[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 201 (Monday, October 19, 1998)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 55920-55929]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-27524]



[[Page 55919]]

_______________________________________________________________________

Part II





Department of Transportation





Federal Aviation Administration



_______________________________________________________________________



14 CFR Part 65



Revision of Certification Requirements: Aircraft Dispatchers; Proposed 
Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 201 / Monday, October 19, 1998 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 55920]]



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 65

[Docket No. FAA-1998-4553; Notice No. 98-14]
RIN 2120-AG04


Revision of Certification Requirements: Aircraft Dispatchers

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The FAA proposes to amend existing regulation that prescribe 
the eligibility and certification requirements for aircraft 
dispatchers. Current regulations prescribing these requirement do not 
reflect the significant technological advances that have occurred in 
the aviation industry and the enhancements in training and 
instructional methods that have affected all aircraft dispatchers. The 
proposed rule would consolidate and clarify eligibility, knowledge, 
experience, and skill requirements for aircraft dispatchers and would 
enhance the technical capabilities and increase the level of 
professionalism among aircraft dispatchers. This proposal is based on 
the work of the Dispatch Working Group of the FAA's Aviation Rulemaking 
Advisory Committee.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before February 16, 1999.

ADDRESSES: Comments on this NPRM should be mailed or delivered, in 
duplicate, to: U.S. Department of Transportation Dockets, Docket No. 
FAA-1998-4553, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Room Plaza 401, Washington, DC 
20590. Comments may also be submitted electronically to the following 
Internet address: 9-NPRM-CMTSfaa.dot.gov. Comments must be marked 
Docket No. FAA-1998-4553. Comments may be filed and/or examined in Room 
Plaza 401 weekdays between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., except on Federal 
holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Harold Johnson, DFW Flight Standards District Office, DFW Business 
Center, P.O. Box 619020, Federal Aviation Administration, DRW Airport, 
TX 75261; telephone (817) 222-5259.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Comments Invited

    Interested persons are invited to participate in the making of this 
proposed rule by submitting written data, views, or arguments, as they 
may desire. Comments relating to the environmental, energy, federalism, 
or economic impact that might result from adopting the proposals in 
this notice are also invited. Substantive comments should be 
accompanied by cost estimates, if appropriate.
    Comments should identify the regulatory docket or notice number and 
should be submitted in triplicate to the Rules Docket address specified 
above. All comments received on or before the specified closing date 
for comments will be considered by the Administrator before taking 
action on this rulemaking. The proposals contained in this notice may 
be changed in light of comments received. All comments received will be 
available both before and after the closing date, in the Rules Docket 
for examination by interested persons.
    A report summarizing each substantive contact with FAA personnel 
concerned with this rulemaking will be filed in the docket.
    Commenters wishing the FAA to acknowledge receipt of their comments 
submitted in response to this notice must include a self-addressed, 
stamped postcard on which the following statement is made: `Comments to 
Docket No. FAA-1998-4553.'' The postcard will be date stamped and 
mailed to the commenter.

Availability of the NPRM

    An electronic copy of this document may be downloaded using a modem 
and suitable communications software from the FAA regulations section 
of the Fedworld electronic bulletin board service (telephone: 703-321-
3339) or the Government Printing Office's electronic bulletin board 
service (telephone: 202-512-1661).
    Internet users may reach the FAA's web page at http://www.faa.gov 
or the Government Printing Office's webpage at http://
www.access.gpo.gov/nara for access to recently published rulemaking 
documents.
    Any person may obtain a copy of this NPRM by mail by submitting a 
request to the Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Rulemaking, 
800 Independent Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591, or by calling (202) 
267-9677. Communications must identify the notice number of this NPRM.
    Persons interested in being placed on the mailing list for future 
NPRM's should request from the FAA's Office of Rulemaking a copy of 
Advisory Circular No. 11-2A, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Distribution 
System, that describes the application procedure.

Background

    In keeping with the FAA's policy of reviewing and upgrading 
regulations to ensure that they are consistent with changes in the 
aviation environment, the FAA, with the assistance of the Aviation 
Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC) has reviewed part 65, subpart C, 
and appendix A of 14 CFR part 65 which pertain to aircraft dispatchers. 
In the preceding 30 years few changes have been made to the dispatcher 
certification requirements, although numerous technological advances in 
the aviation industry and concerns over changes in operational 
practices and training methods have occurred.
    In October 1993, an industry task force concluded an initial 
investigation of part 65, subpart C. The task force's objective was to 
determine whether part 65, subpart C, needed to be updated, what 
specific sections required updating, and whether industry, training 
schools, and FAA examiners were of the same opinion. The task force was 
comprised of representatives of airlines, associations, unions, 
academia, and interested parties. The Airline Dispatch Federation (ADF) 
coordinated these activities. The task force found that technology had 
outpaced the current regulations. The task force also found that 
various designated examiners and FAA regional offices were interpreting 
several of the regulations in a manner inconsistent with each other and 
FAA headquarters. The results of this informal task force study were 
presented at several ADF quarterly meetings.
    On September 27, 1993, the Transport Workers Union Local 542 of 
Euless, TX, petitioned the FAA to request a regulatory review of part 
65, subpart C, and appendix A. On November 10, 1993, the FAA requested 
the ARAC to review the initial certification training requirements of 
aircraft dispatchers. The ARAC formed a ``Dispatch Working Group'' to 
complete this assignment (59 FR 3155, Jan. 20, 1994). The ARAC tasked 
this working group to conduct a review of the certification 
requirements for aircraft dispatchers.
    All of the proposals in this NPRM have been extensively researched 
for the FAA by the Dispatch Working Group, and all proposals made in 
this NPRM are based on the ARAC's recommendations.

General Discussion of the Proposal

    The proposals developed during the part 65, subpart C, and appendix 
A regulatory review are set forth in this NPRM and cover a broad range 
of issues

[[Page 55921]]

affecting the certification of aircraft dispatchers. The proposals 
included in this NPRM would accomplish the following:
    1. Establish a minimum age to be eligible to take the knowledge 
test required by current Sec. 65.55.
    2. Update the experience requirements in current Sec. 65.57 for an 
aircraft dispatcher certificate.
    3. Allow the equivalent experience finding under current 
Sec. 65.57(a)(6) to be made only by the Administrator's representative 
who is a certificated aircraft dispatcher.
    4. Retain the current basic dispatch certificate without 
introducing a system of ratings or limitations.
    5. Eliminate duplication of certain educational requirements by 
relocating them from current subpart C to proposed appendix A.
    6. Relocate information concerning initial and continued 
eligibility for dispatcher certification courses, training facilities, 
instruction, and records from current appendix A to proposed subpart C 
of part 65. The goal of relocating information as described in this 
item and item 5 is to include all requirements other than course 
content in proposed subpart C and all course content and related 
details in proposed appendix A.
    7. Add an ``overview'' paragraph to appendix A that contains 
general information about aircraft dispatcher training courses.
    9. Revise appendix A to include a new training outline that would 
add new subjects, e.g. ``emergency and abnormal procedure.''
    9. Eliminate sub-category training hour requirements from appendix 
A while retaining total course hour requirements.
    10. Introduce ``human factors'' training during initial 
certification (proposed paragraph VIII A of appendix A).
    11. Introduce in appendix A a training outline that would allow 
training to change as technology changes, without the need for a rule 
change, by making the following changes:
    (a) State the training outline in general terms so that future 
technological enhancement or changes in operational practices could be 
readily added.
    (b) Link appendix A to the Practical Test Standards (PTS) Guide, 
thus allowing training requirements to be revised.

