[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 106 (Tuesday, June 3, 1997)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 30291-30296]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-14441]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 86

[FRL-5833-8]


Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles and New Motor 
Vehicle Engines; Increase of the Vehicle Mass for 3-Wheeled Motorcycles

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: Today's action proposes to change the regulatory definition of 
a motorcycle to include 3-wheeled vehicles weighing up to 1749 pounds 
effective for 1997 and later model year motorcycles for which emission 
standards are in place.
    The action proposed today is anticipated to create no detrimental 
health effects, and will therefore retain the health benefits derived 
from the current motorcycle regulations in effect.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before August 4, 1997 or 30 days 
after the date of the public hearing, if one is held. If a public 
hearing is requested, EPA will conduct a public hearing on this Notice 
of Proposed Rulemaking on July 3, 1997 at 10:00 AM at the Courtyard by 
Marriott, 3205 Boardwalk, Ann Arbor, Michigan. To request a hearing, 
notify the person listed in the ``For Further Information Contact'' 
section within 15 days after the publication date of this action. If a 
request is received by this time, a public hearing will be held. 
Contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 
section to find out if a hearing will be held. Further information on 
the public hearing can be found in Supplementary Information, Section 
V.B., Public Hearing.

ADDRESSES: Materials relevant to this Rulemaking are contained in 
Docket No.

[[Page 30292]]

A-96-49. The docket is located at the Air Docket section, 401 M Street 
SW., Washington, DC 20460, and may be viewed in room M-1500 between 
8:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. The telephone number is 
(202) 260-7548 and the facsimile number is (202) 260-4400. A reasonable 
fee may be charged by EPA for copying docket material.
    All written comments must be identified with the appropriate docket 
number (Docket No. A-96-49) and must be submitted in duplicate to the 
address listed above, with a complimentary copy to Frank Lamitola at 
the address listed below.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frank Lamitola, Vehicle Programs and 
Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2565 
Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105. Telephone (313) 668-4479.
Email [email protected]. Fax (313) 741-7869.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Regulated Entities

    Entities potentially regulated by this action are motorcycle and 
motor vehicle manufacturers. Tabulated entities include the following:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Examples of regulated   
                 Category                             entities          
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry..................................  Motorcycle          
                                             manufacturers.             
                                            Manufacturers of 3- 
                                             wheeled vehicles.          
                                            Importers of        
                                             motorcycles.               
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this 
action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware 
could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities 
not listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether 
your facility is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine 
the criteria contained in section 86.402 of title 40 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations, as modified by today's action. If you have 
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular 
entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT section.

Electronic Availability

    Electronic copies of the preamble and the regulatory text of this 
proposed rulemaking are available via the EPA internet web site. This 
service is free of charge, except for any cost you already incur for 
internet connectivity. The official Federal Register version is made 
available on the day of publication on the primary EPA web site listed 
below. The EPA Office of Mobile Sources also publishes these notices on 
the secondary web site listed below:

EPA internet web site http://www.epa.gov/docs/fedrgstr/EPA-AIR/ (either 
select desired date or use Search feature)
OMS web site http://www.epa.gov/OMSWWW/ (look in ``What's New'' or 
under the specific rulemaking topic)
    Please note that due to differences between the software used to 
develop the document and the software into which the document may be 
downloaded, changes in format, page length, etc. may occur.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction and Background
II. Requirements of the Proposed Rule
III. Discussion of Issues
    A. Impact on Automotive Industry
    B. Revision to Test Procedures
IV. Cost Effectiveness
V. Public Participation
    A. Comments and the Public Docket
    B. Public Hearing
VI. Administrative Requirements
    A. Executive Order 12866
    B. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
    C. Impact on Small Entities
    D. Unfunded Mandates Act

