[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 137 (Thursday, July 17, 1997)]
[Notices]
[Pages 38339-38354]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-18757]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration


Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty 
Actions; Publication

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of publication.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of 
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty 
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by 
subject matter, and case digests containing identifying information 
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator. 
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the 
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders. Also, 
the publication of these indexes and digests should assist litigants 
and practitioners in their research and review of decisions and orders 
that may have precedential value in a particular civil penalty action. 
Publication of these indexes ensures that the agency is in compliance 
with statutory indexing requirements.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation (AGC-400), 
Federal Aviation Administration, 400 7th Street, SW., Suite PL 200-A, 
Washington, DC 20590: telephone (202) 366-4118.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires 
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection 
and copying current indexes containing identifying information 
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in 
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced 
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide 
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and 
the rules of practice governing hearings and

[[Page 38340]]

appeals of civil penalty actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G.
    The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and 
containing identifying information about each decision or order. The 
FAA also maintains a cumulative subject-matter index and digests 
organized by order number.
    The indexes are published on a quarterly basis (i.e., January, 
April, July, and October.) This publication represents the quarter 
ending on June 30, 1997.
    The FAA first published these indexes and digests for all decisions 
and orders issued by the Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 
FR 45984; October 31, 1990. The FAA announced in that notice that only 
the subject-matter index would be published cumulatively and that the 
order number index would be non-cumulative. The FAA announced in a 
later notice that the order number indexes published in January would 
reflect all of the civil penalty decisions for the previous year. 58 FR 
5044; 1/19/93.
    The previous quarterly publications of the indexes of the 
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases have 
appeared in the Federal Register as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Dates of quarter              Federal Register  publication    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/1/89-9/30/90..................  55 FR 45984; 10/31/90                
10/1/90-12/31/90.................  56 FR 44886; 2/6/91                  
1/1/91-3/31/91...................  56 FR 20250; 5/2/91                  
4/1/91-6/30/91...................  56 FR 31984; 7/12/91                 
7/1/91-9/30/91...................  56 FR 51735; 10/15/91                
10/1/91-12/31/91.................  57 FR 2299; 1/21/92                  
1/1/92-3/31/92...................  57 FR 12359; 4/9/92                  
4/1/92-6/30/92...................  57 FR 32825; 7/23/92                 
7/1/92-9/30/92...................  57 FR 48255; 10/22/92                
10/1/92-12/31/92.................  58 FR 5044; 1/19/93                  
1/1/93-3/31/93...................  58 FR 21199; 4/19/93                 
4/1/93-6/30/93...................  58 FR 42120; 8/6/93                  
7/1/93-9/30/93...................  58 FR 58218; 10/29/93                
10/1/93-12/31/93.................  59 FR 5466; 2/4/94                   
1/1/94-3/31/94...................  59 FR 22196; 4/29/94                 
4/1/94-6/30/94...................  59 FR 39618; 8/3/94                  
7/1/94-12/31/94..................  60 FR 4454; 1/23/95                  
1/1/95-3/31/95...................  60 FR 19318; 4/17/95                 
4/1/95-6/30/95...................  60 FR 36854; 7/18/95                 
7/1/95-9/30/95...................  60 FR 53228; 10/12/95                
10/1/95-12/31/95.................  61 FR 1972; 1/24/96                  
1/1/96-3/31/96...................  61 FR 16955; 4/18/96                 
4/1/96-6/30/96...................  61 FR 37526; 7/18/96                 
7/1/96-9/30/96...................  61 FR 54833; 10/22/96                
10/1/96-12/31/96.................  62 FR 2434; 1/16/97                  
1/1/97-3/31/97...................  62 FR 24533; 5/2/97                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The civil penalty decisions and orders, and the indexes and digests 
are available in FAA offices. In addition, the Administrator's civil 
penalty decisions have been published by commercial publishers (Hawkins 
Publishing Company and Clark Boardman Callahan) and are available on 
computer on-line services (Westlaw, LEXIS, Compuserve and FedWorld). 
(The addresses of FAA offices where the civil penalty decisions may be 
reviewed and information regarding these commercial publications and 
computer databases is provided at the end of this notice.)

 Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator Order Number 
                                  Index                                 
       [This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the      
          Administrator from April 1, 1997, to June 30, 1997.]          
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
97-14........................  Pacific Aviation International, Inc. d/b/
                                a Inter-Island Helicopters.             
5/2/97.......................  CP95WP0049.                              
97-15........................  Ray Randall Houston and Johnson County   
                                Aerial Services, Inc.                   
5/8/97.......................  CP95SO0182, CP94SO0101.                  
97-16........................  Mauna Kea Helicopters.                   
5/23/97......................  CP94WP0005, CP95WP0021, CP94WP0022.      
97-17........................  Ronald V. Stallings.                     
5/23/97......................  CP96WP0083.                              
97-18........................  Pierre A. Robinson.                      
5/23/97......................  CP96EA0268.                              
97-19........................  Donald M. Missirlian.                    
5/23/97......................  CP95WP0282.                              
97-20........................  Nicholas J. Werle.                       
5/23/97......................  CP96WP0066.                              
97-21........................  Delta Air Lines, Inc.                    
5/28/97......................  CP95WP0129.                              
97-22........................  Sanford Air, Inc.                        
5/28/97......................  CP95NE0301.                              
97-23........................  Detroit Metropolitan-Wayne County        
                                Airport.                                
6/5/97.......................  CP95GL0069.                              
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 38341]]


