[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 91 (Monday, May 12, 1997)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 25998-26040]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-11636]
[[Page 25997]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
_______________________________________________________________________
40 CFR Part 148, et al.
Land Disposal Restrictions Phase IV: Treatment Standards for Wood
Preserving Wastes, Paperwork Reduction and Streamlining, Exemptions
From RCRA for Certain Processed Materials; and Miscellaneous Hazardous
Waste Provisions; Final Rule
Second Supplemental Proposal on Treatment Standards for Metal Wastes
and Mineral Processing Wastes, Mineral Processing and Bevill Exclusion
Issues, and the Use of Hazardous Waste as Fill; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and
Regulations
[[Page 25998]]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 148, 261, 268, and 271
RIN 2050 AE05
[FRL 5816-5]
Land Disposal Restrictions--Phase IV: Treatment Standards for
Wood Preserving Wastes, Paperwork Reduction and Streamlining,
Exemptions From RCRA for Certain Processed Materials; and Miscellaneous
Hazardous Waste Provisions
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, the Agency).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Agency is finalizing treatment standards for hazardous
wastes generated from wood preserving operations, and is making a
conforming amendment to the standard for wastes from production of
chlorinated aliphatics which carry the F024 hazardous waste code. These
treatment standards will minimize threats to human health and the
environment posed by these wastes. In addition, this final rule revises
the land disposal restrictions (LDR) program to significantly reduce
paperwork requirements by 1.6 million hours. This rule also finalizes
both the decision to employ polymerization as an alternative method of
treatment for certain ignitable wastes as well as the decision not to
ban certain wastes from biological treatment because there is no need
to classify these wastes as ``nonamenable.'' It also clarifies an
exception from LDR requirements for de minimis amounts of
characteristic wastewaters. Finally, this rule excludes processed
circuit boards and scrap metal from RCRA regulation which is intended
to promote the goal of safe recycling.
EFFECTIVE DATE: This final rule is effective on August 11, 1997 except
Secs. 148.18(b) and 268.30(b), which are effective on May 12, 1999.
ADDRESSES: The public docket for this rulemaking is available for
public inspection at EPA's RCRA Docket, located at Crystal Gateway,
First Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, Virginia. The
regulatory docket for this final rule contains a number of background
materials. To obtain a list of these items, contact the RCRA Docket at
703-603-9230 and request the list of references in EPA Docket #F-97-
PH4F-FFFFF.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: The RCRA Hotline between 9:00 a.m.-
6:00 p.m. EST, toll-free, at 800-424-9346; (703) 412-9810 from
Government phones or if in the Washington, DC local calling area; or
800-553-7672 for the hearing impaired. For more detailed information on
specific aspects of the rulemaking, contact the Waste Treatment Branch
(5302W), Office of Solid Waste (OSW), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460; phone (703) 308-8434.
For technical information on the treatment standards for wood
preserving wastes, ask for Nick Vizzone; for information on paperwork
reduction and clean-up of Part 268, call Rhonda Minnick at (703) 308-
8771 or Nick Vizzone at (703) 308-8460. Contact Kristina Meson at (703)
308-8488 for information on the exclusions for scrap metal and shredded
circuit boards. Call Pan Lee at (703) 308-8478 for information on the
capacity analyses. For questions on the regulatory impact analyses,
contact Paul Borst at (703) 308-0481. For other questions, call Sue
Slotnick at (703) 308-8434.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Availability of Rule on Internet
This rule is available on the Internet. Please follow these
instructions to access the rule electronically: From the World Wide Web
(WWW), type http://www.epa.gov/rules and regulations. In addition,
several technical background documents contained in the docket
supporting this rule will be available on the Internet at http://
www.epa.gov/offices and regions/oswer.
Table of Contents
I. Background
II. Potentially Regulated Entities
III. New Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment Standards for Wastes
from Wood Preserving (Waste Codes F032, F034, and F035) and Revised
Treatment Standard for Chlorinated Aliphatics Waste (F024)
A. Summary
B. Determination of BDAT
1. General
2. F032 wastewaters
3. F034 wastes
4. F035 wastes
C. Alternative Combustion Treatment Standard for Dioxins and
Furans in F032
1. Today's action
2. Background
3. Summary of Phase IV NODA for F032
4. Review of Major Comments on Phase IV NODA and Promulgation of
A Modified Version of Suboption Three
5. Revised Treatment Standard for F024 Wastes
D. Soil and Debris Contaminated with Wood Preserving Wastes
1. Summary of comments
2. LDR Requirements Do Apply to Contaminated Media
3. Technology- versus Risk-based Treatment Limits
4. UTS Limits and the Performance of Remedial Treatment
Technologies
IV. Improvements to the Land Disposal Restrictions Program
A. Significant Reduction in LDR Paperwork
1. Background
2. Discussion of Specific Paperwork Changes
B. Clean-up of LDR Requirements in 40 CFR 268
1. Section 268.1
2. Section 268.4
3. Section 268.5
4. Section 268.7
5. Section 268.9
6. References to section 268.32
7. Sections 268.34-268.37
8. References to sections 268.41-268.43
9. Appendices
C. Clarifications of Point of Generation
1. General Discussion
2. Boiler Cleanout
3. Sludge From High TOC (Total Organic Carbon) D001 Treated in
Tank Based Systems
4. Tank Rinsate
D. POLYM Method of Treatment for High-TOC (Total Organic Carbon)
Ignitable D001 Wastes
E. Decision to Retain Current Treatment Standard for Multi-
Source Leachate (Waste Code F039)
V. Status of Proposed Provisions on Leaks, Sludges, and Air
Emissions from RCRA-Equivalent Treatment of Decharacterized
Wastewaters in Clean Water Act Surface Impoundments
VI. Decision Not to Ban Nonamenable Wastes from Biological Treatment
VII. Capacity Determinations For Wood Preserving Wastes
A. Introduction
B. Available Capacity
1. Thermal Treatment
2. Stabilization
3. Wastewater Treatment
C. Required Capacity and Comparison with Available Capacity
D. Mixed Radioactive Wastes
E. Phase IV Wood Preserving Wastes Injected Into Underground
Injection Control (UIC) Class I Wells Injected into Class I Wells
F. Summary of Variance Determinations
VIII. Changes to Definition of Solid Waste to Exclude Processed
Scrap Metal and Shredded Circuit Boards From RCRA Jurisdiction
A. Processed Scrap Metal
1. Summary of Proposal
2. Modifications to the proposal
B. Shredded Circuit Boards
1. The Proposal
2. Exclusion For Shredded Circuit Boards Conditioned On
Containerized Storage Prior To Recovery
3. Limitation on Mercury Switches, Mercury Relays, Nickel-
Cadmium Batteries and Lithium Batteries
4. Clarification of regulatory status of secondary materials
associated with the generation or management of circuit boards.
IX. State Authority
[[Page 25999]]
A. Applicability of Rules in Authorized States
B. Abbreviated Authorization Procedures
C. Effect on State Authorization
D. Less stringent requirements
X. Regulatory Requirements
A. Regulatory Impact Analysis Pursuant to Executive Order 12866
1. Methodology Section
2. Volume Results
3. Cost Results
4. Economic Impact Results
5. Benefit Estimate Results
B. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
C. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
D. Paperwork Reduction Act
XI. Environmental Justice
A. Applicability of Executive Order 12898
B. Potential Effects
XII. Submission to Congress and General Accounting Office
I. Background
In the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Congress specified that
land disposal of hazardous waste is prohibited unless the waste meets
treatment standards established by EPA. HSWA requires that treatment
standards must substantially diminish the toxicity or mobility of
hazardous waste, so that short and long term threats to human health
and the environment are minimized. The treatment standards are part of
the Land Disposal Restrictions Program.
Today's final rule is one part of the collection of land disposal
restrictions (LDR) rules known as ``Phase IV.'' They are the latest in
a series of LDR rules that establish treatment standards for newly
listed and identified wastes, and that resolve other hazardous waste
matters.
EPA proposed the Phase IV rule in two proposed rules (60 FR 43654,
August 22, 1995; and 61 FR 2338, January 25, 1996), and subsequently
issued a Notice of Data Availability on Phase IV issues (61 FR 21418,
May 10, 1996). The attached rule finalizes portions of those earlier
proposals. Other proposed revisions are in a second supplemental
proposed rule elsewhere in this Federal Register.
EPA estimates that the directly measurable benefits associated with
the land disposal restrictions treatment standards in this rule are
limited relative to the costs that may be incurred. Therefore, the
relative priority of addressing these risks could be questioned.
However, we do not believe, for this specific action, that a simple
cost effectiveness measure alone provides a sufficient basis for
decision-making. As discussed below, the preference for permanent
treatment of hazardous wastes is part of the basic policy structure
which Congress enacted when it amended RCRA in 1984, and reflects
concern over the technological uncertainties regarding risks and long
term protectiveness of land disposal and the intent to assure that
waste management practices are protective for future generations.
The whole premise of the LDR legislation is that risks posed by
land disposal of hazardous wastes are inherently uncertain to evaluate
and that land-based units are incapable of long term containment. Land
disposal units (such as landfills, surface impoundments, and waste
piles) are engineered units that can and have failed in the past with
significant consequences to human health and the environment. For this
reason, Congress required that hazardous wastes be pretreated before
disposal by ``treatment [which] should be the best that has been
demonstrated to be achievable.'' Congressional Record of July 25, 1984
(S9178). The technology-based approach of the land disposal
restrictions provides a measure of insurance against the potential for
failure in these land based units.
Given these facts, and evident Congressional intent, EPA continues
to believe that the LDR prohibitions and treatment standards are
justified in many instances. EPA sets treatment standards that reduce
toxicity and mobility of hazardous constituents (or require recycling),
and EPA also requires that the treated wastes be placed in reasonably
secure land disposal units. However, EPA does believe that, in some
situations, the current LDR rules may not provide the optimum
regulatory approach. In those situations, EPA will look to other
mechanisms to address those relatively low risk scenarios.
II. Potentially Regulated Entities
Entities potentially regulated by this final rule vary according to
the section of the rule. The following table breaks down the categories
industries that may be regulated according to each major section. The
table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to provide a guide
for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this action.
This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware could
potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not
listed in the table could also be regulated.
Table of Entities--Potentially Affected by the Phase IV Final Rule
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Examples of entities potentially
Section of the rule Category affected
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Addition to 40 CFR Sec. 268.40--Treatment Wood Preserving Hazardous Waste Any person that generates over
standards for wood preserving wastes. Generators. 100kg of F032, F034, or F035.
Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities that treat F032,
Facilities. F034, or F035.
Modifications to 40 CFR Sec. 268.7--Waste Hazardous Waste Generators....... Any person who generates over
Analysis and Recordkeeping. 100kg of prohibited hazardous
waste, or over 1 kg of acute
hazardous waste in a calendar
month.
Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities permitted under 40
Facilities. CFR Part 270 for incinerators,
surface impoundments, and/or
land treatment facilities.
Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilities permitted under 40
Facilities. CFR Part 270 for landfills, and/
or injection wells.
Addition of Secs. 261.4(a)(12) and Scrap Metal and/or Circuit Board Persons who generate scrap
261.4(a)(13)--Exclusion from the Generators. metal, as defined under 40 CFR
definition of solid waste for excluded Sec. 261.1(c)(6) (e.g., Die
scrap metal and shredded circuit boards. Casters, Metal Stampers,
Machining Parts).
Scrap Metal Salvage and Storage Facilities that store scrap
Yards. metal, but do not generate or
recycle.
[[Page 26000]]
Scrap Metal Recyclers............ Facilities that process scrap
metal as defined in 40 CFR Sec.
261.1(c)(10).
Circuit Board Shredders.......... Facilities that shred circuit
boards.
Point of generation; Decision not to ban Hazardous Waste Generators....... Any person who generates over
nonamenable wastes. 100kg of prohibited hazardous
waste, or over 1 kg of acute
hazardous waste in a calendar
month.
Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities that perform
Facilities. biological treatment in surface
impoundments.
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III. New Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment Standards for Wastes From
Wood Preserving (Waste Codes F032, F034, and F035) and Revised
Treatment Standard for Chlorinated Aliphatics Waste (F024)
A. Summary
EPA is promulgating UTS limits as the treatment standards for the
hazardous constituents in wood preserving wastes F032, F034, and F035,
as proposed. (See 60 FR 43654, August 24, 1995; 60 FR 546451, October
25, 1995; and 61 FR 21417, May 10, 1996.) In addition, EPA is
establishing a compliance alternative for dioxin and furan (D/F)
constituents in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F032, namely
allowing use of a method of treatment--combustion--for these
constituents. Thus, if this method of treatment is utilized, combustion
residues would not have to be analyzed for D/F constituents. The
alternative is only available for F032 residues from units subject to
the standards in Part 264 subpart O or Part 266 subpart H, or from
interim status incinerators which have made a specific demonstration
that they operate in a manner equivalent to a Part 264 or Part 266
combustion unit. EPA also is amending the treatment standard previously
established for F024 wastes. EPA is adopting the alternative compliance
standard for F032 as the standard for F024. The practical effect of
this change will be to limit somewhat the type of facilities that can
combust F024.
B. Determination of BDAT
1. General
EPA has determined that combustion (CMBST) represents BDAT for
organics in nonwastewater forms of F032 and F034 (i.e., the treatment
standards are based on the performance of combustion technology). For
organics in wastewater forms of F032 and F034, EPA has determined that
a single treatment technology or a normal wastewater treatment train
can meet the treatment standards promulgated today. As explained in the
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology Background Document for
Wood Preserving Wastes--F032, F034, and F035 (Wood Preserving
Background Document for this rule), EPA has determined that wastewater
treatment technologies such as biological treatment, steam stripping,
carbon adsorption, or combinations of these technologies can treat
organics regulated in F032 and F034 to the concentration levels
promulgated today. These wastewater treatment technologies are
available to, or in use at, existing wood preserving facilities.
For metals in nonwastewater forms of F032, F034, and F035, EPA has
determined that the promulgated treatment standards can be based on
(slag) vitrification for arsenic and on stabilization for chromium
(total). The treatment standard for arsenic also can be achieved using
stabilization treatment (see the Wood Preserving Background Document).
For wastewater forms of F032, F034, and F035, EPA has determined that
treatment levels can be achieved by lime addition followed by
sedimentation and filtration for arsenic, and by chemical precipitation
followed by sedimentation for chromium. (Of course, since no method of
treatment is required to be used under the promulgated treatment
standards, any type of treatment other than impermissible dilution may
be used to achieve these concentration levels.)
2. F032 Wastewaters
Some commenters felt that the limits proposed for D/F in F032
wastewaters, namely the existing UTS limits, were not achievable.
Commenters felt that EPA's own wastewater characterization data showed
that the D/F concentrations in untreated F032 wastewaters were orders
of magnitude higher than the untreated concentrations in the wastewater
samples used in establishing the UTS limits. They also emphasized that
biological treatment normally removes D/F constituents in the order of
78% of influent pollutants and thus, may yield an effluent with higher
concentrations than those proposed by EPA.
EPA has examined the available data on the characterization of
F032, prevailing management practices for wastewaters as difficult to
treat as F032, and for wastewaters managed by biological treatment
systems. EPA acknowledges that the concentrations of D/F in F032
wastewaters, as generated, are much higher than those treated by the
biological treatment system supporting the existing UTS limits for D/F.
However, based on the available data on wastewater treatment practices
at wood preserving facilities, EPA believes that prevailing wastewater
treatment practices can be optimized or upgraded to meet the D/F limits
promulgated for F032 wastewaters. As explained in the BDAT Background
Document, pretreatment steps can be, and are, used to reduce influent
concentrations to biotreatment units to levels comparable to those on
which the treatment standards are based, and EPA believes the same
level of performance is achievable for wood preservers. (See the wood
preserving background document and the BDAT response to comments
document for additional discussion on EPA's rationale and data review.)
Another commenter asked EPA to withdraw its proposal for the
regulation of D/F constituents in F032 wastewaters. The commenter
believes that the regulation of PCP and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) can ensure the reduction of D/F in F032 wastewaters.
The commenter also submitted data with regard to concentrations of D/F,
PCP, and PAH analytes in two effluent F032 wastewaters treated by
activated carbon adsorption. These data appear to support the
commenter's statement that monitoring of PCP and PAHs may serve as a
surrogate candidate for the reduction of D/F levels in these particular
effluent wastewaters. However, EPA lacks data to determine if the
alternative surrogate constituents
[[Page 26001]]
proposed for regulation can also serve as surrogates for monitoring the
treatment of D/F in wastewater treatment effluents resulting from other
treatment technology trains that may achieve the proposed UTS, and has
therefore chosen not to adopt this suggestion.
3. F034 Wastes
Some commenters objected to EPA's proposed regulation of arsenic
and chromium in F034 wastes, but their arguments were not persuasive.
One argument was that F034 wastes typically do not contain arsenic and
chromium and that they should only be regulated if chromated copper
arsenate (CCA) is used at the facility generating F034 at
concentrations exceeding treatment standards. EPA's data supporting the
listing of F034 wastes in fact show that arsenic and chromium are
frequently present in F034. (See Background Document Supporting the
Final Listing for Wastes from Wood Preserving Processes, November,
1990.) Further, EPA determined that these two metal constituents are
toxic and that their concentrations in untreated F034 wastes also
supported the listing of these wastes as RCRA hazardous waste F034.
(See Background Document Supporting the Final Listing for Wood
Preserving Wastes from Wood Preserving, November, 1990; 55 FR 50458-59,
December 6, 1990; and 53 FR 53299-300, Table 13, December 30, 1988.)
