[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 160 (Thursday, August 19, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 45187-45196]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-20861]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 63

[AD-FRL-6419-5]


National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: 
Halogenated Solvent Cleaning

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Direct final rule.

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SUMMARY: On December 2, 1994, the EPA issued the ``National Emission 
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Halogenated Solvent Cleaning'' 
(59 FR 61801). Today's action offers compliance options for continuous 
web cleaning machines, as well as amendments to the national emission 
standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) that apply to steam-
heated vapor cleaning machines and to cleaning machines used to clean 
transformers. The EPA is approving these amendments to ensure that all 
owners or operators of solvent cleaning machines have appropriate and 
attainable requirements for their cleaning machines.

DATES: This direct final rule will be effective on October 18, 1999 
without further notice, unless the EPA receives adverse comments by 
September 20, 1999. If we receive any adverse comment, we will publish 
a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that 
this rule will not take effect.

ADDRESSES: Written comments should be submitted (in duplicate, if 
possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (MC-
6102), Attention Docket Number A-92-39, Room M-1500, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460. The EPA 
requests that a separate copy of each public comment be sent to the 
contact person listed below (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning the 
standards and the proposed changes, contact Mr. Paul Almodovar, 
Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-
13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 
North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919) 541-0283. For information 
regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, 
contact Ms. Acquanetta Delaney, Manufacturing Branch, Office of 
Compliance (2223A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, 
SW, Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 564-7061.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The EPA is publishing this rule without 
prior proposal because we view this as a noncontroversial amendment and 
do not anticipate adverse comment. The changes to the compliance 
requirements for continuous web cleaning machines provide the only 
reasonable method available to those cleaning machines to comply with 
the maximum achievable control technology (MACT) level of control. The 
EPA considers these revised requirements to be comparable to the 
requirements previously promulgated for other cleaning machines. 
However, in the ``Proposed Rules'' section of today's Federal Register, 
we are publishing a separate document that will serve as the proposal 
in the event that adverse comments are filed. This rule will be 
effective on October 18, 1999 without further notice unless we receive 
any adverse comment by September 20, 1999. If we receive any adverse 
comment, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register 
informing the public that the rule will not take effect. We will 
address all public comments in a subsequent final rule based on the 
proposed rule. We will not institute a second comment period on this 
action. Any parties interested in commenting must do so at this time.

Regulated Entities

    The following entities are potentially regulated by this direct 
final rule.

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               Category                       SIC codes            Examples of potentially regulated entities
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Industry.............................  33, 34, 36, and 37.....  Facilities engaging in cleaning operations using
                                                                 halogenated solvent cleaning machines.
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[[Page 45188]]

    This list is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this 
action. This list includes the types of entities that the EPA is now 
aware could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of 
entities not listed could also be affected. To determine whether your 
facility, company, or organization is regulated by this direct final 
rule, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria in 
Sec. 63.460 of the promulgated rule. If you have any questions 
regarding the applicability of this direct final rule to a particular 
entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT section.

Organization of This Document

    The information presented in this preamble is organized as follows:

I. Background
    A. Why Is EPA Amending the NESHAP for Halogenated Solvent 
Cleaning?
    B. What Is the Purpose of This Direct Final Rule?
    C. Does This Rule Apply to Me?
    D. Do the Changes in Today's Direct Final Rule Apply to My 
Machines?
II. New Requirements for Continuous Web Cleaning Machines
    A. How Do I Know if My Machine is a Continuous Web Cleaning 
Machine?
    B. What Changes Impact My Continuous Web Cleaning Machines?
    C. How Did EPA Develop These Changes?
    D. How Do I Know if My Machine Is ``New'' or an ``Existing'' 
Continuous Web Cleaning Machine?
    E. When Must I Comply With These New Requirements?
III. Other Changes
    A. What Change Is EPA Making That Applies to My Transformer 
Cleaning Operations?
    B. What Changes Impact My Steam-Heated Vapor Cleaning Machines?
IV. Impacts
V. Administrative Requirements
    A. Docket
    B. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
    C. Executive Order 12875: Enhancing Intergovernmental 
Partnerships
    D. Executive Order 13084: Consultation and Coordination with 
Indian Tribal Governments
    E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
    F. Regulatory Flexibility/Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 
Fairness Act
    G. Paperwork Reduction Act
    H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    I. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
    J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

I. Background

A. Why Is EPA Amending the NESHAP for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning?

    The EPA promulgated the halogenated solvent cleaning (HSC) NESHAP 
on December 2, 1994. That rule included requirements for batch and in-
line cleaning machines and included both control device and work 
practice requirements. A batch cleaning machine is defined in the HSC 
NESHAP as ``a solvent cleaning machine in which individual parts or 
sets of parts move through the entire cleaning cycle before new parts 
are introduced.'' Inherent in some of the requirements is the 
understanding that the part or set of parts stops at one or various 
points in the machine for cleaning and for removal of cleaned parts. In 
contrast, an in-line cleaning machine (or continuous cleaning machine) 
is defined in the HSC NESHAP as ``a solvent cleaning machine that uses 
an automated parts handling system, typically a conveyor, to 
automatically provide a continuous supply of parts to be cleaned.''
    After promulgation, several industry groups raised concerns about 
how some cleaning machines would be classified under the rule. These 
commenters stated that some machines did not clearly and completely fit 
into any of the categories of cleaning machines included in the HSC 
NESHAP. The machines in question included movie film cleaning machines 
and machines used to clean strips, rods, and wire.
    After some initial review, the EPA concluded that these issues 
warranted additional consideration. On May 5, 1998 (63 FR 24768), the 
EPA issued an immediate stay of compliance for the continuous web 
cleaning machines until August 3, 1998. In that same action, the EPA 
proposed to extend the compliance date for these units for an 
additional year, to August 3, 1999, to allow for an equivalency 
determination. The EPA received comments on the proposed extension. One 
commenter expressed concern that the 1-year extension may not be 
sufficient time to review the data, complete the technical analysis, 
propose and promulgate an equivalency determination, and allow 
sufficient time for facilities to comply with the new requirements. The 
EPA agreed with these comments and on December 11, 1998 (63 FR 68397) 
extended the compliance date for continuous web cleaning machines to 
December 2, 1999.

