[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 73 (Friday, April 16, 1999)]
[Notices]
[Pages 18984-18989]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-9529]



[[Page 18983]]

_______________________________________________________________________

Part III





Office of Management and Budget





_______________________________________________________________________



Economic Classification Policy Committee; Initiative To Create a 
Product Classification System, Phase I: Exploratory Effort To Classify 
Service Products; Notice

  Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 73 / Friday, April 16, 1999 / 
Notices  

[[Page 18984]]



OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET


Economic Classification Policy Committee; Initiative To Create a 
Product Classification System, Phase I: Exploratory Effort To Classify 
Service Products

AGENCY: Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the 
President.

ACTION: Proposed development of a comprehensive and integrated North 
American product classification system.

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SUMMARY: Under Title 44 U.S.C. 3504(e), the Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB), through its Economic Classification Policy Committee 
(ECPC), is seeking public comment on the proposed development of a 
comprehensive classification system for products produced by North 
American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industries. The ECPC 
proposes, over the long term, to develop a comprehensive and integrated 
North American Product Classification System for the products produced 
by industries classified under the North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) and, over the short term, to explore the 
feasibility of identifying and classifying products produced by 
selected NAICS service industries. The ECPC is particularly seeking 
proposals for an initial identification of the service products created 
by industries in selected service sectors as well as comments on 
related discussions of needs and uses for product data, guiding 
principles for the product classification development, and organization 
and tasks of the product classification committees. In addition, the 
ECPC is seeking information sources in the academic and business 
communities that can be used by the classification committees to 
identify the products created by the service industries included in 
Phase I (see Industry Appendix).

DATES: To ensure consideration, all comments on the development of a 
product classification system and proposals for products must be 
received electronically or in writing no later than June 15, 1999.

ADDRESSES: Please send comments and proposals for products 
electronically either by e-mail to [email protected] or by 
using the response form found on www.census.gov/products. Proposals may 
also be mailed to Michael F. Mohr, Coordinator, ECPC Initiative to 
Classify Service Products, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of 
Commerce, Room 2633-3, Washington, DC 20233, telephone number (301) 
457-2589, FAX (301) 457-1536. Proposals will become part of the library 
of background information to guide the work of the classification 
committees. All comments and proposals received in response to this 
notice will be available for public inspection at the Bureau of the 
Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, 4700 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, 
MD 20233. Please telephone the Bureau of the Census at (301) 457-2589 
to make an appointment. Those making proposals will be notified 
directly of action taken by the ECPC.
    Those wishing to identify information sources for the service 
industries included in Phase I should do so either through the web site 
at www.census.gov/products, or by e-mail to 
[email protected], or by contacting Michael F. Mohr, 
Coordinator, ECPC Initiative to Classify Service Products, Bureau of 
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Room 2633-3, Washington, DC 
20233, telephone number (301) 457-2589, FAX (301) 457-1536.
    Web Page: A Web Page for the product classification initiative can 
be found at www.census.gov/products. This site provides extensive 
information on, and will report news about, the initiative; it also 
provides a structured medium through which interested parties can 
participate electronically in Phase I by identifying information 
sources and submitting proposals for the products produced by the 
covered service industries.
    Electronic Availability: This document is available on the World 
Wide Web from the Census Bureau at the address <http://www.census.gov/
products> under the listing Federal Register Notice. This document is 
also available via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) at the address 
. A more 
comprehensive treatment of the subject matter contained in this notice 
is provided in a Discussion Paper that is also available electronically 
at the foregoing addresses. Copies of the NAICS manual referenced in 
this notice can be ordered from the National Technical Information 
Service at the address <http://www.ntis.gov/naics> or (800) 553-6847.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Parties wishing further information on 
the work described in this notice should contact Michael F. Mohr, 
Coordinator: ECPC Initiative to Classify Service Products, Bureau of 
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Room 2633-3, Washington, DC 
20233, e-mail [email protected], telephone number (301) 
457-2589, FAX (301) 457-1536.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    In a Federal Register notice of July 26, 1994 (59 FR 38092-38096), 
OMB announced that the ECPC had agreed to work in concert with Mexico's 
Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica (INEGI) and 
Statistics Canada to develop a new and common industry classification 
system--the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)--that 
would replace the existing system used in the United States, the 
Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC). Final agreement on 
NAICS was announced in a Federal Register notice of April 9, 1997 (62 
FR 17287-17337). This agreement resulted in the publication in 1998 of 
the new North American Industry Classification System, United States, 
1997 manual.
    In addition to announcing the development of NAICS, the 1994 
Federal Register notice also indicated that each country would provide 
product data compiled within the framework of its respective 
statistical system, to meet the need for such information. Recognizing 
the increasing international trade in goods and services, each country 
envisaged working cooperatively to help improve existing commodity 
classification systems, including the Harmonized System (HS) of the 
Customs Cooperation Council and the United Nations' Provisional Central 
Product Classification System (CPC) for services.1 In 
particular, the three countries agreed that such cooperation would 
entail coordinating their product classification efforts and keeping 
each other informed of proposals for change in this area. Integral to 
the product classification accord was a common recognition by the 
statistical agencies of the three countries that ``market-oriented, or 
demand-based, groupings of economic data are required for many 
purposes, including studies of market share, demand for goods and 
services, import competition in domestic markets and similar studies.'' 
2
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    \1\ The provisional CPC has since been replaced by version 1.0; 
see United Nations [1998].
    \2\ See Economic Classification Policy Committee [1994], 59 FR 
38094.
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    In recognition of the product classification accord, the ECPC 
committed to expanding the list of commodities and services that would 
be available from the 1997 Economic Censuses. The ECPC also established 
two product code task forces to