Because treatment of organic constituents in F034 may not reduce the
mobility of these metals, EPA is promulgating treatment standards that
will assure that the mobility of these metal constituents is reduced
prior to disposal, consistent with a core LDR requirement to develop
treatment standards which ``substantially reduce the likelihood of
migration of hazardous constituents from the waste * * *''. RCRA
section 3004(m)(1). Furthermore, EPA points out that treaters of this
waste can address the monitoring of these metal constituents in their
permit Waste Analysis Plans (WAP). See 55 FR at 22669, June 1, 1990;
Chemical Waste Management v. EPA, 976 F.2d 2, 31 (D.C. Cir. 1992);
cert. denied 113 S.Ct. 1961 (1993).
4. F035 Wastes
Other commenters were concerned with the achievability of arsenic
limits in wastewater and nonwastewater forms of F035. One commenter was
concerned that EPA was mandating the use of vitrification as opposed to
setting a numerical limit. Other commenters felt that vitrification is
an inappropriate technology for setting arsenic treatment limits and
that EPA should set, instead, UTS limits that are based on the
performance of stabilization technologies.
None of these commenters have submitted treatment performance data
supporting their inability to meet the proposed UTS limits, nor have
they documented that their waste will behave differently when treated
by stabilization or vitrification practices. The treatment technology
supporting numerical limits for arsenic in nonwastewater forms of F032
is vitrification. However, EPA believes that arsenic limits can also be
achieved via stabilization based on treatment data supporting the
promulgation of the UTS limit for arsenic (see Final Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Universal Standards
Volume A: Universal Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of Listed
Hazardous Wastes). In addition, today's promulgated treatment levels do
not preclude the use of other treatment alternatives such as
stabilization, as long as such alternatives do not constitute land
disposal or impermissible dilution. As a result, EPA is promulgating
treatment limits for arsenic as proposed.
C. Alternative Combustion Treatment Standard for Dioxins and Furans in
F032
1. Today's Action
This notice establishes combustion (defined at 40 CFR 268.42, Table
1, CMBST) as an alternative compliance treatment standard option for D/
F in F032. Combustion is the basis for the D/F numerical limits, and
properly conducted combustion should effectively destroy D/F
constituents, If this method of treatment is used to treat F032 in
certain specified combustion devices, there is no need to monitor
compliance with the D/F numerical limits established for D/F
constituents. However, all other organic and metal constituents will
require monitoring prior to disposal. This approach is patterned after
EPA's promulgation of a similar alternative treatment standard for D/F
in F024 (wastes from production of chlorinated aliphatics). See 55 FR
22580-81, June 1, 1990. EPA discussed this approach in detail in a
Notice of Data Availability (NODA) that appeared in the Federal
Register on May 10, 1996 (61 FR 21418).
In general, EPA is providing a method of treatment as an
alternative to actual D/F measurement that will be equally protective,
and will assure availability of effective treatment for these wastes.
The alternative, namely not providing the alternative treatment
standard, leaves open the real possibility of these wastes being
refused treatment, an environmentally worse result. EPA also notes that
its experience with F024 waste treatment, for which there is a parallel
treatment regime, has been satisfactory: these wastes are effectively
treated by combustion technology, and sufficient treatment capacity has
remained available once EPA promulgated the alternative treatment
standard which did not require analysis of D/F in treatment residues.
2. Background
EPA proposed numerical treatment standards for F032 constituents on
August 22, 1995. Several members of the regulated community expressed
concern that EPA's proposal to regulate D/F constituents in F032 may
result in problems finding treatment facilities willing to accept the
waste. D/F are very controversial hazardous waste constituents that
often trigger public opposition if documented at any concentrations
regardless of the estimated risks presented. D/F monitoring also adds
significantly to monitoring costs. See generally, 55 FR at 22580-81.
Commenters emphasized that owners and operators of combustion devices
had informed them that their combustion facilities will not accept F032
if EPA requires the monitoring of D/F in combustion residues. Further,
commenters noted that if combustion is conducted properly, analysis of
D/F is unnecessary.
The American Wood Preservers Institute (AWPI) and the Penta Task
Force asked EPA to consider establishing an alternative treatment
standard that sets a method of treatment as an alternative to the
numerical limits for D/F in F032.
The Penta Task Force submitted data to show that the concentrations
of D/F in F032 are substantially lower than those EPA reported in the
F032 Listing Background Document. They stated their belief, along with
AWPI, that D/F in F032 should be regulated like D/F in F024.
3. Summary of Phase IV NODA for F032
EPA examined these new data and concerns and proposed in the NODA
to codify combustion (CMBST) as an alternative method of treatment for
D/F in F032. EPA also requested comments on potential regulatory
controls on combustion devices to assure that D/F destruction is
conducted only in well-designed and well-operated combustion devices.
EPA proposed three regulatory suboptions for implementing a CMBST
standard. One suboption was to merely apply the existing F024
alternative
[[Page 26002]]
combustion treatment standard to F032 with applicable regulatory
controls in Part 264, 265, or 266. The second suboption was to revise
the alternative D/F standard for F024, and establish for F024 and F032,
a CMBST standard alternative, that would limit the combustion of F032
and F024 to RCRA permitted or interim status combustion devices which
have demonstrated the ability to achieve a dioxin toxicity equivalent
(TEQ) air emission discharge limit of 0.2 ng/dscm. The third suboption
was to revise the F024 standard, and to establish an alternative
standard for F024 and F032 that limits the combustion of F024 and F032
to RCRA permitted combustion devices. (In all of these options, and in
today's final rule, the restriction on types of devices applies only to
facilities opting to comply with the D/F standard without analyzing
treatment residues.)
4. Review of Major Comments on Phase IV NODA and Promulgation of A
Modified Version of Suboption Three
The majority of commenters supported the proposed compliance
alternative setting CMBST as a method of treatment for D/F. In
addition, the majority of commenters preferred suboption 1 (i.e., allow
combustion in a RCRA interim status or permitted device) to ensure that
combustion is conducted in well-designed and well-operated devices. A
significant number of commenters also were concerned that adoption of
suboption 3 may have excluded the use of well-designed and well-
operated interim status combustion devices operated under the Part 266
rules applicable to boilers and industrial furnaces.
The majority of commenters argued that it would be premature for
the Agency to adopt suboption 2 whereby a D/F emission limit of 0.2 ng/
dscm TEQ would be established given that the Agency has only recently
proposed such an emission standard for hazardous waste burning
incinerators, cement, and lightweight aggregate kilns under the maximum
achievable control technology (MACT) rule. See 61 FR 17358 (April 19,
1996).1 The Agency believes that this concern is warranted
given that EPA has received substantial comments on whether that
standard is appropriate for those devices and has not made a final
decision as to an appropriate standard.
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\1\ Also available via Internet: ``http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/
cmbust.htm''.
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The Agency believes that suboption 3 (i.e., allow combustion of
FO24 and FO32 only in RCRA-permitted devices), as proposed, was too
restrictive. EPA agrees with the commenters that interim status boilers
and industrial furnaces operated under Part 266 should qualify for the
proposed alternative CMBST compliance standard as well. These devices
are subject to interim status combustion controls which limit carbon
monoxide (CO) or total hydrocarbon levels (THC) in combustion gases,
thus ensuring that the devices operate under good combustion
conditions. The standards also can include explicit control of D/F
under specified conditions (see section 266.103 (c)(1)). Although these
controls do not provide the explicit demonstration of destruction of
toxic organics in the waste feed that the DRE (Destruction and Removal
Efficiency) for permitted combustion devices standard provides, the
Agency believes that they establish good combustion, and may, in some
cases, provide even better assurance of operations under good
combustion conditions than the bare DRE standard.
Accordingly, the Agency believes that it is not necessary to
restrict burning to RCRA-permitted devices because boilers and
industrial furnaces operating under interim status are required to
operate under good combustion conditions which should ensure
destruction of toxic organic compounds in the waste feed.
The Agency acknowledges that ensuring that the combustion device
operates under good combustion conditions (i.e., either under a DRE
standard or by limiting carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon
levels (THC) in stack gas) may not necessarily ensure control of D/F
emissions. This is because D/F can be formed in the post-combustion
zone of the device--in the duct work and particulate matter control
devices that operate at temperatures above 350 deg.F. Boilers and
industrial furnaces operating under these conditions must comply with
specific D/F emission standards. (See 40 CFR 266.103(c)(1) and
266.104(e).) In addition, under existing Omnibus permit authority,
permit writers have the authority, if the permitting authority
demonstrates that it is necessary to protect human health and the
environment (RCRA section 3005(c)(3)), to impose operating requirements
more stringent than those authorized by regulations. This authority
could be invoked (assuming the requisite showing is made) to justify
controls on permitted hazardous waste incinerators.
EPA currently lacks similar Omnibus permit authorities for
incinerators regulated under Part 265, Subpart O. In addition, unlike
the standards for interim status boilers and industrial furnaces, the
interim status standards for hazardous waste incinerators do not
contain controls on good combustion (i.e., CO or THC controls), a DRE
requirement, or explicit standards for D/F. EPA is concerned,
therefore, that the combustion of F032 and F024 in Part 265
incinerators may not consistently achieve the treatment objectives
sought by the alternative combustion compliance treatment standard. As
a result, EPA cannot support the promulgation of suboption 1 for
incinerators operated under Part 265. (See also 265.352(a), forbidding
combustion of the acutely hazardous D/F-containing wastes in interim
status hazardous waste incinerators.)
Although EPA's finding here is that the interim status incinerator
standards may be inadequate for qualifying for a CMBST treatment
standard for D/F, EPA believes that on an ad-hoc basis, a site-specific
determination can be made pursuant to 40 CFR Part 268.42(b) to extend
the availability of a ``CMBST'' treatment standard to an individual
interim status incinerator. The availability of a CMBST treatment
standard to a facility combusting F032 or F024 in a Part 265
incinerator will require the accomplishment of a two-step process. One
step is for the facility to demonstrate to a regional or state official
that the combustion of D/F in F032 (or F024, if applicable) at the
facility uses controls to assure good combustion and control of D/F.
These would typically be the CO/THC standards and D/F standards found
in Part 266. The second step is that the facility solicits from EPA's
Headquarters an equivalent treatment determination under Part
268.42(b). (EPA believes both steps are necessary because normally some
type of direct interaction with the Region or State with the facility
is needed to evaluate performance of the combustion process, and the
treatment equivalency administrative process remains an EPA
Headquarters task.)
5. Revised Treatment Standard for F024 Wastes
The current F024 treatment standard requires CMBST as a method of
treatment, which, under the definition at 268.42, Table 1, allows
combustion in Part 265 Subpart O interim status incinerator (along with
other types of combustion devices). Today's rule makes the treatment
standard for F024 identical to today's alternative combustion standard
for F032. The existing standard allows combustion in permitted units or
interim status incinerators (Part 265 subpart O). The new standard
would require that an interim status incinerator receive a
[[Page 26003]]
determination of equivalent treatment under 268.42(b), as described for
the F032 standard above. As described above, this restricts the burning
to facilities with combustion controls that ensure proper destruction
of D/F.
D. Soil and Debris Contaminated With Wood Preserving Wastes
1. Summary of Comments
Several commenters asked EPA to revise its policy that media
contaminated with hazardous listed wastes is subject to the treatment
standard for the contaminated waste, and to set instead risk-based
treatment levels. They asked EPA to delay the applicability of the
Phase IV final rule until the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule for
contaminated hazardous media is promulgated in order to lessen
potential disruptions to ongoing remediation activities. In addition,
other commenters argued that the proposed treatment standards for
organics and D/F were unachievable by remediation technologies.
2. LDR Requirements Do Apply to Contaminated Media
Commenters stated that hazardous media should be exempt from LDR
requirements until EPA finalizes HWIR for contaminated media. This
issue was settled in the Phase II final rule (50 FR at 47986-7,
September 19, 1994) if not before, and it is not being reopened in this
final rule.
3. Technology-versus Risk-based Treatment Limits
The principal objection to the proposed treatment standards was
that the values do not reflect risk, that is, the standards are based
on performance of a treatment technology rather than on assessment of
risks to the human health and the environment posed by the waste. The
question of technology-versus risk-based treatment standards has been
raised throughout the development of the land disposal restrictions
program. The Agency is not reopening this issue in this final rule.
See, instead discussion in the Phase II final rule (59 FR at 47986,
September 19, 1994). EPA does specifically find, however, that the
treatment standards for these contaminated media are not established
below levels at which threats to human health and the environment are
minimized. In part, this finding turns on the Agency's present
inability to quantify this level. In addition, for these wastes, the
presence of extremely toxic hazardous constituents (arsenic, D/F, PCP),
plus the widespread contamination already caused by past land disposal
of these wastes (see, e.g. the background documents to the Listing
rules for F032, F034, and F035) warrant treatment which effectively
destroys, removes, or immobilizes hazardous constituents to the
promulgated levels.
4. UTS Limits and the Performance of Remedial Treatment Technologies
The third issue raised by the commenters is whether or not the UTS
limits promulgated for organics can be achieved by all remediation
technologies currently being used at wood preserving facilities. The
UTS limits promulgated for organics and D/F regulated in nonwastewater
forms of wood preserving wastes are based on the performance of (and
are routinely achievable by) combustion technologies. EPA does not have
to set treatment standards that are achievable by all, or even several,
treatment technologies. The treatment limits promulgated for D/F
constituents in nonwastewater forms of F032 are based on the combustion
of solids, liquids, and soils contaminated with D/F constituents,
namely acutely hazardous wastes F020, F022, F023, F026, and F027 (see
51 FR 1733, January 14, 1986). EPA's existing technical guidance
documents describing technological options for treating contaminants
found at wood preserving facilities often recommend incineration as a
viable technology for cleaning up ``hot spots'' of organics and D/F
contaminants. These guidance documents also emphasize that incineration
is usually able to treat below cleanup levels and LDR treatment limits.
(See Presumptive Remedies for Soils, Sediments, and Sludges at Wood
Treater Sites, Directive 9200.5-162, NTIS #PB-95-963410; Technology
Selection Guide for Wood Treater Sites, EPA 540-F-93-020 or Pub.9360.0-
46FS; and Contaminants and Remedial Options at Wood Preserving Sites,
EPA/600/R-92/182.)
Available data on the performance of noncombustion technologies
such as thermal desorption and chemical dehalogenation also do not
necessarily support the commenters' claim that other remedial
technologies will fail to meet the treatment limits promulgated today.
Based on the available information, EPA believes that chemical
dehalogenation (for D/F and chlorinated organic constituents) and
thermal desorption (for organics and D/F constituents) generally can be
optimized to meet the UTS limits promulgated today. (See Wood
Preserving Background Document and Technical Guidance documents cited
above.) Furthermore, it may be necessary to use two or more treatment
technologies to achieve the limits, as EPA's Technical Guidance
documents point out. This is, however, a site-specific determination,
and the ability of a treatment train to meet or fail UTS or cleanup
limits can only be assessed through the findings of a feasibility
study.
IV. Improvements to the Land Disposal Restrictions Program
A. Significant Reduction in LDR Paperwork
Summary: The LDR regulations heretofore required hazardous waste
handlers to include LDR notifications with each shipment of waste sent
to treaters or disposers. Today EPA is amending the rule to require
only a one-time notification, rather than with each shipment of
hazardous waste. The one-time notification would apply to shipments of
all restricted hazardous wastes, and so would include lab packs. No new
notification would be required unless there were a change in the waste,
process, or receiving facility. This amendment will save approximately
1,630,000 hours spent by the private sector on paperwork. EPA is also
promulgating other paperwork reduction actions, as proposed.
1. Background
In January 1995, EPA announced a goal to reduce the reporting and
record keeping burden imposed by its regulations by 25 percent by June
30, 1996. This announcement initiated implementation of one of the
reinvention projects set forth in the President's March 16, 1995,
report, ``Reinventing Environmental Regulations.'' The baseline from
which the 25 percent reduction was to be calculated was the reporting
and record keeping burden hours as described in the Information
Collection Request (ICR) documentation as of January 1, 1995.
2. Discussion of Specific Paperwork Changes
The LDR program imposes a significant reporting and record keeping
burden that is being decreased significantly by changes being made in
today's rule. It is estimated that the changes being made today result
in a reduction of over 1.6 million hours per year of paperwork burden.
Furthermore, these changes are not likely to compromise the
protectiveness or enforceability of the LDR regulations.
Most commenters on this issue supported the proposed paperwork
changes. Almost all commenters addressing this issue agreed that the
proposed changes made sense, and that
[[Page 26004]]
it would be beneficial to the regulated community to reduce the
paperwork burden. A few commenters expressed concern that the
reductions in LDR paperwork could be an incentive for mismanagement of
hazardous wastes. The Agency acknowledges that although the potential
for mismanagement is real, inspection and enforcement efforts have
been, and will continue to be, a disincentive to facilities to provide
false or misleading information about the hazardous wastes at their
sites. This disincentive is believed to be far more important than the
frequency with which the regulated community must create notification
and certifications. The Agency, therefore, is promulgating the
paperwork reductions despite this concern.
Much of the language specifying what must be included on LDR
notifications has been rewritten to include reductions in paperwork
burden and to make it easier for the regulated community to understand
the requirements to which it must adhere. Rewriting this section has
resulted in the renumbering of the regulatory paragraphs. The new
numbering for this section is used in this discussion. Also, the
generator paperwork requirements are consolidated into a table at
Sec. 268.7(a)(4).
Under the requirements of Sec. 268.7(a), generators managing
restricted hazardous wastes must determine whether their wastes meet
the applicable treatment standards at the point of generation, or are
otherwise exempt from those standards. Generators then must notify, in
writing, either the treatment or disposal facility about their waste.
