[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 166 (Friday, August 27, 1999)]
[Notices]
[Pages 46936-46949]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-22260]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

National Park Service


Notice of Inventory Completion for Native American Human Remains 
and Associated Funerary Objects in the Possession of Mesa Verde 
National Park, Mesa Verde, CO

AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.

ACTION: Notice

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    Notice is hereby given in accordance with provisions of the Native 
American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 43 CFR 10.9, 
of the completion of an inventory of human remains and associated 
funerary objects in the possession of the National Park Service, Mesa 
Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO.
    A detailed assessment of the human remains and associated funerary 
objects was made by National Park Service professional staff in 
consultation with representatives of the Hopi Tribe of Arizona; Pueblo 
of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, 
New Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico; Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Nambe, New Mexico; Pueblo of Picuris, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Pojoaque, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
San Juan, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Santo Domingo, New Mexico; Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Tesuque, New Mexico; Pueblo of Zia, New Mexico; Navajo Nation of 
Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah; Southern Ute Indian Tribe of the 
Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado; Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute 
Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah; and Zuni Tribe of 
the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico. The Pueblo of San Felipe, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Sandia, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico; and 
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas were unable to attend the Native 
American consultation meetings, but they requested and received the 
minutes of these proceedings.
    In 1950, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at Site 16 (5MV16), a site within park boundaries. No known individuals 
were identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (post and adobe village with kiva, 
single coursed masonry pueblo with kiva, double coursed masonry pueblo 
with three towers and one kiva), dendrochronology, archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and artifact (ceramic, 
bone, and lithic) analysis, this site (5MV16) and these human remains 
are dated to Basketmaker III-Pueblo II (A.D. 500-1100).
    Between 1947 and 1948, human remains representing 23 individuals 
were recovered during a legally authorized excavation conducted by Gila 
Pueblo Survey archeologist Deric O'Bryan at Soda Canyon Pueblo (5MV34), 
a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. 
The 32 associated funerary objects include 10 bowls and bowl fragments, 
seven mugs, five jars, two cylinders, one canteen, one scraper, one 
pitcher, one point, one geologic specimen, one abrader, one awl, and 
one ladle. Two mugs are missing from the original catalogued entry for 
this site. These two associated funerary objects have not been included 
in the total count.
    Based on architectural features (45 rooms, 5 kivas, and a tower), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and artifact (bone, lithic, ceramic, and organics) 
analysis, this site (5MV34), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1942, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service salvage excavation 
project conducted at One Clan House (5MV51), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (burned stone), archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, 
this site (5MV51) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo I-Pueblo 
II (A.D. 700-1100).
    In 1965, human remains representing six individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist Cal Jennings at Big Pit Structure (5MV60), a site 
within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (a circular pit structure), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV60) and these human 
remains are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1952, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV80, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The 112 associated funerary objects are all sherds.
    Based on architectural features (midden, burned stone, and a rubble 
mound), archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and 
ceramic analysis, this site (5MV80), these human remains, and the 
associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 
900-1300).
    In 1950, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at Twin Trees Village (5MV106), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The 80 associated funerary objects include 
one faunal bone, one jar, three ladle bowls, and 75 sherds.
    Based on architectural features (a pithouse), dendrochronology, 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV106), these human remains, and the associated

[[Page 46937]]

funerary objects are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1947, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by Gila Pueblo Survey 
archeologist Deric O'Bryan at Deric's Pithouse (5MV145), a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The three 
associated funerary objects include one shell bead, one pestle, and one 
stone artifact.
    Based on architectural features (2 pithouses), dendrochronology, 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV145), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1952, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at Gila Pueblo 43 (5MV200), a site within park boundaries. No 
known individuals were identified. The 392 associated funerary objects 
include four bone awls and awl fragments, one basket, five blades and 
blade fragments, one core, one drill, one effigy vessel, 26 flakes, 37 
geologic specimens (azurite, hematite, limonite, and malachite), one 
gizzard stone, one jar, one mano, four unfinished pendants, one 
pitcher, two points, 300 sherds, one battered stone artifact, four 
ground stone artifacts, and one polished stone artifact. One wood 
artifact, one mineral specimen, and one squash seed are missing from 
the original catalogued entry for this site. These three associated 
funerary objects have not been included in the total count.
    Based on architectural features (a kiva depression, midden, and 
rubble mound), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV200), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo III 
(A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1952, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation 
conducted at 5MV201, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The 260 associated funerary objects 
include one bowl fragment, one geologic specimen (sandstone), one ladle 
bowl, one miniature pitcher, and 256 sherds. One point is missing from 
the original catalogued entry for this site. This associated funerary 
object has not been included in the total count.
    Based on architectural features (a kiva depression, rubble mound, 
and midden), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV201), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-
Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1953, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV299, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The two associated funerary objects include one jar 
fragment and one ladle bowl.
    Based on architectural features (20-30 rooms, a tower, 2 kiva 
depressions, and a midden), archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV299), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1953, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service salvage excavation 
project conducted at Tent Area Salvage (5MV364), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The two associated 
funerary objects are bowls.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound and midden), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV364), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1953, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV475, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound), archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, 
this site (5MV475) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 
900-1100).
    In 1953, human remains representing 44 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist Robert Lister at Lister Site No.2 (5MV499), a 
site within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The 
17 associated funerary objects include one bone awl, eight bowls and 
bowl fragments, three faunal bones, two jars, one mano, one mug, and 
one pitcher.
    Based on architectural features (Pueblo II component: 5 rooms and a 
kiva; Pueblo III component: 15-18 rooms, 2 kivas, a tower, and a 
milling room), dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and artifact (ceramic, lithic, and bone) 
analysis, this site (5MV499), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1954, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service salvage excavation 
project conducted at Burial Cave (5MV503), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The 40 associated 
funerary objects include 38 corn-cobs, one rush matting fragment, and 
one wood artifact. Human remains representing one individual are 
missing from the original catalogued entry for this site. These human 
remains have not been included in the total count.
    Based on artifact (sandal and ceramic) analysis, archeological 
context, and a physical anthropology examination, this site (5MV503), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1958, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV509, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (7 rooms, a kiva, 3 storage rooms, 
2 retaining walls, an axe polishing groove, and a petroglyph), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV509) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1942 and 1977, human remains representing seven individuals were 
recovered during multiple legally authorized National Park Service 
excavations conducted at Oak Tree House (5MV523), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The six individuals 
recovered in 1977 had no associated funerary objects. The one 
individual recovered in 1942 had eight associated funerary objects 
consisting of seven pieces of sinew and one calcium carbonate sample 
(35 grams).
    Based on architectural features (55 rooms, 6 kivas, and 8 storage 
rooms), dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV523), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    Prior to 1921, human remains representing two individuals were 
recovered during legally authorized collection and excavation projects 
conducted by Smithsonian Institution archeologist Jesse Walter Fewkes 
at

[[Page 46938]]

