[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 184 (Wednesday, September 23, 1998)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 50824-50836]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-25453]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 60

[AD-FRL-6163-8]
RIN 2060-A622


Amendments to Standards of Performance for New Stationary 
Sources; Monitoring Requirements

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Supplemental proposal.

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SUMMARY: Today's action proposes to incorporate by reference into 
Performance Specification 1 (PS-1): Specifications and Test Procedures 
for

[[Page 50825]]

Opacity Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary Sources 
(40 CFR part 60, Appendix B) the standard practice developed by 
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) entitled ``Standard 
Practice for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Manufacturers to Certify 
Design Conformance and Monitor Calibration,'' Document number D6216. 
This proposal is a supplement to actions published in the Federal 
Register on November 25, 1994 (59 FR 60585). ASTM D6216 helps to ensure 
that continuous opacity monitoring systems (COMS) meet the most current 
minimum design and calibration requirements. This proposal also 
contains revision to Subpart A, Secs. 60.13 and 60.17, as well as 
editorial corrections to PS-1 other than the incorporations by 
reference.

DATES: Comments. Comments must be received on or before November 23, 
1998.
    Public Hearing. If anyone contacts EPA requesting to speak at a 
public hearing by October 14, 1998, a public hearing will be held on 
October 23, 1998 beginning at 10 a.m. Persons interested in attending 
the hearing should call the contact person mentioned under ADDRESSES to 
verify that a hearing will be held.
    Request to Speak at Hearing. Persons wishing to present oral 
testimony at the public hearing must contact EPA by October 6, 1998.

ADDRESSES: Comments. Comments should be submitted (in duplicate if 
possible) to: Air Docket Section (LE-131), Attention: Docket No. A-91-
07, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., 
Washington, DC 20460.
    Public Hearing. If anyone contacts EPA requesting a public hearing, 
it will be held at EPA's Emission Measurement Center, Research Triangle 
Park, North Carolina. Persons interested in attending the hearing or 
wishing to present oral testimony should contact Mr. Solomon O. Ricks, 
Emission Measurement Center (MD-19), Emissions, Monitoring, and 
Analysis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research 
Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, telephone number (919) 541-5242.
    Background Information. The background information for this 
proposal may be obtained from: Air Docket Section (MC-6102), Attention: 
Docket No. A-91-07, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Room M-1500, 
First Floor, Waterside Mall, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460. 
The background information contains correspondence between EPA and ASTM 
during the development of the ASTM standard practice.
    Docket. A docket, No. A-91-07, containing information relevant to 
this rulemaking, is available for public inspection between 8:30 a.m. 
and noon and 1:30 p.m. and 3:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, at EPA's 
Air Docket Section, Room M-1500, First Floor, Waterside Mall, 401 M 
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460. A reasonable fee may be charged for 
copying. A copy of the ASTM D6216 standard practice is included in the 
docket.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
For information concerning the standard, contact Mr. Solomon Ricks at 
(919) 541-5242, Source Characterization Group A, Emissions, Monitoring, 
and Analysis Division (MD-19), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The following outline is provided to aid in 
reading the preamble to the supplemental proposal:

I. Introduction
II. Summary of Changes
    A. Design Specifications Verification Procedures
    B. Performance Specifications Verification Procedures
    C. Other Revisions
III. Administrative Requirements
    A. Docket
    B. Executive Order 12866
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    D. Paperwork Reduction Act
    E. Unfunded Mandates Act
    F. Executive Order 12875
    G. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
    H. Executive Order 13045
    I. Executive Order 13084

I. Introduction

    PS-1, Specifications and Test Procedures for Opacity Continuous 
Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary Sources (40 CFR Part 60, 
Appendix B) was first published in the Federal Register on October 6, 
1975 (40 FR 64250). An amendment to PS-1 was published on March 30, 
1983 (48 FR 13322).
    Additional experience with the procedures of PS-1 led EPA to 
propose a second set of revisions proposed in the Federal Register (59 
FR 60585) on November 25, 1994. These revisions were intended to (1) 
clarify owner and operator and monitor vendor obligations, (2) reaffirm 
and update COMS design and performance requirements, and (3) provide 
EPA and affected facilities with equipment assurances for carrying out 
effective monitoring. Today's proposal supplements the November 25, 
1994 proposal and will further contribute to the goal of updating COMS 
design and performance requirements.
    These revisions to subpart A and PS-1 will apply to all COMS 
installed or replaced after the date of promulgation for purposes of 
monitoring opacity, as required in the Code of Federal Regulations 
(CFR). These requirements may also apply to stationary sources located 
in a State, District, Reservation, or Territory that have adopted these 
requirements into their implementation plan. Following promulgation, a 
source owner, operator, or manufacturer will be subject to these 
requirements if installing a new COMS, relocating a COMS, replacing a 
COMS, recertifying a COMS that has undergone substantial refurbishing 
(in the opinion of the enforcing agency), or has been specifically 
required to recertify the COMS with these revisions.

II. Summary of Changes

    Section 12 of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act 
of 1995 (NTTAA) aims to reduce costs to the private and public sectors 
by requiring federal agencies to draw upon any existing, suitable 
technical standards used in commerce or industry. To comply with NTTAA, 
which went into effect in March 1996, EPA must consider and use 
voluntary consensus standards (VCS's), if available and applicable, 
unless such use is inconsistent with law or otherwise impractical.
    In compliance with NTTAA, this proposal incorporates by reference 
ASTM standard D6216. The ASTM D6216 will be referenced in 40 CFR part 
60, Sec. 60.17. The development of D6216 was undertaken as a result of 
discussions between representatives of ASTM and EPA during September 
1996. The ASTM agreed to develop D6216 to assist EPA in overcoming 
technical issues with opacity monitors. The additional design and 
performance specifications and test procedures included in D6216 
eliminate many of the performance problems that EPA encountered and 
contribute to ensuring the quality of opacity monitoring results 
without restricting future technological development. ASTM believes 
that purchasers of opacity monitoring equipment meeting all of the 
requirements of D6216 are assured that the opacity monitoring equipment 
meets all of the design requirements of PS-1 and additional design 
specifications that eliminate many of the operational problems that 
were encountered in the field. The standard will be incorporated as 
presented in the following sections A and B.