The Agency is changing the notification requirement under
Sec. 268.7(a)(2) from one requiring a notice accompany each waste
shipment to one allowing an one-time notification that would accompany
the first waste shipment and would also be placed in the generator's
files. If a generator repeatedly generates wastes which do not meet the
applicable treatment standards, but the composition of these wastes, or
the process generating the wastes, or the treatment facility receiving
the wastes does not change, then the generator is only required to
submit a one-time notification to the receiving treatment facility and
to place a copy in their files. If the waste, process, or the receiving
treatment facility changes, the generator is required to send a new
notice to the receiving facility, and place a copy of this new notice
in their files. One commenter stated that the concept of what
constituted a change in one's waste was vague and should be clarified
so that a new notification would be required only when a change in the
waste affects the determination of which treatment standards apply. The
Agency agrees that only when a change in the waste affects the
determination of which treatment standards apply must the generator
create a new LDR notification.
The Agency proposed that the one-time notification requirement
would not apply to lab packs. Under the LDR program, a generator of a
lab pack can either meet the treatment standards and paperwork
requirements for all the hazardous wastes included in the lab pack, or
meet the streamlined lab pack requirements of Sec. 268.42 and the
paperwork requirements of Sec. 268.7(a)(9) (old Sec. 268.7(a)(8)).
Several commenters disagreed with the proposed approach, stating that
while lab packs can be highly variable in hazardous waste content,
there are instances where routine and consistent lab packs are shipped
by generators on a regular basis. It was also pointed out that if the
lab pack generator decided to meet the treatment standards of each
waste in the lab pack rather than the Sec. 268.42 alternative lab pack
standards, it would be allowable to produce a one-time notification for
each waste the lab pack contained. Therefore, it did not seem equitable
to make a lab pack generator that chose to use the alternative lab pack
standards produce a notification for each shipment, while a lab pack
generator meeting the treatment standards for each hazardous waste in
the lab pack could produce one-time notifications for each waste, so
long as their waste, process or receiving facility did not change.
Therefore, EPA has decided to change its proposed approach, and is
including generators of lab packs in the one-time notification
provisions of this final rule.
Furthermore, the lab pack notification requirements of
Sec. 268.7(a)(8) are streamlined in today's rule to include only the
requirements of Secs. 268.7(a)(2), 268.7(a)(6), and 268.7(a)(7). This
is possible because the alternative treatment standard for lab packs
specifies a method of treatment rather than concentration levels that
would have to be monitored after treatment. There is, therefore, no
need to know whether the wastes in the lab packs are wastewaters or
nonwastewaters or are hazardous debris (these are the data items being
deleted from the lab pack notification).
In Sec. 268.7(a)(3), the Agency is changing the notification
requirement so that a generator whose waste meets the appropriate
treatment standards as generated is only required to submit a one-time
notification and certification to the receiving facility. The
requirements for this one-time notification and certification are much
the same as those discussed above.
In Sec. 268.7(a)(5), EPA is removing the requirement that
generators treating on-site in tanks or containers have to submit waste
analysis plans to States and Regions. Instead, the plans must merely be
kept in their on-site files, as proposed.
The Agency is changing the record retention time period in
Sec. 268.7(a)(8) from five to three years, in order to make LDR
requirements consistent with other RCRA record retention periods.
Under Sec. 268.7(b)(4), the treatment facility is only required to
submit a one-time notification and certification to the receiving
facility, rather than submit one with each shipment of waste. A copy of
the notification and certification must be kept in the treatment
facility's files. If the waste, treatment system, or the receiving land
disposal facility changes, the treatment facility must send a new
notification and certification to the land disposal facility, and place
a copy of these records in their files. Furthermore, the treatment
facility notification requirements have been consolidated into a table
at Sec. 268.7(b)(4).
Finally, the Agency wishes to clarify that any records kept in
connection with the LDR program may be stored electronically,
eliminating the need to actually maintain paper copies. EPA wants to
encourage electronic storage of LDR notifications. However, because of
the complex issues involved in electronic data interchange (EDI), EPA
cannot at this time include standards for electronic storage of LDR
notifications in this final rule. The Agency may develop those
standards at a future date. Until such general standards for allowing
electronic storage of information are developed, EPA would note that it
has, on one occasion, confirmed that the use of an image scanning
system developed by Safety Kleen Corporation was sufficient to meet
hazardous waste manifest recordkeeping requirements (see attachment to
the letter to Catherine A. McCord in the docket). This system was used
to scan, store, and retrieve images of original hazardous waste
manifests with handwritten signatures. Although the letter confirmed
only that Safety Kleen's system met these requirements, the Agency
noted that similar systems used by others might also be able to meet
RCRA requirements.
B. Clean-up of LDR Requirements in 40 CFR 268
EPA is rewriting portions of the LDR regulations to help the
regulated community understand better what they
[[Page 26005]]
are required to do to comply with today's rule. Clean-up tasks such as
removing extraneous cross references, eliminating unneeded language,
removing unneeded appendices, and other similar actions have been taken
to eliminate confusion for the regulated community. A noteworthy change
is the elimination of the California List requirements that were
promulgated in 1987, because they have been superseded by more specific
treatment standards. In addition, a clarification has been made at 40
CFR 268.1(e) that the de minimis provision applies to characteristic
wastes as well as commercial chemical products and intermediates.
1. Section 268.1
Section 268.1(e)(4) is clarified so that the de minimis provision
applies to minor losses of characteristic wastes as well as to minor
releases of commercial chemical products and intermediates. EPA
actually made this clarification already in the Phase III final rule
(see 61 FR at 15597), but inadvertently omitted it from the Phase III
withdrawal notice (see 61 FR 15662). The withdrawal notice should have
removed paragraph 268.1(e)(4)(ii) only, because it dealt with the
special de minimis provisions for characteristic wastes being injected
into Class I injection wells (and thus, subject to the Land Disposal
Program Flexibility Act of 1996, the impetus for the withdrawal notice.
See 61 FR 15661). A typographical error made it appear that the entire
paragraph (e) was being withdrawn, which was not the intention of the
Agency. Therefore, today's regulatory language contains the text of
268.1(e) in its entirety, and clarifies that the de minimis provision
applies to characteristic wastes.
2. Section 268.4
Section 268.4(a)(2)(iv) is changed to read, ``Recordkeeping. The
sampling, analysis, and recordkeeping provisions of Secs. 264.13 and
265.13 apply.'' Referencing the Secs. 264.13 and 265.13 requirements in
Sec. 268.4 clarifies that there are no additional recordkeeping
requirements at Sec. 268.4; the general facility recordkeeping
requirements apply, thus the LDR program does not add additional
burden.
3. Section 268.5
The Agency proposed to amend Sec. 268.5(e) so that an applicant
could apply for and be granted additional time (up to one year) when
first applying for a case-by-case extension of the effective date.
Commenters argued, however, that it would be inappropriate for EPA to
grant what would be, in effect, a ``two-year'' case-by-case capacity
variance. Some commenters stated that the proposed change would hinder
necessary treatment capacity from being brought on-line expeditiously,
and that requiring a renewal application for a second-year extension
allows the Agency to evaluate whether the applicant has made a good-
faith effort to develop or locate hazardous waste treatment capacity.
The Agency is persuaded by the commenter's concerns and is, therefore,
not making the proposed change to Sec. 268.5. As has always been the
case in the LDR program, case-by-case extension applicants must make a
separate application for a renewal of their case-by-case extension if
the initial one-year period is not sufficient to develop treatment
capacity.
4. Section 268.7
In section 268.7(c)(2), the sentence, ``* * * test method described
in appendix I of this part or using any methods required by generators
under Sec. 268.32 of this part * * *'' is changed to read, ``* * * test
method described in `Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/
Chemical Methods,' EPA Publication SW-846.'' Specific reference to EPA
Publication SW-846 for the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
gives the regulated community a more direct reference for details of
the test method.
5. Section 268.9
In Sec. 268.9, paragraph (a) has been clarified to better describe
how wastes should be identified for purposes of the LDR program when
they are both listed and characteristic hazardous wastes.
In Sec. 268.9(d)(1)(ii), the language has been edited to clarify
that if all underlying hazardous constituents reasonably expected to be
present in a characteristic waste will be monitored, then the generator
need not list any of them on the LDR notification. If, on the other
hand, a subset of all underlying hazardous constituents will be
monitored, they must be included on the LDR notification.
6. References to Section 268.32
References to Sec. 268.32 and RCRA 3004(d), California List wastes,
are removed, because the treatment standards for the these wastes have
been superseded by subsequent treatment standards. See generally 55 FR
at 22675 (June 1, 1990) noting the general principle that California
list prohibitions no longer apply once a more specific treatment
standard applies, and noting the handful of situations where California
list prohibitions would continue to apply. With the advent of the
requirement to treat for underlying hazardous constituents reasonably
expected to be present in characteristic wastes, there no longer are
any situations where California list prohibitions could create an
exclusive treatment standard. Consequently, there is no need to retain
any reference to California list prohibitions in the regulations.
7. Sections 268.34-268.37
The information about the dates of waste prohibition provided in
Secs. 268.34-268.37 is removed because the treatment standards for the
wastes are all now in effect, eliminating any need to retain the dates.
8. References to Sections 268.41-268.43
References in Part 268 to LDR treatment standards that have
previously been found in tables in Secs. 268.41, 268.42, and 268.43,
are changed to refer to the consolidated table in 268.40.
9. Appendices
Appendix I is removed and reserved because the TCLP test method
reference to SW-846 will be incorporated into the text of the
regulatory language.
Appendix II to Part 268 is also removed and reserved because it
incorrectly refers to treatment standards in Secs. 268.41, 268.42, and
268.43 (they are now in Sec. 268.40); furthermore, there is no longer a
need for a reference to the solvent treatment standards.
Appendix III is removed and reserved because the California List
treatment standards have been superseded by Universal Treatment
Standards plus the requirement to treat underlying hazardous
constituents in characteristic hazardous wastes. Thus, there is no need
for a listing of halogenated organic compounds under the California
List.
Appendix VI is amended to clarify that land disposed characteristic
wastes that also contain underlying hazardous constituents must be
treated not only by a ``deactivating'' technology to remove the
characteristic, but also treated to achieve the Universal Treatment
Standard for underlying hazardous constituents.
Appendix VII has been updated to include all the effective dates of
all surface disposed hazardous wastes for which there are treatment
standards. Likewise, Appendix VIII has been updated.
Appendix X is removed and reserved because it summarized paperwork
requirements that are clarified in tables in today's rule at sections
268.7(a) and (b).
[[Page 26006]]
The Agency is committed to identifying new ways the LDR program can
be simplified, and will continue to seek additional opportunities for
such streamlining efforts in the future.
C. Clarifications of Point of Generation
Summary: EPA is identifying the point of generation of wastes from
boiler cleanout and for certain ignitable wastes treated in tanks. The
significance of this action is to define the point at which a
determination is made as to whether or not the LDR prohibitions attach
to the wastes generated from these activities. In some cases, the
broader question of whether a hazardous waste is even generated also
can be presented. A waste which is not identified or listed as
hazardous at the point LDR prohibitions would attach, the so-called
``point of generation'' is not prohibited from land disposal.
Conversely, if a waste is hazardous (i.e. identified or listed) at that
point, LDR prohibitions typically do attach notwithstanding that the
waste may no longer be ``hazardous'' at the point it is land disposed.
EPA is not finalizing options discussed in the Phase III LDR rule (60
FR 11715, March 2, 1995) which discussed more far-reaching alternatives
for defining the point at which LDR prohibitions can attach, but is
issuing interpretations applicable to several discrete fact situations
involving questions implicating this issue.
1. General Discussion
Since November 1986, EPA has required determinations as to whether
LDR prohibitions attach to be made at the point when hazardous wastes
are generated (51 FR 40620). This issue took on critical import in the
so-called Third Third rule when EPA addressed the issue of treatment
standards for wastes that exhibit a hazardous waste characteristic, and
whether LDR prohibitions could apply to wastes that initially exhibit a
characteristic but no longer do so (i.e. are ``non-hazardous'' in that
they are no longer identified or listed as hazardous) at the point they
are land disposed. By adhering to the principle that LDR prohibitions
attach at the point of waste generation, EPA maintained that these de-
characterized wastes must still be treated to satisfy EPA-established
treatment standards, notwithstanding that the wastes are no longer
identified as hazardous. 55 FR at 22651-52. The D.C. Circuit sustained
this interpretation as permissible in Chemical Waste Management v. EPA,
976 F.2d 2, 13-14 (D.C. Cir. 1992) cert. denied 113 S. Ct. 1961 (1993).
In the Phase III LDR rule, EPA solicited comment on the issue of
possibly redefining the point at which LDR prohibitions attach. EPA
presented three options: (1) when there are similar wastewater streams
generated by similar processes; (2) when there are waste streams from a
single process; and (3) at a point of aggregation called ``battery
limits.'' 60 FR 11715-717.
EPA considered these options because of the potential reach of the
Chemical Waste Management opinion on generally successful wastewater
management operations carried out pursuant to the Clean Water Act (i.e.
treatment of aggregated wastewaters, some of which at one time
exhibited a hazardous waste characteristic, pursuant to the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System regulations for direct
dischargers and pretreatment regulations for indirect dischargers) and
the Safe Drinking Water Act (injection of decharacterized wastewaters
into Class I non-hazardous injection wells under the Underground
Injection Control program). However, on March 26, 1996, President
Clinton signed into law the Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of
1996. This Act provided, among other things, that decharacterized
wastes managed in the types of wastewater management systems described
above are no longer prohibited from land disposal so long as they are
not hazardous wastes at the point they are land disposed. See generally
61 FR 61660 (April 8, 1996). As a result, EPA no longer believes there
is any need to fundamentally reexamine the issue of where LDR
prohibitions attach, and is not acting on these parts of the Phase III
proposal.
However, the Agency has identified specific issues which may be
considered ``point of generation'' issues, and which were not addressed
by the Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of 1996. In today's rule,
EPA is addressing these specific issues. In each case discussed below,
the Agency believes that the existing regulatory language is adequate,
but clarification is necessary to prevent inappropriate
interpretations. In making these interpretations, EPA is in some cases
clarifying not only LDR applicability, but also generally where the
determination as to whether a waste is hazardous must be made.
2. Boiler Cleanout
Power plant boilers are generally taken out of service and cleaned
out once every 3 years (an average of one unit every year per
facility). The cleaning process generally consists of an initial rinse
of an acid cleaning solution and one or two rinses of water, generating
an average of several hundred thousand gallons of acid wash/rinse water
during each cleaning. The initial rinsate stream frequently is
characteristically hazardous, exhibiting the TC for lead and chromium
plus the characteristic of corrosivity.
The rinsate from this process is combined in a tank (or
potentially, several tanks), usually temporary tanks brought on-site
for the cleaning process, and then either discharged to surface
impoundments prior to NPDES discharge (which commingled wastes would
normally be exempt from RCRA Subtitle C by virtue of the Bevill
Amendment) or directly fed to the boilers (a practice typically raising
no issues of LDR applicability since no land disposal is involved). The
issue in question is whether waste is considered generated after each
rinse (acid and water) or at the end of the cleaning of the boiler when
the rinsates have been combined; in other words, whether a
determination is made for each rinse or for combined rinses. If the
latter, then the rinsate would be hazardous waste (and as one
consequence, potentially prohibited from land disposal) only if the
combined rinsates exhibit a characteristic. Note that this is not
strictly an LDR issue but presents the issue of whether a unit is
regulated, in this case the tank that receives the rinsate.
The Agency is today clarifying that, specific to power plant boiler
cleanout (and potentially, to other sporadic cleaning activities
involving multiple rinses), generation is at the completion of the
entire cleanout process. EPA believes that the mass loading of
hazardous constituents from the process to the environment will not be
affected by this determination, since a given amount of cleanout fluid
and water is needed to complete the task in every case. Cf. 60 FR at
11716 noting that in such situations the underlying policy of the
prohibition on dilution is not implicated. The agency views the
cleanout of the boilers as one process and therefore does not consider
the mixing of acid rinse and water rinse as impermissible dilution but
as a single waste rinsate resulting from the single cleanout process.
This waste is subject to regulation if it exhibits a characteristic,
and subject to LDR prohibitions if it exhibits a characteristic and is
going to be land disposed.
Today's clarification of the point of generation for boiler
cleanout is limited to the situation in which the entire quantity of
boiler cleanout rinses are contained in a single container so that
hazardous waste and LDR determinations can be made based upon the
commingling of all the rinses
[[Page 26007]]
together. If, for example, a temporary tank is brought on-site but does
not have sufficient capacity to handle the estimated several hundred
thousand gallons of rinsate at once, the waste will likely have to be
managed in separate loads. In such instances, the generator will still
be required to make hazardous waste and LDR determinations for each
separate load.
In adopting today's interpretation, EPA emphasizes that this type
of cleaning is a batch operation occurring at widely-spaced intervals
and involving temporary storage units (i.e. units that are removed from
the premises after receiving the rinsate). Thus, the interpretation
does not ever apply where a surface impoundment receives rinsate (see,
e.g., Chemical Waste Management v. EPA, 976 F. 2d at 20 n. 4 (placement
of any amount of characteristic waste in a surface impoundment makes
the unit a regulated unit even if diluted to non-characteristic levels
afterwards)). The interpretation also does not apply where there are
permanent storage units involved. EPA also notes the evident point that
if commingled rinses still exhibit a hazardous waste characteristic,
the receiving tank is a regulated unit. Persons owning or operating
such tanks have the same obligations as other generators to determine
whether the waste exhibits a characteristic. See 262.11.
3. Sludge From High TOC (Total Organic Carbon) D001 Treated in Tank
Based Systems
Many generators introduce waste into tank-based wastewater
treatment systems where the resulting effluent is discharged to a POTW
or to navigable waters, and the resulting wastewater treatment sludge
is land disposed. At times, the waste that is placed in the tank-based
system exhibits the ignitable characteristic. If the organic content of
the wastewater is sufficiently high, the liquid waste--when first
released--can meet the definition of nonwastewater found in 40 CFR Part
268.2(d).