Mummy House (5MV524), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The three associated funerary objects 
include one ladle, one splint matting fragment, and one feather and fur 
textile fragment.
    Based on architectural features (12 rooms, 2 kivas, a storage room, 
2 grinding bins, 12 hearths, and a retaining wall), dendrochronology, 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV524), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1977, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during an unauthorized field collection conducted by a park visitor at 
Tree House (5MV528), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (4 rooms, a storage room, retaining 
wall, and 4 fire pits), archeological context, and a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (5MV528) and these human remains 
are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1932, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during an unauthorized field collection conducted by park visitors at 
Alcove House (5MV529), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The seven associated funerary objects 
include one bowl, four faunal bones, one mug, and one sherd.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound, midden, 2 kivas, 
12-14 rooms, walls, toe holds, and pictographs), archeological context, 
a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site 
(5MV529), these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are 
dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV536, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The three associated funerary objects include one drill and 
two sherds.
    Based on architectural features (4 rooms), archeological context, a 
physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site 
(5MV536), these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are 
dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    Between 1909 and 1990 (before November 16, 1990), human remains 
representing five individuals were recovered during legally authorized 
National Park Service excavations, field collections, and site 
stabilization projects conducted at Cliff Palace (5MV625), a site 
within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (217 rooms, 23 kivas, 14 storage 
rooms, 2 towers, and 4 terrace levels), dendrochronology, archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, 
this site (5MV625) and the human remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 
1100-1300).
    Between 1915 and 1986, human remains representing eleven 
individuals were recovered during legally authorized excavation and 
field collection projects conducted at Spruce Tree House (5MV640), a 
site within park boundaries. From 1915 to 1922, human remains 
representing one individual were recovered during field collection 
activities undertaken by Smithsonian Institution archeologist Jesse 
Walter Fewkes. In 1924, 1962, and 1986, National Park Service 
excavation and field collection projects recovered human remains 
representing a total of 10 individuals. No known individuals were 
identified. The individual recovered between 1915 and 1922 had no 
associated funerary objects. The human remains recovered between 1924 
and 1986 had nine associated funerary objects consisting of four faunal 
bones and five pieces of reed matting.
    Based on architectural features (114 rooms and 8 kivas), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV640), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo III 
(A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1942, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service stabilization project 
conducted at Square Tower House (5MV650), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (80 rooms and 7 kivas), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (5MV650) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1934, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV656, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The three associated funerary objects 
include pieces of willow matting.
    Based on architectural features (a room), archeological context, a 
physical anthropology examination, and analysis of the willow matting, 
this site (5MV656), these human remains, and the associated funerary 
objects are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1986, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service site stabilization 
project conducted at 5MV693, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (12 rooms and a square kiva), 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (5MV693) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 
1100-1300).
    In 1956, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV744, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The 33 associated funerary objects include 32 sherds and 
one pecked and ground stone artifact.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound), archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, 
this site (5MV744), these human remains, and the associated funerary 
objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1934 and 1976, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered during legally authorized excavation and site stabilization 
projects conducted at Far View House (5MV808), a site within park 
boundaries. In 1934, human remains representing two individuals were 
recovered during National Park Service site stabilization and 
excavation projects. In 1976, human remains representing one individual 
were recovered during an excavation undertaken by University of 
Colorado archeologist David Breternitz. No known individuals were 
identified. The individual recovered in 1976 had no associated funerary 
objects. The two individuals recovered in 1934 had one associated 
funerary object consisting of a bone artifact.
    Based on architectural features (40 rooms, 5 kivas, and a 
courtyard), dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV808), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary object are dated to 
Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1926, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized National Park

[[Page 46939]]

Service excavation conducted at Far View Tower (5MV810), a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The two 
associated funerary objects include one point and one worked sherd.
    Based on architectural features (16 rooms, 3 kivas, and a tower), 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (5MV810), these human remains, and the associated funerary objects 
are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    Between 1968 and 1977, human remains representing 147 individuals 
were recovered during legally authorized excavation and field 
collection projects conducted at Coyote Village (5MV820), a site within 
park boundaries. In 1968 and 1969, human remains representing 143 
individuals were recovered during excavations undertaken by University 
of Colorado archeologist David Breternitz. During field collection 
activities, the National Park Service recovered human remains 
representing three individuals in 1974 and one individual in 1977. No 
known individuals were identified. The individual recovered in 1977 had 
no associated funerary objects. The three individuals recovered in 1974 
had 82 associated funerary objects, which included two bone awls, one 
axe, three bowls and bowl fragments, 27 clay objects, one concretion, 
two cores, 12 faunal bones, 11 flakes, two geologic specimens 
(hematite), one mug fragment, three sherds, 11 slabs, one chipped and 
ground stone artifact, four ground stone artifacts, and one worked 
sherd. The 143 individuals recovered in 1968 and 1969 had 469 
associated funerary objects, which included six bone awls, one axe, 36 
beads, one blade fragment, one bone artifact, 17 bowls and bowl 
fragments, three cores, 63 faunal bones, 18 flakes, two geologic 
specimens (porphyry), two hammerstones, three jars, five ladles, one 
mano, one miniature bowl, five mugs, two necklaces, four pitchers, two 
points, one scraper, 290 sherds, three slabs and slab fragments, and 
two ground stone artifacts. One mano is missing from the original 
catalogued entry for this site. This associated funerary object has not 
been included in the total count.
    Based on architectural features (30-40 rooms, 5 kivas, and a 
tower), dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV820), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1950, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service salvage excavation 
project conducted at Gila Pueblo 50 (5MV828), a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The 265 
associated funerary objects include 260 sherds, one bowl, three 
geologic specimens, and one pitcher.
    Based on architectural features (10-15 rooms, 2 kivas, and a 
midden), archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, 
and artifact analysis, this site (5MV828), these human remains, and the 
associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100)
    Prior to 1921, human remains representing two individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized field collection project 
conducted by Smithsonian Institution archeologist Jesse Walter Fewkes 
at Mummy Lake (5MV833), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (a lined circular depression and 
ditches), archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, 
and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV833) and these human remains are 
dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1954, human remains representing 22 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologists Breternitz and Lister at 5MV866, a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were recovered. The 12 associated 
funerary objects include two bowls, one effigy vessel, six faunal 
bones, one ladle, one ladle fragment, and one olla fragment.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound, kiva depression, 
midden, and 4 rooms), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, dendrochronology, and artifact (ceramic, lithic, and bone) 
analysis, this site (5MV866), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1955 and 1956, human remains representing 17 individuals were 
recovered during legally authorized excavations conducted by University 
of Colorado archeologist Robert Lister at Lister Site No.1 (5MV875), a 
site within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The 
31 associated funerary objects include 10 bowls and bowl fragments, 
five faunal bones, five jars and jar fragments, one ladle bowl 
fragment, three ladles, six pitchers, and one worked sherd.
    Based on architectural features (17 rooms, 3 kivas, and a midden), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic and lithic analysis, this site (5MV875), these 
human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo 
II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1933, an Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) road crew recovered 
human remains representing three individuals during a legally 
authorized salvage excavation project conducted at 5MV947, a site 
within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The eight 
associated funerary objects include one axe and seven faunal bones.
    Based on architectural features (13 terraces), archeological 
context, and a physical anthropology examination, this site (5MV947), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are identified 
as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1958, human remains representing six individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV1025, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The 24 associated funerary objects include one bone awl, 
one faunal bone, one jar, one ladle bowl, one pitcher, one pitcher 
fragment, and 18 sherds.
    Based on architectural features (walls, a rubble mound, and 
midden), archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, 
and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1025), these human remains, and the 
associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1965 and 1966, human remains representing 44 individuals were 
recovered during legally authorized excavations conducted by University 
of Colorado archeologists Breternitz and Lister at Morefield Great Kiva 
(5MV1067), a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The 187 associated funerary objects include three bone 
awls, one bone artifact, five bowl fragments, two cores, two ladle 
fragments, one doughnut jar, 45 faunal bones, 17 flakes, 12 jars and 
jar fragments, one miniature jar, 20 olla fragments, one pendant, one 
pitcher, 72 sherds, and four worked sherds.
    Based on architectural features (a kiva), dendrochronology, 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV1067), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1942 and 1965, human remains representing 18 individuals were 
recovered during legally authorized excavations conducted at Gila 
Pueblo 81 (5MV1088), a site within park

