[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 233 (Monday, December 6, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 68039-68043]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-31544]
[[Page 68039]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 82
[FRL-6503-7]
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
ACTION: Notice of acceptability.
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SUMMARY: This document expands the list of acceptable substitutes for
ozone-depleting substances (ODS) under the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)
program.
EFFECTIVE DATE: December 6, 1999.
ADDRESSES: Information relevant to this document is contained in Air
Docket A-91-42, Central Docket Section, South Conference Room 4, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C.
20460, telephone: (202) 260-7548. The docket may be inspected between
8:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. weekdays. As provided in 40 CFR part 2, a
reasonable fee may be charged for photocopying.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kelly Davis at (202) 564-2303 or fax
(202) 565-2096, [email protected], U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Stratospheric Protection Division, Mail Code 6205J, Washington,
D.C. 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries should be sent to the
office location at 501 3rd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20001. The
Stratospheric Protection Hotline at (800) 296-1996. EPA's Ozone
Depletion World Wide Web site at ``http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/
snap/''.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Section 612 Program
A. Statutory Requirements
B. Regulatory History
II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes
A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
B. Foam Blowing
C. Solvents Cleaning
D. Aerosols
III. Additional Information
Appendix A--Summary of Acceptable Decisions
I. Section 612 Program
A. Statutory Requirements
Section 612 of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to develop a
program for evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA
refers to this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy
(SNAP) program. The major provisions of section 612 are:
Rulemaking--Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate
rules making it unlawful to replace any class I (chlorofluorocarbon,
halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, and
hydrobromofluorocarbon) or class II (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) substance
with any substitute that the Administrator determines may present
adverse effects to human health or the environment where the
Administrator has identified an alternative that (1) reduces the
overall risk to human health and the environment, and (2) is currently
or potentially available.
Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes--Section
612(c) also requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes
unacceptable for specific uses. EPA must publish a corresponding list
of acceptable alternatives for specific uses.
Petition Process--Section 612(d) grants the right to any
person to petition EPA to add a substance to or delete a substance from
the lists published in accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has
90 days to grant or deny a petition. Where the Agency grants the
petition, EPA must publish the revised lists within an additional 6
months.
90-day Notification--Section 612(e) requires EPA to
require any person who produces a chemical substitute for a class I
substance to notify the Agency not less than 90 days before new or
existing chemicals are introduced into interstate commerce for
significant new uses as substitutes for a class I substance. The
producer must also provide the Agency with the producer's unpublished
health and safety studies on such substitutes.
Outreach--Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator
shall seek to maximize the use of federal research facilities and
resources to assist users of class I and II substances in identifying
and developing alternatives to the use of such substances in key
commercial applications.
Clearinghouse--Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to
set up a public clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product
substitutes, and alternative manufacturing processes that are available
for products and manufacturing processes which use class I and II
substances.
B. Regulatory History
On March 18, 1994, EPA published rulemaking (FRM) (59 FR 13044)
which described the process for administering the SNAP program and
issued EPA's first acceptability lists for substitutes in the major
industrial use sectors. These sectors include: refrigeration and air
conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and
explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and
inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors compose the principal
industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of
ozone-depleting compounds.
As described in the original rule for the SNAP program (59 FR
13044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that rulemaking procedures
are required to list alternatives as acceptable with no limitations.
Such listings do not impose any sanction, nor do they remove any prior
license to use a substance. Consequently, by this notice EPA is adding
substances to the list of acceptable alternatives without first
requesting comment on new listings.
EPA does, however, believe that Notice-and-Comment rulemaking is
required to place any substance on the list of prohibited substitutes,
to list a substance as acceptable only under certain conditions, to
list substances as acceptable only for certain uses, or to remove a
substance from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.
Updates to these lists are published as separate notices of rulemaking
in the Federal Register.