B. What Is the Purpose of This Direct Final Rule?

    This direct final rule does two things. First, it promulgates 
alternative compliance requirements for continuous web cleaning 
machines. A continuous web cleaning machine is a cleaning machine that 
cleans a continuous web part at speeds in excess of 11 feet per minute. 
Changes to the rule impacting continuous web cleaning machines are 
discussed in section II.A of this direct final rule. Second, this 
direct final rule makes two minor changes, discussed in section II.B, 
which are the only changes that impact cleaning machines other than 
continuous web cleaning machines.

C. Does This Rule Apply to Me?

    You are subject to the HSC NESHAP if you are the owner or operator 
of a halogenated solvent cleaning machine. A halogenated solvent 
cleaning machine is any piece of equipment used to remove soil if the 
solvent used in the machine contains more than 5 percent in total of 
any of the following halogenated solvents: perchloroethylene; methylene 
chloride; 1,1,1-trichloroethane (also known as methyl chloroform); 
trichloroethylene; carbon tetrachloride; and chloroform.

D. Do the Changes in Today's Direct Final Rule Apply to My Machines?

    The changes contained in today's direct final rule only apply to 
you if your machines meet any of the following criteria:
    1. Halogenated solvent cleaning machines that are classified as 
continuous web cleaning machines. (Changes impacting these machines are 
discussed in section II.A.)
    2. Halogenated solvent cleaning machines used to clean 
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) laden transformers. (A change impacting 
these machines is discussed in section II.B.)
    3. Halogenated solvent cleaning machines that are steam-heated 
vapor cleaning machines. (The definition of continuous web cleaning 
machines and a change impacting these machines is discussed in section 
II.B.)

II. New Requirements for Continuous Web Cleaning Machines

A. How Do I Know if My Machine Is a Continuous Web Cleaning Machine?

    A continuous web cleaning machine is a solvent cleaning machine in 
which parts such as film, coils, wire, and metal strips are cleaned at 
speeds in excess of 11 feet per minute. Parts are generally uncoiled, 
cleaned such that the same part is simultaneously entering and exiting 
the solvent application area of the solvent cleaning machine, and then 
recoiled or cut. For the purposes of this subpart, all continuous web 
cleaning machines are considered to be a subset

[[Page 45189]]

of in-line solvent cleaning machines. These units tend to be used in 
two distinct areas: (1) Movie film cleaning and (2) continuous strip, 
wire, or rod cleaning.
Movie Film Cleaning
    The movie film cleaning industry typically uses a continuous web 
cleaning machine to clean the surfaces on large reels of film. 
Typically, a reel is loaded onto the machine and the film threaded 
through a series of rollers. The film is then either fed into a vat or 
past a series of spray nozzles that apply the chlorinated solvent onto 
the film. The film is then dried using air jets, cloth pads, or a 
combination of both.
Strip, Rod, or Wire Cleaning
    This group of continuous web cleaning machines cleans a more 
diverse product group, including large flat pieces of metal, metal 
rods, and thin wires. The machines can be dip tanks, spray 
applications, or a combination. While the EPA has only currently 
identified continuous web cleaning machines used to clean metal 
products, these machines may clean nonmetal products which would also 
be covered by this rule.
    The EPA considered both of the above types of continuous web 
cleaning machines when developing the changes discussed today.

B. What Changes Impact My Continuous Web Cleaning Machines?

    The changes will enable you to comply with all of the requirements 
of the HSC NESHAP. The options are similar to the options for other in-
line cleaning machines. The changes are equivalent to those codified at 
40 CFR part 63, subpart T, and include new equivalent controls for some 
existing requirements and clarifications of the EPA's interpretation of 
existing requirements germane to continuous web cleaning machines. The 
changes account for the inherent differences between the solvent 
cleaning machines that were the basis for the HSC NESHAP promulgated in 
1994 and continuous web cleaning machines. The changes to the rule that 
apply only to continuous web cleaning machines are:
1. An Alternative to the Requirement for a Maximum Parts Speed of 11 
Feet per Minute and the Requirement for a Dwell Time in Some Options
    You are not required to meet the speed and dwell requirements if 
your continuous web cleaning machine meets other specific requirements. 
These requirements include a properly designed, operated, and 
maintained system to eliminate visible carryout of solvent on your 
continuous web product. In addition, you must comply with the 
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements for the controls 
that replace the hoist speed and dwell requirements.
2. A Change in the Alternative for Continuous Web Cleaning Machines 
Venting to a Carbon Adsorber
    A properly designed and operated continuous web cleaning machine 
can comply with the new or existing source requirements by venting the 
exhaust from the enclosed cleaning chamber through a properly operated 
and maintained carbon adsorption system instead of one of the equipment 
combinations listed in the HSC NESHAP. However, the system used must be 
demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction to be equal to the 
MACT level of control established for the listed control combinations.
3. A Clarification That There is No Freeboard Ratio Requirement if Your 
Continuous Web Cleaning Machine Does Not Have an Exposed Sump
    That is, if your continuous web cleaning machine has a remote 
reservoir, no freeboard ratio requirement applies.
4. A Clarification That the Ban on the Cleaning of Absorbent Materials 
Does Not Apply to Cloth Rollers Used in the Cleaning Process Inside 
Your Machine
    However, you do have requirements that apply when you remove these 
rollers from the machine.
5. A Clarification on the Interpretation of Superheated Vapor 
Technology for Continuous Web Cleaning Machines
    The new interpretation allows for any technology that raises the 
continuous web part above the boiling point of the solvent. A new term, 
superheated part technology, has been added to the rule to more clearly 
address this situation. Therefore, as with the HSC NESHAP promulgated 
in 1994, your specific compliance options in the amended HSC NESHAP 
depend on whether your cleaning machines are considered to be new or 
existing.