[[Page 50826]]

A. Design Specifications Verification Procedures

    This proposal incorporates the design specification verification 
procedures from ASTM standard D6216 in their entirety. Included in ASTM 
D6216 are three new design specification verification procedures that 
will ensure the accuracy of opacity monitor data is not affected by 
fluctuations in supply voltage, ambient temperature, and ambient light. 
Therefore, EPA is proposing the addition of verification procedures 
for: (a) Insensitivity to supply voltage variations, (b) thermal 
stability, and (c) insensitivity to ambient light.
    The proposed revisions would move the simulated zero and upscale 
calibration requirements from section 7 (Performance Specifications 
Verification Procedures) in November 25, 1994 proposal to section 6 
(Design Specification Verification Procedures). ASTM standard D6216 
provides procedures for calibration check devices, as well as automated 
mechanisms to determine simulated zero and upscale calibration drift. 
The Agency is requesting comments on these proposed revisions, and in 
particular on the use of ASTM standard D6216.

B. Performance Specifications Verification Procedures

    In a reversal from the November 25, 1994 proposed revisions to PS-1 
which placed the responsibility of some tests on the owner and 
operator, this proposal places the responsibility of performing the: 
(a) Calibration error test, (b) instrument response time test, and (c) 
optical alignment indicator test, on the manufacturer. Under this 
proposal, these tests and the equipment preparation would be performed 
prior to shipping the COMS to the owner or operator. ASTM explained to 
the EPA that the manufacturers would be conducting these tests on each 
monitor and also that the manufacturers were more adequately equipped 
with test stands for doing these tests than the owner and operator at 
the facility.
    This proposal also incorporates by reference the procedures for 
these tests from ASTM standard D6216. The Agency requests comments on 
these proposed revisions, and in particular on the use of ASTM standard 
D6216.

C. Other Revisions

    This proposal also contains some revisions to 40 CFR part 60, 
Sec. 60.13(d)(1) and several revisions or corrections to PS-1. Those 
revisions and corrections are summarized below. The Agency requests 
comments on these proposed changes.
    We propose the following two revisions to Sec. 60.13(d)(1):

    (1) Change the zero and span calibration levels to be based on 
the applicable opacity standard; therefore, proper operation of the 
monitor near the emission standard can be confirmed on a daily 
basis, and
    (2) Revise the statement about calibration materials as defined 
in the applicable version of PS-1; EPA's intent is to have only one 
version of PS-1.

    The Agency proposes the following revisions for section 2, 
Definitions, of PS-1:

    (1) Replace section 2.3 Calibration Drift with Upscale 
Calibration Drift and being moved to section 2.23. This change 
causes the remaining definition subsection numbers to change.
    (2) Modify several definitions to be consistent with ASTM D6216.
    (3) Add definitions for the following three procedures to be 
consistent with ASTM D6216: External Adjustment, Intrinsic 
Adjustment, and Zero Compensation.

    We propose the following modifications and corrections to section 
4, Installation Specifications, of PS-1:

    (1) Since a new design performance specification now requires 
that the opacity monitor exhibit no interference from ambient light, 
modify section 4.1 by removing 4.1(d).
    (2) Reorganize section 4 because sections 4.1 and 4.2 were both 
titled Measurement Location.

    We propose the following revisions to section 5, Design 
Specifications, of PS-1:

    (1) Add design specifications criteria for,
    (a) insensitivity to supply voltage variation,
    (b) thermal stability, and
    (c) insensitivity to ambient light.
    (2) Revise the requirement to display and record changes to the 
pathlength correction factor (PLCF) such that the PLCF must not be 
changeable and an alarm must activate when the PLCF is changed.
    (3) Update table 1-1 to reflect the revised and added design 
specifications.

    We also propose to revise section 7 as follows:

    (1) Revise table 1-3 in section 7 so that the opacity values 
used for the calibration error test ensure the accuracy of the 
opacity monitor near the opacity standard. The November 25, 1994 
proposed revisions did not check the accuracy of the COMS at or near 
the applicable standard.
    (2) Revise section 7.1.3.1.3 to reduce the calibration frequency 
of primary attenuators used for calibration of secondary 
attenuators. ASTM assured EPA that when primary attenuators are used 
only to calibrate secondary attenuators, and they are stored in a 
protective case, scratching or other degradation of their surface is 
virtually eliminated.
    (3) Revise section 7.1.3.2 to reduce the calibration frequency 
of secondary attenuators. ASTM explained to EPA that unless a 
secondary filter was severely damaged, the calibration would not 
change over a six-month period.
    (4) Revise section 7.3, operational test period, to clarify the 
sources operating status during the 336-hour test period. During the 
operational test period, the source should operate in its normal 
operating mode. Therefore, if normal operations contain routine 
source shutdowns, the source's down periods are included in the 336-
hour operational test period. Also, the interval between when 
external zero and calibration adjustments can be made has been 
extended from 24 hours to 168 hours.

III. Administrative Requirements

A. Docket

    The docket is an organized and complete file of all information 
submitted or otherwise considered by EPA in the development of this 
proposed rulemaking. The principal purposes of the docket are: (1) to 
allow interested parties to identify and locate documents so that they 
can effectively participate in the rulemaking process, and (2) to serve 
as the record in case of judicial review (except for interagency review 
materials) [Clean Air Act Section 307(d)(7)(A)].

B. Executive Order 12866

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735 October 4, 1993), the EPA 
is required to judge whether a regulatory action is ``significant'' and 
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and 
the requirements of this Executive Order. The Order defines 
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a 
rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million 
or more, or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of 
the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere 
with an action taken or planned by another agency; (3) materially alter 
the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan 
programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients thereof; or (4) 
raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the 
President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive 
Order.
    Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been 
determined that this rule is not ``significant'' because none of the 
listed criteria apply to this action. Consequently, this action was not 
submitted to OMB for review under Executive Order 12866.

[[Page 50827]]

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency 
to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to 
notice and comment rulemaking requirements unless the agency certifies 
that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small 
businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, and small governmental 
jurisdictions. This proposed rule would not have a significant impact 
on a substantial number of small entities because no additional cost 
will be incurred by such entities because of the changes specified by 
the rule. The requirements of the proposal reaffirm the existing 
requirements for demonstrating conformance with the COMS PS's. Small 
entities will be affected to the same degree that they are affected 
under existing requirements. Therefore, I certify that this action will 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

D. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule does not contain any information collection 
requirements subject to the Office of Management and Budget review 
under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

E. Unfunded Mandates Act

    Under Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 
(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), the EPA must prepare a budgetary impact 
statement to accompany any proposed rule, or any final rule for which a 
notice of proposed rulemaking was published, that includes a Federal 
mandate that may result in estimated costs to State, local, or tribal 
governments in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million 
or more in any one year. Under Section 205, if a budgetary impact 
statement is required under section 202, the EPA must select the least 
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that 
achieves the objective of the rule, unless the Agency explains why this 
alternative is not selected or the selection of this alternative is 
inconsistent with law. Section 203 requires the EPA to establish a plan 
for informing and advising any small governments that may be 
significantly or uniquely impacted by the rule. Section 204 requires 
the Agency to develop a process to allow elected state, local, and 
tribal government officials to provide input in the development of any 
proposal containing a significant Federal intergovernmental mandate.
    The EPA has determined that this proposed rule does not include a 
Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of $100 million or 
more to either State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate, or 
to the private sector. The EPA has also determined that this proposed 
rule does not significantly or uniquely impact small governments. 
Therefore, the requirements of the Unfunded Mandates Act do not apply 
to this action.