I. Introduction and Background

    Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to promulgate 
emission standards for motor vehicles, including motorcycles. Section 
202 (a)(3)(E) of the Act requires that EPA, when setting emission 
standards for motorcycles, ``consider the need to achieve equivalency 
of emission reductions between motorcycles and other motor vehicles to 
the maximum extent practicable.'' EPA has promulgated emission 
standards and accompanying regulations controlling emissions from new 
motorcycles. See 42 FR 1122 (January 5, 1977). These regulations 
included the definition of ``motorcycle.'' EPA originally proposed a 
definition of ``motorcycle'' which would have included any 3-wheeled 
vehicle ``which is not a passenger car or passenger car derivative'' 
regardless of weight. 1 Adverse public comment was received 
stating that some small 3-wheeled vehicles share characteristics of a 
passenger car as well as a motorcycle and therefore much confusion 
would arise as to whether that vehicle should be regulated as a 
passenger car or a motorcycle. EPA agreed with these comments, and 
revised its definition of motorcycle in the final rule to be any 2-
wheeled vehicle or any 3-wheeled vehicle with a curb mass less than or 
equal to 680 kilograms (1499 pounds). Any 3-wheeled vehicle over that 
weight would be classified and regulated as a passenger car. The weight 
was chosen because it was typical of the weight of 3-wheeled motor 
vehicles available on the market at that time, and did not approach the 
weight of light duty vehicles of the time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ On October 22, 1975, a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) 
was published in the Federal Register (40 FR 49496) for the control 
of exhaust and crankcase emissions from new motorcycles. In the 
NPRM, ``motorcycle'' was proposed to be defined as ``any motor 
vehicle designed to operate on not more than three wheels (including 
any tricycle arrangement) in contact with the ground which is not a 
passenger car or passenger car derivative.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In 1995, EPA was informed by a manufacturer of 3-wheeled vehicles 
that a competitor was allegedly selling vehicles over the weight limit, 
and that the manufacturer also wished to produce heavier 3-wheeled 
vehicles. The market for 3-wheeled vehicles, according to the 
manufacturer, was demanding more amenities which added weight, such as 
air conditioning, power windows, etc. EPA was requested to consider 
raising the weight limit to accommodate the market demand. EPA's 
primary concern with such a change is that there is not much room for 
increase before there would be overlap between motorcycles and light 
duty vehicles. Raising the weight limit significantly could result in 
allowing a 3-wheeled vehicle to pollute much more than a car when it 
could weigh as much as a car, have all the amenities of a car, and be 
used much in the same way as a car. This would not be in keeping with 
the CAA mandate to consider the need to achieve equivalency of emission 
reductions between motorcycles and other motor vehicles to the maximum 
extent practicable. EPA believes it is appropriate to propose raising 
the weight limit to 1749 pounds because it is still low enough to 
preclude creating a new market for 3-wheeled vehicles being built as 
passenger cars.2 The 1749 pound limit is about 60 pounds 
lower than the lowest weight passenger car being sold in the U.S. today 
and is substantially lower than the average weight of about 2900 pounds 
for the sub-compact class of cars sold in the U.S.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Currently, 3-wheeled vehicles are primarily used in special 
applications, such as police use, postal service, and recreation-
type use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA acknowledges that market-driven changes can occur in the 
automotive

[[Page 30293]]

industry, and that it should accommodate such changes to the extent 
practicable, providing that emission and health benefits are not 
compromised. It is EPA's opinion that the number of 3-wheeled vehicles 
affected by this action (i.e., falling between 1499 pounds and 1749 
pounds) is going to be very small. Currently, EPA is aware of only two 
companies certifying 3-wheeled vehicles (Cushman and Westward 
Industries, Inc.), with a combined annual 3-wheeled vehicle production 
of less than 1000 units. Furthermore, these affected vehicles are 
substantially similar to and likely to be used much in the same way as 
those 3-wheeled vehicles previously regulated as motorcycles. 
Therefore, EPA believes that increasing the weight limit for 3-wheeled 
vehicles by 250 pounds will not compromise air quality or health 
benefits based on the current market for these vehicles. The health 
benefits currently achieved by the motorcycle emission standards are 
anticipated to remain, and not be adversely impacted by raising the 
weight limit of 3-wheeled vehicles. EPA requests comments about the 
potential for the weight increase to substantially increase the number 
of such vehicles being sold in the U.S., or the manner in which they 
are used.

II. Requirements of the Proposed Rule

    EPA is proposing to increase the weight limit for 3-wheeled 
motorcycles from 1,499 pounds (680 Kg) to 1,749 pounds (793 Kg). EPA is 
also amending the motorcycle testing procedures to account for the 
increase in weight.

