[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 119 (Friday, June 20, 1997)]
[Notices]
[Pages 33708-33723]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-16168]
[[Page 33707]]
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Part II
Department of the Interior
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National Park Service
_______________________________________________________________________
The Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation Professional
Qualification Standards; Notice
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 119 / Friday, June 20, 1997 /
Notices
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
The Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation
Professional Qualification Standards
AGENCY: National Park Service, DOI.
ACTION: Proposed renaming of and revisions to ``the Secretary of the
Interior's Professional Qualification Standards.''
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SUMMARY: The National Park Service (NPS) proposes to rename and revise
``the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification
Standards'' which are part of the larger ``Secretary of the Interior's
Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation.''
The statutory authority for the Secretary's development of these can be
found in sections 101(g), 101(h), 101(i), and 101(j)(2)(A) of the
National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.).
These Standards and Guidelines (including the Professional
Qualification Standards) were published in the Federal Register in 1983
(48 FR 44716, September 29) as the Secretary's best guidance for
historic preservation practice nationally. This remains their
preeminent function.
The Standards are renamed ``the Secretary of the Interior's
Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards.'' This
change reflects the fact that the Standards are designed to apply to
each discipline as it is practiced in historic preservation; e.g., in
the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, and
treatment of historic properties.
The proposed revisions update the standards for the five
disciplines included in the 1983 publication and add standards for
seven other disciplines mentioned in the National Historic Preservation
Act as being important to historic preservation. The proposed revisions
also provide (for the first time) published guidance on how to use and
interpret the Standards.
These revisions are necessary because the old professional
qualification standards had become out-of-date, did not include many
disciplines important in the practice of historic preservation, and
provided no guidance on their use and interpretation. This absence of
national guidance led to confusion and inconsistency in the application
of the Standards by Federal, State, Tribal, and local government
agencies and other organizations and individuals. The Standards are
designed to be a tool to help recognize the minimum expertise generally
necessary for performing professionally credible historic preservation
work.
The Standards are not designed to identify the best or ideal person
for any position. The effective application of any of these national
Standards will require the development of a detailed job description
containing additional information to suit a particular situation and
need. These Standards do not apply to ``entry-level'' applicants or to
preeminent professionals in the field. Rather, they outline the minimum
education and experience and products that together provide an
assurance that the applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will be
able to perform competently on the job and be respected within the
larger historic preservation community.
All responses to this notice will be summarized as part of the
publication of the official issuance of the ``Secretary's Historic
Preservation Professional Qualification Standards.'' All comments will
also become a matter of public record.
DATES: Comments on this notice must be received by August 19, 1997 to
be assured of consideration.
ADDRESSES: Send comments to: Mr. Joe Wallis, Chief, Branch of State,
Tribal, and Local Programs, Heritage Preservation Services, National
Center for Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnership Programs,
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street,
NW., Washington, DC 20240. Comments may be hand-delivered or overnight
mailed to 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 200, Washington, DC
20002. Comments may be sent by fax to 202-343-6004 or by E-mail to
John__R[email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. John Renaud, Branch of State,
Tribal, and Local Programs, Heritage Preservation Services Division,
National Center for Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnership
Programs, National Park Service, 202-343-1055, FAX 202-343-6004, or
John__R[email protected] (E-mail).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents--Applying the Historic Preservation Professional
Qualification Standards:
Introduction
Program Evolution/Current Changes
Applicability
How to Use the Historic Preservation Qualification Standards
Questions and Answers
Discipline and Historic Preservation Proficiencies
Recommended Discipline Proficiencies
Recommended Historic Preservation Proficiencies
Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards
Archeology
(A) Prehistoric Archeology
(B) Historic Archeology
Architectural History
Conservation
Cultural Anthropology
Curation
Engineering
Folklore
Historic Architecture
Historic Landscape Architecture
Historic Preservation Planning
Historic Preservation
History
Sources of Additional Information
Professional Organizations
Introduction
Background
The identification, evaluation, protection, and preservation of
America's important historic and cultural properties depends upon the
participation of all citizens; however, certain decisions must involve
individuals who meet nationally accepted professional standards in
order to assure credibility in the practice of historic preservation at
the Federal, State, and local levels, as well as in the private sector.
The Secretary of the Interior is responsible for establishing
standards for all programs under Departmental authority. In accordance
with this responsibility, ``the Secretary of the Interior's
Professional Qualification Standards'' were developed by the National
Park Service (NPS) 20 years ago to ensure that a consistent level of
expertise would be applied nationally to the identification,
evaluation, documentation, registration, treatment, and interpretation
of historic and archeological resources.
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Pub. L. 89-665)
gave the Secretary authority to set criteria for State grants, surveys,
and plans. The National Park Service administratively required State
Historic Preservation Officers (SHPOs) to maintain professionally
qualified staff (in 1976), and to appoint qualified individuals as
advisors to serve on State Review Boards (in 1977). The professional
qualification standards have not changed since then. The 1980
Amendments to the National Historic Preservation Act (Pub. L. 96-515)
statutorily affirmed the previous regulatory requirement for
professionally qualified staff. Congress also reiterated the
regulation's requirement that State Review Boards include a majority of
members qualified in one of the professional disciplines which met
minimum Professional
[[Page 33709]]
Qualification Standards defined in regulation in 36 CFR part 61
(Architecture, Architectural History, Prehistoric Archeology or
Historic Archeology, and History). In addition, the 1980 amendments
created the Certified Local Government (CLG) program to recognize the
role of local governments in the national partnership, and stipulated
that the CLG Review Commission membership needed to be adequate and
qualified. The Congressional Committee Report for the 1980 amendments
(H.R. Rept. 96-1457) called for ``professional bodies which can
objectively evaluate the historic significance of properties and
provide professional advice on historic preservation matters.''
Finally, States, local governments, Federal agencies, and the private
sector often require that proposals from historic preservation
contractors or work submitted by them meet these same professional
practice Standards.
How To use the Historic preservation professional qualification
standards provides background and general information in a question and
answer format about the three basic components of each Standard:
academic or comparable training; professional experience; and products
and activities that demonstrate proficiency in the field of historic
preservation.
Discipline and historic preservation proficiencies consists of a
series of general proficiencies (knowledge, skills, and abilities) that
are needed by historic preservation program applicants, employees,
consultants, and advisors. The first set of proficiencies is related to
disciplines; the second, to historic preservation.
Following the standard for each discipline is guidance about
meeting the standard for that specific discipline, including a list of
some of the most common ``closely related fields'' within academic
degree programs; information on documenting professional experience;
and a list of typical products and activities that may be used to
document acquired proficiencies in the field of historic preservation.
Finally, a list of Professional Organizations is included to assist
users in obtaining additional information about the disciplines,
college and university departments, and publications on the practice of
each discipline.
Program Evolution/Current Changes
In its 1992 amendments to the Act (Pub. L. 102-575), Congress
recognized the evolution and growth of the professional practice of
historic preservation, and an expanded role for Indian tribes in
implementing the National Historic Preservation Act. Accordingly, the
number of disciplines acknowledged as key to the responsible practice
of historic preservation has been increased by the Act and therefore by
the National Park Service from the five identified almost 20 years
earlier to 12, now including Archeology (Prehistoric and Historic),
Architectural History, Conservation, Cultural Anthropology, Curation,
Engineering, Folklore, Historic Architecture, Historic Landscape
Architecture, Historic Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning,
and History.
As a result, NPS consulted at length with Federal agencies, SHPOs,
CLGs, and professional societies involved in historic preservation
about issuing updated and expanded Professional Qualification Standards
that recognize the evolution and development of the disciplines in the
field.
``The Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation
Professional Qualification Standards'' are designed to be national
measures for determining minimum requirements for professionals
practicing in the field of historic preservation. The format for the
Standards provides a consistent, yet flexible, framework for
establishing sound professionalism in the twelve disciplines. There is
one Standard for each of the disciplines.
Each Standard defines:
Academic degrees or comparable training
Professional experience; and
Products and activities that demonstrate proficiency in
historic preservation.
These Standards do not apply to ``entry-level'' applicants or to
preeminent professionals in the field. Rather, they outline the minimum
education and experience and products that together provide an
assurance that the applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will be
able to perform competently on the job and be respected within the
larger historic preservation community. The effective application of
any of these national Standards will require the development of a
detailed job description containing additional information to suit a
particular situation and need.
Note: In each discipline, the most common method of meeting that
Professional Qualifications Standard is discussed first. Less common
alternatives follow. Typically, a graduate degree or professional
license is listed first.