F. Executive Order 12875

    Executive Order 12875 applies to the promulgation of any regulation 
that is not required by statute and that creates a mandate upon a 
State, local, or tribal government. Today's action does not impose any 
unfunded mandate upon any State, local, or tribal government; 
therefore, Executive Order 12875 does not apply to this rulemaking.

G. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 
(NTTAA), section 12(d), Pub. L. 104-113, generally requires federal 
agencies and departments to use technical standards that are developed 
or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies, using such 
technical standards as a means to carry out policy objectives or 
activities determined by the agencies and departments. If use of such 
technical standards is inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise 
impractical, a federal agency or department may elect to use technical 
standards that are not developed or adopted by voluntary consensus 
standards bodies if the head of the agency or department transmits to 
the Office of Management and Budget an explanation of the reasons for 
using such standards.
    To comply with NTTA, which went into effect in March 1996, EPA must 
consider and use voluntary consensus standards (VCS's) if available and 
applicable. Today's action proposes to incorporate a VCS developed and 
adopted by ASTM, standard D6216. ASTM agreed to develop D6216 to assist 
EPA in overcoming technical issues with opacity monitors.

H. Executive Order 13045

    Executive Order 13045 applies to any rule that EPA determines (1) 
is ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order 12866, 
and (2) addresses an environmental health or safety risk that has a 
disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets 
both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health or 
safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the 
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and 
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency. This 
proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because this is 
not an economically significant regulatory action as defined by E.O. 
12866.

I. Executive Order 13084

    Under Executive Order 13084, EPA may not issue a regulation that is 
not required by statute, that significantly or uniquely affects the 
communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes substantial 
direct compliance costs on those communities, unless the Federal 
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance 
costs incurred by the tribal governments. If the mandate is unfunded, 
EPA must provide to the Office of Management and Budget, in a 
separately identified section of the preamble to the rule, a 
description of the extent of EPA's proper consultation with 
representatives of affected tribal governments, a summary of the nature 
of their concerns, and a statement supporting the need to issue the 
regulation. In addition, Executive Order 13084 requires EPA to develop 
an effective process permitting elected and other representatives of 
Indian tribal governments ``to provide meaningful and timely input in 
the development of regulatory policies on matters that significantly or 
uniquely affect their communities.'' Today's rule does not 
significantly or uniquely affect the communities of Indian tribal 
governments. Accordingly, the requirements of section 3(b) of Executive 
Order 13084 do not apply to this rule.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Continuous 
emission monitoring, Opacity, Particulate matter, Performance 
specification, Preparation, Transmissometer.

    Dated: September 15, 1998.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.

BILLING CODE 6560-50-M

    The EPA proposes that 40 CFR part 60 be amended as follows:
    1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, 7411, 7413, 7414, 7416, 7601, and 
7602.

    2. Section 60.13 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(1) as 
follows:

[[Page 50828]]

Sec. 60.13  Monitoring requirements.

* * * * *
    (d)(1) Owners and operators of continuous emission monitoring 
systems (CEMS's) installed in accordance with the provisions of this 
part, shall automatically check the zero (or low level value between 0 
and 20 percent of span value) and span (50 to 100 percent of span 
value) calibration drifts (CD's) at least once daily. For CEMS's used 
to measure opacity in accordance with the provisions of this part, 
owners and operators shall automatically, intrinsic to the continuous 
opacity monitoring system (COMS), check the zero and upscale 
calibration drifts at least once daily. For a COMS, the acceptable 
range of zero and upscale calibration values shall be as defined in PS-
1 in appendix B of this part. Where an opacity standard of 10 percent 
or less, corrected to stack exit conditions, has been specified, a 
surrogate 10 percent opacity standard shall be used for determining the 
daily calibration values for the drift assessments required above. The 
zero and upscale value shall, as a minimum, be adjusted whenever either 
the 24-hour zero drift or the 24-hour span drift exceeds two times the 
limit of the applicable PS in appendix B of this part. The system must 
allow the amount of the excess zero and span drift to be recorded and 
quantified whenever specified. For COMS's, the optical surfaces, 
exposed to the effluent gases, shall be cleaned prior to performing the 
zero and span drift adjustments, except for systems using automatic 
zero adjustments. The optical surfaces shall be cleaned when the 
cumulative automatic zero compensation exceeds 4 percent opacity.
* * * * *
    3. Section 60.17 is amended by adding (a)(64) as follows:


Sec. 60.17  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (64) ASTM D6216-97 Standard Practice for Continuous Opacity 
Monitoring Manufacturers to Certify Design Conformance and Monitor 
Calibration, IBR approved ____________ (date of publication of final 
rule in the Federal Register) for appendix B, PS-1.
* * * * *
    3. Appendix B, Part 60, Performance Specification 1 is amended by 
revising sections 1. introductory text, 1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 2, 3 
introductory text, 3.1 introductory text, 4, 5 introductory text, 
5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5, 5.1.6, 5.1.7, 5.1.8, 5.1.9, 5.1.10, 5.1.11, 
5.1.12, 5.1.13, 6.7 introductory text, 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3 
introductory text, 7.1.3.1.3, 7.1.3.2, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.2 
introductory text, 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, 7.3.4 introductory text, 9 
introductory text, 9.1 introductory text, 9.1.b., h. k & l, 9.2 
introductory text, 9.2g, h., i, j, k, l, m, & n, 9.3 introductory text, 
9.3a, c, e, & f, 9.4, 9.5, 9.5.1 introductory text, 9.5.1 (4), (5), 
(6), (7), 9.6, 10.6 & 10.7 to read as follows:

APPENDIX B--PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

* * * * *
    PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 1--Specifications and Test Procedures 
for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems in Stationary Sources
    1.  Applicability and Principle.
    1.1  Applicability.
* * * * *
    1.1.2  Performance Specification 1 (PS-1) applies to COMS's 
installed on or after ____________ (30 days after the date of 
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register).
    1.1.3  A COMS installed before __________ (30 days after the 
date of publication of the final rule in the Federal Register) need 
not be re-tested to demonstrate compliance with these PS's unless 
specifically required by regulatory action other than the 
promulgation of PS-1. If a COMS installed prior to ____________ (30 
days after the date of publication of the final rule in the Federal 
Register) is replaced or relocated, this PS-1 shall apply to the 
COMS replacement or as relocated.
* * * * *
    2.  Definitions.
    In addition to the definitions listed below, this specification 
also includes the definitions found in ASTM standard D6216 
(incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR 60.17)
    2.1  Angle of Projection (AOP). The angle that contains all of 
the radiation projected from the light source of the analyzer at a 
level of greater than 2.5 percent of the peak illuminance.
    2.2  Angle of View (AOV). The angle that contains all of the 
radiation detected by the photodetector assembly of the analyzer at 
a level greater than 2.5 percent of the peak detector response.
    2.3  Calibration Error. The sum of the absolute value of the 
mean difference and confidence coefficient for the opacity values 
indicated by an opacity monitoring system as compared to the known 
values of three calibration attenuators under clear path conditions 
when the monitor is optically aligned.
    2.4  Centroid Area. A concentric area that is geometrically 
similar to the stack or duct cross-section and is no greater than 1 
percent of the stack or duct cross-sectional area.
    2.5  Continuous Opacity Monitoring System. The total equipment 
required for continuous monitoring of effluent opacity, averaging of 
emission measurement data, and permanently recording monitor 
results. The system consists of the following major subsystems:
    2.5.1  Opacity Monitor. The measurement instrument used for the 
continuous determination of the opacity of the effluent released to 
the atmosphere. An opacity monitor includes a transmissometer, a 
means to correct opacity measurements to equivalent single pass 
opacity values that would be observed at the emission outlet 
pathlength, and all other interface and peripheral equipment 
necessary for continuous operation.
    2.5.2  Data Recorder. That portion of the installed COMS that 
provides a permanent record of the opacity monitor output in terms 
of opacity. The data recorder may include automatic data reduction 
capabilities.
    2.6  Dust Compensation. A method or procedure for systematically 
adjusting the output of a transmissometer to account for reduction 
in transmitted light reaching the detector (apparent increase in 
opacity) that is specifically due to the accumulation of dust on the 
exposed optical surfaces of the transmissometer.
    2.7  External Adjustment. Either a manual, physical adjustment 
made by the user (operator) to a component of the COMS that affects 
the COMS's response or performance, or an adjustment applied by the 
data acquisition system which is external to the opacity monitor.
    2.8  External Audit Device. The inherent design, equipment, or 
accommodation of the opacity monitor allowing the independent 
assessment of the COMS's calibration and operation.
    2.9  External Zeroing Device (Zero-Jig). An external, removable 
device for simulating or checking the across stack zero of the COMS.
    2.10  Full Scale. The maximum data display output of the COMS. 
For purposes of recordkeeping and reporting, full scale shall be 
greater than 80 percent opacity.
    2.11  Intrinsic Adjustment. An automatic and essential feature 
of an opacity monitor that provides for the internal control of 
specific components or adjustment of the monitor response in a 
manner consistent with the manufacturer's design of the instrument 
and its intended operation.
    2.12  Mean Spectral Response. The mean response wavelength of 
the wavelength distribution for the effective spectral response 
curve of the transmissometer.
    2.13  Opacity. The fraction of incident light that is 
attenuated, due to absorption, reflection, and scattering, by an 
optical medium. Opacity (Op) and transmittance (Tr) are related by: 
Op = 1-Tr.
    2.14  Operational Test Period. A period of time (336 hours) 
during which the COMS is expected to operate within the established 
performance specifications without any unscheduled maintenance, 
repair, or adjustment.
    2.15  Optical Density. A logarithmic measure of the amount of 
incident light attenuated. Optical Density (OD) is related to the 
transmittance and opacity as follows: OD = -log10 (1-Op).
    2.16  Pathlength. The depth of effluent in the light beam 
between the receiver and the transmitter of a single-pass 
transmissometer, or the depth of effluent between the transceiver 
and reflector of a double-pass transmissometer. Three pathlengths 
are referenced by this specification as follows:

[[Page 50829]]