[[Page 18985]]

implement this commitment--the Investment Goods Product Code Task Force 
and the Service Product Code Task Force. Although preliminary work on 
service products classification began in 1993, that work was 
subsequently terminated because the total restructuring of the industry 
classification system consumed all available resources within the 
statistical agencies.3
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    \3\ Nonetheless, the ECPC's product classification objectives 
with respect to investment goods were largely achieved.
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    Having now largely accomplished the industry classification 
objectives for NAICS, the ECPC is announcing a new initiative to 
develop a comprehensive classification system for the products produced 
by NAICS industries. This initiative will be conducted as a joint 
effort by Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The long-term 
objective of the joint initiative is to develop a market-oriented/
demand-based classification system for products that: (a) Is not 
industry-of-origin based but can be linked to the NAICS industry 
structure, (b) is consistent across the three NAICS countries, and (c) 
promotes improvements in the identification and classification of 
service products across international classification systems, such as 
the Central Product Classification System of the United Nations.

Product Classification System Initiative

    The ECPC anticipates that the initiative to classify service 
products will be a comprehensive effort that addresses both the 
conceptual issues and the data collection issues necessary to ensure 
that the system is conceptually sound, feasible to implement, and 
relevant to analytical and operational objectives. The initiative will 
be implemented in two phases. An interim, or exploratory, phase to be 
launched in early 1999 and completed during 2000 (Phase I), will 
develop preliminary product classifications for a subset of NAICS 
service industries. These results will be incorporated in the 2002 
Economic Census and related programs. A second, or final, phase of this 
initiative will be launched after the 2002 Economic Census. Exploiting 
the lessons and insights gained from the deliberations of Phase I and 
the data collection activities of the 2002 Economic Census, this phase 
(Phase II) will develop a complete and fully integrated product 
classification system that extends to all NAICS industries. The results 
of Phase II will be incorporated in the 2007 Economic Census and 
related programs.
    In undertaking this effort, the ECPC recognizes that the 
development of even a preliminary classification system for selected 
service products will be a complex endeavor that will tax the expertise 
of the statistical agencies which currently lack familiarity with how 
industry produces these service products. Accordingly, the ECPC is 
actively seeking information sources in the academic and business 
communities that can be used by the classification committees to 
identify the products created by the service industries included in 
Phase I (see Industry Appendix). Commentors who wish to provide such 
information should refer to the ADDRESSES section of this notice.
    The ECPC is seeking proposals for the initial identification of 
service products as well as comments on the discussion of needs and 
uses and guiding principles for the product classification, and the 
organization and tasks of the classification committees. In accordance 
with the proposed classification development process outlined below, 
the ECPC requests that respondents to this notice support their 
proposals for the identification and definition of service products for 
service industries included in Phase I of this initiative with 
documentation that provides information to support the following tasks:
    1. Developing a model/description of the production process for 
each industry;
    2. Identifying/defining the final products sold by each industry;
    3. Developing formal definitions for the identified products; and
    4. Proposing suggestions for organizing the products identified for 
each sector into a market-oriented classification system that will 
allow users to:
    a. identify the quantity and price(s) of each product produced by 
each industry,
    b. aggregate common products across all industries, and
    c. group and aggregate products in a manner that satisfies the 
demand-side classification framework adopted by the three NAICS 
countries.