Applicability
It should be emphasized that the ``Historic Preservation
Professional Qualification Standards'' that follow are, in most
instances, advisory in nature and may thus be used by anyone hiring
personnel or consultants or appointing advisory boards or commissions.
Because use of the Standards can help ensure appropriate, informed
decisions about protecting and preserving our nation's historic and
archeological resources, NPS strongly encourages their adoption and
implementation.
However, under well-defined circumstances discussed below, ``the
Secretary's Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards'' are requirements by statute and regulation. In those
instances, a note is added at the end of the required Standard.
First, the National Historic Preservation Act, Section 101,
requires that a professionally qualified staff be appointed or employed
by State Historic Preservation Offices. Indian tribes that have
executed a Memorandum of Agreement with NPS and assumed
responsibilities pursuant to Section 101(d) of the Act also must employ
or consult with professionally qualified individuals in carrying out
those responsibilities. The performance and supervision of Historic
Preservation Fund grant-assisted work must be performed and/or
supervised by professionally qualified staff and/or contractors. In
accordance with 36 CFR part 61 and NPS policy, three of twelve
disciplines are required for State program staff and for staff of
Tribes with Section 101(d) status: History, Archeology, and
Architectural History. States and Tribes with 101(d) status may propose
an alternative minimum staff composition for NPS concurrence if their
historic resources, needs, or circumstances would be better served or
met. States and Tribes with 101(d) status are expected to obtain the
services of other qualified professionals as needed for different types
of resources.
Second, section 101(b)(1)(B) and section 301(12) of the Act
requires that a majority of State Review Board members be
professionally qualified. As specified in 36 CFR part 61, this majority
must include, but need not be limited, to the required disciplines of
History, Archeology, and Architectural History. One person may meet the
Standards for more than one required discipline.
Third, section 101(c)(1)(B) and section 301(13) of the Act requires
that State programs encourage CLG Review Commissions to include
individuals who are professionally qualified, to the extent that such
individuals are
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available in the community. The State may specify the minimum number of
Commission members that must meet the Standards and decide which, if
any, of the disciplines listed in the Standards need to be represented
on the Commission.
An accompanying guidance section, Applying the Historic
Preservation Professional Qualification Standards, has been prepared to
assist the consistent application of the ``Historic Preservation
Professional Qualification Standards'' when selecting an employee,
consultant, or advisor. As such, the guidance provides additional
information and recommendations, but never constitutes a requirement.
How To Use the Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
There are three basic components of each Historic Preservation
Professional Qualification Standard: academic degrees or comparable
training; professional experience; and products and activities that
demonstrate proficiency in the field of historic preservation. A number
of commonly asked questions about the design and content of the
Standards, as well as their application and implementation, are
answered below in order to assist anyone applying for a position or
anyone charged with obtaining the services of a professional in the
field of historic preservation.
1. Under what authority are these Standards developed? ``The
Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation Professional
Qualification Standards and Guidance'' are part of the larger
``Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology
and Historic Preservation.'' The statutory authority for the
Secretary's development of these can be found in sections 101(g),
101(h), 101(i), and 101(j)(2)(A) of the National Historic Preservation
Act, as amended. These Standards and Guidance (including the
Professional Qualification Standards) were published in the Federal
Register in 1983 as the Secretary's best guidance for historic
preservation practice nationally. This remains their preeminent
function.
2. What about the requirements in Section 112 of the National
Historic Preservation Act? Section 112 is not the statutory authority
for the ``Secretary of the Interior's Historic Preservation
Professional Qualification Standards and Guidance'' (see the preceding
paragraph). Section 112 splits Federal agency requirements for meeting
``professional standards'' into two parts. Section 112(a)(1)(A)
mandates that Federal ``actions'' meet professional standards; it is
not directed at establishing professional qualification requirements.
It is section 112(a)(1)(B) that requires the Federal Office of
Personnel Management (OPM) to devise professional qualification
requirements for Federal employees and contractors in seven
disciplines. OPM is required by statute to consult with the National
Park Service (NPS) and others in creating these requirements. When
completed, NPS will offer the Professional Qualification Standards and
Guidance as its best advice to OPM for their use.
3. Are the Standards regulatory or are they advisory? The Standards
are not in and of themselves regulatory. A separate regulation or other
official action which references or otherwise adopts part or all of
them is necessary to give any force to any language in the Standards.
In a number of instances, this has occurred. For example, the Standards
for Rehabilitation are regulatory in the Federal Preservation Tax
Incentives program through 36 CFR part 67. Likewise, the Professional
Qualification Standards are regulatory for States, local historic
preservation programs, and participating tribes through 36 CFR part 61.
The guidance (``Academic Background'' and ``Documenting Professional
Experience'') accompanying the Professional Qualification Standards is
intended to assist users in the application of the Standards; the
guidance is not regulatory.
4. How were these Standards developed? Who was consulted?
Consultation has been extensive over the four years of this project.
The wide range of constituents that use the Standards dictates a broad
consultation process, which, not surprisingly, results in widely
varying opinions and recommendations. To date, NPS has consulted with:
(1) Federal, tribal, State, and local government historic preservation
programs as well as related organizations; (2) professional societies
and organizations of professional societies; (3) academic programs in
historic preservation and organizations of such programs; (4)
individuals and companies in the private practice of historic
preservation as well as related organizations; and, (5) individuals
working in the public sector as well as organizations of such people.
5. Why did the National Park Service choose the disciplines it did?
These disciplines were selected because each is specifically mentioned
in the National Historic Preservation Act. [See sections 112(a)(1)(A),
112(a)(1)(B), 201(a)(9), 301(12)(B), 301(13), and 401(c)(3).]
6. How are these Standards to be used? The Standards are designed
to be a tool to help recognize the minimum expertise generally
necessary for performing professionally credible historic preservation
work. The Standards are not designed to identify the best or ideal
person for any position or the preeminent practitioners in any
discipline, nor are they developed to qualify apprentice or entry level
workers. The Standards are designed to describe the typical expertise
held by credible mid-level journeymen working in historic preservation.
7. Do the Standards apply to ``entry level'' or ``technician''
level positions? Although the work of ``entry-level'' or ``technician-
level'' personnel is critical to the success of historic preservation
projects, these professional levels are not addressed in the
Secretary's Standards. The Standards apply only to the ``journeyman''
professional and define the minimum level of expertise necessary to
provide reliable technical opinions relating to historic properties
(without in-depth oversight or review by another professional in the
discipline).
8. Do Federal agencies have to meet these Professional
Qualification Standards? For Federal employees and Federal contractors,
the Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards are
regulatory only if they are specifically adopted by: (1) The Federal
Office of Personnel Management (OPM) pursuant to its responsibility
under Section 112(a)(1)(B) of the Act; (2) a Federal agency in its own
agency-wide regulations, requirements, or policy; or (3) a Federal
agency as part of a program or project agreement with another party.
9. How are general Standards applied in specific situations?
General standards are intended to define minimum professional
qualifications for identifying, evaluating, registering, treating, and
interpreting historic properties nationwide; however, the best historic
preservation professional for a particular office, program, project, or
property depends upon the situation. Different skills and expertise are
needed for different geographical areas and resource types. In most
cases where the Standards are applied in hiring or contracting, job
descriptions and qualifications will have to be tailored to specific
situations and locations so that experience and training are relevant
to the needs of the resources and the work to be done. Where there is a
need for specialized expertise in a project, application of the
Standards will necessarily focus upon specialized training and
demonstrated experience and products. For example, a person may be
highly skilled in restoring a
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particular kind of resource (such as covered bridges), but that person
would not be an appropriate choice to work on other types of resources.
10. Do all staff, consultants, and appointed advisors need to meet
the Standards? SHPOs, CLGs, and tribes hire staff, select consultants,
and appoint advisors to perform historic preservation work. However, it
is NPS policy that historic preservation activity supported by the
Historic Preservation Fund must be conducted, supervised, overseen,
evaluated, or signed off by someone who meets the appropriate
Professional Qualification Standard. Therefore, NPS requires the use of
some of these Standards in certain circumstances by State Historic
Preservation Offices, State Review Boards, and Certified Local
Government Commissions (see 36 CFR part 61). Consequently, in some
offices there could be no staff meeting the Professional Qualification
Standards as long as there is access somewhere along the line to the
appropriate expertise. For offices (e.g., States) required to have
professionally qualified staff and Review Board membership, the
requirement is usually to have at least one qualified individual in the
three specified core disciplines. States and Tribes with 101(d) status
are expected to obtain the services of professionals qualified in other
disciplines as needed. It is possible that an individual may meet the
Professional Qualification Standards for more than one discipline.