    2.16.1  Emission Outlet Pathlength. The pathlength (depth of 
effluent) at the location where emissions are released to the 
atmosphere. For circular stacks, the emission outlet pathlength is 
the internal diameter at the stack exit. For noncircular outlets, 
the emission outlet pathlength is the hydraulic diameter. For square 
stacks: D = (2LW)/(L + W), where L is the length of the outlet and W 
is the width of the outlet. Note that this definition does not apply 
to positive pressure baghouse outlets with multiple stacks, side 
discharge vents, ridge roof monitors, etc.
    2.16.2  Installation Pathlength. The installation flange-to-
flange distance between the receiver and the transmitter of a 
single-pass transmissometer or between the transceiver and reflector 
of a double-pass transmissometer. The installation pathlength is to 
be used for the optical alignment, response, and calibration error 
tests of section 7.
    2.16.3  Monitoring Pathlength. The effective depth of effluent 
(the distance over which the light beam is actually evaluating the 
stack effluent) measured by the COMS at the installation location. 
Monitoring pathlength is to be used for calculation of the 
pathlength correction factor (PLCF). The effective depth of effluent 
measured by the COMS must be equal to or greater than 90 percent of 
the distance between duct or stack walls.
    2.17  Peak Spectral Response. The wavelength of maximum 
sensitivity of the transmissometer.
    2.18  Primary Attenuators. Primary attenuators are those 
calibrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
(NIST).
    2.19  Response Time. The amount of time it takes the COMS to 
display on the data recorder 95 percent of a step change in opacity.
    2.20  Secondary Attenuators. Secondary attenuators are those 
calibrated against primary attenuators according to procedures in 
section 7.1.3.
    2.21  Transmissometer. An instrument used for the in-situ 
measurement of light transmittance in a particulate-laden gas 
stream. Single pass transmissometers consist of a light source and 
detector components mounted on opposite ends of the measurement 
path. Double pass instruments consist of a transceiver (including 
both light source and detector components) and a reflector mounted 
on opposite ends of the measurement path.
    2.22  Transmittance. The fraction of incident light that is 
transmitted through an optical medium.
    2.23  Upscale Calibration Drift (CD). The difference in the COMS 
output readings from the upscale calibration value after a stated 
period of normal continuous operation during which no unscheduled 
maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place.
    2.24  Upscale Calibration Value. The opacity value at which a 
calibration check of the COMS is performed by simulating an upscale 
opacity condition as viewed by the detector. An opacity value 
(corrected for pathlength) that is 150 to 190 percent of the 
applicable opacity standard.
    2.25  Zero Calibration Drift. The difference in the COMS output 
readings from the zero calibration value after a stated period of 
normal continuous operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, 
repair, or adjustment had taken place.
    2.26  Zero Calibration Value. A value at which a calibration 
check of the COMS is performed by simulating a zero opacity 
condition as viewed by the detector. An opacity value (corrected for 
pathlength) that is 0 to 10 percent of the applicable opacity 
standard.
    2.27  Zero and Upscale Calibration Value Attenuator System. An 
inherent system of the COMS that can be an automatic electro-
mechanical and filter system used for simulating both a zero and 
upscale calibration value and providing an assessment and record on 
the calibration of the instrument. Optical filters or screens with 
neutral spectral characteristics, or other device that produces a 
zero or an upscale calibration value shall be used.
    2.28  Zero Compensation. An automatic adjustment of the 
transmissometer to achieve the correct response to the zero 
calibration value.
    3. Apparatus.
    3.1  Continuous Opacity Monitoring System. A COMS includes an 
opacity monitor that meets the design and PS's of PS-1 and a 
suitable data recorder, such as an analog strip chart recorder or 
other suitable device (e.g., digital computer), with an input signal 
range compatible with the analyzer output.
* * * * *
    4. Installation Specifications.
    Install the COMS at a location where the opacity measurements 
are representative of the total emissions from the affected 
facility. This requirement can be met as follows:
    4.1  Measurement Location. Select a measurement location that is 
(a) at least 4 duct diameters downstream from all partic-ulate 
control equipment or flow disturbance, (b) at least 2 duct diameters 
upstream of a flow disturbance, (c) where condensed water vapor is 
not present, and (d) accessible in order to permit maintenance.
    4.1.1  The primary concern in locating a COMS is determining a 
location of well-mixed stack gas. Two factors contribute to complete 
mixing of emission gases: turbulence and sufficient mixing time. The 
criteria listed below define conditions under which well-mixed 
emissions can be expected. Select a light beam path that passes 
through the centroidal area of the stack or duct. Additional 
requirements or modifications must be met for the following 
locations:
    4.1.1.1  If the location is in a straight vertical section of 
stack or duct and is less than 4 equivalent diameters downstream 
from a bend, use a light beam path that is in the plane defined by 
the upstream bend (see figure 1-1).
    4.1.1.2  If the location is in a straight vertical section of 
stack or duct and is less than 4 equivalent stack or duct diameters 
upstream from a bend, use a light beam path that is in the plane 
defined by the downstream bend (see figure 1-2).
    4.1.1.3  If the location is in a straight vertical section of 
stack or duct and is less than 4 equivalent stack or duct diameters 
downstream and is also less than 1 diameter upstream from a bend, 
use a light beam path in the plane defined by the upstream bend (see 
figure 1-3).
    4.1.1.4  If the location is in a horizontal section of stack or 
duct and is at least 4 equivalent stack or duct diameters downstream 
from a vertical bend, use a light beam path in the horizontal plane 
that is between \1/3\ and \1/2\ the distance up the vertical axis 
from the bottom of the duct (see figure 1-4).
    4.1.1.5  If the location is in a horizontal section of duct and 
is less than 4 diameters downstream from a vertical bend, use a 
light beam path in the horizontal plane that is between \1/2\ and 
\2/3\ the distance up the vertical axis from the bottom of the duct 
for upward flow in the vertical section, and is between \1/3\ and 
\1/2\ the distance up the vertical axis from the bottom of the duct 
for downward flow (figure 1-5).
    4.2  Alternative Locations and Light Beam Paths. Locations and 
light beam paths, other than those cited above, may be selected by 
demonstrating, to the Administrator or delegated agent, that the 
average opacity measured at the alternative location or path is 
equivalent to the opacity as measured at a location meeting the 
criteria of section 4.1. The opacity at the alternative location is 
considered equivalent if the average opacity value measured at the 
alternative location is within 10 percent of the average 
opacity value measured at the location meeting the installation 
criteria in section 4.1, and the difference between any two average 
opacity values is less than 2 percent opacity (absolute). To conduct 
this demonstration, simultaneously measure the opacities at the two 
locations or paths for a minimum period of time (e.g., 180-minutes) 
covering the range of normal operating conditions and compare the 
results. The opacities of the two locations or paths may be measured 
at different times, but must represent the same process operating 
conditions. Alternative procedures for determining acceptable 
locations may be used if approved by the Administrator.
    4.3  Slotted Tube. For COMS that uses a slotted tube, the 
slotted tube must be of sufficient size and orientation so as not to 
interfere with the free flow of effluent through the entire optical 
volume of the COMS photodetector. The manufacturer must also present 
information in the certificate of conformance that the slotted tube 
minimizes light reflections. As a minimum, this demonstration shall 
consist of laboratory operation of the COMS both with, and without 
the slotted tube in position. The slotted portion must meet the 
monitoring pathlength requirements of 2.16.3.
    5. Design Specifications.
* * * * *
    5.1.2  Angle of View. The total AOV shall be no greater than 4 
degrees for all radiation above 2.5 percent of peak.
    5.1.3  Angle of Projection. The total AOP shall be no greater 
than 4 degrees for all radiation above 2.5 percent of peak.
    5.1.4  Optical Alignment Indicator. Each opacity monitor must 
provide some method for visually or electronically determining that 
each separate portion of the COMS, the transmitter or transceiver 
and detector or

[[Page 50830]]

