[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 119 (Friday, June 20, 1997)]
[Notices]
[Pages 33708-33723]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-16168]


      

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Part II





Department of the Interior





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National Park Service



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The Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation Professional 
Qualification Standards; Notice

  Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 119 / Friday, June 20, 1997 / 
Notices  

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

National Park Service


The Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation 
Professional Qualification Standards

AGENCY: National Park Service, DOI.

ACTION: Proposed renaming of and revisions to ``the Secretary of the 
Interior's Professional Qualification Standards.''

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SUMMARY: The National Park Service (NPS) proposes to rename and revise 
``the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification 
Standards'' which are part of the larger ``Secretary of the Interior's 
Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation.'' 
The statutory authority for the Secretary's development of these can be 
found in sections 101(g), 101(h), 101(i), and 101(j)(2)(A) of the 
National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). 
These Standards and Guidelines (including the Professional 
Qualification Standards) were published in the Federal Register in 1983 
(48 FR 44716, September 29) as the Secretary's best guidance for 
historic preservation practice nationally. This remains their 
preeminent function.
    The Standards are renamed ``the Secretary of the Interior's 
Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards.'' This 
change reflects the fact that the Standards are designed to apply to 
each discipline as it is practiced in historic preservation; e.g., in 
the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, and 
treatment of historic properties.
    The proposed revisions update the standards for the five 
disciplines included in the 1983 publication and add standards for 
seven other disciplines mentioned in the National Historic Preservation 
Act as being important to historic preservation. The proposed revisions 
also provide (for the first time) published guidance on how to use and 
interpret the Standards.
    These revisions are necessary because the old professional 
qualification standards had become out-of-date, did not include many 
disciplines important in the practice of historic preservation, and 
provided no guidance on their use and interpretation. This absence of 
national guidance led to confusion and inconsistency in the application 
of the Standards by Federal, State, Tribal, and local government 
agencies and other organizations and individuals. The Standards are 
designed to be a tool to help recognize the minimum expertise generally 
necessary for performing professionally credible historic preservation 
work.
    The Standards are not designed to identify the best or ideal person 
for any position. The effective application of any of these national 
Standards will require the development of a detailed job description 
containing additional information to suit a particular situation and 
need. These Standards do not apply to ``entry-level'' applicants or to 
preeminent professionals in the field. Rather, they outline the minimum 
education and experience and products that together provide an 
assurance that the applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will be 
able to perform competently on the job and be respected within the 
larger historic preservation community.
    All responses to this notice will be summarized as part of the 
publication of the official issuance of the ``Secretary's Historic 
Preservation Professional Qualification Standards.'' All comments will 
also become a matter of public record.

DATES: Comments on this notice must be received by August 19, 1997 to 
be assured of consideration.

ADDRESSES: Send comments to: Mr. Joe Wallis, Chief, Branch of State, 
Tribal, and Local Programs, Heritage Preservation Services, National 
Center for Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnership Programs, 
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, 
NW., Washington, DC 20240. Comments may be hand-delivered or overnight 
mailed to 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 200, Washington, DC 
20002. Comments may be sent by fax to 202-343-6004 or by E-mail to 
John__R[email protected].

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. John Renaud, Branch of State, 
Tribal, and Local Programs, Heritage Preservation Services Division, 
National Center for Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnership 
Programs, National Park Service, 202-343-1055, FAX 202-343-6004, or 
John__R[email protected] (E-mail).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents--Applying the Historic Preservation Professional 
Qualification Standards:
Introduction
    Program Evolution/Current Changes
    Applicability
How to Use the Historic Preservation Qualification Standards
    Questions and Answers
Discipline and Historic Preservation Proficiencies
    Recommended Discipline Proficiencies
    Recommended Historic Preservation Proficiencies
Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards
    Archeology
    (A) Prehistoric Archeology
    (B) Historic Archeology
    Architectural History
    Conservation
    Cultural Anthropology
    Curation
    Engineering
    Folklore
    Historic Architecture
    Historic Landscape Architecture
    Historic Preservation Planning
    Historic Preservation
    History
Sources of Additional Information
    Professional Organizations

Introduction

Background

    The identification, evaluation, protection, and preservation of 
America's important historic and cultural properties depends upon the 
participation of all citizens; however, certain decisions must involve 
individuals who meet nationally accepted professional standards in 
order to assure credibility in the practice of historic preservation at 
the Federal, State, and local levels, as well as in the private sector.
    The Secretary of the Interior is responsible for establishing 
standards for all programs under Departmental authority. In accordance 
with this responsibility, ``the Secretary of the Interior's 
Professional Qualification Standards'' were developed by the National 
Park Service (NPS) 20 years ago to ensure that a consistent level of 
expertise would be applied nationally to the identification, 
evaluation, documentation, registration, treatment, and interpretation 
of historic and archeological resources.
    The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Pub. L. 89-665) 
gave the Secretary authority to set criteria for State grants, surveys, 
and plans. The National Park Service administratively required State 
Historic Preservation Officers (SHPOs) to maintain professionally 
qualified staff (in 1976), and to appoint qualified individuals as 
advisors to serve on State Review Boards (in 1977). The professional 
qualification standards have not changed since then. The 1980 
Amendments to the National Historic Preservation Act (Pub. L. 96-515) 
statutorily affirmed the previous regulatory requirement for 
professionally qualified staff. Congress also reiterated the 
regulation's requirement that State Review Boards include a majority of 
members qualified in one of the professional disciplines which met 
minimum Professional

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Qualification Standards defined in regulation in 36 CFR part 61 
(Architecture, Architectural History, Prehistoric Archeology or 
Historic Archeology, and History). In addition, the 1980 amendments 
created the Certified Local Government (CLG) program to recognize the 
role of local governments in the national partnership, and stipulated 
that the CLG Review Commission membership needed to be adequate and 
qualified. The Congressional Committee Report for the 1980 amendments 
(H.R. Rept. 96-1457) called for ``professional bodies which can 
objectively evaluate the historic significance of properties and 
provide professional advice on historic preservation matters.'' 
Finally, States, local governments, Federal agencies, and the private 
sector often require that proposals from historic preservation 
contractors or work submitted by them meet these same professional 
practice Standards.
    How To use the Historic preservation professional qualification 
standards provides background and general information in a question and 
answer format about the three basic components of each Standard: 
academic or comparable training; professional experience; and products 
and activities that demonstrate proficiency in the field of historic 
preservation.
    Discipline and historic preservation proficiencies consists of a 
series of general proficiencies (knowledge, skills, and abilities) that 
are needed by historic preservation program applicants, employees, 
consultants, and advisors. The first set of proficiencies is related to 
disciplines; the second, to historic preservation.
    Following the standard for each discipline is guidance about 
meeting the standard for that specific discipline, including a list of 
some of the most common ``closely related fields'' within academic 
degree programs; information on documenting professional experience; 
and a list of typical products and activities that may be used to 
document acquired proficiencies in the field of historic preservation.
    Finally, a list of Professional Organizations is included to assist 
users in obtaining additional information about the disciplines, 
college and university departments, and publications on the practice of 
each discipline.

Program Evolution/Current Changes

    In its 1992 amendments to the Act (Pub. L. 102-575), Congress 
recognized the evolution and growth of the professional practice of 
historic preservation, and an expanded role for Indian tribes in 
implementing the National Historic Preservation Act. Accordingly, the 
number of disciplines acknowledged as key to the responsible practice 
of historic preservation has been increased by the Act and therefore by 
the National Park Service from the five identified almost 20 years 
earlier to 12, now including Archeology (Prehistoric and Historic), 
Architectural History, Conservation, Cultural Anthropology, Curation, 
Engineering, Folklore, Historic Architecture, Historic Landscape 
Architecture, Historic Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning, 
and History.
    As a result, NPS consulted at length with Federal agencies, SHPOs, 
CLGs, and professional societies involved in historic preservation 
about issuing updated and expanded Professional Qualification Standards 
that recognize the evolution and development of the disciplines in the 
field.
    ``The Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation 
Professional Qualification Standards'' are designed to be national 
measures for determining minimum requirements for professionals 
practicing in the field of historic preservation. The format for the 
Standards provides a consistent, yet flexible, framework for 
establishing sound professionalism in the twelve disciplines. There is 
one Standard for each of the disciplines.
    Each Standard defines:
     Academic degrees or comparable training
     Professional experience; and
     Products and activities that demonstrate proficiency in 
historic preservation.
    These Standards do not apply to ``entry-level'' applicants or to 
preeminent professionals in the field. Rather, they outline the minimum 
education and experience and products that together provide an 
assurance that the applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will be 
able to perform competently on the job and be respected within the 
larger historic preservation community. The effective application of 
any of these national Standards will require the development of a 
detailed job description containing additional information to suit a 
particular situation and need.