The Agency defines a ``substitute'' as any chemical, product
substitute, or alternative manufacturing process, whether existing or
new, that could replace a class I or class II substance. Anyone who
produces a substitute must provide the Agency with health and safety
studies on the substitute at least 90 days before introducing it into
interstate commerce for significant new use as an alternative. This
requirement applies to substitute manufacturers, but may include
importers, formulators or end-users, when they are responsible for
introducing a substitute into commerce.
EPA published Notices listing acceptable alternatives on August 26,
1994 (59 FR 44240), January 13, 1995 (60 FR 3318), July 28, 1995 (60 FR
38729), February 8, 1996 (61 FR 4736), September 5, 1996 (61 FR 47012),
March 10, 1997 (62 FR 10700), June 3, 1997 (62 FR 30275), February 24,
1998 (63 FR 9151), May 22, 1998 (63 FR 28251), and June 8, 1999 (64 FR
30410), and published Final Rulemakings restricting or prohibiting the
use of certain substitutes on March 18, 1994 (59 FR 13044), June 13,
1995 (60 FR 31092), May 22, 1996 (61 FR 25585), October 16, 1996 (61 FR
54029), January 26, 1999 (64 FR 3861 and 3865), March 3, 1999 (64 FR
10374), April 28, 1999 (64 FR 22981), and June 8,1999 (64 FR 30410).
II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes
This section presents EPA's most recent acceptable listing
decisions for substitutes for class I and class II substances in the
refrigeration and air
[[Page 68040]]
conditioning, foam blowing, solvents cleaning, and aerosols sectors.
For copies of the full list of SNAP decisions in all industrial
sectors, contact the EPA Stratospheric Protection Hotline at (800) 296-
1996.
Parts A-D below present a detailed discussion of the substitute
listing. The table summarizing today's listing decisions is in Appendix
A. The comments contained in Appendix A provide additional information,
but are not legally binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act.
Thus, adherence to recommendations in the comments is not mandatory for
use of a substitute. In addition, the comments should not be considered
comprehensive with respect to other legal obligations pertaining to the
use of the substitute. However, EPA strongly encourages users of
acceptable substitutes to apply all comments to their use of these
substitutes. In many instances, the comments simply refer to
standardized operating practices that have already been identified in
existing industry and/or building-code standards. Thus, many of the
comments, if adopted, would not require significant changes in existing
operating practices for the affected industry.
A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
1. Acceptable Substitutes
Under section 612 of the Clean Air Act, EPA is authorized to review
substitutes for class I (CFC) and class II (HCFC) chemicals. The
decisions set forth in this section expand the acceptable listing for
refrigerants.
In listing these refrigerants as acceptable, EPA anticipates that
these refrigerants will be used in such a manner so that any
recommendations specified in the manufacturers' Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDSs) are followed. EPA also anticipates that manufacturers,
installers, servicers, building owners and other parties responsible
for construction and maintenance of refrigeration and air-conditioning
systems will follow all applicable standard industry practices and
technical standards established by voluntary consensus standards
organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
The Agency also expects that refrigerating systems will conform to all
relevant provisions of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standards, including Standard
15, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration, which provides guidelines
for the safety of persons and property on or near premises where
refrigeration facilities are located. Finally, the Agency anticipates
that any exposures by installers or servicers to refrigerants will
conform to all applicable standards set by the U.S. Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) and will not exceed any acceptable
exposure limits set by any voluntary consensus standards organization,
including the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) or the American
Industrial Hygiene Association's (AIHA) workplace environmental
exposure limits (WEELs).
(a) THR-02. The chemical blend submitted to EPA with the
unregistered trade name THR-02 is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12
in the following end-uses:
Industrial process refrigeration and air-conditioning.
Cold storage warehouses.
Refrigerated transport.
retail food refrigeration.
Ice machines.
Vending machines.
Water coolers.
Centrifugal chillers.
Reciprocating chillers.
Household refrigerators and freezers.
Tsinghua University of Beijing and the Beijing Inoue Qinghua
Refrigeration Technology Company LTD, the joint submitters of THR-02,
claim that its composition is confidential business information.
