[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 62 (Wednesday, April 1, 1998)]
[Notices]
[Pages 15861-15887]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-8530]
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
[Investigation 332-392]
Advice Concerning APEC Sectoral Trade Liberalization
AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission.
ACTION: Institution of investigation and scheduling of public hearing.
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EFFECTIVE DATE: March 25, 1998.
SUMMARY: Following receipt of a request on March 18, 1998, from the
U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), the Commission instituted
investigation No. 332-392, Advice Concerning APEC Sectoral Trade
Liberalization, under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19
U.S.C. 1332(g)).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: Industry-specific information may be obtained
from Karen Laney-Cummings (202-205-3443) or James Lukes (202-205-3426),
Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington,
DC 20436. For information on the legal aspects of this investigation
contact Mr. William Gearhart of the Office of the General Counsel (202-
205-3091). News media should contact Peg O'Laughlin, Office of External
Relations (202-205-1819). Hearing impaired individuals are advised that
information on this matter can be obtained by contacting the TDD
terminal on (202) 205-1810.
Background
USTR asked the Commission to provide advice concerning trade
liberalization among APEC countries in nine sectors including:
chemicals, environmental goods and services, fish and fish products,
forest products, gems and jewelry, medical equipment and instruments,
toys, energy equipment and services, and telecommunications equipment.
A list of Harmonized Tariff System (HTS) numbers that comprise the
goods for most sectors is attached; the list for environmental goods
and services is illustrative. The report will include (1) profiles of
the above industry sectors (including a description of U.S. and foreign
sectors and their competitive positions); (2) an assessment of patterns
of U.S. sector imports and exports to APEC trading partners and other
trading partners; (3) summaries of U.S. and foreign tariff rates and
reported nontariff barriers affecting the sectors; and (4) information
about increased market access opportunities resulting from
liberalization. As requested, the Commission plans to transmit its
report to USTR by June 16, 1998. USTR has indicated portions of the
report will be classified as ``confidential'' and will also be regarded
as containing predecisional advice and be subject to the deliberative
process privilege.
Public Hearing: A public hearing in connection with the
investigation will be held at the U.S. International Trade Commission
Building, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC, beginning at 9:30 a.m. on
April 21, 1998. All persons shall have the right to appear, by counsel
or in person, to present information and to be heard. Requests to
appear at the public hearing should be filed with the Secretary, U.S.
International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC,
20436, no later than 5:15 p.m., April 15, 1998. Any prehearing briefs
(original and 14 copies) should be filed not later than 5:15 p.m.,
April 15, 1998; the deadline for filing post-hearing briefs or
statements is 5:15 p.m., April 28, 1998. In the event that, as of the
close of business on April 15, 1998, no witnesses are scheduled to
appear at the hearing, the hearing will be canceled. Any person
interested in attending the hearing as an observer or non-
[[Page 15862]]
participant may call the Secretary to the Commission (202-205-1816)
after April 15, 1998 to determine whether the hearing will be held.
Written Submissions: In lieu of, or in addition to, participating
in the hearing, interested parties are invited to submit written
statements concerning the matters to be addressed by the Commission in
its report on this investigation. Commercial or financial information
that a submitter desires the Commission to treat as confidential must
be submitted on separate sheets of paper, each clearly marked
``Confidential Business Information'' at the top. All submissions
requesting confidential treatment must conform with the requirements of
section 201.6 of the Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure (19
CFR 201.6). All written submissions, except for confidential business
information, will be made available in the Office of the Secretary to
the Commission for inspection by interested parties. To be assured of
consideration by the Commission, written statements relating to the
Commission's report should be submitted to the Commission at the
earliest practical date and should be received no later than 5:15 p.m.
on April 28, 1998. All submissions should be addressed to the
Secretary, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW.,
Washington, DC 20436. Persons with mobility impairments who will need
special assistance in gaining access to the Commission should contact
the Office of the Secretary at 202-205-2000. General information
concerning the Commission may also be obtained by accessing its
Internet server (http://www.usitc.gov).
List of Subjects:
APEC, trade liberalization, tariff rates, nontariff barriers,
market access opportunities, chemicals, environmental goods and
services, fish and fish products, forest products, gems and jewelry,
medical equipment and instruments, toys, energy equipment and services,
and telecommunications equipment.
By order of the Commission.
Issued: March 26, 1998.
Donna R. Koehnke,
Secretary.
United States International Trade Commission; Washington, DC
(Investigation 332-392)
Advice Concerning APEC Sectoral Trade Liberalization
Sector Coverage for Tariff Data
Chemicals
2801.10
2801.20
2801.30
2802.00
2803.00
2804.10
2804.21
2804.29
2804.30
2804.40
2804.50
2804.61
2804.69
2804.70
2804.80
2804.90
2805.11
2805.19
2805.21
2805.22
2805.30
2805.40
2806.10
2806.20
2807.00