[[Page 46940]]

boundaries. In 1942, the National Park Service recovered one individual 
during a salvage excavation project. In 1965, the University of 
Colorado recovered 17 individuals during an excavation. No known 
individuals were identified. The one individual recovered in 1942 had 
six associated funerary objects consisting of one bowl, one faunal 
bone, two jars, one needle, and one scraper. The 17 individuals 
recovered in 1965 had six associated funerary objects consisting of 
three bowls and bowl fragments, one ladle, one miniature jar, and one 
miniature bowl. Human remains representing one individual are missing 
from the original catalogued entry for this site. These human remains 
have not been included in the total count.
    Based on architectural features (10 or more rooms and a midden), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and 
artifact (ceramic, lithic, and bone) analysis, this site (5MV1088), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1965 and 1966, human remains representing 33 individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized excavation conducted by 
University of Colorado archeologists Lister and Breternitz at 5MV1104, 
a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. 
The 121 associated funerary objects include 107 sherds, 10 faunal 
bones, one core, one flake, one jar, and one chipped and battered stone 
artifact.
    Based on architectural features (12 rooms, a kiva, midden, and a 
possible tower), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic and lithic analysis, this site (5MV1104), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1958, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1149, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (10-20 rooms and walls), 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (5MV1149) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo 
III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1958, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1191, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (outlines of 2-3 rooms), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV1191) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    Between 1937 and 1989, human remains representing 211 individuals 
were recovered during multiple episodes from Long House (5MV1200), a 
site within park boundaries. In 1937, a park visitor recovered human 
remains representing two individuals during an unauthorized excavation. 
From 1958 to 1962, human remains representing 208 individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation. 
In 1989, human remains representing one individual were located in the 
collection by park curatorial staff. No known individuals were 
identified. The two individuals recovered in 1937 and the one 
individual found in 1989 had no associated funerary objects. The 208 
individuals recovered from 1958 to 1962 had 539 associated funerary 
objects consisting of four bone awls, two axes, one bead, one bone 
artifact, 277 botanical specimens (juniper and yucca), 10 bowls and 
bowl fragments, one concretion, one cone, one feather/yucca cordage 
fragment, two cores, five corn cobs, three corn kernels, three 
cylinders, one disk fragment, 93 faunal specimens (bone, hide, claw, 
and eggshell), 13 flakes, three geologic specimens (barite, quartz, and 
shale), five gizzard stones, seven hammerstones, six jars and jar 
fragments, one ladle cup, one ladle, two manos, one miniature ladle, 12 
mugs and mug fragments, four pendants, three points, 72 sherds, one 
drilled stone artifact, one pecked and grooved stone artifact, one wood 
artifact, and one worked sherd. Human remains representing two 
individuals and three cores are missing from the original catalogued 
entry for this site. These human remains and associated funerary 
objects have not been included in the total counts.
    Based on architectural features (Basketmaker III component: a 
pithouse; Pueblo III component: 150 rooms, 21 kivas, and a plaza), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and artifact (ceramic, lithic, bone, antler, and organics) 
analysis, this site (5MV1200), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700) and Pueblo 
III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1958, human remains representing 36 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1205, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The 12 associated funerary objects include 
two bowls, three faunal bones, one flake, and six sherds.
    Based on architectural features (cave with smoke blackened walls 
and roof, retaining wall, a room, 2 storage pits, 4 firepits, and six 
feet of fill), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination and artifact (ceramic, lithic, and bone) analysis, this 
site (5MV1205), these human remains, and the associated funerary 
objects are dated to Basketmaker III-Pueblo III (A.D. 500-1300).
    In 1958, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at Burnt House (5MV1207), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (15-20 rooms), dendrochronology, 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV1207) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1221, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (35 rooms, a midden, kiva, and 
storage room), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1221) and these human 
remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    Between 1935 and 1963, human remains representing 16 individuals 
were recovered during legally authorized National Park Service field 
collection, excavation, and site stabilization projects conducted at 
Adobe Cave (5MV1228), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The one individual recovered in 1958 had 
no associated funerary objects. The five individuals recovered in 1935 
had 12 associated funerary objects consisting of seven matting splints, 
two mugs, two textile fragments, and one wood artifact. The 10 
individuals recovered in 1963 had 16 associated funerary objects 
consisting of four botanical specimens (pinon nut), one concretion, 
three faunal specimens

[[Page 46941]]

