Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety
                                                          Equipment; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 94-40
                                                          Polynesian Airways; 96-6 Ignatov; 97-7 Stalling.
    1472...............................................  96-6 Ignatov.
    1475...............................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-
                                                          19 & 91-1 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
    1486...............................................  90-21 Carroll; 96-22 Woodhouse.
    1809...............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31
                                                          Smalling; 95-12 Toyota.
 


[[Page 1669]]

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator Digests

    (This digest includes all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator from October 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999.)
    The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are 
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the 
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final 
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from October 1, 1999, 
to December 31, 1999. The FAA publishes non-cumulative supplements to 
this compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g., April, July, October, and 
January of each year).
    These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be 
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as 
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other 
interested persons should always consult the full text of the 
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

In the Matter of Trans World Airlines, Inc.

Order No. 99-12 (10/7/99)
    Security Cases. This is a consolidated appeal of two separate 
security cases against TWA. In each case, the law judge found that TWA 
violated one FAA security directive and several regulations. The law 
judge assessed a $6,500 civil penalty in each case, for a total of 
$13,000. In the first case, a TWA agent failed during check-in to ask 
an FAA inspector posing as a passenger if she had received anything 
from unknown persons. In the second case, the agent failed to ensure 
proper passenger/baggage checking. As a result, TWA transported the 
baggage aboard the airplane, even though the undercover agent never 
boarded. In each case, TWA admitted facts, but denied violations.
    Validity of the Security Directives. On appeal, TWA challenges the 
validity of the FAA security directives on several fronts. The law 
judge, however, did not err in declining to consider issues involving 
the validity of the security directives. As previously held, the 
Federal courts provide a more appropriate forum for challenging the 
validity of FAA security directives.
    Non-Delegability of Air Carrier Responsibilities. TWA argues it 
should not be held fully responsible for unauthorized omissions of its 
employees. It has been held repeatedly that air carriers are 
responsible for violations committed by their employees while acting 
within scope of employment. By holding air carriers responsible for 
violations committed by their employees, the public is assured that air 
carriers will do everything in their power to ensure that their 
employees comply with the security and safety regulations. No one is in 
a better position to bring pressure to bear on air carrier employees to 
comply with the regulations than the air carriers themselves. It would 
be contrary to public interest to permit TWA and other air carriers to 
transfer away their crucial safety and security responsibilities.
    Sanction. TWA argues that the law judge should have reduced the 
proposed sanctions more than he did. The law judge reduced the sanction 
in each case from $7,500 to $6,500. In setting the sanctions, however, 
the law judge carefully balanced the seriousness of the violations 
against any mitigating factors. He gave adequate weight to the 
mitigating factor of TWA's corrective action. Previous cases have held 
that simple reminders of pre-existing security responsibilities, 
standing alone, do not ordinarily justify a reduction in an otherwise 
reasonable civil penalty. The $6,500 sanctions set by the law judge 
already take into account the inadvertent nature of the violations and 
TWA's compliance disposition. If the violations had been deliberate or 
if TWA had demonstrated a non-compliant disposition, higher penalties 
would have been appropriate.
    Financial Hardship. TWA offered no witness who could testify to 
TWA's inability to absorb the proposed sanctions. Moreover, TWA's 
admission in its appeal briefs that the $6,500 civil penalties ``will 
certainly not drastically harm'' it undercuts its financial hardship 
argument. Due to the seriousness of the violations, which left the 
system vulnerable to terrorist attack, the law judge did not err in 
assessing a $6,500 in each case.
    Conclusion. This decision denies TWA's appeal and affirms the ALJ's 
assessment of $6,500 in each case, for a total of $13,000.

In the Matter of Falcon Air Express, Inc.