Principal Issues

Revision of Sec. 65.53  Eligibility Requirements; Establishment of a 
Minimum Age for the Knowledge Test

    Section 65.53 would be revised to add a minimum age requirement of 
21 years to be eligible to take the knowledge test. The minimum age 
requirement to be eligible for an aircraft dispatcher certificate would 
still be 23 years of age. The FAA is adding this provision to clear up 
confusion among training centers and to provide a standard policy. 
Currently, confusion among training centers exists when prospective 
dispatchers take both the knowledge and practical exams prior to 
reaching their 23rd birthday. Some training centers find this practice 
acceptable and delay certificate issuance until the age requirement is 
met. Other training centers find this practice unacceptable and do not 
allow an applicant to take the knowledge test until the applicant is 23 
years of age. As a practical matter adding a minimum age requirement of 
21 years would not be a substantive change since under current 
Sec. 65.55(b) a passing grade on a written test is only valid for 24 
months after the date the test is given.
    In addition, the term ``knowledge test'' replaces ``written test'' 
because the FAA believes the term ``knowledge test'' is a more 
inclusive term, referring to either test administered with pencil and 
paper or by computer.
    Finally, the FAA is proposing to clarify the English language 
requirements for flight dispatchers. The FAA has determined, for safety 
concerns, that operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) require 
a basic command of the English language. The FAA, however, recognizes 
that some individuals have a command of the English language, but due 
to medical reasons may not be able to read, speak, or write the English 
language, e.g., deaf individuals. Therefore, to accommodate these 
individuals, the FAA is providing a provision that would permit 
limitations to the placed on the individuals' flight dispatcher 
certificate based on medical conditions if the Administrator determines 
it is in the interest of safety. This would also standardize this 
provision with other parts of this chapter, e.g., part 61.

Revision of Sec. 65.57 Experience or Training Requirements

    Section 65.57 is reorganized to provide more clarity to the 
eligibility requirements. The proposed regulation would separate 
military experience from part 121 air carrier operations experience. 
This would require that specific experience be delineated to the 
appropriate category.
    In addition, air carrier operations would be changed from 
``scheduled air carrier'' to ``part 121 operations'' to ensure that 
experience is verifiable and applicable. Experience as a radio operator 
would not longer be accepted because the FAA has determined that radio 
operators do not have sufficient experience in such subject areas as 
meteorology, weight and balance, emergency procedures, the applicable 
regulations, aeronautical charts, and flight planning. In addition, the 
FAA has determined that the experience for air traffic controllers 
would be expanded to include ``Flight Service Specialist'', since as a 
job requirement Flight Service Specialist are required to have 
knowledge and perform in the following areas: meteorology, air traffic 
control, pilot briefings, flight planning, aeronautical charts and 
emergency procedures.
    Current Sec. 65.57(a) allows the Administrator to find that where 
other duties, in addition to those listed in Sec. 65.57(a) (1)-(5), 
provide equivalent experience, an applicant is eligible for an aircraft 
dispatcher certificate without attending a dispatcher course. In 
evaluating equivalent experience, as proposed, the Administrator's 
representative must be aircraft dispatcher certificated. This proposed 
requirement would ensure that the evaluator has the appropriate 
knowledge base to make a qualified determination.

Knowledge and Skill Requirements

    Currently subpart C contains information that is duplicated in the 
appendix. Redundancy would be eliminated by moving detailed training 
requirements set out in current Secs. 65.66(a) (1) through (8) and 
65.59 (a) through (e) to appendix A. This reorganization would make the 
rules more clear and easier to follow.

Realignment of Regulatory Requirements and Training Material

    Regulatory materials on obtaining approval of an aircraft 
dispatcher certification course covering required training facilities, 
instructions and records currently at the end of appendix A would be 
included in subpart C. This material would be relocated to proposed 
Secs. 65.61, 65.63, 65.65, 65.67, and 65.70. Since this material 
contains what are in fact eligibility requirements, it is more 
appropriate in the text of the regulation than in an appendix. Section 
65.63, 65.65, 65.67, and 65.70 would be new.

[[Page 55922]]

    As previously mentioned, training material from the Knowledge and 
Skill Requirements regulations that describe a detailed course 
curriculum would be moved into appendix A. With this realignment, all 
mandatory eligibility requirements would be contained in subpart A. One 
exception is that the minimum number of 200 course hours is included in 
proposed Sec. 65.61(a) rather than in appendix A as it now is.

Appendix A  Revision

    As mentioned above, an appendix A overview would be added in this 
proposal and would contain information regarding course topic 
information, use of state of the art technologies and techniques, and 
air carrier specific training. While all of the listed material must be 
taught, the course order is flexible and an integrated training 
approach may be used. Currently, blocks of material are taught 
separately, yet the material is interrelated, so an integrated training 
approach is desirable. In addition, the proposed appendix would clarify 
that, while, upon certification under this subpart a new dispatcher 
would meet all requirements necessary to exercise privileges of the 
aircraft dispatcher certificate, air carrier specific training also may 
be required by the applicable operating rules.
    Appendix A would be completely revised based on technological 
advances from the preceding 30 years and those that may be anticipated 
in the future. A specific detailed documentation of proposed changes in 
listed below in the ``section by section'' analysis.

Subcategory Elimination of Minimum Training Times

    This NPRM proposes a minimum course hour content of 200 training 
hours (the current minimum is 198 hours) (see proposed Sec. 65.61(a)). 
Although the NPRM proposes to eliminating the subcategory hour 
requirements the two hour increase in training would accommodate the 
addition of new topics. In addition the training centers and schools 
suggested that the minimum hours be increased. Appendix A would be 
divided into eight main subject areas but would not include a minimum 
hour requirement for each subject area as it now does. By eliminating 
the sub-category hour requirement an integrated training approach can 
be more readily used. This also would allow training centers to change 
curriculum as needs change in the future. Training centers that wish to 
modify the curriculum as their needs change would submit the proposed 
changes to their principle operations inspectors for review and 
approval.