(bone, shell), one geologic specimen, one gizzard stone, one jar, one 
mug, and four wood artifacts.
    Based on architectural features (3 rooms and 2 kivas), 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (5MV1228), these human remains, and the associated funerary 
objects are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    Between 1960-1961, human remains representing 138 individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation 
conducted at Mug House (5MV1229), a site within park boundaries. No 
known individuals were identified. The 153 associated funerary objects 
include seven bone awls, two axes, two bone beads, one bone artifact, 
eight bowls and bowl fragments, two cylinders, 11 faunal bones, one 
flake, eleven geologic specimens, one hammerstone, four jars, one mano, 
36 matting splints, two miniature bowls, three mugs, one bone needle 
fragment, five points, three polishing stones, two scrapers, 48 sherds, 
and two ground stone artifacts. One faunal bone is missing from the 
original catalogued entry for this site. This associated funerary 
object has not been included in the total count.
    Based on architectural features (91 rooms, 3 towers, and 8 kivas), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and artifact (organics, ceramic, lithic, and bone) 
analysis, this site (5MV1229), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1963, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV1230, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The 38 associated funerary objects include two bone awls, 
one bowl, 10 faunal bones, one jar, and 24 sherds.
    Based on architectural features (a kiva depression, rubble mound, 
walls, and terraces), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1230), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo III 
(A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at Nordenskiold's Ruin No.16 (5MV1241), a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (50 rooms, 5 kivas, a tower, and 
walls), dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1241) and 
these human remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300)
    In 1962, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV1249, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The five associated funerary objects include one bone awl, 
two bowl fragments, and two sherds.
    Based on architectural features (9 rooms, 2 kivas, a petroglyph, 
and a pictograph), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1249), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo III 
(A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1963, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV1253, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (a tower, room, and kiva), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1253) and these human 
remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1274, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (walls), archeological context, a 
physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site 
(5MV1274) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-
1300).
    Between 1935 and 1962, human remains representing 37 individuals 
were recovered during multiple legally authorized National Park Service 
excavations conducted at Step House (5MV1285), a site within park 
boundaries. In 1935, human remains representing one individual were 
recovered. In 1962, human remains representing 36 individuals were 
recovered. No known individuals were identified. The one individual 
recovered in 1935 had no associated funerary objects. The 36 
individuals recovered in 1962 had 64 associated funerary objects 
consisting of one botanical specimen (wood), 15 sherds, one stone slab, 
46 squash rind fragments, and one yucca textile fragment.
    Based on architectural features (4 pithouses, 14 rooms, 
petroglyphs, kivas, and steps), dendrochronology, archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and artifact (ceramic, 
lithic, bone, and organics) analysis, this site (5MV1285), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Basketmaker 
III-Pueblo III (A.D. 500-1300).
    In 1963, human remains representing 10 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV1291, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The six associated funerary objects include one bowl, one 
faunal bone, two pitchers, and two sherds.
    Based on architectural features (7 cysts, 3 firepits, a pithouse, 
tower, 3 rooms, and a midden), archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1291), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Basketmaker III-Pueblo III (A.D. 500-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1301, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (2 rooms), archeological context, a 
physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site 
(5MV1301) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-
1300).
    In 1928, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at Nordenskiold's Ruin No.12 (5MV1321), a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (26 rooms and 5 kivas), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1321) and these human 
remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at Nordenskiold's Ruin No.11-1/2

[[Page 46942]]

(5MV1322), a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (2 kivas, 8 rooms, and a midden), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV1322) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing five individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1370, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (3-5 rooms, a kiva, and midden), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV1370) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at Double House (5MV1385), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (70-75 rooms, 5 kivas, a midden, 
steps, and axe grooves), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1385) and these human 
remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1447, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (a room), archeological context, a 
physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site 
(5MV1447) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-
1100).
    In 1935, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service site stabilization 
project conducted at Nordenskiold's Ruin No.20-1/2 (5MV1449), a site 
within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (48 rooms, 3 kivas, and a tower), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1449) and these human 
remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    Between 1961 and 1986, human remains representing 159 individuals 
were recovered during legally authorized National Park Service 
excavation and rock shelter construction projects conducted at Badger 
House (5MV1452), a site within park boundaries. In 1961 and 1962, human 
remains representing 157 individuals were recovered. In 1986, human 
remains representing two individuals were recovered. No known 
individuals were identified. The two individuals recovered in 1986 had 
no associated funerary objects. The 157 individuals recovered between 
1961 and 1962 had 576 associated funerary objects consisting of five 
bone awls, five beads, 17 bowl and bowl fragments, 16 cores, 10 corn 
cobs, one cylinder, one effigy pitcher, 16 faunal bones, 57 flakes, two 
geologic specimens (azurite, quartz), eight gizzard stones, three 
hammerstones, 18 jars and jar fragments, one ladle cup, two ladles, 
four manos and mano fragments, one miniature pitcher, one bone needle, 
seven pendants and pendant fragments, seven pitchers, two points, one 
scraper, 383 sherds, five stone artifacts, and three worked sherds. 
Human remains representing one individual and one shell fragment are 
missing from the original catalogued entry for this site. These human 
remains and the associated funerary object have not been included in 
the total counts.
    Based on architectural features (a pithouse, kiva, tower, midden, 
and 15-20 rooms), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and artifact (ceramic, lithic, and bone) analysis, this 
site (5MV1452), these human remains, and the associated funerary 
objects are dated to Pueblo I-Pueblo II (A.D. 700-1100).
    In 1959, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at Lancaster House (5MV1500), a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (30 rooms, 2 kivas, a tower, and 
midden), archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, 
and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1500) and these human remains are 
dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1960, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1554, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The one associated funerary object is a 
concretion.
    Based on architectural features (one storage room and one rubble 
mound), dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1554), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary object are dated to 
Basketmaker III-Pueblo I (A.D. 500-900).
    In 1963, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1575, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The 30 associated funerary objects are all 
sherds.
    Based on architectural features (11 terraces), archeological 
context, and a physical anthropology examination, this site (5MV1575), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are identified 
as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1958, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1594, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (3 rooms), archeological context, a 
physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site 
(5MV1594) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-
1100).
    In 1962, human remains representing 113 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at Big Juniper House (5MV1595), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The 167 associated funerary objects 
include two beads, six bowls and bowl fragments, one concretion, two 
cores, 20 faunal specimens, 34 flakes, one gizzard stone, three jars 
and jar fragments, one ladle bowl fragment, two ladles and ladle 
fragments, one mano, one yucca matting, one olla, two pendants, three 
pitchers, 80 sherds, and seven worked sherds. Two sherds and one faunal 
bone are missing from the original catalogued entry for this site. 
These three associated funerary objects have not been included in the 
total count.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound, 25-30 rooms, 3 
kivas, a depression, and midden), dendrochronology, archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and artifact (ceramic,

[[Page 46943]]