Order No. 99-13 (12/22/99)
    Passenger List Requirement. This case involves an alleged failure 
to keep an accurate list of passenger names. During a routine 
inspection, FAA inspectors found a discrepancy: although the weight and 
balance manifest said there were 135 passengers on a Falcon flight from 
the Dominican Republic to the U.S., the passenger list only contained 
84 names.
    Falcon's Operations director said he would obtain a complete list 
and fax it to the FAA in about 10 minutes. Falcon contacted Aerolineas, 
the carrier for whom it conducted the flight, to obtain a complete 
list. The next day, the inspectors returned to Falcon to get the new 
list, which had 139 names--a different number than on either of the 
other 2 lists. Neither Falcon's President nor its Operations Director 
could explain the discrepancy, or say which individuals were actually 
on board. As it turned out, the list from Aerolineas was encoded. Some 
of the names were no-shows or duplicates.
    Accuracy of Weight and Balance Calculations. On appeal, Falcon 
disputes the law judge's statement that the weight and balance 
calculations could have been inaccurate. It is true that the purser 
obtained the correct number of passengers by doing a head count. But 
there is evidence supporting the law judge's statement that the 
calculations could have been inaccurate: Falcon's own safety director 
testified that one reason for keeping the passenger list was for weight 
and balance calculations. In any event, safety is still at issue 
because Falcon was unable to tell inspectors the correct number of 
passengers. If the list contains too few names, rescuers could end a 
post-accident search prematurely. If it contains too many names, 
rescuers could be endangered while searching for passengers not on 
flight.
    Accuracy of Passenger List. Falcon argues the list it obtained from 
Aerolineas was accurate because the codes indicated which passengers 
were on flight. But a passenger list, no matter how accurate, is of 
little use if the carrier cannot decode it without delay.
    Also, Falcon argues that its President and Operations Director do 
not need to be able to explain technical matters, and that other 
personnel who knew the codes would have been involved in an emergency. 
But Falcon's management did not know the codes. Twice inspectors 
visited Falcon asking how many passengers were on board and twice they 
left without the information.
    Sanction. Falcon argues no penalty should be assessed because it 
was a simple misunderstanding regarding the codes. But a civil penalty 
needs to be assessed to ensure that in an emergency, carriers able to 
provide an accurate number and the names of passengers without any 
confusion or delay.
    Falcon also argues that the $5,000 civil penalty should be reduced 
due to a typo on the complaint, which erroneously stated the maximum 
penalty as $1,000 instead of $10,000. But both the notice and the final 
notice of proposed civil penalty said the maximum was $10,000. 
Moreover, even the complaint, even though it misstated the maximum, 
stated the agency was

[[Page 1670]]

seeking $7,500. Falcon has not shown it was harmed. Falcon's appeal is 
denied and the $5,000 civil penalty assessed by the law judge is 
affirmed.

In the Matter of Alika Aviation, Inc.

FAA Order No. 99-14 (12/22/99)
    This case arises from a post-accident inspection of a Hughes 369D 
helicopter, operated by Alika Aviation, d/b/a Alexair, in which it was 
found that the N1 and N2 tach generators were each missing 2 opposing 
mounting nuts and the oil pressure regulating valve was missing its 
safety wire. The law judge held that it was demonstrated beyond mere 
probability that these defects existed at the time of the aircraft's 
last 100-hour inspection. Alexair operated the aircraft for 71 hours 
between the time of its last 100-hour inspection and the time of the 
accident that led to the inspection by the FAA inspectors. The law 
judge held that these discrepancies should have been discovered during 
the 100-hour inspection, and assessed a $6,000 civil penalty.
    Settlement Offer. Alexair argues on appeal that the law judge 
wrongly rejected evidence of the pre-hearing settlement offer made by 
Complainant, arguing that that evidence would have demonstrated the 
excessiveness of the $10,000 civil penalty sought by Complainant at the 
hearing. This argument is rejected. The introduction of evidence of 
settlement offers is prohibited under Federal Rule of Evidence 408 when 
that evidence is sought to dispute the validity of the amount of the 
claim (or in this case, the appropriateness of the civil penalty.)
    Informal Conference. Alexair argues on appeal that the agency 
attorney conducted the informal conference improperly. It is held that 
what happened at the informal is not at issue before the law judge at 
the hearing stage or the Administrator on appeal.
    Operator responsible for the acts and omissions of its employees. A 
Part 135 operator is responsible for the acts and omissions of its 
employees in the scope of their employment and for the condition of its 
aircraft. Citing 14 CFR 135.413(a); In the Matter of TWA, FAA Order No. 
98-11 (June 16, 1998); In the Matter of USAir, Inc., FAA Order No. 92-
48 at 7 (July 22, 1992), petition for reconsideration denied, FAA Order 
No. 92-70 at 5-6 (December 21, 1992); accord, In the Matter of Pacific 
Aviation International, FAA Order No. 97-11 at 5 (February 20, 1997); 
In the Matter of Horizon Air Industries, FAA Order 96-24 (August 13, 
1996).
    Sanction. The Administrator rejects Alexair's argument that the 
civil penalty should be reduced based on the fact that Alexair fired 
the mechanic who performed the 100-hour inspection. Terminating an 
employee eliminates someone who made a mistake but it does nothing 
positive to ensure that other or future employees will not make that 
same mistake. The Administrator also is not persuaded that the civil 
penalty should be reduced in light of the low civil penalty assessed 
against the mechanic. The Administrator may assess a civil penalty of 
up to $1,000 against an individual, but may assess a civil penalty up 
to $10,000 against an operator, like Alexair, that transports 
passengers or property or compensation or hire. The Administrator 
affirmed the $6,000 civil penalty assessed by the law judge.