The fact situation of concern can involve releases of high TOC
ignitable wastes (which have a designated method of treatment), raising
a question of whether that treatment standard for high TOC waste still
applies to sludge generated from the wastewater treatment, even if the
sludge is not itself high TOC ignitable waste.
It is EPA's view that the sludge in this situation should be viewed
as a new treatability group. Put another way, the change of
treatability group principle applies to situations where liquid wastes
which are technically nonwastewaters are inadvertently placed in
wastewater treatment systems in small quantities, for legitimate
wastewater treatment, thereupon becoming wastewaters (as defined in
268.2(f) of the rules), and subsequently generating a sludge. See 58 FR
29871, May 24, 1993 (``In the Third Third final rule, EPA stated that
for characteristic wastes, each change of treatability group in a
treatment train marked a new point of generation for determining if a
characteristic waste was prohibited from land disposal'').
Consequently, because the sludge generated from the tank-based
wastewater treatment system is a different treatability group from the
wastewater from which it is generated, it would be considered to be a
newly generated waste that should be evaluated at its point of
generation to determine if it is hazardous, and if so, to then
determine the appropriate LDR standard. (Also, please note that
elsewhere in today's notice the Agency clarifies that the LDR de
minimis exemption applies to small, inadvertent, releases of
characteristic waste into wastewater treatment systems. As a practical
matter, the de minimis exemption probably makes the question moot,
because larger releases would not typically occur since they would
likely interfere with wastewater treatment systems operation.)
4. Tank Rinsate
An issue arises when high-TOC ignitable wastes are stored in tanks,
and some residue from these wastes remains in the tanks after the tanks
are emptied and rinsed. The initial high-TOC ignitable waste is
considered a nonwastewater with the treatment standard of CMBST
(combustion) or RORG (recovery of organics). However, it is EPA's view
that the rinsate from an empty tank (see 47 FR 1250, January 11, 1982,
for guidance on empty waste tanks) is a newly generated wastewater and
the high-TOC ignitable waste treatment standards do not attach. The
rinsate must be evaluated at its point of generation, i.e., after the
complete rinsing of the empty tank, and, if it exhibits a
characteristic (or for some reason is listed independently) it is
subject to treatment standards for that characteristic (or listed
waste), rather than to the form of the waste from which it originated.
This determination also applies to tanks that are used to collect
wastewaters that are listed solely because they exhibit a
characteristic (i.e., ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity). EPA
has stated that the existing rule, which provides that the dilution
prohibition does not apply to wastewaters listed solely because they
exhibit a characteristic, remains in effect. See 61 FR 15662.
D. POLYM Method of Treatment for High-TOC (Total Organic Carbon)
Ignitable D001 Wastes
Summary: Today's rule establishes an alternative treatment standard
of POLYM (polymerization) for high-TOC D001 wastes originally intended
as chemical components in the commercial manufacture of plastics. In
the polymerization treatment process (POLYM), the wastes are reacted to
produce a chemically stable plastic in the same manner that commercial
plastics are formed.
Discussion: The National Marine Manufacturer's Association
contacted EPA with concerns that the May 1993 Interim Final Rule
prohibited the practice of polymerizing excess polyester/styrene waste
left over from the manufacture of modular shower stalls and
recreational boats, among other things. EPA proposed to add
polymerization (POLYM) to the set of required methods of treatment
designated as BDAT for high-TOC ignitable (D001) wastes resulting from
commercial polymerization processes. (60 FR 43679, August 22, 1995.) In
these manufacturing processes, polyester/styrene reacts with methyl
ethyl ketone (MEK) peroxide in a mold to form fiberglass. The ignitable
waste polyester/styrene and MEK peroxide are the wastes of concern.
Small quantities of polyester/styrene monomers and MEK peroxide
wastes can be reacted together to create fiberglass scraps. The scraps
are inert and do not exhibit the hazardous waste characteristics of
toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity. It is this practice
that is referred to as polymerization for the purposes of this rule.
The waste polyester/styrene monomers and MEK peroxide are currently
regulated as high-TOC ignitable wastes (40 CFR 268.9) for which the
current standard is treatment by CMBST (combustion) or by RORGS
(recovery of organics) before land disposal. Neither CMBST nor RORGS
allows for polymerization (as an exclusive treatment method) of high-
TOC ignitable wastes. The Agency believes that the practice of
polymerizing high-TOC ignitable waste polymers and monomers which are
chemical components in the manufacture of plastics to a
noncharacteristic inert mass adequately minimizes threats posed by
disposal of the waste.
Today EPA is establishing POLYM as an alternative to CMBST or RORGS
only for those high-TOC D001 wastes
[[Page 26008]]
originally intended as chemical components in the commercial
manufacture of plastics. POLYM requires the addition of the same
polymerizing component or catalyst to the deactivated high-TOC D001
monomer stream intended for land disposal. POLYM is defined as
``formation of complex high-molecular weight solids through
polymerization of monomers with high-TOC D001 nonwastewaters which are
chemical components in the manufacture of plastics.''
EPA acknowledges that POLYM is not as effective at destroying all
of the hazardous constituents of the materials as CMBST, the specified
treatment standard for high-TOC D001 nonwastewaters. However, as
defined, POLYM is the same process that is used in the actual
manufacturing of plastic products such as water pipe and watercraft. To
allow materials and a process to be used to construct water pipe and
boat hulls, but prohibit the same process to be used to treat excess
materials from those same processes does not make sense. In addition,
the treatment of these chemical components using POLYM does convert an
ignitable waste into a non-ignitable solid prior to disposal. Treatment
occurs as the organic materials react to form a hard, inert material.
Data submitted by the Composites Institute (see CI Memo 20 DEC 96) show
that of the Appendix VIII constituents that are present in scrap
uncured polyester resins, greater than 50% of the constituents are
chemically converted by the polymerization process to form a part of
the solid polymer. The remaining constituents are physically bound in
the solid polymer matrix. The Agency believes that the low quantities
of Appendix VIII constituents are sufficiently bound in the polymer
matrix so as to minimize the threats posed by disposal of the
noncharacteristic inert mass of scrap material. Below is a table
showing the Appendix VIII constituents typically found in scrap uncured
polyester resins:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum
% in
Appendix VIII constituents uncured
resin
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methyl methacrylate............................................ 10.0
Antimony trioxide.............................................. 3.0
Dibutyl phthalate.............................................. 1.8
Butyl benzyl phthalate......................................... 1.05
Dimethyl phthalate............................................. 1.05
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide................................... 1.05
Dioctyl phthalate.............................................. 0.75
Methyl ethyl ketone............................................ 0.09
P-benzoquinone................................................. 0.05
Maleic anhydride............................................... (\1\)
phthalic acid esters NOS....................................... (\1\)
phthalic anhydride............................................. (\1\)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Trace.
Of the constituents listed in the table above, methyl methacrylate (a
monomer) and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (a catalyst), are chemically
converted by the polymerization process and form part of the solid
polymer.
EPA has decided to promulgate POLYM as a treatment standard rather
than dealing with this issue on an individual basis via Determination
of Equivalent Treatment (DET) petitions. As defined, equivalency need
not remove every single molecule of constituents as the comparison
technology to be considered equivalent. A similar issue involving high-
TOC ignitable waste was addressed in a Determination of Equivalent
Treatment (see DET IBM Essex Junction, VT). In that determination, the
high-TOC waste was being treated to a slightly lower level than
combustion. EPA did so, in part, because the treatment process was
achieving very substantial destruction of hazardous constituents, and
otherwise assuring that the special concerns regarding treatment of
high-TOC ignitable wastes, such as interference with wastewater
treatment systems, were not present. Similarly, in this instance, POLYM
will destroy most of the hazardous constituents present and
substantially immobilize those that remain. In addition, there is no
possibility that this treatment method will interfere with wastewater
treatment. Finally, EPA notes that the POLYM process appears to be as
efficient as the other type of allowable treatment method for high-TOC
ignitable wastes, namely RORGS (recovery of organics). Thus, EPA
believes that the POLYM process evaluated here, along with CMBST and
REORG, satisfies the section 3004(m) requirement that threats be
minimized by treatment, and also could satisfy the equivalency standard
in 268.42(b).
A number of commenters have solicited EPA to expand the definition
of POLYM to include other types of polymerization processes. EPA
appreciates the suggestions of the commenters. However, the Agency does
not currently have enough data to evaluate the effects of expanding the
definition. The Agency will consider the idea of expanding the
definition of POLYM and solicits any data that commenters may have
regarding additional methods of polymerization. Further, under
268.42(b), persons may petition the Agency for a determination of
equivalent treatment for their specific polymerization process, if it
is not included in today's rule.
Finally, in response to inquiries, EPA notes that POLYM treatment
(or for that matter, most types of treatment) can occur at the site of
generation without having to obtain a RCRA permit, provided treatment
occurs in tanks, containers or containment buildings and these units
comply with the substantive standards set out in 40 CFR 262.34
(standards for so-called 90-day generator tanks, containers, and
containment buildings). See 51 FR at 10168 (March 24, 1986). EPA notes
further that these standards for 90-day units may include compliance
with the RCRA air emission standards set out in subparts AA, BB, and CC
of part 265 (assuming the waste satisfies the applicability criteria
set out in these rules). See generally, 61 FR at 59934-35 (Nov. 25,
1996) and 59 FR 62896 (Dec. 6, 1994). In addition, POLYM treatment
occurring in units requiring a permit could be subject to the
corresponding standards for air emissions found in Part 264 subparts
AA, BB and CC.
E. Decision To Retain Current Treatment Standard for Multi-Source
Leachate (Waste Code F039)
In the Phase IV proposed rule, EPA suggested that with the
promulgation of the Universal Treatment Standards (UTS), there was no
longer a need for the separate list of constituents for multisource
leachate (F039) in the Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes table
at 40 CFR 268.40. EPA proposed that F039 would be treated to meet all
the UTS for the constituents at Sec. 268.48, with the exceptions of
fluoride, vanadium, and zinc, which are not underlying hazardous
constituents.
Several commenters, however, pointed out that such an action would
be more than a simplification of existing treatment standards. Rather,
it would add several constituents to those for which EPA has set
treatment standards in F039, without notice and an opportunity for
comment. The Agency has reexamined the F039 list of constituents and
agrees with commenters that changing F039 to cross reference the UTS
constituents at Sec. 268.48 would add regulated constituents to F039.
This was not the intent of the proposed change. Therefore, the Agency
is not promulgating any change to F039 in this final rule. The
treatment standard levels for the hazardous constituents in F039 are
identical to the UTS for those constituents, so retaining the current
[[Page 26009]]
treatment standard constituent list for F039 does not decrease
environmental protection in comparison with changing the standard.
V. Status of Proposed Provisions on Leaks, Sludges, and Air Emissions
From RCRA-Equivalent Treatment of Decharacterized Wastewaters in Clean
Water Act Surface Impoundments
In the August 22, 1995 Phase IV proposal, EPA discussed three
options for ensuring that underlying hazardous constituents in
decharacterized wastes were not released to the environment via leaks,
sludges, and air emissions from surface impoundments in systems
regulated by the Clean Water Act or Safe Drinking Water Act (60 FR
43655). (Decharacterized wastes are wastes which initially exhibited a
hazardous characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or
toxicity when generated but are no longer characteristic). On March 16,
1996, the President signed the Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of
1996, which provides that the wastes in question are no longer
prohibited from land disposal once rendered nonhazardous. As a result,
on April 8, 1996, EPA withdrew its treatment standards for these wastes
(61 FR 15660). Today EPA announces that it will not finalize, at this
time, the provisions for leaks, sludges, and air emissions that EPA
proposed on August 22, 1995 (60 FR 43655-43677). Furthermore, the
treatment standards for TC metal wastes discussed in the proposal
accompanying today's rule do not apply to TC metal wastes if the
characteristic is removed and the wastes are subsequently treated in a
unit whose discharge is regulated by the Clean Water Act or, for
underground injection wells, the Safe Drinking Water Act.
However, the Land Disposal Flexibility Act does mandate EPA to
undertake a study to determine any potential risks posed by cross-media
transfer of hazardous constituents from these surface impoundments. The
findings of this study, begun by the Agency in April, 1996, may result
in proposed regulations for these units, if risks are in fact found
that would warrant such regulation.
VI. Decision Not To Ban Nonamenable Wastes From Biological
Treatment
EPA is not prohibiting certain decharacterized wastes from land-
based wastewater treatment systems on the basis of whether the
constituents in those wastes are ``amenable'' to biological treatment.
As is discussed in the April 8, 1996 partial withdrawal notice to the
LDR Phase III final rule (61 FR 15660), the Land Disposal Program
Flexibility Act of 1996, signed by the President on March 26, 1996,
provides that the wastes in question are no longer prohibited from land
disposal once rendered nonhazardous. Because they are decharacterized
before they enter the impoundment, these wastes are no longer
prohibited wastes under RCRA.
VII. Capacity Determinations for Wood Preserving Wastes
A. Introduction
This section summarizes the results of the capacity analysis for
the wastes covered by this rule. For background information on data
sources, methodology, and details of the capacity analysis for each
group of wastes covered in this rule, see ``Background Document for
Capacity Analysis for Land Disposal Restrictions, Phase IV--Wood
Preserving Wastes (Final Rule).''
In general, EPA's capacity analysis focuses on the amount of waste
to be restricted from land disposal that is currently managed in land-
based units and that will require alternative treatment as a result of
the LDRs. The quantity of wastes that are not managed in land-based
units (e.g., wastewater managed only in RCRA exempt tanks, with direct
discharge to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)) is not included
in the quantities requiring alternative treatment as a result of the
LDRs. Also, wastes that do not require alternative treatment (e.g.,
those that are currently treated using an appropriate treatment
technology) are not included in these quantity estimates.
EPA's decisions on whether to grant a national capacity variance
are based on the availability of alternative treatment or recovery
technologies. Consequently, the methodology focuses on deriving
estimates of the quantities of waste that will require either
commercial treatment or the construction of new on-site treatment as a
result of the LDRs. EPA attempts to subtract from the required capacity
estimates the quantities of waste that will be treated adequately
either on site in existing systems or off site by facilities owned by
the same company as the generator (i.e., captive facilities).
B. Available Capacity
Available capacity was estimated for the three treatment technology
categories: combustion, stabilization, and wastewater treatment that
are expected to be used for the wastes in today's rule. (Numerous other
types of treatment also can meet the treatment standards for much of
these wastes, although the Agency did not find it necessary to estimate
the available capacity of these treatments. See the Background Document
for further information.)
1. Thermal Treatment
EPA estimates that there are less than 50,000 tons per year of soil
combustion capacity, approximately 144,000 tons per year of commercial
sludge/solid combustion capacity, and 886,000 tons per year of
commercial liquid combustion capacity available for Phase IV Wood
Preserving Wastes. This accounts for treatment facilities without
updated permits for the newly listed wastes or that likely will not
wish to accept the wastes for other reasons (e.g. dioxin/furan
monitoring requirements, low BTU, or other undesirable waste
characteristics).
2. Stabilization
EPA estimates that there are approximately 1.1 million tons of
available stabilization capacity, with most of it able to meet the
treatment requirements for the newly listed wood preserving wastes.
3. Wastewater Treatment
EPA estimates that there are approximately 37 to 47 million tons
per year of available wastewater treatment capacity. The various
treatment technologies that form the basis of this capacity are
routinely able to meet the treatment standards of the wood preserving
wastewaters.
C. Required Capacity and Comparison With Available Capacity
EPA estimates that very small quantities of wood preserving
wastewater (approximately 440 tons of organic wastewater and 13,000
tons of inorganic wastewater) will require alternative treatment
capacity in order to comply with the LDRs. EPA estimates that less than
10,000 tons of nonwastewaters (8,700 tons of organic nonwastewaters and
1,300 tons of inorganic nonwastewaters) will require alternative
treatment as a result of the LDRs.
EPA believes that combustion, combustion followed by stabilization,
or stabilization will meet the treatment standards for nonwastewaters
of wood preserving wastes. For wastes with arsenic, although the basis
of the treatment for arsenic is vitrification, EPA believes that the
standard can also be met by stabilization. Also, in general, chemical
precipitation will meet the treatment standards for the inorganic
wastewater. EPA identified specific wastewater treatment technologies
that support UTS for these wastes and concluded that the wastewater
[[Page 26010]]
treatment practices at the wood preserving facilities can be optimized
to meet the proposed limits. (Please see BDAT Background Document for
details.) There is sufficient liquid and sludge/solid combustion
capacity for both the organic wood preserving wastewaters and
nonwastewaters. In addition, EPA believes that there is sufficient
chemical precipitation capacity for the inorganic wastewater. Finally,
ample stabilization capacity exists for the inorganic nonwastewaters.
Therefore, EPA is not granting a variance for the newly listed wood
preserving wastes.
Some commenters provided data on soil and debris contaminated with
wood preserving wastes. The regulated communities are quite concerned
about the availability of treatment capacity using established
technologies as well as the potential for innovative technologies to
provide additional treatment capacity. EPA has examined the available
data and information submitted by commenters and from other sources
such as Superfund Record of Decisions. The Agency estimated that
combustion capacity available to treat soils and debris contaminated
with newly listed wood preserving wastes is less than 50,000 tons per
year. In contrast, EPA estimates that well over 100,000 tons per year
of soil and debris may require additional combustion capacity.
Furthermore, logistics issues may severely hamper the ability of site
managers to obtain adequate alternative treatment in the near term.
Therefore, given the lack of available capacity and other issues
associated with soil and debris contaminated with F032, F034, and F035
wood preserving wastes, EPA is granting a two-year extension of the
effective date for these wastes.