Other staff members working in the discipline do not have to meet the
Standards.
11. What about professionals who were hired under the old
Standards? For programs administered by the National Park Service, each
State staff, State Review Board member and Certified Local Government
Commission member approved by the Secretary as meeting the Professional
Qualification Standards will retain that status, regardless of any
subsequent changes in the Standards, until such time as that individual
no longer is employed by the State office, serves on the State Review
Board, or serves on the Certified Local Government Commission with
which that individual was affiliated as of the date of that
individual's approval. Contractors qualified in a specified discipline
under the old requirements will be deemed qualified in that discipline
by NPS under the new rules as long as the contract, cooperative
agreement, or other third-party agreement remains in effect. New
contractual agreements would apply the new standards. Other
organizations using the Professional Qualification Standards are
encouraged to adopt a similar approach.
12. Why aren't the Standards for each discipline exactly the same?
Because each discipline is different and makes its own distinct
contribution to historic preservation, the Professional Qualification
Standards differ somewhat according to discipline. Each set of
Standards includes educational and experience equivalencies to assure
fairness in hiring practices; thus, a graduate or undergraduate degree,
or other certification, registration, or professional license or
training is given full consideration, when combined with differing
periods of full-time professional experience. Documenting a record of
high quality products and activities during past employment is required
in every Standard; however, the type of products and activities will
necessarily differ within each discipline.
13. Why does one have to demonstrate proficiency in a specific
discipline as well as in historic preservation? When decision makers
lack the expertise required to make informed decisions, historic and
cultural resources can be overlooked, mis-identified, mis-evaluated,
damaged, or lost. Partial expertise can be just as harmful, whether a
person is well-grounded in historic preservation, but lacks
professional discipline skills, or, alternatively, is an expert in a
professional discipline, but fails to understand its important
connection to historic preservation. Involvement of people with
expertise in both a professional discipline and historic preservation
will greatly improve the reliability of decisions affecting our
nation's heritage.
14. What constitutes full-time professional experience? Full-time
professional experience generally refers to experience received after
the degree was awarded or education was completed. Full-time
professional experience can be acquired in blocks of time that,
together, add up to the number of years called for in the Standard. In
some disciplines, a portion of this experience must have been earned
under the direct supervision of a recognized professional. It is
possible that some education and experience received outside the United
States is relevant to the identification, evaluation, documentation,
registration, treatment, and interpretation of United States historic
and cultural properties.
15. Does the required experience have to occur subsequent to
obtaining the requisite educational or licensing credentials? Although
it is preferable to have the practical experience after obtaining the
academic training in a particular discipline, there is no such national
requirement. The hiring, choosing, selecting, or contracting office
must determine for itself how much experience, of what sort, and in
what sequence, is appropriate for the job or position.
16. How many and what types of products and activities are
routinely used to document the quality of professional experience? The
applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor may cite products such as
peer-reviewed articles and publications, audio-visual materials,
awards, and National Register documentation. Activities could include
teaching the theory or practices of a specific discipline;
administrative, project review, or supervisory experience in a historic
preservation program or office; and field or laboratory work. In any
event, products and activities should demonstrate the appropriate use
of the applicable ``Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
Archeology and Historic Preservation.'' Examples are provided in the
Documenting Professional Experience section of the guidance for
Applying the Standard for each discipline.
17. In determining academic qualifications, what is a ``closely
related field of study?'' To provide flexibility in determining
academic credentials, the Standards recognize that a graduate or
undergraduate degree may have been attained in either the identified
discipline or in a related discipline. Thus a candidate for the
position of Architectural Historian may have an undergraduate degree in
a closely related field of study, such as Art History or Historic
Preservation.
Merely having a degree in a closely related field does not
automatically meet the Standard. The course work taken to earn a degree
in a related field should be weighed against the course requirements in
the Standard's ``main'' discipline. For example, a degree in Art
History does not necessarily, on its own, meet the Standard for
Architectural History, unless course work relevant to the Standard can
be documented, such as American architectural history. (See the
Academic Background guidance given after each Standard, which discusses
the typical closely related fields of study for each historic
preservation discipline.)
18. How much and what kind of course work in a ``closely related
field'' is required to meet the Professional Qualifications Standards?
There is no set amount of credit hours. The office hiring or selecting
must make a determination that the person with course work in a closely
related field has enough relevant education to be
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equivalent to that necessary for the standard degree in that
discipline, and to enable that person to make judgments about the
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment
of historic or archeological properties in the United States and its
Territories.
19. When is ``exceptional experience'' a factor? In general, an
applicant, employee, consultant, contractor, or advisor who does not
possess a combination of education or training, experience, and
products would not meet the Standards. However, in some cases, a
person's experience and contributions have been so exceptional that he
or she demonstrates the level of expertise that meets the Standards. In
particular, this may apply in those situations where persons embarked
upon their careers before recognized academic programs were
established, and their education or training was thus attained in
alternative ways. In such instances, exceptional experience would be
substituted for an academic degree or other training. It is up to the
organization with administrative oversight responsibility for the
program or project to determine whether the individual meets the
Standards. For example, in a program under the purview of 36 CFR part
61, the State Historic Preservation Office would request an exception
from the National Park Service for the person under consideration for a
``professional'' position on the State staff or Review Board.
Otherwise, the organization doing the hiring or selecting of personnel
would determine whether the individual meets the Standards.
Discipline and Historic Preservation Proficiencies
The Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards call
for an understanding of the general principles, procedures, and
practices in the discipline as they are applied to historic
preservation. This type of expertise is necessary for historic
preservation programs in which the employee, consultant, or advisor is
expected to deal with a range of historic resources and issues.
Proficiencies in the disciplines and in the practice of historic
preservation are outlined below.
Recommended Discipline Proficiencies
The following discipline proficiencies (knowledge, skills, and
abilities) should be possessed by applicants, employees, consultants,
and advisors:
Knowledge of the history of the discipline.
Knowledge of current theories, principles, practices,
methods, and techniques of the discipline.
Familiarity with diverse specializations within the
discipline.
Skills in applying the discipline's techniques of
practice, including critical analysis skills.
Understanding of the discipline's relationships with other
disciplines and the ability to design and carry out interdisciplinary
projects.
Understanding of complex research questions.
Ability to place a specific project in a broader context.
Knowledge of current scholarly research and its
applicability to a given issue.
Familiarity with the process of rigorous professional peer
review that occurs before work is published.
Recommended Historic Preservation Proficiencies
The following historic preservation proficiencies (knowledge,
skills, and abilities) should be possessed by applicants, employees,
consultants, and advisors:
Familiarity with the origins and development of the
historic preservation movement.
Knowledge of the field of historic preservation as it is
practiced in the United States, including its philosophies, theories,
practices, laws, regulations, policies, and standards, and relationship
to the discipline as a whole.
Ability to apply Federal and relevant State and local
historic preservation laws, regulations, policies, and standards in the
public and private sectors, including Federal, State, and local
government agencies, and private organizations.
Ability to apply the appropriate set(s) of the ``Secretary
of the Interior's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation,''
and/or the National Register of Historic Places criteria.
In consideration of the foregoing, the ``Secretary of the
Interior's Professional Qualification Standards'' are proposed to read
as follows:
Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards
Archeology
(A) Prehistoric Archeology
(B) Historic Archeology
Architectural History
Conservation
Cultural Anthropology
Curation
Engineering
Folklore
Historic Architecture
Historic Landscape Architecture
Historic Preservation Planning
Historic Preservation
History
Archeology; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Archeology is the study of past human lifeways through the
systematic observation, analysis, and protection of the material
remains of human activities.
Standard for Archeologist
(A) Prehistoric
The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Prehistoric
Archeology, or a graduate degree in Archeology with a specialization in
Prehistoric Archeology, or a graduate degree in a closely related field
(see Academic Background for Archeology), PLUS a minimum of two and
one-half (2\1/2\) years of full-time professional experience in
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Archeology that
enables professional judgments to be made about the identification,
evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of prehistoric
archeological properties in the United States and its Territories (at
least six months of experience must have been acquired in the
performance of field and analytical activities under the supervision of
a professional prehistoric archeologist, and one year of experience in
the study of the archeological resources of the prehistoric period must
have been at a supervisory level); and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Archeologists).