In the Matter of Blue Ridge Airlines

Order No. 99-15 (12/22/99)
    Air Carrier Use of Unqualified Pilot. In this case, the law judge 
found that Blue Ridge's President piloted a Blue Ridge flight even 
though he holds only a private pilot certificate. Blue Ridge is a small 
Part 135 air carrier. Its president and owner, Douglas Haynes, is not 
authorized to serve as pilot in command of Blue Ridge flights. It is 
undisputed that Haynes flew a plane with three passengers from Colorado 
to Kansas and back. Blue Ridge claims that the flights were cost-
sharing flights in which the pilot and passengers had a common purpose, 
so they fall under Part 91 instead of Part 135. But the evidence at the 
hearing showed that Haynes charged the passengers $800 for the flight. 
The law judge did not believe Haynes' unlikely story that it was just a 
coincidence that his passengers wanted to go to the same small town in 
Kansas on the very same day that he was already going there to visit 
his cousin.
    New Testimony. On appeal, Blue Ridge asks the Administrator to send 
the case back to the law judge to permit the carrier to permit it to 
present new testimony. But Blue Ridge has not explained what the 
testimony would be, how it might change the outcome, nor has it 
presented supporting affidavits, which are normally required when a 
party asks to present new evidence. Also, Blue Ridge has not shown why 
it did not present the testimony at the hearing in the first place. The 
request to remand is denied.
    Sanction. Complainant has also filed an appeal, arguing that the 
law judge improperly ignored the Enforcement Sanction Guidance Table. 
Compliance and Enforcement Order, FAA Order 2150.3A, Appendix 4. 
Complainant argues that under the table, the law judge should have 
assessed $5,000 instead of $1,600. It is true that the sanction table 
does need to be followed to ensure fairness, and there is no support 
for the method the law judge used in setting the sanction--that is, 
multiplying by two the revenue Blue Ridge generated for the improper 
flights. Nevertheless, there is a valid basis in the table for reducing 
the $5,000 sanction proposed by the agency--the violator's ability to 
absorb the proposed sanction. Blue Ridge's income is extremely 
limited--it operated only a couple of flights under Part 135 and is no 
longer operating. So even though the law judge used an unauthorized 
method, the error was harmless because he arrived at an appropriate 
sanction anyway.

In the Matter of Sharon Dorfman

FAA Order No. 99-16 (12/22/99)
    Ms. Dorfman was a passenger on board an American Airlines flight in 
May 1997. At the conclusion of a hearing, the law judge held that Ms. 
Dorfman did not violate 14 CFR 91.11, 121.317(f) and 121.317(k).
    Late Answer. Complainant argues that the law judge should have 
dismissed the request for hearing because Ms. Dorfman did not 
demonstrate good cause for failing to file her answer on time. The 
Administrator holds that the question of whether the law judge should 
have held a hearing on the merits was a moot question after the hearing 
was held and briefs on the merits filed.
    Assault on the flight attendant not found. Complainant argued that 
the law judge should have found that the preponderance of the evidence 
supported a finding that Ms. Dorfman pushed the flight attendant into a 
closet in violation of 14 CFR 91.11. Because Complainant failed to 
mention this incident in the complaint, the law judge correctly held 
that Complainant was precluded from arguing at the hearing that this 
incident amounted to a violation of Section 91.11. See 14 CFR 
13.208(c). Moreover, the law judge found that Ms. Dorfman accidentally 
jostled the flight attendant. Accidental jostling does not amount to a 
battery, which is an intentional tort. The law judge's finding was 
reasonable in light of the evidence.
    Interference with the flight attendant no found. Ms. Dorfman had 
her legs stretched across the aisle, and ignored the flight attendant's 
requests to move her legs. The flight attendant moved Ms. Dorfman's 
legs out of the way with her cart. The law judge held that this 
momentary and inconsequential