Phase I: Classification of Service Products

    The first or interim phase of the initiative proposes to identify 
and classify the products produced by the industries in four NAICS 
service sectors--Information (Sector 51); Finance and Insurance (Sector 
52) except Insurance (Subsector 524); Professional, Scientific, and 
Technical Services (Sector 54); and Administrative and Support, Waste 
Management and Remediation Services (Sector 56).\4\
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    \4\ In addition to these four sectors, NAICS service sectors 
also include: Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (Sector 53); 
Management of Companies and Enterprises (Sector 55); Educational 
Services (Sector 61); Health Care and Social Assistance (Sector 62); 
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (Sector 71); Accommodation and 
Food Services (Sector 72); and Other Services (except Public 
Administration) (Sector 81).
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Needs and Uses

    There are two reasons for the focus on services in Phase I. First, 
the value of final production produced by industries included in NAICS 
service sectors now accounts for about 45 percent of private sector 
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the U.S., and these sectors include 
some of the fastest growing segments of the economy, such as computer 
services, communications, management consulting, temporary help 
services, and health services. Second, despite its importance in the 
overall private economy, the U.S. currently has no product 
classification system for service industries. In contrast, the Census 
Bureau has been collecting product-level data for manufacturing 
industries since at least the 1899 Census of Manufactures; by 1939 it 
was collecting data for approximately 6,400 manufactured products. 
Moreover, the Census Bureau has had a published list of manufactured 
products and product codes since 1947--the Numerical List of 
Manufactured and Mineral Products, which has been revised and updated 
every five years (in conjunction with the economic censuses). By 1967 
the list of manufactured products had grown to 10,500, but more than 
12,000 products were included under the NAICS classification system for 
the 1997 Economic Census.
    The collection of product data for these manufactured products by 
the Census Bureau and the collection of associated producer price data 
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) have long provided national 
accountants and researchers with the information necessary to estimate, 
monitor, and analyze the growth in real output, prices, productivity, 
international trade, and competitiveness in the manufacturing sector. 
In turn, these manufacturing estimates and analyses have long served to 
influence and guide the formulation of government policies, including 
industrial, international trade, fiscal, and monetary policies. And, 
within the business community, Census Bureau tabulations of the 
detailed products made and used by manufacturers have been highly 
valued and much utilized, as a reliable and

[[Page 18986]]

comprehensive source of information on trends and new developments in 
the product markets in which businesses operate and compete.
    Over the last several decades, however, the share of U.S. national 
output derived from service sector industries has grown to exceed the 
share derived from manufacturing and all other goods-producing sectors 
combined. Moreover, that share seems certain to grow over the long-term 
and, perhaps, accelerate its pace. In recognition of this profound 
structural change, the ECPC believes it is critical to provide the 
business and economics community `` business analysts, policy makers, 
researchers, and statistical agencies `` with the kind of 
comprehensive, well-organized data on the products produced by service 
industries that presently exist for the products produced by 
manufacturing and other goods-producing industries.
    Thus, the overriding objective of Phase I of the initiative is to 
systematically explore the development of a formal classification 
system for service products that can be used throughout the public and 
private communities of users to coordinate the collection, tabulation, 
and analysis of data on the value of the detailed products sold or 
produced for final consumption by selected service industries and on 
the prices charged for those products. Although preliminary, the 
results from Phase I will be available to guide the collection of data 
for service products in the affected industries during the 2002 
Economic Census. In contrast to Phase I, the ultimate objective of 
Phase II of the initiative will be to develop an agreed-upon, 
integrated, and comprehensive list of products, product definitions, 
and product codes that (1) encompasses the products of both goods-and 
service-producing industries alike and (2) accommodates a demand-side/
market-oriented classification framework for grouping and aggregating 
these products.