(B) Historical
The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Historical
Archeology, or a graduate degree in Archeology with a specialization in
Historical Archeology, or a graduate degree in a closely related field
(see Academic Background for Archeology), plus a minimum of two and
one-half (2\1/2\) years of full-time professional experience applying
the theories, methods, and practices of Archeology that enables
professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation,
documentation, registration, or treatment of historic archeological
properties in the United States and its Territories (at least six
months of experience must have been acquired in
[[Page 33713]]
the performance of field and analytical activities under the
supervision of a professional Historical Archeologist, and one year of
experience in the study of the archeological resources of the historic
period must have been at a supervisory level); and products and
activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired
proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for
Archeologists).
(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61, a person meeting this Standard
(either Prehistoric or Historic Archeology) is required as part of
the core staff for each State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
and as part of each State Review Board. Expertise described by this
standard is also needed for Tribal Preservation Office staff or
consultants of tribes that have executed a Memorandum of Agreement
to implement Section 101(d) of the National Historic Preservation
Act. It also may be needed for consultants hired with HPF grant
funds and for members of Certified Local Government Commissions.)
Archeology--Academic Background
Closely related fields: Anthropology, with a specialization in
Archeology, is the typical degree discipline for archeologists
practicing in the United States. One of the usual requirements for
receiving the degree is completion of an archeological field school in
which the student learns about techniques of survey, excavation, and
laboratory processing. However, degree programs have also been
established in Archeology, Cultural Resources Management, Historical
Archeology, and Public Archeology. Some Historical Archeology programs
are housed in History, Public History, or American Studies Departments.
For these degrees, a list of courses taken should be reviewed to
determine if the program is equivalent to that typically provided for a
degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Archeology, including
course work in archeological methods and theory, archeology of a
geographic region (e.g., North America), and the field school.
Discipline specializations: The most prevalent specializations in
Archeology include Historical Archeology or Prehistoric Archeology,
i.e., the specialization in resources of either the prehistoric period
or the historic period. These specializations necessarily require
expertise in different types of sites and different sources of
information about past human activities. For example, a prehistoric
archeologist usually requires a knowledge of environmental sciences,
while a historical archeologist needs to understand the techniques of
archival research. Additional specialized training and experience is
also required for those specializing in, for example, underwater
archeology, physical anthropology (human bones and burials), forensic
archeology, or zooarcheology (non-human bones). In addition,
archeologists typically specialize in the archeological resources of a
particular time period, geographic region, resource type, or research
subject.
Applying the Standard for Archeologist--Documenting Professional
Experience
A professional archeologist typically has experience in field
survey, site testing, site excavation, artifact identification and
analysis, documents research, and report preparation. Supervised field
experience as a graduate student may be counted as part of the overall
2\1/2\ year professional experience requirement.
A Prehistoric Archeologist meeting this Standard would document one
year of supervisory experience in the study of prehistoric
archeological sites; a Historical Archeologist would document one year
of supervisory experience in the study of sites of the historic period.
The two archeologist specializations of Prehistoric Archeology and
Historic Archeology are not interchangeable. Documentation to show that
someone qualifies in both Prehistoric and Historic Archeology should
include a minimum of one additional year of supervisory experience on
resources of the other specialty, for a total of 3\1/2\ years of
experience, with products and activities in both specializations.
Products and Activities.
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
Survey and excavation reports of cultural resource
management or Section 106 (or other compliance) projects. These reports
are typically called ``grey literature;'' they often have multiple
authors and are usually produced in limited quantities by consulting
firms.
National Register documentation resulting in property
listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Materials such as presentations, booklets, brochures,
lesson plans, or videos that interpret the results of archeological
investigation for the general public.
Publications including articles in professional journals,
monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to the
preservation of historic or archeological properties.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences related to the preservation of historic or
archeological properties.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
the preservation of historic or archeological properties.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it is not expected
that all of these products and activities will need to be documented in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several of these
products and activities would be more typical. However, if the
applicant were documenting professional experience in one of the
specializations, the majority of products and activities should reflect
that specialization.
Architectural History; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Architectural History is the study of the development of building
practices through written records and design and the examination of
structures, sites, and objects in order to determine their relationship
to preceding, contemporary, and subsequent architecture and events.
Standard for Architectural Historian
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Architectural History or a closely related field of
study (see Academic Background for Architectural History), plus a
minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying
the theories, methods, and practices of Architectural History that
enables professional judgments to be made about the identification,
evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment of historic
properties in the United States and its Territories; and products and
activities that demonstrate the successful application of acquired
proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Architectural
Historians); or * * *
(b) An undergraduate degree in Architectural History or a closely
[[Page 33714]]
related field of study (see Academic Background for Architectural
History), plus a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of
Architectural History that enables professional judgments to be made
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or
treatment of historic properties in the United States and its
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historians).
(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61, a person meeting this Standard is
required as part of the core staff for each State Historic
Preservation Office (SHPO) and as part of each State Review Board.
Expertise described by this standard is also needed for Tribal
Preservation Office staff or consultants of tribes that have
executed a Memorandum of Agreement to implement Section 101(d) of
the National Historic Preservation Act. It also may be needed for
consultants hired with HPF grant funds and for members of Certified
Local Government Commissions.)
Architectural History--Academic Background
Closely related fields: Professional Architectural Historians
typically receive their formal training through Architectural History,
Art History, or Historic Preservation programs, which include course
work in American Architectural History. Other fields of study may offer
relevant training, provided that course work in American Architectural
History is taken. These other fields may include American Studies,
American Civilization, Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban and
Regional Planning, American History, Historic Preservation, and Public
History.
Discipline specializations: Architectural Historians tend to be
generalists, although specializations within Architectural History are
typically based on time periods (such as 18th century), on a particular
architectural style (such as Georgian or vernacular), or a combination
of these (such as plantation architecture in the antebellum South).
Applying the Standard for Architectural Historian--Documenting
Professional Experience
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' A professional Architectural Historian typically has
expertise in research, survey, documentation, and evaluation, of
architectural resources, including buildings, structures, objects, and
districts. Documentation of such experience is desirable. Products and
activities that meet the appropriate Secretary's Standards for
Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
Survey reports assessing the significance of historic
properties.
Historic structure reports.
National Register documentation resulting in property
listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording
historic properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books, related to the preservation of historic
structures.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences related to the preservation of historic
structures.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
the preservation of historic structures.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that
specialization.
Conservation; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Conservation is the practice of prolonging the physical and
aesthetic life of prehistoric and historic material culture through
documentation, preventive care, treatment, and research.
Standard for Conservator
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Conservation or a graduate degree in a closely
related field of study with a certificate in Conservation (see Academic
Background for Conservation), plus a minimum of three (3) years of
full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and
practices of Conservation that enables professional judgments to be
made about the identification, evaluation, documentation or treatment
of objects associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Conservators); or * * *
(b) An undergraduate degree in Art History, or Natural or Physical
Science, or another closely related field to Conservation (see Academic
Background for Conservation), with an additional (3) years of full-time
enrollment in an apprenticeship program equivalent to graduate studies
in Conservation and supervised by a professional Conservator; plus a
minimum of three (3) years full-time professional experience applying
the theories, methods, and practices of Conservation that enables
professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation,
documentation, or treatment of objects associated with historic and
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for
Conservators).
Conservation--Academic Background
Closely related fields: Since Conservators tend to specialize in a
particular class of objects, closely related fields will be diverse,
and could include Art, Art Conservation, Art History, Architecture,
Historic Preservation, Museum Studies, Chemistry, Physics, Engineering
(or a related scientific field), Archeology, Anthropology, or other
fields related to the conservation specialization. If a closely related
field is being claimed, the degree in the closely related field should
be accompanied by a certificate in Conservation, or the completion of
course work equivalent to that typically offered in graduate
Conservation programs. This course work should include examination,
documentation, and treatment of objects; history and technology of
objects; and conservation science. In addition, such a program should
include the completion of a two-semester internship.
Discipline specializations: Professional conservators specialize in
the treatment and maintenance of a
[[Page 33715]]
specific class of objects or materials, such as archeological
artifacts, architectural elements or fragments, or collections, books,
ceramics, glass, decorative arts, ethnographic objects, furniture,
metals, paintings, paper, photographs, sculpture, and textiles. Some
conservators have studied more than one specialty, and have accumulated
experience which allows them to practice in several of these
specialties (although they are often closely related, such as books,
drawings, prints or paper; decorative arts and furniture; sculpture and
archeological artifacts). In these cases, the time period that
distinguishes the materials is often the specialty. Each of these
specialties requires focused training and experience, since each
represents unique problems which are not always necessarily shared with
other materials or time periods. Hence, a professional conservator
should be able to perform according to professional standards of
practice within the claimed area of specialty and should be both
capable and willing to recognize his or her limitations. The
professional conservator, moreover, should be generally knowledgeable
about the issues of other specialties and the benefit of effective
communication among the specialties. A broad understanding of the
general principles of the conservation discipline is paramount as well,
particularly in the area of technological and philosophical concerns
that govern the ethics of the profession.