reflector, is optically aligned with respect to the optical axis of 
the system. The method provided must be capable of clearly 
indicating that the unit is misaligned when an error of no greater 
than 2 percent opacity occurs due to misalignment at the 
installation pathlength. Instruments that are capable of providing a 
clear path zero check while in operation on a stack or duct with 
effluent present, and while maintaining the same optical alignment 
during measurement and calibration, need not meet this requirement 
(e.g., some ``zero pipe'' units). The owner and operator shall 
insure that the COMS manufacturer's written procedures and the 
certificate of conformance depict the correct alignment and the 
misalignment corresponding to a 2 percent opacity shift 
as viewed using the alignment sight.
    5.1.5  Insensitivity to Supply Voltage Variation. The opacity 
monitor output shall not deviate more than 1.0 percent 
single pass opacity for variations in the supply voltage over 
10 percent from nominal or the range specified by the 
manufacturer, whichever is greater. The zero and upscale calibration 
responses at the minimum and maximum supply voltages shall not vary 
by more than 1.0 percent single pass opacity relative to 
the responses at the nominal supply voltage.
    5.1.6  Thermal Stability. The opacity monitor output shall not 
deviate more than 2.0 percent single pass opacity per 
40 deg.F change in ambient temperature over the range specified by 
the manufacturer. The zero and upscale calibration responses at the 
minimum and maximum temperatures shall not vary by more than 
2.0 percent single pass opacity per 40 deg.F change in 
temperature relative to the responses at the initial temperature.
    5.1.7  Insensitivity to Ambient Light. The opacity monitor 
output shall not deviate more than 2.0 percent single 
pass opacity relative to the initial response for any six-minute 
period from sunrise to sunset.
    5.1.8  Simulated Zero and Upscale Calibration System. Each 
analyzer must include a calibration system for simulating a zero and 
upscale calibration value. This calibration system must provide, as 
a minimum, a simultaneous system check of all of the active analyzer 
internal optics, all active electronic circuitry including the 
primary light source (lamp) and photodetector assembly, and electro-
mechanical systems used during normal measurement operation.
    5.1.9  Automated Zero and Upscale Value Compensation Recorder, 
Indicator, and Alarm. The COMS shall provide an automated means for 
determining and recording the actual amount of 24-hour zero 
compensation on a daily basis. The COMS also shall provide an alarm 
(visual or audible) when a 4 percent opacity zero 
compensation has been exceeded. This indicator shall be at a 
location which can be seen or heard by the operator (e.g., process 
control room) and accessible to the operator (e.g., the data output 
terminal).
    5.1.9.1  During the operational test period, the COMS also must 
provide a means for determining and automatically recording the 
actual amount of upscale calibration value compensation at specified 
2-hour intervals so that the actual 2-hour upscale calibration value 
shift can be determined (see section 7.3.3).
    5.1.9.2  The determination of dirt accumulation on all surfaces 
exposed to the effluent being measured shall include only those 
surfaces in the direct path of the measuring light beam under normal 
opacity measurement and with the zero calibration value in place or 
equivalent mechanism necessary for the dirt compensation 
measurement. The dust accumulation must actually be measured.
    5.1.10  External Calibration Filter Access. The COMS must be 
designed to accommodate an independent assessment of the total 
systems response to external audit filters. An adequate design shall 
permit the use of external (i.e., not intrinsic to the instrument) 
neutral density filters to assess monitor operation during 
performance audits. The external audit filter access design shall 
ensure that the entire beam received by the detector will pass 
through the attenuator and that the attenuator is inserted in a 
manner which minimizes interference from the reflected light. This 
system may include an external audit zero-jig as identified in 
section 2.9.
    5.1.11  Pathlength Correction Factor Recording and Indicating 
System. The COMS shall display and record all opacity values 
corrected to the emission outlet pathlength. Equations 1-7 or 1-8 
may be used. The system shall be designed and constructed so that 
the PLCF cannot be changed by the end user, or is recorded during 
each calibration check cycle, or provides an alarm when the value is 
changed.
    5.1.12  External Fault Indicator. The installed COMS must 
provide a means to automatically alert the owner or operator when a 
component or performance parameter has failed or been exceeded 
(e.g., projector lamp failure, zero or upscale calibration error, 
purge air blower failure, data recorder failure). Indicator lights 
or alarms must be visible or audible to the operator(s).
    5.1.13  Data recorder resolution. The data recorder and data 
acquisition system shall record and display opacity values to 0.5 
percent opacity.

                 Table 1-1.--COMS Design Specifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Peak and mean spectral response.
 2. Angle of view.
 3. Angle of projection.
 4. Optical alignment indicator.
 5. Insensitivity to supply voltage variation.
 6. Thermal stability.
 7. Insensitivity to ambient light.
 8. Simulated zero and upscale calibration system.
 9. Automated zero and upscale value compensation recorder, indicator,
 and alarm.
10. External calibration filter access.
11. Pathlength correction factor recording and indicating system.
12. External fault indicator.
13. Data recorder resolution.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    6. Design Specifications Verification Procedures.
    These procedures apply to all instruments installed for purposes 
of complying with opacity monitoring requirements (see section 1.1, 
Applicability). The source owner or operator is responsible for the 
overall COMS performance demonstration required by the applicable 
standards. As an alternative, the COMS manufacturer may conduct the 
COMS design verification procedures called for in this section and 
provide to the source owner or operator a Manufacturer's Certificate 
of Conformance (MCOC). These procedures will be conducted, detailed, 
and the results submitted in the MCOC (section 9.5) as an integral 
part of each COMS demonstration required by the applicable 
standards. In order to assure that the design and procedures to 
demonstrate conformance with this section coincide with the design 
procedures as stated in the MCOC, the manufacturer is encouraged to 
seek an evaluation by the Administrator of the manufacturer's 
conformance demonstration practices. The procedures to demonstrate 
conformance with this section may require modification to 
accommodate instrument designs. All procedural modifications 
required to demonstrate conformance with the specifications of this 
section must be approved, in writing, by the Administrator. The 
owner and operator or the manufacturer, as appropriate, will obtain 
any approvals of modifications to the specifications of this section 
before regulatory agency review and acceptance of the overall COMS 
performance evaluations.
    6.1  Selection of Analyzer. A representative analyzer for each 
analyzer design will be selected for testing according to ASTM D6216 
(incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR Sec. 60.17), sections 6.1.1, 
6.1.2, and 6.1.3.
    6.2  Spectral Response. The spectral response test will be 
performed according to ASTM D6216 (incorporated by reference--see 40 
CFR Sec. 60.17), section 6.2.
    6.3  Angle of View and Angle of Projection. The procedures for 
verifying the AOV and AOP will be performed according to ASTM D6216 
(incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR Sec. 60.17), section 6.3.
    6.4  Insensitivity to Supply Voltage Variations. This design 
specification is to ensure that the accuracy of opacity monitoring 
data is not affected by supply voltage variations over the range 
specified by the manufacturer or 10 percent from 
nominal, whichever is greater. The test will be performed according 
to ASTM D6216 (incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR Sec. 60.17), 
section 6.4.
    6.5  Thermal Stability. This design specification is to ensure 
that the accuracy of opacity monitoring data is not affected by 
ambient temperature variations over the range specified by the 
manufacturer. This test procedure will be performed according to 
ASTM D6216 (incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR Sec. 60.17), 
section 6.5.
    6.6  Insensitivity to Ambient Light. This design specification 
is to ensure that the accuracy of opacity monitoring data is not 
affected by ambient light. The test will be performed according to 
ASTM D6216 (incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR 60.17), section 
6.6.