Guiding Principles

    The ECPC is proposing three general principles to guide the overall 
process of classifying the products produced by industries:
    1. An understanding of the production process of the reporting 
units included in the respective industries is a required first 
principle for identifying and defining the product(s) actually produced 
for final consumption by those industries.\5\
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    \5\ The ECPC recognized the dual importance of this principle 
for classifying both service industries and the products produced by 
such industries early on; see Economic Classification Policy 
Committee [1993a], Section 6.5.
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    2. The aim of the product classification process should be to 
identify, define, and classify the final products produced and 
transacted by the reporting units within each industry. The final 
products of reporting units in an industry are those that are created 
and transacted (sold or transferred) by the reporting units to economic 
entities outside of the individual reporting units.
    3. The classification of products produced by industries should be 
based on a market-oriented, or demand-based, conceptual framework.\6\
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    \6\ This classification principle was first established in 
several papers by Triplett [1990, 1994a, and 1994b]; see also 
Economic Classification Policy Committee [1993b].
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    With respect to the first principle, the ECPC believes it is 
necessary to approach the process of product classification for 
industries from the perspective of the production process because it 
provides the necessary conceptual framework for: (a) Identifying the 
activities performed by a given industry, (b) facilitating an ordered 
consideration of information and competing hypotheses about the role of 
any products derived from those activities in the production process, 
(c) developing informed judgements about the final products produced by 
the industry, and (d) providing insights into the transaction unit that 
is appropriate and feasible for measuring the respective products and 
the reporting unit that is appropriate for collecting the data. Put 
simply, in order to satisfy the second principle, it is necessary to 
distinguish the final products produced by a given industry's 
production process from the intermediate outputs produced and consumed 
by that process. While this approach has significance for industries 
generally, it is especially important in the case of service industries 
where, in contrast to goods-producing industries such as manufacturing, 
there exists much confusion about what many service industries do and 
how they do it.
    Finally, once the products of the industries have been identified 
and defined, it is necessary to organize those products according to a 
consistent classification principle that is acceptable and useful to 
all segments of the data using community. The third principle reflects 
the ECPC's commitment to satisfy this requirement in a manner that 
reflects the consensus reached on this issue by the three NAICS 
countries. The guiding role of the third principle in classifying and 
grouping products was enunciated by Triplett [1994a, p. 6], who noted 
that a product grouping system ``should incorporate, and facilitate the 
analysis of, the relationships among products--demand relations, 
substitution relations, marketing relationships, uses by consumers or 
by other ultimate purchasers.''

Guidelines for Product Identification in Service Industries

    Identifying the final products of each industry is the first step 
in developing a product classification system. Recognizing that this 
step can be difficult for many service industries, the ECPC intends 
that private sector respondents to this Initiative and the 
classification committees will formulate proposals for the products of 
a given service industry in the context of the following definitions 
and guidelines.
     Conceptual Definition of a Service Product: A service is a 
change in the condition of a person, or a good belonging to some 
economic entity, brought about as the result of the activity of some 
other economic entity, with the approval of the first person or 
economic entity.\7\ To correctly define the product(s) of a service 
industry it is essential to specify exactly what the producer agrees to 
sell and what the customer agrees to buy. That is, a determination must 
be made of what is implicitly or explicitly ``contracted for'' when a 
transaction takes place. Further, it is important to distinguish 
between the output the industry produces and the activities carried out 
by the industry to produce the output.\8\
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    \7\ See Hill [1977, p.318].
    \8\ See Sherwood [1997, p.3].
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     Final Service Product: The final products of reporting 
units in an industry are the service products (simple, composite, or 
bundle) that are created and transacted (sold or transferred) by the 
reporting units to other reporting units, enterprises, institutions or 
persons; domestic or international.
     Types of Service Products: The final service products may 
include one or more of the following broad types: \9\
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    \9\ These service product types were suggested by Chadeau [1997, 
p.2].
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    (a) Simple service: a standard service whose real output can often 
be measured in physical units or counts; e.g., a traditional haircut or 
basic phone service.
    (b) Composite service: a product that embodies several distinct 
services that are produced together (by virtue of regulations, 
production process, safety or hygiene requirements, or industry