D. Mixed Radioactive Wastes
Despite the uncertainty about quantities of mixed radioactive
wastes that will require treatment as a result of today's rule, any new
commercial capacity that becomes available will be needed for mixed
radioactive wastes that were regulated in previous LDR rulemakings and
whose capacity extensions have already expired. Thus, EPA has
determined that sufficient alternative treatment capacity is not
available, and is granting a two-year national capacity extension of
the effective date for radioactive wastes mixed with RCRA wastes for
which standards are being promulgated today, including soil and debris.
E. Phase IV Wood Preserving Wastes Injected Into Underground Injection
Control (UIC) Class I Wells Injected Into Class I Wells
EPA estimated the volume of waste regulated in today's rule that is
currently injected into UIC wells. This volume is a conservative
estimate based on highly complex non-segregable waste stream mixtures,
and it may be that the actual volume injected is less. A very small
volume of newly listed wood preserving wastes (F032, F034 and F035) may
be injected into Class I Wells. These wastes are either injected at
wells located at the site of generation, or are sent off-site for
injection in commercial Class I wells.
These wells have existing no-migration determinations. However,
even if an injection well has received a no-migration petition, it can
inject a newly prohibited waste only if the waste is similar to wastes
included in the initial no-migration petition. The new wastes must
behave hydraulically and chemically in a similar manner to those
already included in the initial petition demonstration such that they
will not interfere with the containment capability of the injection
zone and the location of the waste plume will not significantly differ
from the initial demonstration. (See 40 CFR 148.20 (f) , and UIC
Guidance No. 74.) Based on these principles, EPA has investigated
whether the no-migration determination for the wells injecting these
wood preserving wastes allow continued injection. If injection is not
presently allowed due to the need to amend a petition, the well would
not be providing any capacity, because none of these facilities operate
treatment processes capable of achieving the treatment standard for
these wastes.
EPA has determined that at least six commercial injection well
facilities with no-migration petitions would be allowed to inject wood
preserving wastewaters without needing to amend their petitions. The
rationale for this determination is located in the RCRA docket. EPA has
further determined that these wells have unused injection capacity
exceeding the amount of wood preserving waste generated annually (EPA
Regional communications in the RCRA docket). Thus, even if all wood
preserving wastewaters presently injected would have to find new
capacity, sufficient capacity exists. In addition, there is commercial
wastewater treatment capacity that could accommodate some of this
volume.
Based on this information, the Agency has reassessed its position
since the proposed rule and decided not to grant a two-year national
capacity extension of the effective date for wood preserving waste
being injected at Class I facilities. As discussed above, there appears
to be sufficient protective disposal capacity (i.e. approved no-
migration disposal capacity) which can accommodate all of the
currently-injected wood preserving wastewaters, even if all this
wastewater will be diverted from injection wells currently used.
EPA notes further that commenters did not claim that there was
insufficient capacity to manage these wastes. However, it should be
noted that RCRA section 3004(h)(3) provides individual facilities
opportunity to demonstrate that inadequate protective treatment or
disposal capacity is available. Substantive standards are set out in 40
CFR Sec. 268.5 and in UIC Guidance No. 69.
F. Summary of Variance Determinations
Table 1 lists each category of RCRA wastes for which EPA is today
setting LDR standards. For each category, this table indicates whether
EPA is granting a national capacity extension of the effective date for
land-disposed wastes or injected wastes managed by UIC Class I
injection wells.
Table 1.--National Capacity Extensions of the Effective Date for Newly
Listed and Identified Wastes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deep well-
Waste description Surface-disposed wastes injected
wastes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newly Listed Wood Preserving No........................ No.
Wastes (F032, F034, F035).
Soil and Debris Contaminated Two-year.................. N/A
with Newly Listed Wood
Preserving Wastes.
Mixed Wood Preserving and Two-year.................. Two-year
Radioactive Wastes,
Including Soil and Debris.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 26011]]
VIII. Changes to Definition of Solid Waste to Exclude Processed Scrap
Metal and Shredded Circuit Boards From RCRA Jurisdiction
Summary: As proposed on January 25, 1995 (FR 61 2338), EPA is today
amending the definition of solid waste to exclude from RCRA
jurisdiction two types of materials: processed scrap metal and
containerized shredded circuit boards.
A. Processed Scrap Metal
1. Summary of Proposal
The Agency proposed the exclusion of processed scrap metal and
shredded circuit boards being recycled from the Definition of Solid
Waste in the January 25, 1996 proposed Phase IV LDR supplemental
rulemaking. Currently, scrap metal being reclaimed is a solid waste,
but completely exempt from RCRA Subtitle C regulations. The proposal
would have amended the definition of solid waste to exclude processed
scrap metal and containerized shredded circuit boards that are being
recycled from RCRA jurisdiction. In the proposal, the Agency did not
propose to make changes to the current definition of scrap metal:
``bits and pieces of metal parts (e.g., bars, turnings, rods, sheets,
wire) or metal pieces that are combined together with bolts and
soldering (e.g., radiators, scrap automobiles, railroad box cars),
which when worn or superfluous can be recycled.''
The proposal defined processed scrap metal as ``scrap metal which
has been manually or mechanically altered to either separate it into
distinct materials to enhance economic value or to improve the handling
of materials. Processed scrap metal includes but is not limited to
scrap metal which has been bailed, shredded, sheared, melted,
agglomerated (for fines, drosses and related materials which are not
scrap metal prior to agglomeration) or separated by metal type.'' The
Agency believes that processed scrap metal being recycled is distinct
from other secondary materials defined as wastes when recycled due to
established markets for the material's utilization, inherent positive
economic value of the material, the physical form of the material, and
absence of damage incidents attributable to the material, and is
therefore sufficiently product-like that maintaining RCRA regulatory
jurisdiction over this material is not necessary. A summary of the
proposed exclusion from the definition of solid waste for shredded
circuit boards being recycled follows the discussion of the exclusion
from the definition of solid waste for processed scrap metal being
recycled.
2. Modifications to the Proposal
The Agency received approximately twenty-five comments concerning
the proposed scrap metal and shredded circuit board exclusions. The
comments were generally supportive of the exclusions. A background
document, the major comments received, and Agency responses on the
proposed processed scrap metal exclusion can be found in the docket for
this rulemaking. Comments on the shredded circuit board exclusion can
also be found in this background document.
In response to comment on the proposed exclusion to the definition
of solid waste for processed scrap metal being recycled, the Agency has
made several modifications to the exclusion in the final rule. First,
the Agency has expanded the exclusion to cover unprocessed home and
unprocessed prompt scrap metal being recycled. Home scrap is scrap
metal generated by steel mills, foundries, and refineries such as
turnings, cuttings, punchings, and borings. Prompt scrap, also known as
industrial or new scrap metal, is generated by the metal working/
fabrication industries and includes such scrap metal as turnings,
cuttings, punchings, and borings. These categories of scrap metal do
not fit the definition of processed scrap metal found in the proposal
because they often do not require a processing step before being sent
for recycling. The Agency evaluated unprocessed home scrap and prompt
scrap metal and found that these categories of scrap metal are
substantially similar to processed scrap metal due to established
markets for the material's utilization, inherent positive economic
value of the material, the physical form of the material, and absence
of damage incidents attributable to the material. Based on this
analysis, the Agency has expanded scope of the exclusion to include
both unprocessed home and unprocessed prompt scrap metal. In the final
rule, the term ``excluded scrap metal'' will be used to reflect this
decision. Commenters also suggested the Agency evaluate obsolete scrap
metal (scrap which is composed of worn out metal or a metal product
that has outlived it original use, such as automobile hulks, railroad
cars, aluminum beverage cans, steel beams from torn down buildings, and
household appliances) using the same factors. The Agency has not found
sufficient data to fully evaluate unprocessed obsolete scrap metal.
Therefore, in today's final rule the Agency is not expanding the scope
of the exclusion from the definition of solid waste to include obsolete
scrap metal. Providing an exclusion from the definition of solid waste
for obsolete scrap metal at this time would be premature and is better
addressed in the Definition of Solid Waste rulemaking, due to be
proposed in the near future.
Second, the Agency clarifies that the exclusion for processed scrap
metal being recycled applies to scrap metal that has undergone a
processing step (as defined in the preamble to the proposed rule)
regardless of who does the processing. In other words, a processing
step may be performed by the generator, an intermediate scrap handler
(e.g. broker, scrap processor), or a scrap recycler. Once the scrap
metal has undergone a processing step, it may qualify for today's
exclusion.
Third, the Agency has added chopping, crushing, flattening, cutting
and sorting, processes typically used in the processing of scrap metal
for recycling, to the definition of processed scrap metal in today's
final rule. In today's final rule, the definition of processing reads:
``manually or physically altered to either separate it into distinct
materials to enhance economic value or to improve the handling of
materials. Additionally, to avoid confusion, the definition of
processed scrap metal has been reworded to clarify the status of
agglomerated fines, drosses and other related materials. Therefore, in
today's final rule, the category of processed scrap metal now includes
but is not limited to scrap metal which has been baled, shredded,
sheared, chopped, crushed, flattened, cut, melted, or separated by
metal type (i.e., sorted), and, fines, drosses and related materials
which have been agglomerated.'' Note that circuit boards that are
shredded and being sent for recycling are covered under the exclusion
from the definition of solid waste for shredded circuit boards being
recycled (261.4(a)(13)) see discussion following) and are not covered
under the definition of excluded scrap metal.
B. Shredded Circuit Boards
1. The Proposal
In the proposed rule, EPA proposed to exclude shredded circuit
boards being reclaimed from the definition of solid waste in order to
facilitate their recovery. 61 F.R. 2339, 2361. The proposed exclusion
was conditioned on the storage of the shredded circuit boards in
containers prior to recovery that would be adequate to prevent a
release of the boards to the environment. This condition was
[[Page 26012]]
specified as a performance standard rather than a design standard to
allow the handler maximum flexibility in selecting the method of
containment. Today, EPA is finalizing this exclusion as proposed with
an additional limitation that shredded circuit boards excluded from
RCRA jurisdiction be free of mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-
cadmium batteries and lithium batteries.
2. Exclusion for Shredded Circuit Boards Conditioned on Containerized
Storage Prior to Recovery
EPA explained in the proposal that shredded circuit boards merit
exclusion from RCRA regulation in order to facilitate their recovery
when they are properly stored in containers to prevent their release to
the environment. As presented in the proposal, the necessity for the
proposed exclusion for shredded circuit boards is that the process of
shredding the circuit boards causes the boards to lose the scrap metal
exemption (see 40 CFR Sec. 261.6(a)(3)(ii)) that currently applies to
used whole circuit boards. This scrap metal exemption allows used whole
circuit boards being recycled to be shipped in commerce without being
subject to RCRA regulation including generator manifesting and export
requirements. The process of shredding the boards produces small fines
from the whole board which are dispersible and do not meet the RCRA
regulatory definition of scrap metal. The application of RCRA
regulatory provisions to shredded boards may present serious
disincentives to their recovery. As explained in the proposal,
generator manifesting and export requirements may result in significant
delays in shipments of shredded boards to recovery operations such as
smelters. Many intermediate precious metal reclaimers, e.g. shredders,
operate on a short cash flow and depend on prompt payment for shipments
of shredded circuit boards in order to pay the generators of the used
circuit boards for supplying them to the intermediate reclaimers.
For the following reasons, EPA believes that shredded circuit
boards destined for reclamation when properly containerized and free of
mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium
batteries are an appropriate secondary material to be excluded from
RCRA regulation. As discussed in the proposal, shredding is beneficial
to the recovery process. Shredding improves the recovery of the boards
by improving handling of shredded boards through increasing the bulk
density of the boards in the container during shipment. Shredding also
improves the assaying of the shipment for base metal and precious metal
content by homogenizing the load thus assuring a representative sample
is taken for the assay. Shredding also destroys proprietary information
from generators or manufacturers of the boards thus better assuring
confidentiality to the generator or manufacturer when making a decision
to recycle. Some generators may be concerned about proprietary
information contained in used whole circuit boards being transferred to
competitors once the boards are out of the generator's control.
Second, shredded boards have qualities which are similar to primary
materials such as virgin mineral concentrates that are processed and
refined for base metal and precious metal values. These qualities
satisfy the criteria EPA considers when evaluating whether a partially-
reclaimed solid waste is commodity-like and is not part of the waste
management problem and thus is appropriate to exclude from RCRA
subtitle C jurisdiction through issuance of a variance. EPA believes
that these criteria are relevant in determining whether a general
exclusion is justified. See 40 CFR 261.30(c)& 261.31(c). These criteria
are: (1) The degree of processing the material has undergone and the
degree of further processing that is required, (2) the value of the
material after it has been reclaimed, (3) the degree to which the
reclaimed material is like an analogous raw material, (4) the extent to
which an end market for the reclaimed material is guaranteed, (5) the
extent to which a material is managed to minimize loss and (6) other
relevant factors (such as the presence of cyanide or other foreign
materials).
Regarding the first criterion, shredded circuit boards have been
processed through shredders, hammer mills and similar devices to
decrease their size. Value is added to the boards, as indicated above,
because the boards are easier to handle, assay and ship without
concerns of generator confidentiality that might exist if the boards
were shipped to the smelters as whole boards. Further processing for
the shredded boards includes both smelting and refining to extract base
metals such as copper and precious metals such as gold, silver and
platinum group metals. And while a substantial amount of further
processing remains, EPA believes that shredded circuit boards can be
thought of as secondary feedstocks similar to primary ore concentrates
that have undergone beneficiation and are destined for primary mineral
processing and refining.
Regarding the second criterion of the value of the material after
it has been reclaimed, shredded circuit boards generally have positive
economic value (i.e., the smelter pays the shredder for the assayed
base and precious metal value of the shipment). The typical price range
for shredded circuit boards is between a negative $0.25 per lb. and $5
per lb. One recycling company reported an annual average price of
shredded circuit boards of $1.50 per pound which is greater than the
current market price for refined copper metal.
Regarding the third criterion of how the partially reclaimed
material compares to the analogous raw material, recyclers have
indicated that shredded circuit boards typically have assays of that
average 10 percent copper, between one-half and one-third that of
primary copper concentrates. Shredded circuit board copper assays
reported in literature evaluated in completion of this rule ranged
between 11 percent and 18 percent copper. Shredded circuit boards also
frequently contain precious metal values such as gold, silver or
platinum that enhance the economic value of the material. Moreover, the
reported recycling efficiency for copper, gold, silver and platinum
exceeds 90 percent for this type of material.
Although toxic metal content for primary copper concentrates is
variable depending on the ore body it comes from, reported assays for
circuit boards are comparable in lead and lower in arsenic content than
reported primary copper concentrate assays. Although shredded circuit
boards are comparatively dispersible in comparison to primary copper
concentrates, the conditional requirement for the exclusion stipulates
that the shredded circuit boards must be stored in containers
sufficient to prevent a release to the environment prior to recovery
reduces any greater likelihood of release from shredded boards in
comparison to primary copper concentrates.
The fourth criterion EPA uses to evaluate partially-reclaimed
secondary materials is the extent to which an end market is guaranteed
for the material. Continuous demand from primary smelters for base
metals and precious metals from shredded circuit boards should result
from the positive economic value of the boards, the relative ease of
handling and assaying of the boards and the diminishing quantities of
primary copper ore concentrates. According to the Bureau of Mines
Mineral Commodity Summaries 1994, reported and apparent
[[Page 26013]]
consumption for copper, silver and platinum group metals has either
remained constant or increased between 1989 and 1993. Reported
consumption of gold decreased slightly between 1989 and 1993 from 115
metric tons and 100 metric tons. Secondary gold production decreased
slightly over the same period from 158 metric tons to 130 metric tons.
The price of gold declined over the same period from $382 per troy
ounce to $355 per troy ounce. By 1996, the price of gold has increased
to over $380 per troy ounce.
The fifth criterion EPA uses to evaluate partially-reclaimed
materials is the extent to which the material is managed to minimize
loss. The proposed exclusion is conditioned on the proper storage of
shredded circuit boards in containers prior to recovery. As mentioned
in the proposal, the shredded boards are usually stored in super sacks
(sacks that are reinforced woven resin and designed to accommodate bulk
shipments), gaylord containers (also known as tri-wall boxes composed
of three layers of cardboard with two layers of corrugation) and 55
gallon drums. Open bulk shipments of board by rail, truck or barge are
not within the scope of this exclusion. In addition to the storage
requirement, the economic value of the boards also provides an
incentive for handlers to prevent releases to the environment. At an
average market value of $1.50 per pound for one recycler, the incentive
to prevent releases is substantial. The Agency notes that
containerization in and of itself was not the only reason the Agency
concluded that shredded circuit boards should be excluded from the
definition of solid waste. The other five factors supported this
determination as well.
Finally, EPA considers other relevant factors when evaluating the
exclusion of partially-reclaimed materials from RCRA jurisdiction
through the variance. In the context of shredded circuit boards, other
relevant factors include: (1) The presence of both materials possibly
attached to printed circuit boards that are ordinarily outside of the
definition of scrap metal such as mercury switches, mercury relays,
nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries, and (2) the frequency
of foreign materials mixed with but not part of the circuit board
itself. EPA's concern about these materials is discussed below.