                 Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator Subject Matter Index                 
                                          [Current as of June 30, 1997]                                         
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administrative Law Judges--Power and Authority:                                                                 
    Continuance of hearing.............................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.            
    Credibility findings...............................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley   
                                                          Air; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 95-25 Conquest;  
                                                          95-26 Hereth; 97-20 Werle.                            
    Default Judgment...................................  91-11 Continental airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez;
                                                          94-22 Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond.           
    Discovery..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
    Expert Testimony...................................  92-21 Sweeney.                                         
    Granting extensions of time:                                                                                
        To file Answer.................................  95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson.          
        To file Brief..................................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Hearing location...................................  92-50 Cullop.                                          
    Hearing request....................................  93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen.              
                                                         94-37 Houston; 95-9 Rayner.                            
    Initial Decision...................................  92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.                         
    Jurisdiction:                                                                                               
        Generally......................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32     
                                                          Barnhill.                                             
        After issuance of order assessing civil penalty  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
        After complaint withdrawn......................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
    Motion for Decision................................  92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 
                                                          Merkley; 96-24 Horizon.                               
    No authority to extend due date for late Answer      95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson.          
     without showing of good cause. (See also Answer).                                                          
    Notice of Hearing..................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
    Regulate proceedings...............................  97-20 Werle.                                           
    Sanction...........................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22 
                                                          Harkins; 94-28 Toyota.                                
    Service of law judges by parties...................  97-18 Robinson.                                        
    Vacate initial decision............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.         
Aerial Photography.....................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters.                            
Agency Attorney........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
Air Carrier:                                                                                                    
    Agent/independent contractor of....................  92-70 USAir.                                           
    Careless or Reckless...............................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
    Duty of care:                                                                                               
        Non-delegable..................................  92-70 USAir; 96-16 Westair Commuter; 96-24 Horizon; 97-
                                                          8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.         
    Employee...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-  
                                                          Island Helicopters.                                   
    Ground Security Coordinator, Failure to provide....  96-16 WestAir Commuter.                                
Aircraft Maintenance (see also Airworthiness,                                                                   
 Maintenance Manual):                                                                                           
    Generally..........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural 
                                                          Aviation; 93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific Av. 
                                                          d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10    
                                                          Alphin; 97-11 Hampton.                                
    Acceptable methods, techniques, and practices......  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    After certificate:                                                                                          
        Revocation.....................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    Airworthiness Directive, compliance with...........  96-18 Kilrain; 97-9 Alphin.                            
    Inspection.........................................  96-18 Kilrain; 97-10 Alphin.                           
    Major/minor repairs................................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    Minimum Equipment List (MEL).......................  94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon; 97-11 Hampton; 97-21 Delta.
Aircraft Records:                                                                                               
    Aircraft Operation.................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
    Flight and Duty Time...............................  96-4 South Aero.                                       
    Maintenance Records................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.      
    ``Yellow tags''....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Aircraft-Weight and Balance (See Weight and Balance)                                                            
 Airmen:                                                                                                        
    Pilots.............................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry % Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.                    
    Altitude deviation.................................  92-49 Richardson & Shimp.                              
    Careless or Reckless...............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-
                                                          29 Sweeney; 96-17 Fenner.                             
    Flight time limitations............................  93-11 Merkley.                                         
    Follow ATC Instruction.............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp.                                   
    Low Flight.........................................  92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.                         
    Owner's responsibility.............................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    Runway Incursions..................................  92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter.                   
    See and Avoid......................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         

[[Page 38342]]

                                                                                                                
Air Operations Area (AOA):                                                                                      
    Air Carrier:                                                                                                
        Responsibilities...............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Airport Operator:                                                                                           
        Responsibilities...............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1    
                                                          [Airport Operator];                                   
    Badge Display......................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.        
    Definition of......................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
    Exclusive Areas....................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
Airport Security Program (ASP):                                                                                 
    Compliance with....................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 96-1        
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan.       
Airport Operator:                                                                                               
    Responsibilities...................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1    
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan.       
Air Traffic Control (ATC):                                                                                      
    Error as mitigating factor.........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.                           
    Error as exonerating factor........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.              
    Ground Control.....................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
    Local Control......................................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Tapes & Transcripts................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.         
Airworthiness..........................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight         
                                                          Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-72 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11 
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-18 Kilrain; 94-
                                                          25 USAir; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island         
                                                          Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-11 Hampton;
                                                          97-21 Delta.                                          
Amicus Curiae Briefs...................................  90-25 Gabbert.                                         
  Answer:                                                                                                       
    ALJ may not extend due date for late Answer unless   95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson.          
     good cause shown.                                                                                          
    Timeliness of answer...............................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47        
                                                          Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5    
                                                          Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 94-43 Perez; 95-10
                                                          Diamond; 95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson;
                                                          97-19 Missirlian.                                     
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck; 97-19 Missirlian.          
Appeals (See also Timeliness; Mailing Rule):                                                                    
    Briefs, Generally..................................  89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-39 Beck; 93-24 Stelel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl; 
                                                          94-23 Perez; 95-13 Kilrain.                           
    Additional Appeal Brief............................  92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28    
                                                          Strohl; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94- 
                                                          29 Sutton; 97-22 Sanford Air.                         
    Appeal Dismissed as premature......................  95-19 Rayner.                                          
    Appeal Dismissed as moot after complaint withdrawn.  92-9 Griffin.                                          
    Appellate arguments................................  92-70 USAir.                                           
    Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal Courts....                                                         
    ``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed Brief or Notice of     90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-
     Appeal).                                             24 Esau; 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3     
                                                          Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre
                                                          Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne Co. 
                                                          Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-
                                                          31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-25         
                                                          Conquest, 97-6 WRA Inc; 97-7 Stalling.                
    Motion to Vacate construed as a brief..............  91-11 Continental Airlines.                            
    Perfecting an Appeal, Generally....................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23     
                                                          Perez; 95-13 Kilrain; 96-5 Alphin Aircraft.           
        Extension of Time for (good cause for).........  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91- 
                                                          32 Bargen; 91-50 Costello; 92-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24   
                                                          Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez.                     

[[Page 38343]]