[[Page 1671]]

interference was too insignificant to rise to the level of a violation 
of 14 C.F.R. Sec. 91.11. The Administrator agrees that this behavior 
did not amount to a violation of Section 91.11.
    Interference with the captain not found. The captain testified that 
he was told that Ms. Dorfman would not stow her luggage and sit down. 
The law judge found credible Ms. Dorfman's testimony that she never 
carries her own luggage because she has a bad back, and therefore, she 
could not have been the person who did not stow her luggage. The 
administrator sees no reason to disturb this credibility finding by the 
law judge.
    Violations of seat belt regulations not found. The law judge held 
that there was no evidence that Ms. Dorfman stood for more than a 
moment during the climb out, and he found the evidence that she stood 
up in response to the instruction to remain seated not to be 
compelling. The law judge wrote that Ms. Dorfman's demeanor did not 
suggest that she would flout flight attendant instructions. The 
Administrator sees no reason to distrub this credibility decision.
    Complainant's appeal is denied and the law judge's decision is 
affirmed.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty 
Decisions and Orders

    1. Commercial Publications: The Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty cases are available in the following commercial 
publications:

Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing 
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (410) 798-1677;
Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, a subsidiary of 
West Information Publishing Company, 50 Broad Street East, Rochester, 
NY 14694, 1-800-221-9428.

    2. CD-ROM. The Administrator's orders and decisions are available 
on CD-ROM through Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main 
Street, Gruver, TX 79040, (806) 733-2483.
    3. On-Line Services. The Administrator's decisions and orders in 
civil penalty cases are available through the following on-line 
services:
      Westlaw (the Database ID is FTRAN-FAA).
      LEXIS [Transportation (TRANS) Libarary, FAA file.].
      Compuserve.
      FedWorld.

Docket

    The FAA Hearing Docket is located at FAA Headquarters, 800 
Independence Avenue, SW, Room 926A, Washington, DC, 20591 (tel. no. 
202-267-3641.) The clerk of the FAA Hearing Docket is Ms. Stephanie 
McClain. All documents that are required to be filed in civil penalty 
proceedings must be filed with the FAA Hearing Docket Clerk at the FAA 
Hearing Docket. (See 14 CFR 13.210.) Materials contained in the dockets 
of any case not containing sensitive security information (protected by 
14 CFR Part 191) may be viewed at the FAA Hearing Docket.
    In addition, materials filed in the FAA Hearing Docket in non-
security cases in which the complaints were filed on or after December 
1, 1997, are available for inspection at the Department of 
Transportation Docket, located at 400 7th Street, SW, Room PL-401, 
Washington, DC, 20590, (tel. no. 202-366-9329.) While the originals 
will be retained in the FAA Hearing Docket, the DOT Docket will scan 
copies of documents in non-security cases in which the complaint was 
filed after December 1, 1997, into their computer database. Individuals 
who have access to the Internet can view the materials in these dockets 
using the following Internet address: http://dms.dot.gov.

FAA Offices

    The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are 
available for public inspection and copying at the following location 
in FAA headquarters: FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation 
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Room 926A, Washington, DC 
20591; (202) 267-3641.
    These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center 
legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-7), 
Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd., Oklahoma 
City, OK 73169; (405) 954-3296.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7), Alaskan 
Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513; (907) 
271-5269.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7), Central 
Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building, Kansas 
City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7), Eastern 
Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Fitzgerald Federal 
Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-3285.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-7), 
Great Lakes Region Headquarters, O'Hare Lake Office Center, 2300 East 
Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (847) 294-7085.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-7), New 
England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park, Room 401, 
Burlington, MA 01803; (781) 238-7040.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region (ANM-
7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW, 
Renton, WA 98055; (425) 227-2007.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7), 
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA 
30337; (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7), 
Southwest Region Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 
76137; (817) 222-5064.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7), 
William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City International 
Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 0845; (609) 485-7088.
Office of the Regional Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region (AWP-7), 
Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard, 
Hawthorne, CA 90261; (310) 725-7100.

    Issued in Washington, DC on January 5, 2000.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 00-583 Filed 1-10-00; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M