Human Factors Training

    An innovative concept in initial certification training for 
aircraft dispatchers includes the introduction of human factors 
training. This type of training is based on a number of human 
performance variables, such as communication, decision-making, 
teamwork, and leadership. Human factors training for cockpit crewmember 
personnel has been conducted for years and has recently been made 
mandatory for dispatchers as well as for flight crewmembers (see ``Air 
Carrier and Commercial Operator Training Programs,'' 60 FR 65940, 
December 20, 1995). Today, human factors experts agree that the cockpit 
crewmember is just one part of the transportation system. Experts agree 
that Crew Resource Management (CRM) training is important because it 
includes all members of the operational team (see Advisory Circular 
(AC) 121-32, ``Dispatch Resource Management Training'' and AC 120-51B, 
as amended, ``Crew Resource Management Training''). Rather than wait 
until actively dispatching flights, it is better to begin human factors 
training during the certification process. This would provide maximum 
benefit and retention level to the airman. In this regard, human 
factors training can be established prior to actively working flights. 
Of central importance to human factors training is communications and 
decision making. Aircraft dispatchers are the communications nexus in 
the air transportation system. Dispatchers routinely communicate with 
and obtain information from over 25 groups of aviation professionals 
that have responsibility for some portion of the air transportation 
system. Then dispatchers must analyze, prioritize, and disseminate 
information as appropriate. Much of this information can be considered 
critical to the safety of flight. Therefore, the FAA strongly believes 
human factors training should be required and conducted during initial 
certification for maximum air transportation safety.

Basic Certificate vs. Endorsements and Ratings

    The ARAC, after an extensive analysis, determined that it would be 
better to retain the current certificate structure without introducing 
a system of rating or endorsements. The ARAC discussed adding an 
``international'' endorsement; however, this was deemed unwarranted due 
to the complexity and unique qualities of international operators. It 
was felt that airline or equipment-specific training was best left to 
the airlines so that it could be tailored to specific requirements. 
Examples of specific types of training include twin engine extended 
range operations, operations in areas of magnetic unreliability, and 
high altitude operations at airports in several South American 
airports.

Future Technological Advancements

    Technology and new operational practices often outpace training and 
the regulations associated with training. This subpart, for example, 
has not been updated for over 30 years. With this in mind the ARAC's 
Dispatch Working Group explored ways to write a training outline that 
would not quickly become obsolete.
General vs. Specific
    The proposed training outline in appendix A is written in general 
terms. If very specific terms were used in the representation of 
technology it could become obsolete within several years. Specific 
automated observations currently include AWOS (automated weather 
observing system), ASOS (automated surface observing system), etc. 
These observations may not be used in the future, therefore, the 
proposed training outline lists ``automated'' weather observations.
Practical Test Standards Guide (PTS)
    Proposed appendix A contains language that references the PTS guide 
prepared and published by the FAA. Through the PTS guide, the FAA is 
able to give examiners general guidance on which subjects are 
appropriate for testing. From the PTS guide, an examiner is able to 
determine those specific subject areas that are appropriate for testing 
the knowledge and skills of a candidate for an aircraft dispatcher 
certificate. Since it is virtually impossible to theorize what 
technological advancements are in store for the aviation community in 
the future and to reflect those advancements specifically in part 65, 
subpart C and appendix A, it appears to be desirable to link the 
training outline in appendix A to a document like the PTS guide that 
can be easily revised but that is exposed to public review and 
participation.

Section-by-Section Analysis

Part 65--Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers

    The proposed revision to part 65, subpart C, would update 
eligibility, knowledge, experience and skill requirements for initial 
certification of aircraft dispatchers. The proposal would

[[Page 55923]]

revise and relocate regulatory material from appendix A to subpart C.

Section 65.51  Certificate Required

    Current Sec. 65.51 contains the basic requirements for an aircraft 
dispatcher certificate and also requires each person who holds an 
aircraft dispatcher certificate to present it for inspection upon 
request of the Administrator or other authorized official. This section 
remains unchanged.

Section 65.53  Eligibility Requirements: General

    Current Sec. 65.53 contains eligibility requirements for aircraft 
dispatcher certification. The proposed section is mostly based on 
current Sec. 65.53. The proposed section would: (1) establish a minimum 
age requirement of 21 years for taking the knowledge test; and (2) 
clarify the English language requirements. These changes are more fully 
discussed above under the Principle Issues portion of this preamble.

Section 65.55  Knowledge Requirements

    Proposed Sec. 65.55 would replace the term ``written test'' with 
the term ``knowledge test.'' The FAA believes the term ``knowledge 
test'' is a more inclusive term, referring to either tests administered 
with pencil and paper or by computer. This change is also consistent 
with changes that have been made in other parts of this chapter (e.g. 
14 CFR part 61).
    In addition, the proposal would move detailed subject matter from 
Sec. 65.55 to appendix A of this part. This proposed change would 
eliminate redundancy that is currently in Secs. 65.55(a) (1) through 
(8) and 65.59 (a) through (e). Also, the detailed subject matter would 
be described in more general terms, allowing training to change as 
technology changes without the need for a rule change.
    Finally, the proposed changes to this section would clarify that a 
copy of the knowledge test with the student's documented results would 
be ``provided'' to the applicant rather than ``sent'' to the applicant. 
This change is needed to address computer testing centers where test 
results are immediately available and do not need to be mailed to the 
applicant.

Section 65.57  Experience or Training Requirements

    Under this proposal, acceptable experience, which can be 
substituted for completion of an aircraft dispatcher certification 
course, would be limited to experience obtained in military operations, 
in part 12 operations, as an air traffic controller, or as a flight 
service specialist, unless an equivalency finding is made under 
proposed Sec. 65.57(a)(4). This would eliminate as acceptable 
experience any pilot, meteorologist, or dispatch experience obtained in 
any operation other than military or part 121 operations, thus, for 
example, excluding experience obtained under part 135 operations. ( 
dispatch system is not required under part 135.)
    This proposal would also eliminate flight or ground radio operator 
experience from being considered as acceptable experience for aircraft 
dispatcher eligibility as previously discussed under the Principle 
Issues portion of this preamble.
    Finally, this proposed section would change the number of years of 
experience an assistant aircraft dispatcher may use to meet the 
experience requirements for an aircraft dispatcher certificate. Under 
the current rule, an applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate 
may meet the experience requirements for an aircraft dispatcher 
certificate by demonstrating that he or she has worked as an assistant 
in dispatching aircraft while under the direct supervision of a 
certificated aircraft dispatcher for a total of at least one out of the 
two years before the date he or she applies for the certificate. Under 
this proposal, the number of years of assistant aircraft dispatcher 
experience would change to two out of the last three years before the 
date the applicant applies for the certificate. This change is being 
proposed to standardize the number of years of experience required for 
all accepted areas of experience and to give the assistant aircraft 
dispatcher an additional opportunity to gain experience in a variety of 
program areas similar to those areas taught in a certificated 
dispatcher school curriculum.
    The ARAC recommended the changes described above to the current 
experience requirements because of its determination that only the 
proposed experience requirements warrant being considered equivalent to 
the instruction received at an approved school. If an applicant 
receives instruction at an approved school, the course must be 
successfully completed within 90 days before the date of application.
    The ARAC recommended that the Administrator's representative hold 
an aircraft dispatcher certificate in order to ensure that the 
representative has the appropriate knowledge base to make a 
determination regarding equivalent experience for an aircraft 
dispatcher certificate without attending a dispatcher course.