[[Page 18987]]

practice). The customer is not free to pick and choose among the 
several services in the composite--the consumer buys all or none; e.g., 
a conventional hotel room rental includes maid service, salon haircuts 
include shampooing, or the final product (diagnosis or course of 
treatment) created by a doctor's office visit may embody a variety of 
required diagnostic services (see related discussion in section C 
below).
    (c) Service bundle: a product containing a collection of services 
negotiated between the service provider and the customer and whose 
composition may vary by customer; e.g., traditional phone service plus 
call waiting and/or caller ID, etc., a bundle of information services 
that can be transmitted through a common medium (cable, satellite) and 
that may include voice, data and/or visual services, etc., or different 
bundles of janitorial services, or legal services, or accounting 
services, etc.
     Product Detail: Identify and define products for your 
selected industry at a level of detail that accords with prevailing 
marketing practices and record keeping practices in the industry.

Classification Committees

    Phase I of the initiative will be accomplished through the creation 
of four classification committees (one per sector) that will operate 
simultaneously and draw on the combined talent and resources of the 
Federal statistical agencies. The ECPC also will strive to provide each 
committee with consultancy support from private sector industry 
experts. The committees will implement a comprehensive product 
classification process for each NAICS service industry in the Industry 
Appendix below. The process will include:
    1. Developing a model/description of the production process for 
each industry;
    2. Identifying/defining the final products sold by each industry;
    3. Developing formal definitions for the identified products; and
    4. Proposing suggestions for organizing the products identified for 
each sector into a market-oriented classification system that will 
allow users to:
    a. identify the quantity and price(s) of each product produced by 
each industry,
    b. aggregate common products across all industries, and
    c. group and aggregate products in a manner that satisfies the 
demand-side classification framework adopted by the three NAICS 
countries.

In addition, each classification committee will consider issues related 
to the unit of measurement and to the feasibility of measuring and 
reporting data on output and prices for the products identified for the 
respective service industries, including industry record-keeping 
practices and reporting units.
Donald R. Arbuckle,
Acting Administrator and Deputy Administrator, Office of Information 
and Regulatory Affairs.

References

Chadeau A. [1997], ``Prices of Services to Enterprises,'' paper 
presented in Twelfth Meeting of Voorburg Group on Service 
Statistics, Copenhagen: Denmark, September 15-19, 1997.
Economic Classification Policy Committee [1994], ``Standard 
Industrial Classification Replacement,'' Federal Register, July 26, 
p. 38092-96.
____ [1993a], ``Issue Paper No. 6, Services Classifications,'' 
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BE-42), U.S. Department of Commerce, 
Washington, D.C., September.
____ [1993b], ``Issue Paper No. 1, Conceptual Issues,'' Federal 
Register, March 31, pp.16991-17000.
Hill, T.P. [1977], ``On Goods and Services,'' Review of Income and 
Wealth, vol. 123 (4), pp. 315-38.
Office of Management and Budget [1998], North American Industry 
Classification System, United States, 1997, Bernan Press: Lanham, 
Maryland.
____ [1997], ``1997 North American Industry Classification System--
1987 Standard Industrial Classification Replacement,'' Federal 
Register, April 9, pp. 17287-17337.
____ [1992], Economic Classification Policy Committee Charter, 
Washington: D.C., July, letter with two pages.
Sherwood, M.J. [1997], ``Output of the Property and Casualty 
Insurance Industry,'' paper (revised February 1998), presented at 
the Centre for the Study of Living Standards Conference on Service 
Sector Productivity and the Productivity Paradox, Ottawa, April 11-
12, 1997.
Triplett, J.E. [1994a], ``Economic Concepts for Economic 
Classifications, Survey of Current Business, November, pp. 45-49.
____ [1994b], ``Economic Classification in the New North American 
Industry Classification System (NAICS),'' paper presented at Seminar 
on New Directions in Statistical Methodology, Washington, DC, May 
25, 1994.
____ [1990], ``The Theory of Industrial and Occupational 
Classifications and Related Phenomena,'' in 1990 Annual Research 
Conference, Proceedings in Arlington, Virginia, March 18-21, 1990, 
by the Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC: U.S. Government 
Printing Office, pp. 9-25.
United Nations [1998], Central Product Classification (CPC), Version 
1.0, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 77, Very 1.0, Department of 
Economics and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, New York.