Fractionation and flammability testing have determined that although
two constituents of the blend are flammable, THR-02 as blended is not,
and further testing has shown that it does not become flammable after
leakage. The blend does not contain any significant ozone depleters.
THR-02 contains a constituent with a low global warming potential
(GWP). The potential of this constituent for contributing to global
warming will be mitigated in each end-use through the implementation of
the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the Clean Air Act.
(b) THR-03. The chemical blend submitted to EPA with the
unregistered trade name THR-03 is acceptable as a substitute for HCFC-
22 in the following end-uses:
Industrial process refrigeration and air-conditioning.
Cold storage warehouses.
Refrigerated transport.
Retail food refrigeration.
Ice machines.
Centrifugal chillers.
Reciprocating chillers.
Ice skating rinks.
Household refrigerators and freezers.
Residential window unit air-conditioning.
Tsinghua University of Beijing and the Beijing Inoue Qinghua
Refrigeration Technology Company LTD, the joint submitters of THR-03,
claim that its composition is confidential business information.
Fractionation and flammability testing have determined that although
one constituent of the blend is flammable, THR-03 as blended is not,
and further testing has shown that it does not become flammable after
leakage. The blend has virtually no ozone depleting potential. THR-03
contains two constituents with moderate global warming potentials
(GWP). The potential of these constituents for contributing to global
warming will be mitigated in each end-use through the implementation of
the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the Clean Air Act.
(c) ISCEON 59. The chemical blend submitted to EPA with the
unregistered trade name ISCEON 59 is acceptable as a substitute for R-
22 in the following end-uses:
Household and light commercial air-conditioning.
Commercial comfort air-conditioning.
Industrial process refrigeration and air-conditioning.
Cold storage warehouses.
Refrigerated transport.
Retail food refrigeration.
Ice machines.
Vending machines.
Water coolers.
Centrifugal chillers.
Reciprocating chillers.
Household and other refrigerated appliances.
Ice skating rinks.
Non-mechanical heat transfer.
ISCEON 59 contains HFC-125, HFC-134a, and a small amount of n-butane.
HFC-125 and HFC-134a exhibit a fairly high global warming potential
(3,400 and 1,900, respectively, over a 100 year integrated time
horizon) compared to HCFC-22 (1,750 over a 100 year integrated time
horizon). However, the potential of these constituents for contributing
to global warming will be mitigated in each end-use through the
implementation of the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of
the Clean Air Act. ISCEON 59 does not contain ozone-depleting
substances and is low in toxicity. Although n-butane is flammable, the
blend is not. Leak testing has demonstrated that its composition should
never become flammable under the expected conditions in the listed end-
uses.
(d) Ikon B. Ikon B, a blend of
trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), HFC-134a
[[Page 68041]]
and HFC-152a, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in the following
end-uses:
Industrial process refrigeration and air-conditioning.
Cold storage warehouses.
Refrigerated transport.
Retail food refrigeration.
Ice machines.
Vending machines.
Water coolers.
Centrifugal chillers.
Reciprocating chillers.
Residential dehumidifiers.
Fractionation and flammability testing have determined that
although HFC-152a is flammable, Ikon B as blended is not,
and further testing has shown that it does not become flammable after
leakage. Ikon B has virtually no ozone depleting potential.
It contains two constituents with moderate global warming potentials
(GWP). The potential of these constituents for contributing to global
warming will be mitigated in each end-use through the implementation of
the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the Clean Air Act.
(e) Cryo-Mechanical Cryogenic Transport Refrigeration
System. The cryo-mechanical cryogenic transport system that
uses recaptured and recycled liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen
is acceptable as a substitute for R-502 or CFC-12 in the transport
refrigeration end-use. The cryo-mechanical cryogenic
transport system replaces the conventional engine and compressor in a
transport refrigeration system by using the energy from evaporating and
expanding liquid CO2 or N2. The CO2 or
N2 expands through the system coils and powers a vapor
motor, which then powers an evaporator blower and an alternator. The
evaporator blower forces cargo space air through the system coils where
it is cooled down and subsequently propelled back into the cargo space.