Section 65.59  Skill Requirements

    The current regulation outlines specific topics and publications to 
be covered during the test, however, as proposed, specific topics would 
be deleted to reduce redundancy within regulatory and appendix 
sections. Instead, proposed Sec. 65.59 would state that the test must 
be based on the Aircraft Dispatcher Practical Test Standards published 
by the FAA on the items outlined in appendix A of part 65. No 
substantive changes to the requirements have been made.

Section 65.61  Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Content and 
Minimum Hours

    Current Sec. 65.61 contains the general requirements for obtaining 
approval of an aircraft dispatcher certification course. The 
requirements of current Sec. 65.61 are in this proposal divided between 
proposed Sec. 65.61(a) and proposed Sec. 65.63(a). In addition, 
proposed Sec. 65.63 would contain several requirements now in appendix 
A.
    Proposed Sec. 65.61(a) would require, as does current Sec. 65.61, 
that each aircraft dispatcher certification course must provide 
instruction on those areas of knowledge and topics listed in appendix 
A. It would also include the proposed 200 course hour minimum hours. 
Currently the minimum hours are contained in appendix A on a subject-
by-subject basis.
    Proposed Sec. 65.61(a) would require a course outline as does the 
current rule but, in addition, would require that the outline indicate 
the number of hours proposed for major topics and subtopics to be 
covered since these hours would no longer be stated in appendix A. 
Proposed Sec. 65.61(b) would also include a requirement, now in 
appendix A, paragraph (a), that additional subject headings can be 
included, but that the hours proposed for any subjects not listed in 
appendix A must be in addition to the minimum 200 required course 
hours.
    Proposed Sec. 65.61(c) would contain a provision now in paragraph 
(f) of appendix A that allows a student to receive credit for a portion 
of the required 200 hours of instruction by substituting previous 
experience or training. As is currently the case, the proposed rule 
would require that the basis for any allowance and the total hours 
credited must be incorporated in the student's records.

[[Page 55924]]

Section 65.63  Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Application, 
Duration, and Other General Requirements

    Proposed Sec. 65.63 is a new section that would include in proposed 
paragraph (a) the letter application requirements currently contained 
in Sec. 61.61 and in proposed paragraphs (b) through (e), requirements 
currently in appendix A that are more appropriate for the operating 
rule. An applicant would be required to submit only two copies of the 
course outline, in place of the three copies currently required because 
the FAA has determined that three copies are not needed and that the 
requirement imposes an unnecessary economic cost on the applicant and 
an administrative burden on the FAA.
    Proposed Sec. 65.63(b) would include the current 24-month duration 
for FAA approval of an aircraft dispatcher certification course. The 
only substantive change proposed is that an application for renewal 
would have to be submitted at least 30 days before the expiration date, 
currently it can be submitted up to 60 days after the expiration date. 
This change is needed to prevent a course from continuing beyond its 
expiration date.
    Proposed Sec. 65.63(c) would contain the current requirements for 
obtaining approval of course revisions.
    Proposed Sec. 65.63(d) would contain the current provisions for 
cancellation of approval of an aircraft dispatcher certification 
course, whether at the FAA's or the operator's initiative. When a 
course approval is canceled, the operator would have to send to the FAA 
any records requested by the Administrator so that they would be 
available if needed.
    Proposed Sec. 65.63(e) would contain most of the current 
requirements that apply to changes in ownership, name, or location of 
an approved course. Two substantive changes are proposed. Currently 
``approval of an aircraft dispatcher course may not be continued in 
effect after the course has changed ownership.'' Proposed Sec. 65.63(e) 
would allow for continuation of approval after a change of ownership if 
the Administrator, after an audit, determines continued compliance with 
the requirements of part 65 and issues a letter of approval. The other 
proposed change would require that the Administrator must be notified 
in writing within 10 days of any changes in ownership, name, or 
location. The current rule requires notification of a change in 
location ``without delay.'' This change is desirable to avoid differing 
interpretations of how much time is allowed.

Section 65.65  Training Facilities

    Proposed Sec. 65.65 is a new section that would prescribe the 
training facilities necessary to operate an approved school. This 
proposed section is based primarily on material that is currently 
provided for in appendix A. The proposal would add a requirement that 
the training facility must be so located that the students in that 
facility are not distracted by the instruction conducted in other 
rooms. This proposed requirement would align this section with part 141 
of this chapter.

Section 65.67  Instruction

    Proposed Sec. 65.67 is a new section that would prescribe 
instruction requirements necessary to operate an approved school that 
are mostly based on material that is currently provided for in appendix 
A. The maximum student-teacher ratio would remain unchanged at 25 to 1. 
Currently, appendix A states that approval of a course may not be 
continued in effect unless at least 80 percent of students who apply 
for testing within 90 days after graduation from an approved school are 
able to qualify on the first attempt. Proposed Sec. 65.67(b) would 
continue the 80 percent success rate requirement but would apply the 80 
percent rate over a 24 month period which would be consistent with 
proposed Sec. 141.5 (60 FR 41263, August 11, 1995).

Section 65.70  Records

    Proposed Sec. 65.70 is a new section that would prescribe 
recordkeeping requirements based on material currently provided for in 
appendix A. A proposed change would allow schools to discard records 
after 3 years so that recordkeeping would not become a burden. This 
proposed change could result in significant cost savings to dispatcher 
schools since a literal reading of the current regulations would 
require these records to be retained indefinitely.

Appendix A to Part 65--Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses

    The proposed overview paragraph introduces the specific minimum set 
of topics that must be covered in an aircraft dispatcher training 
course and contains general information about those courses.
    The individual subject hourly requirements (e.g., Federal Aviation 
Regulations, 15 classroom hours; meteorology, 75 classroom hours) would 
be eliminated, and in their place a total course-hour minimum is 
proposed in Sec. 61.61(a) as discussed above.
    A word-by-word comparison of proposed appendix A with current 
appendix A might make it appear that this proposal is adding to the 
subject areas to be covered. However, the FAA understands that as a 
practical matter, training schools, partially through the use of the 
PTS guide, are in fact covering the subject areas listed in the 
proposed requirements. In addition, by using modern teaching methods 
and training aids, it is possible to cover the proposed curriculum 
without an increase in overall teaching hours.
    The proposed curriculum is considered necessary because of the 
important role of the aircraft dispatcher in maintaining safety of 
flight operations. The aircraft dispatcher and the pilot in command are 
jointly responsible for the authorization and control of a flight in 
accordance with applicable regulations and air carrier procedures. This 
responsibility extends from the preparation for a flight to its 
conclusion, and includes dealing with emergency situations.
    Many of the dispatcher's tasks require familiarity in dealing with 
specific regulations and air carrier procedures. Others require 
exercising judgment to deal with unique aspects of a situation. 
Virtually all of these problem-solving activities require skill in 
working with the flight crew, Air Traffic Control, and members of the 
Air Carrier Operations Control and Maintenance staff.