2808.00
2809.10
2809.20
2810.00
2811.11
2811.19
2811.21
2811.22
2811.23
2811.29
2812.10
2812.90
2813.10
2813.90
2814.10
2814.20
2815.11
2815.12
2815.20
2815.30
2816.10
2816.20
2816.30
2817.00
2818.10
2818.20
2818.30
2819.10
2819.90
2820.10
2820.90
2821.10
2821.20
2822.00
2823.00
2824.10
2824.20
2824.90
2825.10
2825.20
2825.30
2825.40
2825.50
2825.60
2825.70
2825.80
2825.90
2826.11
2826.12
2826.19
2826.20
2826.30
2826.90
2827.10
2827.20
2827.31
2827.32
2827.33
2827.34
2827.35
2827.36
2827.38
2827.39
2827.41
2827.49
2827.51
2827.59
2827.60
2828.10
2828.90
2829.11
2829.19
2829.90
2830.10
2830.20
2830.30
2830.90
2831.10
2831.90
2832.10
2832.20
2832.30
2833.11
2833.19
2833.21
2833.22
2833.23
2833.24
2833.25
2833.26
2833.27
2833.29
2833.30
2833.40
2834.10
2834.21
2834.22
2834.29
2835.10
2835.22
2835.23
2835.24
2835.25
2835.26
2835.29
2835.31
2835.39
2836.10
2836.20
2836.30
2836.40
2836.50
2836.60
2836.70
[[Page 15863]]
2836.91
2836.92
2836.99
2837.11
2837.19
2837.20
2838.00
2839.11
2839.19
2839.20
2839.90
2840.11
2840.19
2840.20
2840.30
2841.10
2841.20
2841.30
2841.40
2841.50
2841.61
2841.69
2841.70
2841.80
2841.90
2842.10
2842.90
2843.10
2843.21
2843.29
2843.30
2843.90
2844.10
2844.20
2844.30
2844.40
2844.50
2845.10
2845.90
2846.10
2846.90
2847.00
2848.00
2849.10
2849.20
2849.90
2850.00
2851.00
2901.10
2901.21
2901.22
2901.23
2901.24
2901.29
2902.11
2902.19
2902.20
2902.30
2902.41
2902.42
2902.43
2902.44
2902.50
2902.60
2902.70
2902.90
2903.11
2903.12
2903.13
2903.14
2903.15
2903.16
2903.19
2903.21
2903.22
2903.23
2903.29
2903.30
2903.41
2903.42
2903.43
2903.44
2903.45
2903.46
2903.47
2903.49
2903.51
2903.59
2903.61
2903.62
2903.69
2904.10
2904.20
2904.90
2905.11
2905.12
2905.13
2905.14
2905.15
2905.16
2905.17
2905.19
2905.22
2905.29
2905.31
2905.32
2905.39
2905.41
2905.42
2905.45
2905.49
2905.50
2906.11
2906.12
2906.13
2906.14
2906.19
2906.21
2906.29
2907.11
2907.12
2907.13
2907.14
2907.15
2907.19
2907.21
2907.22
2907.23
2907.29
2907.30
2908.10
2908.20
2908.90
2909.11
2909.19
2909.20
2909.30
2909.41
2909.42
2909.43
2909.44
2909.49
2909.50
2909.60
2910.10
2910.20
2910.30
2910.90
2911.00
2912.11
2912.12
2912.13
2912.19
2912.21
2912.29
2912.30
2912.41
2912.42
2912.49
2912.50
2912.60
2913.00
2914.11
2914.12
2914.13
2914.19
2914.21
2914.22
2914.23
2914.29
2914.31
2914.39
2914.40
2914.50
2914.61
2914.69
2914.70
2915.11
2915.12
2915.13
2915.21
2915.22
2915.23
2915.24
2915.29
2915.31
2915.32
2915.33
2915.34
2915.35
2915.39
2915.40
2915.50
2915.60
2915.70
2915.90
2916.11
2916.12
2916.13
2916.14
2916.15
2916.19
2916.20
2916.31
2916.32
2916.34
2916.35
2916.39
2917.11
2917.12
2917.13
2917.14
2917.19
2917.20
2917.31
2917.32
2917.33
2917.34
2917.35
2917.36
2917.37
2917.39
2918.11
2918.12
2918.13
2918.14
2918.15
2918.16
[[Page 15864]]
2918.17
2918.19
2918.21
2918.22
2918.23
2918.29
2918.30
2918.90
2919.00
2920.10
2920.90
2921.11
2921.12
2921.19
2921.21
2921.22
2921.29
2921.30
2921.41
2921.42
2921.43
2921.44
2921.45
2921.49
2921.51
2921.59
2922.11
2922.12
2922.13
2922.19
2922.21
2922.22
2922.29
2922.30
2922.41
2922.42
2922.43
2922.49
2922.50
2923.10
2923.20
2923.90
2924.10
2924.21
2924.22
2924.29
2925.11
2925.19
2925.20
2926.10
2926.20
2926.90
2927.00
2928.00
2929.10
2929.90
2930.10
2930.20
2930.30
2930.40
2930.90
2931.00
2932.11
2932.12
2932.13
2932.19
2932.21
2932.29
2932.91
2932.92
2932.93
2932.94
2932.99
2933.11
2933.19
2933.21
2933.29
2933.31
2933.32
2933.39
2933.40
2933.51
2933.59
2933.61
2933.69
2933.71
2933.79
2933.90
2934.10
2934.20
2934.30
2934.90
2935.00
2936.10
2936.21
2936.22
2936.23
2936.24
2936.25
2936.26
2936.27
2936.28
2936.29
2936.90
2937.10
2937.21
2937.22
2937.29
2937.91
2937.92
2937.99
2938.10
2938.90
2939.10
2939.21
2939.29
2939.30
2939.41
2939.42
2939.49
2939.50
2939.61
2939.62
2939.63
2939.69
2939.70
2939.90
2940.00
2941.10
2941.20
2941.30
2941.40
2941.50
2941.90
2942.00
3001.10
3001.20
3001.90
3002.10
3002.20
3002.30
3002.90
3003.10
3003.20
3003.31
3003.39
3003.40
3003.90
3004.10
3004.20
3004.31
3004.32
3004.39
3004.40
3004.50
3004.90
3005.10
3005.90
3006.10
3006.20
3006.30
3006.40
3006.50
3006.60
3101.00
3102.10
3102.21
3102.29
3102.30
3102.40
3102.50
3102.60
3102.70
3102.80
3102.90
3103.10
3103.20
3103.90
3104.10
3104.20
3104.30
3104.90
3105.10
3105.20
3105.30
3105.40
3105.51
3105.59
3105.60
3105.90
3201.10
3201.20
3201.90
3202.10
3202.90
3203.00
3204.11
3204.12
3204.13
3204.14
3204.15
3204.16
3204.17
3204.19
3204.20
3204.90
3205.00
3206.11
3206.19
3206.20
3206.30
3206.41
3206.42
3206.43
3206.49
3206.50
3207.10
3207.20
3207.30
3207.40
3208.10
3208.20
3208.90
3209.10
3209.90
3210.00
3211.00
3212.10
[[Page 15865]]
3212.90
3213.10
3213.90
3214.10
3214.90
3215.11
3215.19
3215.90
3302.10
3302.90
3303.00
3304.10
3304.20
3304.30
3304.91
3304.99
3305.10
3305.20
3305.30
3305.90
3306.10
3306.20
3306.90
3307.10
3307.20
3307.30
3307.41
3307.49
3307.90
3401.11
3401.19
3401.20
3402.11
3402.12
3402.13
3402.19
3402.20
3402.90
3403.11
3403.19
3403.91
3403.99
3404.10
3404.20
3404.90
3405.10
3405.20
3405.30
3405.40
3405.90
3406.00
3407.00
3506.10
3506.91
3506.99
3507.10
3507.90
3601.00
3602.00
3603.00
3604.10
3604.90
3605.00
3606.10
3606.90
3701.10
3701.20
3701.30
3701.91
3701.99
3702.10
3702.20
3702.31
3702.32
3702.39
3702.41
3702.42
3702.43
3702.44
3702.51
3702.52
3702.53
3702.54
3702.55
3702.56
3702.91
3702.92
3702.93
3702.94
3702.95
3703.10
3703.20
3703.90
3704.00
3705.10
3705.20
3705.90
3706.10
3706.90
3707.10
3707.90
3801.10
3801.20
3801.30
3801.90
3802.10
3802.90
3803.00
3804.00
3805.10
3805.20
3805.90
3806.10
3806.20
3806.30
3806.90
3807.00
3808.10
3808.20
3808.30
3808.40
3808.90
3809.91
3809.92
3809.93
3810.10
3810.90
3811.11
3811.19
3811.21
3811.29
3811.90
3812.10
3812.20
3812.30
3813.00
3814.00
3815.11
3815.12
3815.19
3815.90
3816.00
3817.10
3817.20
3818.00
3819.00
3820.00
3821.00
3822.00
3823.11
3823.12
3823.13
3823.19
3823.70
3824.10
3824.20
3824.30
3824.40
3824.50
3824.60
3824.71
3824.79
3824.90
3901.10
3901.20
3901.30
3901.90
3902.10
3902.20
3902.30
3902.90
3903.11
3903.19
3903.20
3903.30
3903.90
3904.10
3904.21
3904.22
3904.30
3904.40
3904.50
