[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 91 (Monday, May 12, 1997)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 25998-26040]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-11636]



[[Page 25997]]

_______________________________________________________________________

Part II





Environmental Protection Agency





_______________________________________________________________________



40 CFR Part 148, et al.



Land Disposal Restrictions Phase IV: Treatment Standards for Wood 
Preserving Wastes, Paperwork Reduction and Streamlining, Exemptions 
From RCRA for Certain Processed Materials; and Miscellaneous Hazardous 
Waste Provisions; Final Rule



Second Supplemental Proposal on Treatment Standards for Metal Wastes 
and Mineral Processing Wastes, Mineral Processing and Bevill Exclusion 
Issues, and the Use of Hazardous Waste as Fill; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and 
Regulations  

[[Page 25998]]



ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 148, 261, 268, and 271

RIN 2050 AE05
[FRL 5816-5]


Land Disposal Restrictions--Phase IV: Treatment Standards for 
Wood Preserving Wastes, Paperwork Reduction and Streamlining, 
Exemptions From RCRA for Certain Processed Materials; and Miscellaneous 
Hazardous Waste Provisions

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, the Agency).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Agency is finalizing treatment standards for hazardous 
wastes generated from wood preserving operations, and is making a 
conforming amendment to the standard for wastes from production of 
chlorinated aliphatics which carry the F024 hazardous waste code. These 
treatment standards will minimize threats to human health and the 
environment posed by these wastes. In addition, this final rule revises 
the land disposal restrictions (LDR) program to significantly reduce 
paperwork requirements by 1.6 million hours. This rule also finalizes 
both the decision to employ polymerization as an alternative method of 
treatment for certain ignitable wastes as well as the decision not to 
ban certain wastes from biological treatment because there is no need 
to classify these wastes as ``nonamenable.'' It also clarifies an 
exception from LDR requirements for de minimis amounts of 
characteristic wastewaters. Finally, this rule excludes processed 
circuit boards and scrap metal from RCRA regulation which is intended 
to promote the goal of safe recycling.

EFFECTIVE DATE: This final rule is effective on August 11, 1997 except 
Secs. 148.18(b) and 268.30(b), which are effective on May 12, 1999.

ADDRESSES: The public docket for this rulemaking is available for 
public inspection at EPA's RCRA Docket, located at Crystal Gateway, 
First Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, Virginia. The 
regulatory docket for this final rule contains a number of background 
materials. To obtain a list of these items, contact the RCRA Docket at 
703-603-9230 and request the list of references in EPA Docket #F-97-
PH4F-FFFFF.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: The RCRA Hotline between 9:00 a.m.-
6:00 p.m. EST, toll-free, at 800-424-9346; (703) 412-9810 from 
Government phones or if in the Washington, DC local calling area; or 
800-553-7672 for the hearing impaired. For more detailed information on 
specific aspects of the rulemaking, contact the Waste Treatment Branch 
(5302W), Office of Solid Waste (OSW), U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460; phone (703) 308-8434. 
For technical information on the treatment standards for wood 
preserving wastes, ask for Nick Vizzone; for information on paperwork 
reduction and clean-up of Part 268, call Rhonda Minnick at (703) 308-
8771 or Nick Vizzone at (703) 308-8460. Contact Kristina Meson at (703) 
308-8488 for information on the exclusions for scrap metal and shredded 
circuit boards. Call Pan Lee at (703) 308-8478 for information on the 
capacity analyses. For questions on the regulatory impact analyses, 
contact Paul Borst at (703) 308-0481. For other questions, call Sue 
Slotnick at (703) 308-8434.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Availability of Rule on Internet

    This rule is available on the Internet. Please follow these 
instructions to access the rule electronically: From the World Wide Web 
(WWW), type http://www.epa.gov/rules and regulations. In addition, 
several technical background documents contained in the docket 
supporting this rule will be available on the Internet at http://
www.epa.gov/offices and regions/oswer.

Table of Contents

I. Background
II. Potentially Regulated Entities
III. New Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment Standards for Wastes 
from Wood Preserving (Waste Codes F032, F034, and F035) and Revised 
Treatment Standard for Chlorinated Aliphatics Waste (F024)
    A. Summary
    B. Determination of BDAT
    1. General
    2. F032 wastewaters
    3. F034 wastes
    4. F035 wastes
    C. Alternative Combustion Treatment Standard for Dioxins and 
Furans in F032
    1. Today's action
    2. Background
    3. Summary of Phase IV NODA for F032
    4. Review of Major Comments on Phase IV NODA and Promulgation of 
A Modified Version of Suboption Three
    5. Revised Treatment Standard for F024 Wastes
    D. Soil and Debris Contaminated with Wood Preserving Wastes
    1. Summary of comments
    2. LDR Requirements Do Apply to Contaminated Media
    3. Technology- versus Risk-based Treatment Limits
    4. UTS Limits and the Performance of Remedial Treatment 
Technologies
IV. Improvements to the Land Disposal Restrictions Program
    A. Significant Reduction in LDR Paperwork
    1. Background
    2. Discussion of Specific Paperwork Changes
    B. Clean-up of LDR Requirements in 40 CFR 268
    1. Section 268.1
    2. Section 268.4
    3. Section 268.5
    4. Section 268.7
    5. Section 268.9
    6. References to section 268.32
    7. Sections 268.34-268.37
    8. References to sections 268.41-268.43
    9. Appendices
    C. Clarifications of Point of Generation
    1. General Discussion
    2. Boiler Cleanout
    3. Sludge From High TOC (Total Organic Carbon) D001 Treated in 
Tank Based Systems
    4. Tank Rinsate
    D. POLYM Method of Treatment for High-TOC (Total Organic Carbon) 
Ignitable D001 Wastes
    E. Decision to Retain Current Treatment Standard for Multi-
Source Leachate (Waste Code F039)
V. Status of Proposed Provisions on Leaks, Sludges, and Air 
Emissions from RCRA-Equivalent Treatment of Decharacterized 
Wastewaters in Clean Water Act Surface Impoundments
VI. Decision Not to Ban Nonamenable Wastes from Biological Treatment
VII. Capacity Determinations For Wood Preserving Wastes
    A. Introduction
    B. Available Capacity
    1. Thermal Treatment
    2. Stabilization
    3. Wastewater Treatment
    C. Required Capacity and Comparison with Available Capacity
    D. Mixed Radioactive Wastes
    E. Phase IV Wood Preserving Wastes Injected Into Underground 
Injection Control (UIC) Class I Wells Injected into Class I Wells
    F. Summary of Variance Determinations
VIII. Changes to Definition of Solid Waste to Exclude Processed 
Scrap Metal and Shredded Circuit Boards From RCRA Jurisdiction
    A. Processed Scrap Metal
    1. Summary of Proposal
    2. Modifications to the proposal
    B. Shredded Circuit Boards
    1. The Proposal
    2. Exclusion For Shredded Circuit Boards Conditioned On 
Containerized Storage Prior To Recovery
    3. Limitation on Mercury Switches, Mercury Relays, Nickel-
Cadmium Batteries and Lithium Batteries
    4. Clarification of regulatory status of secondary materials 
associated with the generation or management of circuit boards.
IX. State Authority

[[Page 25999]]

    A. Applicability of Rules in Authorized States
    B. Abbreviated Authorization Procedures
    C. Effect on State Authorization
    D. Less stringent requirements
X. Regulatory Requirements
    A. Regulatory Impact Analysis Pursuant to Executive Order 12866
    1. Methodology Section
    2. Volume Results
    3. Cost Results
    4. Economic Impact Results
    5. Benefit Estimate Results
    B. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
    C. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
    D. Paperwork Reduction Act
XI. Environmental Justice
    A. Applicability of Executive Order 12898
    B. Potential Effects
XII. Submission to Congress and General Accounting Office

I. Background

    In the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of the 
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Congress specified that 
land disposal of hazardous waste is prohibited unless the waste meets 
treatment standards established by EPA. HSWA requires that treatment 
standards must substantially diminish the toxicity or mobility of 
hazardous waste, so that short and long term threats to human health 
and the environment are minimized. The treatment standards are part of 
the Land Disposal Restrictions Program.
    Today's final rule is one part of the collection of land disposal 
restrictions (LDR) rules known as ``Phase IV.'' They are the latest in 
a series of LDR rules that establish treatment standards for newly 
listed and identified wastes, and that resolve other hazardous waste 
matters.
    EPA proposed the Phase IV rule in two proposed rules (60 FR 43654, 
August 22, 1995; and 61 FR 2338, January 25, 1996), and subsequently 
issued a Notice of Data Availability on Phase IV issues (61 FR 21418, 
May 10, 1996). The attached rule finalizes portions of those earlier 
proposals. Other proposed revisions are in a second supplemental 
proposed rule elsewhere in this Federal Register.
    EPA estimates that the directly measurable benefits associated with 
the land disposal restrictions treatment standards in this rule are 
limited relative to the costs that may be incurred. Therefore, the 
relative priority of addressing these risks could be questioned. 
However, we do not believe, for this specific action, that a simple 
cost effectiveness measure alone provides a sufficient basis for 
decision-making. As discussed below, the preference for permanent 
treatment of hazardous wastes is part of the basic policy structure 
which Congress enacted when it amended RCRA in 1984, and reflects 
concern over the technological uncertainties regarding risks and long 
term protectiveness of land disposal and the intent to assure that 
waste management practices are protective for future generations.
    The whole premise of the LDR legislation is that risks posed by 
land disposal of hazardous wastes are inherently uncertain to evaluate 
and that land-based units are incapable of long term containment. Land 
disposal units (such as landfills, surface impoundments, and waste 
piles) are engineered units that can and have failed in the past with 
significant consequences to human health and the environment. For this 
reason, Congress required that hazardous wastes be pretreated before 
disposal by ``treatment [which] should be the best that has been 
demonstrated to be achievable.'' Congressional Record of July 25, 1984 
(S9178). The technology-based approach of the land disposal 
restrictions provides a measure of insurance against the potential for 
failure in these land based units.
    Given these facts, and evident Congressional intent, EPA continues 
to believe that the LDR prohibitions and treatment standards are 
justified in many instances. EPA sets treatment standards that reduce 
toxicity and mobility of hazardous constituents (or require recycling), 
and EPA also requires that the treated wastes be placed in reasonably 
secure land disposal units. However, EPA does believe that, in some 
situations, the current LDR rules may not provide the optimum 
regulatory approach. In those situations, EPA will look to other 
mechanisms to address those relatively low risk scenarios.

II. Potentially Regulated Entities

    Entities potentially regulated by this final rule vary according to 
the section of the rule. The following table breaks down the categories 
industries that may be regulated according to each major section. The 
table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to provide a guide 
for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this action. 
This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware could 
potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not 
listed in the table could also be regulated.

                       Table of Entities--Potentially Affected by the Phase IV Final Rule                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Examples of entities potentially
            Section of the rule                           Category                          affected            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Addition to 40 CFR Sec.  268.40--Treatment   Wood Preserving Hazardous Waste    Any person that generates over  
 standards for wood preserving wastes.        Generators.                        100kg of F032, F034, or F035.  
                                             Hazardous Waste Treatment          Facilities that treat F032,     
                                              Facilities.                        F034, or F035.                 
Modifications to 40 CFR Sec.  268.7--Waste   Hazardous Waste Generators.......  Any person who generates over   
 Analysis and Recordkeeping.                                                     100kg of prohibited hazardous  
                                                                                 waste, or over 1 kg of acute   
                                                                                 hazardous waste in a calendar  
                                                                                 month.                         
                                             Hazardous Waste Treatment          Facilities permitted under 40   
                                              Facilities.                        CFR Part 270 for incinerators, 
                                                                                 surface impoundments, and/or   
                                                                                 land treatment facilities.     
                                             Hazardous Waste Disposal           Facilities permitted under 40   
                                              Facilities.                        CFR Part 270 for landfills, and/
                                                                                 or injection wells.            
Addition of Secs.  261.4(a)(12) and          Scrap Metal and/or Circuit Board   Persons who generate scrap      
 261.4(a)(13)--Exclusion from the             Generators.                        metal, as defined under 40 CFR 
 definition of solid waste for excluded                                          Sec.  261.1(c)(6) (e.g., Die   
 scrap metal and shredded circuit boards.                                        Casters, Metal Stampers,       
                                                                                 Machining Parts).              
                                             Scrap Metal Salvage and Storage    Facilities that store scrap     
                                              Yards.                             metal, but do not generate or  
                                                                                 recycle.                       

[[Page 26000]]

                                                                                                                
                                             Scrap Metal Recyclers............  Facilities that process scrap   
                                                                                 metal as defined in 40 CFR Sec.
                                                                                  261.1(c)(10).                 
                                             Circuit Board Shredders..........  Facilities that shred circuit   
                                                                                 boards.                        
Point of generation; Decision not to ban     Hazardous Waste Generators.......  Any person who generates over   
 nonamenable wastes.                                                             100kg of prohibited hazardous  
                                                                                 waste, or over 1 kg of acute   
                                                                                 hazardous waste in a calendar  
                                                                                 month.                         
                                             Hazardous Waste Treatment          Facilities that perform         
                                              Facilities.                        biological treatment in surface
                                                                                 impoundments.                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. New Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment Standards for Wastes From 
Wood Preserving (Waste Codes F032, F034, and F035) and Revised 
Treatment Standard for Chlorinated Aliphatics Waste (F024)

A. Summary

    EPA is promulgating UTS limits as the treatment standards for the 
hazardous constituents in wood preserving wastes F032, F034, and F035, 
as proposed. (See 60 FR 43654, August 24, 1995; 60 FR 546451, October 
25, 1995; and 61 FR 21417, May 10, 1996.) In addition, EPA is 
establishing a compliance alternative for dioxin and furan (D/F) 
constituents in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F032, namely 
allowing use of a method of treatment--combustion--for these 
constituents. Thus, if this method of treatment is utilized, combustion 
residues would not have to be analyzed for D/F constituents. The 
alternative is only available for F032 residues from units subject to 
the standards in Part 264 subpart O or Part 266 subpart H, or from 
interim status incinerators which have made a specific demonstration 
that they operate in a manner equivalent to a Part 264 or Part 266 
combustion unit. EPA also is amending the treatment standard previously 
established for F024 wastes. EPA is adopting the alternative compliance 
standard for F032 as the standard for F024. The practical effect of 
this change will be to limit somewhat the type of facilities that can 
combust F024.

B. Determination of BDAT

1. General
    EPA has determined that combustion (CMBST) represents BDAT for 
organics in nonwastewater forms of F032 and F034 (i.e., the treatment 
standards are based on the performance of combustion technology). For 
organics in wastewater forms of F032 and F034, EPA has determined that 
a single treatment technology or a normal wastewater treatment train 
can meet the treatment standards promulgated today. As explained in the 
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology Background Document for 
Wood Preserving Wastes--F032, F034, and F035 (Wood Preserving 
Background Document for this rule), EPA has determined that wastewater 
treatment technologies such as biological treatment, steam stripping, 
carbon adsorption, or combinations of these technologies can treat 
organics regulated in F032 and F034 to the concentration levels 
promulgated today. These wastewater treatment technologies are 
available to, or in use at, existing wood preserving facilities.
    For metals in nonwastewater forms of F032, F034, and F035, EPA has 
determined that the promulgated treatment standards can be based on 
(slag) vitrification for arsenic and on stabilization for chromium 
(total). The treatment standard for arsenic also can be achieved using 
stabilization treatment (see the Wood Preserving Background Document). 
For wastewater forms of F032, F034, and F035, EPA has determined that 
treatment levels can be achieved by lime addition followed by 
sedimentation and filtration for arsenic, and by chemical precipitation 
followed by sedimentation for chromium. (Of course, since no method of 
treatment is required to be used under the promulgated treatment 
standards, any type of treatment other than impermissible dilution may 
be used to achieve these concentration levels.)
2. F032 Wastewaters
    Some commenters felt that the limits proposed for D/F in F032 
wastewaters, namely the existing UTS limits, were not achievable. 
Commenters felt that EPA's own wastewater characterization data showed 
that the D/F concentrations in untreated F032 wastewaters were orders 
of magnitude higher than the untreated concentrations in the wastewater 
samples used in establishing the UTS limits. They also emphasized that 
biological treatment normally removes D/F constituents in the order of 
78% of influent pollutants and thus, may yield an effluent with higher 
concentrations than those proposed by EPA.
    EPA has examined the available data on the characterization of 
F032, prevailing management practices for wastewaters as difficult to 
treat as F032, and for wastewaters managed by biological treatment 
systems. EPA acknowledges that the concentrations of D/F in F032 
wastewaters, as generated, are much higher than those treated by the 
biological treatment system supporting the existing UTS limits for D/F. 
However, based on the available data on wastewater treatment practices 
at wood preserving facilities, EPA believes that prevailing wastewater 
treatment practices can be optimized or upgraded to meet the D/F limits 
promulgated for F032 wastewaters. As explained in the BDAT Background 
Document, pretreatment steps can be, and are, used to reduce influent 
concentrations to biotreatment units to levels comparable to those on 
which the treatment standards are based, and EPA believes the same 
level of performance is achievable for wood preservers. (See the wood 
preserving background document and the BDAT response to comments 
document for additional discussion on EPA's rationale and data review.)
    Another commenter asked EPA to withdraw its proposal for the 
regulation of D/F constituents in F032 wastewaters. The commenter 
believes that the regulation of PCP and polynuclear aromatic 
hydrocarbons (PAH) can ensure the reduction of D/F in F032 wastewaters. 
The commenter also submitted data with regard to concentrations of D/F, 
PCP, and PAH analytes in two effluent F032 wastewaters treated by 
activated carbon adsorption. These data appear to support the 
commenter's statement that monitoring of PCP and PAHs may serve as a 
surrogate candidate for the reduction of D/F levels in these particular 
effluent wastewaters. However, EPA lacks data to determine if the 
alternative surrogate constituents

[[Page 26001]]

proposed for regulation can also serve as surrogates for monitoring the 
treatment of D/F in wastewater treatment effluents resulting from other 
treatment technology trains that may achieve the proposed UTS, and has 
therefore chosen not to adopt this suggestion.
3. F034 Wastes
    Some commenters objected to EPA's proposed regulation of arsenic 
and chromium in F034 wastes, but their arguments were not persuasive. 
One argument was that F034 wastes typically do not contain arsenic and 
chromium and that they should only be regulated if chromated copper 
arsenate (CCA) is used at the facility generating F034 at 
concentrations exceeding treatment standards. EPA's data supporting the 
listing of F034 wastes in fact show that arsenic and chromium are 
frequently present in F034. (See Background Document Supporting the 
Final Listing for Wastes from Wood Preserving Processes, November, 
1990.) Further, EPA determined that these two metal constituents are 
toxic and that their concentrations in untreated F034 wastes also 
supported the listing of these wastes as RCRA hazardous waste F034. 
(See Background Document Supporting the Final Listing for Wood 
Preserving Wastes from Wood Preserving, November, 1990; 55 FR 50458-59, 
December 6, 1990; and 53 FR 53299-300, Table 13, December 30, 1988.) 
Because treatment of organic constituents in F034 may not reduce the 
mobility of these metals, EPA is promulgating treatment standards that 
will assure that the mobility of these metal constituents is reduced 
prior to disposal, consistent with a core LDR requirement to develop 
treatment standards which ``substantially reduce the likelihood of 
migration of hazardous constituents from the waste * * *''. RCRA 
section 3004(m)(1). Furthermore, EPA points out that treaters of this 
waste can address the monitoring of these metal constituents in their 
permit Waste Analysis Plans (WAP). See 55 FR at 22669, June 1, 1990; 
Chemical Waste Management v. EPA, 976 F.2d 2, 31 (D.C. Cir. 1992); 
cert. denied 113 S.Ct. 1961 (1993).
4. F035 Wastes
    Other commenters were concerned with the achievability of arsenic 
limits in wastewater and nonwastewater forms of F035. One commenter was 
concerned that EPA was mandating the use of vitrification as opposed to 
setting a numerical limit. Other commenters felt that vitrification is 
an inappropriate technology for setting arsenic treatment limits and 
that EPA should set, instead, UTS limits that are based on the 
performance of stabilization technologies.
    None of these commenters have submitted treatment performance data 
supporting their inability to meet the proposed UTS limits, nor have 
they documented that their waste will behave differently when treated 
by stabilization or vitrification practices. The treatment technology 
supporting numerical limits for arsenic in nonwastewater forms of F032 
is vitrification. However, EPA believes that arsenic limits can also be 
achieved via stabilization based on treatment data supporting the 
promulgation of the UTS limit for arsenic (see Final Best Demonstrated 
Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Universal Standards 
Volume A: Universal Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of Listed 
Hazardous Wastes). In addition, today's promulgated treatment levels do 
not preclude the use of other treatment alternatives such as 
stabilization, as long as such alternatives do not constitute land 
disposal or impermissible dilution. As a result, EPA is promulgating 
treatment limits for arsenic as proposed.