Industry Appendix--U.S. Industries Arranged by NAICS Sectors, 
Subsectors, and Industry Groups

51  INFORMATION

511  Publishing Industries

5111  Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Database Publishers
51111  Newspaper Publishers
51112  Periodical Publishers
51113  Book Publishers
51114  Database and Directory Publishers
51119  Other Publishers
511191  Greeting Card Publishers
511199  All Other Publishers

5112   Software Publishers

51121   Software Publishers

512  Motion Picture & Sound Recording Industries

5121  Motion Picture & Video Industries

51211  Motion Picture & Video Production
51212   Motion Picture & Video Distribution
51213  Motion Picture & Video Exhibition
512131  Motion Picture & Theaters (except Drive-Ins)
512132  Drive-In Motion Picture Theaters
51219  Postproduction Services and Other Motion Picture and Video 
Industries
512191  Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services
512199  Other Motion Picture and Video Industries

513  Broadcasting & Telecommunications

5131  Radio & Television Broadcasting

51311  Radio Broadcasting
513111  Radio Networks
513112  Radio Stations
51312  Television Broadcasting

5132  Cable Networks & Program Distribution

51321  Cable Networks
51322  Cable & Other Program Distribution

5133  Telecommunications

51331  Wired Telecommunications Carriers
51332   Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite)
513321  Paging
513322  Cellular & Other Wireless Telecommunications
51333  Telecommunications Resellers
51334  Satellite Telecommunications
51339  Other Telecommunications

514  Information Services & Data Processing Services

5141  Information Services

51411  News Syndicates
51412  Libraries & Archives
51419  Other Information Services
514191  On-Line Information Services
514199  All Other Information Services

5142  Data Processing Services

51421  Data Processing Services

[[Page 18988]]

52  FINANCE & INSURANCE

521  Monetary Authorities--Central Bank

5211  Monetary Authorities--Central Bank

52111  Monetary Authorities--Central Bank

522  Credit Intermediation & Related Activities

5221  Depository Credit Intermediation

52211  Commercial Banking
52212  Savings Institutions
52213  Credit Unions
52219  Other Depository Credit Intermediation

5222  Nondepository Credit Intermediation

52221  Credit Card Issuing
52222  Sales Financing
52229  Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation
522291  Consumer Lending
522292  Real Estate Credit
522293  International Trade Financing
522294  Secondary Market Financing
522298  All Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation

5223  Activities Related to Credit Intermediation

52231  Mortgage & Nonmortgage Brokers
52232  Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, & Clearinghouse 
Activities
52239  Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation

523  Securities, Commodity Contracts & Other Financial Investments & 
Related Activities

5231  Securities & Commodity Contracts Intermediation & Brokerage

52311  Investment Banking & Securities Dealing
52312  Securities Brokerage
52313  Commodity Contracts Dealing
52314  Commodity Contracts Brokerage

5232  Securities & Commodity Exchanges

52321  Securities & Commodity Exchanges

5239  Other Financial Investment Activities

52391  Miscellaneous Intermediation
52392  Portfolio Management
52393  Investment Advice
52399  All Other Financial Investment Activities
523991  Trust, Fiduciary & Custody Activities
523999  Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities

525  Funds, Trusts & Other Financial Vehicles

5251  Insurance & Employee Benefit Funds

52511  Pension Funds
52512  Health & Welfare Funds
52519  Other Insurance Funds

5259  Other Investment Pools & Funds

52591  Open-End Investment Funds
52592  Trusts, Estates & Agency Accounts
52593  Real Estate Investment Trusts
52599  Other Financial Vehicles

54  PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL SERVICES

541  Professional, Scientific & Technical Services

5411  Legal Services

54111  Offices of Lawyers
54112  Offices of Notaries
54119  Other Legal Services
541191  Title Abstract & Settlement Offices
541199  All Other Legal Services

5412  Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping & Payroll Services

54121  Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping & Payroll Services
541211  Offices of Certified Public Accountants
541213  Tax Preparation Services
541214  Payroll Services
541219  Other Accounting Services