Regulations

    In addition to the parts currently covered (subpart C of part 65 
and parts 25, 91, 121), it is proposed that a course must cover parts 
1, 61, 71, 139, and 175 of chapter I of 14 CFR as well as part 830 of 
the regulations of the National Transportation Safety Board, ``Rules 
Pertaining to Aircraft Accidents, Incidents, Overdue Aircraft, and 
Safety Investigation.'' Another addition to appendix A training 
requirements would be training on the ``General Operating Manual.'' 
that is, training on the common features of a typical certificate 
holder's manual.

Meteorology

    Meterology would be sub-divided into three subject headings; 1) 
Basic Weather Studies; 2) Weather, Analysis, and Forecasts; and 3) 
Weather Related Hazards. The subject of meteorology, due to its 
importance, would be updated and expanded to provide greater detail for 
instructional guidance.

[[Page 55925]]

Navigation

    Navigation would be expanded to provide an introduction to 
international flight planning procedures and limitation.

Aircraft

    Aircraft would be updated to provide expanded systems training to 
ensure proper application of this knowledge.

Communications

    Communications would be expanded to include data link 
communications as well as sources of aeronautical information.

Air Traffic Control

    Air traffic control would be expanded to encompass areas of air 
traffic management.

Emergency and Abnormal Procedures

    This proposed new section would address security; in particular, 
identifying, declaring, and reporting emergencies.

Practical Dispatch Applications

    This section would replace the current practical dispatching 
section. Practical dispatch applications would introduce the dispatch 
candidate to human factors as applied to decisiomaking, human error, 
and teamwork.
    The ``applied dispatching'' sub-section would provide the student 
with methods of application for all previous subject matter.
    To ensure that future technological advancements will be taught, 
this proposed appendix would be linked to the Practical Test Standards 
guide. The PTS is periodically revised, whereas regulatory change may 
not keep up with technological advancements.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    Proposed Secs. 65.63 and 65.70 contain information reporting, 
recordkeeping, and 3rd party notification requirements. As required by 
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)), the FAA has 
submitted a copy of those proposed sections to the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) for its review.
    Proposed Sec. 65.63(a) requires that an applicant for approval of 
an aircraft dispatcher certification course shall submit a letter to 
the Administrator requesting approval; two copies of the course 
outline; a description of equipment and facilities to be used; and a 
list of the instructors and their qualifications. This information 
would be necessary for the FAA to evaluate the applicant's 
qualifications and compliance with the requirements of proposed subpart 
C of part 63. Proposed Sec. 65.63(b) requires that a course operator 
must request renewal of an approved aircraft dispatcher certification 
course within 30 days before the expiration date of the course. This 
would allow the FAA time to review the course operator's performance 
and continued qualification for course approval.
    Proposed Sec. 65.63(d) requires that a course operator who desires 
voluntary cancellation of an approved course must send a letter 
requesting the cancellation to the Administrator. This would provide 
the FAA with the documentation showing the reason for the cancellation. 
After the course has been canceled the operator is required to send any 
records to the FAA that the Administrator requests, so that they would 
be available if needed. Proposed Sec. 65.63(e) requires that a course 
operator must notify the Administrator within 10 days of changing the 
ownership, name, or location of an approved course. This would enable 
the FAA to continue its oversight and auditing of the course. The FAA 
estimates the annual recordkeeping burden for Sec. 65.63 compliance to 
be 71 hours per year.
    Proposed Sec. 65.70 requires that course operators keep a 
chronological log for 3 years of all instructors, subjects covered, and 
course examinations and results. In addition, the course operator must 
transmit to the Administrator, not later than January 31 of each year, 
a report for the previous year that lists the names of all students who 
graduated, failed, or withdrew from the course, together with the 
results of the course or reasons for withdrawal for each student. These 
requirements are necessary for the FAA to evaluate the quality of the 
course and the operator's compliance with part 65. Proposed 
Sec. 65.70(b) requires the course operator to provide a written 
statement of graduation to each student who successfully completes the 
approved course, so that the student has documentation of his or her 
qualification to serve as an aircraft dispatcher. The FAA estimates the 
annual recordkeeping burden for Sec. 65.70 compliance to be 1440 hours 
per year.
    The annual reporting and recordkeeping burden for each aircraft 
dispatcher certification course operator has not changed as a result of 
this rulemaking. However, each aircraft dispatcher certification course 
operator will be required to update the course curriculum and training 
outline, which will be a one time occurrence of approximately up to 80 
hours.
    Organizations and individuals desiring to submit comments on the 
information reporting and recordkeeping requirements should direct them 
to: U.S. Department of Transportation Dockets, Docket No. FAA-1998-
4553, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Room Plaza 401, Washington, DC 20590.

International Civil Aviation Organization and Joint Aviation 
Regulations

    In keeping with U.S. obligations under the Convention on 
International Civil Aviation, it is FAA policy to comply with ICAO 
Standards and Recommended Practices to the maximum extent practicable. 
The FAA is not aware of any differences that this proposal would 
present if adopted. Any differences that may be presented in comments 
to this proposal, however, will be taken into consideration.

Economic Summary

    This proposed rule is not considered a significant regulatory 
action under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, is 
not subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget. This 
proposed rule is not considered significant under the regulatory 
policies and procedures of the Department of Transportation (44 FR 
11034; February 26, 1979). This proposed rule will not result in (A) an 
annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more; (B) a major 
increase in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, 
Federal, State, or local governments, agencies, or geographic regions; 
(C) significant adverse effect on competition, employment, investment, 
productivity, innovation, or on the ability of United States-based 
enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises in domestic or 
export markets.
    This proposal is intended to amend existing regulations that define 
the qualification and certification requirements for aircraft 
dispatchers. Current regulations prescribing these requirements do not 
reflect the technological advances that have occurred in the aviation 
industry nor do these regulations reflect the enhancements in training 
and instructional methods that have affected all aircraft dispatchers.
    The FAA has determined that the proposed rule will have little or 
no cost impact on the aviation industry costs.
    The proposed rule will result in minor cost savings for dispatcher 
schools by relieving them of the burden to retain records indefinitely. 
Additionally, the proposed rule would consolidate and clarify 
eligibility, knowledge, experience, and skill requirements among 
aircraft

[[Page 55926]]

dispatchers. Because the proposed rule would have only a minor effect 
on existing costs, the FAA has not prepared a full regulatory 
evaluation for the docket. The FAA solicits specific cost information 
from commenters.