III. Discussion of Issues

A. Impact on automotive industry

    The Agency believes that today's proposal will not create a new 
market for 3-wheeled vehicles that are similar to automobiles but can 
be certified as motorcycles, primarily because the weight increase 
being proposed is small, the sales volume of these vehicles is small, 
and the additional weight is not overlapping with weights of light duty 
passenger cars. However, the Agency has some concerns that the proposed 
weight increase may create the possibility that smaller 4-wheeled 
vehicles could be converted into 3-wheeled passenger vehicles for the 
purposes of circumventing light duty vehicle emissions standards, and 
requests comments on this issue. If, during the comment period, new 
information comes to light about additional 3-wheeled vehicles being 
introduced into the U.S. market as a result of the increased weight 
limit, EPA may reconsider or revise this proposal.

B. Revisions to test procedures.

    The original test procedures for motorcycles included a table to 
determine the road load force and inertia weight used for dynamometer 
testing. This table included values for loaded vehicle mass of up to 
760 Kg. With today's proposal, the table has been expanded to included 
values for loaded vehicle mass up to 870 Kg. To arrive at the values 
added to this table, EPA extrapolated the data from the existing table. 
An option exists in the current regulations which allows the 
manufacturer to perform an actual vehicle road load measurement as 
outlined under 40 CFR 86 Sec. 529(c), which EPA is not proposing to 
change.

IV. Cost Effectiveness

    No added costs will be incurred by the manufacturers of 3-wheeled 
vehicles as a result of this proposal. The proposed weight change will 
allow manufacturers to produce heavier 3-wheeled vehicles, presumably 
allowing them to add options which will make the vehicles more 
marketable.
    Based on EPA's current knowledge about the size of the affected 
market, the ramifications on emissions are likely to be very small. By 
increasing the weight limit, 3-wheeled vehicles weighing between 1499 
and 1749 pounds will now be permitted to comply with motorcycle 
standards, rather than the light duty vehicles standards, which are 
significantly more stringent. (It should be noted that to date, no 3-
wheeled vehicles have been certified to light duty vehicle standards.) 
EPA requests comments on the potential impact of the proposal on future 
production of 3-wheeled vehicles.

V. Public Participation

A. Comments and the Public Docket

    EPA requests comments on all aspects of this proposed Rulemaking. 
Commenters are especially encouraged to give suggestions for changing 
any aspects of the proposal. All comments, with the exception of 
proprietary information should be addressed to the EPA Air Docket 
Section, Docket No. A-96-49 (see ADDRESSES).
    Commenters who wish to submit proprietary information for 
consideration should clearly separate such information from other 
comments by (1) labeling proprietary information ``Confidential 
Business Information'' and (2) sending proprietary information directly 
to the contact person listed (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) and 
not to the public docket. This will help insure that proprietary 
information is not inadvertently placed in the docket. If a commenter 
wants EPA to use a submission labeled as confidential business 
information as part of the basis for the final rule, then a 
nonconfidential version of the document, which summarizes the key data 
or information, should be sent to the docket.
    Information covered by a claim of confidentiality will be disclosed 
by EPA only to the extent allowed and by the procedures set forth in 40 
CFR Part 2. If no claim of confidentiality accompanies the submission 
when it is received by EPA, the submission may be made available to the 
public without notifying the commenters.

B. Public Hearing

    EPA will conduct a public hearing if one is requested, as discussed 
in the DATES section above. Anyone wishing to present testimony about 
this proposal at the public hearing should, if possible, notify the 
contact person (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) at least seven 
days prior to the day of the hearing. The contact person should be 
given an estimate of the time required for the presentation of 
testimony and notification of any need for audio/visual equipment. 
Testimony will be scheduled on a first come, first served basis. A 
sign-up sheet will be available at the registration table the morning 
of the hearing for scheduling those who have not notified the contact 
earlier. This testimony will be scheduled on a first come, first served 
basis to follow the previously scheduled testimony.
    EPA requests that approximately 50 copies of the statement or 
material to be presented be brought to the hearing for distribution to 
the audience. In addition, EPA would find it helpful to receive an 
advanced copy of any statement or material to be presented at the 
hearing at least one week before the scheduled hearing date. This is to 
give EPA staff adequate time to review such material before the 
hearing. Such advanced copies should be submitted to the contact person 
listed.
    The official records of the hearing will be kept open for 30 days 
following the hearing to allow submission of rebuttal and supplementary 
testimony. All such submittals should be directed to the Air Docket 
Section, Docket No. A-96-49 (see ADDRESSES). The hearing will be 
conducted informally, and technical rules of evidence will not apply. A 
written transcript of the hearing will be placed in the above docket 
for review. Anyone desiring to purchase a copy of the transcript should 
make individual arrangements with the court reporter recording the 
proceedings.