C. Alternative Combustion Treatment Standard for Dioxins and Furans in 
F032

1. Today's Action
    This notice establishes combustion (defined at 40 CFR 268.42, Table 
1, CMBST) as an alternative compliance treatment standard option for D/
F in F032. Combustion is the basis for the D/F numerical limits, and 
properly conducted combustion should effectively destroy D/F 
constituents, If this method of treatment is used to treat F032 in 
certain specified combustion devices, there is no need to monitor 
compliance with the D/F numerical limits established for D/F 
constituents. However, all other organic and metal constituents will 
require monitoring prior to disposal. This approach is patterned after 
EPA's promulgation of a similar alternative treatment standard for D/F 
in F024 (wastes from production of chlorinated aliphatics). See 55 FR 
22580-81, June 1, 1990. EPA discussed this approach in detail in a 
Notice of Data Availability (NODA) that appeared in the Federal 
Register on May 10, 1996 (61 FR 21418).
    In general, EPA is providing a method of treatment as an 
alternative to actual D/F measurement that will be equally protective, 
and will assure availability of effective treatment for these wastes. 
The alternative, namely not providing the alternative treatment 
standard, leaves open the real possibility of these wastes being 
refused treatment, an environmentally worse result. EPA also notes that 
its experience with F024 waste treatment, for which there is a parallel 
treatment regime, has been satisfactory: these wastes are effectively 
treated by combustion technology, and sufficient treatment capacity has 
remained available once EPA promulgated the alternative treatment 
standard which did not require analysis of D/F in treatment residues.
2. Background
    EPA proposed numerical treatment standards for F032 constituents on 
August 22, 1995. Several members of the regulated community expressed 
concern that EPA's proposal to regulate D/F constituents in F032 may 
result in problems finding treatment facilities willing to accept the 
waste. D/F are very controversial hazardous waste constituents that 
often trigger public opposition if documented at any concentrations 
regardless of the estimated risks presented. D/F monitoring also adds 
significantly to monitoring costs. See generally, 55 FR at 22580-81. 
Commenters emphasized that owners and operators of combustion devices 
had informed them that their combustion facilities will not accept F032 
if EPA requires the monitoring of D/F in combustion residues. Further, 
commenters noted that if combustion is conducted properly, analysis of 
D/F is unnecessary.
    The American Wood Preservers Institute (AWPI) and the Penta Task 
Force asked EPA to consider establishing an alternative treatment 
standard that sets a method of treatment as an alternative to the 
numerical limits for D/F in F032.
    The Penta Task Force submitted data to show that the concentrations 
of D/F in F032 are substantially lower than those EPA reported in the 
F032 Listing Background Document. They stated their belief, along with 
AWPI, that D/F in F032 should be regulated like D/F in F024.
3. Summary of Phase IV NODA for F032
    EPA examined these new data and concerns and proposed in the NODA 
to codify combustion (CMBST) as an alternative method of treatment for 
D/F in F032. EPA also requested comments on potential regulatory 
controls on combustion devices to assure that D/F destruction is 
conducted only in well-designed and well-operated combustion devices. 
EPA proposed three regulatory suboptions for implementing a CMBST 
standard. One suboption was to merely apply the existing F024 
alternative

[[Page 26002]]

combustion treatment standard to F032 with applicable regulatory 
controls in Part 264, 265, or 266. The second suboption was to revise 
the alternative D/F standard for F024, and establish for F024 and F032, 
a CMBST standard alternative, that would limit the combustion of F032 
and F024 to RCRA permitted or interim status combustion devices which 
have demonstrated the ability to achieve a dioxin toxicity equivalent 
(TEQ) air emission discharge limit of 0.2 ng/dscm. The third suboption 
was to revise the F024 standard, and to establish an alternative 
standard for F024 and F032 that limits the combustion of F024 and F032 
to RCRA permitted combustion devices. (In all of these options, and in 
today's final rule, the restriction on types of devices applies only to 
facilities opting to comply with the D/F standard without analyzing 
treatment residues.)
4. Review of Major Comments on Phase IV NODA and Promulgation of A 
Modified Version of Suboption Three
    The majority of commenters supported the proposed compliance 
alternative setting CMBST as a method of treatment for D/F. In 
addition, the majority of commenters preferred suboption 1 (i.e., allow 
combustion in a RCRA interim status or permitted device) to ensure that 
combustion is conducted in well-designed and well-operated devices. A 
significant number of commenters also were concerned that adoption of 
suboption 3 may have excluded the use of well-designed and well-
operated interim status combustion devices operated under the Part 266 
rules applicable to boilers and industrial furnaces.
    The majority of commenters argued that it would be premature for 
the Agency to adopt suboption 2 whereby a D/F emission limit of 0.2 ng/
dscm TEQ would be established given that the Agency has only recently 
proposed such an emission standard for hazardous waste burning 
incinerators, cement, and lightweight aggregate kilns under the maximum 
achievable control technology (MACT) rule. See 61 FR 17358 (April 19, 
1996).1 The Agency believes that this concern is warranted 
given that EPA has received substantial comments on whether that 
standard is appropriate for those devices and has not made a final 
decision as to an appropriate standard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Also available via Internet: ``http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/
cmbust.htm''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency believes that suboption 3 (i.e., allow combustion of 
FO24 and FO32 only in RCRA-permitted devices), as proposed, was too 
restrictive. EPA agrees with the commenters that interim status boilers 
and industrial furnaces operated under Part 266 should qualify for the 
proposed alternative CMBST compliance standard as well. These devices 
are subject to interim status combustion controls which limit carbon 
monoxide (CO) or total hydrocarbon levels (THC) in combustion gases, 
thus ensuring that the devices operate under good combustion 
conditions. The standards also can include explicit control of D/F 
under specified conditions (see section 266.103 (c)(1)). Although these 
controls do not provide the explicit demonstration of destruction of 
toxic organics in the waste feed that the DRE (Destruction and Removal 
Efficiency) for permitted combustion devices standard provides, the 
Agency believes that they establish good combustion, and may, in some 
cases, provide even better assurance of operations under good 
combustion conditions than the bare DRE standard.
    Accordingly, the Agency believes that it is not necessary to 
restrict burning to RCRA-permitted devices because boilers and 
industrial furnaces operating under interim status are required to 
operate under good combustion conditions which should ensure 
destruction of toxic organic compounds in the waste feed.
    The Agency acknowledges that ensuring that the combustion device 
operates under good combustion conditions (i.e., either under a DRE 
standard or by limiting carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon 
levels (THC) in stack gas) may not necessarily ensure control of D/F 
emissions. This is because D/F can be formed in the post-combustion 
zone of the device--in the duct work and particulate matter control 
devices that operate at temperatures above 350 deg.F. Boilers and 
industrial furnaces operating under these conditions must comply with 
specific D/F emission standards. (See 40 CFR 266.103(c)(1) and 
266.104(e).) In addition, under existing Omnibus permit authority, 
permit writers have the authority, if the permitting authority 
demonstrates that it is necessary to protect human health and the 
environment (RCRA section 3005(c)(3)), to impose operating requirements 
more stringent than those authorized by regulations. This authority 
could be invoked (assuming the requisite showing is made) to justify 
controls on permitted hazardous waste incinerators.
    EPA currently lacks similar Omnibus permit authorities for 
incinerators regulated under Part 265, Subpart O. In addition, unlike 
the standards for interim status boilers and industrial furnaces, the 
interim status standards for hazardous waste incinerators do not 
contain controls on good combustion (i.e., CO or THC controls), a DRE 
requirement, or explicit standards for D/F. EPA is concerned, 
therefore, that the combustion of F032 and F024 in Part 265 
incinerators may not consistently achieve the treatment objectives 
sought by the alternative combustion compliance treatment standard. As 
a result, EPA cannot support the promulgation of suboption 1 for 
incinerators operated under Part 265. (See also 265.352(a), forbidding 
combustion of the acutely hazardous D/F-containing wastes in interim 
status hazardous waste incinerators.)
    Although EPA's finding here is that the interim status incinerator 
standards may be inadequate for qualifying for a CMBST treatment 
standard for D/F, EPA believes that on an ad-hoc basis, a site-specific 
determination can be made pursuant to 40 CFR Part 268.42(b) to extend 
the availability of a ``CMBST'' treatment standard to an individual 
interim status incinerator. The availability of a CMBST treatment 
standard to a facility combusting F032 or F024 in a Part 265 
incinerator will require the accomplishment of a two-step process. One 
step is for the facility to demonstrate to a regional or state official 
that the combustion of D/F in F032 (or F024, if applicable) at the 
facility uses controls to assure good combustion and control of D/F. 
These would typically be the CO/THC standards and D/F standards found 
in Part 266. The second step is that the facility solicits from EPA's 
Headquarters an equivalent treatment determination under Part 
268.42(b). (EPA believes both steps are necessary because normally some 
type of direct interaction with the Region or State with the facility 
is needed to evaluate performance of the combustion process, and the 
treatment equivalency administrative process remains an EPA 
Headquarters task.)
5. Revised Treatment Standard for F024 Wastes
    The current F024 treatment standard requires CMBST as a method of 
treatment, which, under the definition at 268.42, Table 1, allows 
combustion in Part 265 Subpart O interim status incinerator (along with 
other types of combustion devices). Today's rule makes the treatment 
standard for F024 identical to today's alternative combustion standard 
for F032. The existing standard allows combustion in permitted units or 
interim status incinerators (Part 265 subpart O). The new standard 
would require that an interim status incinerator receive a

[[Page 26003]]

determination of equivalent treatment under 268.42(b), as described for 
the F032 standard above. As described above, this restricts the burning 
to facilities with combustion controls that ensure proper destruction 
of D/F.

D. Soil and Debris Contaminated With Wood Preserving Wastes

1. Summary of Comments
    Several commenters asked EPA to revise its policy that media 
contaminated with hazardous listed wastes is subject to the treatment 
standard for the contaminated waste, and to set instead risk-based 
treatment levels. They asked EPA to delay the applicability of the 
Phase IV final rule until the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule for 
contaminated hazardous media is promulgated in order to lessen 
potential disruptions to ongoing remediation activities. In addition, 
other commenters argued that the proposed treatment standards for 
organics and D/F were unachievable by remediation technologies.
2. LDR Requirements Do Apply to Contaminated Media
    Commenters stated that hazardous media should be exempt from LDR 
requirements until EPA finalizes HWIR for contaminated media. This 
issue was settled in the Phase II final rule (50 FR at 47986-7, 
September 19, 1994) if not before, and it is not being reopened in this 
final rule.
3. Technology-versus Risk-based Treatment Limits
    The principal objection to the proposed treatment standards was 
that the values do not reflect risk, that is, the standards are based 
on performance of a treatment technology rather than on assessment of 
risks to the human health and the environment posed by the waste. The 
question of technology-versus risk-based treatment standards has been 
raised throughout the development of the land disposal restrictions 
program. The Agency is not reopening this issue in this final rule. 
See, instead discussion in the Phase II final rule (59 FR at 47986, 
September 19, 1994). EPA does specifically find, however, that the 
treatment standards for these contaminated media are not established 
below levels at which threats to human health and the environment are 
minimized. In part, this finding turns on the Agency's present 
inability to quantify this level. In addition, for these wastes, the 
presence of extremely toxic hazardous constituents (arsenic, D/F, PCP), 
plus the widespread contamination already caused by past land disposal 
of these wastes (see, e.g. the background documents to the Listing 
rules for F032, F034, and F035) warrant treatment which effectively 
destroys, removes, or immobilizes hazardous constituents to the 
promulgated levels.
4. UTS Limits and the Performance of Remedial Treatment Technologies
    The third issue raised by the commenters is whether or not the UTS 
limits promulgated for organics can be achieved by all remediation 
technologies currently being used at wood preserving facilities. The 
UTS limits promulgated for organics and D/F regulated in nonwastewater 
forms of wood preserving wastes are based on the performance of (and 
are routinely achievable by) combustion technologies. EPA does not have 
to set treatment standards that are achievable by all, or even several, 
treatment technologies. The treatment limits promulgated for D/F 
constituents in nonwastewater forms of F032 are based on the combustion 
of solids, liquids, and soils contaminated with D/F constituents, 
namely acutely hazardous wastes F020, F022, F023, F026, and F027 (see 
51 FR 1733, January 14, 1986). EPA's existing technical guidance 
documents describing technological options for treating contaminants 
found at wood preserving facilities often recommend incineration as a 
viable technology for cleaning up ``hot spots'' of organics and D/F 
contaminants. These guidance documents also emphasize that incineration 
is usually able to treat below cleanup levels and LDR treatment limits. 
(See Presumptive Remedies for Soils, Sediments, and Sludges at Wood 
Treater Sites, Directive 9200.5-162, NTIS #PB-95-963410; Technology 
Selection Guide for Wood Treater Sites, EPA 540-F-93-020 or Pub.9360.0-
46FS; and Contaminants and Remedial Options at Wood Preserving Sites, 
EPA/600/R-92/182.)
    Available data on the performance of noncombustion technologies 
such as thermal desorption and chemical dehalogenation also do not 
necessarily support the commenters' claim that other remedial 
technologies will fail to meet the treatment limits promulgated today. 
Based on the available information, EPA believes that chemical 
dehalogenation (for D/F and chlorinated organic constituents) and 
thermal desorption (for organics and D/F constituents) generally can be 
optimized to meet the UTS limits promulgated today. (See Wood 
Preserving Background Document and Technical Guidance documents cited 
above.) Furthermore, it may be necessary to use two or more treatment 
technologies to achieve the limits, as EPA's Technical Guidance 
documents point out. This is, however, a site-specific determination, 
and the ability of a treatment train to meet or fail UTS or cleanup 
limits can only be assessed through the findings of a feasibility 
study.

IV. Improvements to the Land Disposal Restrictions Program

A. Significant Reduction in LDR Paperwork

    Summary: The LDR regulations heretofore required hazardous waste 
handlers to include LDR notifications with each shipment of waste sent 
to treaters or disposers. Today EPA is amending the rule to require 
only a one-time notification, rather than with each shipment of 
hazardous waste. The one-time notification would apply to shipments of 
all restricted hazardous wastes, and so would include lab packs. No new 
notification would be required unless there were a change in the waste, 
process, or receiving facility. This amendment will save approximately 
1,630,000 hours spent by the private sector on paperwork. EPA is also 
promulgating other paperwork reduction actions, as proposed.
1. Background
    In January 1995, EPA announced a goal to reduce the reporting and 
record keeping burden imposed by its regulations by 25 percent by June 
30, 1996. This announcement initiated implementation of one of the 
reinvention projects set forth in the President's March 16, 1995, 
report, ``Reinventing Environmental Regulations.'' The baseline from 
which the 25 percent reduction was to be calculated was the reporting 
and record keeping burden hours as described in the Information 
Collection Request (ICR) documentation as of January 1, 1995.
2. Discussion of Specific Paperwork Changes
    The LDR program imposes a significant reporting and record keeping 
burden that is being decreased significantly by changes being made in 
today's rule. It is estimated that the changes being made today result 
in a reduction of over 1.6 million hours per year of paperwork burden. 
Furthermore, these changes are not likely to compromise the 
protectiveness or enforceability of the LDR regulations.
    Most commenters on this issue supported the proposed paperwork 
changes. Almost all commenters addressing this issue agreed that the 
proposed changes made sense, and that

[[Page 26004]]

it would be beneficial to the regulated community to reduce the 
paperwork burden. A few commenters expressed concern that the 
reductions in LDR paperwork could be an incentive for mismanagement of 
hazardous wastes. The Agency acknowledges that although the potential 
for mismanagement is real, inspection and enforcement efforts have 
been, and will continue to be, a disincentive to facilities to provide 
false or misleading information about the hazardous wastes at their 
sites. This disincentive is believed to be far more important than the 
frequency with which the regulated community must create notification 
and certifications. The Agency, therefore, is promulgating the 
paperwork reductions despite this concern.
    Much of the language specifying what must be included on LDR 
notifications has been rewritten to include reductions in paperwork 
burden and to make it easier for the regulated community to understand 
the requirements to which it must adhere. Rewriting this section has 
resulted in the renumbering of the regulatory paragraphs. The new 
numbering for this section is used in this discussion. Also, the 
generator paperwork requirements are consolidated into a table at 
Sec. 268.7(a)(4).
    Under the requirements of Sec. 268.7(a), generators managing 
restricted hazardous wastes must determine whether their wastes meet 
the applicable treatment standards at the point of generation, or are 
otherwise exempt from those standards. Generators then must notify, in 
writing, either the treatment or disposal facility about their waste. 
The Agency is changing the notification requirement under 
Sec. 268.7(a)(2) from one requiring a notice accompany each waste 
shipment to one allowing an one-time notification that would accompany 
the first waste shipment and would also be placed in the generator's 
files. If a generator repeatedly generates wastes which do not meet the 
applicable treatment standards, but the composition of these wastes, or 
the process generating the wastes, or the treatment facility receiving 
the wastes does not change, then the generator is only required to 
submit a one-time notification to the receiving treatment facility and 
to place a copy in their files. If the waste, process, or the receiving 
treatment facility changes, the generator is required to send a new 
notice to the receiving facility, and place a copy of this new notice 
in their files. One commenter stated that the concept of what 
constituted a change in one's waste was vague and should be clarified 
so that a new notification would be required only when a change in the 
waste affects the determination of which treatment standards apply. The 
Agency agrees that only when a change in the waste affects the 
determination of which treatment standards apply must the generator 
create a new LDR notification.
    The Agency proposed that the one-time notification requirement 
would not apply to lab packs. Under the LDR program, a generator of a 
lab pack can either meet the treatment standards and paperwork 
requirements for all the hazardous wastes included in the lab pack, or 
meet the streamlined lab pack requirements of Sec. 268.42 and the 
paperwork requirements of Sec. 268.7(a)(9) (old Sec. 268.7(a)(8)). 
Several commenters disagreed with the proposed approach, stating that 
while lab packs can be highly variable in hazardous waste content, 
there are instances where routine and consistent lab packs are shipped 
by generators on a regular basis. It was also pointed out that if the 
lab pack generator decided to meet the treatment standards of each 
waste in the lab pack rather than the Sec. 268.42 alternative lab pack 
standards, it would be allowable to produce a one-time notification for 
each waste the lab pack contained. Therefore, it did not seem equitable 
to make a lab pack generator that chose to use the alternative lab pack 
standards produce a notification for each shipment, while a lab pack 
generator meeting the treatment standards for each hazardous waste in 
the lab pack could produce one-time notifications for each waste, so 
long as their waste, process or receiving facility did not change. 
Therefore, EPA has decided to change its proposed approach, and is 
including generators of lab packs in the one-time notification 
provisions of this final rule.
    Furthermore, the lab pack notification requirements of 
Sec. 268.7(a)(8) are streamlined in today's rule to include only the 
requirements of Secs. 268.7(a)(2), 268.7(a)(6), and 268.7(a)(7). This 
is possible because the alternative treatment standard for lab packs 
specifies a method of treatment rather than concentration levels that 
would have to be monitored after treatment. There is, therefore, no 
need to know whether the wastes in the lab packs are wastewaters or 
nonwastewaters or are hazardous debris (these are the data items being 
deleted from the lab pack notification).
    In Sec. 268.7(a)(3), the Agency is changing the notification 
requirement so that a generator whose waste meets the appropriate 
treatment standards as generated is only required to submit a one-time 
notification and certification to the receiving facility. The 
requirements for this one-time notification and certification are much 
the same as those discussed above.
    In Sec. 268.7(a)(5), EPA is removing the requirement that 
generators treating on-site in tanks or containers have to submit waste 
analysis plans to States and Regions. Instead, the plans must merely be 
kept in their on-site files, as proposed.
    The Agency is changing the record retention time period in 
Sec. 268.7(a)(8) from five to three years, in order to make LDR 
requirements consistent with other RCRA record retention periods.
    Under Sec. 268.7(b)(4), the treatment facility is only required to 
submit a one-time notification and certification to the receiving 
facility, rather than submit one with each shipment of waste. A copy of 
the notification and certification must be kept in the treatment 
facility's files. If the waste, treatment system, or the receiving land 
disposal facility changes, the treatment facility must send a new 
notification and certification to the land disposal facility, and place 
a copy of these records in their files. Furthermore, the treatment 
facility notification requirements have been consolidated into a table 
at Sec. 268.7(b)(4).
    Finally, the Agency wishes to clarify that any records kept in 
connection with the LDR program may be stored electronically, 
eliminating the need to actually maintain paper copies. EPA wants to 
encourage electronic storage of LDR notifications. However, because of 
the complex issues involved in electronic data interchange (EDI), EPA 
cannot at this time include standards for electronic storage of LDR 
notifications in this final rule. The Agency may develop those 
standards at a future date. Until such general standards for allowing 
electronic storage of information are developed, EPA would note that it 
has, on one occasion, confirmed that the use of an image scanning 
system developed by Safety Kleen Corporation was sufficient to meet 
hazardous waste manifest recordkeeping requirements (see attachment to 
the letter to Catherine A. McCord in the docket). This system was used 
to scan, store, and retrieve images of original hazardous waste 
manifests with handwritten signatures. Although the letter confirmed 
only that Safety Kleen's system met these requirements, the Agency 
noted that similar systems used by others might also be able to meet 
RCRA requirements.

B. Clean-up of LDR Requirements in 40 CFR 268

    EPA is rewriting portions of the LDR regulations to help the 
regulated community understand better what they

[[Page 26005]]

are required to do to comply with today's rule. Clean-up tasks such as 
removing extraneous cross references, eliminating unneeded language, 
removing unneeded appendices, and other similar actions have been taken 
to eliminate confusion for the regulated community. A noteworthy change 
is the elimination of the California List requirements that were 
promulgated in 1987, because they have been superseded by more specific 
treatment standards. In addition, a clarification has been made at 40 
CFR 268.1(e) that the de minimis provision applies to characteristic 
wastes as well as commercial chemical products and intermediates.
1. Section 268.1
    Section 268.1(e)(4) is clarified so that the de minimis provision 
applies to minor losses of characteristic wastes as well as to minor 
releases of commercial chemical products and intermediates. EPA 
actually made this clarification already in the Phase III final rule 
(see 61 FR at 15597), but inadvertently omitted it from the Phase III 
withdrawal notice (see 61 FR 15662). The withdrawal notice should have 
removed paragraph 268.1(e)(4)(ii) only, because it dealt with the 
special de minimis provisions for characteristic wastes being injected 
into Class I injection wells (and thus, subject to the Land Disposal 
Program Flexibility Act of 1996, the impetus for the withdrawal notice. 
See 61 FR 15661). A typographical error made it appear that the entire 
paragraph (e) was being withdrawn, which was not the intention of the 
Agency. Therefore, today's regulatory language contains the text of 
268.1(e) in its entirety, and clarifies that the de minimis provision 
applies to characteristic wastes.
2. Section 268.4
    Section 268.4(a)(2)(iv) is changed to read, ``Recordkeeping. The 
sampling, analysis, and recordkeeping provisions of Secs. 264.13 and 
265.13 apply.'' Referencing the Secs. 264.13 and 265.13 requirements in 
Sec. 268.4 clarifies that there are no additional recordkeeping 
requirements at Sec. 268.4; the general facility recordkeeping 
requirements apply, thus the LDR program does not add additional 
burden.
3. Section 268.5
    The Agency proposed to amend Sec. 268.5(e) so that an applicant 
could apply for and be granted additional time (up to one year) when 
first applying for a case-by-case extension of the effective date. 
Commenters argued, however, that it would be inappropriate for EPA to 
grant what would be, in effect, a ``two-year'' case-by-case capacity 
variance. Some commenters stated that the proposed change would hinder 
necessary treatment capacity from being brought on-line expeditiously, 
and that requiring a renewal application for a second-year extension 
allows the Agency to evaluate whether the applicant has made a good-
faith effort to develop or locate hazardous waste treatment capacity. 
The Agency is persuaded by the commenter's concerns and is, therefore, 
not making the proposed change to Sec. 268.5. As has always been the 
case in the LDR program, case-by-case extension applicants must make a 
separate application for a renewal of their case-by-case extension if 
the initial one-year period is not sufficient to develop treatment 
capacity.
4. Section 268.7
    In section 268.7(c)(2), the sentence, ``* * * test method described 
in appendix I of this part or using any methods required by generators 
under Sec. 268.32 of this part * * *'' is changed to read, ``* * * test 
method described in `Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/
Chemical Methods,' EPA Publication SW-846.'' Specific reference to EPA 
Publication SW-846 for the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure 
gives the regulated community a more direct reference for details of 
the test method.
5. Section 268.9
    In Sec. 268.9, paragraph (a) has been clarified to better describe 
how wastes should be identified for purposes of the LDR program when 
they are both listed and characteristic hazardous wastes.
    In Sec. 268.9(d)(1)(ii), the language has been edited to clarify 
that if all underlying hazardous constituents reasonably expected to be 
present in a characteristic waste will be monitored, then the generator 
need not list any of them on the LDR notification. If, on the other 
hand, a subset of all underlying hazardous constituents will be 
monitored, they must be included on the LDR notification.
6. References to Section 268.32
    References to Sec. 268.32 and RCRA 3004(d), California List wastes, 
are removed, because the treatment standards for the these wastes have 
been superseded by subsequent treatment standards. See generally 55 FR 
at 22675 (June 1, 1990) noting the general principle that California 
list prohibitions no longer apply once a more specific treatment 
standard applies, and noting the handful of situations where California 
list prohibitions would continue to apply. With the advent of the 
requirement to treat for underlying hazardous constituents reasonably 
expected to be present in characteristic wastes, there no longer are 
any situations where California list prohibitions could create an 
exclusive treatment standard. Consequently, there is no need to retain 
any reference to California list prohibitions in the regulations.
7. Sections 268.34-268.37
    The information about the dates of waste prohibition provided in 
Secs. 268.34-268.37 is removed because the treatment standards for the 
wastes are all now in effect, eliminating any need to retain the dates.
8. References to Sections 268.41-268.43
    References in Part 268 to LDR treatment standards that have 
previously been found in tables in Secs. 268.41, 268.42, and 268.43, 
are changed to refer to the consolidated table in 268.40.
9. Appendices
    Appendix I is removed and reserved because the TCLP test method 
reference to SW-846 will be incorporated into the text of the 
regulatory language.
    Appendix II to Part 268 is also removed and reserved because it 
incorrectly refers to treatment standards in Secs. 268.41, 268.42, and 
268.43 (they are now in Sec. 268.40); furthermore, there is no longer a 
need for a reference to the solvent treatment standards.
    Appendix III is removed and reserved because the California List 
treatment standards have been superseded by Universal Treatment 
Standards plus the requirement to treat underlying hazardous 
constituents in characteristic hazardous wastes. Thus, there is no need 
for a listing of halogenated organic compounds under the California 
List.
    Appendix VI is amended to clarify that land disposed characteristic 
wastes that also contain underlying hazardous constituents must be 
treated not only by a ``deactivating'' technology to remove the 
characteristic, but also treated to achieve the Universal Treatment 
Standard for underlying hazardous constituents.
    Appendix VII has been updated to include all the effective dates of 
all surface disposed hazardous wastes for which there are treatment 
standards. Likewise, Appendix VIII has been updated.
    Appendix X is removed and reserved because it summarized paperwork 
requirements that are clarified in tables in today's rule at sections 
268.7(a) and (b).