3904.61
3904.69
3904.90
3905.12
3905.19
3905.21
3905.29
3905.30
3905.91
3905.99
3906.10
3906.90
3907.10
3907.20
3907.30
3907.40
3907.50
3907.60
3907.91
3907.99
3908.10
3908.90
3909.10
3909.20
3909.30
3909.40
3909.50
3910.00
3911.10
3911.90
3912.11
3912.12
3912.20
3912.31
3912.39
3912.90
3913.10
3913.90
3914.00
3915.10
3915.20
3915.30
3915.90
3916.10
3916.20
3916.90
[[Page 15866]]
3917.10
3917.21
3917.22
3917.23
3917.29
3917.31
3917.32
3917.33
3917.39
3917.40
3918.10
3918.90
3919.10
3919.90
3920.10
3920.20
3920.30
3920.41
3920.42
3920.51
3920.59
3920.61
3920.62
3920.63
3920.69
3920.71
3920.72
3920.73
3920.79
3920.91
3920.92
3920.93
3920.94
3920.99
3921.11
3921.12
3921.13
3921.14
3921.19
3921.90
3922.10
3922.20
3922.90
3923.10
3923.21
3923.29
3923.30
3923.40
3923.50
3923.90
3924.10
3924.90
3925.10
3925.20
3925.30
3925.90
3926.10
3926.20
3926.30
3926.40
3926.90
Fish and Fish Products
0301.10
0301.91
0301.92
0301.93
0301.99
0302.11
0302.12
0302.19
0302.21
0302.22
0302.23
0302.29
0302.31
0302.32
0302.33
0302.39
0302.40
0302.50
0302.61
0302.62
0302.63
0302.64
0302.65
0302.66
0302.69
0302.70
0303.10
0303.21
0303.22
0303.29
0303.31
0303.32
0303.33
0303.39
0303.41
0303.42
0303.43
0303.49
0303.50
0303.60
0303.71
0303.72
0303.73
0303.74
0303.75
0303.76
0303.77
0303.78
0303.79
0303.80
0304.10
0304.20
0304.90
0305.10
0305.20
0305.30
0305.41
0305.42
0305.49
0305.51
0305.59
0305.61
0305.62
0305.63
0305.69
0306.11
0306.12
0306.13
0306.14
0306.19
0306.21
0306.22
0306.23
0306.24
0306.29
0307.10
0307.21
0307.29
0307.31
0307.39
0307.41
0307.49
0307.51
0307.59
0307.60
0307.91
0307.99
0511.10
0511.91
0511.99
1504.10
1504.20
1504.30
1603.00
1604.11
1604.12
1604.13
1604.14
1604.15
1604.16
1604.19
1604.20
1604.30
1605.10
1605.20
1605.30
1605.40
1605.90
2301.10
2301.20
2309.10
2309.90
Forest Products
4401.10
4401.21
4401.22
4401.30
4402.00
4403.10
4403.20
4403.41
4403.49
4403.91
4403.92
4403.99
4404.10
4404.20
4405.00
4406.10
4406.90
4407.10
4407.24
4407.25
4407.26
4407.29
4407.91
4407.92
4407.99
4408.10
4408.31
4408.39
4408.90
4409.10
4409.20
4410.11
4410.19
4410.90
4411.11
4411.19
4411.21
4411.29
4411.31
4411.39
4411.91
4411.99
4412.13
4412.14
4412.19
4412.22
4412.23
4412.29
4412.92
4412.93
4412.99
4413.00
4414.00
[[Page 15867]]
4415.10
4415.20
4416.00
4417.00
4418.10
4418.20
4418.30
4418.40
4418.50
4418.90
4419.00
4420.10
4420.90
4421.10
4421.90
4601.10
4601.20
4601.91
4601.99
4602.10
4602.90
4701.00
4702.00
4703.11
4703.19
4703.21
4703.29
4704.11
4704.19
4704.21
4704.29
4705.00
4706.10
4706.20
4706.91
4706.92
4706.93
4707.10
4707.20
4707.30
4707.90
4801.00
4802.10
4802.20
4802.30
4802.40
4802.51
4802.52
4802.53
4802.60
4803.00
4804.11
4804.19
4804.21
4804.29
4804.31
4804.39
4804.41
4804.42
4804.49
4804.51
4804.52
4804.59
4805.10
4805.21
4805.22
4805.23
4805.29
4805.30
4805.40
4805.50
4805.60
4805.70
4805.80
4806.10
4806.20
4806.30
4806.40
4807.10
4807.90
4808.10
4808.20
4808.30
4808.90
4809.10
4809.20
4809.90
4810.11
4810.12
4810.21
4810.29
4810.31
4810.32
4810.39
4810.91
4810.99
4811.10
4811.21
4811.29
4811.31
4811.39
4811.40
4811.90
4812.00
4813.10
4813.20
4813.90
4814.10
4814.20
4814.30
4814.90
4815.00
4816.10
4816.20
4816.30
4816.90
4817.10
4817.20
4817.30
4818.10
4818.20
4818.30
4818.40
4818.50
4818.90
4819.10
4819.20
4819.30
4819.40
4819.50
4819.60
4820.10
4820.20
4820.30
4820.40
4820.50
4820.90
4821.10
4821.90
4822.10
4822.90
4823.11
4823.19
4823.20
4823.40
4823.51
4823.59
4823.60
4823.70
4823.90
4901.10
4901.91
4901.99
4902.10
4902.90
4903.00
4904.00
4905.10
4905.91
4905.99
4906.00
4907.00
4908.10
4908.90
4909.00
4910.00
4911.10
4911.91
4911.99
9401.30
9401.50
9401.61
9401.69
9401.80
9401.90
9403.30
9403.40
9403.50
9403.60
9403.80
9403.90
9406.00
Gems and Jewelry
7101.10
7101.21
7101.22
7102.10
7102.21
7102.29
7102.31
7102.39
7103.10
7103.91
7103.99
7104.10
7104.20
7104.90
7105.10
7105.90
7106.10
7106.91
7106.92
7107.00
7108.11
7108.12
7108.13
7109.00
7110.11
7110.19
7110.21
7110.29
7110.31
7110.39
7110.41
7110.49
7111.00
7112.10
7112.20
7112.90
7113.11
7113.19
7113.20
7114.11
7114.19
7114.20
7115.10
7115.90
7116.10
[[Page 15868]]
7116.20
7117.11
7117.19
7117.90
7118.10
7118.90
Medical Equipment and Instruments
2844.40
3822.00
8419.20
8543.89
8713.10
8713.90
8714.20
9018.11
9018.12
9018.13
9018.14
9018.19
9018.20
9018.31
9018.32
9018.39
9018.41
9018.49
9018.50
9018.90
9019.10
9019.20
9021.11
9021.19
9021.21
9021.29
9021.30
9021.40
9021.50
9021.90
9022.12
9022.13
9022.14
9022.19
9022.21
9022.29
9022.30
9022.90
9023.00
9024.10
9024.80
9024.90
9025.11
9025.19
9025.80
9025.90
9026.10
9026.20
9026.80
9026.90
9027.10
9027.20
9027.30
9027.40
9027.50
9027.80
9027.90
9028.10
9028.20
9028.30
9028.90
9030.10
9030.20
9030.31
9030.39
9030.40
9030.82
9030.83
9030.89
9030.90
9031.10
9031.20
9031.30
9031.41
9031.49
9031.80
9031.90
9032.10
9032.20
9032.81
9032.89
9032.90
Toys
9501.00
9502.10
9502.91
9502.99
9503.10
9503.20
9503.30
9503.41
9503.49
9503.50
9503.60
9503.70
9503.80
9503.90
9504.10
9504.20
9504.30
9504.40
9504.90
9505.10
9505.90
Telecommunications
8517.11
8517.19
8517.21
8517.22
8517.30
8517.50
8517.80
8517.90
8520.10
8520.20
8525.20
8527.90
8526.92
Energy Commodities
HS Description
2701.11....... Anthracite coal, not agglomerated.
2701.12....... Bituminous coal, not agglomerated.
2701.19....... Coal nesoi, not agglomerated.
2701.20....... Briquettes, ovoids, similar solid fuels from coal.
2711.11....... Natural gas, liquefied.
2711.12....... Propane, liquefied.
2711.13....... Butanes, liquefied.
2711.14....... Ethylene, propylene, butylene and butadiene liqifi.
2711.19....... Petroleum gases etc., liquefied, nesoi.
2711.21....... Natural gas, gaseous.
2711.29....... Petroleum gases etc., in gaseous state, nesoi.
2716.00....... Electrical energy.
ex 2901.10... Synthetic natural gas (methane of 90% purity obtained
from sources other than naturally occuring reservoirs
of natural gas) .
Energy-Related Equipment
EX HS 98 6-Digit Description
7304 10 Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas
pipelines.
7304 21 Drill pipe of a kind used in drilling for oil
and gas.