The CO2/N2 vapors are released into the
atmosphere without ever entering the cargo space. Since the system does
not require the use of the conventional diesel engine, emissions of
combustion products such as NOX, SO2, and
CO2 are avoided.
(f) HFE-7200. Hydrofluroether (HFE-7200)
(C4F9OC2H5;
ethoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) is an acceptable substitute for
CFC-113 in non-mechanical heat transfer. HFE-7200 does not delete the
ozone layer since it does not contain chlorine or bromine. It has a 0.9
year atmospheric lifetime and a GWP of 100 over a 100-year time
horizon. The GWP and lifetime for this HFE are lower than the GWP and
lifetime for CFC-113.
B. Foam Blowing
1. Acceptable Substitutes
(a) HFC-245fa. HFC-245fa is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-11
and HCFC-141b in all foam end-uses. HFC-245fa contains no chlorine or
bromine; therefore, it has zero ODP. Its 100-year GWP is 1022. HFC-
245fa is non-flammable. EPA anticipates that HFC-245fa will be used in
such a manner so that any recommendations specified in the
manufacturers' Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are followed. The
Agency also expects that any exposures will not exceed any acceptable
exposure limits set by any voluntary consensus standards organization,
including the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) or the American
Industrial Hygiene Association's (AIHA) workplace environmental
exposure limits (WEELs).
(b) Exxsol Blowing Agents. Exxsol Blowing Agents are acceptable
substitutes for HCFC-141b in all foam end-uses. C3-C6 saturated light
hydrocarbons are already acceptable substitutes for CFC-11 and HCFC-
141b in several foam end-uses. Exxsol blowing agents are hydrocarbon
(pentane) blends that have no ozone depletion potential, low global
warming potentials, and are low in toxicity. However, these agents are
flammable and should be handled with proper precautions.
The flammability of hydrocarbon blowing agents, including Exxsol,
are of particular concern in spray foam applications where a controlled
factory environment is not possible. The manufacturer and supplier of
Exxsol blowing agents, Exxon, has performed several studies showing
that under normal circumstances flammable concentrations do not occur
in spray foam applications (Docket A-91-42, Category IX-B, Background
Documents for Notice 11). However, without adequate ventilation,
several situations could lead to explosion or fire. Examples include,
but are not limited to, equipment wells on roofs, roofs enclosed by
high parapet walls, and interior applications (especially where a
basement or other confined space is beneath the spray area). Therefore,
it is critical that application in enclosed areas be accompanied by
adequate forced ventilation, flammable vapor monitoring and the
elimination of all possible ignition sources.
The potential for explosion or fire highlights the need for safety
training. Exxon will sell Exxsol blowing agents only to systems
manufacturers who have contractually guaranteed to provide training on
safe storage, handling and application to their customers, contractors,
and applicators. Draft training materials have been provided to EPA and
are available through the Air Docket (Docket A-91-42, Category IX-B,
Background Documents for Notice 11). Exxon has also offered to work
with trade groups to develop additional training. While training can
not provide an absolute guarantee of safety, EPA believes that a
comprehensive training program, if implemented properly, can adequately
control risks associated with use of potentially flammable pentane-
blown spray foam systems.
Because manufacturers of other hydrocarbon blowing agents have not
ensured adequate training, today's listing does not extend to
hydrocarbons as a class. If other manufacturers are interested in
Exxon's approach, they should contact EPA.
C. Solvents Cleaning
1. Acceptable Substitutes
(a) HFE-7200. Hydrofluoroether (HFE-7200):
(C4F9OC2H5;
ethoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) is an acceptable substitute for
CFC-113 and methyl chloroform (MCF) in all solvents cleaning end-uses.