[[Page 26006]]

    The Agency is committed to identifying new ways the LDR program can 
be simplified, and will continue to seek additional opportunities for 
such streamlining efforts in the future.

C. Clarifications of Point of Generation

    Summary: EPA is identifying the point of generation of wastes from 
boiler cleanout and for certain ignitable wastes treated in tanks. The 
significance of this action is to define the point at which a 
determination is made as to whether or not the LDR prohibitions attach 
to the wastes generated from these activities. In some cases, the 
broader question of whether a hazardous waste is even generated also 
can be presented. A waste which is not identified or listed as 
hazardous at the point LDR prohibitions would attach, the so-called 
``point of generation'' is not prohibited from land disposal. 
Conversely, if a waste is hazardous (i.e. identified or listed) at that 
point, LDR prohibitions typically do attach notwithstanding that the 
waste may no longer be ``hazardous'' at the point it is land disposed. 
EPA is not finalizing options discussed in the Phase III LDR rule (60 
FR 11715, March 2, 1995) which discussed more far-reaching alternatives 
for defining the point at which LDR prohibitions can attach, but is 
issuing interpretations applicable to several discrete fact situations 
involving questions implicating this issue.
1. General Discussion
    Since November 1986, EPA has required determinations as to whether 
LDR prohibitions attach to be made at the point when hazardous wastes 
are generated (51 FR 40620). This issue took on critical import in the 
so-called Third Third rule when EPA addressed the issue of treatment 
standards for wastes that exhibit a hazardous waste characteristic, and 
whether LDR prohibitions could apply to wastes that initially exhibit a 
characteristic but no longer do so (i.e. are ``non-hazardous'' in that 
they are no longer identified or listed as hazardous) at the point they 
are land disposed. By adhering to the principle that LDR prohibitions 
attach at the point of waste generation, EPA maintained that these de-
characterized wastes must still be treated to satisfy EPA-established 
treatment standards, notwithstanding that the wastes are no longer 
identified as hazardous. 55 FR at 22651-52. The D.C. Circuit sustained 
this interpretation as permissible in Chemical Waste Management v. EPA, 
976 F.2d 2, 13-14 (D.C. Cir. 1992) cert. denied 113 S. Ct. 1961 (1993).
    In the Phase III LDR rule, EPA solicited comment on the issue of 
possibly redefining the point at which LDR prohibitions attach. EPA 
presented three options: (1) when there are similar wastewater streams 
generated by similar processes; (2) when there are waste streams from a 
single process; and (3) at a point of aggregation called ``battery 
limits.'' 60 FR 11715-717.
    EPA considered these options because of the potential reach of the 
Chemical Waste Management opinion on generally successful wastewater 
management operations carried out pursuant to the Clean Water Act (i.e. 
treatment of aggregated wastewaters, some of which at one time 
exhibited a hazardous waste characteristic, pursuant to the National 
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System regulations for direct 
dischargers and pretreatment regulations for indirect dischargers) and 
the Safe Drinking Water Act (injection of decharacterized wastewaters 
into Class I non-hazardous injection wells under the Underground 
Injection Control program). However, on March 26, 1996, President 
Clinton signed into law the Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of 
1996. This Act provided, among other things, that decharacterized 
wastes managed in the types of wastewater management systems described 
above are no longer prohibited from land disposal so long as they are 
not hazardous wastes at the point they are land disposed. See generally 
61 FR 61660 (April 8, 1996). As a result, EPA no longer believes there 
is any need to fundamentally reexamine the issue of where LDR 
prohibitions attach, and is not acting on these parts of the Phase III 
proposal.
    However, the Agency has identified specific issues which may be 
considered ``point of generation'' issues, and which were not addressed 
by the Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of 1996. In today's rule, 
EPA is addressing these specific issues. In each case discussed below, 
the Agency believes that the existing regulatory language is adequate, 
but clarification is necessary to prevent inappropriate 
interpretations. In making these interpretations, EPA is in some cases 
clarifying not only LDR applicability, but also generally where the 
determination as to whether a waste is hazardous must be made.
2. Boiler Cleanout
    Power plant boilers are generally taken out of service and cleaned 
out once every 3 years (an average of one unit every year per 
facility). The cleaning process generally consists of an initial rinse 
of an acid cleaning solution and one or two rinses of water, generating 
an average of several hundred thousand gallons of acid wash/rinse water 
during each cleaning. The initial rinsate stream frequently is 
characteristically hazardous, exhibiting the TC for lead and chromium 
plus the characteristic of corrosivity.
    The rinsate from this process is combined in a tank (or 
potentially, several tanks), usually temporary tanks brought on-site 
for the cleaning process, and then either discharged to surface 
impoundments prior to NPDES discharge (which commingled wastes would 
normally be exempt from RCRA Subtitle C by virtue of the Bevill 
Amendment) or directly fed to the boilers (a practice typically raising 
no issues of LDR applicability since no land disposal is involved). The 
issue in question is whether waste is considered generated after each 
rinse (acid and water) or at the end of the cleaning of the boiler when 
the rinsates have been combined; in other words, whether a 
determination is made for each rinse or for combined rinses. If the 
latter, then the rinsate would be hazardous waste (and as one 
consequence, potentially prohibited from land disposal) only if the 
combined rinsates exhibit a characteristic. Note that this is not 
strictly an LDR issue but presents the issue of whether a unit is 
regulated, in this case the tank that receives the rinsate.
    The Agency is today clarifying that, specific to power plant boiler 
cleanout (and potentially, to other sporadic cleaning activities 
involving multiple rinses), generation is at the completion of the 
entire cleanout process. EPA believes that the mass loading of 
hazardous constituents from the process to the environment will not be 
affected by this determination, since a given amount of cleanout fluid 
and water is needed to complete the task in every case. Cf. 60 FR at 
11716 noting that in such situations the underlying policy of the 
prohibition on dilution is not implicated. The agency views the 
cleanout of the boilers as one process and therefore does not consider 
the mixing of acid rinse and water rinse as impermissible dilution but 
as a single waste rinsate resulting from the single cleanout process. 
This waste is subject to regulation if it exhibits a characteristic, 
and subject to LDR prohibitions if it exhibits a characteristic and is 
going to be land disposed.
    Today's clarification of the point of generation for boiler 
cleanout is limited to the situation in which the entire quantity of 
boiler cleanout rinses are contained in a single container so that 
hazardous waste and LDR determinations can be made based upon the 
commingling of all the rinses

[[Page 26007]]

together. If, for example, a temporary tank is brought on-site but does 
not have sufficient capacity to handle the estimated several hundred 
thousand gallons of rinsate at once, the waste will likely have to be 
managed in separate loads. In such instances, the generator will still 
be required to make hazardous waste and LDR determinations for each 
separate load.
    In adopting today's interpretation, EPA emphasizes that this type 
of cleaning is a batch operation occurring at widely-spaced intervals 
and involving temporary storage units (i.e. units that are removed from 
the premises after receiving the rinsate). Thus, the interpretation 
does not ever apply where a surface impoundment receives rinsate (see, 
e.g., Chemical Waste Management v. EPA, 976 F. 2d at 20 n. 4 (placement 
of any amount of characteristic waste in a surface impoundment makes 
the unit a regulated unit even if diluted to non-characteristic levels 
afterwards)). The interpretation also does not apply where there are 
permanent storage units involved. EPA also notes the evident point that 
if commingled rinses still exhibit a hazardous waste characteristic, 
the receiving tank is a regulated unit. Persons owning or operating 
such tanks have the same obligations as other generators to determine 
whether the waste exhibits a characteristic. See 262.11.
3. Sludge From High TOC (Total Organic Carbon) D001 Treated in Tank 
Based Systems
    Many generators introduce waste into tank-based wastewater 
treatment systems where the resulting effluent is discharged to a POTW 
or to navigable waters, and the resulting wastewater treatment sludge 
is land disposed. At times, the waste that is placed in the tank-based 
system exhibits the ignitable characteristic. If the organic content of 
the wastewater is sufficiently high, the liquid waste--when first 
released--can meet the definition of nonwastewater found in 40 CFR Part 
268.2(d).
    The fact situation of concern can involve releases of high TOC 
ignitable wastes (which have a designated method of treatment), raising 
a question of whether that treatment standard for high TOC waste still 
applies to sludge generated from the wastewater treatment, even if the 
sludge is not itself high TOC ignitable waste.
    It is EPA's view that the sludge in this situation should be viewed 
as a new treatability group. Put another way, the change of 
treatability group principle applies to situations where liquid wastes 
which are technically nonwastewaters are inadvertently placed in 
wastewater treatment systems in small quantities, for legitimate 
wastewater treatment, thereupon becoming wastewaters (as defined in 
268.2(f) of the rules), and subsequently generating a sludge. See 58 FR 
29871, May 24, 1993 (``In the Third Third final rule, EPA stated that 
for characteristic wastes, each change of treatability group in a 
treatment train marked a new point of generation for determining if a 
characteristic waste was prohibited from land disposal''). 
Consequently, because the sludge generated from the tank-based 
wastewater treatment system is a different treatability group from the 
wastewater from which it is generated, it would be considered to be a 
newly generated waste that should be evaluated at its point of 
generation to determine if it is hazardous, and if so, to then 
determine the appropriate LDR standard. (Also, please note that 
elsewhere in today's notice the Agency clarifies that the LDR de 
minimis exemption applies to small, inadvertent, releases of 
characteristic waste into wastewater treatment systems. As a practical 
matter, the de minimis exemption probably makes the question moot, 
because larger releases would not typically occur since they would 
likely interfere with wastewater treatment systems operation.)
4. Tank Rinsate
    An issue arises when high-TOC ignitable wastes are stored in tanks, 
and some residue from these wastes remains in the tanks after the tanks 
are emptied and rinsed. The initial high-TOC ignitable waste is 
considered a nonwastewater with the treatment standard of CMBST 
(combustion) or RORG (recovery of organics). However, it is EPA's view 
that the rinsate from an empty tank (see 47 FR 1250, January 11, 1982, 
for guidance on empty waste tanks) is a newly generated wastewater and 
the high-TOC ignitable waste treatment standards do not attach. The 
rinsate must be evaluated at its point of generation, i.e., after the 
complete rinsing of the empty tank, and, if it exhibits a 
characteristic (or for some reason is listed independently) it is 
subject to treatment standards for that characteristic (or listed 
waste), rather than to the form of the waste from which it originated. 
This determination also applies to tanks that are used to collect 
wastewaters that are listed solely because they exhibit a 
characteristic (i.e., ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity). EPA 
has stated that the existing rule, which provides that the dilution 
prohibition does not apply to wastewaters listed solely because they 
exhibit a characteristic, remains in effect. See 61 FR 15662.

D. POLYM Method of Treatment for High-TOC (Total Organic Carbon) 
Ignitable D001 Wastes

    Summary: Today's rule establishes an alternative treatment standard 
of POLYM (polymerization) for high-TOC D001 wastes originally intended 
as chemical components in the commercial manufacture of plastics. In 
the polymerization treatment process (POLYM), the wastes are reacted to 
produce a chemically stable plastic in the same manner that commercial 
plastics are formed.
    Discussion: The National Marine Manufacturer's Association 
contacted EPA with concerns that the May 1993 Interim Final Rule 
prohibited the practice of polymerizing excess polyester/styrene waste 
left over from the manufacture of modular shower stalls and 
recreational boats, among other things. EPA proposed to add 
polymerization (POLYM) to the set of required methods of treatment 
designated as BDAT for high-TOC ignitable (D001) wastes resulting from 
commercial polymerization processes. (60 FR 43679, August 22, 1995.) In 
these manufacturing processes, polyester/styrene reacts with methyl 
ethyl ketone (MEK) peroxide in a mold to form fiberglass. The ignitable 
waste polyester/styrene and MEK peroxide are the wastes of concern.
    Small quantities of polyester/styrene monomers and MEK peroxide 
wastes can be reacted together to create fiberglass scraps. The scraps 
are inert and do not exhibit the hazardous waste characteristics of 
toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity. It is this practice 
that is referred to as polymerization for the purposes of this rule. 
The waste polyester/styrene monomers and MEK peroxide are currently 
regulated as high-TOC ignitable wastes (40 CFR 268.9) for which the 
current standard is treatment by CMBST (combustion) or by RORGS 
(recovery of organics) before land disposal. Neither CMBST nor RORGS 
allows for polymerization (as an exclusive treatment method) of high-
TOC ignitable wastes. The Agency believes that the practice of 
polymerizing high-TOC ignitable waste polymers and monomers which are 
chemical components in the manufacture of plastics to a 
noncharacteristic inert mass adequately minimizes threats posed by 
disposal of the waste.
    Today EPA is establishing POLYM as an alternative to CMBST or RORGS 
only for those high-TOC D001 wastes

[[Page 26008]]

originally intended as chemical components in the commercial 
manufacture of plastics. POLYM requires the addition of the same 
polymerizing component or catalyst to the deactivated high-TOC D001 
monomer stream intended for land disposal. POLYM is defined as 
``formation of complex high-molecular weight solids through 
polymerization of monomers with high-TOC D001 nonwastewaters which are 
chemical components in the manufacture of plastics.''
    EPA acknowledges that POLYM is not as effective at destroying all 
of the hazardous constituents of the materials as CMBST, the specified 
treatment standard for high-TOC D001 nonwastewaters. However, as 
defined, POLYM is the same process that is used in the actual 
manufacturing of plastic products such as water pipe and watercraft. To 
allow materials and a process to be used to construct water pipe and 
boat hulls, but prohibit the same process to be used to treat excess 
materials from those same processes does not make sense. In addition, 
the treatment of these chemical components using POLYM does convert an 
ignitable waste into a non-ignitable solid prior to disposal. Treatment 
occurs as the organic materials react to form a hard, inert material. 
Data submitted by the Composites Institute (see CI Memo 20 DEC 96) show 
that of the Appendix VIII constituents that are present in scrap 
uncured polyester resins, greater than 50% of the constituents are 
chemically converted by the polymerization process to form a part of 
the solid polymer. The remaining constituents are physically bound in 
the solid polymer matrix. The Agency believes that the low quantities 
of Appendix VIII constituents are sufficiently bound in the polymer 
matrix so as to minimize the threats posed by disposal of the 
noncharacteristic inert mass of scrap material. Below is a table 
showing the Appendix VIII constituents typically found in scrap uncured 
polyester resins:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Maximum
                                                                   % in 
                   Appendix VIII constituents                    uncured
                                                                  resin 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methyl methacrylate............................................     10.0
Antimony trioxide..............................................      3.0
Dibutyl phthalate..............................................      1.8
Butyl benzyl phthalate.........................................     1.05
Dimethyl phthalate.............................................     1.05
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide...................................     1.05
Dioctyl phthalate..............................................     0.75
Methyl ethyl ketone............................................     0.09
P-benzoquinone.................................................     0.05
Maleic anhydride...............................................    (\1\)
phthalic acid esters NOS.......................................    (\1\)
phthalic anhydride.............................................   (\1\) 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Trace.                                                              

Of the constituents listed in the table above, methyl methacrylate (a 
monomer) and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (a catalyst), are chemically 
converted by the polymerization process and form part of the solid 
polymer.
    EPA has decided to promulgate POLYM as a treatment standard rather 
than dealing with this issue on an individual basis via Determination 
of Equivalent Treatment (DET) petitions. As defined, equivalency need 
not remove every single molecule of constituents as the comparison 
technology to be considered equivalent. A similar issue involving high-
TOC ignitable waste was addressed in a Determination of Equivalent 
Treatment (see DET IBM Essex Junction, VT). In that determination, the 
high-TOC waste was being treated to a slightly lower level than 
combustion. EPA did so, in part, because the treatment process was 
achieving very substantial destruction of hazardous constituents, and 
otherwise assuring that the special concerns regarding treatment of 
high-TOC ignitable wastes, such as interference with wastewater 
treatment systems, were not present. Similarly, in this instance, POLYM 
will destroy most of the hazardous constituents present and 
substantially immobilize those that remain. In addition, there is no 
possibility that this treatment method will interfere with wastewater 
treatment. Finally, EPA notes that the POLYM process appears to be as 
efficient as the other type of allowable treatment method for high-TOC 
ignitable wastes, namely RORGS (recovery of organics). Thus, EPA 
believes that the POLYM process evaluated here, along with CMBST and 
REORG, satisfies the section 3004(m) requirement that threats be 
minimized by treatment, and also could satisfy the equivalency standard 
in 268.42(b).
    A number of commenters have solicited EPA to expand the definition 
of POLYM to include other types of polymerization processes. EPA 
appreciates the suggestions of the commenters. However, the Agency does 
not currently have enough data to evaluate the effects of expanding the 
definition. The Agency will consider the idea of expanding the 
definition of POLYM and solicits any data that commenters may have 
regarding additional methods of polymerization. Further, under 
268.42(b), persons may petition the Agency for a determination of 
equivalent treatment for their specific polymerization process, if it 
is not included in today's rule.
    Finally, in response to inquiries, EPA notes that POLYM treatment 
(or for that matter, most types of treatment) can occur at the site of 
generation without having to obtain a RCRA permit, provided treatment 
occurs in tanks, containers or containment buildings and these units 
comply with the substantive standards set out in 40 CFR 262.34 
(standards for so-called 90-day generator tanks, containers, and 
containment buildings). See 51 FR at 10168 (March 24, 1986). EPA notes 
further that these standards for 90-day units may include compliance 
with the RCRA air emission standards set out in subparts AA, BB, and CC 
of part 265 (assuming the waste satisfies the applicability criteria 
set out in these rules). See generally, 61 FR at 59934-35 (Nov. 25, 
1996) and 59 FR 62896 (Dec. 6, 1994). In addition, POLYM treatment 
occurring in units requiring a permit could be subject to the 
corresponding standards for air emissions found in Part 264 subparts 
AA, BB and CC.

E. Decision To Retain Current Treatment Standard for Multi-Source 
Leachate (Waste Code F039)

    In the Phase IV proposed rule, EPA suggested that with the 
promulgation of the Universal Treatment Standards (UTS), there was no 
longer a need for the separate list of constituents for multisource 
leachate (F039) in the Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes table 
at 40 CFR 268.40. EPA proposed that F039 would be treated to meet all 
the UTS for the constituents at Sec. 268.48, with the exceptions of 
fluoride, vanadium, and zinc, which are not underlying hazardous 
constituents.
    Several commenters, however, pointed out that such an action would 
be more than a simplification of existing treatment standards. Rather, 
it would add several constituents to those for which EPA has set 
treatment standards in F039, without notice and an opportunity for 
comment. The Agency has reexamined the F039 list of constituents and 
agrees with commenters that changing F039 to cross reference the UTS 
constituents at Sec. 268.48 would add regulated constituents to F039. 
This was not the intent of the proposed change. Therefore, the Agency 
is not promulgating any change to F039 in this final rule. The 
treatment standard levels for the hazardous constituents in F039 are 
identical to the UTS for those constituents, so retaining the current

[[Page 26009]]

treatment standard constituent list for F039 does not decrease 
environmental protection in comparison with changing the standard.

V. Status of Proposed Provisions on Leaks, Sludges, and Air Emissions 
From RCRA-Equivalent Treatment of Decharacterized Wastewaters in Clean 
Water Act Surface Impoundments

    In the August 22, 1995 Phase IV proposal, EPA discussed three 
options for ensuring that underlying hazardous constituents in 
decharacterized wastes were not released to the environment via leaks, 
sludges, and air emissions from surface impoundments in systems 
regulated by the Clean Water Act or Safe Drinking Water Act (60 FR 
43655). (Decharacterized wastes are wastes which initially exhibited a 
hazardous characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or 
toxicity when generated but are no longer characteristic). On March 16, 
1996, the President signed the Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of 
1996, which provides that the wastes in question are no longer 
prohibited from land disposal once rendered nonhazardous. As a result, 
on April 8, 1996, EPA withdrew its treatment standards for these wastes 
(61 FR 15660). Today EPA announces that it will not finalize, at this 
time, the provisions for leaks, sludges, and air emissions that EPA 
proposed on August 22, 1995 (60 FR 43655-43677). Furthermore, the 
treatment standards for TC metal wastes discussed in the proposal 
accompanying today's rule do not apply to TC metal wastes if the 
characteristic is removed and the wastes are subsequently treated in a 
unit whose discharge is regulated by the Clean Water Act or, for 
underground injection wells, the Safe Drinking Water Act.
    However, the Land Disposal Flexibility Act does mandate EPA to 
undertake a study to determine any potential risks posed by cross-media 
transfer of hazardous constituents from these surface impoundments. The 
findings of this study, begun by the Agency in April, 1996, may result 
in proposed regulations for these units, if risks are in fact found 
that would warrant such regulation.

VI. Decision Not To Ban Nonamenable Wastes From Biological 
Treatment

    EPA is not prohibiting certain decharacterized wastes from land-
based wastewater treatment systems on the basis of whether the 
constituents in those wastes are ``amenable'' to biological treatment. 
As is discussed in the April 8, 1996 partial withdrawal notice to the 
LDR Phase III final rule (61 FR 15660), the Land Disposal Program 
Flexibility Act of 1996, signed by the President on March 26, 1996, 
provides that the wastes in question are no longer prohibited from land 
disposal once rendered nonhazardous. Because they are decharacterized 
before they enter the impoundment, these wastes are no longer 
prohibited wastes under RCRA.