lithic, bone, and textile) analysis, this site (5MV1595), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-
Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1962, human remains representing 58 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at Two Raven House (5MV1645), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The 254 associated funerary objects 
include one bone awl, four beads and bead fragments, four bowls and 
bowl fragments, three cores, five faunal bones, 24 flakes, one 
hammerstone, six jar fragments, two ladles, one miniature ladle handle 
fragment, two miniature jar fragments, one pitcher, 197 sherds, and 
three worked sherds.
    Based on architectural features (12 rooms, 2 pithouses, 45 
postholes, a kiva, and a midden), dendrochronology, archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and artifact (ceramic, 
lithic, and bone) analysis, this site (5MV1645), these human remains, 
and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-
1100).
    In 1963, human remains representing 30 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at Dog House (5MV1676), a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. The 29 associated funerary objects include 
eight bone awls, one bead, two bowls, one hammerstone, four jars, one 
ladle cup, one ladle fragment, two metates, one bone needle, four 
pitchers and pitcher fragments, two points, one sherd, and one pecked 
stone artifact.
    Based on architectural features (7 pithouses, 50 rooms, a great 
kiva, midden, a proto kiva, and scattered refuse), dendrochronology, 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
and lithic analysis, this site (5MV1676), these human remains, and the 
associated funerary objects are dated to Basketmaker III-Pueblo II 
(A.D. 500-1100).
    In 1962, human remains representing four individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation conducted 
at 5MV1801, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The eight associated funerary objects include two 
concretions and six sherds.
    Based on architectural features (8-10 rooms, a kiva, and midden), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV1801), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1958, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service field collection 
project conducted at 5MV1883, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (3 rooms), archeological context, 
and a physical anthropology examination, this site (5MV1883) and these 
human remains are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1964, human remains representing eight individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized National Park Service excavation 
conducted at 5MV1914, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound, kiva, retaining 
walls, and 16 rooms), archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1914) and these human 
remains are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1966, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized excavation conducted by 
University of Colorado archeologist David Breternitz at 5MV1927, a site 
within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The five 
associated funerary objects include one corn-cob and four sherds.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound, 4 kiva 
depressions, a midden, and approximately 40 rooms), archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, 
this site (5MV1927), these human remains, and the associated funerary 
objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1966, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist David Breternitz at 5MV1928, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound, 5 kiva 
depressions, 75-100 rooms, and a midden), archeological context, a 
physical anthropology examination, and artifact (lithic, bone, and 
ceramic) analysis, this site (5MV1928) and these human remains are 
dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1966, human remains representing 32 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist David Breternitz at 5MV1929, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The 67 associated 
funerary objects include one bone awl, three bone artifacts, 62 faunal 
bones, and one sherd.
    Based on architectural features (20 rooms, a rubble mound, 1-2 kiva 
depressions, and a midden), archeological context, and a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (5MV1929), these human remains, and 
the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1966, human remains representing 20 individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist David Breternitz at 5MV1930, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The 241 associated 
funerary objects include one axe fragment, eight baskets (burned), one 
botanical specimen (reed), one core, 20 faunal bones, six hammerstones, 
one jar, eight manos, two palette and palette fragments, 187 sherds, 
five ground stone artifacts, and one battered and ground stone 
artifact.
    Based on architectural features (a great kiva and room block), 
dendrochronology, archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV1930), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo I 
(A.D. 700-900).
    In 1967, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologists Hallisy and Frost at 5MV1934, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound, 8-10 rooms, a kiva 
depression, and a midden), archeological context, and a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (5MV1934) and these human remains 
are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1970, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist David Breternitz at 5MV1940, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (a pithouse), dendrochronology, 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (5MV1940) and these human remains

[[Page 46944]]

are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1972, human remains representing eight individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized excavation conducted by 
University of Colorado archeologist Roy Hunt at 5MV2282, a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. The 48 
associated funerary objects include one faunal bone, one fossil, and 46 
sherds.
    Based on the location of a nearby kiva tower, a physical 
anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, this site (5MV2282), 
these human remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to 
Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1972, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist Barb Wyant at 5MV2470, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (9 rooms, a kiva, and scattered 
refuse), archeological context, and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (5MV2470) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1973, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist C.J. Gager at 5MV2551, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (a rubble mound), archeological 
context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic analysis, 
this site (5MV2551) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo II 
(A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1977, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized excavation conducted by University of 
Colorado archeologist Steve Spears at 5MV3808, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (a kiva, midden, rubble mound, and 
retaining wall), archeological context, and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (5MV3808) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300)
    In 1979, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service salvage excavation 
project conducted at 5MV3894, a site within park boundaries. No known 
individuals were identified. No funerary objects were present.
    Based on the location of a nearby cliff dwelling, a physical 
anthropology examination, and corrugated pottery sherds found down-
slope, this site (5MV3894) and these human remains are identified as 
Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    Between 1939 and 1962, human remains representing seven individuals 
were removed without authorization from Falls Creek Cave (5LP1434), a 
site located outside park boundaries. In 1939, human remains 
representing four individuals were seized by the Department of 
Agriculture and donated to Mesa Verde National Park. In 1962, human 
remains representing three individuals, originally recovered from the 
site during an unauthorized excavation, were donated to the Mesa Verde 
National Park. No known individuals were identified. The individuals 
donated in 1939 had seven associated funerary objects consisting of 
four hide artifacts, one hair artifact, one animal hair textile 
fragment, and one feather textile fragment. The individuals donated in 
1962 had two leather artifacts associated with the burials.
    Based on archeological context, a physical anthropology 
examination, and artifact analysis, this site (5LP1434), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are identified as 
Basketmaker II (A.D. 100-500).
    Between 1951 and 1954, human remains representing one individual 
were recovered during a legally authorized National Park Service field 
collection project conducted at a small unnamed pueblo, a site located 
outside park boundaries and inventoried as Yellow Jacket. These human 
remains were donated to Mesa Verde National Park. No known individuals 
were identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (pueblo structure and midden), 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (Yellow Jacket) and these human remains are identified as Pueblo 
II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1961, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized National Park Service salvage 
excavation project conducted on St. Christopher's Mission property in 
Bluff, UT, a site outside park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The five associated funerary objects include one faunal 
bone, one polishing stone, and three sherds. The human remains and 
associated funerary objects were donated to Mesa Verde National Park. 
One faunal bone is missing from the original catalogued entry for this 
site. This associated funerary object has not been included in the 
total count.
    Based on ceramic and lithic analysis, as well as a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (Bluff, UT), these human remains, 
and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-
1300).
    In 1936, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized landscaping operation conducted by a 
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) crew at Chapin Mesa HQ, a site within 
park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. All seven 
associated funerary objects are gray sherds.
    Based on geographic location, ceramic analysis, and a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (Chapin Mesa HQ), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Basketmaker 
III-Pueblo I (A.D. 500-900).
    In 1934 and 1947, human remains representing two individuals were 
recovered during legally authorized National Park Service construction 
(1934) and surface collection (1947) projects conducted at Chapin Mesa 
Hotel, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals were 
identified. The two associated funerary objects include faunal bones.
    Based on the location of a nearby site and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (Chapin Mesa Hotel), these human remains, and 
the associated funerary objects are identified as Ancestral Puebloan 
(pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1975, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during an unauthorized surface collection by a park visitor at Chapin 
Mesa Picnic Area, a site within park boundaries. No known individuals 
were identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on geographic location and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (Chapin Mesa Picnic Area) and these human 
remains are identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1933, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized National Park Service quarry 
operation conducted at the Chapin Mesa Quarry, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on geographic location and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (Chapin Mesa Quarry) and these human remains are 
identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).