[[Page 50831]]

    6.7  Calibration Check Devices. Tests of devices used to 
determine simulated zero and upscale calibration will be performed 
according to ASTM D6216 (incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR 
60.17), section 6.9.
    6.8  Unacceptable Findings. Whenever a manufacturer finds that a 
COMS model does not conform to any of the design specification 
requirements of sections 6.2 through 6.7, the manufacturer will 
institute corrective action in accordance with its quality assurance 
program and remedy the cause of the unacceptable performance. The 
manufacturer will then test all of the monitors in the group and 
verify conformance with the design specifications for each monitor 
before they are shipped to the end users. Additionally, the 
manufacturer will notify and provide the findings to all source 
owners or operators that have received or installed such 
nonconforming COMS models manufactured after the date of the 
previous successful conformance demonstration. The manufacturer will 
submit copies of the purchaser notifications to the U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Director, Air Enforcement Division 
(AR 1119), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20044.
    7. Performance Specifications Verification Procedure.
    The owner and operator shall ensure that the following procedures 
and tests are performed on each COMS that conforms to the design 
specifications (Table 1-1) to determine conformance with the 
specifications of Table 1-2. The tests described in sections 7.1.4, 
7.1.5, and 7.1.6 shall be conducted at the manufacturer's facility.

                 Table 1-2.--Performance Specifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Parameter                         Specifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calibration error a.......................  3 percent
                                             opacity.
Response time.............................  10 seconds.
Operational test period b.................  336 hours.
Zero drift (24-hour) a....................  2 percent
                                             opacity.
Calibration drift (24-hour)...............  2 percent
                                             opacity.
Zero drift (1-hour).......................  2 percent
                                             opacity.
Calibration drift (1-hour)................  2 percent
                                             opacity.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Expressed as the sum of the absolute value of the mean and the
  absolute value of the confidence coefficient.
b During the operational test period, the COMS must not require any
  corrective maintenance, repair, replacement, or adjustment other than
  that clearly specified as routine and required in the operation and
  maintenance manuals.

    7.1  Preliminary Adjustments and Tests.
    7.1.1  Equipment Preparation.
    The equipment preparation shall be done according to ASTM D6216 
(incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR 60.17), sections 7.2, 7.3, 
and 7.4.
    7.1.2  Calibration Attenuator Selection.
    7.1.2.1  Based on the applicable opacity standard, select a 
minimum of three calibration attenuators (low-, mid-, and high-
level) based on the following opacity values presented in Table 1-3:

             Table 1-3.--Required Calibration Opacity Values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  10 to
            For opacity standard of                19%    20%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Level.....................................      5-10        10-20
Mid Level.....................................     10-20        20-30
High Level....................................     20-40        30-60
------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the applicable opacity standard is less than 10 percent, the 
selection of calibration attenuators shall be based on 10 percent 
opacity.
    7.1.2.2  Calculate the attenuator values required to obtain a 
system response equivalent to the applicable values in the ranges 
specified in table 1-3 using equation 1-1. Select attenuators having 
the values closest to those calculated by equation 1-1. A series of 
filters with actual opacity values relative to the values calculated 
are commercially available.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP23SE98.000

where:

OP1=Nominal opacity value of required low-, mid-, or 
high-range calibration attenuators.
OP2=Desired attenuator opacity value from Table 1-3 at 
the opacity standard required by the applicable subpart.
L1=Monitoring pathlength.
L2=Emission outlet pathlength.

    7.1.3  Attenuator Calibration.
* * * * *
    7.1.3.1.3  Recalibrate the primary attenuators used for the 
required calibration error test semi-annually. Recalibrate annually 
if the primary attenuators are used only for calibration of 
secondary attenuators.
    7.1.3.2  Secondary Attenuators. Calibrate the secondary 
attenuators, if used to conduct COMS calibration error tests, semi-
annually. The filter calibration may be conducted using a 
laboratory-based transmissometer calibrated as follows:
* * * * *
    7.1.4  Calibration Error Test. The calibration error test shall 
be performed according to ASTM D6216 (incorporated by reference--see 
40 CFR 60.17), section 7.8. Calculate the arithmetic mean 
difference, standard deviation, and confidence coefficient of the 
five tests at each attenuator value using equations 1-3, 1-4, and 1-
5 (sections 8.1 to 8.3). Calculate the calibration error as the sum 
of the absolute value of the mean difference and the 95 percent 
confidence coefficient for each of the three test attenuators. 
Report the calibration error test results for each of the three 
attenuators.
    7.1.5  Instrument Response Time Test. Instrument response time 
shall be determined according to ASTM D6216 (incorporated by 
reference--see 40 CFR 60.17), section 7.7.
    7.1.6  Optical Alignment Indicator. The optical alignment 
indicator performance test shall be done in accordance with ASTM 
D6216 (incorporated by reference--see 40 CFR Sec. 60.17), section 
7.9 .
    7.2  Preliminary Field Adjustments.
* * * * *
    7.3  Operational Test Period. Prior to conducting the 
operational testing, the owner and operator, or the manufacturer as 
appropriate, should have successfully completed all prior testing of 
the COMS. After completing all preliminary field adjustments 
(section 7.2), operate the COMS for an initial 336-hour test period 
while the source is operating under normal operating conditions. 
Except during times of instrument zero and upscale calibration 
checks, the owner and operator must ensure that they analyze the 
effluent gas for opacity and produce a permanent record of the COMS 
output. During this period, the owner and operator may not perform 
unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment to the COMS. The 
owner or operator may perform zero and calibration adjustments 
(i.e., external adjustments) only at 168-hour intervals. Perform 
exposed optical and other CEMS surface cleaning, and optical 
realignment only at 24-hour intervals. Automatic zero and 
calibration adjustments (i.e., intrinsic adjustments), made by the 
COMS without operator intervention or initiation, are allowable at 
any time. During the operational test period, record all 
adjustments, realignments, and exposed surface cleaning. At the end 
of the operational test period, verify and record that the COMS 
optical alignment is correct. If the operational test period is 
interrupted because of source breakdown or regularly scheduled 
source maintenance, continue the 336-hour period following 
resumption of source operation. If the test period is interrupted 
because of COMS failure, record the time when the failure occurred. 
After the failure is corrected, the 336-hour period and tests are 
restarted from the beginning (0-hour). During the operational test 
period, perform the following test procedures:
    7.3.1  Zero Calibration Drift Test. At the outset of the 336-
hour operational test period and at each 24-hour period, record the 
initial (Reference A) zero calibration value and upscale calibration 
value (UC Value), see example format figure 1-8. These values are 
the initial 336-hour value established during the optical and zero 
alignment procedure (see section 7.2.1 or 7.2.2). After each 24-hour 
interval, check and record the COMS zero response reading before any 
cleaning, optical realignment, and intrinsic adjustment. Perform any 
external zero and upscale calibration adjustments only at 168-hour 
periods. Perform exposed optical and other instrument surface 
cleaning, and optical realignment only at 24-hour intervals (or at 
such shorter intervals as the manufacturer's written instructions 
specify). If shorter intervals of zero and upscale adjustment are 
conducted, record the drift adjustment. However, adjustments and 
cleaning must be performed when the accumulated zero calibration 
drift or upscale calibration drift exceeds the 24-hour drift 
specification (2 percent opacity). From the initial zero 
calibration value and each 24-hour period zero readings, calculate 
the 24-hour zero calibration drift (CD). At the end of the 336-