                                                                                                                
        Failure to.....................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird         
                                                          Accessories; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 
                                                          91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91- 
                                                          47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18
                                                          Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 
                                                          Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk      
                                                          Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78
                                                          TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31
                                                          Allen; 93-34 Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City        
                                                          Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French   
                                                          Aircraft; 94-34 American International Airways; 94-35 
                                                          American International Airways; 94-36 American        
                                                          international Airways; 95-4 Hanson; 95-22 & 96-5      
                                                          Alphin Aircraft; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 96-13 Winslow;
                                                          97-3 [Airport Operator], 97-6 WRA, Inc.; 97-15 Houston
                                                          & Johnson County.                                     
        Notice of appeal construed as appeal brief.....  92-39 Beck; 94-15 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23       
                                                          Atlantic World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford
                                                          Air.                                                  
        What Constitutes...............................  90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23
                                                          Perez; 94-30 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23 Atlantic  
                                                          World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford Air.    
    Service of brief:                                                                                           
        Failure to serve other party...................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.                       
    Timeliness of Notice of Appeal.....................  90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69
                                                          McCabe; 93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse;  
                                                          95-15 Alphin Aviation; 96-14 Midtown Neon Sign Corp.; 
                                                          97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.                               
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5   
                                                          Sussman; 90-6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-
                                                          9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 
                                                          90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-
                                                          40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-
                                                          5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91-
                                                          15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21 Britt       
                                                          Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental  
                                                          Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28 
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35
                                                          M. Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America  
                                                          West; 91-42 Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan;
                                                          91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-
                                                          2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12   
                                                          Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg; 92-  
                                                          22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air      
                                                          Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 
                                                          92-43 Delta Air Lines; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92- 
                                                          54 & 92-55 Northwest Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61  
                                                          Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-79
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14
                                                          Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22     
                                                          Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 
                                                          94-9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan        
                                                          American Airways; 94-13 Boyle; 94-14 B & G            
                                                          Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-33 Trans World Airlines;  
                                                          94-41 Dewey Towner; 94-42 Taylor; 95-1 Diamond        
                                                          Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air Lines; 95-5 Araya; 95-6      
                                                          Sutton; 95-7 Empire Airlines; 95-20 USAir; 95-21      
                                                          Faisca; 95-24 Delta Air Lines; 96-7 Delta Air Lines;  
                                                          96-8 Empire Airlines; 96-10 USAir, 96-11 USAir, 96-12 
                                                          USAir; 92-21 Houseal; 97-4 [Airport Operator]; 97-5   
                                                          WestAir.                                              
Assault (see also Battery, and Passenger Misconduct)...  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
``Attempt''............................................  89-5 Schultz.                                          
Attorney Conduct:                                                                                               
    Obstreperous or Disruptive.........................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)                                                                                        
Aviation Safety Reporting System.......................  90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson &    
                                                          Shimp.                                                
Balloon (Hot Air)......................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                        
Bankruptcy.............................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
Battery (see also Assault and Passenger Misconduct)....  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
Certificates and Authorizations:                                                                                
    Surrender when revoked.............................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
Civil Air Security National Airport:                                                                            
    Inspection Program (CASNAIP).......................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          40 [Airport Operation]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)                                                                             
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument)                                                                      
Collateral Estoppel....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Complaint:                                                                                                      
    Complainant Bound By...............................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.                              

[[Page 38344]]

                                                                                                                
    No Timely Answer to. (See Answer)                                                                           
        Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction................  94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.          
    Staleness (see Stale Complaint Rule)                                                                        
    Statute of Limitations (See Statute of Limitations)                                                         
    Timeliness of Complaint............................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.   
    Withdrawal of......................................  94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.                             
Compliance & Enforcement Program:                                                                               
    (FAA Order No. 2150.3A)............................  89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Compliance/Enforcement Bulletin 92-3...............  96-19 [Air Carrier].                                   
    Sanction Guidance Table............................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37         
                                                          Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines. 
Concealment of Weapons (See Weapons Violations)                                                                 
Consolidation of Cases.................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.             
Constitutionality of Regulations (See also Double                                                               
 Jeopardy):                                                                                                     
    Generally..........................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 
                                                          96-1 [Airport Operator]; 96-25 USAir; 97-16 Mauna Kea.
Continuance of Hearing.................................  90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.                         
Corrective Action (See Sanction)                                                                                
Credibility of Witnesses:                                                                                       
    Generally..........................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters; 95-26 Hereth.              
    Bias...............................................  97-9 Alphin.                                           
    Defer to ALJ determination of......................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 95-26 Hereth; 
                                                          97-20 Werle.                                          
    Expert witnesses (See also Witnesses)..............  90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf; 96-3 America West        
                                                          Airlines.                                             
    Identification by eyewitnesses.....................  97-20 Werle.                                           
    Impeachment........................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
De facto answer........................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Deliberative Process Privilege.........................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19           
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
Deterrence.............................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-11 Hampton.             
Discovery:                                                                                                      
    Deliberative Process Privilege.....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19           
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
    Depositions, generally.............................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
        Notice of deposition...........................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
    Failure to Produce.................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation;
                                                          93-10 Costello.                                       
        Sanction for...................................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.             
    Regarding Unrelated Case...........................  92-46; Sutton-Sautter.                                 
Double Jeopardy........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-26 Midtown.                  
Due Process:                                                                                                    
    Generally..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8  
                                                          Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.           
    Before finding a violation.........................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Multiple violations................................  96-26 Midtown; 97-9 Alphin.                            
    No right to assigned counsel.......................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9  
                                                          Alphin.                                               
    Violation of.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8  
                                                          Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.           
EAJA:                                                                                                           
    Adversary Adjudication.............................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota.                                            
    Amount of award....................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Appeal from ALJ decision...........................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                        
    Expert witness fees................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Final disposition..................................  96-22 Woodhouse.                                       
    Further proceedings................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
    Jurisdiction over appeal...........................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.                          
        Late-filed application.........................  96-22 Woodhouse.                                       
    Other expenses.....................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
    Position of agency.................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Prevailing party...................................  91-52 Aviation.                                        
    Special circumstances..............................  95-18 Pacific Sky.                                     
    Substantial justification..........................  91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific  
                                                          Sky; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.              
    Supplementation of application.....................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
Evidence (See Proof & Evidence)                                                                                 
Ex Parte Communications................................  93-10 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-19 Rayner.           
Expect Witnesses (See Witness):                                                                                 
Extension of Time:                                                                                              
    By Agreement of Parties............................  89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
    Dismissal by Decisionmaker.........................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.                              