This chemical does not deplete the ozone layer since it does not
contain chlorine or bromine. It has a 0.9 year atmospheric lifetime and
a GWP of 100 over a 100-year time horizon. EPA anticipates that HFE-
7200 will be used in such a manner so that any recommendations
specified in the manufacturers' Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are
followed. The Agency also expects that any exposures will not exceed
any acceptable exposure limits set by any voluntary consensus standards
organization, including the American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) or the
American Industrial Hygiene Association's (AIHA) workplace
environmental exposure limits (WEELs).
D. Aerosols
1. Acceptable Substitutes
(a) HFE-7200. Hydrofluoroether (HFE-7200):
(C4F9OC2H5;
ethoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) is an acceptable substitute for
CFC-113 and methyl chloroform (MCF) as a solvent in aerosol products.
This chemical does not deplete the ozone layer since it does not
contain chlorine or bromine. It has a 0.9 year atmospheric lifetime and
a GWP of 100 over a 100-year time horizon. EPA
[[Page 68042]]
anticipates that HFE-7200 will be used in such a manner so that any
recommendations specified in the manufacturers' Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDSs) are followed. The Agency also expects that any exposures
will not exceed any acceptable exposure limits set by any voluntary
consensus standards organization, including the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists' (ACGIH) threshold limit values
(TLVs) or the American Industrial Hygiene Association's (AIHA)
workplace environmental exposure limits (WEELs).
III. Additional Information
Contact the Stratospheric Protection Hotline at (800) 296-1996,
Monday-Friday, between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. (EST). For
more information on the Agency's process for administering the SNAP
program or criteria for evaluation of substitutes, refer to the SNAP
final rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March 18, 1994
(59 FR 13044). Notices and rulemakings under the SNAP program, as well
as all EPA publications on protection of stratospheric ozone, are
available from EPA's Ozone Depletion World Wide Web site at ``http://
www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/snap/'' and from the Stratospheric Protection
Hotline whose number is listed above.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: November 24, 1999
Paul Stolpman,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs, Office of Air and Radiation.
APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF ACCEPTABLE DECISIONS
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End-use Substitute Decision Comments
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REFRIGERATION and AIR CONDITIONING SECTOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following CFC-12 THR-02.......................... Acceptable...................... EPA expects that
end-uses: manufacturers,
Industrial installers and
process refrigeration servicers of
and air-conditioning refrigeration and
Cold storage air-conditioning
warehouses systems will follow
Refrigerated all applicable
transport industry practices
Retail food and technical
refrigeration standards,
Ice machines including but not
Vending limited to
machines standards issued by
Water coolers the American
Centrifugal Society of Heating,
chillers Refrigeration and
Reciprocating Air-conditioning
chillers Engineers (ASHRAE),
Household and that exposures
refrigerators and will be kept within
freezers all applicable
American Industrial
Hygiene Association
(AIHA) and American
Conference of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH)
occupational
exposure limits.
The following HCFC-22 THR-03.......................... Acceptable...................... EPA expects that
end-uses: manufacturers,
Industrial installers and
process refrigeration servicers of
and air-conditioning refrigeration and
Cold storage air-conditioning
warehouses systems will follow
Rrefrigerated all applicable
transport industry practices
Retail food and technical
refrigeration standards,
Ice machines including but not
Centrifugal limited to
chillers standards issued by
Reciprocating the American
chillers Society of Heating,
Ice skating Refrigeration and
rinks Air-conditioning
Household Engineers (ASHRAE),
refrigerators and and that exposures
freezers will be kept within
Window-unit all applicable
residential air American Industrial
conditioners Hygiene Association
(AIHA) and American
Conference of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH)
occupational
exposure limits.
