[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 206 (Tuesday, October 26, 1999)] [Notices] [Pages 57674-57676] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 99-27881] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-42029] Order Directing Options Exchanges To Submit an Inter-Market Linkage Plan Pursuant to Section 11A(a)(3)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 October 19, 1999. Notice is hereby given that pursuant to Section 11A(a)(3)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the ``Act'').\1\ the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'' or ``Commission'') orders the American Stock Exchange LLC (``AMEX''), the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc. (``CBOE''), the Pacific Exchange Inc. (``PCX''), and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. (``PHLX''), as well as requests the International Securities Exchange (``ISE'') \2\ (collectively, the ``Options Exchanges''), to act jointly in discussing, developing, and submitting for Commission approval an inter-market linkage plan for multiply- traded options (``Linkage Plan''). The Commission further directs the Options Exchanges to submit for Commission approval a Linkage Plan no later than 90 days after the issuance of this Order. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Section 11A(a)(3)(B) authorizes the Commission, in furtherance of its statutory directive, to facilitate the establishment of a national market system, by rule or order, ``to authorize or require self-regulatory organizations to act jointly with respect to matters as to which they share authority under [the Act] in planning, developing, operating or regulating a national market system (or a subsystem thereof) or one or more facilities thereof.'' \2\ The ISE has filed an application with the Commission to register as a national securities exchange. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 41439 (May 24, 1999) 64 FR 29367 (June 1, 1999). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Background In 1975, Congress directed the Commission to oversee the development of a national market system.\3\ At the time, the trading of standardized options was relatively new.\4\ As a result, the Commission deferred applying to the options markets many of the national market system initiatives that applied to the equity markets to give options trading an opportunity to develop. Nevertheless, since the establishment of the options exchanges, the Commission has repeatedly called for market integration facilities for the options markets.\5\ In 1980, the Commission ended a voluntary moratorium on expansion of the standardized options markets. The Commission deferred the general expansion of multiple trading to afford the options exchanges ``an opportunity to consider whether, and to what extent, the development of market integration facilities would minimie concerns regarding market fragmentation and maximize competitive opportunities in the options markets.'' \6\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \3\ Pub. L. 49-29 Stat. 97 (1975). \4\ The trading of standardized options on securities exchanges began in 1973, with the organization of CBOE as a national securities exchange. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 9985 (February 1, 1973) 1 S.E.C. Doc. 11 (February 13, 1973). Subsequently, the Commission approved options pilot programs at AMEX, PHLX, PCX, and the Midwest Stock Exchange (``MSE''). The New York Stock Exchange (``NYSE'') began trading options in 1985. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 11144 (December 19, 1974) 40 FR 3258 (January 20, 1975); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 11423 (May 15, 1975) 6 S.E.C. Doc. 894 (May 28, 1975); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 12283 (March 30, 1976) 41 FR 14454 (April 5, 1976); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 13045 (December 8, 1976) 41 FR 54783 (December 15, 1976); and Securities Exchange Act Release No. 21759 (February 14, 1985) 50 FR 7250 (February 21, 1985). The MSE's options program was merged into the CBOE's program in 1979. The NYSE sold its options business to CBOE in 1997. Currently, AMEX, CBOE, PCX, and PHLX are the only national exchanges that trade standardized options. \5\ See Report of the Special Study of the Options Markets to the Securities and Exchange Commission, 96th Cong., 1st Sess. (Comm. Print No. 96-IFC3, December 22, 1978) (examining the major issues of market structure in standardized options markets, including multiple trading); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 16701 (March 26, 1980) 45 FR 21426 (April 1, 1980) (deferring expansion of multiple trading to afford the options exchanges an opportunity to consider the development of market integration facilities); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 22026 (May 8, 1985) 50 FR 20310 (May 15, 1985) (urging options market participants to consider the development of market integration facilities); Directorate of Economic and Policy Analysis, ``The Effects of Multiple Trading on the Market for OTC Options'' (November 1986); Office of the Chief Economist, ``Potential Competition and Actual Competition in the Options Market'' (November 1986); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 26871 (May 26, 1989) 54 FR 24058 (June 5, 1989) (requesting comment on three measures, including an inter-market linkage). \6\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 16701 (March 26, 1980) 45 FR 21426 (April 1, 1980). In 1997, the Commission had requested that the options exchanges refrain from listing any options classes beyond those already listed as of July 15, 1997, because of concerns over the rapid growth in listed options trading and possible trading and sales practice abuses. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- In 1989, the Commission adopted Exchange Act Rule 19c-5, which generally prohibits any exchange from adopting rules limiting its ability to list any stock option class because that option class is listed on another exchange.\7\ In proposing Rule 19c-5, the Commission acknowledged that market [[Page 57675]] integration facilities were unlikely to be built voluntarily if they were a prerequisite to multiple trading.\8\ In 1990, then Chairman Breeden requested that the options exchanges develop an inter-market linkage plan.\9\ The exchanges submitted proposals for the development of a linkage. However, unlike the equity markets,\10\ the options exchanges never adopted an inter-market linkage plan.\11\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \7\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 26870 (May 26, 1989) 54 FR 23963 (June 5, 1989). \8\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 24613 (June 18, 1987) 52 FR 23849 (June 25, 1987). \9\ See Letter from Chairman Breeden to the Registered Options Exchanges dated January 9, 1990. \10\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 14661 (April 14, 1978) (issuing a provisional order authorizing ITS). \11\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 30187 (January 14, 1992) 57 FR 2612 (January 22, 1992) (soliciting comments on an inter-market linkage plan submitted by four out of five options exchanges). The exchanges never came to an agreement on an acceptable proposal and the Commission never approved it. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Recent increases in the multiple listing of options previously listed on a single exchange have heightened the need for an inter- market linkage. The registered options exchanges have been given ample opportunity to create a linkage but have not done so in the absence of a Commission directive. Ultimately, the Commission has concluded that the options markets have developed sufficiently to make market integration not only possible but also critical to promoting vigorous competition among the option exchanges. Therefore, the Commission is now directing the Options Exchanges to develop an acceptable Linkage Plan to be submitted to the Commission for its consideration. II. Discussion Section 11A(a)(2) of the Act \12\ directs the Commission, having due regard for the public interest, the protection of investors, and the maintenance of fair and orderly markets, to use its authority under the Act to facilitate the establishment of a national market system for securities. In exercising its authority to facilitate the establishment of a national market system, the Commission must protect the public interest in maintaining fair and orderly markets in the face of new technology and other significant market developments.\13\ As part of this authority, Congress gave the Commission the ability to authorize or require by order the self-regulatory organizations ``to act jointly * * * in planning * * * operating, or regulating a national market system.'' \14\ This authority is intended, among other things, to enable the Commission to require joint activity that otherwise might be asserted to have a negative impact on competition, where the activity serves the public interest and the interests of investors. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \12\ 15 U.S.C. 78K-1(a)(2). \13\ See generally, Section 11A(a)(1)(B) of the Act, 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(1)(B), and Section 11A(a)(1)(C) of the Act, 15 U.S.C. 78k- 1(a)(1)(C). \14\ Section 11A(a)(3)(B) of the Act, U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(3)(B). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Commission believes that establishing a linkage among options markets will benefit investors by increasing competition among markets (and market participants) to provide the best execution of customer orders. The Commission considers ensuring competition among options market and the best execution of customer options orders to be in the public interest and for the benefit of investors. The Commission further believes that an inter-market linkage is essential to achieving these goals. In the absence of a linkage, which includes a prohibition against trade-throughs, the likelihood of inter-market trade-throughs increases. As a result, there is a risk that investors will not receive the best price available. This concern is heightened