C. How Did EPA Develop These Changes?

    The EPA evaluated all data received on continuous web cleaning 
machines from the industry. The EPA contacted some facilities for 
additional data and identified several facilities for site visits. The 
EPA conducted several site visits and was able to gather additional 
data on the unique design and operational requirements of continuous 
web cleaning machines. Based on these data, EPA evaluated how 
continuous web cleaning machines best fit into the HSC NESHAP 
promulgated in 1994 and identified changes to be made. The inability of 
some continuous web cleaning machines to comply with the rule is a 
result of differences between those machines and the cleaning machines 
used as the basis for the HSC NESHAP promulgated in 1994.
    The first step in EPA's analysis was to determine whether existing 
compliance options could be used for continuous web cleaning machines. 
The only option available that did not include a maximum hoist speed 
requirement was the alternative standard included in Sec. 63.464.
    This option has only an overall solvent emission rate, with no 
design or work practice requirements. The EPA concluded that the 
continuous web cleaning machines were not candidates for the 
alternative standard. In addition, the overall solvent emission rates 
were established based on an infrequently used solvent cleaning 
machine, not on a continuous web cleaning machine. As the name 
suggests, continuous web cleaning machines tend to be operated on a 
continuous or near-continuous basis. Since compliance with this 
alternative standard was not viable, EPA then looked at the primary 
standards.
    In general, continuous web cleaning machines could be brought into 
compliance with the requirements of the HSC NESHAP but for the 
following two requirements.
     The design requirement of Sec. 63.463(a)(3) that ``each 
cleaning machine shall have an automated parts handling system capable 
of moving parts or parts baskets at a speed of 11 feet per minute or 
less from the initial loading of parts through the removal of cleaned 
parts.''
     The requirement for a ``dwell'' that is included in two of 
the four compliance options available for existing in-line cleaning 
machines.
    The changes that were needed in the HSC NESHAP were due to 
potential issues with the following requirements:
     The design requirement of Sec. 63.463(a)(2) that each 
``cleaning machine shall have a freeboard ratio of 0.75 or greater.''
     The work practice requirement of Sec. 63.463(d)(12) that 
``sponges, fabric, wood, and paper products shall not be cleaned.''
     The design requirement for superheated vapor technology in 
one of the options for existing cleaning machines and two of the 
options for new cleaning machines.

[[Page 45190]]

    Each of the changes deemed necessary to address these issues is 
discussed below.
1. Maximum Hoist Speed and Dwell Requirements
    Continuous web cleaning machines are different from other solvent 
cleaning machines--they are designed to clean parts traveling at a high 
rate of speed. In addition, the ``part'' being cleaned, the continuous 
web part, is a long strip of material that is never totally within the 
parts cleaning machine. The part moves through the cleaning machine 
such that one end of the part exits the machine before the other end 
enters. Therefore, there is no opportunity to meet a dwell requirement.
    When evaluating equivalency of alternative controls, it is 
important to understand the reason for the requirements in the original 
HSC NESHAP. Limiting part speed was required for two primary reasons:
     To limit liquid carryout on the part being cleaned caused 
by improper draining and improper cycle time.
     To limit the vapor disturbance or vapor carryout caused by 
parts moving through the solvent cleaning machine too quickly.
    Similarly, a proper dwell time also limits carryout emissions. 
First, dwell allows the part extra time within the freeboard for liquid 
or vapor solvent to flash off and/or drain back into the solvent tank. 
Stopping below the vapor zone of a vapor cleaner, as required by a 
dwell under this rule, also tends to limit the speed that the part is 
traveling as it goes through the vapor zone. The dwell is particularly 
beneficial when the part has large pieces sticking out that can capture 
solvent liquid or vapor and remove it from the machine as the part is 
removed.
    Based on observations made during the site visits to facilities 
with continuous web cleaning machines, EPA has concluded that properly 
operated squeegees and/or air knives are capable of controlling 
emissions to at least the same degree as a reduced parts speed for 
continuous web parts. Air knives and squeegee systems on a continuous 
web part remove essentially all of the solvent that remains on the 
part. These systems likely exceed the performance of a reduced hoist 
speed, in and of itself, because the effectiveness of a reduced hoist 
speed on emissions is dependent on other factors, such as the part 
shape and orientation. These air knives and squeegees work on 
continuous web cleaning machines to a higher efficiency than on 
traditional units because the part being cleaned is flat. Therefore, 
there is nothing to trap the solvent liquid or vapors.
    In order to ensure that all of the emission reductions associated 
with reduced parts speed and a dwell are realized, however, you will 
need to minimize the openings for part entrance and exit into the 
cleaning machine. The EPA observed minimized entry and exit openings in 
all cases that were evaluated during the development of these 
alternatives.
    As with any other control, improperly operated or maintained 
squeegees or air knives can quickly eliminate any potential emission 
reductions. A part exiting a well-maintained squeegee or air knife 
system will be visibly dry. However, a part exiting an improperly 
maintained machine would have a thin film of solvent left on the 
surface. This film evaporates quickly after exiting the machine, which 
results in a much larger solvent loss rate. The new requirements in 
this direct final rule include requirements that ensure proper 
operation of these carryout reducing devices.
2. Carbon Adsorption Units on Continuous Web Cleaning Machines
    When the EPA evaluated continuous web cleaning machines, we noticed 
an inherent benefit of these cleaning machines over typical machine 
design. This difference was particularly noticeable on film cleaning 
machines. The portion of film cleaning machines where solvent is 
applied tends to be enclosed and then vented to prevent solvent 
contamination of the expensive film. In these machines, the area 
surrounding the film take-up reel is also within an enclosed area and 
is often vented as well. When solvent is being used, the doors to the 
machines are closed. The exhaust from these machines is often vented to 
a carbon adsorber. The overall effectiveness of the carbon adsorber in 
these applications far exceeded the overall control efficiency 
calculated for other solvent cleaning machines during the rule 
development. A control efficiency of 65 percent was used for carbon 
adsorbers when a machine was actively cleaning parts. When combined 
with other controls and accounting for times when the machine was not 
operating, the overall control efficiencies that were used as the basis 
for existing and new machines was 60 and 70 percent, respectively.
    Based on the information gathered on film cleaning machines, the 
EPA has concluded that the use of a carbon adsorption system on a 
properly operated and maintained unit will ensure emission reductions 
that are at least as effective as the controls established as MACT in 
the promulgated rule. For example, one continuous web cleaning machine 
using a carbon adsorption system observed by the EPA cleaned over 3,500 
square feet of product per gallon of solvent used. Therefore, the use 
of a carbon adsorption system demonstrated to provide an overall 
control effectiveness of 70 percent (i.e., capture efficiency times 
removal efficiency) is an alternative to the promulgated options for 
continuous web cleaning machines.
3. Freeboard Ratio Requirements for Remote Reservoir Machines
    The HSC NESHAP includes a design requirement for a freeboard ratio 
of at least 0.75 for all in-line cleaning machines. In two of the 
compliance options for new in-line cleaning machines, a freeboard ratio 
of 1.0 is required. However, some continuous web cleaning machines do 
not have an exposed sump. These remote reservoir continuous web 
cleaning machines are more similar to the remote reservoir batch cold 
cleaning machines. In the HSC NESHAP, batch cold cleaning machines that 
have a remote reservoir are excluded from the freeboard requirement 
that other batch cold cleaning machines must have.
    The EPA has concluded that the same reasons that justify remote 
batch cold cleaning machines not being required to maintain a minimum 
freeboard ratio also apply to continuous web cleaning machines. In all 
of these machines, the primary cleaning mechanism is from solvent 
sprayed on the parts through nozzles. The solvent then typically drains 
into a sump that has minimal openings which in many cases are also 
covered. In all cases, the opportunity for evaporation and for air 
disturbances is minimized. Therefore, EPA has also concluded that the 
exclusion from a freeboard requirement should also apply to remote 
reservoir continuous web cleaning machines. This exclusion has been 
added to the rule.
4. Cleaning of Absorbent Materials
    The prohibition on cleaning absorbent materials in a halogenated 
solvent cleaning machine may cause problems for some continuous web 
cleaning machines. This prohibition was included because any absorbent 
materials that were cleaned in the machine would be solvent laden when 
removed from the machine. Removal of solvent laden parts would be a 
large source of emissions. Some continuous web cleaning machines use 
some absorbent materials, such as cloth rollers, in the cleaning 
process.