VII. Capacity Determinations for Wood Preserving Wastes

A. Introduction

    This section summarizes the results of the capacity analysis for 
the wastes covered by this rule. For background information on data 
sources, methodology, and details of the capacity analysis for each 
group of wastes covered in this rule, see ``Background Document for 
Capacity Analysis for Land Disposal Restrictions, Phase IV--Wood 
Preserving Wastes (Final Rule).''
    In general, EPA's capacity analysis focuses on the amount of waste 
to be restricted from land disposal that is currently managed in land-
based units and that will require alternative treatment as a result of 
the LDRs. The quantity of wastes that are not managed in land-based 
units (e.g., wastewater managed only in RCRA exempt tanks, with direct 
discharge to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)) is not included 
in the quantities requiring alternative treatment as a result of the 
LDRs. Also, wastes that do not require alternative treatment (e.g., 
those that are currently treated using an appropriate treatment 
technology) are not included in these quantity estimates.
    EPA's decisions on whether to grant a national capacity variance 
are based on the availability of alternative treatment or recovery 
technologies. Consequently, the methodology focuses on deriving 
estimates of the quantities of waste that will require either 
commercial treatment or the construction of new on-site treatment as a 
result of the LDRs. EPA attempts to subtract from the required capacity 
estimates the quantities of waste that will be treated adequately 
either on site in existing systems or off site by facilities owned by 
the same company as the generator (i.e., captive facilities).

B. Available Capacity

    Available capacity was estimated for the three treatment technology 
categories: combustion, stabilization, and wastewater treatment that 
are expected to be used for the wastes in today's rule. (Numerous other 
types of treatment also can meet the treatment standards for much of 
these wastes, although the Agency did not find it necessary to estimate 
the available capacity of these treatments. See the Background Document 
for further information.)
1. Thermal Treatment
    EPA estimates that there are less than 50,000 tons per year of soil 
combustion capacity, approximately 144,000 tons per year of commercial 
sludge/solid combustion capacity, and 886,000 tons per year of 
commercial liquid combustion capacity available for Phase IV Wood 
Preserving Wastes. This accounts for treatment facilities without 
updated permits for the newly listed wastes or that likely will not 
wish to accept the wastes for other reasons (e.g. dioxin/furan 
monitoring requirements, low BTU, or other undesirable waste 
characteristics).
2. Stabilization
    EPA estimates that there are approximately 1.1 million tons of 
available stabilization capacity, with most of it able to meet the 
treatment requirements for the newly listed wood preserving wastes.
3. Wastewater Treatment
    EPA estimates that there are approximately 37 to 47 million tons 
per year of available wastewater treatment capacity. The various 
treatment technologies that form the basis of this capacity are 
routinely able to meet the treatment standards of the wood preserving 
wastewaters.

C. Required Capacity and Comparison With Available Capacity

    EPA estimates that very small quantities of wood preserving 
wastewater (approximately 440 tons of organic wastewater and 13,000 
tons of inorganic wastewater) will require alternative treatment 
capacity in order to comply with the LDRs. EPA estimates that less than 
10,000 tons of nonwastewaters (8,700 tons of organic nonwastewaters and 
1,300 tons of inorganic nonwastewaters) will require alternative 
treatment as a result of the LDRs.
    EPA believes that combustion, combustion followed by stabilization, 
or stabilization will meet the treatment standards for nonwastewaters 
of wood preserving wastes. For wastes with arsenic, although the basis 
of the treatment for arsenic is vitrification, EPA believes that the 
standard can also be met by stabilization. Also, in general, chemical 
precipitation will meet the treatment standards for the inorganic 
wastewater. EPA identified specific wastewater treatment technologies 
that support UTS for these wastes and concluded that the wastewater

[[Page 26010]]

treatment practices at the wood preserving facilities can be optimized 
to meet the proposed limits. (Please see BDAT Background Document for 
details.) There is sufficient liquid and sludge/solid combustion 
capacity for both the organic wood preserving wastewaters and 
nonwastewaters. In addition, EPA believes that there is sufficient 
chemical precipitation capacity for the inorganic wastewater. Finally, 
ample stabilization capacity exists for the inorganic nonwastewaters. 
Therefore, EPA is not granting a variance for the newly listed wood 
preserving wastes.
    Some commenters provided data on soil and debris contaminated with 
wood preserving wastes. The regulated communities are quite concerned 
about the availability of treatment capacity using established 
technologies as well as the potential for innovative technologies to 
provide additional treatment capacity. EPA has examined the available 
data and information submitted by commenters and from other sources 
such as Superfund Record of Decisions. The Agency estimated that 
combustion capacity available to treat soils and debris contaminated 
with newly listed wood preserving wastes is less than 50,000 tons per 
year. In contrast, EPA estimates that well over 100,000 tons per year 
of soil and debris may require additional combustion capacity. 
Furthermore, logistics issues may severely hamper the ability of site 
managers to obtain adequate alternative treatment in the near term. 
Therefore, given the lack of available capacity and other issues 
associated with soil and debris contaminated with F032, F034, and F035 
wood preserving wastes, EPA is granting a two-year extension of the 
effective date for these wastes.

D. Mixed Radioactive Wastes

    Despite the uncertainty about quantities of mixed radioactive 
wastes that will require treatment as a result of today's rule, any new 
commercial capacity that becomes available will be needed for mixed 
radioactive wastes that were regulated in previous LDR rulemakings and 
whose capacity extensions have already expired. Thus, EPA has 
determined that sufficient alternative treatment capacity is not 
available, and is granting a two-year national capacity extension of 
the effective date for radioactive wastes mixed with RCRA wastes for 
which standards are being promulgated today, including soil and debris.

E. Phase IV Wood Preserving Wastes Injected Into Underground Injection 
Control (UIC) Class I Wells Injected Into Class I Wells

    EPA estimated the volume of waste regulated in today's rule that is 
currently injected into UIC wells. This volume is a conservative 
estimate based on highly complex non-segregable waste stream mixtures, 
and it may be that the actual volume injected is less. A very small 
volume of newly listed wood preserving wastes (F032, F034 and F035) may 
be injected into Class I Wells. These wastes are either injected at 
wells located at the site of generation, or are sent off-site for 
injection in commercial Class I wells.
    These wells have existing no-migration determinations. However, 
even if an injection well has received a no-migration petition, it can 
inject a newly prohibited waste only if the waste is similar to wastes 
included in the initial no-migration petition. The new wastes must 
behave hydraulically and chemically in a similar manner to those 
already included in the initial petition demonstration such that they 
will not interfere with the containment capability of the injection 
zone and the location of the waste plume will not significantly differ 
from the initial demonstration. (See 40 CFR 148.20 (f) , and UIC 
Guidance No. 74.) Based on these principles, EPA has investigated 
whether the no-migration determination for the wells injecting these 
wood preserving wastes allow continued injection. If injection is not 
presently allowed due to the need to amend a petition, the well would 
not be providing any capacity, because none of these facilities operate 
treatment processes capable of achieving the treatment standard for 
these wastes.
    EPA has determined that at least six commercial injection well 
facilities with no-migration petitions would be allowed to inject wood 
preserving wastewaters without needing to amend their petitions. The 
rationale for this determination is located in the RCRA docket. EPA has 
further determined that these wells have unused injection capacity 
exceeding the amount of wood preserving waste generated annually (EPA 
Regional communications in the RCRA docket). Thus, even if all wood 
preserving wastewaters presently injected would have to find new 
capacity, sufficient capacity exists. In addition, there is commercial 
wastewater treatment capacity that could accommodate some of this 
volume.
    Based on this information, the Agency has reassessed its position 
since the proposed rule and decided not to grant a two-year national 
capacity extension of the effective date for wood preserving waste 
being injected at Class I facilities. As discussed above, there appears 
to be sufficient protective disposal capacity (i.e. approved no-
migration disposal capacity) which can accommodate all of the 
currently-injected wood preserving wastewaters, even if all this 
wastewater will be diverted from injection wells currently used.
    EPA notes further that commenters did not claim that there was 
insufficient capacity to manage these wastes. However, it should be 
noted that RCRA section 3004(h)(3) provides individual facilities 
opportunity to demonstrate that inadequate protective treatment or 
disposal capacity is available. Substantive standards are set out in 40 
CFR Sec. 268.5 and in UIC Guidance No. 69.

F. Summary of Variance Determinations

    Table 1 lists each category of RCRA wastes for which EPA is today 
setting LDR standards. For each category, this table indicates whether 
EPA is granting a national capacity extension of the effective date for 
land-disposed wastes or injected wastes managed by UIC Class I 
injection wells.

 Table 1.--National Capacity Extensions of the Effective Date for Newly 
                      Listed and Identified Wastes                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Deep well- 
      Waste description          Surface-disposed wastes      injected  
                                                               wastes   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newly Listed Wood Preserving   No........................  No.          
 Wastes (F032, F034, F035).                                             
Soil and Debris Contaminated   Two-year..................  N/A          
 with Newly Listed Wood                                                 
 Preserving Wastes.                                                     
Mixed Wood Preserving and      Two-year..................  Two-year     
 Radioactive Wastes,                                                    
 Including Soil and Debris.                                             
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 26011]]

VIII. Changes to Definition of Solid Waste to Exclude Processed Scrap 
Metal and Shredded Circuit Boards From RCRA Jurisdiction

    Summary: As proposed on January 25, 1995 (FR 61 2338), EPA is today 
amending the definition of solid waste to exclude from RCRA 
jurisdiction two types of materials: processed scrap metal and 
containerized shredded circuit boards.

A. Processed Scrap Metal

1. Summary of Proposal
    The Agency proposed the exclusion of processed scrap metal and 
shredded circuit boards being recycled from the Definition of Solid 
Waste in the January 25, 1996 proposed Phase IV LDR supplemental 
rulemaking. Currently, scrap metal being reclaimed is a solid waste, 
but completely exempt from RCRA Subtitle C regulations. The proposal 
would have amended the definition of solid waste to exclude processed 
scrap metal and containerized shredded circuit boards that are being 
recycled from RCRA jurisdiction. In the proposal, the Agency did not 
propose to make changes to the current definition of scrap metal: 
``bits and pieces of metal parts (e.g., bars, turnings, rods, sheets, 
wire) or metal pieces that are combined together with bolts and 
soldering (e.g., radiators, scrap automobiles, railroad box cars), 
which when worn or superfluous can be recycled.''
    The proposal defined processed scrap metal as ``scrap metal which 
has been manually or mechanically altered to either separate it into 
distinct materials to enhance economic value or to improve the handling 
of materials. Processed scrap metal includes but is not limited to 
scrap metal which has been bailed, shredded, sheared, melted, 
agglomerated (for fines, drosses and related materials which are not 
scrap metal prior to agglomeration) or separated by metal type.'' The 
Agency believes that processed scrap metal being recycled is distinct 
from other secondary materials defined as wastes when recycled due to 
established markets for the material's utilization, inherent positive 
economic value of the material, the physical form of the material, and 
absence of damage incidents attributable to the material, and is 
therefore sufficiently product-like that maintaining RCRA regulatory 
jurisdiction over this material is not necessary. A summary of the 
proposed exclusion from the definition of solid waste for shredded 
circuit boards being recycled follows the discussion of the exclusion 
from the definition of solid waste for processed scrap metal being 
recycled.
2. Modifications to the Proposal
    The Agency received approximately twenty-five comments concerning 
the proposed scrap metal and shredded circuit board exclusions. The 
comments were generally supportive of the exclusions. A background 
document, the major comments received, and Agency responses on the 
proposed processed scrap metal exclusion can be found in the docket for 
this rulemaking. Comments on the shredded circuit board exclusion can 
also be found in this background document.
    In response to comment on the proposed exclusion to the definition 
of solid waste for processed scrap metal being recycled, the Agency has 
made several modifications to the exclusion in the final rule. First, 
the Agency has expanded the exclusion to cover unprocessed home and 
unprocessed prompt scrap metal being recycled. Home scrap is scrap 
metal generated by steel mills, foundries, and refineries such as 
turnings, cuttings, punchings, and borings. Prompt scrap, also known as 
industrial or new scrap metal, is generated by the metal working/
fabrication industries and includes such scrap metal as turnings, 
cuttings, punchings, and borings. These categories of scrap metal do 
not fit the definition of processed scrap metal found in the proposal 
because they often do not require a processing step before being sent 
for recycling. The Agency evaluated unprocessed home scrap and prompt 
scrap metal and found that these categories of scrap metal are 
substantially similar to processed scrap metal due to established 
markets for the material's utilization, inherent positive economic 
value of the material, the physical form of the material, and absence 
of damage incidents attributable to the material. Based on this 
analysis, the Agency has expanded scope of the exclusion to include 
both unprocessed home and unprocessed prompt scrap metal. In the final 
rule, the term ``excluded scrap metal'' will be used to reflect this 
decision. Commenters also suggested the Agency evaluate obsolete scrap 
metal (scrap which is composed of worn out metal or a metal product 
that has outlived it original use, such as automobile hulks, railroad 
cars, aluminum beverage cans, steel beams from torn down buildings, and 
household appliances) using the same factors. The Agency has not found 
sufficient data to fully evaluate unprocessed obsolete scrap metal. 
Therefore, in today's final rule the Agency is not expanding the scope 
of the exclusion from the definition of solid waste to include obsolete 
scrap metal. Providing an exclusion from the definition of solid waste 
for obsolete scrap metal at this time would be premature and is better 
addressed in the Definition of Solid Waste rulemaking, due to be 
proposed in the near future.
    Second, the Agency clarifies that the exclusion for processed scrap 
metal being recycled applies to scrap metal that has undergone a 
processing step (as defined in the preamble to the proposed rule) 
regardless of who does the processing. In other words, a processing 
step may be performed by the generator, an intermediate scrap handler 
(e.g. broker, scrap processor), or a scrap recycler. Once the scrap 
metal has undergone a processing step, it may qualify for today's 
exclusion.
    Third, the Agency has added chopping, crushing, flattening, cutting 
and sorting, processes typically used in the processing of scrap metal 
for recycling, to the definition of processed scrap metal in today's 
final rule. In today's final rule, the definition of processing reads: 
``manually or physically altered to either separate it into distinct 
materials to enhance economic value or to improve the handling of 
materials. Additionally, to avoid confusion, the definition of 
processed scrap metal has been reworded to clarify the status of 
agglomerated fines, drosses and other related materials. Therefore, in 
today's final rule, the category of processed scrap metal now includes 
but is not limited to scrap metal which has been baled, shredded, 
sheared, chopped, crushed, flattened, cut, melted, or separated by 
metal type (i.e., sorted), and, fines, drosses and related materials 
which have been agglomerated.'' Note that circuit boards that are 
shredded and being sent for recycling are covered under the exclusion 
from the definition of solid waste for shredded circuit boards being 
recycled (261.4(a)(13)) see discussion following) and are not covered 
under the definition of excluded scrap metal.

B. Shredded Circuit Boards

1. The Proposal
    In the proposed rule, EPA proposed to exclude shredded circuit 
boards being reclaimed from the definition of solid waste in order to 
facilitate their recovery. 61 F.R. 2339, 2361. The proposed exclusion 
was conditioned on the storage of the shredded circuit boards in 
containers prior to recovery that would be adequate to prevent a 
release of the boards to the environment. This condition was

[[Page 26012]]

specified as a performance standard rather than a design standard to 
allow the handler maximum flexibility in selecting the method of 
containment. Today, EPA is finalizing this exclusion as proposed with 
an additional limitation that shredded circuit boards excluded from 
RCRA jurisdiction be free of mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-
cadmium batteries and lithium batteries.
2. Exclusion for Shredded Circuit Boards Conditioned on Containerized 
Storage Prior to Recovery
    EPA explained in the proposal that shredded circuit boards merit 
exclusion from RCRA regulation in order to facilitate their recovery 
when they are properly stored in containers to prevent their release to 
the environment. As presented in the proposal, the necessity for the 
proposed exclusion for shredded circuit boards is that the process of 
shredding the circuit boards causes the boards to lose the scrap metal 
exemption (see 40 CFR Sec. 261.6(a)(3)(ii)) that currently applies to 
used whole circuit boards. This scrap metal exemption allows used whole 
circuit boards being recycled to be shipped in commerce without being 
subject to RCRA regulation including generator manifesting and export 
requirements. The process of shredding the boards produces small fines 
from the whole board which are dispersible and do not meet the RCRA 
regulatory definition of scrap metal. The application of RCRA 
regulatory provisions to shredded boards may present serious 
disincentives to their recovery. As explained in the proposal, 
generator manifesting and export requirements may result in significant 
delays in shipments of shredded boards to recovery operations such as 
smelters. Many intermediate precious metal reclaimers, e.g. shredders, 
operate on a short cash flow and depend on prompt payment for shipments 
of shredded circuit boards in order to pay the generators of the used 
circuit boards for supplying them to the intermediate reclaimers.
    For the following reasons, EPA believes that shredded circuit 
boards destined for reclamation when properly containerized and free of 
mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium 
batteries are an appropriate secondary material to be excluded from 
RCRA regulation. As discussed in the proposal, shredding is beneficial 
to the recovery process. Shredding improves the recovery of the boards 
by improving handling of shredded boards through increasing the bulk 
density of the boards in the container during shipment. Shredding also 
improves the assaying of the shipment for base metal and precious metal 
content by homogenizing the load thus assuring a representative sample 
is taken for the assay. Shredding also destroys proprietary information 
from generators or manufacturers of the boards thus better assuring 
confidentiality to the generator or manufacturer when making a decision 
to recycle. Some generators may be concerned about proprietary 
information contained in used whole circuit boards being transferred to 
competitors once the boards are out of the generator's control.
    Second, shredded boards have qualities which are similar to primary 
materials such as virgin mineral concentrates that are processed and 
refined for base metal and precious metal values. These qualities 
satisfy the criteria EPA considers when evaluating whether a partially-
reclaimed solid waste is commodity-like and is not part of the waste 
management problem and thus is appropriate to exclude from RCRA 
subtitle C jurisdiction through issuance of a variance. EPA believes 
that these criteria are relevant in determining whether a general 
exclusion is justified. See 40 CFR 261.30(c)& 261.31(c). These criteria 
are: (1) The degree of processing the material has undergone and the 
degree of further processing that is required, (2) the value of the 
material after it has been reclaimed, (3) the degree to which the 
reclaimed material is like an analogous raw material, (4) the extent to 
which an end market for the reclaimed material is guaranteed, (5) the 
extent to which a material is managed to minimize loss and (6) other 
relevant factors (such as the presence of cyanide or other foreign 
materials).
    Regarding the first criterion, shredded circuit boards have been 
processed through shredders, hammer mills and similar devices to 
decrease their size. Value is added to the boards, as indicated above, 
because the boards are easier to handle, assay and ship without 
concerns of generator confidentiality that might exist if the boards 
were shipped to the smelters as whole boards. Further processing for 
the shredded boards includes both smelting and refining to extract base 
metals such as copper and precious metals such as gold, silver and 
platinum group metals. And while a substantial amount of further 
processing remains, EPA believes that shredded circuit boards can be 
thought of as secondary feedstocks similar to primary ore concentrates 
that have undergone beneficiation and are destined for primary mineral 
processing and refining.
    Regarding the second criterion of the value of the material after 
it has been reclaimed, shredded circuit boards generally have positive 
economic value (i.e., the smelter pays the shredder for the assayed 
base and precious metal value of the shipment). The typical price range 
for shredded circuit boards is between a negative $0.25 per lb. and $5 
per lb. One recycling company reported an annual average price of 
shredded circuit boards of $1.50 per pound which is greater than the 
current market price for refined copper metal.
    Regarding the third criterion of how the partially reclaimed 
material compares to the analogous raw material, recyclers have 
indicated that shredded circuit boards typically have assays of that 
average 10 percent copper, between one-half and one-third that of 
primary copper concentrates. Shredded circuit board copper assays 
reported in literature evaluated in completion of this rule ranged 
between 11 percent and 18 percent copper. Shredded circuit boards also 
frequently contain precious metal values such as gold, silver or 
platinum that enhance the economic value of the material. Moreover, the 
reported recycling efficiency for copper, gold, silver and platinum 
exceeds 90 percent for this type of material.
    Although toxic metal content for primary copper concentrates is 
variable depending on the ore body it comes from, reported assays for 
circuit boards are comparable in lead and lower in arsenic content than 
reported primary copper concentrate assays. Although shredded circuit 
boards are comparatively dispersible in comparison to primary copper 
concentrates, the conditional requirement for the exclusion stipulates 
that the shredded circuit boards must be stored in containers 
sufficient to prevent a release to the environment prior to recovery 
reduces any greater likelihood of release from shredded boards in 
comparison to primary copper concentrates.
    The fourth criterion EPA uses to evaluate partially-reclaimed 
secondary materials is the extent to which an end market is guaranteed 
for the material. Continuous demand from primary smelters for base 
metals and precious metals from shredded circuit boards should result 
from the positive economic value of the boards, the relative ease of 
handling and assaying of the boards and the diminishing quantities of 
primary copper ore concentrates. According to the Bureau of Mines 
Mineral Commodity Summaries 1994, reported and apparent