7304 29 Casing or tubing of a kind used in drilling for
oil and gas.
ex. 7304 31 Seamless cold-drawn or cold-rolled tubes,
pipes, and hollow profiles, of iron or
nonalloy steel, other than of circular cross
section, suitable for use in boilers,
superheaters, heat exchangers, condensers,
refining furnaces and feedwater heaters.
ex. 7304 39 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, seamless, of
iron or nonalloy steel, other than cold-drawn
or cold-rolled, suitable for use in boilers,
superheaters, heat exchangers, condensers,
refining furnaces and feedwater heaters.
[[Page 15869]]
ex. 7304 41 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, seamless, of
cold-rolled or cold-drawn, of stainless steel
other than of high-nickel alloy steel,
suitable for use in boilers, superheaters,
heat exchangers, condensers, refining
furnaces, and feedwater heaters.
ex. 7304 49 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, seamless,
other than cold-rolled or cold-drawn, of
stainless steel other than of high-nickel
alloy steel, suitable for use in boilers,
superheaters, heat exchangers, condensers,
refining furnaces, and feedwater heaters.
ex. 7304 51 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, seamless, of
circular cross section, of other alloy steel,
cold-rolled or cold-drawn, other than of high-
nickel alloy steel, suitable for use in
boilers, superheaters, heat exchangers,
condensers, refining furnaces, and feedwater
heaters.
ex. 7304 59 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, seamless of
iron or steel, of circular cross-section, of
other alloy steel, other than cold-rolled or
cold-drawn for use in boilers, superheaters,
heat exchangers, condensers, refining
furnaces, and feedwater heaters.
7305 11 Line pipe of a kind used for oil and gas
pipelines, longitudinally submerged arc
welded, having circular cross sections, the
external diameter of which exceeds 406.4 mm.
7305 12 Line pipe of a kind used for oil and gas
pipelines, other longitudinally welded, having
circular cross sections, the external diameter
of which exceeds 406.4 mm.
7305 19 Line pipe of a kind used for oil and gas
pipelines, other than longitudinally welded,
having circular cross sections, the external
diameter of which exceeds 406.4 mm.
7305 20 Casing of a kind used in oil or gas drilling,
having circular cross sections, the external
diameter of which exceeds 406.4 mm.
7306 10 Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas
pipelines, open seamed, or welded, riveted or
similarly closed.
7306 20 Casing or tubing of a kind used in oil or gas
drilling, open seamed, welded, riveted or
similarly closed.
ex. 7306 30 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, welded, of
circular cross section, of iron or nonalloy
steel, having a wall thickness of 1.65mm or
more, suitable for use in boilers,
superheaters, heat exchangers, condensers,
refining furnaces and feedwater heaters,
whether or not cold drawn.
ex. 7306 40 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, welded, of
circular cross section, of stainless steel,
having a wall thickness of 1.65mm or more,
suitable for use in boilers, superheaters,
heat exchangers, condensers, refining furnaces
and feedwater heaters, whether or not cold
drawn.
ex. 7306 50 Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, welded, of
circular cross section, of other alloy steel,
nonalloy steel, having a wall thickness of
1.65mm or more, suitable for use in boilers,
superheaters, heat exchangers, condensers,
refining furnaces and feedwater heaters,
whether or not cold drawn.
ex. 7308 20 Towers and lattice masts of iron or steel for
oil or gas exploration and extraction and
electricity power transmission.
ex. 7308 40 Equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping
or pit-propping for coal and uranium mining.
ex. 7308 90 Parts of towers and lattice masts of iron or
steel for oil or gas exploration and
extraction and electricity power transmission.
ex. 7309 00 Reservoirs, tanks, vats, and similar
containers, of iron or steel, of a capacity
exceeding 300 liters, whether or not lined or
heat insulated, but not fitted with mechanical
or thermal equipment for use with petroleum
extraction, production, and refining.
ex. 7310 10 Empty steel drums and barrels of a capacity
greater than 50 liters for use with petroleum
or refined petroleum products.
7311 00 Containers for compressed or liquefied gas, of
iron or steel, for the storage of natural gas.
ex. 7312 10 Steel wire cables for the core of aluminum
cable-steel reinforced cables (ACSR).
8207 13 Rock drilling or earth boring tools, and parts
thereof, with a working part of cermets.
8207 19 Rock drilling or earth boring tools, and parts
thereof, with a working part other than
cermet.
8401 10 Nuclear reactors.
8401 20 Machinery and apparatus for isotopic
separation, and parts thereof.
8401 30 Fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, and
parts thereof.
8401 40 Parts of nuclear reactors.
8402 11 Watertube boilers with a steam production
exceeding 45 t per hour.
8402 12 Watertube boilers with a steam production not
exceeding 45 t per hour.
8402 19 Other vapor generating boilers, including
hybrid boilers.
8402 20 Super-heated water boilers.
8402 90 Parts of steam or other vapor-generating
boilers of heading 8404.
8403 10 Central heating boilers (other than those of
8402).
8403 90 Parts of central heating boilers (other than
those of 8402).
8404 10 Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of
headings 8402 and 8403.
8404 20 Condensers for steam and other vapor power
units of headings 8402 and 8403.
8404 90 Parts of auxiliary plant for use with boilers
of headings 8402 and 8403.
8406 81 Steam and other vapor turbines of an output
exceeding 40 MW.
ex. 8406 82 Steam and other vapor turbines of an output not
exceeding 40 MW.
ex. 8406 90 Parts of steam and other vapor turbines other
than for marine propulsion.
ex. 8408 90 Other compression-ignition internal combustion
piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines)
for use in drilling for oil and gas.
ex. 8409 99 Parts of other compression-ignition internal
combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-
diesel engines) for use in drilling for oil
and gas.
8410 11 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power
not exceeding 1,000 kWr).
8410 12 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power
exceeding 1,000 kW but not exceeding 10,000
kW.
8410 13 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power
exceeding 10,000 kW.
8410 90 Parts, including regulators.
ex. 8411 11 Turbojets of a thrust not exceeding 25 kN other
than for aircraft, marine craft and
locomotives.
ex. 8411 12 Turbojets of a thrust exceeding 25 kN other
than for aircraft, marine craft and
locomotives.
ex. 8411 21 Turbopropellers of a power not exceeding 1,100
kW other than for aircraft, marine craft and
locomotives.
ex. 8411 22 Turbopropellers of a power exceeding 1,100 kW
other than for aircraft, marine craft and
locomotives.
ex. 8411 81 Other gas turbines of a power not exceeding
5,000 kW other than for aircraft, marine craft
and locomotives.
ex. 8411 82 Other gas turbines of a power exceeding 5,000
kW other than for aircraft, marine craft and
locomotives.
ex. 8411 91 Parts of turbojets and turbopropellers for use
other than for aircraft, marine craft and
locomotives.
ex. 8411 99 Parts of other gas turbines for use other than
for aircraft, marine craft and locomotives.
[[Page 15870]]
ex. 8413 50 Other reciprocating positive displacement oil
well and oil field pumps.
ex. 8413 60 Other rotary positive displacement oil well and
oil field pumps.
ex. 8413 91 Parts of oil well and oil field pumps and pumps
used in petroleum refining.
ex. 8414 80 Compressors for use in natural gas production
and delivery, and for use in power plants.
ex. 8414 90 Parts of compressors for use in natural gas
production and delivery and in power plants in
8414.80.
8416 10 Furnace burners for liquid fuel.
8416 20 Other furnace burners, including combination
furnace burners.
8416 30 Mechanical stokers, including their mechanical
grates, mechanical ash dischargers, and
similar appliances.