[[Page 30294]]

VI. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the 
Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' 
and therefore subject to OMB review and the requirements of the 
Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as 
one that is likely to result in a rule that may:
    (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or 
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities;
    (2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an 
action taken or planned by another agency;
    (3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, 
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients 
thereof; or,
    (4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal 
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in 
the Executive Order.
    It has been determined that this rule is not a ``significant 
regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is 
therefore not subject to OMB review.

B. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

    This regulation does not impose any new information collection 
requirements and results in no change to the currently approved 
collection. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the 
information collection requirements contained in this rule under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and 
has assigned OMB control number 2060-0104.
    Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources 
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or 
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time 
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize 
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and 
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and 
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to 
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; 
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; 
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; 
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
    An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number.
    The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations are listed in 40 CFR 
Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.

C. Impact on Small Entities

    EPA has determined that it is not necessary to prepare a draft 
regulatory flexibility analysis in connection with this proposed rule. 
This rule will not have a significant adverse economic impact because 
it will increase the weight limit on these vehicles, thereby allowing 
the manufacturers of three-wheeled vehicles to produce these vehicles 
within the weight limit of 1749 pounds (793 Kg). This weight increase 
will allow manufacturers of vehicles near the existing limit of 1499 
pounds (680 Kg) to provide more options on those vehicles and thus 
share the existing market with competing entities fairly. EPA has 
identified only two manufacturers currently manufacturing such 
vehicles. Therefore, the Administrator certifies that this regulation 
does not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

D. Unfunded Mandates Act

    Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 
(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), signed into law on March 22, 1995, EPA 
must prepare a budgetary impact statement to accompany any proposed or 
final rule that includes a Federal mandate that may result in estimated 
costs to State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate; or to 
the private sector, or $100 million or more. Under Section 205, EPA 
must select the most cost effective and least burdensome alternative 
that achieves the objectives of the rule and is consistent with 
statutory requirements. Section 203 requires EPA to establish a plan 
for informing and advising any small governments that may be 
significantly or uniquely impacted by the rule.
    EPA has determined that the final approval action promulgated today 
does not include a Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs 
of $100 million or more to either State, local, or tribal governments 
in the aggregate, or to the private sector.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 86

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Motor vehicle pollution.

    Dated: May 23, 1997.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
    For the reasons set out in the preamble, part 86 of title 40 of the 
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:

PART 86--CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM NEW AND IN-USE MOTOR 
VEHICLES AND NEW AND IN-USE MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINES: CERTIFICATION 
AND TEST PROCEDURES

    1. The authority citation for Part 86 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart E--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, 
General Provisions--[Amended]

    2. A new section 86.402-97 is added to read as follows:


Sec. 86.402-97  Definitions.

    The definitions of 86.402-78 remain effective. The definition in 
this section is effective beginning with the 1997 model year.
    Motorcycle means any motor vehicle with a headlight, taillight, and 
stoplight and having: Two wheels, or Three wheels and a curb mass less 
than or equal to 793 kilograms (1749 pounds).
    3. Paragraph (d) of Sec. 86.406-78 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 86.406-78  Introduction, structure of subpart, further 
information.

* * * * *
    (d) Manufacturers who are considering an application should 
contact: Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division, 
Environmental Protection Agency, 2565 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 
48105 and state whether he/she plans to certify for total sales of 
greater than or less than 10,000 vehicles for the applicable model 
year.

Subpart F--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles; 
Test Procedures--[Amended]

    4. Paragraph (c) of Sec. 86.518-78 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 86.518-78  Dynamometer calibration.