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    Good Cause for.....................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.                          
    Objection to.......................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.              
    Who may grant......................................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
Federal Courts.........................................  92-7 West; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.                     
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.......................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
Federal Rules of Evidence (See also Proof & Evidence):                                                          
    Admissions.........................................  96-25 USAir.                                           
    Settlement Offers..................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Subsequent Remedial Measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                            
Final Oral Argument....................................  92-3 Park.                                             
Firearms (See Weapons)                                                                                          
Ferry Flights..........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
Flight & Duty Time:                                                                                             
    Circumstances beyond crew's control:                                                                        
        Generally......................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Foreseeability.................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Late freight...................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Weather........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
    Competency check flights...........................  96-4 South Aero.                                       
    Limitation of Duty Time............................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.                
    Limitation of Flight Time..........................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        ``Other commercial flying''....................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
Flights................................................  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                            
Freedom of Information Act.............................  93-10 Costello.                                        
Fuel Exhaustion........................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          
Guns (See Weapons)                                                                                              
Ground Security Coordinator (See also Air Carrier;                                                              
 Standard Security Program):                                                                                    
    Failure to provide.................................  96-16 WestAir Commuter.                                
Hazardous Materials:                                                                                            
    Transportation of, generally.......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77
                                                          TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling; 95-12 Toyota;
                                                          95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.                         
    Civil Penalty, generally...........................  96-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-25 Midtown.                                        
        Corrective Action..............................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.                               
        Culpability....................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.               
        Financial hardship.............................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
            Installment plan...........................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
        First-time violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.               
        Gravity of violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.
        Minimum penalty................................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
    Criminal Penalty...................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.                             
    EAJA, applicability of.............................  94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.                               
    Individual violations..............................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
    Judicial review....................................  97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.                                
    Knowingly..........................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.         
Informal Conference....................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
Initial Decision:                                                                                               
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Interference with crewmembers (see also Passenger        92-3 Park; 96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                  
 Misconduct; Assault).                                                                                          
Interlocutory Appeal...................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37   
                                                          Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan.                 
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-
                                                          73 Wayatt.                                            
Jurisdiction:                                                                                                   
    After initial decision.............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-38    
                                                          Strohl.                                               
    After Order Assessing Civil Penalty................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    After withdrawal of complaint......................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
    $50,000 Limit......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
    EAJA cases.........................................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.                          
    HazMat cases.......................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
    NTSB...............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
Knowledge of concealed weapon (See also Weapons          89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
 Violation).                                                                                                    
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay)                                                                                 
Mailing Rule, generally................................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
                                                          90-39 Hart.                                           
    Overnight express delivery.........................  89-6 American Airlines.                                
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance)                                                                          
Maintenance Instruction................................  93-36 Valley Air.                                      
Maintenance Manual.....................................  93-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 96-25 USAir.            
    Air carrier maintenance manual.....................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    Approved/accepted repairs..........................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            

[[Page 38346]]

                                                                                                                
    Manufacturer's maintenance manual..................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft Maintenance)                                                         
Mootness, appeal dismissed as moot.....................  92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.                               
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP)....  90-16 Rocky Mountain.                                  
National Transportation Safety Board:                                                                           
    Administrator not bound by NTSB case law...........  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shrimp; 93-18  
                                                          Westair Commuter.                                     
    Lack of Jurisdiction...............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74     
                                                          Wendt.                                                
Notice of Hearing:                                                                                              
    Receipt............................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:                                                                               
    Initiates Action...................................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
    Signature of agency attorney.......................  93-12 Langton.                                         
    Withdrawal of......................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
Operate, generally.....................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.                                            
    Responsibility of aircraft owner/operator for        96-17 Fenner.                                          
     actions of pilot.                                                                                          
Oral Argument before Administrator on appeal:                                                                   
    Decision to hold...................................  92-16 Wendt.                                           
    Instructions for...................................  92-27 Wendt.                                           
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:                                                                                  
    Appeal from........................................  92-1 Costello; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    Timeliness of request for hearing..................  95-19 Rayner.                                          
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 95-19    
                                                          Rayner; 97-7 Stalling.                                
Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA):                                                                              
    Failure to obtain..................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Passenger Misconduct...................................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Assault/Battery....................................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
    Interference with a crewmember.....................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
    Smoking............................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
    Stowing carry-on items.............................  97-12 Mayer.                                           
Penalty (See Sanction; Hazardous Materials):                                                                    
Person.................................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
Prima Facie Case (See also Proof & Evidence)...........  95-26 Hereth; 96-3 America West Airlines.              
Proof & Evidence (See also Federal Rules of Evidence):                                                          
    Affirmative Defense................................  92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.                
    Burden of Proof....................................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92- 
                                                          13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.   
    Circumstantial Evidence............................  90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29        
                                                          Sweeney; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-10 Alphin; 97-
                                                          11 Hampton.                                           
    Credibility (See Administrative Law Judges;                                                                 
     Credibility of Witnesses):                                                                                 
    Criminal standard rejected.........................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Closing Arguments (See also Final Oral Argument)...  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                            
    Extra-record material..............................  95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.                           
    Hearsay............................................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
    Identification by eyewitness reliability of........  97-20 Werle.                                           
    Preponderance of evidence..........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffrida.                                            
    Presumption that message on ATC tape is received as  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.         
     transmitted.                                                                                               
    Presumption that a gun is deadly or dangerous......  90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.                         
    Presumption that owner gave pilot permission.......  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    Prima facie case...................................  95-26 Hereth, 96-3 America West.                       
    Settlement offer...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Subsequent remedial measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Substantial evidence...............................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
Pro Se Parties:                                                                                                 
    Special Considerations.............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 95-25        
                                                          Conquest.                                             
Prosecutorial Discretion...............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38           
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46 
                                                          Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt; 95-17 Larry's Flying     
                                                          Service.                                              
Reconsideration:                                                                                                
    Denied by ALJ......................................  89-4 & 90-3 Metz.                                      
    Granted by ALJ.....................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
    Late Request for...................................  97-14 Pacific Aviation.                                
    Petition based on new material.....................  96-23 Kilrain.                                         
    Repetitious petitions..............................  96-9 [Airport Operator].                               
    Stay of Order Pending..............................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
Redundancy, enhancing safety...........................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
Remand.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24    
                                                          Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1     
                                                          Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-37 Houston; 97-18
                                                          Robinson.                                             