3. Limitation on Mercury Switches, Mercury Relays, Nickel-Cadmium
Batteries and Lithium Batteries
Printed circuit boards may contain or be incorporated into
electronic products which contain mercury switches, mercury relays,
nickel-cadmium batteries, and lithium batteries. EPA is concerned about
the potential environmental impact of these materials that are
associated with printed circuit board production and management after
the boards are spent. Ordinarily, commercial printed circuit board
recyclers, both intermediate processors (e.g. shredders) and smelters,
do not want mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries
and lithium batteries in shipments of shredded boards sent from the
intermediate processor to the smelter. However, because these items may
be very small, they may, on occasion, escape visual inspection and
become shredded along with printed circuit boards. When this happens,
EPA is concerned about the potential release of mercury or cadmium to
the environment. For this reason, EPA is limiting the scope of the
exclusion for shredded boards to shipments that are free of mercury
switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries or lithium
batteries. Free of these materials means that mercury switches, mercury
relays, nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries are not or have
not been part of the batch of circuit boards shredded to add value. In
addition, EPA reiterates that in enforcement actions that it is the
respondent in the action who bears the burden of proof in documenting
that a material for which an exclusion is claimed from the definition
of solid waste meets the appropriate regulatory definition or
exclusion. 40 CFR 261.2(f). Shredded circuit boards that are not free
of mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-cadmium batteries, and
lithium batteries when reclaimed are solid wastes. This is so because
these used shredded circuit boards are spent materials. Spent materials
being reclaimed are solid wastes that, when they exhibit a
characteristic or are listed, are also hazardous wastes. 40 CFR
261.1(b)(1), 261.2(c)(3). As stated in the proposal, EPA established in
1992 that whole used circuit boards could be considered scrap metal.
The whole used circuit boards are therefore exempt from RCRA
regulation. See 40 CFR 261.6(a)(3)(ii) stating scrap metal being
recycled is exempt from RCRA regulation. (Please note that whole used
circuit boards which contain mercury switches, mercury relays, nickel-
cadmium batteries, or lithium batteries also do not meet the definition
of scrap metal because mercury (being a liquid metal) and batteries are
not within the scope of the definition of scrap metal. See 50 F.R. 614,
624 (January 4, 1985).) As stated in the proposal shredded circuit
boards do not meet the definition of scrap metal because the shredded
material contains fines which are too small to qualify as scrap metal.
Shredded circuit boards that are not free of mercury switches, mercury
relays, nickel-cadmium batteries, and lithium batteries would be
subject to applicable parts of RCRA regulation, 40 CFR Parts 260
through 266, Part 268, Part 270, Part 273 and Part 124. Shredded
circuit boards with economically recoverable quantities of precious
metals are still eligible for conditional exemption from regulation
under 40 CFR Part 266 Subpart F. This provision allows recyclable
materials containing an economically recoverable amount of precious
metals to be exempt from many RCRA regulatory provisions. However,
these materials are still subject to manifesting, export and
speculative accumulation requirements. 40 CFR 266.70.
4. Clarification of Regulatory Status of Secondary Materials Associated
With the Generation or Management of Circuit Boards
Several commenters requested clarification in today's rule about
the current regulatory status of secondary materials associated with
the generation or management of printed circuit boards. These materials
include: spent solder baths (pot dumps), sweeps, baghouse dust, and
solder dross. These commenters also requested exclusion of these
materials from RCRA jurisdiction in today's rule.
Spent solder baths, also known as pot dumps, are solidified pieces
of tin-lead solder baths used in the production of printed circuit
boards. Prior to 1993, EPA had classified spent solder baths as spent
materials, which, absent the scrap metal designation, would be fully
regulated under RCRA hazardous waste regulation. In 1993, EPA issued a
letter to the Lead Industries Association stating that spent solder
baths meet the definition of scrap metal and are therefore exempt from
RCRA regulation under the regulatory exemption for scrap metal being
recycled. This interpretation continues to be the Agency view.
Sweeps refer alternatively to a powdered material that is a residue
of thermal recovery of precious metal-bearing secondary material (often
ash that is crushed into particulate form in a ball mill or similar
device) or particulate material that is collected from firms handling
precious metals such as jewelers and metal finishers. Sweeps have been
previously classified
[[Page 26014]]
by EPA as a by-product. 2 As such, when sent for
reclamation, sweeps are not solid waste and are excluded from RCRA
jurisdiction regulation when considered hazardous solely by exhibiting
a characteristic. Characteristic by-products are not solid wastes when
reclaimed. 40 CFR 261.2(c)(3). In contrast, when sweeps are derived
from source material that meets the description of a listed hazardous
waste, the sweeps are solid wastes that are also hazardous wastes and
are regulated under the appropriate RCRA regulation provisions. 40 CFR
261.2(c)(3). For example, often combustible material such as a rag,
filter or paper is used to clean up a secondary material such as a
spent solvent that may: (1) contain precious metals and (2) meets one
of the F001 through F005 listing descriptions for solvents. The rag,
filter or paper will be burned to an ash that it homogenized in order
to assay its precious metal content. The ash when crushed is turned
into a sweep. The sweep carries the F-listed hazardous waste code that
was associated with the original source material (i.e., solvent).
Listed by-products, in contrast to characteristic by-products, are
solid and hazardous wastes when reclaimed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ August 26, 1992 memorandum from Sylvia K. Lowrance,
Director, U.S.E.P.A., Office of Solid Waste to Waste Management
Division Directors U.S.E.P.A., Regions I-X on the Regulatory Status
of Printed Circuit Boards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA has classified baghouse dust from precious metal recovery
furnaces as a sludge. 3 As with the by-product
classification for sweeps, baghouse dust is not a solid and hazardous
waste when it would be considered hazardous only for exhibiting a
characteristic such as toxicity. However, if the source material to the
furnace contained a listed hazardous waste, then the baghouse dust
would be considered a solid and hazardous waste due to its
classification as a listed sludge being reclaimed. Also as with the
sweeps, even if the baghouse dust is a listed sludge, it may still be
conditionally exempt from RCRA regulation under 40 CFR Part 266 Subpart
F if it contains economically recoverable levels of precious metals.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Ibid.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally, EPA currently classifies solder dross as a characteristic
by-product when reclaimed. As such, this material is already excluded
from the definition of solid waste and not regulated under the RCRA
regulations. Therefore, including solder dross in today's final rule
would be duplicative.
IX. State Authority
A. Applicability of Rules in Authorized States
Under section 3006 of RCRA, EPA may authorize qualified States to
administer and enforce the RCRA program within the State. Following
authorization, EPA retains enforcement authority under sections 3008,
3013, and 7003 of RCRA, although authorized States have primary
enforcement responsibility. The standards and requirements for
authorization are found in 40 CFR Part 271.
Prior to HSWA, a State with final authorization administered its
hazardous waste program in lieu of EPA administering the Federal
program in that State. The Federal requirements no longer applied in
the authorized State, and EPA could not issue permits for any
facilities that the State was authorized to permit. When new, more
stringent Federal requirements were promulgated or enacted, the State
was obliged to enact equivalent authority within specified time frames.
New Federal requirements did not take effect in an authorized State
until the State adopted the requirements as State law.
In contrast, under RCRA section 3006(g) (42 U.S.C. 6926(g)), new
requirements and prohibitions imposed by HSWA take effect in authorized
States at the same time that they take effect in unauthorized States.
EPA is directed to carry out these requirements and prohibitions in
authorized States, including the issuance of permits, until the State
is granted authorization to do so.
Today's treatment standards for wood preserving wastes are being
promulgated pursuant to sections 3004 (d) through (k), and 3004(m), of
RCRA (42 U.S.C. 6924 (d) through (k), and 6924(m)). Therefore, the
Agency is adding today's rule to Table 1 in 40 CFR 271.1(j), which
identifies the Federal program requirements that are promulgated
pursuant to HSWA. States may apply for final authorization for the HSWA
provisions in Table 1, as discussed in the following section of this
preamble. Table 2 in 40 CFR 271.1(j) is also modified to indicate that
this rule is a self-implementing provision of HSWA.
B. Abbreviated Authorization Procedures
In the August 22, 1995, LDR Phase IV proposed rule, EPA proposed a
set of streamlined authorization procedures that would apply to new
rules that were minor or routine in nature. This procedure was designed
to expedite the authorization process by reducing the scope of a
State's submittal, for authorization, to a State certification and
copies of applicable regulations and statutes. EPA would then conduct a
short review of the State's request, primarily consisting of a
completeness check (see 60 FR 43686 for a full description of the
proposed procedures). In the HWIR-Media proposed rule, EPA proposed
another set of abbreviated authorization procedures for more
significant rulemakings, called Category 2 (see 61 FR 18780, April 29,
1996). In this latter proposal, EPA designated the procedures outlined
in the Phase IV proposal as Category 1. In that proposal, EPA also
presented an expanded discussion on the need for and the intent of the
streamlined procedures. EPA also proposed a set of modified Category 1
procedures for the authorization of a proposed rule for mineral
processing wastes on January 25, 1996 (see 62 FR 2338).
Although EPA is firmly committed to streamlining the RCRA State
authorization procedures, the Agency has decided not to finalize the
proposed Category 1 authorization procedures in today's notice. EPA
believes that public comments from the August 22, 1995, and January 25,
1996, proposals and comments submitted for the recent HWIR-contaminated
media proposal should all be considered before finalizing new
procedures for authorization. This full consideration will enable EPA
to make the best decision regarding how the authorization process
should work. EPA intends to address all significant public comments for
all three notices and finalize streamlined authorization procedures
when the HWIR-Media rule is promulgated.
C. Effect on State Authorization
Because today's Phase IV LDR rule is being promulgated under HSWA
authority, those sections of today's rule that expand the coverage of
the LDR program (e.g., to newly listed wood preserving wastes) would be
implemented by EPA on the effective date of today's rule in authorized
States until their programs are modified to adopt these rules and the
modification is approved by EPA. These new treatment standards also
result in a more stringent Federal program than before. Therefore
States are required to adopt them in accordance with the requirements
below.
Because today's rule is promulgated pursuant to HSWA, a State
submitting a program modification may apply to receive interim or final
authorization under RCRA section 3006(g)(2) or 3006(b), respectively,
on the basis of
[[Page 26015]]
requirements that are substantially equivalent or equivalent to EPA's.
The procedures and schedule for State program modifications for final
authorization are described in 40 CFR 271.21. It should be noted that
all HSWA interim authorizations will expire January 1, 2003. (See
Sec. 271.24 and 57 FR 60132, December 18, 1992.)
Section 271.21(e)(2) requires that States with final authorization
must modify their programs to reflect Federal program changes and to
subsequently submit the modification to EPA for approval. The deadline
by which the State would have to modify its program to adopt these
regulations is specified in section 271.21(e). This deadline can be
extended in certain cases (see section 271.21(e)(3)). Once EPA approves
the modification, the State requirements become Subtitle C RCRA
requirements.
States with authorized RCRA programs may already have requirements
similar to those in today's rule. These State regulations have not been
assessed against the Federal regulations being proposed today to
determine whether they meet the tests for authorization. Thus, a State
is not authorized to implement these requirements in lieu of EPA until
the State program modifications are approved. Of course, states with
existing standards could continue to administer and enforce their
standards as a matter of State law. In implementing the Federal
program, EPA will work with States under agreements to minimize
duplication of efforts. In most cases, EPA expects that it will be able
to defer to the States in their efforts to implement their programs
rather than take separate actions under Federal authority.
States that submit official applications for final authorization
less than 12 months after the effective date of these regulations may,
but are not required to include standards equivalent to these
regulations in their application. However, the State must modify its
program by the deadline set forth in Sec. 271.21(e). States that submit
official applications for final authorization 12 months after the
effective date of these regulations must include standards equivalent
to these regulations in their application. The requirements a State
must meet when submitting its final authorization application are set
forth in 40 CFR 271.3.
D. Less Stringent Requirements
Section 3009 of RCRA allows States to impose standards that are
more stringent than the Federal program (see 40 CFR 270.1(i)). Thus,
for those Federal changes that are less stringent or reduce the scope
of the Federal program, States are not required to modify their
programs. EPA views the parts of today's rule other than the new
treatment standards for newly listed wood preserving wastes to be less
stringent. However, since these other parts of today's final rule make
significant improvements to the LDR program, EPA strongly encourages
States to adopt and become authorized for them.
X. Regulatory Requirements
A. Regulatory Impact Analysis Pursuant to Executive Order 12866
Executive Order No. 12866 requires agencies to determine whether a
regulatory action is ``significant.'' The Order defines a
``significant'' regulatory action as one that ``is likely to result in
a rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100
million or more or adversely affect, in a material way, the economy, a
sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the
environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal
governments or communities; (2) create serious inconsistency or
otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user
fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients; or
(4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates,
the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the
Executive Order.''
The Agency estimated the costs of today's final rule to determine
if it is a significant regulation as defined by the Executive Order.
The analysis considered compliance cost and economic impacts for newly
listed and identified wastes affected by this rule. This rule covers
three wood preserving wastes (F032, F034, and F035). EPA has determined
that this rule is significant according to the definition in Executive
Order 12866. Accordingly, this rule has been reviewed by the Office of
Management and Budget.
Detailed discussions of the methodology used for estimating the
costs, economic impacts and the benefits attributable to today's final
rule, followed by a presentation of the cost, economic impact and
benefit results may be found in the background document, ``Regulatory
Impact Analysis of the Final Phase IV Land Disposal Restrictions
Rule,'' which was placed in the docket for today's final rule.
1. Methodology Section
The Agency estimated the volumes of waste affected by today's rule
to determine the national level incremental costs (for both the
baseline and post-regulatory scenarios), economic impacts (defined as
the difference between the industrial activity under post-regulatory
conditions and the industrial activity in the absence of regulation),
and benefits (including estimation of pollutant loadings reductions,
estimation of reductions in exceedences of health-based levels, and
qualitative description of the potential benefits.) The procedure for
estimating the volumes of newly listed wood preserving wastes affected
by today's final rule is detailed in the background document
``Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Final Phase IV Land Disposal
Restrictions Rule for Wood Preserving Wastes, F032, F034 and F035,''
which was placed in the docket for today's final rule.
2. Volume Results
The Agency has estimated that 469 active facilities generate an
estimated range of 3,860 tons to 18,808 tons annually of newly listed
wood preserving wastes including F032, F034, and F035 nonwastewaters.
The Agency has estimated that active 469 facilities generate an
estimated range of 3,860 tons to 18,808 tons annually of newly listed
wood preserving wastes including F032, F034, and F035 nonwastewaters.
In addition the Agency has estimated that there are approximately 1000
inactive or abandoned wood preserving sites that have contaminated soil
and debris that may require some type of remediation. One Agency
estimate for the total volume of wood preserving contaminated soil and
debris requiring either in-situ or ex-situ treatment is 37 million tons
based on an extrapolation of the average quantity of excavated soils
from wood preserving Superfund sites. For purposes of the capacity
analysis in today's rule, the Agency is using an alternate estimate of
over 100,000 tons as the basis of setting the national capacity
variance for wood preserving soil and debris.
3. Cost Results
EPA estimated the incremental treatment cost attributable to Phase
IV LDRs to total between $3.1 million and $17.7 million per year for
generators of newly listed wood preserving wastes. In addition, EPA has
estimated that administrative requirements for reporting and record
keeping from today's rule will result in a cost of $0.2 million per
year for owners and
[[Page 26016]]
operators of inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites. This
estimate is based on the costs of thermal destruction and stabilization
of F032 and F034 non-wastewaters; the costs of stabilization of F035
non-wastewaters; and the incremental cost of disposing of the residuals
from the treatment of the 3,860-18,808 tons of waste.
Today's final rule provides a two year capacity variance during
which cleanups of these sites may continue without being affected by
the Land Disposal Restriction treatment standards promulgated in
today's rule. This provision will reduce the costs of managing media
contaminated by these listed wastes to the extent that facility
operators and site managers take advantage of it. Also, many sites are
using in-situ remedies where no soil is excavated at the site. This
type of remediation does not trigger any of the requirements
promulgated in today's rule.
Prospectively, future rulemakings such as the Hazardous Waste
Indentification Final Rule for contaminated media may result in
quantities of contaminated soil being removed from RCRA jurisdiction or
subject to less rigorous cleanup levels than the current universal
treatment standards. Inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites may
avail themselves of exemptions from today's promulgated treatment
standards such as a no-migration petition (40 CFR Part 268.6) or site
specific treatability variances (40 CFR Part 268.44(h)). Further
reductions in treatment cost will accrue to the extent that (1) EPA
acts to remove media contaminated with these listed wastes from RCRA
jurisdiction and (2) facility operators and site managers petition for,
and EPA grants, these no-migration petitions and treatability
variances. For the foregoing reasons, EPA does not believe that
incremental treatment costs will accrue to contaminated media cleanups
at inactive or abandoned wood preserving sites. Accordingly, EPA has
not estimated incremental treatment costs that would result from the
selection of a more expensive remedy in order to avoid triggering LDR
treatment requirements. Although EPA believes that this scenario is
unlikely, such costs are possible.
With respect to media contaminated with listed wood preserving
wastes, EPA's estimate of the costs of today's final rule includes only
the administrative costs of applying for treatability variances which
the Agency has the discretion to grant subsequent to this action. EPA
estimates that there are 35 million tons of such contaminated media
that incur administrative costs for treatability variances, waste
analysis plans, and other RCRA activities. The Agency will estimate the
volume and cost of remediating contaminated media as affected by the
HWIR Contaminated Media final rule. This will include the evaluation of
all soils and sludges that would otherwise have been treated in-situ
whose management and treatment costs could change, either because of
provisions of the HWIR Contaminated Media final rule; changes in
relative prices for alternative treatment technologies; or increases in
market prices of treatment resulting from such shifts in demand. EPA
will use the same baseline for estimating these costs that the Agency
uses to estimate cost savings.
4. Economic Impact Results
The Agency has estimated the economic impacts of today's final rule
to be small. EPA conducted an initial screening analysis of the impacts
of the Phase IV LDR rule on small wood preserving facilities. Results
of the initial screening analysis indicate that the cost of compliance
for the majority of active wood preserving facilities that use
inorganic wood preservatives and generate F035 wastes is less than one
percent of total their estimated revenues. In contrast, active wood
preserving facilities that use creosote and pentachlorophenol as a
preservatives and generated F032 and F034 wastes have been estimated to
incur upper bound compliance costs that may exceed one percent of this
subsector's revenues.