    Note: In each discipline, the most common method of meeting that 
Professional Qualifications Standard is discussed first. Less common 
alternatives follow. Typically, a graduate degree or professional 
license is listed first.

Applicability

    It should be emphasized that the ``Historic Preservation 
Professional Qualification Standards'' that follow are, in most 
instances, advisory in nature and may thus be used by anyone hiring 
personnel or consultants or appointing advisory boards or commissions. 
Because use of the Standards can help ensure appropriate, informed 
decisions about protecting and preserving our nation's historic and 
archeological resources, NPS strongly encourages their adoption and 
implementation.
    However, under well-defined circumstances discussed below, ``the 
Secretary's Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards'' are requirements by statute and regulation. In those 
instances, a note is added at the end of the required Standard.
    First, the National Historic Preservation Act, Section 101, 
requires that a professionally qualified staff be appointed or employed 
by State Historic Preservation Offices. Indian tribes that have 
executed a Memorandum of Agreement with NPS and assumed 
responsibilities pursuant to Section 101(d) of the Act also must employ 
or consult with professionally qualified individuals in carrying out 
those responsibilities. The performance and supervision of Historic 
Preservation Fund grant-assisted work must be performed and/or 
supervised by professionally qualified staff and/or contractors. In 
accordance with 36 CFR part 61 and NPS policy, three of twelve 
disciplines are required for State program staff and for staff of 
Tribes with Section 101(d) status: History, Archeology, and 
Architectural History. States and Tribes with 101(d) status may propose 
an alternative minimum staff composition for NPS concurrence if their 
historic resources, needs, or circumstances would be better served or 
met. States and Tribes with 101(d) status are expected to obtain the 
services of other qualified professionals as needed for different types 
of resources.
    Second, section 101(b)(1)(B) and section 301(12) of the Act 
requires that a majority of State Review Board members be 
professionally qualified. As specified in 36 CFR part 61, this majority 
must include, but need not be limited, to the required disciplines of 
History, Archeology, and Architectural History. One person may meet the 
Standards for more than one required discipline.
    Third, section 101(c)(1)(B) and section 301(13) of the Act requires 
that State programs encourage CLG Review Commissions to include 
individuals who are professionally qualified, to the extent that such 
individuals are

[[Page 33710]]

available in the community. The State may specify the minimum number of 
Commission members that must meet the Standards and decide which, if 
any, of the disciplines listed in the Standards need to be represented 
on the Commission.
    An accompanying guidance section, Applying the Historic 
Preservation Professional Qualification Standards, has been prepared to 
assist the consistent application of the ``Historic Preservation 
Professional Qualification Standards'' when selecting an employee, 
consultant, or advisor. As such, the guidance provides additional 
information and recommendations, but never constitutes a requirement.

How To Use the Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    There are three basic components of each Historic Preservation 
Professional Qualification Standard: academic degrees or comparable 
training; professional experience; and products and activities that 
demonstrate proficiency in the field of historic preservation. A number 
of commonly asked questions about the design and content of the 
Standards, as well as their application and implementation, are 
answered below in order to assist anyone applying for a position or 
anyone charged with obtaining the services of a professional in the 
field of historic preservation.
    1. Under what authority are these Standards developed? ``The 
Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation Professional 
Qualification Standards and Guidance'' are part of the larger 
``Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology 
and Historic Preservation.'' The statutory authority for the 
Secretary's development of these can be found in sections 101(g), 
101(h), 101(i), and 101(j)(2)(A) of the National Historic Preservation 
Act, as amended. These Standards and Guidance (including the 
Professional Qualification Standards) were published in the Federal 
Register in 1983 as the Secretary's best guidance for historic 
preservation practice nationally. This remains their preeminent 
function.
    2. What about the requirements in Section 112 of the National 
Historic Preservation Act? Section 112 is not the statutory authority 
for the ``Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation 
Professional Qualification Standards and Guidance'' (see the preceding 
paragraph). Section 112 splits Federal agency requirements for meeting 
``professional standards'' into two parts. Section 112(a)(1)(A) 
mandates that Federal ``actions'' meet professional standards; it is 
not directed at establishing professional qualification requirements. 
It is section 112(a)(1)(B) that requires the Federal Office of 
Personnel Management (OPM) to devise professional qualification 
requirements for Federal employees and contractors in seven 
disciplines. OPM is required by statute to consult with the National 
Park Service (NPS) and others in creating these requirements. When 
completed, NPS will offer the Professional Qualification Standards and 
Guidance as its best advice to OPM for their use.
    3. Are the Standards regulatory or are they advisory? The Standards 
are not in and of themselves regulatory. A separate regulation or other 
official action which references or otherwise adopts part or all of 
them is necessary to give any force to any language in the Standards. 
In a number of instances, this has occurred. For example, the Standards 
for Rehabilitation are regulatory in the Federal Preservation Tax 
Incentives program through 36 CFR part 67. Likewise, the Professional 
Qualification Standards are regulatory for States, local historic 
preservation programs, and participating tribes through 36 CFR part 61. 
The guidance (``Academic Background'' and ``Documenting Professional 
Experience'') accompanying the Professional Qualification Standards is 
intended to assist users in the application of the Standards; the 
guidance is not regulatory.
    4. How were these Standards developed? Who was consulted? 
Consultation has been extensive over the four years of this project. 
The wide range of constituents that use the Standards dictates a broad 
consultation process, which, not surprisingly, results in widely 
varying opinions and recommendations. To date, NPS has consulted with: 
(1) Federal, tribal, State, and local government historic preservation 
programs as well as related organizations; (2) professional societies 
and organizations of professional societies; (3) academic programs in 
historic preservation and organizations of such programs; (4) 
individuals and companies in the private practice of historic 
preservation as well as related organizations; and, (5) individuals 
working in the public sector as well as organizations of such people.
    5. Why did the National Park Service choose the disciplines it did? 
These disciplines were selected because each is specifically mentioned 
in the National Historic Preservation Act. [See sections 112(a)(1)(A), 
112(a)(1)(B), 201(a)(9), 301(12)(B), 301(13), and 401(c)(3).]
    6. How are these Standards to be used? The Standards are designed 
to be a tool to help recognize the minimum expertise generally 
necessary for performing professionally credible historic preservation 
work. The Standards are not designed to identify the best or ideal 
person for any position or the preeminent practitioners in any 
discipline, nor are they developed to qualify apprentice or entry level 
workers. The Standards are designed to describe the typical expertise 
held by credible mid-level journeymen working in historic preservation.
    7. Do the Standards apply to ``entry level'' or ``technician'' 
level positions? Although the work of ``entry-level'' or ``technician-
level'' personnel is critical to the success of historic preservation 
projects, these professional levels are not addressed in the 
Secretary's Standards. The Standards apply only to the ``journeyman'' 
professional and define the minimum level of expertise necessary to 
provide reliable technical opinions relating to historic properties 
(without in-depth oversight or review by another professional in the 
discipline).
    8. Do Federal agencies have to meet these Professional 
Qualification Standards? For Federal employees and Federal contractors, 
the Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards are 
regulatory only if they are specifically adopted by: (1) The Federal 
Office of Personnel Management (OPM) pursuant to its responsibility 
under Section 112(a)(1)(B) of the Act; (2) a Federal agency in its own 
agency-wide regulations, requirements, or policy; or (3) a Federal 
agency as part of a program or project agreement with another party.
    9. How are general Standards applied in specific situations? 
General standards are intended to define minimum professional 
qualifications for identifying, evaluating, registering, treating, and 
interpreting historic properties nationwide; however, the best historic 
preservation professional for a particular office, program, project, or 
property depends upon the situation. Different skills and expertise are 
needed for different geographical areas and resource types. In most 
cases where the Standards are applied in hiring or contracting, job 
descriptions and qualifications will have to be tailored to specific 
situations and locations so that experience and training are relevant 
to the needs of the resources and the work to be done. Where there is a 
need for specialized expertise in a project, application of the 
Standards will necessarily focus upon specialized training and 
demonstrated experience and products. For example, a person may be 
highly skilled in restoring a