given the recent increase in multiple listing of the most active options. The Commission finds that the public interest in maintaining fair and orderly markets is furthered by requiring the Options Exchanges to work jointly in discussing, developing, and implementing a Linkage Plan. Accordingly, the Commission has determined to order the Options Exchanges to cooperate with each other and to conduct joint discussions and to take such joint action as is necessary to develop and implement a single Linkage Plan to permit the efficient transmission of orders among the various Options Exchanges on a nondiscriminatory basis. The Commission believes that a linkage of all the Options Exchanges that permits orders to be transmitted between Options Exchanges on a nondiscriminatory basis is necessary to increase the opportunities for brokers to secure the best execution of their customers' orders, to ensure effective competition among the Options Exchanges, and to further facilitate the establishment of a national market system as directed by Congress in Section 11A of the Act.\15\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \15\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Commission further believes that it is in the best interest of the Options Exchanges to develop and implement a Linkage Plan, which can be integrated with the Options Exchanges' existing technology at the lowest possible cost, that is acceptable to all of the Options Exchanges. As a result, the Commission is not mandating the details of a linkage at this time. At the same time, however, the Commission believes that to operate effectively any Linkage Plan submitted by the Options Exchanges for approval by the Commission must contain the following elements:Uniform Trade-Through Rules Uniform trade-through rules are a necessary part of a national market system. Trade-through rules should generally prohibit a trade from being executed on one options market in a multiply-listed option at a price inferior to the price quoted on another options market. The absence of clear trade-through rules removes one incentive that firms would otherwise have to seek out better prices at away markets. In addition, as part of the implementation of uniform trade-through rules, the Options Exchanges should submit to the Commission proposed rule changes repealing existing trade-or-fade rules that become unnecessary with the adoption of trade-through rules.\16\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \16\ See AMEX Rule 958A, Commentary .01; CBOE Rule 8.51(b); PCX Rule 6.37(d); PHLX Rule 1015(b); and proposed ISE Rule 804(d)(2). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Expansion of Public Customer Definition The Commission believes that the firm quote requirement of the four currently-registered options exchanges \17\ should be expanded to include agency orders presented by competing exchanges.\18\ Therefore, an agency order received by one exchange that is routed to another exchange displaying the best bid or offer would receive the same protection as customer orders that originate on the exchange showing the best bid or offer. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \17\ See AMEX Rule 958A; CBOE Rule 8.51(a); PCX Rule 6.86(a); and PHLX Rule 1015(a). This change should be reflected in ISE's rules when approved by the Commission. \18\ Accordingly, the Options Exchanges should submit to the Commission proposed rule changes to expand the public customer definition together with any Linkage Plan. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Although the Commission is not mandating that the Options Exchanges include a uniform firm quote rule requirement as part of the Linkage Plan, the Commission anticipates that the Options Exchanges will address this issue in the proposal they submit to the Commission for approval. The Commission also anticipates that the options Exchanges will address the issue of fees charged by exchanges that receive orders through the proposed linkage. It is hereby ordered, pursuant to Section 11A(a)(3)(B) of the Act,\19\ that the AMEX, CBOE, PCX, and PHLX act jointly with ISE in discussing, [[Page 57676]] developing, and submitting for Commission approval a Linkage Plan no later than 90 days after the issuance of this Order.\20\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \19\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(3)(B). \20\ Although Commission staff may be consulted in discussing the proposed Linkage Plan, staff presence at joint discussions is not required by this Order. In issuing this Order, the Commission does not address: (a) any joint or other conduct that occurred prior to the issuance of this Order, and (b) any joint or other conduct occurring after the date of this Order which is not ordered or requested by this Order. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This Order will be effective until such time as the options exchanges submit a Linkage Plan to the Commission for approval. By the Commission. Jonathan G. Katz, Secretary. [FR Doc. 99-27881 Filed 10-25-99; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 8010-01-M