[[Page 45191]]

    The EPA did not intend to prohibit the use of absorbent materials 
as part of the cleaning mechanism in a machine. Since these absorbent 
materials would not be removed from the machine after each cleaning, no 
emissions from these materials would occur during each cleaning cycle. 
However, once these materials are removed from the cleaning machine, 
they would be solvent laden, and emissions would occur if the absorbent 
cleaning materials were not properly handled.
    The ability to use absorbent materials as part of the cleaning 
machine is clarified in today's direct final rule. However, any rollers 
or other absorbent materials that are removed from continuous web 
cleaning machines must be treated as hazardous waste and disposed of as 
required by applicable hazardous waste rules.
5. Superheated Vapor Technology
    The purpose of superheated technology is to heat the part(s) to 
evaporate even the thin layer of solvent film that can exist after 
solvent cleaning. This is typically achieved by the introduction of 
superheated vapor into an enclosed portion of a cleaner. The 
superheated vapor then heats the part(s) to above the boiling point of 
the solvent. Any solvent, even the typical solvent film, on the surface 
of a part is virtually eliminated by this process. The remaining 
problem for most cleaning machines is the vapor entrainment on the 
part(s).
    This technique and its effective emission reductions are not 
dependent on external forces providing the heating (i.e., vapors 
contacting a part to heat it). Therefore, any process that effectively 
raises the temperature of the part above the boiling point of the 
solvent should achieve the same effect. This would include any physical 
process that raises the temperature of the part itself.
    For example, some of the continuous materials being cleaned are 
metal rods or wires. These parts are often sent through processes that 
reduce their circumference, such as through the use of a die. This 
process is generally exothermic and the part can become heated to 
several hundred degrees. If the temperature of the part is heated to 
above the boiling point of the solvent, the same emission reductions 
achieved by the superheated vapor technology should be obtained. In 
fact, by not reintroducing solvent, the emission reductions may 
actually increase. In today's direct final rule, a new term, 
superheated part technology, has been added as an alternative to 
superheated vapor technology in all options that include a superheated 
vapor requirement.
6. Additional Clarification for Primary Condensers
    An additional issue arose during the evaluation of the equivalent 
control devices. While already included in the promulgated rule, EPA 
wishes to clarify a point concerning freeboard refrigeration devices on 
continuous web cleaning machines. The purpose of a primary condenser is 
to condense vapors that rise out of the boiling sump. On the other 
hand, a freeboard refrigeration device creates a cool air blanket to 
limit diffusion. Primary coils can serve as a freeboard refrigeration 
device under certain conditions for vapor cleaners. However, many 
continuous web cleaning machines are not vapor cleaning machines; 
therefore, no requirement for a primary condensing coil applies to 
these units. Even if the continuous web cleaning machines were vapor 
cleaning machines, the rule allows for primary coils to be considered a 
freeboard refrigeration device if the required temperature of the air 
blanket is created within the freeboard area. Therefore, the ability to 
use any type of cooling coils as a freeboard refrigeration device is 
emphasized and clarified for continuous web cleaning machines.

D. How Do I Know if My Machine is ``New'' or an ``Existing'' Continuous 
Web Cleaning Machine?

    Machines are classified as either new or existing based on the HSC 
NESHAP proposed on November 29, 1993. Continuous web cleaning machines 
on which construction started before November 29, 1993 are existing 
affected sources. Machines on which construction started on November 
29, 1993 or later are new affected sources.

E. When Must I Comply With These New Requirements?

    You must comply with these requirements by December 12, 1999 for 
both your new and existing affected sources. This date was established 
in a Federal Register notice published on December 11, 1998 (63 FR 
68397).

III. Other Changes

A. What Change Is EPA Making That Applies to My Transformer Cleaning 
Operations?

    The EPA has recently become aware of a potential conflict between 
the HSC NESHAP and some specific Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 
permits. Some facilities clean transformers contaminated with PCBs 
using batch cold halogenated solvent cleaning machines. The cleaning of 
these PCB-laden transformers is covered under TSCA permits, which 
include requirements to ensure proper draining and proper disposal of 
all materials. These transformers often include absorbent materials 
(i.e., cardboard). The HSC NESHAP requirements for cold cleaning 
machines state that ``Sponges, fabric, wood, and paper shall not be 
cleaned.'' (Sec. 63.462(c)(8)).
    It is not EPA's intent to prohibit the proper decontamination 
operation for PCB-laden transformers. The intent of this requirement in 
the HSC NESHAP is to reduce the amount of solvent loss due to improper 
cleaning of absorbent materials, such as rags and cloths. The EPA has 
reviewed the requirements in an example permit of a facility conducting 
decontamination of these transformers and concluded that TSCA permits 
should adequately ensure that the intent of the HSC NESHAP is met for 
these operations. For example, these permits have sufficient 
requirements for proper draining and disposal of the transformers. 
Therefore, EPA is adding an exclusion for cleaning absorbent materials 
in PCB-laden transformers, in compliance with a permit issued under 
TSCA, in this direct final rule.