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particular kind of resource (such as covered bridges), but that person 
would not be an appropriate choice to work on other types of resources.
    10. Do all staff, consultants, and appointed advisors need to meet 
the Standards? SHPOs, CLGs, and tribes hire staff, select consultants, 
and appoint advisors to perform historic preservation work. However, it 
is NPS policy that historic preservation activity supported by the 
Historic Preservation Fund must be conducted, supervised, overseen, 
evaluated, or signed off by someone who meets the appropriate 
Professional Qualification Standard. Therefore, NPS requires the use of 
some of these Standards in certain circumstances by State Historic 
Preservation Offices, State Review Boards, and Certified Local 
Government Commissions (see 36 CFR part 61). Consequently, in some 
offices there could be no staff meeting the Professional Qualification 
Standards as long as there is access somewhere along the line to the 
appropriate expertise. For offices (e.g., States) required to have 
professionally qualified staff and Review Board membership, the 
requirement is usually to have at least one qualified individual in the 
three specified core disciplines. States and Tribes with 101(d) status 
are expected to obtain the services of professionals qualified in other 
disciplines as needed. It is possible that an individual may meet the 
Professional Qualification Standards for more than one discipline. 
Other staff members working in the discipline do not have to meet the 
Standards.
    11. What about professionals who were hired under the old 
Standards? For programs administered by the National Park Service, each 
State staff, State Review Board member and Certified Local Government 
Commission member approved by the Secretary as meeting the Professional 
Qualification Standards will retain that status, regardless of any 
subsequent changes in the Standards, until such time as that individual 
no longer is employed by the State office, serves on the State Review 
Board, or serves on the Certified Local Government Commission with 
which that individual was affiliated as of the date of that 
individual's approval. Contractors qualified in a specified discipline 
under the old requirements will be deemed qualified in that discipline 
by NPS under the new rules as long as the contract, cooperative 
agreement, or other third-party agreement remains in effect. New 
contractual agreements would apply the new standards. Other 
organizations using the Professional Qualification Standards are 
encouraged to adopt a similar approach.
    12. Why aren't the Standards for each discipline exactly the same? 
Because each discipline is different and makes its own distinct 
contribution to historic preservation, the Professional Qualification 
Standards differ somewhat according to discipline. Each set of 
Standards includes educational and experience equivalencies to assure 
fairness in hiring practices; thus, a graduate or undergraduate degree, 
or other certification, registration, or professional license or 
training is given full consideration, when combined with differing 
periods of full-time professional experience. Documenting a record of 
high quality products and activities during past employment is required 
in every Standard; however, the type of products and activities will 
necessarily differ within each discipline.
    13. Why does one have to demonstrate proficiency in a specific 
discipline as well as in historic preservation? When decision makers 
lack the expertise required to make informed decisions, historic and 
cultural resources can be overlooked, mis-identified, mis-evaluated, 
damaged, or lost. Partial expertise can be just as harmful, whether a 
person is well-grounded in historic preservation, but lacks 
professional discipline skills, or, alternatively, is an expert in a 
professional discipline, but fails to understand its important 
connection to historic preservation. Involvement of people with 
expertise in both a professional discipline and historic preservation 
will greatly improve the reliability of decisions affecting our 
nation's heritage.
    14. What constitutes full-time professional experience? Full-time 
professional experience generally refers to experience received after 
the degree was awarded or education was completed. Full-time 
professional experience can be acquired in blocks of time that, 
together, add up to the number of years called for in the Standard. In 
some disciplines, a portion of this experience must have been earned 
under the direct supervision of a recognized professional. It is 
possible that some education and experience received outside the United 
States is relevant to the identification, evaluation, documentation, 
registration, treatment, and interpretation of United States historic 
and cultural properties.
    15. Does the required experience have to occur subsequent to 
obtaining the requisite educational or licensing credentials? Although 
it is preferable to have the practical experience after obtaining the 
academic training in a particular discipline, there is no such national 
requirement. The hiring, choosing, selecting, or contracting office 
must determine for itself how much experience, of what sort, and in 
what sequence, is appropriate for the job or position.
    16. How many and what types of products and activities are 
routinely used to document the quality of professional experience? The 
applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor may cite products such as 
peer-reviewed articles and publications, audio-visual materials, 
awards, and National Register documentation. Activities could include 
teaching the theory or practices of a specific discipline; 
administrative, project review, or supervisory experience in a historic 
preservation program or office; and field or laboratory work. In any 
event, products and activities should demonstrate the appropriate use 
of the applicable ``Secretary of the Interior's Standards for 
Archeology and Historic Preservation.'' Examples are provided in the 
Documenting Professional Experience section of the guidance for 
Applying the Standard for each discipline.
    17. In determining academic qualifications, what is a ``closely 
related field of study?'' To provide flexibility in determining 
academic credentials, the Standards recognize that a graduate or 
undergraduate degree may have been attained in either the identified 
discipline or in a related discipline. Thus a candidate for the 
position of Architectural Historian may have an undergraduate degree in 
a closely related field of study, such as Art History or Historic 
Preservation.
    Merely having a degree in a closely related field does not 
automatically meet the Standard. The course work taken to earn a degree 
in a related field should be weighed against the course requirements in 
the Standard's ``main'' discipline. For example, a degree in Art 
History does not necessarily, on its own, meet the Standard for 
Architectural History, unless course work relevant to the Standard can 
be documented, such as American architectural history. (See the 
Academic Background guidance given after each Standard, which discusses 
the typical closely related fields of study for each historic 
preservation discipline.)
    18. How much and what kind of course work in a ``closely related 
field'' is required to meet the Professional Qualifications Standards? 
There is no set amount of credit hours. The office hiring or selecting 
must make a determination that the person with course work in a closely 
related field has enough relevant education to be

[[Page 33712]]

equivalent to that necessary for the standard degree in that 
discipline, and to enable that person to make judgments about the 
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment 
of historic or archeological properties in the United States and its 
Territories.
    19. When is ``exceptional experience'' a factor? In general, an 
applicant, employee, consultant, contractor, or advisor who does not 
possess a combination of education or training, experience, and 
products would not meet the Standards. However, in some cases, a 
person's experience and contributions have been so exceptional that he 
or she demonstrates the level of expertise that meets the Standards. In 
particular, this may apply in those situations where persons embarked 
upon their careers before recognized academic programs were 
established, and their education or training was thus attained in 
alternative ways. In such instances, exceptional experience would be 
substituted for an academic degree or other training. It is up to the 
organization with administrative oversight responsibility for the 
program or project to determine whether the individual meets the 
Standards. For example, in a program under the purview of 36 CFR part 
61, the State Historic Preservation Office would request an exception 
from the National Park Service for the person under consideration for a 
``professional'' position on the State staff or Review Board. 
Otherwise, the organization doing the hiring or selecting of personnel 
would determine whether the individual meets the Standards.

Discipline and Historic Preservation Proficiencies

    The Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards call 
for an understanding of the general principles, procedures, and 
practices in the discipline as they are applied to historic 
preservation. This type of expertise is necessary for historic 
preservation programs in which the employee, consultant, or advisor is 
expected to deal with a range of historic resources and issues. 
Proficiencies in the disciplines and in the practice of historic 
preservation are outlined below.

Recommended Discipline Proficiencies

    The following discipline proficiencies (knowledge, skills, and 
abilities) should be possessed by applicants, employees, consultants, 
and advisors:
     Knowledge of the history of the discipline.
     Knowledge of current theories, principles, practices, 
methods, and techniques of the discipline.
     Familiarity with diverse specializations within the 
discipline.
     Skills in applying the discipline's techniques of 
practice, including critical analysis skills.
     Understanding of the discipline's relationships with other 
disciplines and the ability to design and carry out interdisciplinary 
projects.
     Understanding of complex research questions.
     Ability to place a specific project in a broader context.
     Knowledge of current scholarly research and its 
applicability to a given issue.
     Familiarity with the process of rigorous professional peer 
review that occurs before work is published.

Recommended Historic Preservation Proficiencies

    The following historic preservation proficiencies (knowledge, 
skills, and abilities) should be possessed by applicants, employees, 
consultants, and advisors:
     Familiarity with the origins and development of the 
historic preservation movement.
     Knowledge of the field of historic preservation as it is 
practiced in the United States, including its philosophies, theories, 
practices, laws, regulations, policies, and standards, and relationship 
to the discipline as a whole.
     Ability to apply Federal and relevant State and local 
historic preservation laws, regulations, policies, and standards in the 
public and private sectors, including Federal, State, and local 
government agencies, and private organizations.
     Ability to apply the appropriate set(s) of the ``Secretary 
of the Interior's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation,'' 
and/or the National Register of Historic Places criteria.
    In consideration of the foregoing, the ``Secretary of the 
Interior's Professional Qualification Standards'' are proposed to read 
as follows:

Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards

Archeology
(A) Prehistoric Archeology
(B) Historic Archeology
Architectural History
Conservation
Cultural Anthropology
Curation
Engineering
Folklore
Historic Architecture
Historic Landscape Architecture
Historic Preservation Planning
Historic Preservation
History

Archeology; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Archeology is the study of past human lifeways through the 
systematic observation, analysis, and protection of the material 
remains of human activities.