[[Page 26013]]

consumption for copper, silver and platinum group metals has either 
remained constant or increased between 1989 and 1993. Reported 
consumption of gold decreased slightly between 1989 and 1993 from 115 
metric tons and 100 metric tons. Secondary gold production decreased 
slightly over the same period from 158 metric tons to 130 metric tons. 
The price of gold declined over the same period from $382 per troy 
ounce to $355 per troy ounce. By 1996, the price of gold has increased 
to over $380 per troy ounce.
    The fifth criterion EPA uses to evaluate partially-reclaimed 
materials is the extent to which the material is managed to minimize 
loss. The proposed exclusion is conditioned on the proper storage of 
shredded circuit boards in containers prior to recovery. As mentioned 
in the proposal, the shredded boards are usually stored in super sacks 
(sacks that are reinforced woven resin and designed to accommodate bulk 
shipments), gaylord containers (also known as tri-wall boxes composed 
of three layers of cardboard with two layers of corrugation) and 55 
gallon drums. Open bulk shipments of board by rail, truck or barge are 
not within the scope of this exclusion. In addition to the storage 
requirement, the economic value of the boards also provides an 
incentive for handlers to prevent releases to the environment. At an 
average market value of $1.50 per pound for one recycler, the incentive 
to prevent releases is substantial. The Agency notes that 
containerization in and of itself was not the only reason the Agency 
concluded that shredded circuit boards should be excluded from the 
definition of solid waste. The other five factors supported this 
determination as well.
    Finally, EPA considers other relevant factors when evaluating the 
exclusion of partially-reclaimed materials from RCRA jurisdiction 
through the variance. In the context of shredded circuit boards, other 
relevant factors include: (1) The presence of both materials possibly 
attached to printed circuit boards that are ordinarily outside of the 
definition of scrap metal such as mercury switches, mercury relays, 
nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries, and (2) the frequency 
of foreign materials mixed with but not part of the circuit board 
itself. EPA's concern about these materials is discussed below.
3. Limitation on Mercury Switches, Mercury Relays, Nickel-Cadmium 
Batteries and Lithium Batteries
    Printed circuit boards may contain or be incorporated into 
electronic products which contain mercury switches, mercury relays, 
nickel-cadmium batteries, and lithium batteries. EPA is concerned about 
the potential environmental impact of these materials that are 
associated with printed circuit board production and management after 
the boards are spent. Ordinarily, commercial printed circuit board 
recyclers, both intermediate processors (e.g. shredders) and smelters, 
do not want mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries 
and lithium batteries in shipments of shredded boards sent from the 
intermediate processor to the smelter. However, because these items may 
be very small, they may, on occasion, escape visual inspection and 
become shredded along with printed circuit boards. When this happens, 
EPA is concerned about the potential release of mercury or cadmium to 
the environment. For this reason, EPA is limiting the scope of the 
exclusion for shredded boards to shipments that are free of mercury 
switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries or lithium 
batteries. Free of these materials means that mercury switches, mercury 
relays, nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries are not or have 
not been part of the batch of circuit boards shredded to add value. In 
addition, EPA reiterates that in enforcement actions that it is the 
respondent in the action who bears the burden of proof in documenting 
that a material for which an exclusion is claimed from the definition 
of solid waste meets the appropriate regulatory definition or 
exclusion. 40 CFR 261.2(f). Shredded circuit boards that are not free 
of mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries, and 
lithium batteries when reclaimed are solid wastes. This is so because 
these used shredded circuit boards are spent materials. Spent materials 
being reclaimed are solid wastes that, when they exhibit a 
characteristic or are listed, are also hazardous wastes. 40 CFR 
261.1(b)(1), 261.2(c)(3). As stated in the proposal, EPA established in 
1992 that whole used circuit boards could be considered scrap metal. 
The whole used circuit boards are therefore exempt from RCRA 
regulation. See 40 CFR 261.6(a)(3)(ii) stating scrap metal being 
recycled is exempt from RCRA regulation. (Please note that whole used 
circuit boards which contain mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-
cadmium batteries, or lithium batteries also do not meet the definition 
of scrap metal because mercury (being a liquid metal) and batteries are 
not within the scope of the definition of scrap metal. See 50 F.R. 614, 
624 (January 4, 1985).) As stated in the proposal shredded circuit 
boards do not meet the definition of scrap metal because the shredded 
material contains fines which are too small to qualify as scrap metal. 
Shredded circuit boards that are not free of mercury switches, mercury 
relays, nickel-cadmium batteries, and lithium batteries would be 
subject to applicable parts of RCRA regulation, 40 CFR Parts 260 
through 266, Part 268, Part 270, Part 273 and Part 124. Shredded 
circuit boards with economically recoverable quantities of precious 
metals are still eligible for conditional exemption from regulation 
under 40 CFR Part 266 Subpart F. This provision allows recyclable 
materials containing an economically recoverable amount of precious 
metals to be exempt from many RCRA regulatory provisions. However, 
these materials are still subject to manifesting, export and 
speculative accumulation requirements. 40 CFR 266.70.
4. Clarification of Regulatory Status of Secondary Materials Associated 
With the Generation or Management of Circuit Boards
    Several commenters requested clarification in today's rule about 
the current regulatory status of secondary materials associated with 
the generation or management of printed circuit boards. These materials 
include: spent solder baths (pot dumps), sweeps, baghouse dust, and 
solder dross. These commenters also requested exclusion of these 
materials from RCRA jurisdiction in today's rule.
    Spent solder baths, also known as pot dumps, are solidified pieces 
of tin-lead solder baths used in the production of printed circuit 
boards. Prior to 1993, EPA had classified spent solder baths as spent 
materials, which, absent the scrap metal designation, would be fully 
regulated under RCRA hazardous waste regulation. In 1993, EPA issued a 
letter to the Lead Industries Association stating that spent solder 
baths meet the definition of scrap metal and are therefore exempt from 
RCRA regulation under the regulatory exemption for scrap metal being 
recycled. This interpretation continues to be the Agency view.
    Sweeps refer alternatively to a powdered material that is a residue 
of thermal recovery of precious metal-bearing secondary material (often 
ash that is crushed into particulate form in a ball mill or similar 
device) or particulate material that is collected from firms handling 
precious metals such as jewelers and metal finishers. Sweeps have been 
previously classified

[[Page 26014]]

by EPA as a by-product. 2 As such, when sent for 
reclamation, sweeps are not solid waste and are excluded from RCRA 
jurisdiction regulation when considered hazardous solely by exhibiting 
a characteristic. Characteristic by-products are not solid wastes when 
reclaimed. 40 CFR 261.2(c)(3). In contrast, when sweeps are derived 
from source material that meets the description of a listed hazardous 
waste, the sweeps are solid wastes that are also hazardous wastes and 
are regulated under the appropriate RCRA regulation provisions. 40 CFR 
261.2(c)(3). For example, often combustible material such as a rag, 
filter or paper is used to clean up a secondary material such as a 
spent solvent that may: (1) contain precious metals and (2) meets one 
of the F001 through F005 listing descriptions for solvents. The rag, 
filter or paper will be burned to an ash that it homogenized in order 
to assay its precious metal content. The ash when crushed is turned 
into a sweep. The sweep carries the F-listed hazardous waste code that 
was associated with the original source material (i.e., solvent). 
Listed by-products, in contrast to characteristic by-products, are 
solid and hazardous wastes when reclaimed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ August 26, 1992 memorandum from Sylvia K. Lowrance, 
Director, U.S.E.P.A., Office of Solid Waste to Waste Management 
Division Directors U.S.E.P.A., Regions I-X on the Regulatory Status 
of Printed Circuit Boards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA has classified baghouse dust from precious metal recovery 
furnaces as a sludge. 3 As with the by-product 
classification for sweeps, baghouse dust is not a solid and hazardous 
waste when it would be considered hazardous only for exhibiting a 
characteristic such as toxicity. However, if the source material to the 
furnace contained a listed hazardous waste, then the baghouse dust 
would be considered a solid and hazardous waste due to its 
classification as a listed sludge being reclaimed. Also as with the 
sweeps, even if the baghouse dust is a listed sludge, it may still be 
conditionally exempt from RCRA regulation under 40 CFR Part 266 Subpart 
F if it contains economically recoverable levels of precious metals.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ Ibid.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, EPA currently classifies solder dross as a characteristic 
by-product when reclaimed. As such, this material is already excluded 
from the definition of solid waste and not regulated under the RCRA 
regulations. Therefore, including solder dross in today's final rule 
would be duplicative.

IX. State Authority

A. Applicability of Rules in Authorized States

    Under section 3006 of RCRA, EPA may authorize qualified States to 
administer and enforce the RCRA program within the State. Following 
authorization, EPA retains enforcement authority under sections 3008, 
3013, and 7003 of RCRA, although authorized States have primary 
enforcement responsibility. The standards and requirements for 
authorization are found in 40 CFR Part 271.
    Prior to HSWA, a State with final authorization administered its 
hazardous waste program in lieu of EPA administering the Federal 
program in that State. The Federal requirements no longer applied in 
the authorized State, and EPA could not issue permits for any 
facilities that the State was authorized to permit. When new, more 
stringent Federal requirements were promulgated or enacted, the State 
was obliged to enact equivalent authority within specified time frames. 
New Federal requirements did not take effect in an authorized State 
until the State adopted the requirements as State law.
    In contrast, under RCRA section 3006(g) (42 U.S.C. 6926(g)), new 
requirements and prohibitions imposed by HSWA take effect in authorized 
States at the same time that they take effect in unauthorized States. 
EPA is directed to carry out these requirements and prohibitions in 
authorized States, including the issuance of permits, until the State 
is granted authorization to do so.
    Today's treatment standards for wood preserving wastes are being 
promulgated pursuant to sections 3004 (d) through (k), and 3004(m), of 
RCRA (42 U.S.C. 6924 (d) through (k), and 6924(m)). Therefore, the 
Agency is adding today's rule to Table 1 in 40 CFR 271.1(j), which 
identifies the Federal program requirements that are promulgated 
pursuant to HSWA. States may apply for final authorization for the HSWA 
provisions in Table 1, as discussed in the following section of this 
preamble. Table 2 in 40 CFR 271.1(j) is also modified to indicate that 
this rule is a self-implementing provision of HSWA.

B. Abbreviated Authorization Procedures

    In the August 22, 1995, LDR Phase IV proposed rule, EPA proposed a 
set of streamlined authorization procedures that would apply to new 
rules that were minor or routine in nature. This procedure was designed 
to expedite the authorization process by reducing the scope of a 
State's submittal, for authorization, to a State certification and 
copies of applicable regulations and statutes. EPA would then conduct a 
short review of the State's request, primarily consisting of a 
completeness check (see 60 FR 43686 for a full description of the 
proposed procedures). In the HWIR-Media proposed rule, EPA proposed 
another set of abbreviated authorization procedures for more 
significant rulemakings, called Category 2 (see 61 FR 18780, April 29, 
1996). In this latter proposal, EPA designated the procedures outlined 
in the Phase IV proposal as Category 1. In that proposal, EPA also 
presented an expanded discussion on the need for and the intent of the 
streamlined procedures. EPA also proposed a set of modified Category 1 
procedures for the authorization of a proposed rule for mineral 
processing wastes on January 25, 1996 (see 62 FR 2338).
    Although EPA is firmly committed to streamlining the RCRA State 
authorization procedures, the Agency has decided not to finalize the 
proposed Category 1 authorization procedures in today's notice. EPA 
believes that public comments from the August 22, 1995, and January 25, 
1996, proposals and comments submitted for the recent HWIR-contaminated 
media proposal should all be considered before finalizing new 
procedures for authorization. This full consideration will enable EPA 
to make the best decision regarding how the authorization process 
should work. EPA intends to address all significant public comments for 
all three notices and finalize streamlined authorization procedures 
when the HWIR-Media rule is promulgated.

C. Effect on State Authorization

    Because today's Phase IV LDR rule is being promulgated under HSWA 
authority, those sections of today's rule that expand the coverage of 
the LDR program (e.g., to newly listed wood preserving wastes) would be 
implemented by EPA on the effective date of today's rule in authorized 
States until their programs are modified to adopt these rules and the 
modification is approved by EPA. These new treatment standards also 
result in a more stringent Federal program than before. Therefore 
States are required to adopt them in accordance with the requirements 
below.
    Because today's rule is promulgated pursuant to HSWA, a State 
submitting a program modification may apply to receive interim or final 
authorization under RCRA section 3006(g)(2) or 3006(b), respectively, 
on the basis of

[[Page 26015]]

requirements that are substantially equivalent or equivalent to EPA's. 
The procedures and schedule for State program modifications for final 
authorization are described in 40 CFR 271.21. It should be noted that 
all HSWA interim authorizations will expire January 1, 2003. (See 
Sec. 271.24 and 57 FR 60132, December 18, 1992.)
    Section 271.21(e)(2) requires that States with final authorization 
must modify their programs to reflect Federal program changes and to 
subsequently submit the modification to EPA for approval. The deadline 
by which the State would have to modify its program to adopt these 
regulations is specified in section 271.21(e). This deadline can be 
extended in certain cases (see section 271.21(e)(3)). Once EPA approves 
the modification, the State requirements become Subtitle C RCRA 
requirements.
    States with authorized RCRA programs may already have requirements 
similar to those in today's rule. These State regulations have not been 
assessed against the Federal regulations being proposed today to 
determine whether they meet the tests for authorization. Thus, a State 
is not authorized to implement these requirements in lieu of EPA until 
the State program modifications are approved. Of course, states with 
existing standards could continue to administer and enforce their 
standards as a matter of State law. In implementing the Federal 
program, EPA will work with States under agreements to minimize 
duplication of efforts. In most cases, EPA expects that it will be able 
to defer to the States in their efforts to implement their programs 
rather than take separate actions under Federal authority.
    States that submit official applications for final authorization 
less than 12 months after the effective date of these regulations may, 
but are not required to include standards equivalent to these 
regulations in their application. However, the State must modify its 
program by the deadline set forth in Sec. 271.21(e). States that submit 
official applications for final authorization 12 months after the 
effective date of these regulations must include standards equivalent 
to these regulations in their application. The requirements a State 
must meet when submitting its final authorization application are set 
forth in 40 CFR 271.3.

D. Less Stringent Requirements

    Section 3009 of RCRA allows States to impose standards that are 
more stringent than the Federal program (see 40 CFR 270.1(i)). Thus, 
for those Federal changes that are less stringent or reduce the scope 
of the Federal program, States are not required to modify their 
programs. EPA views the parts of today's rule other than the new 
treatment standards for newly listed wood preserving wastes to be less 
stringent. However, since these other parts of today's final rule make 
significant improvements to the LDR program, EPA strongly encourages 
States to adopt and become authorized for them.

X. Regulatory Requirements

A. Regulatory Impact Analysis Pursuant to Executive Order 12866

    Executive Order No. 12866 requires agencies to determine whether a 
regulatory action is ``significant.'' The Order defines a 
``significant'' regulatory action as one that ``is likely to result in 
a rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 
million or more or adversely affect, in a material way, the economy, a 
sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the 
environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal 
governments or communities; (2) create serious inconsistency or 
otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency; 
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user 
fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients; or 
(4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, 
the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the 
Executive Order.''
    The Agency estimated the costs of today's final rule to determine 
if it is a significant regulation as defined by the Executive Order. 
The analysis considered compliance cost and economic impacts for newly 
listed and identified wastes affected by this rule. This rule covers 
three wood preserving wastes (F032, F034, and F035). EPA has determined 
that this rule is significant according to the definition in Executive 
Order 12866. Accordingly, this rule has been reviewed by the Office of 
Management and Budget.
    Detailed discussions of the methodology used for estimating the 
costs, economic impacts and the benefits attributable to today's final 
rule, followed by a presentation of the cost, economic impact and 
benefit results may be found in the background document, ``Regulatory 
Impact Analysis of the Final Phase IV Land Disposal Restrictions 
Rule,'' which was placed in the docket for today's final rule.
1. Methodology Section
    The Agency estimated the volumes of waste affected by today's rule 
to determine the national level incremental costs (for both the 
baseline and post-regulatory scenarios), economic impacts (defined as 
the difference between the industrial activity under post-regulatory 
conditions and the industrial activity in the absence of regulation), 
and benefits (including estimation of pollutant loadings reductions, 
estimation of reductions in exceedences of health-based levels, and 
qualitative description of the potential benefits.) The procedure for 
estimating the volumes of newly listed wood preserving wastes affected 
by today's final rule is detailed in the background document 
``Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Final Phase IV Land Disposal 
Restrictions Rule for Wood Preserving Wastes, F032, F034 and F035,'' 
which was placed in the docket for today's final rule.
2. Volume Results
    The Agency has estimated that 469 active facilities generate an 
estimated range of 3,860 tons to 18,808 tons annually of newly listed 
wood preserving wastes including F032, F034, and F035 nonwastewaters. 
The Agency has estimated that active 469 facilities generate an 
estimated range of 3,860 tons to 18,808 tons annually of newly listed 
wood preserving wastes including F032, F034, and F035 nonwastewaters. 
In addition the Agency has estimated that there are approximately 1000 
inactive or abandoned wood preserving sites that have contaminated soil 
and debris that may require some type of remediation. One Agency 
estimate for the total volume of wood preserving contaminated soil and 
debris requiring either in-situ or ex-situ treatment is 37 million tons 
based on an extrapolation of the average quantity of excavated soils 
from wood preserving Superfund sites. For purposes of the capacity 
analysis in today's rule, the Agency is using an alternate estimate of 
over 100,000 tons as the basis of setting the national capacity 
variance for wood preserving soil and debris.
3. Cost Results
    EPA estimated the incremental treatment cost attributable to Phase 
IV LDRs to total between $3.1 million and $17.7 million per year for 
generators of newly listed wood preserving wastes. In addition, EPA has 
estimated that administrative requirements for reporting and record 
keeping from today's rule will result in a cost of $0.2 million per 
year for owners and

[[Page 26016]]

operators of inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites. This 
estimate is based on the costs of thermal destruction and stabilization 
of F032 and F034 non-wastewaters; the costs of stabilization of F035 
non-wastewaters; and the incremental cost of disposing of the residuals 
from the treatment of the 3,860-18,808 tons of waste.
    Today's final rule provides a two year capacity variance during 
which cleanups of these sites may continue without being affected by 
the Land Disposal Restriction treatment standards promulgated in 
today's rule. This provision will reduce the costs of managing media 
contaminated by these listed wastes to the extent that facility 
operators and site managers take advantage of it. Also, many sites are 
using in-situ remedies where no soil is excavated at the site. This 
type of remediation does not trigger any of the requirements 
promulgated in today's rule.
    Prospectively, future rulemakings such as the Hazardous Waste 
Indentification Final Rule for contaminated media may result in 
quantities of contaminated soil being removed from RCRA jurisdiction or 
subject to less rigorous cleanup levels than the current universal 
treatment standards. Inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites may 
avail themselves of exemptions from today's promulgated treatment 
standards such as a no-migration petition (40 CFR Part 268.6) or site 
specific treatability variances (40 CFR Part 268.44(h)). Further 
reductions in treatment cost will accrue to the extent that (1) EPA 
acts to remove media contaminated with these listed wastes from RCRA 
jurisdiction and (2) facility operators and site managers petition for, 
and EPA grants, these no-migration petitions and treatability 
variances. For the foregoing reasons, EPA does not believe that 
incremental treatment costs will accrue to contaminated media cleanups 
at inactive or abandoned wood preserving sites. Accordingly, EPA has 
not estimated incremental treatment costs that would result from the 
selection of a more expensive remedy in order to avoid triggering LDR 
treatment requirements. Although EPA believes that this scenario is 
unlikely, such costs are possible.
    With respect to media contaminated with listed wood preserving 
wastes, EPA's estimate of the costs of today's final rule includes only 
the administrative costs of applying for treatability variances which 
the Agency has the discretion to grant subsequent to this action. EPA 
estimates that there are 35 million tons of such contaminated media 
that incur administrative costs for treatability variances, waste 
analysis plans, and other RCRA activities. The Agency will estimate the 
volume and cost of remediating contaminated media as affected by the 
HWIR Contaminated Media final rule. This will include the evaluation of 
all soils and sludges that would otherwise have been treated in-situ 
whose management and treatment costs could change, either because of 
provisions of the HWIR Contaminated Media final rule; changes in 
relative prices for alternative treatment technologies; or increases in 
market prices of treatment resulting from such shifts in demand. EPA 
will use the same baseline for estimating these costs that the Agency 
uses to estimate cost savings.
4. Economic Impact Results
    The Agency has estimated the economic impacts of today's final rule 
to be small. EPA conducted an initial screening analysis of the impacts 
of the Phase IV LDR rule on small wood preserving facilities. Results 
of the initial screening analysis indicate that the cost of compliance 
for the majority of active wood preserving facilities that use 
inorganic wood preservatives and generate F035 wastes is less than one 
percent of total their estimated revenues. In contrast, active wood 
preserving facilities that use creosote and pentachlorophenol as a 
preservatives and generated F032 and F034 wastes have been estimated to 
incur upper bound compliance costs that may exceed one percent of this 
subsector's revenues.
    Some active wood preserving facilities that use creosote and 
pentachlorophenol as preservatives may incur upper bound compliance 
costs that will exceed one percent of their estimated revenues. EPA 
believes, however, that in looking at the affected universe of active 
wood preserving facilities, today's final rule will not constitute a 
significant impact to a substantial number of them. First, only 18 or 
roughly 4 percent of over 469 wood preserving facilities are expected 
to incur compliance costs that exceed 2 percent of their revenues or 
more than 25 percent of their long run profits. Of the remaining 49 
facilities or 10 percent with upper bound estimated compliance costs 
exceeding 1 percent of their revenue, none are expected to incur 
compliance costs exceeding 2 percent of firm revenues or 25 percent of 
long term profits. Second, industry information suggests that there is 
a trend within the wood preserving industry away from using 
pentachlorophenol as a preservative. Product substitution to other 
nontoxic or toxic preservatives resulting in less expensive treatment 
of wastes may result in lower costs to these wood preserving 
facilities. Finally, data collected to estimate the upper bound 
quantity of F032 generated at these facilities included values for 
mixed F032/F034/F035 wastes (meaning that the generator reported 
combined volumes for F032 and other wood preserving wastes) such that 
the total volume of F032 is probably much lower than the data suggests.
    For inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites that require 
remediation, EPA believes that there should not be a significant 
economic impact resulting from today's rule. Of the estimated 1000 
sites, based on the frequency of wood preserving Superfund cleanups, 
EPA projects that over 200 inactive and abandoned sites will use in-
situ remedies and thus not incur any costs under today's rule. In 
addition, EPA projects that the remaining 800 sites will incur only 
administrative costs associated with recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements that average $240 in annualized cost per site. Given that 
the reported average cost of cleaning up wood preserving Superfund 
sites is $9.3 million,4 EPA believes that these 
administrative costs should not significantly affect remedial 
activities at inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ Shreekant Gupta, George Van Houtven, and Maureen L. Cropper, 
``Do Benefits and Costs Matter in Environmental Regulation? '', in 
anaylzing Superfund, Economics, Science and Law, ed. Richard L. 
Revesz and Richard B. Stewart (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the 
Future, 1996), p. 97.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Benefit Estimate Results
    EPA has not performed analysis sufficient to estimate risks to 
actual individuals or populations exposed to these listed wastes under 
conditions of Subtitle C management without LDRs. However, EPA has 
completed a qualitative benefits analysis of the types of benefits that 
may result from today's rule. This analysis is described in greater 
detail in the regulatory impact analysis for newly identified listed 
wood preserving hazardous waste placed in today's docket. Benefits for 
this final rule as measured by individual or population risk reduction 
require substantially more information than the Agency has available 
now. Further, site specific information on waste characterization, 
hydrogeological parameters, meteorological conditions and demographic 
patterns would be needed for a representative number of facilities 
before national estimates of

[[Page 26017]]

population risk could be calculated. The Agency does not have 
sufficient information to complete a quantitative individual or 
population risk estimate.
    While waste management rules to protect ground water have been 
promulgated in the past to control otherwise unacceptable individual 
risks, it is unusual to predict high `population risks' unless there is 
an unusually large water supply well impacted by the facility, simply 
because ground water contamination generally moves slowly and locally. 
It has been the agency's experience that regulations with land disposal 
restrictions have been found to produce relatively small, quantifiable 
population risk reductions to individuals exposed to contaminated 
groundwater via private wells. For example, in the analysis of Land 
Disposal Restrictions Phase II (40 CFR Parts 148, et al.) for organic 
toxicity wastes, some of the individual risk were in the range of 
10-4, the population risk reductions were found to be only 
about 0.22 cases of cancer per year.
    If population densities and prevalence of private ground water 
wells around wood preserving facilities are similar to other waste 
management facilities, it is the Agency's expectation that land 
disposal restrictions for hazardous wood preserving wastes would also 
achieve relatively small, quantifiable population risk reductions. For 
these reasons and the data limitations cited above, the Agency has not 
attempted to address the quantification of population risk reduction 
for this final rule.
    Nevertheless, the Agency has concluded that LDR rules like today's 
rule may produce benefits in the area of ecological risk reduction and 
reduced natural resource damage. EPA has not developed a quantitative 
assessment of these benefits categories because of budgetary and data 
limitations.

B. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

    Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, 5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq., when an agency publishes a notice of rulemaking, for a rule that 
will have a significant effect on a substantial number of small 
entities, the agency must prepare and make available for public comment 
a regulatory flexibility analysis that considers the effect of the rule 
on small entities (i.e.: small businesses, small organizations, and 
small governmental jurisdictions).
    In assessing the regulatory approach for dealing with small 
entities in today's proposed rule, the Agency had to consider that due 
to the statutory requirements of the RCRA LDR program, no legal avenues 
exist for the Agency to provide relief from the LDR's for small 
entities. The only relief available for small entities is the existing 
small quantity generator provisions and conditionally exempt small 
quantity generator exemptions found in 40 CFR 262.11-12, and 261.5, 
respectively. These exemptions basically prescribe 100 kilograms (kg) 
per calendar month generation of hazardous waste as the limit below 
which one is exempted from complying with the RCRA standards.
    Given this statutory constraint, the Agency was unable to frame a 
series of small entity options from which to select the lowest cost 
approach; rather, the Agency was legally bound to regulate the land 
disposal of the hazardous wastes covered in today's rule without regard 
to the size of the entity being regulated. For the reasons stated above 
in the economic impact discussion of section X.A, I hereby certify that 
today's final rule will not have a significant impact on a substantial 
number of small entities in the wood preserving sector.

C. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMBRA), 
Public Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to 
assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, Tribal, and 
local governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the 
UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-
benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal 
mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, and Tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 
million or more in any one year. When a written statement is needed for 
an EPA rule, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify 
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt 
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative 
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, 
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least 
costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative if the 
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that 
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory 
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small 
governments, including Tribal governments, it must have developed under 
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must 
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, giving 
them meaningful and timely input in the development of EPA regulatory 
proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and 
informing, educating, and advising them on compliance with the 
regulatory requirements.
    EPA has determined that this rule does not contain a Federal 
mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for 
State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private 
sector in any one year. EPA has estimated that the total potential cost 
to State, local, and Tribal governments would not exceed approximately 
$200,000 per year over ten years. Thus, today's rule is not subject to 
the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA.

D. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection requirements in this rule have been 
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An 
Information Collection Request (ICR) document has been prepared by EPA: 
OSWER ICR No. 1442.14 would amend the existing ICR approved under OMB 
Control No. 2050-0085. This ICR has not been approved by OMB and the 
information collection requirements, although they are less stringent 
than those previously required by the EPA, are not enforceable until 
OMB approves the ICR. EPA will publish a document in the Federal 
Register when OMB approves the information collection requirements 
showing the valid OMB control number. Until then, persons are not 
required to respond to collections of information in this ICR.
    Copies of this ICR may be obtained from Sandy Farmer, OPPE 
Regulatory Information Division; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 
(2136); 401 M St., S.W.; Washington, D.C. 20460 or by calling (202) 
260-2740. Include the ICR number in any request.
    The annual public reporting and recordkeeping burden for this 
collection of information is estimated to be reduced by 8 hours per 
response. Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources 
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or 
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time 
needed to review instructions; develop acquire, install, and utilize 
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and 
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and 
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements, 
train personnel to be able to respond to a

[[Page 26018]]

collection of information; search data sources; complete and review the 
collection of information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the 
information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not 
required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays 
a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's 
regulations are listed in 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.
    Send comments on the Agency's burden reduction, the accuracy of the 
provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing 
respondent burden, including through the use of automated collection of 
techniques to the Director, OPPE Regulatory Information Division; U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (2136); 401 M St., S.W.; Washington, DC 
20460; and to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office 
of Management and Budget, 725 17th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20503, 
marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.'' Include the ICR number in 
any correspondence.

XI. Environmental Justice

A. Applicability of Executive Order 12898

    EPA is committed to address environmental justice concerns and is 
assuming a leadership role in environmental justice initiatives to 
enhance environmental quality for all residents of the United States. 
The Agencies goals are to ensure that no segment of the population, 
regardless of race, color, national origin, or income bears 
disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental 
effects as a result of EPA's policies, programs, and activities, and 
all people live in clean and sustainable communities.

B. Potential Effects

    Today's rule is intended to reduce risks of disposing hazardous 
wastes, and to benefit all populations. This rule is not expected to 
cause any disproportionate impacts to minority or low income 
communities versus affluent or non-minority communities.

XII. Submission to Congress and General Accounting Office

    Under 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A) as added by the Small Business 
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, EPA submitted a report 
containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, 
the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the 
General Accounting Office prior to publication of the rule in today's 
Federal Register. This rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 
U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 148

    Administrative practice and procedure, Hazardous waste, Reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements, Water supply.

40 CFR Part 261

    Environmental protection, Hazardous waste, Recycling, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 268

    Environmental protection, Hazardous waste, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 271

    Administrative practice and procedure, Hazardous materials 
transportation, Hazardous waste, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    Dated: April 18, 1997.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, Title 40, chapter I of the 
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:

PART 148--HAZARDOUS WASTE INJECTION RESTRICTIONS

    1. The authority citation for Part 148 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: Section 3004, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 
42 U.S.C. 6901, et seq.

    2. Section 148.18 is amended by revising the heading, redesignating 
paragraphs (a) through (c) as (c) through (e) respectively, and by 
adding paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:


Sec. 148.18  Waste specific prohibitions--newly listed and identified 
wastes.

    (a) Effective August 11, 1997, the wastes specified in 40 CFR part 
261 as EPA Hazardous waste numbers F032, F034, F035 are prohibited from 
underground injection.
    (b) Effective May 12, 1999, the wastes specified in 40 CFR part 261 
as EPA Hazardous waste numbers F032, F034, F035 that are mixed with 
radioactive wastes are prohibited from underground injection.
* * * * *

PART 261--IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

Subpart A--General

    3. The authority citation for part 261 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6921, 6922, 6924(y), and 
6938.

    4. Section 261.1 is amended by adding paragraphs (c) (9) through 
(12) to read as follows:


Sec. 261.1  Purpose and scope.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (9) ``Excluded scrap metal'' is processed scrap metal, unprocessed 
home scrap metal, and unprocessed prompt scrap metal.
    (10) ``Processed scrap metal'' is scrap metal which has been 
manually or physically altered to either separate it into distinct 
materials to enhance economic value or to improve the handling of 
materials. Processed scrap metal includes, but is not limited to scrap 
metal which has been baled, shredded, sheared, chopped, crushed, 
flattened, cut, melted, or separated by metal type (i.e., sorted), and, 
fines, drosses and related materials which have been agglomerated. 
(Note: shredded circuit boards being sent for recycling are not 
considered processed scrap metal. They are covered under the exclusion 
from the definition of solid waste for shredded circuit boards being 
recycled (Sec. 261.4(a)(13)).
    (11) ``Home scrap metal'' is scrap metal as generated by steel 
mills, foundries, and refineries such as turnings, cuttings, punchings, 
and borings.
    (12) ``Prompt scrap metal'' is scrap metal as generated by the 
metal working/fabrication industries and includes such scrap metal as 
turnings, cuttings, punchings, and borings. Prompt scrap is also known 
as industrial or new scrap metal.
    5. Section 261.2(c) is amended by revising table 1 to read as 
follows:


Sec. 261.2  Definition of solid waste.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *

[[Page 26019]]



                                                     Table 1                                                    
                                                                                                                
                                   Use constituting    Energy recovery/                           Speculative   
                                    disposal (Sec.        fuel (Sec.       Reclamation (Sec.  accumulation (Sec.
                                     261.2(c)(1))        261.2(c)(2))        261.2(c)(3))         261.2(c)(4))  
                                              (1)                 (2)                 (3)                 (4)   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spent Materials.................              (*)                 (*)                 (*)                 (*)   
Sludges (listed in 40 CFR Part                                                                                  
 261.31 or 261.32...............              (*)                 (*)                 (*)                 (*)   
Sludges exhibiting a                                                                                            
 characteristic of hazardous                                                                                    
 waste..........................              (*)                 (*)     ..................              (*)   
By-products (listed in 40 CFR                                                                                   
 261.31 or 261.32)..............              (*)                 (*)                 (*)                 (*)   
By-products exhibiting a                                                                                        
 characteristic of hazardous                                                                                    
 waste..........................              (*)                 (*)     ..................              (*)   
Commercial chemical products                                                                                    
 listed in 40 CFR 261.33........              (*)                 (*)     ..................  ..................
Scrap metal other than excluded                                                                                 
 scrap metal (see 261.1(c)(9))..              (*)                 (*)                 (*)                 (*)   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: The terms ``spent materials'', ``sludges'', ``by-products'', and ``scrap metal'' and ``processed scrap    
  metal'' are defined in Sec.  261.1.                                                                           

* * * * *
    6. Section 261.4(a) is amended by adding paragraphs (a) (13) and 
(14) to read as follows:


Sec. 261.4  Exclusions.

    (a) *  *  *
    (13) Excluded scrap metal (processed scrap metal, unprocessed home 
scrap metal, and unprocessed prompt scrap metal) being recycled.
    (14) Shredded circuit boards being recycled provided that they are:
    (i) Stored in containers sufficient to prevent a release to the 
environment prior to recovery; and
    (ii) Free of mercury switches, mercury relays and nickel-cadmium 
batteries and lithium batteries.
* * * * *
    7. Section 261.6 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(3)(ii) to 
read as follows:


Sec. 261.6  Requirements for recyclable materials.

    (a) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (ii) Scrap metal that is not excluded under Sec. 261.4(a)(13);
* * * * *

PART 268--LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS

    8. The authority citation for part 268 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6921, and 6924.

Subpart A--General

    9. Section 268.1 is amended by revising paragraph (e) to read as 
follows:


Sec. 268.1  Purpose, scope and applicability.

* * * * *
    (e) The following hazardous wastes are not subject to any provision 
of part 268:
    (1) Waste generated by small quantity generators of less than 100 
kilograms of non-acute hazardous waste or less than 1 kilogram of acute 
hazardous waste per month, as defined in Sec. 261.5 of this chapter;
    (2) Waste pesticides that a farmer disposes of pursuant to 
Sec. 262.70;
    (3) Wastes identified or listed as hazardous after November 8, 1984 
for which EPA has not promulgated land disposal prohibitions or 
treatment standards;
    (4) De minimis losses of characteristic wastes to wastewaters are 
not considered to be prohibited wastes and are defined as losses from 
normal material handling operations (e.g. spills from the unloading or 
transfer of materials from bins or other containers, leaks from pipes, 
valves or other devices used to transfer materials); minor leaks of 
process equipment, storage tanks or containers; leaks from well-
maintained pump packings and seals; sample purgings; and relief device 
discharges; discharges from safety showers and rinsing and cleaning of 
personal safety equipment; rinsate from empty containers or from 
containers that are rendered empty by that rinsing; and laboratory 
wastes not exceeding one per cent of the total flow of wastewater into 
the facility's headworks on an annual basis, or with a combined 
annualized average concentration not exceeding one part per million in 
the headworks of the facility's wastewater treatment or pretreatment 
facility.
* * * * *
    10. Section 268.4 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(2)(iv), and 
(a)(4) introductory text to read as follows:


Sec. 268.4  Treatment surface impoundment exemption.

    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iv) Recordkeeping: Sampling and testing and recordkeeping 
provisions of Secs. 264.13 and 265.13 of this chapter apply.
* * * * *
    (4) The owner or operator submits to the Regional Administrator a 
written certification that the requirements of Sec. 268.4(a)(3) have 
been met. The following certification is required:
* * * * *
    11. Section 268.7 is amended by revising the section heading: 
revising paragraph (a); by removing paragraph (b)(2) and redesignating 
paragraphs (b)(3) through (b)(7) as (b)(2) through (b)(6) respectively; 
and by revising the introductory text of paragraph (b), and revising 
paragraphs (b)(1), newly designated paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(4), 
(c)(1), and (c)(2) to read as follows:


Sec. 268.7  Testing, tracking, and recordkeeping requirements for 
generators, treaters, and disposal facilities.

    (a) Requirements for generators: (1) Determine if the waste has to 
be treated before being land disposed, as follows: A generator of a 
hazardous waste must determine if the waste has to be treated before it 
can be land disposed. This is done by determining if the hazardous 
waste meets the treatment standards in Sec. 268.40 or Sec. 268.45. This 
determination can be made in either of two ways: testing the waste or 
using knowledge of the waste. If the generator tests the waste, testing 
would normally determine the total concentration of hazardous 
constituents, or the concentration of hazardous constituents in an 
extract of the waste obtained using test method 1311 in ``Test Methods 
for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,'' EPA 
Publication SW-846, as referenced in Sec. 260.11 of this chapter, 
depending on whether the treatment standard for the waste is expressed 
as a total concentration or concentration of hazardous constituent in 
the waste's extract. In addition, some hazardous wastes must be treated 
by particular treatment methods before they can be land disposed. These 
treatment standards are also found in Sec. 268.40, and are described in 
detail in Sec. 268.42, Table 1. These wastes do not need to be tested 
(however, if they are

[[Page 26020]]

in a waste mixture, other wastes with concentration level treatment 
standards would have to be tested). If a generator determines they are 
managing a waste that displays a hazardous characteristic of 
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity, they must comply 
with the special requirements of Sec. 268.9 of this part in addition to 
any applicable requirements in this section.
    (2) If the waste does not meet the treatment standard: With the 
initial shipment of waste to each treatment or storage facility, the 
generator must send a one-time written notice to each treatment or 
storage facility receiving the waste, and place a copy in the file. The 
notice must include the information in column ``268.7(a)(2)'' of the 
Generator Paperwork Requirements Table in Sec. 268.7(a)(4). No further 
notification is necessary until such time that the waste or facility 
change, in which case a new notification must be sent and a copy placed 
in the generator's file.
    (3) If the waste meets the treatment standard at the original point 
of generation:
    (i) With the initial shipment of waste to each treatment, storage, 
or disposal facility, the generator must send a one-time written notice 
to each treatment, storage, or disposal facility receiving the waste, 
and place a copy in the file. The notice must include the information 
indicated in column ``268.7(a)(3)'' of the Generator Paperwork 
Requirements Table in Sec. 268.7(a)(4) and the following certification 
statement, signed by an authorized representative:

    I certify under penalty of law that I personally have examined 
and am familiar with the waste through analysis and testing or 
through knowledge of the waste to support this certification that 
the waste complies with the treatment standards specified in 40 CFR 
part 268 subpart D. I believe that the information I submitted is 
true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant 
penalties for submitting a false certification, including the 
possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

    (ii) If the waste changes, the generator must send a new notice and 
certification to the receiving facility, and place a copy in their 
files. Generators of hazardous debris excluded from the definition of 
hazardous waste under Sec. 261.3(f) of this chapter are not subject to 
these requirements.
    (4) For reporting, tracking and recordkeeping when exceptions allow 
certain wastes that do not meet the treatment standards to be land 
disposed: There are certain exemptions from the requirement that 
hazardous wastes meet treatment standards before they can be land 
disposed. These include, but are not limited to case-by-case extensions 
under Sec. 268.5, disposal in a no-migration unit under Sec. 268.6, or 
a national capacity variance or case-by-case capacity variance under 
subpart C of this part. If a generator's waste is so exempt, then with 
the initial shipment of waste, the generator must send a one-time 
written notice to each land disposal facility receiving the waste. The 
notice must include the information indicated in column ``268.7(a)(4)'' 
of the Generator Paperwork Requirements Table below. If the waste 
changes, the generator must send a new notice to the receiving 
facility, and place a copy in their files.

                                     Generator Paperwork Requirements Table                                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Sec.  268.7   Sec.  268.7   Sec.  268.7   Sec.  268.7
                  Required information                       (a)(2)        (a)(3)        (a)(4)        (a)(9)   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. EPA Hazardous Waste and Manifest numbers.............                            
2. Statement: this waste is not prohibited from land                                                            
 disposal...............................................                                                 
3. The waste is subject to the LDRs. The constituents of                                                        
 concern for F001-F005, and F039, and underlying                                                                
 hazardous constituents (for wastes that are not managed                                                        
 in a Clean Water Act (CWA) or CWA-equivalent facility),                                                        
 unless the waste will be treated and monitored for all                                                         
 constituents. If all constituents will be treated and                                                          
 monitored, there is no need to put them all on the LDR                                                         
 notice.................................................                                          
4. The notice must include the applicable wastewater/                                                           
 nonwastewater category (see Secs.  268.2(d) and (f))                                                           
 and subdivisions made within a waste code based on                                                             
 waste-specific criteria (such as D003 reactive cyanide)                                          
5. Waste analysis data (when available).................                                   
6. Date the waste is subject to the prohibition.........                                                 
7. For hazardous debris, when treating with the                                                                 
 alternative treatment technologies provided by Sec.                                                            
 268.45: the contaminants subject to treatment, as                                                              
 described in Sec.  268.45(b); and an indication that                                                           
 these contaminants are being treated to comply with                                                            
 Sec.  268.45...........................................                                          
8. A certification is needed (see applicable section for                                                        
 exact wording).........................................                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (5) If a generator is managing and treating prohibited waste in 
tanks, containers, or containment buildings regulated under 40 CFR 
262.34 to meet applicable LDR treatment standards found at Sec. 268.40, 
the generator must develop and follow a written waste analysis plan 
which describes the procedures they will carry out to comply with the 
treatment standards. (Generators treating hazardous debris under the 
alternative treatment standards of Table 1, Sec. 268.45, however, are 
not subject to these waste analysis requirements.) The plan must be 
kept on site in the generator's records, and the following requirements 
must be met:
    (i) The waste analysis plan must be based on a detailed chemical 
and physical analysis of a representative sample of the prohibited 
waste(s) being treated, and contain all information necessary to treat 
the waste(s) in accordance with the requirements of this part, 
including the selected testing frequency.
    (ii) Such plan must be kept in the facility's on-site files and 
made available to inspectors.
    (iii) Wastes shipped off-site pursuant to this paragraph must 
comply with the notification requirements of Sec. 268.7(a)(3).
    (6) If a generator determines that the waste is restricted based 
solely on his knowledge of the waste, all supporting data used to make 
this determination must be retained on-site in the generator's files. 
If a generator determines that the waste is restricted based on testing 
this waste or an extract developed using the test method 1311 in ``Test 
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,'' EPA 
Publication SW-846, as referenced in Sec. 260.11 of this chapter, and 
all waste analysis data must be retained on-site in the generator's 
files.
    (7) If a generator determines that he is managing a restricted 
waste that is

[[Page 26021]]

excluded from the definition of hazardous or solid waste or exempt from 
Subtitle C regulation, under 40 CFR 261.2 through 261.6 subsequent to 
the point of generation (including deactivated characteristic hazardous 
wastes managed in wastewater treatment systems subject to the Clean 
Water Act (CWA) as specified at 40 CFR 261.4(a)(2), or are CWA-
equivalent), he must place a one-time notice stating such generation, 
subsequent exclusion from the definition of hazardous or solid waste or 
exemption from RCRA Subtitle C regulation, and the disposition of the 
waste, in the facility's file.
    (8) Generators must retain on-site a copy of all notices, 
certifications, waste analysis data, and other documentation produced 
pursuant to this section for at least three years from the date that 
the waste that is the subject of such documentation was last sent to 
on-site or off-site treatment, storage, or disposal. The three year 
record retention period is automatically extended during the course of 
any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity or 
as requested by the Administrator. The requirements of this paragraph 
apply to solid wastes even when the hazardous characteristic is removed 
prior to disposal, or when the waste is excluded from the definition of 
hazardous or solid waste under 40 CFR 261.2 through 261.6, or exempted 
from Subtitle C regulation, subsequent to the point of generation.
    (9) If a generator is managing a lab pack containing hazardous 
wastes and wishes to use the alternative treatment standard for lab 
packs found at Sec. 268.42(c):
    (i) With the initial shipment of waste to a treatment facility, the 
generator must submit a notice that provides the information in column 
``Sec. 268.7(a)(9)'' in the Generator Paperwork Requirements Table of 
paragraph (a)(4) of this section, and the following certification. The 
certification, which must be signed by an authorized representative and 
must be placed in the generator's files, must say the following:

    I certify under penalty of law that I personally have examined 
and am familiar with the waste and that the lab pack contains only 
wastes that have not been excluded under appendix IV to 40 CFR part 
268 and that this lab pack will be sent to a combustion facility in 
compliance with the alternative treatment standards for lab packs at 
40 CFR 268.42(c). I am aware that there are significant penalties 
for submitting a false certification, including the possibility of 
fine or imprisonment.

    (ii) No further notification is necessary until such time that the 
wastes in the lab pack change, or the receiving facility changes, in 
which case a new notice and certification must be sent and a copy 
placed in the generator's file.
    (iii) If the lab pack contains characteristic hazardous wastes 
(D001-D043), underlying hazardous constituents (as defined in 
Sec. 268.2(i)) need not be determined.
    (iv) The generator must also comply with the requirements in 
paragraphs (a)(6) and (a)(7) of this section.
    (10) Small quantity generators with tolling agreements pursuant to 
40 CFR 262.20(e) must comply with the applicable notification and 
certification requirements of paragraph (a) of this section for the 
initial shipment of the waste subject to the agreement. Such generators 
must retain on-site a copy of the notification and certification, 
together with the tolling agreement, for at least three years after 
termination or expiration of the agreement. The three-year record 
retention period is automatically extended during the course of any 
unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity or as 
requested by the Administrator.
    (b) Treatment facilities must test their wastes according to the 
frequency specified in their waste analysis plans as required by 40 CFR 
264.13 (for permitted TSDs) or 40 CFR 265.13 (for interim status 
facilities). Such testing must be performed as provided in paragraphs 
(b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section.
    (1) For wastes with treatment standards expressed as concentrations 
in the waste extract (TCLP), the owner or operator of the treatment 
facility must test an extract of the treatment residues, using test 
method 1311 (the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, described 
in ``Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical 
Methods,'' EPA Publication SW-846 as incorporated by reference in 
Sec. 260.11 of this chapter), to assure that the treatment residues 
extract meet the applicable treatment standards.
    (2) For wastes with treatment standards expressed as concentrations 
in the waste, the owner or operator of the treatment facility must test 
the treatment residues (not an extract of such residues) to assure that 
they meet the applicable treatment standards.
    (3) A one-time notice must be sent with the initial shipment of 
waste to the land disposal facility. A copy of the notice must be 
placed in the treatment facility's file.
    (i) No further notification is necessary until such time that the 
waste or receiving facility change, in which case a new notice must be 
sent and a copy placed in the treatment facility's file.
    (ii) The one-time notice must include these requirements:

             Treatment Facility Paperwork Requirements Table            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Required information                         Sec.    
--------------------------------------------------------------268.7(b)--
1. EPA Hazardous Waste and Manifest numbers..............        
2. The waste is subject to the LDRs. The constituents of                
 concern for F001-F005, and F039, and underlying                        
 hazardous constituents (for wastes that are not managed                
 in a Clean Water Act (CWA) or CWA-equivalent facility),                
 unless the waste will be treated and monitored for all                 
 constituents. If all constituents will be treated and                  
 monitored, there is no need to put them all on the LDR                 
 notice..................................................        
3. The notice must include the applicable wastewater/                   
 nonwastewater category (see Secs.  268.2(d) and (f)) and               
 subdivisions made within a waste code based on waste-                  
 specific criteria (such as D003 reactive cyanide).......        
4. Waste analysis data (when available)..................        
5. A certification statement is needed (see applicable                  
 section for exact wording)..............................        
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) The treatment facility must submit a one-time certification 
signed by an authorized representative with the initial shipment of 
waste or treatment residue of a restricted waste to the land disposal 
facility. The certification must state:

    I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined 
and am familiar with the treatment technology and operation of the 
treatment process used to support this certification. Based on my 
inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining 
this information, I believe that the treatment process has been 
operated and maintained properly so as to comply with the treatment 
standards specified in 40 CFR 268.40 without impermissible dilution 
of the

[[Page 26022]]

prohibited waste. I am aware there are significant penalties for 
submitting a false certification, including the possibility of fine 
and imprisonment.