* * * * *
    (c) The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer 
coastdown at one or more inertia-horsepower settings and comparing the 
coastdown time to the table in Figure F97-9 of Sec. 86.529-97. If the 
coastdown time is outside the tolerance, a new calibration is required.
    5. A new Sec. 86.529-97 is added to read as follows:

[[Page 30295]]

Sec. 86.529-97  Road load force and inertia weight determination.

    (a) Road load as a function of speed is given by the following 
equation:

F = A + CV2

The values for coefficients A and C and the test inertia are given in 
Figure F97-9. Velocity V is in km/h and force (F) is in newtons. The 
forces given by this equation shall be simulated to the best ability of 
the equipment being used.
    (b) The inertia given in Figure F97-9 shall be used. Motorcycles 
with loaded vehicle mass outside these limits shall be tested at an 
equivalent inertial mass and road load force specified by the 
Administrator.

                                                  Figure F97-9                                                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Force coefficients                  70 to 60 km/h coastdown    
                                               ----------------------                   calibration times       
                                                                                --------------------------------
                                    Equivalent                         Force at              Allowable tolerance
     Loaded vehicle mass (kg)        inertial              C (nt/(km/  65 km/h     Target  ---------------------
                                     mass (kg)    A (nt)      h)2)       (nt)       time     Longest    Shortest
                                                                                   (sec)       time       time  
                                                                                              (sec)      (sec)  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95-105............................         100        0.0      .0224       94.8       2.95        3.1        2.8
106-115...........................         110       0.82      .0227       96.8       3.18        3.3        3.0
116-125...........................         120       1.70      .0230       98.8       3.39        3.6        3.2
126-135...........................         130       2.57      .0233      100.9       3.60        3.8        3.4
136-145...........................         140       3.44      .0235      102.9       3.80        4.0        3.6
146-155...........................         150       4.32      .0238      104.9       3.99        4.2        3.8
156-165...........................         160       5.19      .0241      107.0       4.10        4.4        4.0
166-175...........................         170       6.06      .0244      109.0       4.36        4.6        4.2
176-185...........................         180       6.94      .0246      111.0       4.53        4.7        4.3
186-195...........................         190       7.81      .0249      113.1       4.69        4.9        4.5
196-205...........................         200       8.69      .0252      115.1       4.85        5.1        4.6
206-215...........................         210       9.56      .0255      117.1       5.00        5.2        4.8
216-225...........................         220      10.43      .0257      119.2       5.15        5.4        4.9
226-235...........................         230      11.31      .0260      121.2       5.30        5.5        5.1
236-245...........................         240      12.18      .0263      123.2       5.43        5.7        5.2
246-255...........................         250      13.06      .0266      125.3       5.57        5.8        5.4
256-265...........................         260      13.93      .0268      127.3       5.70        5.9        5.5
266-275...........................         270      14.80      .0271      129.3       5.82        6.1        5.6
276-285...........................         280      15.68      .0274      131.4       5.95        6.2        5.7
286-295...........................         290      16.55      .0277      133.4       6.06        6.3        5.8
296-305...........................         300      17.43      .0279      135.4       6.18        6.4        6.0
306-315...........................         310      18.30      .0282      137.5       6.29        6.5        6.1
316-325...........................         320      19.17      .0285      139.5       6.40        6.6        6.2
326-335...........................         330      20.05      .0288      141.6       6.50        6.7        6.3
336-345...........................         340      20.92      .0290      143.6       6.60        6.8        6.4
346-355...........................         350      21.80      .0293      145.6       6.70        6.9        6.5
356-365...........................         360      22.67      .0296      147.7       6.80        7.0        6.6
366-375...........................         370      23.54      .0299      149.7       6.89        7.1        6.7
376-385...........................         380      24.42      .0301      151.7       6.98        7.2        6.8
386-395...........................         390      25.29      .0304      153.8       7.07        7.3        6.9
396-405...........................         400      26.17      .0307      155.8       7.16        7.4        6.9
406-415...........................         410      27.04      .0310      157.8       7.24        7.5        7.0
416-425...........................         420      27.91      .0312      159.9       7.33        7.6        7.1
426-435...........................         430      28.79      .0315      161.9       7.41        7.6        7.2
436-445...........................         440      29.66      .0317      163.7       7.49        7.7        7.3
446-455...........................         450      30.54      .0318      164.9       7.61        7.8        7.4
456-465...........................         460      31.41      .0319      166.0       7.73        8.0        7.5
466-475...........................         470      32.28      .0319      167.1       7.84        8.1        7.6
476-485...........................         480      33.16      .0320      168.3       7.95        8.2        7.7
486-495...........................         490      34.03      .0320      169.4       8.06        8.3        7.8
496-505...........................         500      34.90      .0321      170.5       8.17        8.4        7.9
506-515...........................         510      35.78      .0322      171.7       8.28        8.5        8.0
516-525...........................         520      36.65      .0322      172.8       8.39        8.6        8.2
526-535...........................         530      37.53      .0323      173.9       8.49        8.7        8.3
536-545...........................         540      38.40      .0323      175.1       8.60        8.8        8.4
546-555...........................         550      39.27      .0324      176.2       8.70        9.0        8.5
556-565...........................         560      40.15      .0325      177.3       8.80        9.1        8.6
566-575...........................         570      41.02      .0325      178.5       8.90        9.2        8.7
576-585...........................         580      41.90      .0326      179.6       9.00        9.3        8.8
586-595...........................         590      42.77      .0327      180.8       9.10        9.4        8.9
596-605...........................         600      43.64      .0327      181.9       9.19        9.5        8.9
606-615...........................         610      44.52      .0328      183.0       9.29        9.5        9.0
616-625...........................         620      45.39      .0328      184.2       9.38        9.6        9.1
626-635...........................         630      46.27      .0329      185.3       9.47        9.7        9.2
636-645...........................         640      47.14      .0330      186.4       9.56        9.8        9.3
646-655...........................         650      48.01      .0330      187.6       9.65        9.9        9.4
656-665...........................         660      48.89      .0331      188.7       9.74       10.0        9.5
666-675...........................         670      49.76      .0332      189.8       9.83       10.1        9.6
676-685...........................         680      50.64      .0332      191.0       9.92       10.2        9.7