Standard for Archeologist

(A) Prehistoric
    The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Prehistoric 
Archeology, or a graduate degree in Archeology with a specialization in 
Prehistoric Archeology, or a graduate degree in a closely related field 
(see Academic Background for Archeology), PLUS a minimum of two and 
one-half (2\1/2\) years of full-time professional experience in 
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Archeology that 
enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, 
evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of prehistoric 
archeological properties in the United States and its Territories (at 
least six months of experience must have been acquired in the 
performance of field and analytical activities under the supervision of 
a professional prehistoric archeologist, and one year of experience in 
the study of the archeological resources of the prehistoric period must 
have been at a supervisory level); and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Archeologists).
(B) Historical
    The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Historical 
Archeology, or a graduate degree in Archeology with a specialization in 
Historical Archeology, or a graduate degree in a closely related field 
(see Academic Background for Archeology), plus a minimum of two and 
one-half (2\1/2\) years of full-time professional experience applying 
the theories, methods, and practices of Archeology that enables 
professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, 
documentation, registration, or treatment of historic archeological 
properties in the United States and its Territories (at least six 
months of experience must have been acquired in

[[Page 33713]]

the performance of field and analytical activities under the 
supervision of a professional Historical Archeologist, and one year of 
experience in the study of the archeological resources of the historic 
period must have been at a supervisory level); and products and 
activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired 
proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for 
Archeologists).

(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61, a person meeting this Standard 
(either Prehistoric or Historic Archeology) is required as part of 
the core staff for each State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) 
and as part of each State Review Board. Expertise described by this 
standard is also needed for Tribal Preservation Office staff or 
consultants of tribes that have executed a Memorandum of Agreement 
to implement Section 101(d) of the National Historic Preservation 
Act. It also may be needed for consultants hired with HPF grant 
funds and for members of Certified Local Government Commissions.)

Archeology--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: Anthropology, with a specialization in 
Archeology, is the typical degree discipline for archeologists 
practicing in the United States. One of the usual requirements for 
receiving the degree is completion of an archeological field school in 
which the student learns about techniques of survey, excavation, and 
laboratory processing. However, degree programs have also been 
established in Archeology, Cultural Resources Management, Historical 
Archeology, and Public Archeology. Some Historical Archeology programs 
are housed in History, Public History, or American Studies Departments. 
For these degrees, a list of courses taken should be reviewed to 
determine if the program is equivalent to that typically provided for a 
degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Archeology, including 
course work in archeological methods and theory, archeology of a 
geographic region (e.g., North America), and the field school.
    Discipline specializations: The most prevalent specializations in 
Archeology include Historical Archeology or Prehistoric Archeology, 
i.e., the specialization in resources of either the prehistoric period 
or the historic period. These specializations necessarily require 
expertise in different types of sites and different sources of 
information about past human activities. For example, a prehistoric 
archeologist usually requires a knowledge of environmental sciences, 
while a historical archeologist needs to understand the techniques of 
archival research. Additional specialized training and experience is 
also required for those specializing in, for example, underwater 
archeology, physical anthropology (human bones and burials), forensic 
archeology, or zooarcheology (non-human bones). In addition, 
archeologists typically specialize in the archeological resources of a 
particular time period, geographic region, resource type, or research 
subject.

Applying the Standard for Archeologist--Documenting Professional 
Experience

    A professional archeologist typically has experience in field 
survey, site testing, site excavation, artifact identification and 
analysis, documents research, and report preparation. Supervised field 
experience as a graduate student may be counted as part of the overall 
2\1/2\ year professional experience requirement.
    A Prehistoric Archeologist meeting this Standard would document one 
year of supervisory experience in the study of prehistoric 
archeological sites; a Historical Archeologist would document one year 
of supervisory experience in the study of sites of the historic period.
    The two archeologist specializations of Prehistoric Archeology and 
Historic Archeology are not interchangeable. Documentation to show that 
someone qualifies in both Prehistoric and Historic Archeology should 
include a minimum of one additional year of supervisory experience on 
resources of the other specialty, for a total of 3\1/2\ years of 
experience, with products and activities in both specializations.
Products and Activities.
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     Survey and excavation reports of cultural resource 
management or Section 106 (or other compliance) projects. These reports 
are typically called ``grey literature;'' they often have multiple 
authors and are usually produced in limited quantities by consulting 
firms.
     National Register documentation resulting in property 
listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
     Materials such as presentations, booklets, brochures, 
lesson plans, or videos that interpret the results of archeological 
investigation for the general public.
     Publications including articles in professional journals, 
monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to the 
preservation of historic or archeological properties.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences related to the preservation of historic or 
archeological properties.
     Professional service on boards or committees of regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
the preservation of historic or archeological properties.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it is not expected 
that all of these products and activities will need to be documented in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several of these 
products and activities would be more typical. However, if the 
applicant were documenting professional experience in one of the 
specializations, the majority of products and activities should reflect 
that specialization.

Architectural History; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Architectural History is the study of the development of building 
practices through written records and design and the examination of 
structures, sites, and objects in order to determine their relationship 
to preceding, contemporary, and subsequent architecture and events.

Standard for Architectural Historian

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Architectural History or a closely related field of 
study (see Academic Background for Architectural History), plus a 
minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying 
the theories, methods, and practices of Architectural History that 
enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, 
evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic 
properties in the United States and its Territories; and products and 
activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired 
proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Architectural 
Historians); or * * *
    (b) An undergraduate degree in Architectural History or a closely

[[Page 33714]]

related field of study (see Academic Background for Architectural 
History), plus a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional 
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of 
Architectural History that enables professional judgments to be made 
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or 
treatment of historic properties in the United States and its 
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historians).

(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61, a person meeting this Standard is 
required as part of the core staff for each State Historic 
Preservation Office (SHPO) and as part of each State Review Board. 
Expertise described by this standard is also needed for Tribal 
Preservation Office staff or consultants of tribes that have 
executed a Memorandum of Agreement to implement Section 101(d) of 
the National Historic Preservation Act. It also may be needed for 
consultants hired with HPF grant funds and for members of Certified 
Local Government Commissions.)

Architectural History--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: Professional Architectural Historians 
typically receive their formal training through Architectural History, 
Art History, or Historic Preservation programs, which include course 
work in American Architectural History. Other fields of study may offer 
relevant training, provided that course work in American Architectural 
History is taken. These other fields may include American Studies, 
American Civilization, Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban and 
Regional Planning, American History, Historic Preservation, and Public 
History.
    Discipline specializations: Architectural Historians tend to be 
generalists, although specializations within Architectural History are 
typically based on time periods (such as 18th century), on a particular 
architectural style (such as Georgian or vernacular), or a combination 
of these (such as plantation architecture in the antebellum South).

Applying the Standard for Architectural Historian--Documenting 
Professional Experience

Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' A professional Architectural Historian typically has 
expertise in research, survey, documentation, and evaluation, of 
architectural resources, including buildings, structures, objects, and 
districts. Documentation of such experience is desirable. Products and 
activities that meet the appropriate Secretary's Standards for 
Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
     Survey reports assessing the significance of historic 
properties.
     Historic structure reports.
     National Register documentation resulting in property 
listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
     Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording 
historic properties.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books, related to the preservation of historic 
structures.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences related to the preservation of historic 
structures.
     Professional service on boards or committees of regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
the preservation of historic structures.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting 
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the 
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that 
specialization.

Conservation; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Conservation is the practice of prolonging the physical and 
aesthetic life of prehistoric and historic material culture through 
documentation, preventive care, treatment, and research.

Standard for Conservator

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Conservation or a graduate degree in a closely 
related field of study with a certificate in Conservation (see Academic 
Background for Conservation), plus a minimum of three (3) years of 
full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and 
practices of Conservation that enables professional judgments to be 
made about the identification, evaluation, documentation or treatment 
of objects associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the 
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Conservators); or * * *
    (b) An undergraduate degree in Art History, or Natural or Physical 
Science, or another closely related field to Conservation (see Academic 
Background for Conservation), with an additional (3) years of full-time 
enrollment in an apprenticeship program equivalent to graduate studies 
in Conservation and supervised by a professional Conservator; plus a 
minimum of three (3) years full-time professional experience applying 
the theories, methods, and practices of Conservation that enables 
professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, 
documentation, or treatment of objects associated with historic and 
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and 
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of 
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for 
Conservators).