[[Page 46945]]

    In 1933, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service road construction 
project conducted at Chapin Mesa, The Glades, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on geographic location and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (The Glades) and these human remains are 
identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1976, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
from a trailer court in Cortez, CO, a site outside park boundaries. The 
human remains and associated funerary objects were donated to Mesa 
Verde National Park. No known individuals were identified. The 34 
associated funerary objects are sherds.
    Based on ceramic analysis and a physical anthropology examination, 
this site (Cortez, CO), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100).
    In 1955, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
from private property in Dolores, CO, a site located outside park 
boundaries. These human remains were donated to Mesa Verde National 
Park. No known individuals were identified. No associated funerary 
objects were donated.
    Based on geographic location, objects found in the vicinity 
(Ancestral Puebloan artifacts were collected with the human remains and 
also donated to the park), and a physical anthropology examination, 
this site (Dolores, CO) and these human remains are identified as 
Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1960, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered from a large ``Chaco'' style ruin on private property above 
the Dolores River, CO, a site located outside park boundaries. The 
human remains and associated funerary objects were donated to Mesa 
Verde National Park. No known individuals were identified. The four 
associated funerary objects include one bone artifact and three faunal 
bones.
    Based on architectural features (``Chaco'' style ruin), 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (Dolores River, CO), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo III (A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1995, the University of Colorado returned human remains 
representing four individuals, originally recovered during legally 
authorized excavations, to Mesa Verde National Park. These human 
remains were identified with an accession number the University used 
for a number of sites it excavated. Therefore, the exact site from 
which the human remains originated is unknown. These remains have been 
identified on the NAGPRA inventory as No Provenience (1058). No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on documentation and a physical anthropology examination, 
this site (No Provenience 1058) and these human remains are identified 
as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1945, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during an unauthorized excavation at the Mancos Reservoir, a site 
outside park boundaries. The human remains and associated funerary 
objects were donated to Mesa Verde National Park. No known individuals 
were identified. The two associated funerary objects include one bone 
awl and one bowl.
    Based on an analysis of the associated artifacts and a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (Mancos Reservoir), these human 
remains, and the associated funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-
Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In the late 1800s, human remains representing one individual were 
removed from within present day park boundaries. In 1962, these human 
remains were donated to Mesa Verde National Park (627). No known 
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
donated.
    Based on geographic location and a physical anthropology 
examination, these human remains are identified as Ancestral Puebloan 
(pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1977, human remains representing seven individuals were 
recovered during a legally authorized excavation conducted by 
University of Colorado archeologists at 5MV3791, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (2 walls and a rubble mound), 
archeological context, and a physical anthropology examination, this 
site (5MV3791) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 
900-1100).
    In 1995, human remains representing two individuals were found in 
the Mesa Verde Research Center collection. The only identification was 
the site number 5MV34, or Soda Canyon Pueblo, on one of the 
individuals. Soda Canyon Pueblo, a site within park boundaries, was 
legally excavated in 1947 and 1948 by Gila Pueblo Survey archeologist 
Deric O'Bryan. In 1951, National Park Service archeologists conducted 
legally authorized excavations at the site. It is probable that these 
remains are also from 5MV34. The remains are identified on the NAGPRA 
inventory as No Provenience (1420). No known individuals were 
identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features for 5MV34 (45 rooms, 5 kivas, and a 
tower), dendrochronology, a physical anthropology examination, and 
ceramic analysis, this site (No Provenience 1420) and these human 
remains are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In the early 1890s, the American Water Supply Company of Portland, 
Maine recovered human remains representing five individuals during 
legally authorized field-work conducted at Montezuma Valley, CO, a site 
located outside park boundaries. In 1935, a former employee of the 
American Water Supply Company donated the remains to Mesa Verde 
National Park. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were donated.
    Based on geographic location and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (Montezuma Valley, CO) and these human remains 
are identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    Prior to 1921, human remains representing one individual were 
recovered by Smithsonian Institution archeologist Jesse Walter Fewkes 
from an unknown site in Navajo Canyon, a site within park boundaries. 
No known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects 
were present.
    Based on geographic location (Navajo Canyon) and a physical 
anthropology examination, these human remains are identified as 
Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    Between 1949 and 1954, human remains representing two individuals 
were recovered from Pictograph Point (5MV1001), a site within park 
boundaries. In 1949, human remains representing one individual were 
recovered from a crevice just south of Pictograph Point during a 
legally authorized National Park Service surface collection project. In 
1954, a park visitor recovered human remains representing one 
individual approximately 200 yards north of Pictograph Point during an 
unauthorized field collection. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on the location of a nearby cliff dwelling and petroglyph 
panel, as well as a physical anthropology examination, this site 
(5MV1001) and these human

[[Page 46946]]

remains are identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1995, human remains representing one individual were found in 
the Mesa Verde Research Center collection. The only identification was 
the accession number MEVE-702. This accession was used for material 
recovered during the Wetherill Mesa Archeological Site Survey by 
archeologist Alden Hayes. It is assumed that these remains were 
recovered from a now unknown site during this survey. These remains are 
identified on the NAGPRA inventory as No Provenience (702). The 
surveyed sites were all within park boundaries. No known individuals 
were identified. No associated funerary objects were present.
    It is not known from which site these human remains were recovered, 
but all Wetherill Mesa Archeological Site Survey material is from the 
Ancestral Puebloan occupation of Mesa Verde (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1946, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during an unauthorized field collection by an employee of the park 
concessionaire from a cave in Soda Canyon, a site within park 
boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were present.
    Based on recovery of the human remains in the vicinity of Far View 
Ruin (5MV808) and a physical anthropology examination, this site (Soda 
Canyon) and these human remains are identified as Ancestral Puebloan 
(pre A.D. 1300).
    Between 1983-1987, human remains representing eight individuals 
were recovered during legally authorized excavations conducted by the 
Brigham Young University, Utah, at Nancy Patterson (42SA2110), a site 
located outside park boundaries in southeast Utah. The human remains 
and funerary objects were donated to Mesa Verde National Park. No known 
individuals were identified. The 60 associated funerary objects are all 
sherds.
    Based on architectural features (Pueblo II component: 120 rooms, 
kivas, a circular plaza, and midden; Pueblo III component: 260-325 
rooms, 21-29 pit structures, courtyards, a square kiva, and midden), 
archeological context, a physical anthropology examination, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (42SA2110), these human remains, and the associated 
funerary objects are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1941, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service fencing operation 
conducted at the West Side of Park, a site within park boundaries. No 
known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on geographic location and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (West Side of Park) and these human remains are 
identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1942, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
from a Basketmaker site on private property in Durango, CO (304), a 
site located outside of park boundaries. The human remains were donated 
to Mesa Verde National Park. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were donated.
    Based on archeological context and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (304) and these human remains are dated to 
Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1947, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
from a pithouse on private property near Durango, CO (335), a site 
located outside park boundaries. The human remains were donated to Mesa 
Verde National Park. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were donated.
    Based on archeological context and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (335) and these human remains are dated to 
Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1954, human remains representing two individuals were recovered 
from a site on private property east of Durango, CO (483), a site 
located outside of park boundaries. The human remains were donated to 
Mesa Verde National Park. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were donated.
    Based on park records (the original catalog card states that the 
human remains were either Basketmaker III or Pueblo I) and a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (483) and these human remains are 
dated to Basketmaker III-Pueblo I (A.D. 500-900).
    In 1960, human remains representing four individuals were recovered 
during a legally authorized National Park Service salvage excavation 
project conducted on Lutheran Church property in Durango, CO (582), a 
site located outside park boundaries. The remains and associated 
funerary objects were donated to Mesa Verde National Park. No known 
individuals were identified. The 246 associated funerary objects 
include three geologic specimens, one jar, one mineral specimen 
(hematite), and 241 sherds. One pestle is missing from the original 
catalogued entry for this site. This associated funerary object has not 
been included in the total count.
    Based on ceramic analysis and a physical anthropology examination, 
this site (582), these human remains, and the associated funerary 
objects are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1962, human remains representing three individuals were 
recovered from a pithouse located on private property (present-day 
location of Fort Lewis College) in Durango, CO (593), a site located 
outside park boundaries. The human remains were donated to Mesa Verde 
National Park. No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were donated.
    Based on archeological context and a physical anthropology 
examination, this site (593) and these human remains are dated to 
Basketmaker (A.D. 100-700).
    Prior to 1934, human remains representing 91 individuals were found 
in museum storage. It is assumed that most, if not all, of the remains 
and items in this accession were recovered from within Mesa Verde 
National Park. These remains are identified on the NAGPRA inventory as 
No Provenience (85). No known individuals were identified. The three 
associated funerary objects are faunal bones. Human remains 
representing three individuals are missing from the original catalogued 
entry for this site. These human remains have not been included in the 
total count.
    It is not known from which sites these human remains were 
recovered. Based on geographic location and a physical anthropology 
examination, it is believed that the human remains and associated 
funerary objects are from the Ancestral Puebloan occupation of Mesa 
Verde (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1962, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during an unauthorized collection from a pithouse and were later 
donated to Mesa Verde National Park. The location for this site is 
unknown. These remains are identified on the NAGPRA inventory as No 
Provenience (593). No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were donated.
    Based on museum records, archeological context, and a physical 
anthropology examination, this site (593) and these human remains are 
identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    Prior to 1921, human remains representing one individual were 
recovered from an unknown site by Smithsonian Institution archeologist 
Jesse Walter Fewkes. Park records indicate that the human remains were 
most likely recovered from within park boundaries. These remains are 
identified on the NAGPRA inventory as No Provenience (99). No known 
individuals were identified. No