B. What Changes Impact My Steam-Heated Vapor Cleaning Machines?

    Steam-heated vapor cleaning machines will no longer be required to 
have a device that shuts off the sump heat if the liquid level drops to 
the sump heater coils (Sec. 63.463(a)(4)). This requirement was 
included in the HSC NESHAP for all machines. However, since the 
promulgation of the HSC NESHAP, EPA has determined that this device is 
not necessary for steam-heated machines.
    The lowest decomposition temperature of the chlorinated solvents 
subject to this rule is 788 degrees Fahrenheit (420 degrees Celsius). A 
steam-heated unit will never heat the solvent to 788 degrees Fahrenheit 
(420 degrees Celsius). Therefore, a switch that turns off the sump heat 
when the solvent layer reaches the heating coils is an unnecessary 
expense. Consequently, the requirement for low-level sump turn-off 
switches has been removed for steam-heated solvent cleaning machines.

IV. Impacts

    The changes contained in this direct final rule are corrections, 
clarifications, and equivalent compliance alternatives and do not 
change the intended coverage of the HSC NESHAP (subpart T). These 
changes will not affect the estimated emission reductions or the

[[Page 45192]]

control costs for these rules. These clarifications and corrections 
should make it easier for owners and operators of affected sources, and 
for local and State authorities, to understand and implement the 
requirements in subpart T. The equivalent compliance alternatives will 
make it possible for owners and operators of continuous web cleaning 
machines to comply with all requirements of subpart T.

V. Administrative Requirements

A. Docket

    The docket number for this rulemaking is A-92-39. The docket is an 
organized and complete file of information compiled by the EPA in the 
development of this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file because 
material is added throughout the rulemaking development. The docketing 
system is intended to allow members of the public and industries 
involved to readily identify and locate documents so that they can 
effectively participate in the rulemaking process. Along with the 
proposed and promulgated standards and their preambles, the docket 
contains the record in the case of judicial review. (See section 
307(d)(7)(A) of the Clean Air Act.)

B. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the EPA 
must submit significant regulatory actions to the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) for review. The Executive Order defines ``significant 
regulatory action'' as one that OMB determines is likely to result in a 
rule that may:
    (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or 
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities;
    (2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an 
action taken or planned by another agency;
    (3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, 
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligations of 
recipients thereof; or
    (4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal 
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in 
the Executive Order.
    It has been determined that this direct final rule does not qualify 
as a ``significant regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive 
Order 12866 and, therefore, is not subject to review by OMB.

C. Executive Order 12875: Enhancing Intergovernmental Partnerships

    Under Executive Order 12875, the EPA may not issue a regulation 
that is not required by statute and that creates a mandate upon a 
State, local, or tribal government unless the Federal government 
provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance costs 
incurred by those governments or the EPA consults with those 
governments. If the EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 12875 
requires the EPA to provide to OMB a description of the extent of the 
EPA's prior consultation with representatives of affected State, local, 
and tribal governments, the nature of their concerns, copies of any 
written communications from the governments, and a statement supporting 
the need to issue the regulation. In addition, Executive Order 12875 
requires the EPA to develop an effective process permitting elected 
officials and other representatives of State, local, and tribal 
governments ``to provide meaningful and timely input in the development 
of regulatory proposals containing significant unfunded mandates.''
    Today's direct final rule does not create a mandate on State, 
local, or tribal governments. This direct final rule does not impose 
any enforceable duties on these entities. Accordingly, the requirements 
of section 1(a) of Executive Order 12875 do not apply to this direct 
final rule.

D. Executive Order 13084: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    Under Executive Order 13084, the EPA may not issue a regulation 
that is not required by statute, that significantly or uniquely affects 
the communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes 
substantial direct compliance costs on those communities unless the 
Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct 
compliance costs incurred by the tribal governments or the EPA consults 
with those governments. If the EPA complies by consulting, Executive 
Order 13084 requires the EPA to provide to OMB, in a separately 
identified section of the preamble to the rule, a description of the 
extent of the EPA's prior consultation with representatives of affected 
tribal governments, a summary of the nature of their concerns, and a 
statement supporting the need to issue the regulation. In addition, 
Executive Order 13084 requires the EPA to develop an effective process 
permitting elected officials and other representatives of Indian tribal 
governments ``to provide meaningful and timely input in the development 
of regulatory policies on matters that significantly or uniquely affect 
their communities.''
    This direct final rule does not impose any duties or compliance 
costs on Indian tribal governments. Further, the direct final rule 
provided herein does not significantly alter the control standards 
imposed by the HSC NESHAP for any source, including any that may affect 
communities of the Indian tribal governments. Hence, today's direct 
final rule does not significantly or uniquely affect the communities of 
Indian tribal governments. Accordingly, the requirements of section 
3(b) of Executive Order 13084 do not apply to this direct final rule.

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) of 1995, Public 
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal 
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, the 
EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-
benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal 
mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 
million or more in any 1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for 
which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally 
requires the EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of 
regulatory alternatives and adopt the least costly, most cost-
effective, or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives 
of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are 
inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, section 205 allows the EPA 
to adopt an alternative other than the least costly, most cost-
effective, or least burdensome alternative if the Administrator 
publishes with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was 
not adopted. Before the EPA establishes any regulatory requirements 
that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including 
tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the 
UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for 
notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of 
affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the 
development of the EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal 
intergovernmental mandates, and

[[Page 45193]]

informing, educating, and advising small governments on compliance with 
the regulatory requirements.
    The EPA has determined that this direct final rule does not include 
a Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of $100 million or 
more to either State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate or 
to the private sector in any 1 year, and that this direct final rule 
does not significantly or uniquely impact small governments, because it 
contains no requirements that apply to such governments or impose 
obligations upon them. The EPA has not prepared a budgetary impact 
statement or specifically addressed the selection of the least costly, 
most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative. In addition, 
because small governments will not be significantly or uniquely 
affected by this rule, the EPA is not required to develop a plan with 
regard to small governments. Therefore, the requirements of the UMRA do 
not apply to this direct final rule.