8416 90 Parts of furnace burners.
ex. 8417 80 Other nonelectric industrial or laboratory
furnaces and ovens, including incinerators,
for waste-to-energy production.
ex. 8417 90 Parts of other nonelectric industrial or
laboratory furnaces and ovens, including
incinerators, for waste-to-energy production.
ex. 8419 19 Solar water heaters (hot water).
ex. 8419 40 Distilling and rectifying plant for petroleum
refining, coal gasification, or biomass
distillation.
ex. 8419 60 Machinery for liquefying natural gas.
ex. 8419 89 Other machinery, plant or equipment for
refining petroleum, coal gasification, or
fermenting biomass.
ex. 8419 90 Parts of solar water heaters (hot water), and
of distilling and rectifying plant for
petroleum refining, coal gasification, or
biomass distillation, machinery for liquefying
natural gas, or other machinery, plant or
equipment for refining petroleum, coal
gasification, or fermenting biomass.
ex. 8421 21 Water filtering or purifying machinery for
boiler water for power generation.
ex. 8421 29 Oil-separation equipment.
ex. 8421 39 Gas separation equipment; filtering or
purifying machinery and apparatus for use in
the production of electricity from nuclear
power.
ex. 8421 99 Parts of machinery for filtering or purifying
boiler water for power generation, oil-
separation equipment, and gas separation
equipment; filtering or purifying machinery
and apparatus for use in the production of
electricity from nuclear power.
8428 31 Other continuous-action elevators and
conveyors, for goods or materials,
specifically designed for underground use.
8428 32 Other continuous-action elevators and
conveyors, for goods or materials, bucket
type.
8428 33 Other continuous-action elevators and
conveyors, for goods or materials, belt type.
8428 39 Other continuous-action elevators and
conveyors, for goods or materials, other.
8428 50 Mine wagon pushers, locomotive or wagon
traversers, wagon tippers and similar railway
wagon handling equipment.
8428 90 Other lifting, handling, loading or unloading
machinery of a kind used in charging or
discharging furnaces; other lifting, handling,
loading or unloading machinery of a kind used
for radioactive materials; sidebooms and
pipehandlers; loaders, underground mine type;
other lifting, handling, loading or unloading
machinery for oil and gas field machinery.
8429 11 Self-propelled bulldozers and angledozers,
track laying
8429 19 Self-propelled bulldozers and angledozers other
than track laying.
8429 20 Self-propelled graders and levelers.
8429 30 Self-propelled scrapers.
8429 51 Self-propelled front-end shovel loaders.
8429 52 Self-propelled machinery with a 360 degree
revolving superstructure.
8429 59 Self-propelled backhoes, shovels, clamshells
and draglines and other machinery other than
with a 360 degree revolving superstructure.
8430 10 Pile-drivers and pile-extractors.
8430 31 Self-propelled coal or rock cutters and
tunneling machinery.
8430 39 Coal or rock cutters and tunneling machinery,
not self-propelled.
8430 41 Self-propelled boring or sinking machinery.
8430 49 Offshore oil and natural gas drilling and
production platforms; other boring or sinking
machinery, not self-propelled, for oil well
and gas field drilling; other boring or
sinking machinery, not self-propelled, other.
ex. 8430 50 Self-propelled peat excavators; self-propelled
machinery for working earth, nesi.
8430 62 Scrapers, not self-propelled.
8430 69 Machinery for working earth, not self-
propelled, nesi.
8431 39 Parts of other lifting, handling, loading or
unloading machinery of subheadings 8428.31,
8428.32, 8428.33, 8428.39, 8428.50, and
8428.90.
8431 41 Buckets, shovels, grabs and grips suitable for
use solely or principally with the machinery
of headings 8426, 8429, or 8430.
8431 42 Bulldozer or angledozer blades suitable for use
solely or principally with the machinery of
heading 8426, 8429 or 8430.
8431 43 Parts of boring or sinking machinery of 8430.41
or 8430.49.
8431 49 Parts suitable for use solely or principally
with the machinery of heading 8429 or 8430,
nesi.
ex. 8437 80 Cutters and other machinery for working corn/
biomass for biomass energy production.
ex. 8437 90 Parts of cutters and other machinery for
working com/biomass for biomass energy
production.
8467 11 Rock drills, pneumatic, hand-held rotary type
(including combined rotary-percussion).
ex. 8467 19 Other tools for working in the hand, hydraulic
or with self-contained nonelectric motor,
other than pneumatic, designed for use in
construction or mining.
ex. 8467 92 Parts of pneumatic, hand-held rock drills or
hand -held tools, hydraulic or with self-
contained nonelectric motor, other than
pneumatic, designed for use in construction or
mining.
8474 10 Sorting, screening, separating or washing
machines.
8474 20 Crushing or grinding machines.
8474 80 Machinery for agglomerating, shaping, or
molding soild mineral fuels, ceramic pastes,
unhardened cements, plastering materials or
other mineral products in powder or paste
form.
ex. 8474 90 Parts of machines for sorting, screening,
separating or washing, crushing or grinding.
ex. 8479 89 Oil and gas field wireline and downhole
equipment.
ex. 8479 90 Parts of oil and gas field wireline and
downhole equipment.
ex. 8481 10 Pressure-reducing valves for electric power
generation, petroleum and natural gas
production, petroleum refining, and biomass
production.
ex. 8481 30 Check valves for electric power generation,
petroleum and natural gas production,
petroleum refining, and biomass production.
[[Page 15871]]
ex. 8481 40 Safety or relief valves for electric power
generation, petroleum and natural gas
production, petroleum refining, and biomass
production.
ex. 8481 80 Hand operated valves and other valves for
electric power generation, petroleum and
natural gas production, petroleum refining,
and biomass production.
ex. 8481 90 Parts valves for electric power generation,
petroleum and natural gas production,
petroleum refining, and biomass production.
ex. 8501 31 Other electric DC motors, of an output
exceeding 74.6 W but not exceeding 735 W.
ex. 8501 32 Other electric DC motors of an output exceeding
750 W but not exceeding 75 kW, other than
electric motors of a kind used as the primary
source of mechanical power for electrically
vehicles of subheading 8703.90 and other than
for use in civil aircraft.
ex. 8501 33 Other electric DC motors of an output exceeding
75 kW but not exceeding 375 kW, other than for
use in civil aircraft.
ex. 8501 34 Other electric DC motors of an output exceeding
375 kW.
ex. 8501 51 Other AC motors, multi-phase, of an output
exceeding 74.6 W but not exceeding 735 W.
ex. 8501 52 Other AC motors, multi-phase, of an output
exceeding 750 W but not exceeding 75 kW, other
than for use in civil aircraft.
ex. 8501 53 Other AC motors, multi-phase, of an output
exceeding 75 kW but under 149.2 kW, or of an
output exceeding 150 kW.
8501 64 AC generators (alternators) of an output
exceeding 750 kVA.
8502 13 Generating sets with compression-ignition
internal combustion piston engines (diesel or
semi-diesel) of an output exceeding 375 kVA.
8502 20 Generating sets with spark-ignition internal
combustion piston engines.
8502 31 Other generating sets, wind-powered
8502 39 Other generating sets.
ex. 8503 00 Parts of generators for generators of
subheadings 8501.64, 8502.13, 8502.20,
8502.31, and 8502.39.
8504 21 Liquid dielectric transformers having a power
handling capacity not exceeding 650 kVA for
electric power delivery.
8504 22 Liquid dielectric transformers having a power
handling capacity exceeding 650 kVA but not
exceeding 10,000 kVA for electric power
delivery (electricity).
8504 23 Liquid dielectric transformers having a power
handling capacity exceeding 10,000 kVA.
8504 33 Other transformers having a power handling
capacity exceeding 16 kVA but not exceeding
500 kVA.