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Repair Station.........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 
                                                          94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin.            
Request for Hearing....................................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    Constructive withdrawal of.........................  97-7 Stalling.                                         
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G):                                                                  
    Applicability of...................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS   
                                                          Aviation.                                             
    Challenges to......................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continetal Airlines; 90-21        
                                                          Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.                    
    Effect of Changes in...............................  90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
    Initiation of Action...............................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
Runway incursions......................................  92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter.                   
Sanction:                                                                                                       
    Ability to Pay.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10
                                                          Flight Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72       
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51
                                                          Koblick; 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft      
                                                          Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a     
                                                          Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-11 Hampton; 97-16 Mauna  
                                                          Kea.                                                  
    Agency policy:                                                                                              
        ALJ Bound by...................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-19  
                                                          [Air Carrier].                                        
        Changes after complaint........................  97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.                                
        Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A,          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 
         Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda pertaining    90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-4  
         to).                                             South Aero; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-25 USAir.         
        Superceded policy..............................  96-19 [Air Carrier].                                   
    Compliance Disposition.............................  97-23 Detroit Metropolitan.                            
    Consistency with Precedent.........................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-26 Midtown.                           
        Superceded policy..............................  96-19 [Air Carrier].                                   
    Corrective Action..................................  91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          41 [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18    
                                                          Westair Commuter; 94-28 Toyota; 96-4 South Aero; 96-19
                                                          [Air Carrier]; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 97-23 Detroit         
                                                          Metropolitan.                                         
    Discovery (See Discovery)                                                                                   
    Factors to consider................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 
                                                          91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport  
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight     
                                                          Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28 
                                                          Toyota; 95-11 Horizon; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-26     
                                                          Midtown; 97-16 Mauna Kea.                             
    First-Time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.     
    HazMat (See Hazardous Materials)                                                                            
    Inexperience.......................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
    Installment Payments...............................  95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.           
    Maintenance........................................  95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific
                                                          Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10
                                                          Hampton.                                              
    Maximum............................................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller; 96-19 [Air Carrier].         
    Minimum (HazMat)...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.                          
    Modified...........................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38     
                                                          Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines;  
                                                          92-32 Barnhill.                                       
    Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanction (See    94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.          
     also Complaint).                                                                                           
    Sanctions in specific cases:                                                                                
        Passenger Misconduct...........................  97-12 Mayer.                                           
        Person evading screening (see also Screening)..  97-20 Werle.                                           
        Pilot Deviation................................  92-8 Watkins.                                          
        Test object detection..........................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air         
                                                          Carrier].                                             
        Unairworthy aircraft...........................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9  
                                                          Alphin.                                               
        Unauthorized access............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;  
                                                          94-1 Delta Air Lines.                                 
        Weapons violations.............................  90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92- 
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5
                                                          Grant; 97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.                        
Screening of Persons:                                                                                           
    Air Carrier failure to detect weapon:                                                                       
        Sanction.......................................  94-44 American Airlines.                               
    Entering Sterile Areas.............................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl; 97-20 Werle.                 
    Sanction for evading screening (see also Sanction).  97-20 Werle.                                           
Security (See Screening of Persons, Standard Security                                                           
 Program, Test Object Detection, Unauthorized Access,                                                           
 Weapons Violations):                                                                                           
    Sealing of Record..................................  97-13 Westair Commuter.                                
Separation of Functions................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38      
                                                          Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel.                    
Service (See also Mailing rule; Receipt):                                                                       
    Of NPCP............................................  90-22 USAir; 97-20 Werle.                              

[[Page 38348]]

                                                                                                                
    Of FNPCP...........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
    Receipt of document sent by mail...................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
    Return of certified mail...........................  97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.                                
    Valid Service......................................  92-18 Bargen.                                          
Settlement.............................................  91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall.                  
Smoking................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                      
Stale Complaint Rule:                                                                                           
    If NPCP not sent...................................  97-20 Werle.                                           
Standard Security Program (SSP):                                                                                
    Compliance with....................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta 
                                                          Airlines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1    
                                                          Delta Airlines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].                  
    Ground Security Coordinator........................  96-16 Westair Commuter.                                
Statute of Limitations.................................  97-20 Werle.                                           
Stay of Orders.........................................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
    Pending judicial review............................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                
Strict Liability.......................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 
                                                          91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 97-
                                                          23 Detroit Metropolitan.                              
Test Object Detection..................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines;
                                                          92-13 Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier]            
    Proof of violation.................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta  
                                                          Air Lines.                                            
    Sanction...........................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air Carrier]
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Mailing Rule; and                                                               
 Appeals):                                                                                                      
    Of response to NPCP................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
    Of complaint.......................................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.               
    Of NPCP............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    Of reply brief.....................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
    Of request for hearing.............................  93-12 Langton; 95-19 Rayner.                           
Of EAJA application (See EAJA-Final disposition, EAJA-                                                          
 Jurisdiction):                                                                                                 
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer Approval)  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Unauthorized Access:                                                                                            
    To Aircraft........................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air     
                                                          Lines.                                                
    To Air Operations Area (AOA).......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
Unreasonable Delay In Initiating Action................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
Visual Cues Indicating Runway (see Airmen; Runway        89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23      
 Incursion), Weapons Violations, generally.               Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3      
                                                          Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Easu; 91-53 Koller; 92-32
                                                          Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59  
                                                          Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American Airlines.   
    Concealed weapon...................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.     
    ``Deadly or Dangerous''............................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Easu.     
    First-time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz.                                          
    Intent to commit violation.........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26   
                                                          Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.                    
    Knowledge:                                                                                                  
        Of Weapon Concealment (See also Knowledge).....  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
    Sanction (See Sanction)                                                                                     
Weight and Balance.....................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                              
Witness (See also Credibility):                                                                                 
    Absence of,                                                                                                 
        Failure to subpoena............................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Expert testimony:                                                                                           
        Evaluation of..................................  93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney; 96-3    
                                                          America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-9 Alphin. 
    Expert witness fees (See EAJA)                                                                              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Regulations (Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted)                               
                                                                                                                
1.1 (maintenance)......................................  94-38 Bohan; 97-11 Hampton.                            
1.1 (major repair).....................................  96-3 American West Airlines.                           
1.1 (minor repair).....................................  96-3 American West Airlines.                           
1.1 (operate)..........................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.                                            
1.1 (person)...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
1.1 (propeller)........................................  96-15 Valley Air.                                      
13.16..................................................  90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest     
                                                          Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18    
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92- 
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-27   
                                                          Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling; 95-19 Rayner;  
                                                          96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-9 
                                                          Alphin.                                               
13.201.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
13.202.................................................  90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.        