[[Page 46947]]

associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on Fewkes' listing of these human remains and a physical 
anthropology examination, it is believed these human remains date to 
the Ancestral Puebloan occupation of Mesa Verde (pre A.D. 1300).
    In 1935, human remains representing one individual were donated to 
Mesa Verde National Park. It is not known whether these remains were 
found inside or outside park boundaries. These remains are identified 
on the NAGPRA inventory as No Provenience (168). No known individuals 
were identified. No associated funerary objects were donated.
    Based on museum records and a physical anthropology examination, 
these human remains are dated to Basketmaker III (A.D. 500-700).
    In 1972, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized archeological survey conducted by the 
University of Colorado at 5MV2381, a site within park boundaries. No 
known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (a kiva depression, tower, 2 large 
retaining walls, and 2 rubble mounds), archeological context, and 
ceramic analysis, this site (5MV2381) and these human remains are dated 
to Pueblo II- Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1972, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized archeological survey conducted by the 
University of Colorado at 5MV2472, a site within park boundaries. No 
known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (3 circular kiva depressions, wall 
rubble, and 3 retaining walls), archeological context, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV2472) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1972, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized archeological survey conducted by the 
University of Colorado at 5MV2481, a site within park boundaries. No 
known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (4 kivas, a series of room walls, 
and a possible retaining wall), archeological context, and ceramic 
analysis, this site (5MV2481) and these human remains are dated to 
Pueblo II-Pueblo III (A.D. 900-1300).
    In 1975, human remains representing one individual were recovered 
during a legally authorized archeological survey conducted by the 
University of Colorado at 5MV3285, a site within park boundaries. No 
known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects were 
present.
    Based on architectural features (large mound with a heavy 
concentration of sherd and lithic material and burned sandstone 
fragments), archeological context, and ceramic analysis, this site 
(5MV3285) and these human remains are dated to Pueblo II-Pueblo III 
(A.D. 900-1300).
    Between 1933 and 1953, human remains representing five individuals 
were recovered during legally authorized National Park Service road cut 
activities conducted at Gila Pueblo 80 (5MV1091), a site 
within park boundaries. No known individuals were identified. No 
associated funerary objects were present.
    Based on architectural features (15 rooms, kiva depression, and 
trash mound) and archeological context, this site (5MV1091) and these 
human remains are dated to Pueblo II (A.D. 900-1100)
    In 1901, human remains representing four individuals were removed 
without authorization by a visitor from a Mesa Verde cliff dwelling. 
The location of the site is unknown. In 1989, the human remains were 
donated to Mesa Verde National Park. These remains are identified on 
the NAGPRA inventory as No Provenience (1235). No known individuals 
were identified. No associated funerary objects were donated.
    Based on museum records, archeological context, and a physical 
anthropology examination, these human remains are dated to Pueblo III 
(A.D. 1100-1300).
    In 1914, human remains representing one individual were removed 
without authorization from a cliff dwelling in Montezuma County by a 
visitor. In 1997, the human remains were donated to Mesa Verde National 
Park. These remains are identified on the NAGPRA inventory as No 
Provenience (1448). No known individuals were identified. No associated 
funerary objects were donated.
    Based on museum records and archeological context, these human 
remains are identified as Ancestral Puebloan (pre A.D. 1300).
    The cultural affiliation of the above described human remains and 
associated funerary objects with present-day Indian tribes was 
determined through the use of the following types of evidence: 
geographical, kinship, biological, archeological, anthropological, 
linguistic, folklore, oral tradition, historical, and expert opinion. 
These modes of evidence were acquired from consultation efforts with 
the before mentioned Indian tribes, cultural affiliation studies, and 
research of the applicable anthropological and historical literature.
    In order to provide an inventory and basic demographic profile of 
the human remains currently housed at the Mesa Verde Research Center, a 
team of physical anthropologists utilized non-destructive techniques to 
examine most of this osteological collection. Utilizing observable and 
measurable characteristics, such as shovel shaped incisors and changes 
in the cranium related to cradleboard use, as well as relying on 
archeological provenience and the material culture associated with the 
burials, the human remains listed above were identified as Ancestral 
Puebloan.
    The archeological evidence for establishing cultural affiliation 
relied upon the degree to which the architecture, found in relationship 
with the recovered human remains and associated funerary objects, 
conformed with the Pecos Classification system, an accepted 
chronological sequence used by Southwestern archeologists. The 
archeological examination scrutinized multiple lines of evidence 
(similarity of artifacts, continuity of styles from present to past, 
and the evolution of architecture) to conclude that the present-day 
Puebloan peoples are directly related to the Ancestral Puebloans, who 
occupied the Mesa Verde area from at least A.D. 100 to A.D. 1300.
    The extensive anthropological literature on Southwestern Native 
American communities was also utilized to determine the cultural 
affiliation of the human remains and associated funerary objects under 
discussion. Ethnographic research focusing on the emergence, migration, 
and sacred site location accounts of the Keresan-speaking Pueblos 
(Acoma, Cochiti, Laguna, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Santo Domingo, and 
Zia), Tanoan-speaking Pueblos (Tiwa-speaking: Isleta, Picuris, Sandia, 
and Taos; Tewa-speaking: Nambe, Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, San Juan, 
Santa Clara, and Tesuque; Towa-speaking: Jemez), Hopi (Uto-Aztecan), 
Zuni, and Navajo (Athabaskan) indicate that each of these groups 
possess a cultural relationship with the Mesa Verde area. Additionally, 
expert opinion provided by these present-day Indian tribes during 
consultation undertakings confirmed the existence of their individual