8504 34 Other transformers having a power handling
capacity exceeding 500 kVA for electric power
delivery.
ex. 8504 40 Speed drive controllers for electric motors and
other static converters (including rectifiers
and rectifying apparatus and inverters), other
than for power supplies for automatic data
processing machines or units thereof of
heading 8471, or telecommunications apparatus.
ex. 8504 90 Parts of speed drive controllers for electric
motors and other static converters (including
rectifiers and rectifying apparatus and
inverters), other than for power supplies for
automatic data processing machines or units
thereof of heading 8471, or telecommunications
apparatus.
8507 20 Other lead-acid batteries, other than of a kind
used as the primary source of electrical power
for electrically powered vehicles of
subheading 8703.90, including 6 V, 12 V, or 36
V.
8507 40 Nickel-iron storage batteries, other than of a
kind used as the primary source of electrical
power for electrically powered vehicles of
subheading 8703.90.
8532 25 Electrical capacitors, fixed, variable or
adjustable (pre-set), dielectric of paper or
plastics, alternating current (AC) service,
1,000 V or greater.
8535 10 Fuses for a voltage exceeding 1,000 V.
8535 21 Automatic circuit breakers for a voltage of
less than 72.5 kV.
8535 29 Automatic circuit breakers for a voltage
greater than 72.5 kV.
8535 30 Isolating switches and maek-and-break switches.
ex. 8535 90 Motor starters and motor overload protectors.
8536 10 Fuses, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V.
8536 20 Automatic circuit breakers, for a voltage not
exceeding 1,000 V.
8536 30 Other apparatus for protecting electrical
circuits, including motor overload protectors,
for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V.
8536 41 Relays for a voltage not exceeding 60 V.
8536 49 Relays for a voltage greater than 60 V, but not
exceeding 1,000 V.
8536 50 Switches for a voltage less than 1,000 volts
8536 69 Electrical connectors.
8536 90 Other apparatus, including terminals, boxes.
ex. 8537 10 Motor control centers, switchgear assemblies
and switchboards, panel boards and
distribution boards, and programmable
controllers and associated modules.
8537 20 Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets and
other bases, for a voltage exceeding 1,000 V.
8538 10 Parts of boards, panels, consoles, desks,
cabinets and other bases, not equipped with
their apparatus, for a voltage exceeding 1,000
V.
8538 90 Parts suitable for use solely or principally
with the apparatus of headings 8535.10,
8535.21, 8535.29, 8535.30, and motor starters
and motor overload protectors; of headings
8536.10, 8536.20, 8536.30, 8536.41, 8536.49,
8536.50, and motor control centers, switchgear
assemblies and switchboards, panel boards and
distribution boards, and programmable
controllers and associated modules; of
headings 8537.20 and 8538.10.
ex. 8541 40 Photovoltaic cells (solar cells), whether or
not assembled in modules or made up into
panels.
ex. 8544 41 Other electric connectors, for a voltage not
exceeding 80 V, fitted with connectors, other
than of a kind used for telecommunications.
ex. 8544 49 Other electric connectors, for a voltage not
exceeding 80 V, other than fitted with
connectors, other than of a kind used for
telecommunications.
ex. 8544 51 Other electric connectors, for a voltage
exceeding 80 V but not exceeding 1,000 V,
other than fitted with modular telephone
connectors and other than a kind used for
telecommunications.
8544 60 Other electric conductors, for a voltage
exceeding 1,000 V.
8546 20 Electrical insulators of ceramics, used in high-
voltage, low-frequency electrical systems,
commonly known as suspension, pin-type or line
post insulators.
ex. 8547 90 Electrical conduit tubing and joints therefor,
of base metal lined with insulating material,
for electric power delivery.
8704 10 Dumpers designed for off-highway use.
[[Page 15872]]
ex. 8705 20 Mobile drilling derricks for oil and gas.
8905 20 Floating or submersible drilling or production
platforms.
9015 80 Seismographs and geophysical instruments and
appliances.
9015 90 Parts of seismographs and geophysical
instruments and appliances.
9026 10 Electrical instruments and apparatus for
measuring or checking the flow or level of
liquids.
9026 20 Electrical instruments and apparatus for
measuring or checking the pressure of liquids
or gases.
9026 80 Other instruments and apparatus for measuring
or checking variables of liquids or gases,
nesi.
9026 90 Parts and accessories of instruments and
apparatus for measuring or checking variables
of liquids or gases.
9028 10 Gas supply or production meters, including
calibrating meters.
9028 20 Liquid supply or production meters, including
calibrating meters.
9028 30 Electricity supply or production meters
including calibrating meters.
9028 90 Parts and accessories for gas, liquid, or
electricity supply or production meters.
9030 39 Instruments and apparatus, nesi, for measuring
or checking electrical voltage, current, or
resistance.
ex. 9032 10 Thermostats for articles of headings 8402,
8403, 8404, and 8416.
ex. 9032 20 Manostats for articles of headings 8402, 8403,
8404, and 8416.
ex. 9032 81 Hydraulic and pneumatic instruments and
apparatus for articles of headings 8402, 8403,
8404, and 8416.
ex. 9032 89 Process control instruments and apparatus.
ex. 9032 90 Parts of process control instruments and
apparatus of heading 9032.89.
Energy Sector Services
A. Oil & Gas Field Services
1. Exploration. Exploration includes collecting scientific data
through gravity, magnetic, sismic and geologic methods to assess the
earth's subsurface characteristics and intimate the presence of oil and
gas reserves. Governments through production sharing contracts or
royalty/tax regimes often offer areas of exploration. Other services
also are provided, such as exploration and production information
systems, software and computer modeling services to help petroleum
companies find, produce and manage oil and gas reservoirs.
2. Drilling. Drilling is the process of creating a well to locate
and recover oil and gas. Drilling is often referred to as the
production phase. Drilling is accomplished by using many specialized
industry-specific contractors with unique equipment and services. These
contractors include drilling, mud, downhole tools, logging, cementing,
testing, stimulation and completion.
3. Processing, Gathering & Refining. This is the process of
isolating saleable products from a mixed raw production stream. For
example, crude oil is isolated from water and gas, or gas is isolated
from water, hydrocarbon liquids and other inert gases. Gathering occurs
by gathering oil or gas from a group of wells to isolate saleable
products and at a larger level where these saleable products are
distributed by pipeline, barge, etc. to a market. Gas also is gathered
as coal bed methane and land fill methane, processed, stored and
injected into the pipeline transmission system. Crude oil is processed
at refining installations into a number of refined products, such as
lubricants, fuels and gasoline. Other services under this heading
include evaluation of producing formulations, production enhancement
and well maintenance services.
4. Design & Engineering. Extensive specialized design, engineering,
procurement and construction services are required in building
production processing equipment, pipelines and gathering systems. In
offshore situations there is also the matter of designing and
construction platforms, processing equipment and gathering systems.
5. Production (Construction, Operation & Maintenance). This
includes workover rigs and associated support services, which are
similar to drilling listed above, except that these workover rigs are
generally more specialized using different equipment. Operation and
maintenance includes the support technical personnel, chemicals and
service equipment to continuously process the oil and gas.
6. Transportation. Pipelines, barges, ships and trucks typically
move oil, and pipelines typically move natural gas. Movement is from
the production area to market locations such as refineries for oil and
power plants and local distribution companies for natural gas. Natural
gas also can be converted to liquified form and transported in
specially designed ships to port facilities where it is regasified and
transported through pipelines to market locations.
7. Storage. Crude oil is stored in large tanks at atmospheric
pressure and temperatures. Natural gas can be stored in liquified form
in specialized tanks or as compressed vapor in underground reservoirs.
8. Trading, Marketing & Brokering. In the oil and gas field
services sector, these activities vary greatly depending on the
location of the production vis-a-vis the market. They include working
with transporters (ships, barges, pipelines and trucks) and major users
(refiners, power plants and industries) to arrange long-term contracts.