F. Regulatory Flexibility/Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 
Fairness Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (5 U.S.C. 601, et seq.), as 
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act 
(SBREFA) of 1996, requires the EPA to give special consideration to the 
effect of Federal regulations on small entities and to consider 
regulatory options that might mitigate any such impacts. The EPA must 
prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis unless the EPA certifies that 
the rule will not have a ``significant impact on a substantial number 
of small entities.'' Small entities include small businesses, small 
not-for-profit enterprises, and small government jurisdictions.
    This direct final rule would not have a significant impact on a 
substantial number of small entities because it clarifies and makes 
corrections to the promulgated HSC NESHAP, but imposes no additional 
regulatory requirements on owners or operators of affected sources.

G. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection request (ICR) was submitted to the OMB 
under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq.) at the time 
this rule was originally promulgated. The amendments to the HSC NESHAP 
contained in this direct final rule will have no impact on the 
information collection burden estimates made previously. Therefore, the 
ICR has not been revised.

H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies 
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant'' 
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an 
environmental health or safety risk that the EPA has reason to believe 
may have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory 
action meets both criteria, the EPA must evaluate the environmental 
health or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain 
why the planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective 
and reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the EPA.
    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, so that 
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has 
the potential to influence the regulation. This direct final rule is 
not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is not an 
``economically significant'' regulatory action as defined by Executive 
Order 12866, and it is based on technology performance rather than 
health or risks that may disproportionately affect children.

I. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General

    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801, et seq., as added by 
the SBREFA of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take 
effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, 
which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to 
the Comptroller General of the United States. The EPA will submit a 
report containing this direct final rule and other required information 
to the United States Senate, the United States House of 
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior 
to publication of this direct final rule in the Federal Register. A 
major rule cannot take effect until 60 days after it is published in 
the Federal Register. This direct final rule is not a ``major rule'' as 
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act (NTTAA) of 1995, Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 
note), directs the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its 
regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with 
applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards 
are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, 
sampling procedures, business practices, etc.) that are developed or 
adopted by one or more voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA 
requires the EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, with explanations 
when the EPA decides not to use available and applicable voluntary 
consensus standards.
    This action does not involve the proposal of any new technical 
standards. The EPA welcomes comments on this aspect of the direct final 
rule and, specifically, invites the public to identify potentially 
applicable voluntary consensus standards and to explain why such 
standards should be used in this regulation.
    As part of a larger effort, the EPA is undertaking a project to 
cross-reference existing voluntary consensus standards on testing, 
sampling, and analysis with current and future EPA test methods. When 
completed, this project will assist the EPA in identifying potentially 
applicable voluntary consensus standards which can then be evaluated 
for equivalency and applicability in determining compliance with future 
regulations.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Continuous web 
cleaning, Film cleaning, Halogenated solvent cleaning machines, 
Hazardous substances.

    Dated: August 6, 1999.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
    For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, chapter I of the 
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows.

PART 63--NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS 
FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES

    1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

Subpart T--National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent 
Cleaning

    2. Amend Sec. 63.461 by adding, in alphabetical order, definitions 
for ``air knife system,'' ``remote reservoir continuous web cleaning 
machine,'' ``squeegee system,'' and ``superheated

[[Page 45194]]

part technology,'' and by revising the definition of ``continuous web 
cleaning machine'' to read as follows:


Sec. 63.461  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Air knife system means a device that directs forced air at high 
pressure, high volume, or a combination of high pressure and high 
volume, through a small opening directly at the surface of a continuous 
web part. The purpose of this system is to remove the solvent film from 
the surfaces of the continuous web part.
* * * * *
    Continuous web cleaning machine means a solvent cleaning machine in 
which parts such as film, coils, wire, and metal strips are cleaned at 
speeds in excess of 11 feet per minute. Parts are generally uncoiled, 
cleaned such that the same part is simultaneously entering and exiting 
the solvent application area of the solvent cleaning machine, and then 
recoiled or cut. For the purposes of this subpart, all continuous web 
cleaning machines are considered to be a subset of in-line solvent 
cleaning machines.
* * * * *
    Remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machine means a continuous 
web cleaning machine in which there is no exposed solvent sump. In 
these units, the solvent is pumped from an enclosed chamber and is 
typically applied to the continuous web part through a nozzle or series 
of nozzles. The solvent then drains from the part and is collected and 
recycled through the sump, allowing no solvent to pool in the work or 
cleaning area.
* * * * *
    Squeegee system means a system that uses a series of pliable 
surfaces to remove the solvent film from the surfaces of the continuous 
web part. These pliable surfaces, called squeegees, are typically made 
of rubber or plastic media, and need to be periodically replaced to 
ensure continued proper function.
* * * * *
    Superheated part technology means a system that is part of the 
continuous web cleaning process that heats the continuous web part 
either directly or indirectly to a temperature above the boiling point 
of the cleaning solvent. This could include a process step, such as a 
tooling die that heats the part as it is processed, as long as the part 
remains superheated through the cleaning machine.
* * * * *
    3. Amend Sec. 63.462 by revising paragraphs (c) introductory text 
and (c)(8) and adding paragraph (c)(9) to read as follows:


Sec. 63.462  Batch cold cleaning machine standards.