    (i) A copy of the certification must be placed in the treatment 
facility's on-site files. If the waste or treatment residue changes, or 
the receiving facility changes, a new certification must be sent to the 
receiving facility, and a copy placed in the file.
    (ii) Debris excluded from the definition of hazardous waste under 
Sec. 261.3(e) of this chapter (i.e., debris treated by an extraction or 
destruction technology provided by Table 1, Sec. 268.45, and debris 
that the Director has determined does not contain hazardous waste), 
however, is subject to the notification and certification requirements 
of paragraph (d) of this section rather than the certification 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (iii) For wastes with organic constituents having treatment 
standards expressed as concentration levels, if compliance with the 
treatment standards is based in whole or in part on the analytical 
detection limit alternative specified in Sec. 268.40(d), the 
certification, signed by an authorized representative, must state the 
following:

    I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined 
and am familiar with the treatment technology and operation of the 
treatment process used to support this certification. Based on my 
inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining 
this information, I believe that the nonwastewater organic 
constituents have been treated by combustion units as specified in 
268.42, Table 1. I have been unable to detect the nonwastewater 
organic constituents, despite having used best good-faith efforts to 
analyze for such constituents. I am aware there are significant 
penalties for submitting a false certification, including the 
possibility of fine and imprisonment.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) Have copies of the notice and certifications specified in 
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.
    (2) Test the waste, or an extract of the waste or treatment residue 
developed using test method 1311 (the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching 
Procedure), described in ``Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, 
Physical/Chemical Methods,'' EPA Publication SW-846 as incorporated by 
reference in Sec. 260.11 of this chapter), to assure that the wastes or 
treatment residues are in compliance with the applicable treatment 
standards set forth in subpart D of this part. Such testing must be 
performed according to the frequency specified in the facility's waste 
analysis plan as required by Sec. 264.13 or Sec. 265.13 of this 
chapter.
* * * * *
    12. Section 268.9 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and 
(d)(1)(ii) to read as follows:


Sec. 268.9  Special rules regarding wastes that exhibit a 
characteristic.

    (a) The initial generator of a solid waste must determine each EPA 
Hazardous Waste Number (waste code) applicable to the waste in order to 
determine the applicable treatment standards under subpart D of this 
part. For purposes of part 268, the waste will carry the waste code for 
any applicable listed waste (Part 261, Subpart D). In addition, where 
the waste exhibits a characteristic, the waste will carry one or more 
of the characteristic waste codes (Part 261, Subpart C), except when 
the treatment standard for the listed waste operates in lieu of the 
treatment standard for the characteristic waste, as specified in 
paragraph (b) of this section. If the generator determines that their 
waste displays a hazardous characteristic (and is not D001 
nonwastewaters treated by CMBST, RORGS, OR POLYM of Sec. 268.42, Table 
1), the generator must determine the underlying hazardous constituents 
(as defined at Sec. 268.2(i)) in the characteristic waste.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) A description of the waste as initially generated, including 
the applicable EPA hazardous waste code(s), treatability group(s), and 
underlying hazardous constituents (as defined in Sec. 268.2(i)), unless 
the waste will be treated and monitored for all underlying hazardous 
constituents. If all underlying hazardous constituents will be treated 
and monitored, there is no requirement to list any of the underlying 
hazardous constituents on the notice.
* * * * *

Subpart C--Prohibitions on Land Disposal

    13. Section 268.30 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 268.30  Waste specific prohibitions--wood preserving wastes.

    (a) Effective August 11, 1997, the following wastes are prohibited 
from land disposal: the wastes specified in 40 CFR part 261 as EPA 
Hazardous Waste numbers F032, F034, and F035.
    (b) Effective May 12, 1999, the following wastes are prohibited 
from land disposal: soil and debris contaminated with F032, F034, F035; 
and radioactive wastes mixed with EPA Hazardous waste numbers F032, 
F034, and F035.
    (c) Between May 12, 1997 and May 12, 1999, soil and debris 
contaminated with F032, F034, F035; and radioactive waste mixed with 
F032, F034, and F035 may be disposed in a landfill or surface 
impoundment only if such unit is in compliance with the requirements 
specified in Sec. 268.5(h)(2) of this part.
    (d) The requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do 
not apply if:
    (1) The wastes meet the applicable treatment standards specified in 
Subpart D of this part;
    (2) Persons have been granted an exemption from a prohibition 
pursuant to a petition under Sec. 268.6, with respect to those wastes 
and units covered by the petition;
    (3) The wastes meet the applicable alternate treatment standards 
established pursuant to a petition granted under Sec. 268.44; or
    (4) Persons have been granted an extension to the effective date of 
a prohibition pursuant to Sec. 268.5, with respect to those wastes 
covered by the extension.
    (e) To determine whether a hazardous waste identified in this 
section exceeds the applicable treatment standards specified in 
Sec. 268.40, the initial generator must test a sample of the waste 
extract or the entire waste, depending on whether the treatment 
standards are expressed as concentrations in the waste extract or the 
waste, or the generator may use knowledge of the waste. If the waste 
contains constituents in excess of the applicable Universal Treatment 
Standard levels of Sec. 268.48 of this part, the waste is prohibited 
from land disposal, and all requirements of part 268 are applicable, 
except as otherwise specified.


Secs. 268.32, 268.33, 268.34, 268.35 and 286.36   [Removed and 
Reserved]

    14. Sections 268.32, 268.33, 268.34, 268.35, and 268.36 are removed 
and reserved.

Subpart D--Treatment Standards

    15. In Sec. 268.40 the Table of Treatment Standards is amended by 
adding, in alpha-numerical order, entries for F032, F034, and F035, and 
revising entries for D001, F024 to read as follows:


Sec. 268.40  Applicability of treatment standards.

* * * * *

[[Page 26023]]



                                                        Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes                                                        
                                                             [Note: NA means not applicable]                                                            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Regulated hazardous constituent                        Wastewaters                  Nonwastewaters     
                  Waste description --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   and treatment/                                                                                                Concentration in mg/kg 
   Waste code        regulatory                                                                 Concentration in mg/l 3; or    \5\ unless noted as ``mg/
                   subcategory \1\                   Common name                 CAS \2\ No.         technology code 4          l TCLP''; or technology 
                                                                                                                                          code          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D001 \9\.......  High TOC Ignitable  NA........................................           NA  NA.............................  RORGS; CMBST; OR POLYM   
                  Characteristic                                                                                                                        
                  Liquids                                                                                                                               
                  Subcategory based                                                                                                                     
                  on 40 CFR                                                                                                                             
                  261.21(a)(1)--Gre                                                                                                                     
                  ater than or                                                                                                                          
                  equal to 10%                                                                                                                          
                  total organic                                                                                                                         
                  carbon. (Note:                                                                                                                        
                  This subcategory                                                                                                                      
                  consists of                                                                                                                           
                  nonwastewaters                                                                                                                        
                  only.).                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                        
                *                  *                   *                   *                   *                   *                   *                
F024...........  Process wastes,     All F024 wastes...........................           NA  CMBST \11\.....................  CMBST \11\               
                  including but not  2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene....................     126-99-8  0.057..........................  0.28                     
                  limited to,        3-Chloropropylene.........................     107-05-1  0.036..........................  30                       
                  distillation       1,1-Dichloroethane........................      75-34-3  0.059..........................  6.0                      
                  residues, heavy    1,2-Dichloroethane........................     107-06-2  0.21...........................  6.0                      
                  ends, tars, and    1,2-Dichloropropane.......................      78-87-5  0.85...........................  18                       
                  reactor clean-out  cis-1,3-Dichloropropylene.................   10061-01-5  0.036..........................  18                       
                  wastes, from the   trans-1,3-Dichloropropylene...............   10061-02-6  0.036..........................  18                       
                  production of      bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate...............     117-81-7  0.28...........................  28                       
                  certain            Hexachloroethane..........................      67-72-1  0.055..........................  30                       
                  chlorinated        Chromium (Total)..........................    7440-47-3  2.77...........................  0.86 mg/l TCLP           
                  aliphatic          Nickel....................................    7440-02-0  3.98...........................  5.0 mg/l TCLP            
                  hydrocarbons by                                                                                                                       
                  free radical                                                                                                                          
                  catalyzed                                                                                                                             
                  processes. These                                                                                                                      
                  chlorinated                                                                                                                           
                  aliphatic                                                                                                                             
                  hydrocarbons are                                                                                                                      
                  those having                                                                                                                          
                  carbon chain                                                                                                                          
                  lengths ranging                                                                                                                       
                  from one to and                                                                                                                       
                  including five,                                                                                                                       
                  with varying                                                                                                                          
                  amounts and                                                                                                                           
                  positions of                                                                                                                          
                  chlorine                                                                                                                              
                  substitution.                                                                                                                         
                  (This listing                                                                                                                         
                  does not include                                                                                                                      
                  wastewaters,                                                                                                                          
                  wastewater                                                                                                                            
                  treatment                                                                                                                             
                  sludges, spent                                                                                                                        
                  catalysts, and                                                                                                                        
                  wastes listed in                                                                                                                      
                  Sec.  261.31 or                                                                                                                       
                  Sec.  261.32.).                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                        
                *                  *                   *                   *                   *                   *                   *                
F032...........  Wastewaters         Acenaphthene..............................      83-32-9  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  (except those      Anthracene................................     120-12-7  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  that have not      Benz(a)anthracene.........................      56-55-3  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  come into contact  Benzo(b)fluoranthene (difficult to             205-99-2  0.11...........................  6.8                      
                  with process        distinguish from benzo(k) fluoranthene).                                                                          
                  contaminants),     Benzo(k)fluoranthene (difficult to                                                                                 
                  process             distinguish from benzo(b) fluoranthene).      207-08-9  0.11...........................  6.8                      
                  residuals,         Benzo(a)pyrene............................                                                                         
                  preservative       Chrysene..................................                                                                         
                  drippage, and      Dibenz(a,h)anthracene.....................      50-32-8  0.061..........................  3.4                      
                  spent              2-4-Dimethyl phenol.......................     218-01-9  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  formulations from  Fluorene..................................      53-70-3  0.055..........................  8.2                      
                  wood preserving    Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins...............     105-67-9  0.036..........................  14                       
                  processes          Hexachlorodibenzofurans...................      86-73-7  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  generated at       Indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene.................           NA  0.000063 or CMBST \11\.........  0.001 or CMBST \11\      
                  plants that        Naphthalene...............................           NA  0.000063 or CMBST \11\.........  0.001 or CMBST \11\      
                  currently use or   Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins..............     193-39-5  0.0055.........................  3.4                      
                  have previously    Pentachlorodibenzofurans..................      91-20-3  0.059..........................  5.6                      
                  used               Pentachlorophenol.........................           NA  0.000063 or CMBST \11\.........  0.001 or CMBST \11\      
                  chlorophenolic     Phenanthrene..............................           NA  0.000035 or CMBST \11\.........  0.001 or CMBST \11\      
                  formulations       Phenol....................................      87-86-5  0.089..........................  7.4                      
                  (except            Pyrene....................................      85-01-8  0.059..........................  5.6                      
                  potentially cross- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins..............     108-95-2  0.039..........................  6.2                      
                  contaminated       Tetrachlorodibenzofurans..................     129-00-0  0.067..........................  8.2                      
                  wastes that have   2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol.................           NA  0.000063 or CMBST \11\.........  0.001 or CMBST \11\      
                  had the F032       2,4,6-Trichlorophenol.....................           NA  0.000063 or CMBST \11\.........  0.001 or CMBST \11\      
                  waste code         Arsenic...................................      58-90-2  0.030..........................  7.4                      
                  deleted in         Chromium (Total)..........................      88-06-2  0.035..........................  7.4                      
                  accordance with                                                  7440-38-2  1.4............................  5.0 mg/l TCLP            
                  Sec.  261.35 of                                                  7440-47-3  2.77...........................  0.86 mg/lTCLP            
                  this chapter or                                                                                                                       
                  potentially cross-                                                                                                                    
                  contaminated                                                                                                                          
                  wastes that are                                                                                                                       
                  otherwise                                                                                                                             
                  currently                                                                                                                             
                  regulated as                                                                                                                          
                  hazardous wastes                                                                                                                      
                  (i.e., F034 or                                                                                                                        
                  F035), and where                                                                                                                      
                  the generator                                                                                                                         
                  does not resume                                                                                                                       
                  or initiate use                                                                                                                       
                  of chlorophenolic                                                                                                                     
                  formulations).                                                                                                                        
                  This listing does                                                                                                                     
                  not include K001                                                                                                                      
                  bottom sediment                                                                                                                       
                  sludge from the                                                                                                                       
                  treatment of                                                                                                                          
                  wastewater from                                                                                                                       
                  wood preserving                                                                                                                       
                  processes that                                                                                                                        
                  use creosote and/                                                                                                                     
                  or penta-                                                                                                                             
                  chlorophenol.                                                                                                                         

[[Page 26024]]

                                                                                                                                                        
F034...........  Wastewaters         Acenaphthene..............................      83-32-9  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  (except those      Anthracene................................     120-12-7  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  that have not      Benz(a)anthracene.........................      56-55-3  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  come into contact  Benzo(b)fluoranthene (difficult to             205-99-2  0.11...........................  6.8                      
                  with process        distinguish from benzo(k)fluoranthene).                                                                           
                  contaminants),     Benzo(k)fluoranthene (difficult to                                                                                 
                  process             distinguish from benzo(b)fluoranthene).       207-08-9  0.11...........................  6.8                      
                  residuals,         Benzo(a)pyrene............................                                                                         
                  preservative       Chrysene..................................                                                                         
                  drippage, and      Dibenz(a,h)anthracene.....................      50-32-8  0.061..........................  3.4                      
                  spent              Fluorene..................................     218-01-9  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  formulations from  Indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene.................      53-70-3  0.055..........................  8.2                      
                  wood preserving    Naphthalene...............................      86-73-7  0.059..........................  3.4                      
                  processes          Phenanthrene..............................     193-39-5  0.0055.........................  3.4                      
                  generated at       Pyrene....................................      91-20-3  0.059..........................  5.6                      
                  plants that use    Arsenic...................................      85-01-8  0.059..........................  5.6                      
                  creosote           Chromium (Total)..........................     129-00-0  0.067..........................  8.2                      
                  formulations.                                                    7440-38-2  1.4............................  5.0 mg/l TCLP            
                  This listing does                                                7440-47-3  2.77...........................  0.86 mg/l TCLP           
                  not include K001                                                                                                                      
                  bottom sediment                                                                                                                       
                  sludge from the                                                                                                                       
                  treatment of                                                                                                                          
                  wastewater from                                                                                                                       
                  wood preserving                                                                                                                       
                  processes that                                                                                                                        
                  use creosote and/                                                                                                                     
                  or                                                                                                                                    
                  pentachlorophenol.                                                                                                                    
F035...........  Wastewaters         Arsenic...................................    7440-38-2  1.4............................  5.0 mg/l TCLP            
                  (except those      Chromium (Total)..........................    7440-47-3  2.77...........................  0.86 mg/l TCLP           
                  that have not                                                                                                                         
                  come into contact                                                                                                                     
                  with process                                                                                                                          
                  contaminants),                                                                                                                        
                  process                                                                                                                               
                  residuals,                                                                                                                            
                  preservative                                                                                                                          
                  drippage, and                                                                                                                         
                  spent                                                                                                                                 
                  formulations from                                                                                                                     
                  wood preserving                                                                                                                       
                  processes                                                                                                                             
                  processes                                                                                                                             
                  generated at                                                                                                                          
                  plants that use                                                                                                                       
                  inorganic                                                                                                                             
                  preservatives                                                                                                                         
                  containing                                                                                                                            
                  arsenic or                                                                                                                            
                  chromium. This                                                                                                                        
                  listing does not                                                                                                                      
                  include K001                                                                                                                          
                  bottom sediment                                                                                                                       
                  sludge from the                                                                                                                       
                  treatment of                                                                                                                          
                  wastewater from                                                                                                                       
                  wood preserving                                                                                                                       
                  processes that                                                                                                                        
                  use creosote and/                                                                                                                     
                  or                                                                                                                                    
                  pentachlorophenol.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                        
                *                  *                   *                   *                   *                   *                   *                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Footnotes to Treatment Standards Table 268.40:                                                                                                          
\1\ The waste descriptions provided in this table do not replace waste descriptions in 40 CFR part 261. Descriptions of Treatment/Regulatory            
  Subcategories are provided, as needed, to distinguish between applicability of different standards.                                                   
\2\ CAS means Chemical Abstract Services. When the waste code and/or regulated constituents are described as a combination of a chemical with its salts 
  and/or esters, the CAS number is given for the parent compound only.                                                                                  
\3\ Concentration standards for wastewaters are expressed in mg/l and are based on analysis of composite samples.                                       
\4\ All treatment standards expressed as a Technology Code or combination of Technology Codes are explained in detail in Sec.  268.42 Table 1--         
  Technology Codes and Descriptions of Technology-Based Standards.                                                                                      
\5\ Except for Metals (EP or TCLP) and Cyanides (Total and Amenable) the nonwastewater treatment standards expressed as a concentration were            
  established, in part, based upon incineration in units operated in accordance with the technical requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O, or part  
  265, subpart O, or based upon combustion in fuel substitution units operating in accordance with applicable technical requirements. A facility may    
  comply with these treatment standards according to provisions in Sec.  268.40(d). All concentration standards for nonwastewaters are based on analysis
  of grab samples.                                                                                                                                      
\6\ Where an alternate treatment standard or set of alternate standards has been indicated, a facility may comply with this alternate standard, but only
  for the Treatment/Regulatory Subcategory or physical form (i.e., wastewater and/or nonwastewater) specified for that alternate standard.              
\7\ Both Cyanides (Total) and Cyanides (Amenable) for nonwastewaters are to be analyzed using Method 9010 or 9012, found in ``Test Methods for          
  Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods'', EPA Publication SW-846, as incorporated by reference in 40 CFR 260.11, with a sample size of 10  
  grams and a distillation time of one hour and 15 minutes.                                                                                             
\8\ These wastes, when rendered nonhazardous and then subsequently managed in CWA, or CWA-equivalent systems are not subject to treatment standards.    
  (See Sec.  268.1(c) (3) and (4)).                                                                                                                     
\9\ These wastes, when rendered nonhazardous and then subsequently injected in a Class I SDWA well are not subject to treatment standards. (See 40 CFR  
  part 148.1(d)).                                                                                                                                       
\10\ Between August 26, 1996, and August 26, 1997, the treatment standard for this waste may be satisfied by either meeting the constituent             
  concentrations in this table or by treating the waste by the specified technologies: combustion, as defined by the technolgy code CMBST at Sec.       
  268.42 Table 1 of this part, for nonwastewaters; and, biodegradation as definded by the technolgy code BIODG, carbon adsorption as defined by the     
  technology code CARBN, chemical oxidation as defined by the technology code CHOXD, or combustion as defined as technolgy code CMBST at Sec.  268.42   
  Table 1 of this part, for wastewaters.                                                                                                                

[[Page 26025]]

                                                                                                                                                        
\11\ For these wastes, the definition of CMBST is limited to: (1) combustion units operating under 40 CFR 266, (2) combustion units permitted under 40  
  CFR Part 264, Subpart O, or (3) combustion units operating under 40 CFR 265, Subpart O, which have obtained a determination of equivalent treatment   
  under 268.42(b).                                                                                                                                      

* * * * *


Sec. 268.42  [Amended]

    16. Section 268.42 is amended by adding the entry ``POLYM'' into 
Table 1.-- Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based 
Standards, in alphabetical order, to read as follows:
* * * * *

Table 1.--Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Technology code         Description of technology-based standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        
*                  *                  *                  *              
                  *                  *                  *               
POLYM:.......................  Formation of complex high-molecular      
                                weight solids through polymerization of 
                                monomers in high-TOC D001 non-          
                                wastewaters which are chemical          
                                components in the manufacture of        
                                plastics.                               
                                                                        
*                  *                  *                  *              
                  *                  *                  *               
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    17. Section 268.44 is amended by revising both entries in the ``see 
also'' column of the table in paragraph (o) to read ``Sec. 268.40'' and 
by revising the introductory language of paragraph (o) and the heading 
of the table in paragraph (o) to read as follows:


Sec. 268.44  Variance from a treatment standard.

* * * * *
    (o) The following facilities are excluded from the treatment 
standards under Sec. 268.40 and are subject to the following 
constituent concentrations:
    Table--Wastes Excluded from the Treatment Standards Under 
Sec. 268.40.
* * * * *

Appendices I, II, III, and X to Part 268 [Removed and Reserved]

    18. Appendices I, II, III, and X to part 268 are removed and 
reserved.
    19. The introductory language of appendix VI to part 268 is revised 
to read as follows:

Appendix VI to Part 268--Recommended Technologies to Achieve 
Deactivation of Characteristics in Section 268.42

    The treatment standard for many characteristic wastes is stated 
in the Sec. 268.40 Table of Treatment Standards as ``Deactivation 
and meet UTS.'' EPA has determined that many technologies, when used 
alone or in combination, can achieve the deactivation portion of the 
treatment standard. Characteristic wastes that are not managed in a 
facility regulated by the Clean Water Act (CWA) or in a CWA-
equivalent facility, and that also contain underlying hazardous 
constituents (see Sec. 268.2(i)) must be treated not only by a 
``deactivating'' technology to remove the characteristic, but also 
to achieve the universal treatment standards (UTS) for underlying 
hazardous constituents. The following appendix presents a partial 
list of technologies, utilizing the five letter technology codes 
established in 40 CFR 268.42 Table 1, that may be useful in meeting 
the treatment standard. Use of these specific technologies is not 
mandatory and does not preclude direct reuse, recovery, and/or the 
use of other pretreatment technologies, provided deactivation is 
achieved and underlying hazardous constituents are treated to 
achieve the UTS.
* * * * *
    20. Appendix VII to Part 268 is revised to read as follows:

Appendix VII to Part 268--LDR Effective Dates of Surface Disposed 
Prohibited Hazardous Wastes

      Table 1.--Effective Dates of Surface Disposed Wastes (Non-Soil and Debris) Regulated in the LDRS a--      
                                               Comprehensive List                                               
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Waste code                             Waste category                       Effective date        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D001 c................................  All (except High TOC Ignitable Liquids).  Aug. 9, 1993.                 
D001..................................  High TOC Ignitable Liquids..............  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D002 c................................  All.....................................  Aug. 9, 1993.                 
D003 e................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
D004..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
D004..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1992.                 
D005..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D006..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D007..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D008..................................  Lead materials before secondary smelting  May 8, 1992.                  