The following HCFC-22 ISCEON 59....................... Acceptable...................... EPA expects that
end-uses: manufacturers,
Household and installers and
light commercial air- servicers of
conditioning refrigeration and
Commercial air-conditioning
comfort air- systems will follow
conditioning all applicable
Industrial industry practices
process refrigeration and technical
and air-conditioning standards,
Cold storage including but not
warehouses limited to
Refrigerated standards issued by
transport the American
Retail food Society of Heating,
refrigeration Refrigeration and
Ice machines Air-conditioning
Vending Engineers (ASHRAE),
machines and that exposures
Water coolers will be kept within
Centrifugal all applicable
chillers American Industrial
Reciprocating Hygiene Association
chillers (AIHA) and American
Household and Conference of
other refrigerated Governmental
appliances Industrial
Ice skating Hygienists (ACGIH)
rinks occupational
Non- exposure limits.
mechanical heat
transfer
[[Page 68043]]
The following CFC-12 Ikon B................ Acceptable...................... EPA expects that
end-uses: manufacturers,
Industrial installers and
process refrigeration servicers of
and air-conditioning refrigeration and
Cold storage air-conditioning
warehouses systems will follow
Refrigerated all applicable
transport industry practices
Retail food and technical
refrigeration standards,
Ice machines including but not
Vending limited to
machines standards issued by
Water coolers the American
Centrifugal Society of Heating,
chillers Refrigeration and
Reciprocating Air-conditioning
chillers Engineers (ASHRAE),
Residential and that exposures
dehumidifiers will be kept within
all applicable
American Industrial
Hygiene Association
(AIHA) and American
Conference of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH)
occupational
exposure limits.
The following R-502 or Cryo-Mechanical Acceptable...................... The Cryogenic
CFC-12 end-uses: Cryogenic Transport transport system
Refrigerated Refrigeration System. may use liquified
transport nitrogen (N2) or
carbon dioxide
(CO2). EPA expects
that suppliers of
CO2 will not
generate new CO2
for this system,
but instead, use
the CO2 that is
commonly recovered,
purified, and
liquified from that
otherwise released
from existing
industrial
processes.
The following CFC-113 HFE-7200........................ Acceptable...................... EPA expects that
end-uses: manufacturers,
Non- installers and
mechanical heat servicers of
transfer refrigeration and
air-conditioning
systems will follow
all applicable
industry practices
and technical
standards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOAM BLOWING SECTOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following CFC-11 HFC-245fa....................... Acceptable...................... EPA's Office of
and HCFC-141b end- Pollution
uses: Prevention and
All foam end- Toxics has reviewed
uses the toxicity
profile for HFC-
245fa, and referred
it to a WEEL
committee for a
final exposure
limit.
The following HCFC- Exxsol Blowing Agents........... Acceptable...................... EPA expects that
141b end-uses: Exxon will work
All foam end- with its customers
uses to ensure that they
are aware of
potential risks
associated with
Exxsol and that
systems
manufacturers
provide adequate
training on safe
storage, handling
and application to
customers,
contractors, and
applicators. EPA
also expects that
Exxon will work
with trade groups
and continue to
develop training
materials as more
information becomes
available on the
risks of
hydrocarbons in
spray foam
applications.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOLVENTS CLEANING SECTOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following CFC-113 HFE-7200........................ Acceptable...................... The Agency expects
and methyl chloroform that any exposures
end-uses: will not exceed any
All solvents acceptable exposure
cleaning end-uses limits set by any
voluntary consensus
standards
organization,
including the
American Conference
of Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists' (ACGIH)
threshold limit
values (TLVs) or
the American
Industrial Hygiene
Association's
(AIHA) workplace
environmental
exposure limits
(WEELs).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AEROSOL SECTOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following CFC-113 HFE-7200........................ Acceptable...................... The Agency expects
and methyl chloroform that any exposures
end-uses: will not exceed any
As a solvent acceptable exposure
in aerosol products limits set by any
voluntary consensus
standards
organization,
including the
American Conference
of Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists' (ACGIH)
threshold limit
values (TLVs) or
the American
Industrial Hygiene
Association's
(AIHA) workplace
environmental
exposure limits
(WEELs).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[FR Doc. 99-31544 Filed 12-3-99; 8:45 am]
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