[[Page 38349]]

                                                                                                                
13.203.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38       
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
13.204.................................................                                                         
13.205.................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska     
                                                          Airlines; 92-32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 
                                                          94-39 Kirola; 95-16 Mulhall; 97-20 Werle.             
13.206.................................................                                                         
13.207.................................................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
13.208.................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety
                                                          Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth; 97-
                                                          20 Werle.                                             
13.209.................................................  92-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety 
                                                          Equipment; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22 Harkins; 94- 
                                                          29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 95-10 Diamond; 95-28        
                                                          Atlantic World Airways; 97-7 Stalling; 97-18 Robinson.
13.210.................................................  92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-
                                                          7 Dunn; 93-28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna; 95-28
                                                          Atlantic World Airways; 96-17 Fenner; 97-11 Hampton;  
                                                          97-18 Robinson.                                       
13.211.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 
                                                          Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 
                                                          92-57 Detroit Metro, Wayne County Airport; 92-74      
                                                          Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant;
                                                          94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota; 95-28    
                                                          Valley Air; 97-7 Stalling; 97-11 Hampton.             
13.212.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental        
                                                          Airlines.                                             
13.213.................................................                                                         
13.214.................................................  91-3 Lewis.                                            
13.215.................................................  93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.                            
13.216.................................................                                                         
13.217.................................................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
13.218.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 
                                                          90-39 Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific  
                                                          Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 
                                                          95-18 Rayner; 96-16 WestAir; 96-24 Horizon.           
13.219.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91- 
                                                          54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit     
                                                          Metro, Wayne Airport.                                 
13.220.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts      
                                                          Agricultural Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                
13.221.................................................  92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.             
13.222.................................................  92-72 Giuffrida; 96-15 Valley Air.                     
13.223.................................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida; 95-26    
                                                          Hereth; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-11 Hampton.              
13.224.................................................  90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota; 95-25       
                                                          Conquest; 96-17 Fenner.                               
13.225.................................................                                                         
13.226.................................................                                                         
13.227.................................................  90-21 Carroll; 95-26 Hereth.                           
13.228.................................................  92-3 Park.                                             
13.229.................................................                                                         
13.230.................................................  92-19 Cornwall; 95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.           
13.231.................................................  92-3 Park.                                             
13.232.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18   
                                                          Bargen; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-6 Ignatov.               
13.233.................................................  89-1                                                   

[[Page 38350]]

                                                                                                                
13.233.................................................  Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner; 89-8  
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird 
                                                          Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20        
                                                          Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-
                                                          19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental 
                                                          Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8 Watts         
                                                          Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11 Continental
                                                          Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 Britt       
                                                          Airways; 91-31 Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-43 & 91-
                                                          44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta; 91-47 Delta; 91-48 
                                                          Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53 Koller; 92-1         
                                                          Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15   
                                                          Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-
                                                          27 Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay    
                                                          Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck;  
                                                          92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean    
                                                          Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-67
                                                          USAir; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74 Wendt; 92-
                                                          78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn; 
                                                          93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-
                                                          27 Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-
                                                          9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-
                                                          15 Columna; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page; 
                                                          94-26 French Aircraft; 94-28 Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-
                                                          9 Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain; 95-23 Atlantic World      
                                                          Airways; 95-25 Conquest; 95-26 Hereth; 96-1 [Airport  
                                                          Operator]; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 97-1 Midtown Neon   
                                                          Sign; 97-2 Sanford Air; 97-7 Stalling; 97-22 Sanford  
                                                          Air.                                                  
13.234.................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90- 
                                                          38 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95- 
                                                          12 Toyota; 96-9 [Airport Operator]; 96-23 Kilrain.    
13.235.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Ailines; 90-15 Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.      
Part 14................................................  92-74 & 93-2 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.          
14.01..................................................  91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.                            
14.04..................................................  91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello; 95- 
                                                          27 Valley Air.                                        
14.05..................................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
14.12..................................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
14.20..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 96-22 Woodhouse.                   
14.22..................................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
14.26..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-27 Valley Air.                  
14.28..................................................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                        
21.181.................................................  96-25 USAir.                                           
21.303.................................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.    
25.855.................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
39.3...................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3...................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
43.5...................................................  96-18 Kilrain.                                         
43.9...................................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
43.13..................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38  
                                                          Bohan; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-25 USAir; 97-9  
                                                          Alphin; 97-10 Alphin.                                 
43.15..................................................  90-25 and 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural       
                                                          Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse; 96-18 Kilrain.              
65.15..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
65.92..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
91.7...................................................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-16 
                                                          Mauna Kea.                                            
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90).............................  92-3 Park.                                             
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90).............................  90-15 Playter; 91-12 and 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8     
                                                          Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & 
                                                          Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17 
                                                          Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-29 
                                                          Sutton; 95-26 Hereth; 96-17 Fenner.                   
91.11..................................................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90).............................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight         
                                                          Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.            
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.                          
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney.                                         
91.71..................................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 and 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40     
                                                          Wendt; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.          
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)...........................  90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.          
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 and 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.           
91.103.................................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          
91.111.................................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
91.113.................................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
91.151.................................................  96-26 Hereth.                                          
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)..........................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      

[[Page 38351]]

                                                                                                                
91.213.................................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
91.403.................................................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.       
91.405.................................................  97-16 Mauna Kea.                                       
91.703.................................................  94-29 Sutton.                                          
107.1..................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4     
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
107.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport      
                                                          Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport   
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 Airport    
                                                          Operator]; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit     
                                                          Metropolitan.                                         
107.20.................................................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl; 97-20 Werle.                 
107.21.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23      
                                                          Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39     
                                                          Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 
                                                          Esau; 91-53 Koller, 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-
                                                          46 Sutton Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson;
                                                          94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling; 97-7 Stalling.            
107.25.................................................  94-30 Columna.                                         
108.5..................................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 
                                                          91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55   
                                                          Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-
                                                          44 American Airlines; 96-16 WestAir; 96-19 [Air       
                                                          Carrier].                                             
108.7..................................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                    
108.10.................................................  96-16 WestAir.                                         
108.11.................................................  90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-
                                                          Sautter; 94-44 American Airlines.                     
108.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
121.133................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines.                            
121.153................................................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West  
                                                          Airlines; 96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir; 97-21 Delta.    
121.317................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                      
121.318................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
121.367................................................  Continental Airlines; 96-25 USAir.                     
121.571................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
121.589................................................  97-12 Mayer.                                           
121.628................................................  95-11 Horizon; 97-21 Delta.                            
135.1..................................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-25 Conquest.                 
135.5..................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-25     
                                                          Conquest; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.         
135.25.................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air; 95-27 Valley  
                                                          Air; 96-15 Valley Air.                                
135.63.................................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service;
                                                          95-28 Atlantic; 96-4 South Aero.                      
135.87.................................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
135.95.................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                          
135.179................................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
135.185................................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                              
135.263................................................  95-9 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.                
135.267................................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-
                                                          4 South Aero.                                         
135.293................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-4 South Aero.         
135.343................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                          
135.411................................................  97-11 Hampton..                                        
135.413................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/
                                                          a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-16 Mauna Kea.          
135.421................................................  93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.   
135.437................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.                     
145.1..................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.3..................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.25.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.45.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.47.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.49.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.53.................................................  97-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
145.57.................................................  94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin.                           
145.61.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
191....................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
298.1..................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
302.8..................................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
49 CFR:                                                                                                         
    1.47...............................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
171 et seq.............................................  95-10 Diamond.                                         
    171.2..............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-26 Midtown.                                        
    171.8..............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    172.101............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.