A note on Conservation education: Many professional Conservators
received their training by serving apprenticeships with professional
Conservators. For some time, however, graduate conservation programs
have been established in academic institutions; these require an
internship in recognition of the critical importance of hands-on
training and experience in preparing students for professional
practice.
Applying the Standard for Conservator--Documenting Professional
Experience
A professional Conservator typically possesses specialized
technical skills and has experience in the examination, analysis,
documentation, treatment, and preventive care of a specific class, or
classes, of objects.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
A portfolio of current and past conservation work,
including written and photographic documentation.
Reports of examination, condition, or treatment of
objects.
Publications, which might include articles in professional
journals, monographs, books, or chapters in edited books, related to
the care and treatment of objects.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, workshops or other educational venues related
to the care and treatment of objects.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
the conservation of objects.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Futhermore, it should be understood
that not all of these products and activities are needed in order to
meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products and
activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that
specialization.
Cultural Anthropology; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Cultural anthropology is the description and analysis of cultural
systems, which include systems of behaviors (economic, religious,
social), values, ideologies, and social arrangements.
Standard for Cultural Anthropologist
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Anthropology with a specialization in Applied
Cultural Anthropology, or a closely related field (see Academic
Background for Cultural Anthropology), plus a minimum of two (2) years
of full-time professional experience (including at least six months of
field work supervised by a professional Cultural Anthropologist)
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Cultural Anthropology
that enables professional judgments to be made about the
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment
of historic, prehistoric, or traditional cultural properties in the
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Cultural Anthropologists); or * * *
(b) An undergraduate degree in Anthropology or a closely related
field (see Academic Background for Cultural Anthropology), with a
specialization in Applied Cultural Anthropology, plus a minimum of four
(4) years of full-time professional experience (including at least
twelve months of field work supervised by a professional Cultural
Anthropologist) applying the theories, methods, and practices of
Cultural Anthropology that enables professional judgments to be made
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or
treatment of historic, prehistoric, or traditional cultural properties
in the United States and its Territories; and products and activities
that demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies
in the discipline to the practice of historic preservation (See
Documenting Professional Experience for Cultural Anthropologists).
Cultural Anthropology--Academic Background
Closely related fields: A degree in Anthropology with a
specialization in Applied Cultural Anthropology is the typical degree
discipline for Cultural Anthropologists practicing in the United
States. Closely related fields of study may include Sociology, Cultural
Geography, Folklife, History, and American Studies.
Discipline specializations: Specializations in this discipline
include Applied Cultural Anthropology, and Social Anthropology (which
may be considered the most closely related to Cultural Anthropology;
some academic programs even combine them, referring to Sociocultural
Anthropology). Departments of Anthropology typically provide training
in Archeology, Physical Anthropology, Ethnography, and Sociocultural
Anthropology, and they may offer Applied Anthropology concentrations in
one or more of these fields. Professional Cultural Anthropologists tend
to specialize geographically (such as in the Southwest United States,
Micronesia or New England) or topically (such as Medical Anthropology
or Urban Anthropology), or in working with particular cultural or
linguistic groups (such as fishermen, Irish immigrants, or Northwest
Coast Indians).
[[Page 33716]]
Applying the Standard for Cultural Anthropologist--Documenting
Professional Experience
A professional Cultural Anthropologist typically has experience in
the use of ethnohistoric and ethnographic techniques, including
participant observation field work among one or more contemporary
ethnic groups. The typical Cultural Anthropologist would also have
performed field survey to identify and assess ethnographic resources,
which can include, in addition to historic and cultural places of
value, environmental features and places that have symbolic and other
cultural value for Native American and/or other ethnic communities. A
Cultural Anthropologist engaged in substantial ethnographic field work
should demonstrate professional experience in the relevant geographic
area and/or among the New World peoples, immigrant, ethnic, or minority
communities with whom they will work.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
Ethnographic field studies and survey reports, oral
histories, or social impact assessments.
National Register documentation of ethnographic resources
or traditional cultural properties resulting in property listings or
Determinations of Eligibility.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books, related to the documentation and preservation
of historic and archeological resources, and/or traditional cultural
properties.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops or exhibits related to
the documentation and preservation of historic and archeological
resources, and/or traditional cultural properties.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
the documentation and preservation of historic and archeological
resources.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Futhermore, it should be understood
that not all of these products and activities are needed in order to
meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products and
activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that
specialization.
Curation; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Curation is the practice of documenting, managing, preserving, and
interpreting museum collections according to professional museum and
archival practices.
Standard for Curator
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Museum Studies or a closely related field of study
(see Academic Background for Curation), plus a minimum of two (2) years
of full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods,
and practices of Curation that enables professional judgments to be
made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, preventive
care, or interpretation of collections associated with historic and
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Curators); or
* * *
(b) An undergraduate degree in Museum Studies or a closely related
field of study (see Academic Background for Curation), plus a minimum
of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the
theories, methods, and practices of Curation that enables professional
judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation,
documentation, preventive care, or interpretation of collections
associated with historic and prehistoric properties in the United
States and its Territories; and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Curator).
Curation--Academic Background
Closely related fields: A degree program called Museum Studies in
one academic institution might be called Museum Science or Museology in
another institution. Since Curators often specialize in particular
disciplines, those fields of study would be relevant provided that
theoretical as well as hands-on training was also obtained in museum
methods and techniques, including collections care and management.
Examples of relevant fields could include American Studies,
Anthropology, Archeology, Art History, Archival or Library Science,
History, Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Physics, Engineering, Geology,
Zoology, and other similar fields of study, depending upon the nature
of the collections to be curated.
Discipline specializations: Professional Curators tend to be
specialists in a particular academic discipline relevant to the
collections held by their institution or museum, which could include,
for example, 19th-century Hudson Valley School paintings, Southwest
Pueblo pottery, Civil War military uniforms, site-specific
archeological materials, or natural history specimens.
Applying the Standard for Curator--Documenting Professional Experience
A professional Curator typically has experience in managing and
preserving a collection according to professional museum and archival
practices. Cultural training should involve experience with the
chemical and physical properties of material culture, as well as
practical and legal aspects of health and safety, an understanding of
climate control systems, security, and conservation methods. The
Curator is directly responsible for the care and academic
interpretation of all objects, materials, and specimens belonging to or
lent to the museum; recommendations for acquisition, de-accession,
attribution and authentication; and research on the collections and the
publication of the results of that research. The Curator also may have
administrative and/or exhibition responsibilities.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
Exhibit catalogs and other scholarly reports.
Field or laboratory work that demonstrates ability to
conserve, document, or interpret archeological,
[[Page 33717]]
archival, or material culture objects or collections.
Plans or finding aids for the preservation or
documentation of museum collections.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books, related to the care and treatment of
archeological, archival, or material culture objects or collections.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to
the care and treatment of archeological, archival, or material cultural
objects or collections.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
the care and treatment of archeological, archival, or material culture
objects or collections.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that
specialization.
Engineering; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Engineering is the practice of applying scientific principles to
the research, planning, design, and management of structures and
machines such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, docks, locomotives, and
buildings, including their structural, electrical, or mechanical
systems. Historic Engineering involves specialized training in
engineering principles, theories, concepts, methods, and technologies
of the past, and appropriate methods of interpreting and preserving
historic engineered structures or machinery.
Standard for Engineer
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
State Government-recognized license to practice civil or structural
engineering, plus, a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of engineering
that enables professional judgments to be made about the documentation
or treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Engineers); or * * *
(b) A Masters of Civil Engineering degree with demonstrable course
work in Historic Preservation, for historic structures rehabilitation,
plus a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Engineering that
enables professional judgments to be made about the documentation or
treatment of historic structures and machines in the United States and
its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Engineers); or * * *
(c) A Bachelors of Civil Engineering degree with at least one year
of graduate study in History of Technology, Historic Preservation,
Engineering History, or a closely related field (see Academic
Background for Engineers), plus a minimum of two (2) years of full-time
professional experience applying the theories, methods and practices of
Engineering that enables professional judgments to be made about the
documentation or treatment of historic structures and machines in the
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Engineers).