[[Page 30296]]

                                                                                                                
686-695...........................         690      51.51      .0333      192.1      10.01       10.3        9.8
696-705...........................         700      52.38      .0333      193.2      10.09       10.4        9.8
706-715...........................         710      53.26      .0334      194.4      10.17       10.4        9.9
716-725...........................         720      54.13      .0335      195.5      10.26       10.5       10.0
726-735...........................         730      55.01      .0335      196.6      10.34       10.6       10.1
736-745...........................         740      55.88      .0336      197.8      10.42       10.7       10.2
746-755...........................         750      56.75      .0336      198.9      10.50       10.8       10.2
756-765...........................         760      57.63      .0337      200.1      10.58       10.9       10.3
766-775...........................         770      58.50      .0338      201.2      10.66       10.9       10.3
776-785...........................         780      59.38      .0338      203.3      10.74       11.0       10.4
786-795...........................         790      60.25      .0339      204.5      10.82       11.1       10.5
796-805...........................         800      61.12      .0339      205.6      10.91       11.2       10.6
806-815...........................         810      62.00      .0340      206.7      10.99       11.3       10.7
816-825...........................         820      62.87      .0341      207.9      11.07       11.4       10.8
826-835...........................         830      63.75      .0341      209.0      11.15       11.5       10.8
836-845...........................         840      64.62      .0342      210.1      11.24       11.5       10.9
846-855...........................         850      65.49      .0343      211.3      11.32       11.6       11.0
856-865...........................         860      66.37      .0343      212.4      11.40       11.7       11.1
866-873...........................         870      67.24      .0344      213.5      11.48       11.8       11.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) The dynamometer shall be adjusted to reproduce the specified 
road load as determined by the most recent calibration. Alternatively, 
the actual vehicle road load can be measured and duplicated:
    (1) Make at least 5 replicate coastdowns in each direction from 70 
to 60 km/h on a smooth, level track under balanced wind conditions. The 
driver must have a mass of 80 10 kg and be in the normal 
driving position. Record the coastdown time.
    (2) Average the coastdown times. Adjust the dynamometer load so 
that the coastdown time is duplicated with the vehicle and driver on 
the dynamometer.
    (3) Alternate procedures may be used if approved in advance by the 
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 97-14441 Filed 6-2-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P