[[Page 38352]]

                                                                                                                
    172.200............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown. 
    172.202............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.203............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    172.204............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.300............................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.          
    172.301............................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.                         
    172.304............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.              
    172.400............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.402............................................  94.28 Toyota.                                          
    172.406............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.1..............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    173.3..............................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    173.6..............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.22(a)..........................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    173.24.............................................  94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.                           
    173.25.............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.27.............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.115............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.240............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.243............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.260............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.266............................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    175.25.............................................  94-31 Smalling.                                        
    191.5..............................................  97-13 Westair Commuter.                                
    191.7..............................................  97-13 Westair Commuter.                                
    821.30.............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    821.33.............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Statutes                                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 U.S.C.:                                                                                                       
    504................................................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 &
                                                          93-9 Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI; 95-27 Valley    
                                                          Air; 96-22 Woodhouse.                                 
    552................................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10       
                                                          Costello.                                             
    554................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12       
                                                          Toyota.                                               
    556................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.                  
    557................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest       
                                                          Airlines; 94-28 Toyota.                               
    705................................................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                
    5332...............................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
11 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    362................................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
28 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    2412...............................................  93-10 Costello; 96-22 Woodhouse.                       
    2462...............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
49 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    5123...............................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 & 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.         
    40102..............................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    44701..............................................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-17 Fenner.                            
    44704..............................................  96-3 America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air.          
    46110..............................................  96-22 Woodhouse; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.               
    46301..............................................  97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 97-20 Werle.  
    46303..............................................  97-7 Stalling.                                         
49 U.S.C. App.:                                                                                                 
    1301(31) (operate).................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
        (32) (person)..................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
    1356...............................................  90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.              
    1357...............................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41        
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
    1421...............................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 
                                                          Wendt.                                                
    1429...............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    1471...............................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90- 
                                                          18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 
                                                          & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta       
                                                          Airlines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-       
                                                          Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety     
                                                          Equipment; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 94-40          
                                                          Polynesian Airways; 96-6 Ignatov; 97-7 Stalling.      
    1472...............................................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
    1475...............................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-
                                                          19 & 91-1 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18     
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.         

[[Page 38353]]

                                                                                                                
    1486...............................................  90-21 Carroll; 96-22 Woodhouse.                        
    1809...............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31     
                                                          Smalling; 95-12 Toyota.                               
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator Digests

(Current as of June 30, 1997)
    The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are 
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the 
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final 
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from April 1, 1997, to 
June 30, 1997. The FAA will publish noncumulative supplements to this 
compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g., April, July, October, and 
January of each year).
    These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be 
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as 
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other 
interested persons should always consult the full text of the 
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

In the Matter of Pacific Aviation International d/b/a Inter-Island 
Helicopters

Order No. 97-14 (5/2/97)
    Petition for Reconsideration Dismissed. Inter-Island's petition for 
reconsideration is dismissed because it was filed late under 14 CFR 
13.234(a) and good cause for the delay was not shown.

In the Matter of Ray Randall Houston and Johnson County Aerial 
Services, Inc.

Order No. 97-15 (5/8/97)
    Appeal Dismissed. Respondents' appeal is dismissed for failure to 
perfect under 14 CFR 13.233(d)(2).

In the Matter of Mauna Kea Helicopters

Order No. 97-16 (5/23/97)
    Appeal Denied. The Administrator finds that he does, contrary to 
Mauna Kea's argument, have jurisdiction over the appeal. The 
Administrator rejects Mauna Kea's argument that it was denied due 
process because it did not receive an initial decision from the law 
judge in one of the three consolidated cases. The Administrator finds 
that the record supports the law judge's assessment of the testimony of 
a Mauna Kea witness as weak, vacillating, vague and uncorroborated, and 
upholds the law judge's finding that Mauna Kea did not prove financial 
hardship. In certain exceptional cases it is possible that the 
testimony of a credible, independent witness could suffice to prove 
financial hardship, even without supporting documentary evidence; 
however the uncorroborated testimony in this case was too weak to prove 
financial hardship. The Administrator affirms the penalties assessed by 
the law judge in each case involving violations of 14 CFR 91.7(a), 
91.405(a) and 135.413(a): $10,000 in Docket No. CP94WP0005; $15,000 in 
Docket No. CP94WP0021; $30,000 in Docket No. CP94WP0022. The argument 
that the penalties are excessive in light of ``remedial action'' taken 
by Mauna Kea is rejected.

In the Matter of Ronald V. Stallings

Order No. 97-17 (5/23/97)
    Appeal Dismissed. The notice of appeal is dismissed because Mr. 
Stallings failed to file a brief (see FAA Order No. 97-7 (2/20/97.) The 
penalty is reduced from $2,000 to $500 to bring the penalty into line 
with current agency policy regarding similar violations of 14 CFR 
107.21(a)(1) and 49 U.S.C. 46303(a).

In the Matter of Pierre A. Robinson

FAA Order No. 97-18 (5/23/97)
    Case Remanded to Office of Hearings. Case remanded to the law judge 
to give Mr. Robinson an opportunity to demonstrate good cause for 
failure to file an answer to the complaint within the timeframe set 
forth in 14 CFR 13.209. This decision quotes In the Matter of Atlantic 
World Airways, FAA Order No. 95-28 (12/19/95), for the proposition that 
the ``Rules of Practice do not grant law judges the authority to extend 
the deadline for filing an answer without a showing of good cause.''