(Note: Only persons who are licensed to practice Engineering in that
State may prepare and seal plans and specifications in order to
obtain construction permits, authorize payments to contractors, and
certify that the work is complete. However, State staff, State
Review Board members, and CLG staff or Commission members who are
not licensed, but who meet the Standard for Engineer under (b) or
(c) above, can review proposed and completed work for compliance
with the applicable Secretary's Standards for Tax Act, HPF Grant, or
other related programs.)
Engineering--Academic Background
Closely related fields: The Bachelor of Civil Engineering degree is
a five-year degree that is unlikely to include historic preservation
course work. The same is true of a Masters of Civil Engineering degree.
An Engineer with an Engineering degree is well grounded in all aspects
of engineering practice, including design, planning, construction
specifications, and contract administration. Although this background
is essential, additional training is needed in order to understand and
work with historic structures, sites, and machines, with their complex
material evolution and treatment problems. Specialized training, to
supplement that provided by the professional Engineering program,
should be acquired in such areas as American Architectural and
Engineering History, History of Technology, Architectural Preservation,
Conservation, Historic Construction Technologies, Historic Building
Materials, Historical Archeology, and Historic Preservation.
Discipline specializations: Civil Engineering, Electrical
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Structural Engineering are
typical specializations within the broader discipline of Engineering.
The two specializations most often used in historic preservation
projects are Civil and Structural Engineering. Occasionally, there may
be the need for a Mechanical Engineer to address issues concerning
historic machinery such as locomotives, steam engines, water turbines,
electric generators, and similar machines and equipment, or
particularly complex mechanical systems in a historic structure.
Applying the Standard for Engineer--Documenting Professional Experience
To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Engineer, an
individual must pass a written exam and successfully fulfill education,
training, and experience requirements. In addition, a professional
Historical Engineer has both theoretical knowledge and technical skill
associated with preserving historic structures and machines, and with
the application of Engineering theories, methods, and practices that
enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation,
documentation, or treatment of historic structures and machines in the
United States and its Territories. A professional Historical Engineer
typically has gained experience on structural preservation projects,
which have included research and detailed investigations of historic
structures or mechanical artifacts and preparation of recommendations
for the treatment of such properties in order to preserve them in
accordance with the appropriate Secretary's Standards for Archeology
and Historic Preservation (particularly the Secretary's Standards for
the Treatment of Historic Properties).
[[Page 33718]]
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the Secretary
Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
Plans and Specifications for the preservation,
rehabilitation, or restoration of historic structures, such as bridges,
dams, canal locks, and for the structural rehabilitation or seismic
stabilization of buildings.
Adaptive reuse or feasibility studies that make
recommendations for preserving or structurally stabilizing historic
structures, including bridges.
Historic Structure Reports or Condition Assessments of
historic structures or machines.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording
historic structures or machines.
Experience applying the Secretary of the Interior's
Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties to the review of
work on historic structures, sites or machines.
Awards for historic structure preservation,
rehabilitation, or restoration received from local, regional, national,
or international professional organizations.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books about the preservation of historic structures
or machines.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about the
preservation of historic structures or machines.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
the preservation of historic structures or machines.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical.
Folklore; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Folklore is the study and documentation of traditional, expressive
culture shared within various ethnic, familial, occupational,
religious, and regional groups.
Standard for Folklorist
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Folklore, Folklife Studies, Anthropology or a
closely related field of study (see Academic Experience for Folklore),
with a specialization in Folklore or Folklife Studies, plus a minimum
of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the
theories, methods, and practices of Folklore that enables professional
judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, or
documentation of folk cultures or lifeways associated with historic or
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Folklorists);
or * * *
(b) An undergraduate degree in Anthropology or a closely related
field of study (see Academic Experience for Folklore), plus a minimum
of four (4) years of full-time professional experience applying the
theories, methods, and practices of Folklore that enables professional
judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation, or
documentation of folk cultures or lifeways associated with historic or
prehistoric properties in the United States and its Territories; and
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation. (see Documenting Professional Experience for
Folklorists).
Folklore--Academic Background
Closely related fields: Typically, a professional Folklorist has a
graduate degree in Folklore or Folklife Studies, or from highly
specialized study within other disciplines such as Anthropology,
English, Linguistics, or Sociology, provided that such study included
training in theory, research and fieldwork techniques, and in the
diverse categories of expressive culture.
Discipline specializations: A graduate degree in Anthropology may
be combined with a specialization in Folklore and Folklife Studies.
Other specializations may include: English, Cultural Anthropology,
Ethnohistory, Ethnobotany, Ethnozoology, Ethnoarcheology, Cultural
Geography, Sociology, and Oral History.
A professional Folklore specialist, or Folklorist, may specialize
in any of the categories of traditional expressive culture, such as
music (ethnomusicology), spoken word traditions, material culture,
customs, or religious and belief systems; or specialization may focus
on the study of a particular contemporary group (such as the
Pennsylvania Amish) or region of the United States (such as
Appalachia).
Applying the Standard for Folklorist--Documenting Professional
Experience
A professional Folklorist typically demonstrates professional
knowledge and skills in established methods and techniques of folklore
and folklife research in the collection, evaluation, documentation,
analysis, and/or presentation of grassroots and traditional cultural
expression, including folk music, spoken word, dance, craftsmanship and
artistic traditions, folkways, customs, belief systems, traditional
foodways, and regional and/or occupational groups and communities.
Experience would typically include fieldwork, with on-site interviews,
observation, and documentation of contemporary human cultural
activities.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
Field studies and survey reports, oral histories, or
assessments of the significance of historic properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals; monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books, related to assessing the significance of
historic or traditional cultural properties.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, exhibitions, or other
educational venues related to analyzing cultural traditions in
evaluating the significance of historic or traditional cultural
properties.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
documenting and analyzing cultural traditions.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet
[[Page 33719]]
the Standard; rather, a combination of several products and activities
would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting professional
experience in one of the specializations, however, the majority of
products and activities would naturally reflect that specialization.
Historic Architecture; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Historic Architecture is the practice of applying artistic and
scientific principles to the research, planning, design, and management
of the built environment with specialized training in the principles,
theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving historic
buildings and structures.
Standard for Historical Architect
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
State Government-recognized license to practice Architecture, plus, a
minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying
the theories, methods, and practices of Architecture that enables
professional judgments to be made about the evaluation, documentation,
or treatment of historic structures in the United States and its
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historical Architects); or * * *
(b) A Masters of Architecture degree with demonstrable course work
in Architectural Preservation, Architectural History, Historic
Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning, or a closely related
field (see Academic Background for Historic Architecture), plus a
minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying
the theories, methods, and practices of Historic Architecture that
enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation,
documentation, or treatment of historic structures in the United States
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historical Architects); or * * *
(c) A Bachelors of Architecture degree with at least one year of
graduate study in Architectural Preservation, Architectural History,
Historic Preservation, Historic Preservation Planning, or a closely
related field (see Academic Experience for Historic Architecture), plus
a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional experience
applying the theories, methods and practices of Historic Architecture
that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation,
documentation, or treatment of historic structures in the United States
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historical Architects).
(Note: Only persons who are licensed to practice Architecture in
that State may prepare and seal plans and specifications in order to
obtain construction permits, authorize payments to contractors, and
certify that the work is completed. However, State staff, State
Review Board members, and CLG staff or Commission members who are
not licensed, but who meet the Standard for Historical Architect
under (b) or (c) above, can review proposed and completed work for
compliance with the applicable Secretary's Standards for Tax Act,
HPF Grant, or other related programs.)
Historic Architecture--Academic Background
Closely related fields: The Bachelor of Architecture degree is a
five-year degree that does not always include historic preservation
course work. The same may be true of a Masters of Architecture degree.
An Historical Architect is first an Architect and, as such, is well
grounded in all aspects of architectural practice, including
architectural design, planning, construction specifications, and
contract administration. Although this background is essential,
additional training is needed in order to understand and work with
historic structures, with their complex material evolution and
treatment problems. Specialized training, to supplement that provided
by the professional Architecture program, should be acquired in such
areas as American Architectural History, Architectural Preservation,
Conservation, Historic Construction Technologies, Historic Building
Materials, and Historic Preservation.
Discipline specialization: Historic Architecture is a
specialization within the broader discipline of Architecture.
Applying the Standard for Historical Architect--Documenting
Professional Experience
To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Architect,
an individual must pass a written exam and successfully fulfill
education, training, and experience requirements. In addition, a
professional Historical Architect has both theoretical knowledge and
technical skill associated with preserving historic structures, and
with the application of Architecture theories, methods, and practices
that enables professional judgments to be made about the evaluation,
documentation, or treatment of historic properties in the United States
and its Territories. A professional Historical Architect typically has
gained experience on structural preservation projects, which have
included research and detailed investigations of historic structures
and preparation of recommendations for the treatment of properties in
order to preserve them in accordance with the appropriate Secretary's
Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation (particularly the
Secretary's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties).