International Trade Impact Analysis

    The FAA finds that this proposed rule will have no adverse impact 
on trade opportunities for either U.S. firms doing business overseas or 
foreign firms doing business in the United States.

Regulatory Flexibility Determination

Economic Impact

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (RFA), as amended, was 
enacted by Congress to ensure that small entities are not unnecessarily 
and disproportionately burdened by Government regulations. The Act 
requires that whenever an agency publishes a general notice of proposed 
rulemaking, an initial regulatory flexibility analysis identifying the 
economic impact on small entities, and considering alternatives that 
may lessen those impacts must be conducted if the proposed rule would 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.
    This proposed rule would impact entities regulated by part 65. The 
FAA believes there is little or no cost impact on the aviation industry 
associated with the proposed rule. Therefore, the FAA certifies that 
this proposed rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities.

Significance

    This proposed rulemaking is not significant under Executive Order 
12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed by the Office of Management 
and Budget. This proposed rule is not considered significant under the 
regulatory policies and procedures of the Department of Transportation 
(44 FR 11034; February 2, 1979).

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), 
enacted as Pub. L. 104-4 on March 22, 1995, requires each Federal 
agency, to the extent permitted by law, to prepare a written assessment 
of the effects of any Federal mandate in a proposed or final agency 
rule that may result in the expenditure by State, local, and tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 
million or more (adjusted annually for inflation) in any one year. 
Section 204(a) of the Act, 2 U.S.C. 1534(a), requires the Federal 
agency to develop an effective process to permit timely input by 
elected officers (or their designees) of State, local, and tribal 
governments on a proposed ``significant intergovernmental mandate.'' a 
``significant intergovernmental mandate'' under the Act is any 
provision in a Federal agency regulation that would impose an 
enforceable duty upon State, local, and tribal governments, in the 
aggregate, or $100 million (adjusted annually for inflation) in any one 
year. Section 203 of the Act, 2 U.S.C. 1533, which supplements section 
204(a), provides that before establishing any regulatory requirements 
that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments, the 
agency shall have developed a plan that, among other things, provides 
for notice to potentially affected small governments, if any, and for a 
meaningful and timely opportunity to provide input in the development 
of regulatory proposals.
    This rule does not contain any Federal intergovernmental or private 
sector mandate. Therefore, the requirements of Title II of the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 do not apply.

Federalism Implications

    The proposed regulations would not have substantial direct effects 
on the states, on the relationship between national government and the 
states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among 
various levels of government. Thus, in accordance with Executive Order 
12612, it is determined that this proposed regulation would not have 
federalism implications warranting the preparation of a Federalism 
Assessment.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 65

    Air traffic controllers, Aircraft, Aircraft dispatchers, Airmen, 
Airports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

The Proposed Amendment

    Accordingly, the Federal Aviation Administration proposes to amend 
14 CFR part 65 as follows:

PART 65--CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS

    1. The authority citation for part 65 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-
44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.

    2. Subpart C of part 65 is revised to read as follows:

Subpart C--Aircraft Dispatchers

65.51  Certificate required.
65.53  Eligibility requirements: General.
65.55  Knowledge requirements.
65.57  Experience or training requirements.
65.59  Skill requirements.
65.61  Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and 
minimum hours.
65.63  Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Application, 
duration, and other general requirements.
65.65  Training facilities.
65.67  Instruction.
65.70  Records.

Subpart C--Aircraft Dispatchers


Sec. 65.51  Certificate required.

    (a) No person may serve as an aircraft dispatcher (exercising 
responsibility with the pilot in command in the operational control of 
a flight) in connection with any civil aircraft in air commerce unless 
he has in his personal possession a current aircraft dispatcher 
certificate issued under this subpart.
    (b) Each person who holds an aircraft dispatcher certificate shall 
present it for inspection upon the request of the Administrator or an 
authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board, 
or of any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer.


Sec. 65.53  Eligibility requirements: General.

    (a) To be eligible to take the aircraft dispatcher knowledge test, 
a person must be at least 21 years of age.
    (b) To be eligible for an aircraft dispatcher certificate, a person 
must--
    (1) Be at least 23 years of age;
    (2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 
language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements 
due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating 
limitations on that certificate as are necessary for the safe operation 
of aircraft; and
    (c) Comply with Secs. 65.55, 65.57, and 65.59.


Sec. 65.55  Knowledge requirements.

    (a) An applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must pass a 
knowledge test on the items outlined in appendix A of this part.
    (b) A report of the test is provided to the applicant. A passing 
grade is evidence, for a period of 24 months after the date the test is 
given, that the applicant has complied with this section.


Sec. 65.57  Experience or training requirements.

    An applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must present 
documentary evidence satisfactory to the Administrator that the 
applicant has the experience prescribed in paragraph (a) of this 
section or the training described

[[Page 55927]]

in paragraph (b) of this section as follows:
    (a) A total of at least 2 out of the last 3 years before the date 
of application, in any one or in any combination of the following 
areas:
    (1) In military operations as a--
    (i) Pilot;
    (ii) Flight navigator; or
    (iii) Meteorologist.
    (2) In part 121 operations as--
    (i) An assistant in dispatching air carrier aircraft, under the 
direct supervision of a dispatcher certificated under this subpart;
    (ii) A pilot;
    (iii) A flight engineer; or
    (iv) A meteorologist.
    (3) In other aircraft operations as an--
    (i) Air Traffic Controller; or
    (ii) Flight Service Specialist.
    (4) In other aircraft operations, performing other duties that the 
Administrator's representative, who must be a certificated aircraft 
dispatcher, finds provide equivalent experience.
    (b) Within 90 days before the date of application, the applicant 
must successfully complete a course of instruction approved by the 
Administrator as adequate for the training of an aircraft dispatcher.


Sec. 65.59  Skill requirements.

    An applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must pass a 
test given by an Administrator's representative, who must be a 
certificated aircraft dispatcher. The test must be based on the 
Aircraft Dispatcher Practical Test Standards, as published by the FAA, 
on the items outlined in appendix A of this part.


Sec. 65.61  Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and 
minimum hours.

    Prior to exercising the privileges of an aircraft dispatcher 
certificate, satisfactory completion of initial dispatch training 
(provided by the air carrier) must be accomplished to ensure 
comprehensive coverage for that air carrier's specific operation, as 
approved by the Administrator.
    (a) Each aircraft dispatcher certification course must:
    (1) Provide instruction in the areas of knowledge and topics listed 
in appendix A of this part;
    (2) Include a minimum of 200 total course hours; and
    (3) Outline the major topics and subtopics to be covered and the 
number of hours proposed for each.
    (b) Additional subject headings for an aircraft dispatcher 
certification course may also be included, however the hours proposed 
for any subjects not listed in appendix A of this part must be in 
addition to the minimum 200 total course hours required in paragraph 
(a) of this section.
    (c) For the purposes of meeting paragraph (a) of this section, a 
student may substitute previous experience or training for a portion of 
the 200 minimum hours of training. The course operator determines the 
number of hours of credit based on an evaluation of the experience and 
training to determine if the experience and training is provable and 
comparable to portions of the approved course curriculum. Where credit 
is allowed, the basis for allowance and the total hours credited must 
be incorporated as part of the student's records, provided for in 
Sec. 65.70(a).