Some active wood preserving facilities that use creosote and
pentachlorophenol as preservatives may incur upper bound compliance
costs that will exceed one percent of their estimated revenues. EPA
believes, however, that in looking at the affected universe of active
wood preserving facilities, today's final rule will not constitute a
significant impact to a substantial number of them. First, only 18 or
roughly 4 percent of over 469 wood preserving facilities are expected
to incur compliance costs that exceed 2 percent of their revenues or
more than 25 percent of their long run profits. Of the remaining 49
facilities or 10 percent with upper bound estimated compliance costs
exceeding 1 percent of their revenue, none are expected to incur
compliance costs exceeding 2 percent of firm revenues or 25 percent of
long term profits. Second, industry information suggests that there is
a trend within the wood preserving industry away from using
pentachlorophenol as a preservative. Product substitution to other
nontoxic or toxic preservatives resulting in less expensive treatment
of wastes may result in lower costs to these wood preserving
facilities. Finally, data collected to estimate the upper bound
quantity of F032 generated at these facilities included values for
mixed F032/F034/F035 wastes (meaning that the generator reported
combined volumes for F032 and other wood preserving wastes) such that
the total volume of F032 is probably much lower than the data suggests.
For inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites that require
remediation, EPA believes that there should not be a significant
economic impact resulting from today's rule. Of the estimated 1000
sites, based on the frequency of wood preserving Superfund cleanups,
EPA projects that over 200 inactive and abandoned sites will use in-
situ remedies and thus not incur any costs under today's rule. In
addition, EPA projects that the remaining 800 sites will incur only
administrative costs associated with recordkeeping and reporting
requirements that average $240 in annualized cost per site. Given that
the reported average cost of cleaning up wood preserving Superfund
sites is $9.3 million,4 EPA believes that these
administrative costs should not significantly affect remedial
activities at inactive and abandoned wood preserving sites.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ Shreekant Gupta, George Van Houtven, and Maureen L. Cropper,
``Do Benefits and Costs Matter in Environmental Regulation? '', in
anaylzing Superfund, Economics, Science and Law, ed. Richard L.
Revesz and Richard B. Stewart (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the
Future, 1996), p. 97.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Benefit Estimate Results
EPA has not performed analysis sufficient to estimate risks to
actual individuals or populations exposed to these listed wastes under
conditions of Subtitle C management without LDRs. However, EPA has
completed a qualitative benefits analysis of the types of benefits that
may result from today's rule. This analysis is described in greater
detail in the regulatory impact analysis for newly identified listed
wood preserving hazardous waste placed in today's docket. Benefits for
this final rule as measured by individual or population risk reduction
require substantially more information than the Agency has available
now. Further, site specific information on waste characterization,
hydrogeological parameters, meteorological conditions and demographic
patterns would be needed for a representative number of facilities
before national estimates of
[[Page 26017]]
population risk could be calculated. The Agency does not have
sufficient information to complete a quantitative individual or
population risk estimate.
While waste management rules to protect ground water have been
promulgated in the past to control otherwise unacceptable individual
risks, it is unusual to predict high `population risks' unless there is
an unusually large water supply well impacted by the facility, simply
because ground water contamination generally moves slowly and locally.
It has been the agency's experience that regulations with land disposal
restrictions have been found to produce relatively small, quantifiable
population risk reductions to individuals exposed to contaminated
groundwater via private wells. For example, in the analysis of Land
Disposal Restrictions Phase II (40 CFR Parts 148, et al.) for organic
toxicity wastes, some of the individual risk were in the range of
10-4, the population risk reductions were found to be only
about 0.22 cases of cancer per year.
If population densities and prevalence of private ground water
wells around wood preserving facilities are similar to other waste
management facilities, it is the Agency's expectation that land
disposal restrictions for hazardous wood preserving wastes would also
achieve relatively small, quantifiable population risk reductions. For
these reasons and the data limitations cited above, the Agency has not
attempted to address the quantification of population risk reduction
for this final rule.
Nevertheless, the Agency has concluded that LDR rules like today's
rule may produce benefits in the area of ecological risk reduction and
reduced natural resource damage. EPA has not developed a quantitative
assessment of these benefits categories because of budgetary and data
limitations.
B. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, 5 U.S.C. 601 et
seq., when an agency publishes a notice of rulemaking, for a rule that
will have a significant effect on a substantial number of small
entities, the agency must prepare and make available for public comment
a regulatory flexibility analysis that considers the effect of the rule
on small entities (i.e.: small businesses, small organizations, and
small governmental jurisdictions).
In assessing the regulatory approach for dealing with small
entities in today's proposed rule, the Agency had to consider that due
to the statutory requirements of the RCRA LDR program, no legal avenues
exist for the Agency to provide relief from the LDR's for small
entities. The only relief available for small entities is the existing
small quantity generator provisions and conditionally exempt small
quantity generator exemptions found in 40 CFR 262.11-12, and 261.5,
respectively. These exemptions basically prescribe 100 kilograms (kg)
per calendar month generation of hazardous waste as the limit below
which one is exempted from complying with the RCRA standards.
Given this statutory constraint, the Agency was unable to frame a
series of small entity options from which to select the lowest cost
approach; rather, the Agency was legally bound to regulate the land
disposal of the hazardous wastes covered in today's rule without regard
to the size of the entity being regulated. For the reasons stated above
in the economic impact discussion of section X.A, I hereby certify that
today's final rule will not have a significant impact on a substantial
number of small entities in the wood preserving sector.
C. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMBRA),
Public Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to
assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, Tribal, and
local governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the
UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-
benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal
mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, and Tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100
million or more in any one year. When a written statement is needed for
an EPA rule, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least
costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative if the
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small
governments, including Tribal governments, it must have developed under
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, giving
them meaningful and timely input in the development of EPA regulatory
proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and
informing, educating, and advising them on compliance with the
regulatory requirements.
EPA has determined that this rule does not contain a Federal
mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for
State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private
sector in any one year. EPA has estimated that the total potential cost
to State, local, and Tribal governments would not exceed approximately
$200,000 per year over ten years. Thus, today's rule is not subject to
the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA.
D. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in this rule have been
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An
Information Collection Request (ICR) document has been prepared by EPA:
OSWER ICR No. 1442.14 would amend the existing ICR approved under OMB
Control No. 2050-0085. This ICR has not been approved by OMB and the
information collection requirements, although they are less stringent
than those previously required by the EPA, are not enforceable until
OMB approves the ICR. EPA will publish a document in the Federal
Register when OMB approves the information collection requirements
showing the valid OMB control number. Until then, persons are not
required to respond to collections of information in this ICR.
Copies of this ICR may be obtained from Sandy Farmer, OPPE
Regulatory Information Division; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(2136); 401 M St., S.W.; Washington, D.C. 20460 or by calling (202)
260-2740. Include the ICR number in any request.
The annual public reporting and recordkeeping burden for this
collection of information is estimated to be reduced by 8 hours per
response. Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements,
train personnel to be able to respond to a
[[Page 26018]]
collection of information; search data sources; complete and review the
collection of information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the
information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not
required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays
a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.
Send comments on the Agency's burden reduction, the accuracy of the
provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing
respondent burden, including through the use of automated collection of
techniques to the Director, OPPE Regulatory Information Division; U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (2136); 401 M St., S.W.; Washington, DC
20460; and to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office
of Management and Budget, 725 17th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20503,
marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.'' Include the ICR number in
any correspondence.
XI. Environmental Justice
A. Applicability of Executive Order 12898
EPA is committed to address environmental justice concerns and is
assuming a leadership role in environmental justice initiatives to
enhance environmental quality for all residents of the United States.
The Agencies goals are to ensure that no segment of the population,
regardless of race, color, national origin, or income bears
disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental
effects as a result of EPA's policies, programs, and activities, and
all people live in clean and sustainable communities.
B. Potential Effects
Today's rule is intended to reduce risks of disposing hazardous
wastes, and to benefit all populations. This rule is not expected to
cause any disproportionate impacts to minority or low income
communities versus affluent or non-minority communities.
XII. Submission to Congress and General Accounting Office
Under 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A) as added by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, EPA submitted a report
containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate,
the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the
General Accounting Office prior to publication of the rule in today's
Federal Register. This rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5
U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 148
Administrative practice and procedure, Hazardous waste, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Water supply.
40 CFR Part 261
Environmental protection, Hazardous waste, Recycling, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
40 CFR Part 268
Environmental protection, Hazardous waste, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
40 CFR Part 271
Administrative practice and procedure, Hazardous materials
transportation, Hazardous waste, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: April 18, 1997.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, Title 40, chapter I of the
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 148--HAZARDOUS WASTE INJECTION RESTRICTIONS
1. The authority citation for Part 148 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: Section 3004, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
42 U.S.C. 6901, et seq.
2. Section 148.18 is amended by revising the heading, redesignating
paragraphs (a) through (c) as (c) through (e) respectively, and by
adding paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:
Sec. 148.18 Waste specific prohibitions--newly listed and identified
wastes.
(a) Effective August 11, 1997, the wastes specified in 40 CFR part
261 as EPA Hazardous waste numbers F032, F034, F035 are prohibited from
underground injection.
(b) Effective May 12, 1999, the wastes specified in 40 CFR part 261
as EPA Hazardous waste numbers F032, F034, F035 that are mixed with
radioactive wastes are prohibited from underground injection.
* * * * *
PART 261--IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
Subpart A--General
3. The authority citation for part 261 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6921, 6922, 6924(y), and
6938.
4. Section 261.1 is amended by adding paragraphs (c) (9) through
(12) to read as follows:
Sec. 261.1 Purpose and scope.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(9) ``Excluded scrap metal'' is processed scrap metal, unprocessed
home scrap metal, and unprocessed prompt scrap metal.
(10) ``Processed scrap metal'' is scrap metal which has been
manually or physically altered to either separate it into distinct
materials to enhance economic value or to improve the handling of
materials. Processed scrap metal includes, but is not limited to scrap
metal which has been baled, shredded, sheared, chopped, crushed,
flattened, cut, melted, or separated by metal type (i.e., sorted), and,
fines, drosses and related materials which have been agglomerated.
(Note: shredded circuit boards being sent for recycling are not
considered processed scrap metal. They are covered under the exclusion
from the definition of solid waste for shredded circuit boards being
recycled (Sec. 261.4(a)(13)).
(11) ``Home scrap metal'' is scrap metal as generated by steel
mills, foundries, and refineries such as turnings, cuttings, punchings,
and borings.
(12) ``Prompt scrap metal'' is scrap metal as generated by the
metal working/fabrication industries and includes such scrap metal as
turnings, cuttings, punchings, and borings. Prompt scrap is also known
as industrial or new scrap metal.
5. Section 261.2(c) is amended by revising table 1 to read as
follows:
Sec. 261.2 Definition of solid waste.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
[[Page 26019]]
Table 1
Use constituting Energy recovery/ Speculative
disposal (Sec. fuel (Sec. Reclamation (Sec. accumulation (Sec.
261.2(c)(1)) 261.2(c)(2)) 261.2(c)(3)) 261.2(c)(4))
(1) (2) (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spent Materials................. (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sludges (listed in 40 CFR Part
261.31 or 261.32............... (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sludges exhibiting a
characteristic of hazardous
waste.......................... (*) (*) .................. (*)
By-products (listed in 40 CFR
261.31 or 261.32).............. (*) (*) (*) (*)
By-products exhibiting a
characteristic of hazardous
waste.......................... (*) (*) .................. (*)
Commercial chemical products
listed in 40 CFR 261.33........ (*) (*) .................. ..................
Scrap metal other than excluded
scrap metal (see 261.1(c)(9)).. (*) (*) (*) (*)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: The terms ``spent materials'', ``sludges'', ``by-products'', and ``scrap metal'' and ``processed scrap
metal'' are defined in Sec. 261.1.
* * * * *
6. Section 261.4(a) is amended by adding paragraphs (a) (13) and
(14) to read as follows:
Sec. 261.4 Exclusions.
(a) * * *
(13) Excluded scrap metal (processed scrap metal, unprocessed home
scrap metal, and unprocessed prompt scrap metal) being recycled.
(14) Shredded circuit boards being recycled provided that they are:
(i) Stored in containers sufficient to prevent a release to the
environment prior to recovery; and
(ii) Free of mercury switches, mercury relays and nickel-cadmium
batteries and lithium batteries.
* * * * *
7. Section 261.6 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(3)(ii) to
read as follows:
Sec. 261.6 Requirements for recyclable materials.
(a) * * *
(3) * * *
(ii) Scrap metal that is not excluded under Sec. 261.4(a)(13);
* * * * *
PART 268--LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS
8. The authority citation for part 268 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6921, and 6924.
Subpart A--General
9. Section 268.1 is amended by revising paragraph (e) to read as
follows:
Sec. 268.1 Purpose, scope and applicability.
* * * * *
(e) The following hazardous wastes are not subject to any provision
of part 268:
(1) Waste generated by small quantity generators of less than 100
kilograms of non-acute hazardous waste or less than 1 kilogram of acute
hazardous waste per month, as defined in Sec. 261.5 of this chapter;
(2) Waste pesticides that a farmer disposes of pursuant to
Sec. 262.70;
(3) Wastes identified or listed as hazardous after November 8, 1984
for which EPA has not promulgated land disposal prohibitions or
treatment standards;
(4) De minimis losses of characteristic wastes to wastewaters are
not considered to be prohibited wastes and are defined as losses from
normal material handling operations (e.g. spills from the unloading or
transfer of materials from bins or other containers, leaks from pipes,
valves or other devices used to transfer materials); minor leaks of
process equipment, storage tanks or containers; leaks from well-
maintained pump packings and seals; sample purgings; and relief device
discharges; discharges from safety showers and rinsing and cleaning of
personal safety equipment; rinsate from empty containers or from
containers that are rendered empty by that rinsing; and laboratory
wastes not exceeding one per cent of the total flow of wastewater into
the facility's headworks on an annual basis, or with a combined
annualized average concentration not exceeding one part per million in
the headworks of the facility's wastewater treatment or pretreatment
facility.
* * * * *
10. Section 268.4 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(2)(iv), and
(a)(4) introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 268.4 Treatment surface impoundment exemption.
(a) * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) Recordkeeping: Sampling and testing and recordkeeping
provisions of Secs. 264.13 and 265.13 of this chapter apply.
* * * * *
(4) The owner or operator submits to the Regional Administrator a
written certification that the requirements of Sec. 268.4(a)(3) have
been met. The following certification is required:
* * * * *
11. Section 268.7 is amended by revising the section heading:
revising paragraph (a); by removing paragraph (b)(2) and redesignating
paragraphs (b)(3) through (b)(7) as (b)(2) through (b)(6) respectively;
and by revising the introductory text of paragraph (b), and revising
paragraphs (b)(1), newly designated paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(4),
(c)(1), and (c)(2) to read as follows:
Sec. 268.7 Testing, tracking, and recordkeeping requirements for
generators, treaters, and disposal facilities.
(a) Requirements for generators: (1) Determine if the waste has to
be treated before being land disposed, as follows: A generator of a
hazardous waste must determine if the waste has to be treated before it
can be land disposed. This is done by determining if the hazardous
waste meets the treatment standards in Sec. 268.40 or Sec. 268.45. This
determination can be made in either of two ways: testing the waste or
using knowledge of the waste. If the generator tests the waste, testing
would normally determine the total concentration of hazardous
constituents, or the concentration of hazardous constituents in an
extract of the waste obtained using test method 1311 in ``Test Methods
for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,'' EPA
Publication SW-846, as referenced in Sec. 260.11 of this chapter,
depending on whether the treatment standard for the waste is expressed
as a total concentration or concentration of hazardous constituent in
the waste's extract. In addition, some hazardous wastes must be treated
by particular treatment methods before they can be land disposed. These
treatment standards are also found in Sec. 268.40, and are described in
detail in Sec. 268.42, Table 1. These wastes do not need to be tested
(however, if they are
[[Page 26020]]
in a waste mixture, other wastes with concentration level treatment
standards would have to be tested). If a generator determines they are
managing a waste that displays a hazardous characteristic of
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity, they must comply
with the special requirements of Sec. 268.9 of this part in addition to
any applicable requirements in this section.
(2) If the waste does not meet the treatment standard: With the
initial shipment of waste to each treatment or storage facility, the
generator must send a one-time written notice to each treatment or
storage facility receiving the waste, and place a copy in the file. The
notice must include the information in column ``268.7(a)(2)'' of the
Generator Paperwork Requirements Table in Sec. 268.7(a)(4). No further
notification is necessary until such time that the waste or facility
change, in which case a new notification must be sent and a copy placed
in the generator's file.
(3) If the waste meets the treatment standard at the original point
of generation:
(i) With the initial shipment of waste to each treatment, storage,
or disposal facility, the generator must send a one-time written notice
to each treatment, storage, or disposal facility receiving the waste,
and place a copy in the file. The notice must include the information
indicated in column ``268.7(a)(3)'' of the Generator Paperwork
Requirements Table in Sec. 268.7(a)(4) and the following certification
statement, signed by an authorized representative:
I certify under penalty of law that I personally have examined
and am familiar with the waste through analysis and testing or
through knowledge of the waste to support this certification that
the waste complies with the treatment standards specified in 40 CFR
part 268 subpart D. I believe that the information I submitted is
true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant
penalties for submitting a false certification, including the
possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
(ii) If the waste changes, the generator must send a new notice and
certification to the receiving facility, and place a copy in their
files. Generators of hazardous debris excluded from the definition of
hazardous waste under Sec. 261.3(f) of this chapter are not subject to
these requirements.