Products and activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the Secretary
Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
Plans and Specifications for the preservation,
rehabilitation, or restoration of historic structures.
Adaptive reuse or feasibility studies that make
recommendations for preserving historic structures.
Historic Structure Reports or Condition Assessments of
historic structures.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording
historic structures.
Experience applying the Secretary of the Interior's
Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties to the review of
work on historic structures.
Awards for historic structure preservation,
rehabilitation, or restoration received from local, regional, national,
or international professional organizations.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books about the preservation of historic structures.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about the
preservation of historic structures.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional,
national, or international professional organizations
[[Page 33720]]
concerned with the preservation of historic structures.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical.
Historic Landscape Architecture; Historic Preservation Professional
Qualification Standards
Historic Landscape Architecture is the practice of applying
artistic and scientific principles to the research, planning, design,
and management of both natural and built environments with specialized
training in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques
of preserving cultural landscapes.
Standard for Historical Landscape Architect
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
State Government-recognized license to practice Landscape Architecture,
plus, a minimum of two (2) years full-time professional experience
applying the theories, methods, and practices of Landscape Architecture
that enables professional judgments to be made about the
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment
of historic properties in the United States and its Territories; and
products and activities that demonstrate the successful application of
acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation (see Documenting Professional Experience for Historic
Landscape Architects); or * * *
(b) A Masters degree in Landscape Architecture with demonstrable
course work in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and
techniques of preserving cultural landscapes, plus a minimum or two (2)
years of full-time professional experience applying the theories,
methods, and practices of Landscape Architecture that enables
professional judgments to be made about the identification, evaluation,
documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the
United States and its Territories; and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Historic Landscape Architects); or * * *
(c) A four-year or five-year Bachelors degree in Landscape
Architecture, plus a minimum of three (3) years of full-time
professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices
of Landscape Architecture that enables professional judgments to be
made about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration,
or treatment of historic properties in the United States and its
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historic Landscape Architects).
(Note: Only persons who are licensed to practice Landscape
Architecture in that State may prepare and seal plans and
specifications in order to obtain construction permits, authorize
payments to contractors, and certify that the work is completed.
However, State staff, State Review Board members, and CLG staff or
commission members who are not licensed, but who meet the Standard
for Historical Landscape Architect under (b) or (c) above, can
review proposed and completed work for compliance with the
applicable Secretary's Standards for Tax Act, HPF Grant, Grant, or
other related programs.)
Historic Landscape Architecture--Academic Background
Closely related fields: Landscape Architecture is the typical
professional Bachelors degree, which is awarded after successful
completion of a four-year or five-year undergraduate program. However,
the Bachelors or Masters in Landscape Architecture may not always
include historic preservation course work. While the standard Landscape
Architecture degree program addresses all general aspects of landscape
architectural practice (including design, planning, construction
specifications, and professional practice), additional training is
needed for Historical Landscape Architects. They may need training in
landscape research, documentation, analysis, evaluation, and treatment
techniques. This additional training is achieved through additional
course work and/or professional experience.
Graduate study: The Masters in Landscape Architecture degree is the
typical graduate degree, which is awarded after successful completion
of a two-year or three-year graduate program. This degree should
include studies in the principles, theories, concepts, methods, and
techniques of preserving cultural landscapes. Course work may include
cultural geography; landscape history; archival research techniques;
historic preservation theory, principles, and practice; and
preservation technologies.
Discipline specialization: Historic Landscape Architecture is a
specialization within the broader field of Landscape Architecture.
Historical Landscape Architects should have completed training in the
principles, theories, concepts, methods, and techniques of preserving
cultural landscapes. Cultural landscape preservation focuses on
preserving a landscape's physical attributes, biotic systems, and use
(especially when that use contributes to its historical significance).
Graduate study and/or professional experience provides the specialized
training needed by the Historical Landscape Architect.
Applying the Standard for Historical Landscape Architect--Documenting
Professional Experience
To be licensed by a State Government as a professional Landscape
Architect, an individual typically must pass a written exam and
successfully fulfill education, training, and experience requirements.
In addition, an Historical Landscape Architect must have two years of
experience in the application of Landscape Architecture theories,
methods, and practices to the identification, evaluation,
documentation, registration, or treatment of historic properties in the
United States and its Territories. A professional Historical Landscape
Architect has both theoretical knowledge and technical skill associated
with the preservation of cultural landscapes in accordance with the
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation.
Cultural landscapes include historic sites, historic designed
landscapes, historic vernacular landscapes, and ethnographic
landscapes.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
Surveys and inventories of cultural landscapes.
Documentation of cultural landscapes that meets the
Secretary's Standards for Documentation.
National Register nominations or Determinations of
Eligibility for cultural landscapes.
Cultural Landscape treatment and maintenance plans.
Cultural Landscape Reports.
[[Page 33721]]
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books about cultural landscape preservation.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits about
cultural landscape preservation.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
cultural landscape preservation.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts associated with cultural landscape
preservation.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical.
Historic Preservation Planning; Historic Preservation Professional
Qualification Standards
Historic Preservation Planning, a specialization within Planning,
is the practice of identifying and carrying out particular goals and
strategies to protect historic and archeological resources at the
local, regional, State, or national level.
Standard for Historic Preservation Planner
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
State Government-recognized certification or license in Land-use
Planning, plus, minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic
Preservation Planning that enables professional judgments to be made
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration,
protection, or treatment of historic and archeological properties in
the United States and its Territories; and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Historic Preservation Planner); or * * *.
(b) A graduate degree in Planning with demonstrable course work in
Historic Preservation, or a graduate degree in a closely related field
of study with demonstrable course work in Historic Preservation (see
Academic Background for Historic Preservation Planning), plus a minimum
of two (2) years of full-time professional experience applying the
theories, methods, and practices of Historic Preservation Planning that
enables professional judgments to be made about the identification,
evaluation, documentation, registration, protection, or treatment of
historic and archeological properties in the United States and its
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historic Preservation Planner); or * * *.
(c) An undergraduate degree in Planning with demonstrable course
work in Historic Preservation or an undergraduate degree in a closely
related field of study with demonstrable course work in Historic
Preservation (see Academic Background for Historic Preservation
Planning), plus a minimum of four (4) years of full-time professional
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic
Preservation Planning that enables professional judgments to be made
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration,
protection, or treatment of historic and archeological properties in
the United States and its Territories; and products and activities that
demonstrate the successful application of acquired proficiencies in the
discipline to the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting
Professional Experience for Historic Preservation Planner).
Historic Preservation Planning--Academic Background
Closely related fields: Professional Historic Preservation Planners
typically receive their education through academic Planning programs,
although increasingly Historic Preservation programs are offering
Historic Preservation Planning as a concentration in which degrees are
awarded. Other fields that may be closely related, provided that
training relevant to Historic Preservation Planning is obtained,
include Historical or Cultural Geography, Architecture, Urban Design,
and Historic Preservation.
Discipline specializations: Historic Preservation Planning is a
specialization within the broader discipline of Planning. Other
specializations include Urban, City, Town, or Community Planning;
Regional Planning; Land Use Planning; Environmental Planning;
Recreation Planning; Transportation Planning; and Housing Planning.
Applying the Standard for Historic Preservation Planner--Documenting
Professional Experience
In order to receive a license or be registered or certified as a
professional Planner, an individual typically must pass a written exam
and have completed a specified number of years of experience. A
professional Historic Preservation Planner typically has gained
experience in data collection and analysis; survey and evaluation of
existing conditions; consultation with elected and appointed officials
and the general public; identification of alternative strategies;
enforcement or administration of relevant statutes and regulations; and
the preparation of planning documents.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
Preservation plans adopted by government officials; and/or
results of preservation planning studies incorporated into the local
comprehensive or master plan.
Ordinances for the protection of historic and/or
archeological resources.
Economic Feasibility Studies that make recommendations for
preserving historic or archeological properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books, related to preservation planning.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to
preservation planning.
Professional service on boards of committees or regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
preservation planning.
Planning awards received from local, regional, national,
or international professional organizations.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the
[[Page 33722]]
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that
specialization.
Historic Preservation; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification
Standards
Historic Preservation is the application of strategies that promote
the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration,
protection, treatment, continued use, and interpretation of prehistoric
and historic resources.