Conservation--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: Since Conservators tend to specialize in a 
particular class of objects, closely related fields will be diverse, 
and could include Art, Art Conservation, Art History, Architecture, 
Historic Preservation, Museum Studies, Chemistry, Physics, Engineering 
(or a related scientific field), Archeology, Anthropology, or other 
fields related to the conservation specialization. If a closely related 
field is being claimed, the degree in the closely related field should 
be accompanied by a certificate in Conservation, or the completion of 
course work equivalent to that typically offered in graduate 
Conservation programs. This course work should include examination, 
documentation, and treatment of objects; history and technology of 
objects; and conservation science. In addition, such a program should 
include the completion of a two-semester internship.
    Discipline specializations: Professional conservators specialize in 
the treatment and maintenance of a

[[Page 33715]]

specific class of objects or materials, such as archeological 
artifacts, architectural elements or fragments, or collections, books, 
ceramics, glass, decorative arts, ethnographic objects, furniture, 
metals, paintings, paper, photographs, sculpture, and textiles. Some 
conservators have studied more than one specialty, and have accumulated 
experience which allows them to practice in several of these 
specialties (although they are often closely related, such as books, 
drawings, prints or paper; decorative arts and furniture; sculpture and 
archeological artifacts). In these cases, the time period that 
distinguishes the materials is often the specialty. Each of these 
specialties requires focused training and experience, since each 
represents unique problems which are not always necessarily shared with 
other materials or time periods. Hence, a professional conservator 
should be able to perform according to professional standards of 
practice within the claimed area of specialty and should be both 
capable and willing to recognize his or her limitations. The 
professional conservator, moreover, should be generally knowledgeable 
about the issues of other specialties and the benefit of effective 
communication among the specialties. A broad understanding of the 
general principles of the conservation discipline is paramount as well, 
particularly in the area of technological and philosophical concerns 
that govern the ethics of the profession.
    A note on Conservation education: Many professional Conservators 
received their training by serving apprenticeships with professional 
Conservators. For some time, however, graduate conservation programs 
have been established in academic institutions; these require an 
internship in recognition of the critical importance of hands-on 
training and experience in preparing students for professional 
practice.

Applying the Standard for Conservator--Documenting Professional 
Experience

    A professional Conservator typically possesses specialized 
technical skills and has experience in the examination, analysis, 
documentation, treatment, and preventive care of a specific class, or 
classes, of objects.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     A portfolio of current and past conservation work, 
including written and photographic documentation.
     Reports of examination, condition, or treatment of 
objects.
     Publications, which might include articles in professional 
journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to 
the care and treatment of objects.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, workshops or other educational venues related 
to the care and treatment of objects.
     Professional service on boards or committees of regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
the conservation of objects.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Futhermore, it should be understood 
that not all of these products and activities are needed in order to 
meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products and 
activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting 
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the 
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that 
specialization.

Cultural Anthropology; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Cultural anthropology is the description and analysis of cultural 
systems, which include systems of behaviors (economic, religious, 
social), values, ideologies, and social arrangements.

Standard for Cultural Anthropologist

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Applied 
Cultural Anthropology, or a closely related field (see Academic 
Background for Cultural Anthropology), plus a minimum of two (2) years 
of full-time professional experience (including at least six months of 
field work supervised by a professional Cultural Anthropologist) 
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Cultural Anthropology 
that enables professional judgments to be made about the 
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment 
of historic, prehistoric, or traditional cultural properties in the 
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Cultural Anthropologists); or * * *
    (b) An undergraduate degree in Anthropology or a closely related 
field (see Academic Background for Cultural Anthropology), with a 
specialization in Applied Cultural Anthropology, plus a minimum of four 
(4) years of full-time professional experience (including at least 
twelve months of field work supervised by a professional Cultural 
Anthropologist) applying the theories, methods, and practices of 
Cultural Anthropology that enables professional judgments to be made 
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or 
treatment of historic, prehistoric, or traditional cultural properties 
in the United States and its Territories; and products and activities 
that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies 
in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (See 
Documenting Professional Experience for Cultural Anthropologists).

Cultural Anthropology--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: A degree in Anthropology with a 
specialization in Applied Cultural Anthropology is the typical degree 
discipline for Cultural Anthropologists practicing in the United 
States. Closely related fields of study may include Sociology, Cultural 
Geography, Folklife, History, and American Studies.
    Discipline specializations: Specializations in this discipline 
include Applied Cultural Anthropology, and Social Anthropology (which 
may be considered the most closely related to Cultural Anthropology; 
some academic programs even combine them, referring to Sociocultural 
Anthropology). Departments of Anthropology typically provide training 
in Archeology, Physical Anthropology, Ethnography, and Sociocultural 
Anthropology, and they may offer Applied Anthropology concentrations in 
one or more of these fields. Professional Cultural Anthropologists tend 
to specialize geographically (such as in the Southwest United States, 
Micronesia or New England) or topically (such as Medical Anthropology 
or Urban Anthropology), or in working with particular cultural or 
linguistic groups (such as fishermen, Irish immigrants, or Northwest 
Coast Indians).

[[Page 33716]]

Applying the Standard for Cultural Anthropologist--Documenting 
Professional Experience

    A professional Cultural Anthropologist typically has experience in 
the use of ethnohistoric and ethnographic techniques, including 
participant observation field work among one or more contemporary 
ethnic groups. The typical Cultural Anthropologist would also have 
performed field survey to identify and assess ethnographic resources, 
which can include, in addition to historic and cultural places of 
value, environmental features and places that have symbolic and other 
cultural value for Native American and/or other ethnic communities. A 
Cultural Anthropologist engaged in substantial ethnographic field work 
should demonstrate professional experience in the relevant geographic 
area and/or among the New World peoples, immigrant, ethnic, or minority 
communities with whom they will work.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     Ethnographic field studies and survey reports, oral 
histories, or social impact assessments.
     National Register documentation of ethnographic resources 
or traditional cultural properties resulting in property listings or 
Determinations of Eligibility.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books, related to the documentation and preservation 
of historic and archeological resources, and/or traditional cultural 
properties.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops or exhibits related to 
the documentation and preservation of historic and archeological 
resources, and/or traditional cultural properties.
     Professional service on boards or committees or regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
the documentation and preservation of historic and archeological 
resources.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Futhermore, it should be understood 
that not all of these products and activities are needed in order to 
meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products and 
activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting 
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the 
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that 
specialization.

Curation; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Curation is the practice of documenting, managing, preserving, and 
interpreting museum collections according to professional museum and 
archival practices.

Standard for Curator

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Museum Studies or a closely related field of study 
(see Academic Background for Curation), plus a minimum of two (2) years 
of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, 
and practices of Curation that enables professional judgments to be 
made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, preventive 
care, or interpretation of collections associated with historic and 
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and 
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of 
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Curators); or 
* * *
    (b) An undergraduate degree in Museum Studies or a closely related 
field of study (see Academic Background for Curation), plus a minimum 
of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the 
theories, methods, and practices of Curation that enables professional 
judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, 
documentation, preventive care, or interpretation of collections 
associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the United 
States and its Territories; and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Curator).

Curation--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: A degree program called Museum Studies in 
one academic institution might be called Museum Science or Museology in 
another institution. Since Curators often specialize in particular 
disciplines, those fields of study would be relevant provided that 
theoretical as well as hands-on training was also obtained in museum 
methods and techniques, including collections care and management. 
Examples of relevant fields could include American Studies, 
Anthropology, Archeology, Art History, Archival or Library Science, 
History, Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Physics, Engineering, Geology, 
Zoology, and other similar fields of study, depending upon the nature 
of the collections to be curated.
    Discipline specializations: Professional Curators tend to be 
specialists in a particular academic discipline relevant to the 
collections held by their institution or museum, which could include, 
for example, 19th-century Hudson Valley School paintings, Southwest 
Pueblo pottery, Civil War military uniforms, site-specific 
archeological materials, or natural history specimens.

Applying the Standard for Curator--Documenting Professional Experience

    A professional Curator typically has experience in managing and 
preserving a collection according to professional museum and archival 
practices. Cultural training should involve experience with the 
chemical and physical properties of material culture, as well as 
practical and legal aspects of health and safety, an understanding of 
climate control systems, security, and conservation methods. The 
Curator is directly responsible for the care and academic 
interpretation of all objects, materials, and specimens belonging to or 
lent to the museum; recommendations for acquisition, de-accession, 
attribution and authentication; and research on the collections and the 
publication of the results of that research. The Curator also may have 
administrative and/or exhibition responsibilities.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     Exhibit catalogs and other scholarly reports.
     Field or laboratory work that demonstrates ability to 
conserve, document, or interpret archeological,

[[Page 33717]]

archival, or material culture objects or collections.
     Plans or finding aids for the preservation or 
documentation of museum collections.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books, related to the care and treatment of 
archeological, archival, or material culture objects or collections.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to 
the care and treatment of archeological, archival, or material cultural 
objects or collections.
     Professional service on boards or committees or regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
the care and treatment of archeological, archival, or material culture 
objects or collections.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting 
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the 
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that 
specialization.

Engineering; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Engineering is the practice of applying scientific principles to 
the research, planning, design, and management of structures and 
machines such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, docks, locomotives, and 
buildings, including their structural, electrical, or mechanical 
systems. Historic Engineering involves specialized training in 
engineering principles, theories, concepts, methods, and technologies 
of the past, and appropriate methods of interpreting and preserving 
historic engineered structures or machinery.