Sec. 65.63  Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Application, 
duration, and other general requirements.

    (a) Application. An applicant for approval of an aircraft 
dispatcher certification course shall submit:
    (1) A letter to the Administrator requesting approval;
    (2) Two copies of the course outline;
    (3) A description of equipment and facilities to be used; and
    (4) A list of the instructors and their qualifications.
    (b) Duration and renewal. The authority to operate an approved 
aircraft dispatcher certification course of study expires 24 months 
after the last day of the month of issuance. Application for renewal of 
an approved aircraft dispatcher certification course shall be made by 
letter addressed to the Administrator within 30 days prior to the 
expiration date. Renewal of approval will depend on the course 
operator's fulfilling the current conditions of course approval and 
having a satisfactory record of course operation.
    (c) Course revisions. Requests for revision of the course outlines, 
facilities, and equipment shall be accomplished in the same manner 
established for securing approval of the original course of study. 
Proposed revisions must be submitted in a format that will allow an 
entire page or pages of the approved outline to be removed and replaced 
by any approved revision. The list of instructors may be revised at any 
time without request for approval, provided the minimum requirements of 
Sec. 65.67 are maintained and the Administrator is notified in writing.
    (d) Cancellation of approval. Failure to meet or maintain any of 
the standards set forth in this part for the approval or operation of 
an approved aircraft dispatcher certification course is considered to 
be a sufficient reason for discontinuing approval of the course. If a 
course operator desires voluntary cancellation of an approved course, 
the course operator shall send a letter requesting cancellation to the 
Administrator. The operator will be responsible for forwarding any 
records to the FAA as requested by the Administrator.
    (e) Change is ownership, name, or location. When an approved course 
changes ownership, name, or location, the Administrator must be 
notified of the change in writing within 10 businesses days. The 
Administrator will audit the course for compliance with this part and 
issue a letter of approval reflecting the changes.


Sec. 65.65  Training facilities.

    An applicant for authority to operate an approved aircraft 
dispatcher course of study must have facilities, equipment, and 
materials adequate to provide each student the theoretical and 
practical aspects of aircraft dispatching. Each room, training booth, 
or other space used for instructional purposes must be temperature 
controlled, lighted, and ventilated to conform to local building, 
sanitation, and health codes. In addition, the training facility must 
be so located that the students in that facility are not distracted by 
the instruction conducted in other rooms.


Sec. 65.67  Instruction.

    (a) The number of instructors available for conducting the course 
of study shall be determined according to the needs and facilities of 
the applicant. However, the ratio of students per instructor may not 
exceed 25 students for one instructor.
    (b) Approval of a course shall not be continued in effect unless 
within the last 24 calendar months at least 80 percent of the students 
or graduates who applied for testing within 90 days after graduation 
from that school passed the practical test on the first attempt, and 
that test was given by--
    (1) An FAA inspector; or
    (2) A designated dispatch examiner.
    (c) At least one instructor who possesses an aircraft dispatcher 
certificate must be available for coordination of the training course 
instruction. A certificated aircraft dispatcher must actively 
participate in the Practical Dispatch Applications instruction.


Sec. 65.70  Records.

    (a) Approval of a course shall not be continued in effect unless 
the course operator keeps an accurate record of each student, including 
chronological log of all instructors, subjects covered,

[[Page 55928]]

and course examinations and results, for a period of not less than 3 
years. The course operator also must prepare, retain and transmit to 
the Administrator not later than January 31 of each year, a report 
containing the following information for the previous year:
    (1) the names of all students graduated, together with the results 
of their aircraft dispatcher certification course.
    (2) The names of all the students failed or withdrawn, together 
with results and reasons for withdrawal.
    (b) Each student who successfully completes the approved aircraft 
dispatcher certification course shall be given a written statement of 
graduation.
    3. Appendix A to part 65 is revised to read as follows:

Appendix A to Part 65--Aircraft Dispatcher Courses

Overview

    This appendix sets forth the areas of knowledge necessary to 
perform dispatcher functions. The items listed below indicate the 
minimum set of topics that must be covered in a training course for 
aircraft dispatcher certification. The order of coverage is flexible 
and at the discretion of the approved school. For each of these 
topics listed below, coverage must include state of the art 
technologies and techniques, as well as provide a foundation for 
knowledge of future developments. For updated technological 
advancements refer to the Practical Test Standards as published by 
the FAA.

I. Regulations

    A. Subpart C of this part 65;
    B. Parts 1, 25, 61, 71, 91, 121, 139, and 175, of this chapter;
    C. 49 CFR part 830;
    D. General Operating Manual.

II. Meteorology

A. Basic Weather Studies

    (1) The earth's motion and its effects on weather.
    (2) Analysis of regional weather types, characteristics, and 
structure:
    (a) Maritime.
    (b) Continental.
    (c) Polar.
    (d) Tropical.
    (e) Combinations thereof.
    (3) Analysis of local weather types, characteristics, and 
structures of:
    (a) Coastal.
    (b) Mountainous.
    (c) Island.
    (d) Plains.
    (e) Combinations thereof.
    (4) The Atmosphere:
    (a) Layers.
    (b) Composition.
    (c) Global Wind Patterns.
    (d) Ozone.
    (5) Pressure:
    (a) Units of Measure.
    (b) Weather Systems Characteristics.
    (c) Temperature Effects on Pressure.
    (d) Altimeters.
    (e) Pressure Gradient Force.
    (f) Pressure Pattern Flying Weather.
    (6) Wind:
    (a) Major Wind Systems and Coriolis Force.
    (b) Jetstreams and their Characteristics.
    (c) Local Wind and Related Terms.
    (7) States of Matters:
    (a) Solids, Liquid, and Gases.
    (b) Causes of change of state.
    (8) Clouds:
    (a) Composition, Formation, and Dissipation.
    (b) Types and Associated Precipitation.
    (c) Use of Cloud Knowledge in Forecasting.
    (9) Fog:
    (a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.
    (b) Types.
    (10) Ice:
    (a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.
    (b) Types.
    (11) Stability/Instability:
    (a) Temperature Lapse Rate, Convection.
    (b) Adiabatic Processes.
    (c) Lifting Processes.
    (d) Divergence.
    (e) Convergence.
    (12) Turbulence:
    (a) Jetstream Associated.
    (b) Pressure Pattern Recognition.
    (c) Low Level Windshear.
    (d) Mountain Waves.
    (e) Thunderstorms.
    (f) Clear Air Turbulence.
    (13) Airmasses:
    (a) Classification and Characteristics.
    (b) Source Regions.
    (c) Use of Airmass Knowledge in Forecasting.
    (14) Fronts:
    (a) Structure and Characteristics/Vertical and Horizontal.
    (b) Frontal Types.
    (c) Frontal Weather Flying.
    (15) Theory of Storm Systems:
    (a) Thunderstorms.
    (b) Tornadoes.
    (c) Hurricanes/Typhoons.
    (d) Microbursts.
    (e) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.