[[Page 50832]]

hour period, calculate the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and 
confidence coefficient of the 24-hour zero CD's using equations 1-3, 
1-4, and 1-5. Calculate the sum of the absolute value of the mean 
and the absolute value of the confidence coefficient using equation 
1-6, and report this value as the 24-hour zero CD error.
    7.3.2  Upscale Calibration Drift Test. At each 24-hour interval, 
after the zero calibration value has been checked and any optional 
or required adjustments have been made, check and record the COMS 
response to the upscale calibration value. Compare the COMS response 
to the upscale calibration value established under the optical and 
zero alignment procedure of section 7.2.1 or 7.2.2 as the initial 
value. The upscale calibration established in section 7.2.1 shall be 
used each 24-hour period. From the initial upscale calibration value 
and each 24-hour period upscale readings, calculate the 24-hour 
upscale CD. At the end of the 336-hour period, calculate the 
arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and confidence coefficient of 
the 24-hour upscale CD using equations 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5. Calculate 
the sum of the absolute value of the mean and the absolute value of 
the confidence coefficient, and report this value as the 24-hour 
upscale CD error.
    7.3.3  Calibration Stability Test. Immediately following or 
during, the operational test period, conduct a calibration stability 
test over a 24-hour period. During this period, there will be no 
unscheduled maintenance, repair, manual adjustment of the zero and 
calibration values, exposed optical and other instrument surface 
cleaning, or optical realignment performed. Record the initial zero 
and upscale calibration opacity values and operate the monitor in a 
normal manner. After each 2-hour period, record the automatically 
corrected zero and upscale opacity values. Subtract the initial zero 
and upscale calibration values from each 2-hour adjusted value and 
record the difference. None of these differences shall exceed 
2 percent opacity. Figure 1-8 may be used for the 
recording of the results of this test.
    7.3.4  Retesting.
* * * * *
    9. Reporting.
    Report the following (summarize in tabular form where 
appropriate):
    9.1  General Information.
* * * * *
    b. Person(s) responsible for operational test period and 
affiliation.
* * * * *
    h. System span value, percent opacity.
* * * * *
    k. Upscale calibration value, percent opacity.
    l. Calibrated attenuator values (low-, mid-, and high-range), 
percent opacity.
    9.2  Design Specification Test Results.
* * * * *
    g. Maximum deviation of opacity as a result of supply voltage 
variation.
    h. Zero and upscale calibration responses at nominal voltage.
    i. Zero and upscale calibration responses at minimum and maximum 
supply voltage.
    j. Maximum deviation of opacity over ambient temperature range.
    k. Zero and upscale calibration responses at initial 
temperature.
    l. Zero and upscale calibration responses at minimum and maximum 
ambient temperature.
    m. Maximum percent opacity deviation for any 6-minute period 
during the day of the ambient light sensitivity test.
    n. Serial number, month/year of manufacturer for unit actually 
tested to show design conformance.
    9.3  Performance Specification Test Results.
    a. Results of optical alignment sight test. The manufacturer 
will, in the testing report, include diagrams indicating the 
operator's view through the optical alignment system as depicted 
during the alignment tests specified in section 7.2.1.
* * * * *
    c. Calibration Error Test.
    (1) Report the required upscale opacity range and indicated 
upscale opacity calibration value, as determined in section 6.7.
    (2) Identify the low-, mid-, and high-level calibration 
opacities, as determined in section 7.1.2.2.
* * * * *
    e. Zero and Upscale Calibration Drift (CD) Tests. In the format 
of figure 1-8:
    i. Identify the 24-hour zero CD, percent opacity,
    ii. Identify the 24-hour upscale CD, percent opacity,
    iii. Identify any lens cleaning, clock time,
    iv. Identify all optical alignment adjustments, clock time.
    f. Calibration Stability Test. Present the data and results of 
the calibration stability test in the format of figure 1-8.
    9.4  Statements. Provide a statement that the operational test 
period was completed according to the requirements of section 7.3. 
In this statement, include the time periods during which the 
operational test period was conducted.
    9.5  Manufacturer's Certificate of Conformance (MCOC). The MCOC 
must include the results of each test performed for the COMS(s) 
sampled under section 6.1. The MCOC also shall specify the date of 
testing according to sections 6.2 through 6.7, the COMS monitor 
type, serial number, and the intended installation and purchaser of 
the tested COMS. Section 9.5.1 identifies the minimally acceptable 
information to be submitted by the manufacturer with the 
certification of conformance.
    9.5.1  Outline of Certificate of Conformance.
* * * * *
    (4) Insensitivity to Supply Voltage Variations. Include the 
results of testing, including the supply voltage range, all 
simulated zero and upscale calibration responses, and the maximum 
deviation of opacity from the external attenuator over the supply 
voltage range.
    (5) Thermal Stability. Include the results of testing, including 
the manufacturers recommended ambient temperature range and tested 
range, all simulated zero and upscale calibration responses, and the 
maximum deviation of opacity from the external attenuator over the 
temperature range.
    (6) Insensitivity to Ambient Light. Include the results of 
testing, including the test date, all simulated zero and upscale 
calibration responses, ambient temperature range during the test 
period, and the maximum 6-minute period percent opacity deviation 
from the external attenuator.
    (7) Verification of Compliance with Additional Design 
Specifications. The owner and operator or manufacturer shall provide 
diagrams and operational descriptions of the instrument which 
demonstrate conformance with the requirements of sections 5.1.5, 
5.1.7, 5.1.8, 5.1.9, and 5.1.10.
    9.6  Appendix. Provide the data tabulations and calculations for 
any of the above demonstrations.
    10. Bibliography
* * * * *
    6. Technical Assistance Document: Performance Audit Procedures 
for Opacity Monitors. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research 
Triangle Park, NC. EPA-450/4-92-010. April 1992.
    7. ASTM D6216--Standard Practice for Continuous Opacity 
Monitoring Manufacturers to Certify Design Conformance and Monitor 
Calibration. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

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[FR Doc. 98-25453 Filed 9-22-98; 8:45 am]
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