Standard for Engineer

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
State Government-recognized license to practice civil or structural 
engineering, plus, a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional 
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of engineering 
that enables professional judgments to be made about the documentation 
or treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States 
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Engineers); or * * *
    (b) A Masters of Civil Engineering degree with demonstrable course 
work in Historic Preservation, for historic structures rehabilitation, 
plus a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience 
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Engineering that 
enables professional judgments to be made about the documentation or 
treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States and 
its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Engineers); or * * *
    (c) A Bachelors of Civil Engineering degree with at least one year 
of graduate study in History of Technology, Historic Preservation, 
Engineering History, or a closely related field (see Academic 
Background for Engineers), plus a minimum of two (2) years of full-time 
professional experience applying the theories, methods and practices of 
Engineering that enables professional judgments to be made about the 
documentation or treatment of historic structures and machines in the 
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Engineers).

(Note: Only persons who are licensed to practice Engineering in that 
State may prepare and seal plans and specifications in order to 
obtain construction permits, authorize payments to contractors, and 
certify that the work is complete. However, State staff, State 
Review Board members, and CLG staff or Commission members who are 
not licensed, but who meet the Standard for Engineer under (b) or 
(c) above, can review proposed and completed work for compliance 
with the applicable Secretary's Standards for Tax Act, HPF Grant, or 
other related programs.)

Engineering--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: The Bachelor of Civil Engineering degree is 
a five-year degree that is unlikely to include historic preservation 
course work. The same is true of a Masters of Civil Engineering degree. 
An Engineer with an Engineering degree is well grounded in all aspects 
of engineering practice, including design, planning, construction 
specifications, and contract administration. Although this background 
is essential, additional training is needed in order to understand and 
work with historic structures, sites, and machines, with their complex 
material evolution and treatment problems. Specialized training, to 
supplement that provided by the professional Engineering program, 
should be acquired in such areas as American Architectural and 
Engineering History, History of Technology, Architectural Preservation, 
Conservation, Historic Construction Technologies, Historic Building 
Materials, Historical Archeology, and Historic Preservation.
    Discipline specializations: Civil Engineering, Electrical 
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Structural Engineering are 
typical specializations within the broader discipline of Engineering. 
The two specializations most often used in historic preservation 
projects are Civil and Structural Engineering. Occasionally, there may 
be the need for a Mechanical Engineer to address issues concerning 
historic machinery such as locomotives, steam engines, water turbines, 
electric generators, and similar machines and equipment, or 
particularly complex mechanical systems in a historic structure.

Applying the Standard for Engineer--Documenting Professional Experience

    To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Engineer, an 
individual must pass a written exam and successfully fulfill education, 
training, and experience requirements. In addition, a professional 
Historical Engineer has both theoretical knowledge and technical skill 
associated with preserving historic structures and machines, and with 
the application of Engineering theories, methods, and practices that 
enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, 
documentation, or treatment of historic structures and machines in the 
United States and its Territories. A professional Historical Engineer 
typically has gained experience on structural preservation projects, 
which have included research and detailed investigations of historic 
structures or mechanical artifacts and preparation of recommendations 
for the treatment of such properties in order to preserve them in 
accordance with the appropriate Secretary's Standards for Archeology 
and Historic Preservation (particularly the Secretary's Standards for 
the Treatment of Historic Properties).

[[Page 33718]]

Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the Secretary 
Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
     Plans and Specifications for the preservation, 
rehabilitation, or restoration of historic structures, such as bridges, 
dams, canal locks, and for the structural rehabilitation or seismic 
stabilization of buildings.
     Adaptive reuse or feasibility studies that make 
recommendations for preserving or structurally stabilizing historic 
structures, including bridges.
     Historic Structure Reports or Condition Assessments of 
historic structures or machines.
     Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording 
historic structures or machines.
     Experience applying the Secretary of the Interior's 
Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties to the review of 
work on historic structures, sites or machines.
     Awards for historic structure preservation, 
rehabilitation, or restoration received from local, regional, national, 
or international professional organizations.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books about the preservation of historic structures 
or machines.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about the 
preservation of historic structures or machines.
     Professional service on boards or committees or regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
the preservation of historic structures or machines.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical.

Folklore; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Folklore is the study and documentation of traditional, expressive 
culture shared within various ethnic, familial, occupational, 
religious, and regional groups.

Standard for Folklorist

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Folklore, Folklife Studies, Anthropology or a 
closely related field of study (see Academic Experience for Folklore), 
with a specialization in Folklore or Folklife Studies, plus a minimum 
of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the 
theories, methods, and practices of Folklore that enables professional 
judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, or 
documentation of folk cultures or lifeways associated with historic or 
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and 
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of 
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Folklorists); 
or * * *
    (b) An undergraduate degree in Anthropology or a closely related 
field of study (see Academic Experience for Folklore), plus a minimum 
of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the 
theories, methods, and practices of Folklore that enables professional 
judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, or 
documentation of folk cultures or lifeways associated with historic or 
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and 
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of 
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation. (see Documenting Professional Experience for 
Folklorists).

Folklore--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: Typically, a professional Folklorist has a 
graduate degree in Folklore or Folklife Studies, or from highly 
specialized study within other disciplines such as Anthropology, 
English, Linguistics, or Sociology, provided that such study included 
training in theory, research and fieldwork techniques, and in the 
diverse categories of expressive culture.
    Discipline specializations: A graduate degree in Anthropology may 
be combined with a specialization in Folklore and Folklife Studies. 
Other specializations may include: English, Cultural Anthropology, 
Ethnohistory, Ethnobotany, Ethnozoology, Ethnoarcheology, Cultural 
Geography, Sociology, and Oral History.
    A professional Folklore specialist, or Folklorist, may specialize 
in any of the categories of traditional expressive culture, such as 
music (ethnomusicology), spoken word traditions, material culture, 
customs, or religious and belief systems; or specialization may focus 
on the study of a particular contemporary group (such as the 
Pennsylvania Amish) or region of the United States (such as 
Appalachia).

Applying the Standard for Folklorist--Documenting Professional 
Experience

    A professional Folklorist typically demonstrates professional 
knowledge and skills in established methods and techniques of folklore 
and folklife research in the collection, evaluation, documentation, 
analysis, and/or presentation of grassroots and traditional cultural 
expression, including folk music, spoken word, dance, craftsmanship and 
artistic traditions, folkways, customs, belief systems, traditional 
foodways, and regional and/or occupational groups and communities. 
Experience would typically include fieldwork, with on-site interviews, 
observation, and documentation of contemporary human cultural 
activities.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     Field studies and survey reports, oral histories, or 
assessments of the significance of historic properties.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals; monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books, related to assessing the significance of 
historic or traditional cultural properties.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, exhibitions, or other 
educational venues related to analyzing cultural traditions in 
evaluating the significance of historic or traditional cultural 
properties.
     Professional service on boards or committees of regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
documenting and analyzing cultural traditions.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet

[[Page 33719]]

the Standard; rather, a combination of several products and activities 
would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting professional 
experience in one of the specializations, however, the majority of 
products and activities would naturally reflect that specialization.

Historic Architecture; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Historic Architecture is the practice of applying artistic and 
scientific principles to the research, planning, design, and management 
of the built environment with specialized training in the principles, 
theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving historic 
buildings and structures.

Standard for Historical Architect

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
State Government-recognized license to practice Architecture, plus, a 
minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying 
the theories, methods, and practices of Architecture that enables 
professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, documentation, 
or treatment of historic structures in the United States and its 
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historical Architects); or * * *
    (b) A Masters of Architecture degree with demonstrable course work 
in Architectural Preservation, Architectural History, Historic 
Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning, or a closely related 
field (see Academic Background for Historic Architecture), plus a 
minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying 
the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Architecture that 
enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, 
documentation, or treatment of historic structures in the United States 
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historical Architects); or * * *
    (c) A Bachelors of Architecture degree with at least one year of 
graduate study in Architectural Preservation, Architectural History, 
Historic Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning, or a closely 
related field (see Academic Experience for Historic Architecture), plus 
a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience 
applying the theories, methods and practices of Historic Architecture 
that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, 
documentation, or treatment of historic structures in the United States 
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historical Architects).

(Note: Only persons who are licensed to practice Architecture in 
that State may prepare and seal plans and specifications in order to 
obtain construction permits, authorize payments to contractors, and 
certify that the work is completed. However, State staff, State 
Review Board members, and CLG staff or Commission members who are 
not licensed, but who meet the Standard for Historical Architect 
under (b) or (c) above, can review proposed and completed work for 
compliance with the applicable Secretary's Standards for Tax Act, 
HPF Grant, or other related programs.)