Standard for Historic Preservationist
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in Historic Preservation or a closely related field of
study (see Academic Background for the Historic Preservation
discipline), plus a minimum of two (2) years of full-time professional
experience applying the theories, methods, and practices of Historic
Preservation that enables professional judgments to be made about the
identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or treatment
of historic and prehistoric properties in the United States and its
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historic Preservationists); or * * *.
(b) An undergraduate degree in Historic Preservation or a closely
related field of study (see Academic Background for the Historic
Preservation discipline), plus a minimum of four (4) years of full-time
professional experience applying the theories, methods, and practices
of Historic Preservation that enables professional judgments to be made
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or
treatment of historic and prehistoric properties in the United States
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historic Preservationists).
Historic Preservation--Academic Background
Closely related fields: Various fields of study may be considered
closely related to Historic Preservation, such as American Studies,
Architecture, Architectural History, Archeology, History, and
Historical or Cultural Geography, provided that such programs of study
include course work in the history of the designed environment, history
and theory of preservation, historic preservation methods, techniques,
and legislation (Federal, State and local), plus a formal supervised
practicum or internship for hands-on application of knowledge and
technical skills in the field.
Discipline specializations: While most Historic Preservationists
tend to be generalists, many specialize in such areas as Architectural,
Landscape, and Community Design, Historic Building Technology,
Preservation Economics, Preservation Law, Historic Preservation
Planning, and Site Interpretation and Management.
Applying the Standard for Historic Preservationist--Documenting
Professional Experience
A professional Historic Preservationist typically has experience
that demonstrates a well-grounded understanding of the principles,
practices, laws and regulations, and diverse resources of historic
preservation.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation of historic or archeological resources.'' Products and
activities that meet the appropriate Secretary's Standards for
Archeology and Historic Preservation may include:
National Register documentation that has resulted in
property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Survey reports assessing the significance of historic
properties.
Historic Structure Reports.
Adaptive reuse plans or feasibility studies that make
recommendations for preserving historic properties.
Written opinions that have been accepted that assess the
impact that an undertaking will have on historic or archeological
properties.
Historic District Ordinances that have been adopted by a
local government.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording
historic properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books, related to historic preservation.
Presentations at regional, national, or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to
historic preservation.
Professional service on boards or committees or regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
historic preservation.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that
specialization.
History; Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards
History is the study of the past through written records, oral
history, and material culture and the examination of that evidence
within a chronological or topical sequence in order to interpret its
relationship to preceding, contemporary and subsequent events.
Standard for Historian
(a) The applicant, employee, consultant, or advisor will have a
graduate degree in History or a closely related field of study (see
Academic Background for History), plus a minimum of two (2) years of
full-time professional experience applying the theories, methods, and
practices of History that enables professional judgments to be made
about the identification, evaluation, documentation, registration, or
treatment of historic properties in the United States and its
Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historians); or * * *
(b) An undergraduate degree in History or a closely related field
of study (see Academic Background for History), plus a minimum of four
(4) years of full-time professional experience applying the theories,
methods, and practices of History that enables professional judgments
to be made about the identification, evaluation, documentation,
registration, or treatment of historic properties in the United States
and its Territories; and products and activities that demonstrate the
successful application of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to
the
[[Page 33723]]
practice of historic preservation (see Documenting Professional
Experience for Historians).
(Note: Pursuant to 36 CFR part 61 a person meeting this Standard is
required as part of the core staff for each State Historic
Preservation Office (SHPO) and as part of each State Review Board.
Expertise described by this standard is also needed for Tribal
Preservation Office staff or consultants of tribes that have
executed a Memorandum of Agreement to implement Section 101(d) of
the National Historic Preservation Act. It also may be needed for
consultants hired with HPF grant funds and for members of Certified
Local Government Commissions.)
History--Academic Background
Closely related fields: For this Standard, the professional degree
is typically awarded in History, American History, or Public History.
Relevant training can be obtained in programs of American Studies,
American Civilization, Historical or Cultural Geography, Anthropology,
Ethnohistory, and Historic Preservation, providing that course work is
offered in historical research methods and techniques. Education in the
social and cultural history of countries other than North America may
be relevant when dealing with the histories of immigrant, ethnic or
minority groups in the United States.
Discipline specializations: Professional Historians tend to
concentrate their education and experience in one of the many
chronological, regional, and topical specializations within American
History (such as colonial history, southern history, community history,
women's history, military history, history of technology, or industrial
history).
Applying the Standard for Historian--Documenting Professional
Experience
A professional Historian has experience in archival and primary
documents research, evaluating and synthesizing this information, and
preparation of scholarly narrative histories. Historic research
experience in countries other than North America may be relevant when
researching the histories of immigrant, ethnic or minority groups in
the United States of America.
Products and Activities
Professional experience and expertise must be documented through
``products and activities that demonstrate the successful application
of acquired proficiencies in the discipline to the practice of historic
preservation.'' Products and activities that meet the appropriate
Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation may
include:
National Register documentation that has resulted in
property listings or Determinations of Eligibility.
Documentation that meets HABS/HAER standards for recording
historic properties.
Survey reports assessing the significance of historic
properties.
Publications, which might include articles in regional,
national, or international professional journals, monographs, books, or
chapters in edited books, related to documenting and evaluating the
significance of historic properties.
Presentations at regional, national or international
professional conferences, symposia, workshops, or exhibits related to
documenting and evaluating historic properties.
Professional service on boards or committees of regional,
national, or international professional organizations concerned with
documenting and evaluating the significance of historic properties.
Awards, research grants, research fellowships, or
invitations to teaching posts.
This list is not comprehensive. Furthermore, it should be
understood that not all of these products and activities are needed in
order to meet the Standard; rather, a combination of several products
and activities would be more typical. If the applicant were documenting
professional experience in one of the specializations, however, the
majority of products and activities would naturally reflect that
specialization.
Sources of Additional Information--Professional Organizations
The following organizations may be contacted to request additional
information about the specific disciplines, college and university
departments, workshops, and conferences and publications about the
practice of each discipline.
American Anthropological Association, 4350 North Fairfax Drive,
Suite 630, Arlington, VA 22203-1621
American Association of Museums, P.O. Box 4002, Washington, D.C.
20042-4002
American Association for State Federal and Local History, 530 Church
Street, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37219-2325
American Cultural Resources Association, c/o New South Associates,
6150 Ponce de Leon Avenue, Stone Mountain, GA 30083
American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
20540-8100
American Historical Association, 400 A Street, SE., Washington, D.C.
20003
American Institute for the Conservation of Historic & Artistic
Works, 1717 K Street, NW., Suite 301, Washington, D.C. 20006
American Institute of Architects, 1735 New York Avenue, NW.,
Washington, D.C. 20006
American Institute of Certified Planners, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue,
NW., Washington, D.C. 20036
American Planning Association, 122 S. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1200,
Chicago, IL 60603-6107
American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive,
Reston, VA 20191-4400
American Society of Landscape Architects, 4401 Connecticut Avenue,
NW.,Washington, D.C. 20008-2302
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield,
NJ 07007-2900
American Studies Association, 1120 19th Street, NW., Suite 301,
Washington, D.C. 20036
Association for Preservation Technology, P.O. Box 3511,
Williamsburg, VA 23187
Association of American Geographers, 1710 16th Street, NW.,
Washington, D.C. 20009
Center for Museum Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Arts and
Industries Building, Suite 2235, MRC, 427, Washington, D.C. 20560
The Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 445 Hoes
Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331
National Council on Preservation Education, c/o Center for Historic
Architecture and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
19716
National Council on Public History, 327 Cavanaugh Hall-IUPUI, 425
University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5140
National Society of Professional Engineers, 1420 King Street,
Alexandria, VA 22314-2794
National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue,
NW., Washington, D.C. 20036
Organization of American Historians, 112 North Bryan Street,
Bloomington, IN 47408-4199
Society for American Archaeology, 900 2nd Street, NE., Suite 12,
Washington, D.C. 20002
Society for Applied Anthropology, P.O. Box 24083, Oklahoma City, OK
73124
Society of Architectural Historians, Charnley-Persky House, 1365
North Astor Street, Chicago, IL 60610-2144
Society for Historical Archeology, P.O. Box 30446, Tucson, AZ 85751
Society of Professional Archeologists, Department of Anthropology,
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275
Dated: June 12, 1997.
Katherine H. Stevenson,
Associate Director, Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnerships,
National Park Service.
[FR Doc. 97-16168 Filed 6-19-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-70-P