* * * * *
    (c) Each owner or operator of a batch cold solvent cleaning machine 
complying with paragraphs (a)(2) or (b) of this section shall comply 
with the work and operational practice requirements specified in 
paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(9) of this section, as applicable.
* * * * *
    (8) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(9) of this section, 
sponges, fabric, wood, and paper products shall not be cleaned.
    (9) The prohibition in paragraph (c)(8) of this section does not 
apply to the cleaning of porous materials that are part of 
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) laden transformers if those transformers 
are handled throughout the cleaning process, and disposed of in 
compliance with an approved PCB disposal permit issued in accordance 
with the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
* * * * *
    4. Amend Sec. 63.463 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text, 
(c) introductory text, (d) introductory text, (e) introductory text and 
(e)(2) introductory text, and by adding paragraphs (e)(2)(viii) through 
(e)(2)(x) and paragraph (g) to read as follows:


Sec. 63.463  Batch vapor and in-line cleaning machine standards.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464 for all cleaning machines and 
in paragraph (g)(3) of this section for continuous web cleaning 
machines, each owner or operator of a solvent cleaning machine subject 
to the provisions of this subpart shall ensure that each existing or 
new batch vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine subject to the 
provisions of this subpart conforms to the design requirements 
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this section.
* * * * *
    (c) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464 for all cleaning machines and 
in paragraph (g)(3) of this section for continuous web cleaning 
machines, each owner or operator of an existing or new in-line solvent 
cleaning machine shall comply with paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this 
section as appropriate. The owner or operator of a continuous web 
cleaning machine shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (g) in 
lieu of complying with this paragraph.
* * * * *
    (d) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464 for all cleaning machines and 
in paragraph (g)(3) of this section for continuous web cleaning 
machines, each owner or operator of an existing or new batch vapor or 
in-line solvent cleaning machine shall meet all of the following 
required work and operational practices specified in paragraphs (d)(1) 
through (d)(12) of this section, as applicable.
* * * * *
    (e) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(4) of this section, each 
owner or operator of a solvent cleaning machine complying with 
paragraph (b), (c), or (g) of this section shall comply with the 
requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this 
section.
* * * * *
    (2) Determine during each monitoring period whether each control 
device used to comply with these standards meets the requirements 
specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (e)(2)(x) of this section.
* * * * *
    (viii) If a superheated part system is used to comply with the 
standards for continuous web cleaning machines in paragraph (g) of this 
section, the owner or operator shall ensure that the temperature of the 
continuous web part is at least 10 degrees Fahrenheit above the solvent 
boiling point while the part is traveling through the cleaning machine.
    (ix) If a squeegee system is used to comply with the continuous web 
cleaning requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(iii) of this section, the 
owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements.
    (A) Determine the appropriate maximum product throughput for the 
squeegees used in the squeegee system, as described in Sec. 63.465(f).
    (B) Conduct the weekly monitoring required by Sec. 63.466(a)(3). 
Record both the results of the visual inspection and the length of 
continuous web product cleaned during the previous week.
    (C) Calculate the total amount of continuous web product processed 
since the squeegees were replaced and compare to the maximum product 
throughput for the squeegees.
    (D) Ensure squeegees are replaced no later than when the maximum 
product throughput is attained.
    (E) Redetermine the maximum product throughput for the squeegees if 
any solvent film is visible on the continuous web part immediately 
after it exits the cleaning machine.
    (x) If an air knife system is used to comply with the continuous 
web cleaning requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(iii) of this section, the 
owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements.

[[Page 45195]]

    (A) Determine the air knife parameter and parameter value that 
demonstrates to the Administrator's satisfaction that the air knife is 
properly operating. An air knife is properly operating if no visible 
solvent film remains on the continuous web part after it exits the 
cleaning machine.
    (B) Maintain the selected air knife parameter value at the level 
determined in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (C) Conduct the weekly monitoring required by Sec. 63.466(a)(3).
    (D) Redetermine the proper (air knife parameter) value if any 
solvent film is visible on the continuous web part immediately after it 
exits the cleaning machine.
    (f) * * *
    (g) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464, each owner or operator of a 
continuous web cleaning machine shall comply with paragraphs (g)(1) 
through (g)(4) of this section for each continuous web cleaning 
machine.
    (1) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(2) of this section, 
install, maintain, and operate one of the following control 
combinations on each continuous web cleaning machine.
    (i) For each existing continuous web cleaning machine, the 
following control combinations are allowed:
    (A) Superheated vapor or superheated part technology; and a 
freeboard ratio of 1.0 or greater.
    (B) Freeboard refrigeration device; and a freeboard ratio of 1.0 or 
greater.
    (C) Carbon adsorption system.
    (ii) For each new continuous web cleaning machine, the following 
control combinations are allowed:
    (A) Superheated vapor or superheated part technology; and a 
freeboard refrigeration device.
    (B) A freeboard refrigeration device and a carbon adsorber.
    (C) Superheated vapor or superheated part technology; and a carbon 
adsorber.
    (2) If a carbon adsorber system can be demonstrated to the 
Administrator's satisfaction to have an overall control efficiency 
(i.e., capture efficiency times removal efficiency) of 70 percent or 
greater, this system is equivalent to the options in paragraph (g) of 
this section. A system that is demonstrated to have an overall control 
efficiency of 70 percent or greater can be used in lieu of the control 
combinations in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
    (3) In lieu of complying with the provisions of Sec. 63.463(a), the 
owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine shall comply 
with the following provisions:
    (i) Each cleaning machine shall be designed or operated to meet one 
of the following control equipment or technique requirements:
    (A) An idling and downtime mode cover, as described in 
Sec. 63.463(d)(1)(i), that may be readily opened or closed, that 
completely covers the cleaning machine openings when in place, and is 
free of cracks, holes, and other defects.
    (B) A reduced room draft as described in Sec. 63.463(e)(2)(ii).
    (C) Gasketed or leakproof doors that separate both the continuous 
web part feed reel and take-up reel from the room atmosphere if the 
doors are checked according to the requirements of Sec. 63.463(e)(iii).
    (ii) Each continuous web cleaning machine shall have a freeboard 
ratio of 0.75 or greater unless that cleaning machine is a remote 
reservoir continuous web cleaning machine.
    (iii) Each cleaning machine shall have an automated parts handling 
system capable of moving parts or parts baskets at a speed of 3.4 
meters per minute (11 feet per minute) or less from the initial loading 
of parts through removal of cleaned parts unless the cleaning machine 
is a continuous web cleaning machine that has a squeegee system or air 
knife system installed, maintained, and operated on the continuous web 
cleaning machine meeting the requirements of Sec. 63.463(e).
    (iv) Each vapor cleaning machine shall be equipped with a device 
that shuts off the sump heat if the sump liquid solvent level drops to 
the sump heater coils.
    (v) Each vapor cleaning machine shall be equipped with a vapor 
level control device that shuts off sump heat if the vapor level in the 
vapor cleaning machine rises above the height of the primary condenser.
    (vi) Each vapor cleaning machine shall have a primary condenser.
    (vii) Each cleaning machine that uses a lip exhaust shall be 
designed and operated to route all collected solvent vapors through a 
properly operated and maintained carbon adsorber that meets the 
requirements of Sec. 63.463(e)(2)(ii).
    (4) In lieu of complying with the provisions of Sec. 63.463(d), the 
owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine shall comply 
with the following provisions:
    (i) Control air disturbances across the cleaning machine opening(s) 
by incorporating one of the following pieces of control equipment or 
techniques:
    (A) Cover(s) to each solvent cleaning machine shall be in place 
during the idling mode and during the downtime mode unless either the 
solvent has been removed from the machine or maintenance or monitoring 
is being performed that requires the cover(s) in place.
    (B) A reduced room draft as described in Sec. 63.463(e)(2)(ii).
    (C) Gasketed or leakproof doors or covers that separate both the 
continuous web part feed reel and take-up reel from the room atmosphere 
if the doors are checked according to the requirements of 
Sec. 63.463(e)(iii).
    (ii) Any spraying operations shall be conducted in a section of the 
solvent cleaning machine that is not directly exposed to the ambient 
air (i.e., a baffled or enclosed area of the solvent cleaning machine) 
or within a machine having a door or cover that meets the requirements 
of paragraph (g)(4)(i)(C) of this section.
    (iii) During start-up of each vapor cleaning machine, the primary 
condenser shall be turned on before the sump heater.
    (iv) During shutdown of each vapor cleaning machine, the sump 
heater shall be turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to 
collapse before the primary condenser is turned off.
    (v) When solvent is added or drained from any solvent cleaning 
machine, the solvent shall be transferred using threaded or other 
leakproof couplings and the end of the pipe in the solvent sump shall 
be located beneath the liquid solvent surface.
    (vi) Each solvent cleaning machine and associated controls shall be 
maintained as recommended by the manufacturers of the equipment or 
using alternative maintenance practices that have been demonstrated to 
the Administrator's satisfaction to achieve the same or better results 
as those recommended by the manufacturer.
    (vii) Waste solvent, still bottoms, sump bottoms, and waste 
absorbent materials used in the cleaning process for continuous web 
cleaning machines shall be collected and stored in waste containers. 
The closed containers may contain a device that would allow pressure 
relief, but would not allow liquid solvent to drain from the container.
    (viii) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(4)(ix) of this section, 
sponges, fabric, wood, and paper products shall not be cleaned.
    (ix) The prohibition in paragraph (g)(4)(viii) does not apply to 
absorbent materials that are used as part of the cleaning process of 
continuous web cleaning machines, including rollers and roller covers.
    5. Amend Sec. 63.465 by adding paragraph (f) to read as follows:


Sec. 63.465  Test methods.

* * * * *
    (f) Each owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine 
using

[[Page 45196]]

a squeegee system to comply with Sec. 63.463(g)(3) shall determine the 
maximum product throughput using the method in this paragraph. The 
maximum product throughput for each squeegee type used at a facility 
must be determined prior to December 2, 1999, the compliance date for 
these units.
    (1) Conduct daily visual inspections of the continuous web part. 
This monitoring shall be conducted at the point where the continuous 
web part exits the squeegee system. It is not necessary for the 
squeegees to be new at the time monitoring is begun if the following 
two conditions are met:
    (i) The continuous web part leaving the squeegee system has no 
visible solvent film.
    (ii) The amount of continuous web that has been processed through 
the squeegees since the last replacement is known.
    (2) Continue daily monitoring until a visible solvent film is noted 
on the continuous web part.
    (3) Determine the length of continuous web product that has been 
cleaned using the squeegee since it was installed.
    (4) The maximum product throughput for the purposes of this section 
is equal to the time it takes to clean 95 percent of the length of 
product determined in paragraph (f)(3) of this section. This time 
period, in days, may vary depending on the amount of continuous web 
product cleaned each day.
* * * * *
    6. Amend Sec. 63.466 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text 
and adding paragraphs (a)(3) through (a)(5) to read as follows:


Sec. 63.466  Monitoring procedures.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, each owner 
or operator of a batch vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine 
complying with the equipment standards in Sec. 63.463(b)(1)(i), 
(b)(2)(i), (c)(1)(i), (c)(2)(i), (g)(1), or (g)(2) shall conduct 
monitoring and record the results on a weekly basis for the control 
devices, as appropriate, specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) 
of this section.
* * * * *
    (3) If a squeegee system or air knife system is used to comply with 
the requirements of Sec. 63.463(g), the owner or operator shall 
visually inspect the continuous web part exiting the solvent cleaning 
machine to ensure that no solvent film is visible on the part.
    (4) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, if a 
superheated part system is used to comply with the requirements of 
Sec. 63.463(g), the owner or operator shall use a thermometer, 
thermocouple, or other temperature measurement device to measure the 
temperature of the continuous web part while it is in the solvent 
cleaning machine. This measurement can also be taken at the exit of the 
solvent cleaning machine.
    (5) As an alternative to complying with paragraph (a)(4) of this 
section, the owner or operator can provide data, sufficient to satisfy 
the Administrator, that demonstrate that the part temperature remains 
above the boiling point of the solvent at all times that the part is 
within the continuous web solvent cleaning machine. These data could 
include design and operating conditions such as information supporting 
any exothermic reaction inherent in the processing.
* * * * *
    7. Amend Sec. 63.467 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text 
and adding paragraphs (a)(6) and (a)(7) to read as follows:


Sec. 63.467  Recordkeeping requirements.

    (a) Each owner or operator of a batch vapor or in-line solvent 
cleaning machine complying with the provisions of Sec. 63.463 shall 
maintain records in written or electronic form specified in paragraphs 
(a)(1) through (a)(7) of this section for the lifetime of the machine.
* * * * *
    (6) If a squeegee system is used to comply with these standards, 
records of the test required by Sec. 63.466(f) to determine the maximum 
product throughput for the squeegees.
    (7) If an air knife system is used to comply with these standards, 
records of the determination of the proper operating parameter and 
parameter value for the air knife system.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 99-20861 Filed 8-18-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P