Historic Architecture--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: The Bachelor of Architecture degree is a 
five-year degree that does not always include historic preservation 
course work. The same may be true of a Masters of Architecture degree. 
An Historical Architect is first an Architect and, as such, is well 
grounded in all aspects of architectural practice, including 
architectural design, planning, construction specifications, and 
contract administration. Although this background is essential, 
additional training is needed in order to understand and work with 
historic structures, with their complex material evolution and 
treatment problems. Specialized training, to supplement that provided 
by the professional Architecture program, should be acquired in such 
areas as American Architectural History, Architectural Preservation, 
Conservation, Historic Construction Technologies, Historic Building 
Materials, and Historic Preservation.
    Discipline specialization: Historic Architecture is a 
specialization within the broader discipline of Architecture.

Applying the Standard for Historical Architect--Documenting 
Professional Experience

    To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Architect, 
an individual must pass a written exam and successfully fulfill 
education, training, and experience requirements. In addition, a 
professional Historical Architect has both theoretical knowledge and 
technical skill associated with preserving historic structures, and 
with the application of Architecture theories, methods, and practices 
that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, 
documentation, or treatment of historic properties in the United States 
and its Territories. A professional Historical Architect typically has 
gained experience on structural preservation projects, which have 
included research and detailed investigations of historic structures 
and preparation of recommendations for the treatment of properties in 
order to preserve them in accordance with the appropriate Secretary's 
Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation (particularly the 
Secretary's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties).
Products and activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the Secretary 
Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
     Plans and Specifications for the preservation, 
rehabilitation, or restoration of historic structures.
     Adaptive reuse or feasibility studies that make 
recommendations for preserving historic structures.
     Historic Structure Reports or Condition Assessments of 
historic structures.
     Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording 
historic structures.
     Experience applying the Secretary of the Interior's 
Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties to the review of 
work on historic structures.
     Awards for historic structure preservation, 
rehabilitation, or restoration received from local, regional, national, 
or international professional organizations.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books about the preservation of historic structures.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about the 
preservation of historic structures.
     Professional service on boards or committees or regional, 
national, or international professional organizations

[[Page 33720]]

concerned with the preservation of historic structures.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical.

Historic Landscape Architecture; Historic Preservation Professional 
Qualification Standards

    Historic Landscape Architecture is the practice of applying 
artistic and scientific principles to the research, planning, design, 
and management of both natural and built environments with specialized 
training in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques 
of preserving cultural landscapes.

Standard for Historical Landscape Architect

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
State Government-recognized license to practice Landscape Architecture, 
plus, a minimum of two (2) years full-time professional experience 
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Landscape Architecture 
that enables professional judgments to be made about the 
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment 
of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; and 
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of 
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic 
Landscape Architects); or * * *
    (b) A Masters degree in Landscape Architecture with demonstrable 
course work in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and 
techniques of preserving cultural landscapes, plus a minimum or two (2) 
years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, 
methods, and practices of Landscape Architecture that enables 
professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, 
documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the 
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Historic Landscape Architects); or * * *
    (c) A four-year or five-year Bachelors degree in Landscape 
Architecture, plus a minimum of three (3) years of full-time 
professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices 
of Landscape Architecture that enables professional judgments to be 
made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, 
or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its 
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historic Landscape Architects).

    (Note: Only persons who are licensed to practice Landscape 
Architecture in that State may prepare and seal plans and 
specifications in order to obtain construction permits, authorize 
payments to contractors, and certify that the work is completed. 
However, State staff, State Review Board members, and CLG staff or 
commission members who are not licensed, but who meet the Standard 
for Historical Landscape Architect under (b) or (c) above, can 
review proposed and completed work for compliance with the 
applicable Secretary's Standards for Tax Act, HPF Grant, Grant, or 
other related programs.)

Historic Landscape Architecture--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: Landscape Architecture is the typical 
professional Bachelors degree, which is awarded after successful 
completion of a four-year or five-year undergraduate program. However, 
the Bachelors or Masters in Landscape Architecture may not always 
include historic preservation course work. While the standard Landscape 
Architecture degree program addresses all general aspects of landscape 
architectural practice (including design, planning, construction 
specifications, and professional practice), additional training is 
needed for Historical Landscape Architects. They may need training in 
landscape research, documentation, analysis, evaluation, and treatment 
techniques. This additional training is achieved through additional 
course work and/or professional experience.
    Graduate study: The Masters in Landscape Architecture degree is the 
typical graduate degree, which is awarded after successful completion 
of a two-year or three-year graduate program. This degree should 
include studies in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and 
techniques of preserving cultural landscapes. Course work may include 
cultural geography; landscape history; archival research techniques; 
historic preservation theory, principles, and practice; and 
preservation technologies.
    Discipline specialization: Historic Landscape Architecture is a 
specialization within the broader field of Landscape Architecture. 
Historical Landscape Architects should have completed training in the 
principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving 
cultural landscapes. Cultural landscape preservation focuses on 
preserving a landscape's physical attributes, biotic systems, and use 
(especially when that use contributes to its historical significance). 
Graduate study and/or professional experience provides the specialized 
training needed by the Historical Landscape Architect.

Applying the Standard for Historical Landscape Architect--Documenting 
Professional Experience

    To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Landscape 
Architect, an individual typically must pass a written exam and 
successfully fulfill education, training, and experience requirements. 
In addition, an Historical Landscape Architect must have two years of 
experience in the application of Landscape Architecture theories, 
methods, and practices to the identification, evaluation, 
documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the 
United States and its Territories. A professional Historical Landscape 
Architect has both theoretical knowledge and technical skill associated 
with the preservation of cultural landscapes in accordance with the 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation. 
Cultural landscapes include historic sites, historic designed 
landscapes, historic vernacular landscapes, and ethnographic 
landscapes.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     Surveys and inventories of cultural landscapes.
     Documentation of cultural landscapes that meets the 
Secretary's Standards for Documentation.
     National Register nominations or Determinations of 
Eligibility for cultural landscapes.
     Cultural Landscape treatment and maintenance plans.
     Cultural Landscape Reports.

[[Page 33721]]

     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books about cultural landscape preservation.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about 
cultural landscape preservation.
     Professional service on boards or committees or regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
cultural landscape preservation.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts associated with cultural landscape 
preservation.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical.

Historic Preservation Planning; Historic Preservation Professional 
Qualification Standards

    Historic Preservation Planning, a specialization within Planning, 
is the practice of identifying and carrying out particular goals and 
strategies to protect historic and archeological resources at the 
local, regional, State, or national level.

Standard for Historic Preservation Planner

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
State Government-recognized certification or license in Land-use 
Planning, plus, minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional 
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic 
Preservation Planning that enables professional judgments to be made 
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, 
protection, or treatment of historic and archeological properties in 
the United States and its Territories; and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Historic Preservation Planner); or  * * *.
    (b) A graduate degree in Planning with demonstrable course work in 
Historic Preservation, or a graduate degree in a closely related field 
of study with demonstrable course work in Historic Preservation (see 
Academic Background for Historic Preservation Planning), plus a minimum 
of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the 
theories, methods, and practices of Historic Preservation Planning that 
enables professional judgments to be made about the identification, 
evaluation, documentation, registration, protection, or treatment of 
historic and archeological properties in the United States and its 
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historic Preservation Planner); or  * * *.
    (c) An undergraduate degree in Planning with demonstrable course 
work in Historic Preservation or an undergraduate degree in a closely 
related field of study with demonstrable course work in Historic 
Preservation (see Academic Background for Historic Preservation 
Planning), plus a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional 
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic 
Preservation Planning that enables professional judgments to be made 
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, 
protection, or treatment of historic and archeological properties in 
the United States and its Territories; and products and activities that 
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the 
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting 
Professional Experience for Historic Preservation Planner).

Historic Preservation Planning--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: Professional Historic Preservation Planners 
typically receive their education through academic Planning programs, 
although increasingly Historic Preservation programs are offering 
Historic Preservation Planning as a concentration in which degrees are 
awarded. Other fields that may be closely related, provided that 
training relevant to Historic Preservation Planning is obtained, 
include Historical or Cultural Geography, Architecture, Urban Design, 
and Historic Preservation.
    Discipline specializations: Historic Preservation Planning is a 
specialization within the broader discipline of Planning. Other 
specializations include Urban, City, Town, or Community Planning; 
Regional Planning; Land Use Planning; Environmental Planning; 
Recreation Planning; Transportation Planning; and Housing Planning.