5413  Architectural, Engineering & Related Services

54131  Architectural Services
54132  Landscape Architectural Services
54133  Engineering Services
54134  Drafting Services
54135  Building Inspection Services
54136  Geophysical Surveying & Mapping Services
54137  Surveying & Mapping (except Geophysical) Services
54138  Testing Laboratories

5414  Specialized Design Services

54141  Interior Design Services
54142  Industrial Design Services
54143  Graphic Design Services
54149  Other Specialized Design Services

5415  Computer Systems Design &Related Services

54151  Computer Systems Design & Related Services
541511  Custom Computer Programming Services
541512  Computer Systems Design Services
541513  Computer Facilities Management Services
541519  Other Computer Related Services

5416  Management, Scientific, & Technical Consulting Services

54161  Management Consulting Services
541611  Administrative Management & General Management Consulting 
Services
541612  Human Resources & Executive Search Consulting Services
541613  Marketing Consulting Services
541614  Process, Physical Distribution & Logistics Consulting 
Services
541618  Other Management Consulting Services
54162  Environmental Consulting Services
54169  Other Scientific & Technical Consulting Services

5417  Scientific Research & Development Services

54171  Research & Development in the Physical, Engineering & Life 
Sciences
54172  Research & Development in the Social Sciences & Humanities

5418  Advertising & Related Services

54181  Advertising Agencies
54182  Public Relations Agencies
54183  Media Buying Agencies
54184  Media Representatives
54185  Display Advertising
54186  Direct Mail Advertising
54187  Advertising Material Distribution Services
54189  Other Services Related to Advertising

5419  Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

54191  Marketing Research & Public Opinion Polling
54192  Photographic Services
541921  Photography Studios, Portrait
541922  Commercial Photography
54193  Translation & Interpretation Services
54194  Veterinary Services
54199  All Other Professional, Scientific & Technical Services

56  ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT AND WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION 
SERVICES

5611  Administrative & Support Services

5611  Office Administrative Services
56111  Office Administrative Services
5612  Facilities Support Services
56121  Facilities Support Services

5613  Employment Services

56131  Employment Placement Agencies
56132  Temporary Help Services
56133  Employee Leasing Services

5614  Business Support Services

56141  Document Preparation Services
56142  Telephone Call Centers
561421  Telephone Answering Services
561422  Telemarketing Bureaus
56143  Business Service Centers
561431  Private Mail Centers
561439  Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops)
56144  Collection Agencies
56145  Credit Bureaus
56149  Other Business Support Services
561491  Repossession Services
561492  Court Reporting & Stenotype Services
561499  All Other Business Support Services

5615  Travel Arrangement & Reservation Services

56151  Travel Agencies
56152  Tour Operators
56159  Other Travel Arrangement & Reservation Services
561591  Convention and Visitors Bureaus
561599  All Other Travel Arrange & Reservation Services

5616  Investigation & Security Services

56161  Investigation, Guard & Armored Car Services
561611  Investigation Services
561612  Security Guards & Patrol Services
561613  Armored Car Services
56162  Security Systems Services
561621  Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths)
561622  Locksmiths

5617  Services to Buildings & Dwellings

56171  Exterminating & Pest Control Services

[[Page 18989]]

56172  Janitorial Services
56173  Landscaping Services
56174  Carpet & Upholstery Cleaning Services
56179  Other Services to Buildings & Dwellings

5619  Other Support Services

56191  Packaging & Labeling Services
56192  Convention & Trade Show Organizers
56199  All Other Support Services

562  Waste Management & Remediation Services

5621  Waste Collection

56211  Waste Collection
562111  Solid Waste Collection
562112  Hazardous Waste Collection
562119  Other Waste Collection

5622  Waste Treatment & Disposal

56221  Waste Treatment & Disposal
562211  Hazardous Waste Treatment & Disposal
562212  Solid Waste Landfill
562213  Solid Waste Combustors & Incinerators
562219  Other Nonhazardous Waste Treatment & Disposal

5629  Remediation & Other Waste Management Services

56291  Remediation Services
56292  Materials Recovery Facilities
56299  All Other Waste Management Services
562991  Septic Tank & Related Services

562998  All Other Miscellaneous Waste Management Services
[FR Doc. 99-9529 Filed 4-15-99; 8:45 am]    
BILLING CODE 3110-01-P