9. Support Services. These include analysis of rock and other
production field samples in order to access the commercial viability of
a field. These tests and their results enhance competition and
stimulation designs.
10. Waste Management & Disposal. This is a key concern and includes
disposing of produced water, drill cuttings, drilling fluids and spent
process fluids.
B. Electricity Services
1. Design & Engineering. This includes the selection of the
configuration of a power plant, transmission system, substations, and
various other equipment. Also included is the use of technology such as
gas-fired or steam turbines, fluidized beds, or wind, solar or other
renewable energy technologies. Design and engineering services can be
greatly affected by requirements to include in-country materials or in-
country design mandates. Design and engineering services also include
all customary development work, such as acquiring all necessary permits
and approvals, and contracts for fuel, transportation and other
supplies.
2. Generation (Construction, Operation & Maintenance). This
includes actual construction of the facility, start-up services,
training of personnel, safety and security of personnel, material
fabrication and installation, equipment financing, and equipment and
construction warranties. Operation and maintenance services include the
actual operation and maintenance of the facility as well as financial
and management services, environmental and safety safeguards, periodic
equipment replacements and upgrades, and efficiency programs. Included
in the operation category are
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fuel procurement services, acquisition of spare parts, and preventative
and periodic maintenance.
3. Transportation. Transportation in the electricity service sector
involves the movement of electricity along high voltage transmission
lines. Additional services in this area include control room services
of the central network, scheduling of electricity transmission,
provision of ancillary services (such as, load following, stability
services, reactive power, and spinning reserves), and access to the
transmission system. These services also include the operation and
maintenance of the transmission lines and upgrading of these lines
based on advancements in technology.
4. Distribution. Distribution involves transporting electricity
from high voltage lines to low voltage lines, including associated
transformer and substation facilities, for delivery to end-use
customers. These are the lines that are customarily seen in residential
areas to deliver electricity to consumers. Additional services in this
area include the repair and maintenance of distribution lines and
facilities, response to customers' needs, installation of additional
lines, up grades of lines and facilities, and installation of service
to additional customers.
5. Storage. Unlike most commodities, electricity can not be stored
economically except for the use of certain solar and fuel cell
technologies. These services include the use of technologies for
supplementing energy during peak hours or at the time other
technologies are not available. Electricity, however, can be
effectively ``stored'' by trading or swapping electricity for natural
gas or other energy services during emergency, peak-load, or other
high-cost hours. These services are highly specialized and case-
specific and allow the various energy services to be substituted for
each other in order to maximize efficiency and increase profitability.
6. Trading, Marketing & Brokering. These services include the
buying and selling of electricity and electricity services for resale
or for delivery to the ultimate customer, and the arrangement of
transactions among buyers and sellers of these services. An electricity
trader or marketer will buy (take title to) the electricity and take
the risk that the electricity can be used or sold to another party. An
electricity trader will also aggregate supplies of electricity and
provide customers with custom fit services to meet their individual
needs. Traders also arrange for the transportation of electricity to
end-use customers. Brokers do not buy (take title to) electricity
services but arrange transactions for buyers and sellers. They also may
aggregate supplies and purchasers in order to take advantages of
economies of scale involved in large volume transactions.
7. Commodity & Price Risk Management. These services include the
providing of calls, puts, swaps, options and commodity price risk
management tools whose underlying values are attached to the price of
electricity. Even though these services are utilized by businesses
worldwide, they can involve activities that may be prohibited under
certain jurisdiction anti-gaming laws, because they are not tied
directly to a physical commodity. The development of these services
enhances the efficient operation of electricity markets by providing
price discovery and price risk management tools to those dealing in the
underlying physical commodity. These services also can lead to
substantial benefits in the deployment of capital in the industry and
improve economic efficiency.
8. Demand-Side & Other Customer Services. These include programs to
reduce or restructure a customer's consumption of electricity in order
to conserve electricity, shape overall consumption patterns, and
enhance the efficiency of the production and delivery system. These
services include energy audits, replacement or up grades of existing
customer equipment, and other efficiency and conservation services that
help an end-use customer manage the efficient use of electricity. These
also include metering and billing services.
9. Waste Management & Disposal. This involves the handling and
disposal of the residue from the combustion phase of electricity
generation (coal ash, solid particulates, etc.). Other aspects include
pollution control services such as fuel gas stack scrubbers,
particulate reduction, and water treatment and disposal.
C. Natural Gas Services
1. Design & Engineering. Extensive specialized design, engineering,
procurement and construction services are required in building natural
gas production facilities, processing equipment, pipelines and
gathering systems. In offshore situations there is also the matter of
designing and construction platforms, processing equipment and
gathering systems. These services also include the design and operation
of information and communication equipment to facilitate communication
between field and market participants (such as trading floors).
2. Processing & Gathering. This is the process of isolating
saleable products from a mixed raw production stream. For example,
natural gas is isolated from water, hydrocarbon liquids and other inert
gases. Gathering occurs by gathering gas from a group of wells or from
coal bed methane seams or land fills to isolate saleable products and
at a larger level where these saleable products are distributed by
pipeline to market. Natural gas also can be liquified for
transportation by specially designed cargo ships to port facilities
where it is regasified and injected into pipeline systems for
transportation to markets.
3. Transportation. Pipelines typically move natural gas from
gathering and processing facilities, or from liquified natural gas
regasification facilities, to local distribution entities and end-use
markets. Additional services in this area include the repair and
maintenance of pipelines and associated equipment, response to
customers' needs, management training, installation, up grade and
expansion of pipelines, meters, storage and compression equipment, and
installation of service to additional customers.
4. Distribution. Natural gas service is provided to end-use
customers by a local distribution entity, which transports the gas from
the high pressure transportation pipeline to consumers through lower
volume and pressure pipelines. Additional services in this area include
the repair and maintenance of mains, response to customers' needs,
management training, installation of additional mains, meters, storage,
compression and end-use equipment, and installation of service to
additional customers.
5. Storage. Natural gas can be stored in liquefied form in
specialized tanks or as compressed vapor in underground reservoirs.
Storage services help coordinate gas supply and consumption patterns,
thereby increasing the efficiency of the gas production,
transportation, distribution and end-use system.
6. Demand-Side and Other Customer Services. These include programs
to reduce or restructure a customer's consumption of natural gas in
order to conserve natural gas, shape overall consumption patterns, and
enhance the efficiency of the production and delivery system. These
services include energy audits, replacement or up-grades of existing
customer equipment, and other efficiency and conservation services that
help an end-use customer manage the efficient use of natural gas.
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These also include metering and billing services.
7. Trading, Marketing and Brokering. These services include the
buying and selling of natural gas services for resale or for sale to
the ultimate customer, and the arrangement of transactions between
buyers and sellers of natural gas. A gas trader or marketer will buy
natural gas and take the risk that the gas can either be used or resold
to another party. A trader also will aggregate supplies of gas and
provide customers with natural gas supplies and services that are
custom fit to the consumer's needs. Traders also arrange for the
transportation of gas to consumers. Brokers do not purchase natural gas
supplies or services, but arrange transactions between buyers and
sellers and also may aggregate suppliers and sellers in order to take
advantage of large volume transactions.
8. Commodity and Price Risk Management. These services include the
providing of calls, puts, swaps, options and commodity price risk
management tools whose underlying values are attached to the price of
natural gas. Even though these services are utilized by businesses
worldwide, they can involve activities that may be prohibited under
certain jurisdictional anti-gaming laws, because they are not tied
directly to a physical commodity. The development of these services
enhances the efficient operation of natural gas markets by providing
price discovery and price risk management tools to those dealing in the
underlying physical commodity. These services also can lead to
substantial benefits in the deployment of capital in the industry and
improve economic efficiency.