[[Page 26026]]

                                                                                                                
D008..................................  All others..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D009..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
D009..................................  All others..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D010..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D011..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
D012 (that exhibit the toxicity         All.....................................  Dec. 14, 1994.                
 characteristic based on the TCLP) d.                                                                           
D013 (that exhibit the toxicity         All.....................................  Dec. 14, 1994.                
 characteristic based on the TCLP) d.                                                                           
D014 (that exhibit the toxicity         All.....................................  Dec. 14, 1994.                
 characteristic based on the TCLP) d.                                                                           
D015 (that exhibit the toxicity         All.....................................  Dec. 14, 1994.                
 characteristic based on the TCLP) d.                                                                           
D016 (that exhibit the toxicity         All.....................................  Dec. 14, 1994.                
 characteristic based on the TCLP) d.                                                                           
D017 (that exhibit the toxicity         All.....................................  Dec. 14, 1994.                
 characteristic based on the TCLP) d.                                                                           
D018..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D018..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D019..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D019..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D020..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D020..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D021..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D021..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D022..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D022..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D023..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D023..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D024..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D024..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D025..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D025..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D026..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D026..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D027..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D027..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D028..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D028..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D029..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D029..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D030..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19. 1996.               
D030..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D031..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D031..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D032..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D032..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D033..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D033..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D034..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D034..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D035..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D035..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D036..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D036..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D037..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D037..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D038..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D038..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D039..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D039..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D040..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D040..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D041..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D041..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D042..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D042..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
D043..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sept. 19, 1996.               
D043..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                

[[Page 26027]]

                                                                                                                
F001..................................  Small quantity generators, CERCLA         Nov. 8, 1988.                 
                                         response/RCRA corrective action,                                       
                                         initial generator's solvent-water                                      
                                         mixtures, solvent-containing sludges                                   
                                         and solids.                                                            
F001..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 8, 1986.                 
F002 (1,1,2-trichloroethane)..........  Wastewater and Nonwastewater............  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
F002..................................  Small quantity generators, CERCLA         Nov. 8, 1988.                 
                                         response/RCRA corrective action,                                       
                                         initial generator's solvent-water                                      
                                         mixtures, solvent-containing sludges                                   
                                         and solids.                                                            
F002..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 8, 1986.                 
F003..................................  Small quantity generators, CERCLA         Nov. 8, 1988.                 
                                         response/RCRA corrective action,                                       
                                         initial generator's solvent-water                                      
                                         mixtures, solvent-containing sludges                                   
                                         and solids.                                                            
F003..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 8, 1986.                 
F004..................................  Small quantity generators, CERCLA         Nov. 8, 1988.                 
                                         response/RCRA corrective action,                                       
                                         initial generator's solvent-water                                      
                                         mixtures, solvent-containing sludges                                   
                                         and solids.                                                            
F004..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 8, 1986.                 
F005 (benzene, 2-ethoxy ethanol, 2-     Wastewater and Nonwastewater............  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
 nitropropane).                                                                                                 
F005..................................  Small quantity generators, CERCLA         Nov. 8, 1988.                 
                                         response/RCRA corrective action,                                       
                                         initial generator's solvent-water                                      
                                         mixtures, solvent-containing sludges                                   
                                         and solids.                                                            
F005..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 8, 1986.                 
F006..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
F006..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
F006 (cyanides).......................  Nonwastewater...........................  July 8, 1989.                 
F007..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1989.                 
F008..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1989.                 
F009..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1989.                 
F010..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
F011 (cyanides).......................  Nonwastewater...........................  Dec. 8, 1989.                 
F011..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1989.                 
F012 (cyanides).......................  Nonwastewater...........................  Dec. 8, 1989.                 
F012..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1989.                 
F019..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
F020..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1988.                 
F021..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1988.                 
F025..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
F026..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1988.                 
F027..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1988.                 
F028..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1988.                 
F032..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  May 12, 1999                  
F032..................................  All others..............................  May 12, 1997                  
F033..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  May 12, 1999                  
F033..................................  All others..............................  May 12, 1997                  
F034..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  May 12, 1999                  
F034..................................  All others..............................  May 12, 1997                  
F037..................................  Not generated from surface impoundment    June 30, 1993.                
                                         cleanouts or closures.                                                 
F037..................................  Generated from surface impoundment        June 30, 1994.                
                                         cleanouts or closures.                                                 
F037..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
F038..................................  Not generated from surface impoundment    June 30, 1993.                
                                         cleanouts or closures.                                                 
F038..................................  Generated from surface impoundment        June 30, 1994.                
                                         cleanouts or closures.                                                 
F038..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
F039..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
F039..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
K001 (organics) b.....................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K001..................................  All others..............................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K002..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K003..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K004..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K004..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K005..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K005..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 
K006..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K007..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K007..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 
K008..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K008..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K009..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K010..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K011..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K011..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 

[[Page 26028]]

                                                                                                                
K013..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K013..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 
K014..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K014..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 
K015..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K015..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K016..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K017..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K018..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K019..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K020..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K021..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K021..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K022..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K022..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K023..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K024..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K025..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K025..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K026..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K027..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K028 (metals).........................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K028..................................  All others..............................  June 8, 1989.                 
K029..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K029..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 
K030..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K031..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K031..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
K032..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K033..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K034..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K035..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K036..................................  Wastewater..............................  June 8, 1989.                 
K036..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K037 b................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K037..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K038..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K039..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K040..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K041..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K042..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K043..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K044..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K045..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K046 (Nonreactive)....................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K046..................................  All others..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K047..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K048..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K048..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Nov. 8, 1990.                 
K049..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K049..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Nov. 8, 1990.                 
K050..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K050..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Nov. 8, 1990.                 
K051..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K051..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Nov. 8, 1990.                 
K052..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K052..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Nov. 8, 1990.                 
K060..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K060..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K061..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K061..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 30, 1992.                
K062..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K069 (Non-Calcium Sulfate)............  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K069..................................  All others..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K071..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K073..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K083..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K084..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K084..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
K085..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K086 (organics) b.....................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 

[[Page 26029]]

                                                                                                                
K086..................................  All others..............................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K087..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K088..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
K088..................................  All others..............................  Jan. 8, 1997.                 
K093..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K094..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K095..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K095..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 
K096..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K096..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1989.                 
K097..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K098..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K099..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K100..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K100..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K101 (organics).......................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K101 (metals).........................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K101 (organics).......................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K101 (metals).........................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
K102 (organics).......................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K102 (metals).........................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K102 (organics).......................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K102 (metals).........................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
K103..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K104..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1988.                 
K105..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K106..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K106..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
K107..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K107..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K108..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K108..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K109..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K109..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K110..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K110..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K111..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K111..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K112..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K112..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K113..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K114..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K115..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K116..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
K117..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K117..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K118..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K118..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K123..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K123..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K124..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K124..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K125..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K125..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K126..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K126..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K131..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K131..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K132..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K132..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K136..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
K136..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K141..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K141..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K142..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996..               
K142..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K143..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K143..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K144..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K144..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K145..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                

[[Page 26030]]

                                                                                                                
K145..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K147..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K147..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K148..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K148..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K149..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K149..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K150..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K150..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K151..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Sep. 19, 1996.                
K151..................................  All others..............................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K156..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
K156..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
K157..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
K157..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
K158..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
K158..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
K159..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
K159..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
K160..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
K160..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
K161..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
K161..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P001..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P002..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P003..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P004..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P005..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P006..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P007..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P008..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P009..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P010..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P010..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
P011..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P011..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
P012..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P012..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
P013 (barium).........................  Nonwastewater...........................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P013..................................  All others..............................  June 8, 1989.                 
P014..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P015..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P016..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P017..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P018..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P020..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P021..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P022..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P023..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P024..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P026..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P027..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P028..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P029..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P030..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P031..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P033..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P034..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P036..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P036..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
P037..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P038..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P038..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
P039..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P040..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P041..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P042..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P043..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P044..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P045..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P046..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 

[[Page 26031]]

                                                                                                                
P047..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P048..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P049..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P050..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P051..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P054..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P056..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P057..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P058..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P059..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P060..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P062..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P063..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P064..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P065..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P065..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
P066..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P067..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P068..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P069..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P070..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P071..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P072..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P073..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P074..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P075..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P076..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P077..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P078..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P081..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P082..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P084..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P085..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P087..................................  All.....................................  May 8, 1992.                  
P088..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P089..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P092..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P092..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
P093..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P094..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P095..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P096..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P097..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P098..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P099 (silver).........................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P099..................................  All others..............................  June 8, 1989.                 
P101..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P102..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P103..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P104 (silver).........................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P104..................................  All others..............................  June 8, 1989.                 
P105..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P106..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P108..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P109..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P110..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P111..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P112..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P113..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P114..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P115..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P116..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P118..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P119..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P120..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P121..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
P122..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P123..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
P127..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P127..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P128..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 

[[Page 26032]]

                                                                                                                
P128..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P185..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P185..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P188..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P188..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P189..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P189..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P190..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P190..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P191..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P191..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P192..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P192..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P194..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P194..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P196..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P196..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P197..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P197..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P198..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P198..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P199..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P199..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P201..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P201..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P202..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P202..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P203..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P203..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P204..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P204..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
P205..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
P205..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U001..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U002..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U003..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U004..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U005..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U006..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U007..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U008..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U009..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U010..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U011..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U012..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U014..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U015..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U016..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U017..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U018..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U019..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U020..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U021..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U022..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U023..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U024..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U025..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U026..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U027..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U028..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U029..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U030..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U031..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U032..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U033..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U034..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U035..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U036..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U037..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U038..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U039..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 

[[Page 26033]]

                                                                                                                
U041..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U042..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U043..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U044..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U045..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U046..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U047..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U048..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U049..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U050..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U051..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U052..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U053..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U055..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U056..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U057..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U058..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U059..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U060..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U061..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U062..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U063..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U064..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U066..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U067..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U068..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U069..................................  All.....................................  June 30, 1992.                
U070..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U071..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U072..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U073..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U074..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U075..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U076..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U077..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U078..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U079..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U080..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U081..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U082..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U083..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U084..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U085..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U086..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U087..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U088..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U089..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U090..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U091..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U092..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U093..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U094..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U095..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U096..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U097..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U098..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U099..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U101..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U102..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U103..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U105..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U106..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U107..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U108..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U109..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U110..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U111..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U112..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U113..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U114..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U115..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 

[[Page 26034]]

                                                                                                                
U116..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U117..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U118..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U119..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U120..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U121..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U122..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U123..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U124..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U125..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U126..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U127..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U128..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U129..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U130..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U131..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U132..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U133..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U134..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U135..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U136..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U136..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
U137..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U138..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U140..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U141..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U142..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U143..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U144..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U145..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U146..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U147..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U148..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U149..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U150..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U151..................................  Wastewater..............................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U151..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
U152..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U153..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U154..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U155..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U156..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U157..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U158..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U159..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U160..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U161..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U162..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U163..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U164..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U165..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U166..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U167..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U168..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U169..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U170..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U171..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U172..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U173..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U174..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U176..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U177..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U178..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U179..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U180..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U181..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U182..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U183..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U184..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U185..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U186..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 

[[Page 26035]]

                                                                                                                
U187..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U188..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U189..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U190..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U191..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U192..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U193..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U194..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U196..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U197..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U200..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U201..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U202..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U203..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U204..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U205..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U206..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U207..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U208..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U209..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U210..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U211..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U213..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U214..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U215..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U216..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U217..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U218..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U219..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U220..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U221..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U222..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U223..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U225..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U226..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U227..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U228..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U234..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U235..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1989.                 
U236..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U237..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U238..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U239..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U240..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U243..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U244..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U246..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U247..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U248..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U249..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
U271..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U271..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U277..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U277..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U278..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U278..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U279..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U279..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U280..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U280..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U328..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
U328..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
U353..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
U353..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
U359..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  June 30, 1994.                
U359..................................  All others..............................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
U364..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U364..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U365..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U365..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U366..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 

[[Page 26036]]

                                                                                                                
U366..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U367..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U367..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U372..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U372..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U373..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U373..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U375..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U375..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U376..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U376..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U377..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U377..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U378..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U378..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U379..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U379..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U381..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U381..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U382..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U382..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U383..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U383..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U384..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U384..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U385..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U385..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U386..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U386..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U387..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U387..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U389..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U389..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U390..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U390..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U391..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U391..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U392..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U392..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U393..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U393..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U394..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U394..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U395..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U395..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U396..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U396..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U400..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U400..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U401..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U401..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U402..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U402..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U403..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U403..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U404..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U404..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U407..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U407..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U409..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U409..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U410..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U410..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
U411..................................  Mixed with radioactive wastes...........  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
U411..................................  All others..............................  July 8, 1996.                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a This table does not include mixed radioactive wastes (from the First, Second, and Third Third rules) which    
  received national capacity variance until May 8, 1992. This table also does not include contaminated soil and 
  debris wastes.                                                                                                
b The standard was revised in the Third Third Final Rule (55 FR 22520, June 1, 1990).                           
c The standard was revised in the Third Third Emergency Rule (58 FR 29860, May 24, 1993); the original effective
  date was August 8, 1990.                                                                                      
d The standard was revised in the Phase II Final Rule (59 FR 47982, Sept. 19, 1994); the original effective date
  was August 8, 1990.                                                                                           

[[Page 26037]]

                                                                                                                
e The standards for selected reactive wastes was revised in the Phase III Final Rule (61 FR 15566, Apr. 8,      
  1996); the original effective date was August 8, 1990.                                                        


 Table 2.--Summary of Effective Dates of Land Disposal Restrictions for 
                   Contaminated Soil and Debris (CSD)                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Restricted hazardous waste in CSD              Effective date     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Solvent-(F001-F005) and dioxin-(F020-F023   Nov. 8, 1990.            
 and F026-F028) containing soil and debris                              
 from CERCLA response or RCRA corrective                                
 actions.                                                               
2. Soil and debris not from CERCLA response    Nov. 8, 1988.            
 or RCRA corrective actions contaminated with                           
 less than 1% total solvents (F001-F005) or                             
 dioxins (F020-F023 and F026-F028).                                     
3 All soil and debris contaminated with First  Aug. 8, 1990.            
 Third wastes for which treatment standards                             
 are based on incineration.                                             
4. All soil and debris contaminated with       June 8, 1991.            
 Second Third wastes for which treatment                                
 standards are based on incineration.                                   
5. All soil and debris contaminated with       May 8, 1992.             
 Third Third wastes or, First or Second Third                           
 ``soft hammer'' wastes which had treatment                             
 standards promulgated in the Third Third                               
 rule, for which treatment standards are                                
 based on incineration, vitrification, or                               
 mercury retorting, acid leaching followed by                           
 chemical precipitation, or thermal recovery                            
 of metals; as well as all inorganic solids                             
 debris contaminated with D004-D011 wastes,                             
 and all soil and debris contaminated with                              
 mixed RCRA/radioactive wastes.                                         
6. Soil and debris contaminated with D012-     Dec. 19, 1994.           
 D043, K141-K145, and K147-151 wastes.                                  
7. Debris (only) contaminated with F037,       Dec. 19, 1994            
 F038, K107-K112, K117, K118, K123-K126,                                
 K131, K132, K136, U328, U353, U359.                                    
8. Soil and debris contaminated with K156-     July 8, 1996.            
 K161, P127, P128, P188-P192, P194, P196-                               
 P199, P201-P205, U271, U277-U280, U364-U367,                           
 U372, U373, U375-U379, U381-U387, U389-U396,                           
 U400-U404, U407, and U409-U411 wastes.                                 
9. Soil and debris contaminated with K088      Jan. 8, 1997.            
 wastes.                                                                
10. Soil and debris contaminated with          April 8, 1998.           
 radioactive wastes mixed with K088, K156-                              
 K161, P127, P128, P188-P192, P194, P196-                               
 P199, P201-P205, U271, U277-U280, U364-U367,                           
 U372, U373, U375-U379, U381-U387, U389-U396,                           
 U400-U404, U407, and U409-U411 wastes.                                 
11. Soil and debris contaminated with F032,    May 12, 1997.            
 F034, and F035.                                                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Appendix VII is provided for the convenience of the reader.       

    21. Appendix VIII to Part 268 is revised to read as follows:

Appendix VIII to Part 268--LDR Effective Dates of Surface Disposed 
Prohibited Hazardous Wastes

                                National Capacity LDR Variances for UIC Wastes a                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Waste code                             Waste category                       Effective date        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F001-F005.............................  All spent F001-F005 solvent containing    Aug. 8, 1990.                 
                                         less than 1 percent total F001-F005                                    
                                         solvent constituents.                                                  
D001 (except High TOC Ignitable         All.....................................  Feb. 10, 1994.                
 Liquids Subcategory)c.                                                                                         
D001 (High TOC Ignitable                Nonwastewater...........................  Sept. 19, 1995.               
 Characteristic Liquids Subcategory).                                                                           
D002b.................................  All.....................................  May 8, 1992.                  
D002c.................................  All.....................................  Feb. 10, 1994.                
D003 (cyanides).......................  All.....................................  May 8, 1992.                  
D003 (sulfides).......................  All.....................................  May 8, 1992.                  
D003 (explosives, reactives)..........  All.....................................  May 8, 1992.                  
D007..................................  All.....................................  May 8, 1992.                  
D009..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  May 8, 1992.                  
D012..................................  All.....................................  Sept. 19, 1995.               
D013..................................  All.....................................  Sept. 19, 1995.               
D014..................................  All.....................................  Sept. 19, 1995.               
D015..................................  All.....................................  Sept. 19, 1995.               
D016..................................  All.....................................  Sept. 19, 1995.               
D017..................................  All.....................................  Sept. 19, 1995.               
D018..................................  All, including mixed with radioactive     Apr. 8, 1998.                 
                                         wastes.                                                                
D019..................................  All, including mixed with radioactive     Apr. 8, 1998.                 
                                         wastes.                                                                
D020..................................  All, including mixed with radioactive     Apr. 8, 1998.                 
                                         wastes.                                                                
D021..................................  All, including mixed with radioactive     Apr. 8, 1998.                 
                                         wastes.                                                                
D022..................................  All, including mixed with radioactive     Apr. 8, 1998.                 
                                         wastes.                                                                
D023..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D024..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D025..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D026..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D027..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D028..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 

[[Page 26038]]

                                                                                                                
D029..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D030..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D031..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D032..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D033..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D034..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D035..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D036..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D037..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D038..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D039..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D040..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D041..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D042..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
D043..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  Apr. 8, 1998.                 
F007..................................  All.....................................  June 8, 1991.                 
F032..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  May 12, 1999.                 
F034..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  May 12,1999.                  
F035..................................  All, including mixed radioactive wastes.  May 12, 1999.                 
F037..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1992.                 
F038..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1992.                 
F039..................................  Wastewater..............................  May 8, 1992.                  
K009..................................  Wastewater..............................  June 8, 1991.                 
K011..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1991.                 
K011..................................  Wastewater..............................  May 8, 1992.                  
K011..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1991.                 
K011..................................  Wastewater..............................  May 8, 1992.                  
K013..................................  Nonwastewater...........................  June 8, 1991.                 
K013..................................  Wastewater..............................  May 8, 1992.                  
K014..................................  All.....................................  May 8, 1992.                  
K016 (dilute).........................  All.....................................  June 8, 1991.                 
K049..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K050..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K051..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K052..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K062..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K071..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K088..................................  All.....................................  Jan. 8, 1997.                 
K104..................................  All.....................................  Aug. 8, 1990.                 
K107..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 8, 1992.                 
K108..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K109..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K110..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K111..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K112..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K117..................................  All.....................................  June 30, 1995.                
K118..................................  All.....................................  June 30, 1995.                
K123..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K124..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K125..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K126..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K131..................................  All.....................................  June 30, 1995.                
K132..................................  All.....................................  June 30, 1995.                
K136..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
K141..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K142..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K143..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K144..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K145..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K147..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K148..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K149..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K150..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K151..................................  All.....................................  Dec. 19, 1994.                
K156..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
K157..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
K158..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
K159..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
K160..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
K161..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P127..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P128..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 

[[Page 26039]]

                                                                                                                
P185..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P188..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P189..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P190..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P191..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P192..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P194..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P196..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P197..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P198..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P199..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P201..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P202..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P203..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P204..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
P205..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U271..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U277..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U278..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U279..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U280..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U328..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
U353..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
U359..................................  All.....................................  Nov. 9, 1992.                 
U364..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U365..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U366..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U367..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U372..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U373..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U375..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U376..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U377..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U378..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U379..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U381..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U382..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U383..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U384..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U385..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U386..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U387..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U389..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U390..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U391..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U392..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U395..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U396..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U400..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U401..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U402..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U403..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U404..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U407..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U409..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U410..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
U411..................................  All.....................................  July 8, 1996.                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Wastes that are deep well disposed on-site receive a six-month variance, with restrictions effective in       
  November 1990.                                                                                                
b Deepwell injected D002 liquids with a pH less than 2 must meet the California List treatment standards on     
  August 8, 1990.                                                                                               
c Managed in systems defined in 40 CFR 144.6(e) and 14.6(e) as Class V injection wells, that do not engage in   
  CWA-equivalent treatment before injection.                                                                    
Note: This table is provided for the convenience of the reader.                                                 

PART 271--REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTHORIZATION OF STATE HAZARDOUS WASTE 
PROGRAMS

    22. The authority citation for Part 271 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 9602; 33 U.S.C. 1321 and 1361.

Subpart A--Requirements for Final Authorization

    23. Section 271.1(j) is amended by adding the following entries to 
Table 1 in chronological order by effective date in the Federal 
Register, and by adding

[[Page 26040]]

the following entries to Table 2 in chronological order by date of 
publication in the Federal Register, to read as follows:


Sec. 271.1  Purpose and scope.

* * * * *
    (j) * * *

               Table 1.--Regulations Implementing the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          Federal                               
            Promulgation date                  Title of regulation        Register          Effective date      
                                                                         reference                              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
May 12, 1997.............................  Land Disposal Restrictions   62 FR 26040  August 11, 1997.           
                                            for Wood Preserving Wastes                                          
                                            and Paperwork Reductions.                                           
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                      Table 2.--Self-Implementing Provisions of the Solid Waste Amendments of 1984                                      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Effective date               Self-implementing provision                      RCRA citation                      Federal Register reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                                        
                   *                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                  
August 11, 1997.........................  Prohibition on land          3004(g)(4)(c) and 3004 (m)...........................  May 12, 1997.             
                                           disposal of wood                                                                   62 FR 26040               
                                           preserving wastes.                                                                                           
May 12, 1999............................  Prohibition on land          3004(m)..............................................      Do.                   
                                           disposal of radioactive                                                                                      
                                           waste and soil and debris                                                                                    
                                           mixed with wood preserving                                                                                   
                                           wastes.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                        
                   *                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
[FR Doc. 97-11636 Filed 5-9-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P