In the Matter of Donald M. Missirlian

FAA Order No. 97-19 (5/23/97)
    Dismissal of Request for Hearing Affirmed. The Administrator 
affirms the law judge's dismissal of the request for hearing due to Mr. 
Misserlian's failure to file an answer to the complaint. The 
Administrator finds that Mr. Misserlian failed to demonstrate good 
cause for failing to file the answer. This decision cites In the Matter 
of Barnhill, FAA Order No. 92-32 (5/5/92) for the proposition that pre-
complaint writings, including responses to notices of proposed civil 
penalty, do not satisfy the requirement for an answer. Also the 
Administrator notes that if Mr. Misserlian had wanted to rely upon pre-
complaint correspondence, he should have re-filed that correspondence 
as the answer within the timeframe of 14 CFR 13.209(a). The law judge's 
assessment of a $1,000 civil penalty for a violation of 14 CFR 107.20 
is affirmed.

In the Matter of Nicholas Werle

FAA Order No. 97-20 (5/23/97)
    Appeal Denied. The Administrator affirms the law judge's finding 
that Mr. Werle bypassed x-ray screening at an airport security 
checkpoint in violation of 14 CFR 107.20. The Administrator rejects the 
arguments regarding Complainant's alleged failure to send him a Notice 
of Proposed Civil Penalty, finding that the Notice had indeed been 
sent, and even if it had not, Mr. Werle had timely notice of the 
allegations. The Administrator cites In the Matter of Park, FAA Order 
No. 92-3 (1/9/92) for the proposition that a law judge's credibility 
findings will not be disturbed on review based upon minor 
inconsistencies in the evidence. The Administrator affirms the law 
judge's determination that the witnesses' identification of Mr. Werle 
was reliable, holding that under the totality of the circumstances, the 
absence of a line-up did not render this identification unreliable. 
Also, the Administrator affirmed the assessment of a $1,000 civil 
penalty for the violation of 14 CFR 107.20.

In the Matter of Delta Air Lines, Inc.

FAA Order No. 97-21 (5/28/97)
    Appeal Granted. The law judge held that Complainant failed to prove 
that an inoperative number 2 bus galley power switch indicator light in 
the cockpit of a Lockheed L-1011 aircraft rendered the aircraft 
unairworthy. The Administrator reverses the law judge's finding that 
Delta did not violate 14 CFR 121.153(a)(2) and assesses a $4,000 civil 
penalty.
    Airworthiness. The Administrator notes that air carriers may not 
take off with an inoperable instruments or equipment unless an approved

[[Page 38354]]

Minimum Equipment List (MEL) exists that so permits, citing 14 CFR 
121.628. It is the agency's position that without an applicable MEL 
provision, an inoperable instrument or piece of equipment renders the 
aircraft's airworthiness certificate ineffective.
    It is held that a light in the cockpit, indicating to the flight 
crew whether power is going to the galley is neither galley equipment 
nor a passenger convenience item. Hence, the MEL did not allow the 
aircraft to operate with that cockpit indicator light inoperative, and 
the aircraft did not conform to its type design. Also, the evidence 
indicated that the inoperative indicator light reduced the margin of 
safety that conformity with the type design is intended to provide. The 
Administrator finds that the aircraft was unairworthy under both prongs 
of the test for airworthiness. See e.g., In the Matter of Valley Air 
Services, FAA Order No. 96-15 (5/3/96); In the Matter of Watts 
Agricultural Aviation, Inc., FAA Order No. 91-8 (4/11/91).
    Administrator distinguishes this case from Administrator v. 
Calavaero, 5 NTSB 1099 (1986).

In the Matter of Sanford Air, Inc.

FAA Order No. 97-22 (5/28/97)
    Additional Written Argument Allowed. Sanford Air's request to file 
an additional brief is granted. It is possible that Sanford Air's claim 
that there are factual errors in Complainant's reply brief has merit. 
Additional brief should be limited to alleged factual errors.

In the Matter of Detroit-Metropolitan Wayne County Airport

FAA Order No. 97-23 (6/5/97)
    Appeal Denied. The Administrator reiterates that 14 CFR 107.13(a) 
does not impose absolute liability on airport operators, citing In the 
Matter of [Airport Operator], FAA Order No. 96-1 (1/4/96). The 
Administrator finds that the law judge was correct in finding a 
violation in this case because airport personnel failed to stop and 
challenge the unauthorized individual who had entered and crossed the 
restricted area. The airport operator had not properly implemented its 
airport security program. The Administrator affirms the $1,000 civil 
penalty.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty 
Decisions and Orders

    1. Commercial Publications: The Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty cases are available in the following commercial 
publications:
    Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing 
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (410) 798-1677;
    Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, a subsidiary 
of West Information Publishing Company, 50 Broad Street East, 
Rochester, NY 14694, 1-800-221-9428.
    2. CD-ROM. the Administrator's orders and decisions are available 
on CD-ROM through Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main 
Street, Gruver, TX 79040, (806) 733-2483.
    3. On-Line Services. The Administrator's decisions and orders in 
civil penalty cases are available through the following on-line 
services:
     Westlaw (the Database ID is FTRAN-FAA).
     LEXIS [Transportation (TRANS) Library, FAA file].
     Compuserve.
     FedWorld.

FAA Offices

    The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are 
available for public inspection and copying at the following location 
in FAA headquarters: FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation 
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Room 924A, Washington, DC 
20591; (202) 267-3641.
    These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center 
legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd., 
Oklahoma City, OK 73125; (405) 954-3296.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7), 
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AK 99513; 
(907) 271-5269.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7), 
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building, 
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (ACE-7), 
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Federal 
Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-3285.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), 2300 East Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708) 
294-7108.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park, 
Room 401, Burlington, MA 01803-5299; (617) 238-7050.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region 
(ANW-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW, 
Renton, WA 98055-4556; (206) 227-2007.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7), 
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA 
30337; (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7), 
Southwest Regional Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 
76137-4298; (817) 222-5087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7), 
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City 
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region 
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Regional Headquarters, 15000 Aviation 
Boulevard, Lawndale, Ca 90261; (310) 725-7100.

    Issued in Washington, DC on July 10, 1997.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 97-18757 Filed 7-16-97; 8:45 am]
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