D. Mining and Mining Services
1. Exploration. Exploration services apply both advanced
technologies including remote sensing from satellites and aircraft and
physical surveys and sampling to pinpoint exact locations of mineral
discovery. Drilling services are utilized at promising sites. Core
sample testing services via chemical analysis, x-ray, microanalysis,
and neutron activation analysis among others validate the mineral
discovery. A wide range of commodities are mined including: coal,
copper, iron, molybdenum, gold, phosphate, bauxite, zinc, lead, trona,
limestone, silver, diamonds.
2. Regulatory Approvals and Environmental Permitting. Environmental
engineering services are applied to thoroughly study the environmental
characteristics and impacts of the proposed mine in areas including air
quality, archaeological and cultural, groundwater modeling, noise,
socioeconomic, surface water, wetlands, and other impacts.
Environmental permitting specialists assist in preparation of studies
and documents to meet the various local, state and federal
requirements. Public relations specialists communicate with the various
publics involved in the process. Environmental specialists prepare
plans to protect the environment throughout the mining process, during
reclamation of the site and into perpetuity.
3. Development. Mine planning specialists design detailed
customized plans for surface or underground mining. The plan details
the flow of activity, positioning of all support structures and
processes and definition of equipment to be utilized. A variety of
services are utilized as structures are built, equipment is procured, a
workforce is hired, management staff is appointed, training programs
are developed and the operation prepares for startup. Development may
be performed directly by mine owners/operators or through specialized
consultants and subcontractors in part or in entirety.
4. Extraction. In surface mining, the extraction process begins by
removing any overburden down to the mineral level. Hard overburden and
ores are drilled and blasted into fragments. The fragmented material is
then loaded into transport vehicles or conveyors to carry it to a
dumping or processing area. Crushing of the material may occur during
the transport cycle as well as during processing of the ore. Waste rock
and tailings are carefully managed throughout the operation of a mine.
Mines generally operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, so planning
for proper inspection, parts inventory management, maintenance, repair,
lubrication and upgrading of equipment and haul roads to assure maximum
productivity is critical. Activities may be undertaken by the mine
staff or contracted.
If mineralization is deep beneath the surface, shafts or
passageways are drilled in order to remove the ore and waste and
provide ventilation. Various approaches to mining underground
essentially cut the mineral from the walls and convey it back to the
surface for loading into rail cars or trucks for transfer to
processing. Various engineering disciplines are required to maximize
the reserve recovery at the lowest economical cost.
5. Processing. Many minerals require separation from the rock in
which they are found. The mineral may then require concentration,
usually by crushing or grinding the material. Flotation processes, heap
leaching or in situ processes may be used, depending on the mineral and
the ore body configuration. In the case of coal, washing and blending
to grade may be required. Various treatments for iron ores are required
depending upon their use in final steelmaking. Waste products resulting
from processing need to be disposed of in an environmentally
responsible manner.
6. Production/Technology. To date, mature mining markets have
increased their productivity and reduced their costs via mechanization.
Mechanization has nearly reached its ceiling. Future enhancements will
include the electronic/information systems which allow existing
mechanical/hydraulic systems to communicate among themselves & optimize
performance. Developing markets will be forced to compete on a cost
basis in the future. Most likely, they will follow the trend of the
mature markets (i.e. mechanization). Producing more product with fewer
people will create difficult political, social & economical decisions
for these countries.
7. Marketing. Coal mines establish contracts with utilities or sell
coal on spot markets, while minerals are marketed to industrial
processors or users, or in some cases, agricultural customers.--Hard
rock mineral prices fluctuate relative to the commodities market. There
is a trend in the coal market toward commodity market behavior due to
deregulation/privatization of the utility industry.
8. Transportation. Coal and minerals are transported to processing
facilities and ultimately to the marketplace for those commodities.
Railroads, ore boats, conveyor belt lines and trucking are used
extensively. Aircraft may be used to transport others. In remote mines,
transportation is provided to fly mine staff in and out of the
property. Transportation of all equipment and resources to explore,
develop, operate, service and reclaim a mine are also key
considerations.
9. Reclamation. The modern mining industry is held accountable for
protection of the environment. In most developed countries, reclamation
is an integral and ongoing aspect of the mine plan of operation and
independent laboratories administer tests to assure compliance.
Consultants provide guidance. Environmental specialists work to meet
all permitting requirements during mining operations and reclamation.
10. Recycling. Many mining companies have active recycling
operations. Steel and lead in particular are successfully recovered at
plants designed specifically for those purposes.
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11. Engineering. Design of the equipment and infrastructure to
explore, extract, process and transport minerals along with the design
of mine plans which utilize this equipment optimally is an extremely
challenge task. The history of mining in the world is that the easiest
reserves are always mined first. Future mining will include more
difficult mining conditions, lower quality minerals/ores and more
stringent regulatory requirements. In part, this will be accomplished
successfully with improvements in engineering design/approaches.
Service Summary--The mining industry is supported by a wide variety
of equipment and service suppliers including: mining equipment and
consumables, processing equipment, support equipment and maintenance
services, mining subcontractors, chemicals and explosives, technical
support services, engineering services, environmental services, MIS
services, human resources and infrastructure, international trading and
governments, power generation and infrastructure.
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BILLING CODE 7020-02-P
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Illustrative List of Environment Services
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Div. Sub. Title
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54.............................................. ........... Construction Services.
54342 Septic system installation services.
54650 Insulation services.
61.............................................. ........... Wholesale trade Services.
62.............................................. ........... Retail Trade Services.
***76 Cleaning materials.
***87 Other industry specific machinery and equipment
and related operating supplies.
***89 Other machinery and equipment n.e.c.
***95 Waste & scrap & other material for recycling.
64.............................................. ........... Land Transportation Services under various modes,
e.g., by rail, road.
65.............................................. ........... Water Transportation Services and under various
modes, e.g., by sea.
65219 Other coastal & transoceanic water transport of
freight.
65229 Other inland water transport services of freight.
69.............................................. ........... Various Distribution Services.
69210 Water, except steam & hot water, distribution
services through mains.
81.............................................. ........... Research & Development Services.
81130 Research & Development Services in engineering
and technology.
81190 Research & Development Services in other natural
sciences.
81300 Interdisciplinary research & experimental
development services.
83.............................................. ........... Other Professional, Scientific and Technical
services.
83131 Environment consulting services.
83399 Other engineering services, other projects.
83520 Subsurface surveying services.
83530 Surface surveying services.
83561 Composition & purity testing & analysis services.
86.............................................. ........... Production services, on a fee or contract basis.
86222 Services incidental to water supply.
86590 Installation services of other goods.
86931 Metal waste & scrap recycling services.
86932 Non-metal waste & scrap recycling services.
87.............................................. ........... Maintenance & Repair Services.
87159 Maintenance & repair services of machinery &
equipment n.e.c.
94.............................................. ........... Sewage & Refuse Disposal, Sanitation & Other
Environmental Protection Services.
94110 Sewage treatment services.
94120 Tank emptying & cleaning services.
94211 Non-hazardous waste collection services.
94212 Non-hazardous waste treatment & disposal
services.
94221 Hazardous waste collection services.
94222 Hazardous waste treatment & disposal services.
94310 Sweeping & snow removal services.
94390 Other Sanitation services.
94900 Other environmental protection services.
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Based on the Draft Central Product Classification (CPC) (Services Par; Sections 5-9) Version 1.0.
Notes:
1. This list is not comprehensive, but illustrative
2. CPC Version 1.0 provides further details on subclasses, i.e., short lists of services included and sometimes
services excluded with cross-references to other parts of CPC Version 1.0.
3. This list is adapted from the document passed out by the Canadian Delegation at the APEC meetings in Penang
in February 1998.
[FR Doc. 98-8530 Filed 3-31-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7020-02-P