[[Page 46948]]

relationship with the past inhabitants of Mesa Verde.
    Presently, archeologists do not agree when the Athabaskan or 
Apachean (Navajo and Apache) peoples entered the Southwest region. 
Dates as early as A.D. 1000 and as late as A.D. 1525 have been 
proposed. Spanish historical accounts of their initial 16th century 
entrance into the Southwest region noted that Apacheans surrounded 
Puebloan communities and that both peoples utilized common agricultural 
practices, material goods, and ceremonial activities. Irrespective of 
the earlier or later date for entry into the Southwest region, a long 
period of contact has existed between Puebloan and Athabaskan peoples. 
In particular, the Puebloans and Navajos, while retaining strong 
aspects of uniqueness and individuality, have intermarried, shared 
cultural traits, and maintained similar ceremonial practices with one 
another.
    A specific instance of Pueblo-Navajo interaction and exchange 
occurred after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, when many Puebloans fled the 
Spanish re-conquest and sought refuge among the Navajo. Ultimately, 
refugees from the Pueblos of Cochiti, Jemez, San Felipe, San Ildefonso, 
Santa Clara, and Zuni mingled with the Navajo and were incorporated 
into their clan system. Furthermore, the Hopi of Awatovi joined the 
Navajo during this period in the Chinle area. The circumstances 
surrounding the 1680 Pueblo Revolt generated dramatic cultural and 
population exchanges between the Puebloan and Navajo peoples. While 
interchanges between Puebloans and Navajos have ebbed and waned since 
this period, the existence of a complex biological and cultural 
relationship between these present-day communities is apparent.
    Additional evidence for affiliating the Navajo with the past 
inhabitants of Mesa Verde includes expert opinion and oral tradition. 
For example, Navajo tribal experts identified references specific to 
Mesa Verde sites in Navajo ceremonies and oral histories. These experts 
also characterized Anasazi (Ancestral Puebloan) sites at Mesa Verde as 
places inhabited by Anasazis in the form of Talking God and Calling 
God, significant deities in the Navajo ceremonial system. Further, the 
Navajo consider the region known as Dinetah to be their area of 
emergence or the original Navajo homeland. Mesa Verde National Park 
falls within the cultural-geographical region of Dinetah.
    In sum, the above described human remains and associated funerary 
objects were found to be Ancestral Puebloan. Based upon geographical, 
kinship, biological, archeological, anthropological, linguistic, 
folklore, oral tradition, historical and expert opinion, it has been 
determined that the present-day Pueblos, Hopi, and Zuni are culturally 
affiliated with these Ancestral Puebloan human remains and associated 
funerary objects. Based upon geographical, kinship, biological, 
anthropological, folklore, oral tradition, historical and expert 
opinion, it has also been determined that the present-day Navajo are 
culturally affiliated with these Ancestral Puebloan human remains and 
associated funerary objects. While archeological and oral tradition 
evidence exists for culturally affiliating the Pueblos, Hopi, and Zuni 
directly with the ancient inhabitants of Mesa Verde, the Navajos' 
cultural affiliation is affirmed through direct oral tradition ties to 
these Ancestral Puebloans, as well as their historically strong 
relationship with Puebloan peoples and culture.
    Upon the examination of historical and geographical information, 
officials of the National Park Service have determined the Southern Ute 
Indian Tribe and the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Tribe share a historic and 
continuing cultural affiliation with Mesa Verde National Park lands. 
The Southern Ute Indian Tribe's status of cultural affiliation with the 
previously enumerated Ancestral Puebloan human remains and associated 
funerary objects continues to be evaluated by Mesa Verde National Park.
    Based on the above information, officials of the National Park 
Service have determined that pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (d)(1), the human 
remains listed above represent the physical remains of at least 1,524 
individuals of Native American ancestry. National Park Service 
officials have also determined that, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (d)(2), 
the 4,863 associated funerary objects listed above are reasonably 
believed to have been placed with or near individual human remains at 
the time of death or later as part of the death rite or ceremony. 
Lastly, officials of the National Park Service have determined that, 
pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (e), there is a relationship of shared group 
identity which can be reasonably traced between these Native American 
human remains and associated funerary objects and the Hopi Tribe of 
Arizona; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo of Nambe, New Mexico; Pueblo of Picuris, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of Pojoaque, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Felipe, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Juan, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of Sandia, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santo Domingo, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Zia, New Mexico; Navajo Nation of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah; Ysleta 
Del Sur Pueblo of Texas; and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New 
Mexico.
    This notice has been sent to officials of the Hopi Tribe of 
Arizona; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo of Nambe, New Mexico; Pueblo of Picuris, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of Pojoaque, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Felipe, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Juan, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of Sandia, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santo Domingo, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Zia, New Mexico; Navajo Nation of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah; 
Southern Ute Indian Tribe of the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado; 
Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New 
Mexico, and Utah; Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas; and Zuni Tribe of the 
Zuni Reservation, New Mexico. Representatives of any other Indian tribe 
that believes itself to be culturally affiliated with these human 
remains and associated funerary objects, should contact Superintendent 
Larry Wiese, Mesa Verde National Park, PO Box 8, Mesa Verde, CO 81733; 
telephone: (970) 529-4605, before September 27, 1999. Repatriation of 
the human remains and associated funerary objects to the Hopi Tribe of 
Arizona; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo of Nambe, New Mexico; Pueblo of Picuris, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of Pojoaque, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Felipe, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Juan, New 
Mexico; Pueblo of Sandia, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santo Domingo, New Mexico; 
Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico; Pueblo of 
Zia, New Mexico; Navajo Nation of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah; Ysleta 
Del Sur Pueblo of Texas; and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New 
Mexico may

[[Page 46949]]

begin after that date if no additional claimants come forward.
Dated: August 17, 1999.
Francis P. McManamon,
Departmental Consulting Archeologist,
Manager, Archeology and Ethnography Program.
[FR Doc. 99-22260 Filed 8-26-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-70-F