B. Weather, Analysis, and Forecasts

    (1) Observations:
    (a) Surface Observations.
    (i) Observations made by certified weather observer.
    (ii) Automated Weather Observations.
    (b) Terminal Forecasts.
    (c) Significant En route Reports and Forecasts.
    (i) Pilot Reports.
    (ii) Area Forecasts.
    (iii) Sigmets, Airmets.
    (iv) Center Weather Advisories.
    (d) Weather Imagery.
    (i) Surface Analysis.
    (ii) Weather Depiction.
    (iii) Significant Weather Prognosis.
    (iv) Winds and Temperature Aloft.
    (v) Tropopause Chart.
    (vi) Composite Moisture Stability Chart.
    (vii) Surface Weather Prognostic Chart.
    (viii) Radar Meteorology.
    (ix) Satellite Meteorology.
    (x) Other charts as applicable.
    (e) Meteorological Information Data Collection Systems.
    (2) Data Collection, Analysis, and Forecast Facilities.
    (3) Service Outlets Providing Aviation Weather Products.

C. Weather Related Aircraft Hazards

    (1) Crosswinds/Gusts.
    (2) Contaminated Runways.
    (3) Restrictions to Surface Visibility.
    (4) Turbulence/Windshear.
    (5) Icing.
    (6) Thunderstorms/Microbursts.
    (7) Volcanic Ash.

III. Navigation

    A. Study of the Earth.
    (1) Time reference and location (0 Longitude, UTC, etc.).
    (2) Definitions.
    (3) Projections.
    (4) Charts.
    B. Chart reading, application, and use.
    C. National Airspace Plan.
    D. Navigation Systems.
    E. Airborne Navigation Instruments.
    F. Instrument Approach Procedures.
    (1) Transition Procedures.
    (2) Precision Approach Procedures.
    (3) Non-precision Approach Procedures.
    (4) Minimums and the relationship to weather.
    G. Special Navigation and Operations.
    (1) North Atlantic.
    (2) Pacific.
    (3) Global Differences.

IV. Aircraft

    A. Aircraft Flight Manual.
    B. Systems Overview.
    (1) Flight controls
    (2) Hydraulics.
    (3) Electrical.
    (4) Air Conditioning and Pressurization.
    (5) Ice and Rain protection.
    (6) Avionics, Communication, and Navigation.
    (7) Powerplants and Auxiliary Power Units.
    (8) Emergency and Abnormal Procedures.
    (9) Fuel Systems and Sources.
    C. Minimum Equipment List/Configuration Deviation List (MEL/CDL) 
and Applications.
    D. Performance.
    (1) Aircraft in general.
    (2) Principles of flight:
    (a) Group one aircraft.
    (b) Group two aircraft.
    (3) Aircraft Limitations.
    (4) Weight and Balance.
    (5) Flight instrument errors.
    (6) Aircraft performance:
    (a) Take-off performance.
    (b) En route performance.
    (c) Landing performance.

V. Communications

    A. Regulatory requirements.
    B. Communications Protocol.
    C. Voice and Data Communications.
    D. Notice to Airmen (NOTAMS).
    E. Aeronautical Publications.
    F. Abnormal Procedures.

VI. Air Traffic Control

    A. Responsibilities.

[[Page 55929]]

    B. Facilities and Equipment.
    C. Airspace classification and route structure.
    D. Flight Plans.
    (1) Domestic.
    (2) International.
    E. Separation Minimums.
    F. Priority Handling.
    G. Holding Procedures.
    H. Traffic Management.

VII. Emergency and Abnormal Procedures

    A. Security measures on the ground.
    B. Security measures in the air.
    C. FAA responsibility and services.
    D. Collection and dissemination of information on overdue or 
missing aircraft.
    E. Means of declaring an emergency.
    F. Responsibility for declaring an emergency.
    G. Required reporting of an emergency.
    H. NTSB reporting requirements.

VIII. Practical Dispatch Applications

    A. Human Factors.
    (1) Decisionmaking:
    (a) Situation Assessment.
    (b) Generation and Evaluation of Alternatives.
    (i) Tradeoffs and Prioritization.
    (ii) Contingency Planning.
    (c) Support Tools and Technologies.
    (2) Human Error:
    (a) Causes.
    (i) Individual and Organizational Factors.
    (ii) Technology-Induced Error.
    (b) Prevention.
    (c) Detection and Recovery.
    (3) Teamwork:
    (a) Communication and Information Exchange.
    (b) Cooperative and Distributed Problem-Solving.
    (c) Resource Management.
    (i) Air Traffic Control (ATC) activities and workload.
    (ii) Flightcrew activities and workload.
    (iii) Maintenance activities and workload.
    (iv) Operations Control Staff activities and workload.
    B. Applied Dispatching.
    (1) Briefing techniques, Dispatcher, Pilot.
    (2) Preflight:
    (a) Safety.
    (b) Weather Analysis.
    (i) Satellite imagery.
    (ii) Upper and lower altitude charts.
    (iii) Significant enroute reports and forecasts
    (iv) Surface charts.
    (v) Surface observations.
    (vi) Terminal forecasts and orientation to Enhanced Weather 
Information System (EWINS).
    (c) NOTAMS and airport conditions.
    (d) Crew.
    (i) Qualifications.
    (ii) Limitations.
    (e) Aircraft.
    (i) Systems.
    (ii) Navigation instruments and avionics systems.
    (iii) Flight instruments.
    (iv) Operations manuals and MEL/CDL.
    (v) Performance and limitations.
    (f) Flight Planning.
    (i) Route of flight.
    1. Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Terminal Arrival 
Routes.
    2. En route charts.
    3. Operational altitude.
    4. Departure and arrival charts.
    (ii) Minimum departure fuel.
    1. Climb.
    2. Cruise.
    3. Descent.
    (g) Weight and balance.
    (h) Economics of flight overview (Performance, Fuel Tankering).
    (i) Decision to operate the flight.
    (j) ATC flight plan filing.
    (k) Flight documentation.
    (i) Flight plan.
    (ii) Dispatch release.
    (3) Authorize flight departure with concurrence of pilot in 
command.
    (4) In-flight operational control:
    (a) Current situational awareness.
    (b) Information exchange.
    (c) Amend original flight release as required.
    (5) Post-Flight.
    (a) Arrival verification.
    (b) Weather debrief.
    (c) Flight irregularity reports as required.

    Issued in Washington, DC, on October 6, 1998.
Richard O. Gordon,
Acting Director, Flight Standards Service.
[FR Doc. 98-27524 Filed 10-16-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M