Applying the Standard for Historic Preservation Planner--Documenting 
Professional Experience

    In order to receive a license or be registered or certified as a 
professional Planner, an individual typically must pass a written exam 
and have completed a specified number of years of experience. A 
professional Historic Preservation Planner typically has gained 
experience in data collection and analysis; survey and evaluation of 
existing conditions; consultation with elected and appointed officials 
and the general public; identification of alternative strategies; 
enforcement or administration of relevant statutes and regulations; and 
the preparation of planning documents.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     Preservation plans adopted by government officials; and/or 
results of preservation planning studies incorporated into the local 
comprehensive or master plan.
     Ordinances for the protection of historic and/or 
archeological resources.
     Economic Feasibility Studies that make recommendations for 
preserving historic or archeological properties.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books, related to preservation planning.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to 
preservation planning.
     Professional service on boards of committees or regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
preservation planning.
     Planning awards received from local, regional, national, 
or international professional organizations.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting 
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the

[[Page 33722]]

majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that 
specialization.

Historic Preservation; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification 
Standards

    Historic Preservation is the application of strategies that promote 
the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, 
protection, treatment, continued use, and interpretation of prehistoric 
and historic resources.

Standard for Historic Preservationist

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in Historic Preservation or a closely related field of 
study (see Academic Background for the Historic Preservation 
discipline), plus a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional 
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic 
Preservation that enables professional judgments to be made about the 
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment 
of historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its 
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historic Preservationists); or  * * *.
    (b) An undergraduate degree in Historic Preservation or a closely 
related field of study (see Academic Background for the Historic 
Preservation discipline), plus a minimum of four (4) years of full-time 
professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices 
of Historic Preservation that enables professional judgments to be made 
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or 
treatment of historic and prehistoric properties in the United States 
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historic Preservationists).

Historic Preservation--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: Various fields of study may be considered 
closely related to Historic Preservation, such as American Studies, 
Architecture, Architectural History, Archeology, History, and 
Historical or Cultural Geography, provided that such programs of study 
include course work in the history of the designed environment, history 
and theory of preservation, historic preservation methods, techniques, 
and legislation (Federal, State and local), plus a formal supervised 
practicum or internship for hands-on application of knowledge and 
technical skills in the field.
    Discipline specializations: While most Historic Preservationists 
tend to be generalists, many specialize in such areas as Architectural, 
Landscape, and Community Design, Historic Building Technology, 
Preservation Economics, Preservation Law, Historic Preservation 
Planning, and Site Interpretation and Management.

Applying the Standard for Historic Preservationist--Documenting 
Professional Experience

    A professional Historic Preservationist typically has experience 
that demonstrates a well-grounded understanding of the principles, 
practices, laws and regulations, and diverse resources of historic 
preservation.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation of historic or archeological resources.'' Products and 
activities that meet the appropriate Secretary's Standards for 
Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
     National Register documentation that has resulted in 
property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
     Survey reports assessing the significance of historic 
properties.
     Historic Structure Reports.
     Adaptive reuse plans or feasibility studies that make 
recommendations for preserving historic properties.
     Written opinions that have been accepted that assess the 
impact that an undertaking will have on historic or archeological 
properties.
     Historic District Ordinances that have been adopted by a 
local government.
     Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording 
historic properties.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books, related to historic preservation.
     Presentations at regional, national, or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to 
historic preservation.
     Professional service on boards or committees or regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
historic preservation.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting 
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the 
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that 
specialization.

History; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards

    History is the study of the past through written records, oral 
history, and material culture and the examination of that evidence 
within a chronological or topical sequence in order to interpret its 
relationship to preceding, contemporary and subsequent events.

Standard for Historian

    (a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a 
graduate degree in History or a closely related field of study (see 
Academic Background for History), plus a minimum of two (2) years of 
full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and 
practices of History that enables professional judgments to be made 
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or 
treatment of historic properties in the United States and its 
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historians); or * * *
    (b) An undergraduate degree in History or a closely related field 
of study (see Academic Background for History), plus a minimum of four 
(4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories, 
methods, and practices of History that enables professional judgments 
to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, 
registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States 
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the 
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to 
the

[[Page 33723]]

practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional 
Experience for Historians).

(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61 a person meeting this Standard is 
required as part of the core staff for each State Historic 
Preservation Office (SHPO) and as part of each State Review Board. 
Expertise described by this standard is also needed for Tribal 
Preservation Office staff or consultants of tribes that have 
executed a Memorandum of Agreement to implement Section 101(d) of 
the National Historic Preservation Act. It also may be needed for 
consultants hired with HPF grant funds and for members of Certified 
Local Government Commissions.)

History--Academic Background

    Closely related fields: For this Standard, the professional degree 
is typically awarded in History, American History, or Public History. 
Relevant training can be obtained in programs of American Studies, 
American Civilization, Historical or Cultural Geography, Anthropology, 
Ethnohistory, and Historic Preservation, providing that course work is 
offered in historical research methods and techniques. Education in the 
social and cultural history of countries other than North America may 
be relevant when dealing with the histories of immigrant, ethnic or 
minority groups in the United States.
    Discipline specializations: Professional Historians tend to 
concentrate their education and experience in one of the many 
chronological, regional, and topical specializations within American 
History (such as colonial history, southern history, community history, 
women's history, military history, history of technology, or industrial 
history).

Applying the Standard for Historian--Documenting Professional 
Experience

    A professional Historian has experience in archival and primary 
documents research, evaluating and synthesizing this information, and 
preparation of scholarly narrative histories. Historic research 
experience in countries other than North America may be relevant when 
researching the histories of immigrant, ethnic or minority groups in 
the United States of America.
Products and Activities
    Professional experience and expertise must be documented through 
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application 
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic 
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate 
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may 
include:
     National Register documentation that has resulted in 
property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
     Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording 
historic properties.
     Survey reports assessing the significance of historic 
properties.
     Publications, which might include articles in regional, 
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or 
chapters in edited books, related to documenting and evaluating the 
significance of historic properties.
     Presentations at regional, national or international 
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to 
documenting and evaluating historic properties.
     Professional service on boards or committees of regional, 
national, or international professional organizations concerned with 
documenting and evaluating the significance of historic properties.
     Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or 
invitations to teaching posts.
    This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be 
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in 
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products 
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting 
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the 
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that 
specialization.

Sources of Additional Information--Professional Organizations

    The following organizations may be contacted to request additional 
information about the specific disciplines, college and university 
departments, workshops, and conferences and publications about the 
practice of each discipline.

American Anthropological Association, 4350 North Fairfax Drive, 
Suite 630, Arlington, VA 22203-1621
American Association of Museums, P.O. Box 4002, Washington, D.C. 
20042-4002
American Association for State Federal and Local History, 530 Church 
Street, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37219-2325
American Cultural Resources Association, c/o New South Associates, 
6150 Ponce de Leon Avenue, Stone Mountain, GA 30083
American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 
20540-8100
American Historical Association, 400 A Street, SE., Washington, D.C. 
20003
American Institute for the Conservation of Historic & Artistic 
Works, 1717 K Street, NW., Suite 301, Washington, D.C. 20006
American Institute of Architects, 1735 New York Avenue, NW., 
Washington, D.C. 20006
American Institute of Certified Planners, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue, 
NW., Washington, D.C. 20036
American Planning Association, 122 S. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1200, 
Chicago, IL 60603-6107
American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, 
Reston, VA 20191-4400
American Society of Landscape Architects, 4401 Connecticut Avenue, 
NW.,Washington, D.C. 20008-2302
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, 
NJ 07007-2900
American Studies Association, 1120 19th Street, NW., Suite 301, 
Washington, D.C. 20036
Association for Preservation Technology, P.O. Box 3511, 
Williamsburg, VA 23187
Association of American Geographers, 1710 16th Street, NW., 
Washington, D.C. 20009
Center for Museum Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Arts and 
Industries Building, Suite 2235, MRC, 427, Washington, D.C. 20560
The Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 445 Hoes 
Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331
National Council on Preservation Education, c/o Center for Historic 
Architecture and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 
19716
National Council on Public History, 327 Cavanaugh Hall-IUPUI, 425 
University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5140
National Society of Professional Engineers, 1420 King Street, 
Alexandria, VA 22314-2794
National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue, 
NW., Washington, D.C. 20036
Organization of American Historians, 112 North Bryan Street, 
Bloomington, IN 47408-4199
Society for American Archaeology, 900 2nd Street, NE., Suite 12, 
Washington, D.C. 20002
Society for Applied Anthropology, P.O. Box 24083, Oklahoma City, OK 
73124
Society of Architectural Historians, Charnley-Persky House, 1365 
North Astor Street, Chicago, IL 60610-2144
Society for Historical Archeology, P.O. Box 30446, Tucson, AZ 85751
Society of Professional Archeologists, Department of Anthropology, 
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275

    Dated: June 12, 1997.
Katherine H. Stevenson,
Associate Director, Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnerships, 
National Park Service.
[FR Doc. 97-16168 Filed 6-19-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-70-P