(4) For reporting, tracking and recordkeeping when exceptions allow
certain wastes that do not meet the treatment standards to be land
disposed: There are certain exemptions from the requirement that
hazardous wastes meet treatment standards before they can be land
disposed. These include, but are not limited to case-by-case extensions
under Sec. 268.5, disposal in a no-migration unit under Sec. 268.6, or
a national capacity variance or case-by-case capacity variance under
subpart C of this part. If a generator's waste is so exempt, then with
the initial shipment of waste, the generator must send a one-time
written notice to each land disposal facility receiving the waste. The
notice must include the information indicated in column ``268.7(a)(4)''
of the Generator Paperwork Requirements Table below. If the waste
changes, the generator must send a new notice to the receiving
facility, and place a copy in their files.
Generator Paperwork Requirements Table
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 268.7 Sec. 268.7 Sec. 268.7 Sec. 268.7
Required information (a)(2) (a)(3) (a)(4) (a)(9)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. EPA Hazardous Waste and Manifest numbers.............
2. Statement: this waste is not prohibited from land
disposal...............................................
3. The waste is subject to the LDRs. The constituents of
concern for F001-F005, and F039, and underlying
hazardous constituents (for wastes that are not managed
in a Clean Water Act (CWA) or CWA-equivalent facility),
unless the waste will be treated and monitored for all
constituents. If all constituents will be treated and
monitored, there is no need to put them all on the LDR
notice.................................................
4. The notice must include the applicable wastewater/
nonwastewater category (see Secs. 268.2(d) and (f))
and subdivisions made within a waste code based on
waste-specific criteria (such as D003 reactive cyanide)
5. Waste analysis data (when available).................
6. Date the waste is subject to the prohibition.........
7. For hazardous debris, when treating with the
alternative treatment technologies provided by Sec.
268.45: the contaminants subject to treatment, as
described in Sec. 268.45(b); and an indication that
these contaminants are being treated to comply with
Sec. 268.45...........................................
8. A certification is needed (see applicable section for
exact wording).........................................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(5) If a generator is managing and treating prohibited waste in
tanks, containers, or containment buildings regulated under 40 CFR
262.34 to meet applicable LDR treatment standards found at Sec. 268.40,
the generator must develop and follow a written waste analysis plan
which describes the procedures they will carry out to comply with the
treatment standards. (Generators treating hazardous debris under the
alternative treatment standards of Table 1, Sec. 268.45, however, are
not subject to these waste analysis requirements.) The plan must be
kept on site in the generator's records, and the following requirements
must be met:
(i) The waste analysis plan must be based on a detailed chemical
and physical analysis of a representative sample of the prohibited
waste(s) being treated, and contain all information necessary to treat
the waste(s) in accordance with the requirements of this part,
including the selected testing frequency.
(ii) Such plan must be kept in the facility's on-site files and
made available to inspectors.
(iii) Wastes shipped off-site pursuant to this paragraph must
comply with the notification requirements of Sec. 268.7(a)(3).
(6) If a generator determines that the waste is restricted based
solely on his knowledge of the waste, all supporting data used to make
this determination must be retained on-site in the generator's files.
If a generator determines that the waste is restricted based on testing
this waste or an extract developed using the test method 1311 in ``Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,'' EPA
Publication SW-846, as referenced in Sec. 260.11 of this chapter, and
all waste analysis data must be retained on-site in the generator's
files.
(7) If a generator determines that he is managing a restricted
waste that is
[[Page 26021]]
excluded from the definition of hazardous or solid waste or exempt from
Subtitle C regulation, under 40 CFR 261.2 through 261.6 subsequent to
the point of generation (including deactivated characteristic hazardous
wastes managed in wastewater treatment systems subject to the Clean
Water Act (CWA) as specified at 40 CFR 261.4(a)(2), or are CWA-
equivalent), he must place a one-time notice stating such generation,
subsequent exclusion from the definition of hazardous or solid waste or
exemption from RCRA Subtitle C regulation, and the disposition of the
waste, in the facility's file.
(8) Generators must retain on-site a copy of all notices,
certifications, waste analysis data, and other documentation produced
pursuant to this section for at least three years from the date that
the waste that is the subject of such documentation was last sent to
on-site or off-site treatment, storage, or disposal. The three year
record retention period is automatically extended during the course of
any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity or
as requested by the Administrator. The requirements of this paragraph
apply to solid wastes even when the hazardous characteristic is removed
prior to disposal, or when the waste is excluded from the definition of
hazardous or solid waste under 40 CFR 261.2 through 261.6, or exempted
from Subtitle C regulation, subsequent to the point of generation.
(9) If a generator is managing a lab pack containing hazardous
wastes and wishes to use the alternative treatment standard for lab
packs found at Sec. 268.42(c):
(i) With the initial shipment of waste to a treatment facility, the
generator must submit a notice that provides the information in column
``Sec. 268.7(a)(9)'' in the Generator Paperwork Requirements Table of
paragraph (a)(4) of this section, and the following certification. The
certification, which must be signed by an authorized representative and
must be placed in the generator's files, must say the following:
I certify under penalty of law that I personally have examined
and am familiar with the waste and that the lab pack contains only
wastes that have not been excluded under appendix IV to 40 CFR part
268 and that this lab pack will be sent to a combustion facility in
compliance with the alternative treatment standards for lab packs at
40 CFR 268.42(c). I am aware that there are significant penalties
for submitting a false certification, including the possibility of
fine or imprisonment.
(ii) No further notification is necessary until such time that the
wastes in the lab pack change, or the receiving facility changes, in
which case a new notice and certification must be sent and a copy
placed in the generator's file.
(iii) If the lab pack contains characteristic hazardous wastes
(D001-D043), underlying hazardous constituents (as defined in
Sec. 268.2(i)) need not be determined.
(iv) The generator must also comply with the requirements in
paragraphs (a)(6) and (a)(7) of this section.
(10) Small quantity generators with tolling agreements pursuant to
40 CFR 262.20(e) must comply with the applicable notification and
certification requirements of paragraph (a) of this section for the
initial shipment of the waste subject to the agreement. Such generators
must retain on-site a copy of the notification and certification,
together with the tolling agreement, for at least three years after
termination or expiration of the agreement. The three-year record
retention period is automatically extended during the course of any
unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity or as
requested by the Administrator.
(b) Treatment facilities must test their wastes according to the
frequency specified in their waste analysis plans as required by 40 CFR
264.13 (for permitted TSDs) or 40 CFR 265.13 (for interim status
facilities). Such testing must be performed as provided in paragraphs
(b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section.
(1) For wastes with treatment standards expressed as concentrations
in the waste extract (TCLP), the owner or operator of the treatment
facility must test an extract of the treatment residues, using test
method 1311 (the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, described
in ``Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical
Methods,'' EPA Publication SW-846 as incorporated by reference in
Sec. 260.11 of this chapter), to assure that the treatment residues
extract meet the applicable treatment standards.
(2) For wastes with treatment standards expressed as concentrations
in the waste, the owner or operator of the treatment facility must test
the treatment residues (not an extract of such residues) to assure that
they meet the applicable treatment standards.
(3) A one-time notice must be sent with the initial shipment of
waste to the land disposal facility. A copy of the notice must be
placed in the treatment facility's file.
(i) No further notification is necessary until such time that the
waste or receiving facility change, in which case a new notice must be
sent and a copy placed in the treatment facility's file.
(ii) The one-time notice must include these requirements:
Treatment Facility Paperwork Requirements Table
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required information Sec.
--------------------------------------------------------------268.7(b)--
1. EPA Hazardous Waste and Manifest numbers..............
2. The waste is subject to the LDRs. The constituents of
concern for F001-F005, and F039, and underlying
hazardous constituents (for wastes that are not managed
in a Clean Water Act (CWA) or CWA-equivalent facility),
unless the waste will be treated and monitored for all
constituents. If all constituents will be treated and
monitored, there is no need to put them all on the LDR
notice..................................................
3. The notice must include the applicable wastewater/
nonwastewater category (see Secs. 268.2(d) and (f)) and
subdivisions made within a waste code based on waste-
specific criteria (such as D003 reactive cyanide).......
4. Waste analysis data (when available)..................
5. A certification statement is needed (see applicable
section for exact wording)..............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) The treatment facility must submit a one-time certification
signed by an authorized representative with the initial shipment of
waste or treatment residue of a restricted waste to the land disposal
facility. The certification must state:
I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined
and am familiar with the treatment technology and operation of the
treatment process used to support this certification. Based on my
inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining
this information, I believe that the treatment process has been
operated and maintained properly so as to comply with the treatment
standards specified in 40 CFR 268.40 without impermissible dilution
of the
[[Page 26022]]
prohibited waste. I am aware there are significant penalties for
submitting a false certification, including the possibility of fine
and imprisonment.
(i) A copy of the certification must be placed in the treatment
facility's on-site files. If the waste or treatment residue changes, or
the receiving facility changes, a new certification must be sent to the
receiving facility, and a copy placed in the file.
(ii) Debris excluded from the definition of hazardous waste under
Sec. 261.3(e) of this chapter (i.e., debris treated by an extraction or
destruction technology provided by Table 1, Sec. 268.45, and debris
that the Director has determined does not contain hazardous waste),
however, is subject to the notification and certification requirements
of paragraph (d) of this section rather than the certification
requirements of this paragraph.
(iii) For wastes with organic constituents having treatment
standards expressed as concentration levels, if compliance with the
treatment standards is based in whole or in part on the analytical
detection limit alternative specified in Sec. 268.40(d), the
certification, signed by an authorized representative, must state the
following:
I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined
and am familiar with the treatment technology and operation of the
treatment process used to support this certification. Based on my
inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining
this information, I believe that the nonwastewater organic
constituents have been treated by combustion units as specified in
268.42, Table 1. I have been unable to detect the nonwastewater
organic constituents, despite having used best good-faith efforts to
analyze for such constituents. I am aware there are significant
penalties for submitting a false certification, including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) Have copies of the notice and certifications specified in
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.
(2) Test the waste, or an extract of the waste or treatment residue
developed using test method 1311 (the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure), described in ``Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
Physical/Chemical Methods,'' EPA Publication SW-846 as incorporated by
reference in Sec. 260.11 of this chapter), to assure that the wastes or
treatment residues are in compliance with the applicable treatment
standards set forth in subpart D of this part. Such testing must be
performed according to the frequency specified in the facility's waste
analysis plan as required by Sec. 264.13 or Sec. 265.13 of this
chapter.
* * * * *
12. Section 268.9 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and
(d)(1)(ii) to read as follows:
Sec. 268.9 Special rules regarding wastes that exhibit a
characteristic.
(a) The initial generator of a solid waste must determine each EPA
Hazardous Waste Number (waste code) applicable to the waste in order to
determine the applicable treatment standards under subpart D of this
part. For purposes of part 268, the waste will carry the waste code for
any applicable listed waste (Part 261, Subpart D). In addition, where
the waste exhibits a characteristic, the waste will carry one or more
of the characteristic waste codes (Part 261, Subpart C), except when
the treatment standard for the listed waste operates in lieu of the
treatment standard for the characteristic waste, as specified in
paragraph (b) of this section. If the generator determines that their
waste displays a hazardous characteristic (and is not D001
nonwastewaters treated by CMBST, RORGS, OR POLYM of Sec. 268.42, Table
1), the generator must determine the underlying hazardous constituents
(as defined at Sec. 268.2(i)) in the characteristic waste.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(1) * * *
(ii) A description of the waste as initially generated, including
the applicable EPA hazardous waste code(s), treatability group(s), and
underlying hazardous constituents (as defined in Sec. 268.2(i)), unless
the waste will be treated and monitored for all underlying hazardous
constituents. If all underlying hazardous constituents will be treated
and monitored, there is no requirement to list any of the underlying
hazardous constituents on the notice.
* * * * *
Subpart C--Prohibitions on Land Disposal
13. Section 268.30 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 268.30 Waste specific prohibitions--wood preserving wastes.
(a) Effective August 11, 1997, the following wastes are prohibited
from land disposal: the wastes specified in 40 CFR part 261 as EPA
Hazardous Waste numbers F032, F034, and F035.
(b) Effective May 12, 1999, the following wastes are prohibited
from land disposal: soil and debris contaminated with F032, F034, F035;
and radioactive wastes mixed with EPA Hazardous waste numbers F032,
F034, and F035.
(c) Between May 12, 1997 and May 12, 1999, soil and debris
contaminated with F032, F034, F035; and radioactive waste mixed with
F032, F034, and F035 may be disposed in a landfill or surface
impoundment only if such unit is in compliance with the requirements
specified in Sec. 268.5(h)(2) of this part.
(d) The requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do
not apply if:
(1) The wastes meet the applicable treatment standards specified in
Subpart D of this part;
(2) Persons have been granted an exemption from a prohibition
pursuant to a petition under Sec. 268.6, with respect to those wastes
and units covered by the petition;
(3) The wastes meet the applicable alternate treatment standards
established pursuant to a petition granted under Sec. 268.44; or
(4) Persons have been granted an extension to the effective date of
a prohibition pursuant to Sec. 268.5, with respect to those wastes
covered by the extension.
(e) To determine whether a hazardous waste identified in this
section exceeds the applicable treatment standards specified in
Sec. 268.40, the initial generator must test a sample of the waste
extract or the entire waste, depending on whether the treatment
standards are expressed as concentrations in the waste extract or the
waste, or the generator may use knowledge of the waste. If the waste
contains constituents in excess of the applicable Universal Treatment
Standard levels of Sec. 268.48 of this part, the waste is prohibited
from land disposal, and all requirements of part 268 are applicable,
except as otherwise specified.
Secs. 268.32, 268.33, 268.34, 268.35 and 286.36 [Removed and
Reserved]
14. Sections 268.32, 268.33, 268.34, 268.35, and 268.36 are removed
and reserved.
Subpart D--Treatment Standards
15. In Sec. 268.40 the Table of Treatment Standards is amended by
adding, in alpha-numerical order, entries for F032, F034, and F035, and
revising entries for D001, F024 to read as follows:
Sec. 268.40 Applicability of treatment standards.
* * * * *
[[Page 26023]]
Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes
[Note: NA means not applicable]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regulated hazardous constituent Wastewaters Nonwastewaters
Waste description --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
and treatment/ Concentration in mg/kg
Waste code regulatory Concentration in mg/l 3; or \5\ unless noted as ``mg/
subcategory \1\ Common name CAS \2\ No. technology code 4 l TCLP''; or technology
code
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D001 \9\....... High TOC Ignitable NA........................................ NA NA............................. RORGS; CMBST; OR POLYM
Characteristic
Liquids
Subcategory based
on 40 CFR
261.21(a)(1)--Gre
ater than or
equal to 10%
total organic
carbon. (Note:
This subcategory
consists of
nonwastewaters
only.).
* * * * * * *
F024........... Process wastes, All F024 wastes........................... NA CMBST \11\..................... CMBST \11\
including but not 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene.................... 126-99-8 0.057.......................... 0.28
limited to, 3-Chloropropylene......................... 107-05-1 0.036.......................... 30
distillation 1,1-Dichloroethane........................ 75-34-3 0.059.......................... 6.0
residues, heavy 1,2-Dichloroethane........................ 107-06-2 0.21........................... 6.0
ends, tars, and 1,2-Dichloropropane....................... 78-87-5 0.85........................... 18
reactor clean-out cis-1,3-Dichloropropylene................. 10061-01-5 0.036.......................... 18
wastes, from the trans-1,3-Dichloropropylene............... 10061-02-6 0.036.......................... 18
production of bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate............... 117-81-7 0.28........................... 28
certain Hexachloroethane.......................... 67-72-1 0.055.......................... 30
chlorinated Chromium (Total).......................... 7440-47-3 2.77........................... 0.86 mg/l TCLP
aliphatic Nickel.................................... 7440-02-0 3.98........................... 5.0 mg/l TCLP
hydrocarbons by
free radical
catalyzed
processes. These
chlorinated
aliphatic
hydrocarbons are
those having
carbon chain
lengths ranging
from one to and
including five,
with varying
amounts and
positions of
chlorine
substitution.
(This listing
does not include
wastewaters,
wastewater
treatment
sludges, spent
catalysts, and
wastes listed in
Sec. 261.31 or
Sec. 261.32.).
* * * * * * *
F032........... Wastewaters Acenaphthene.............................. 83-32-9 0.059.......................... 3.4
(except those Anthracene................................ 120-12-7 0.059.......................... 3.4
that have not Benz(a)anthracene......................... 56-55-3 0.059.......................... 3.4
come into contact Benzo(b)fluoranthene (difficult to 205-99-2 0.11........................... 6.8
with process distinguish from benzo(k) fluoranthene).
contaminants), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (difficult to
process distinguish from benzo(b) fluoranthene). 207-08-9 0.11........................... 6.8
residuals, Benzo(a)pyrene............................
preservative Chrysene..................................
drippage, and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene..................... 50-32-8 0.061.......................... 3.4
spent 2-4-Dimethyl phenol....................... 218-01-9 0.059.......................... 3.4
formulations from Fluorene.................................. 53-70-3 0.055.......................... 8.2
wood preserving Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins............... 105-67-9 0.036.......................... 14
processes Hexachlorodibenzofurans................... 86-73-7 0.059.......................... 3.4
generated at Indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene................. NA 0.000063 or CMBST \11\......... 0.001 or CMBST \11\
plants that Naphthalene............................... NA 0.000063 or CMBST \11\......... 0.001 or CMBST \11\
currently use or Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins.............. 193-39-5 0.0055......................... 3.4
have previously Pentachlorodibenzofurans.................. 91-20-3 0.059.......................... 5.6
used Pentachlorophenol......................... NA 0.000063 or CMBST \11\......... 0.001 or CMBST \11\
chlorophenolic Phenanthrene.............................. NA 0.000035 or CMBST \11\......... 0.001 or CMBST \11\
formulations Phenol.................................... 87-86-5 0.089.......................... 7.4
(except Pyrene.................................... 85-01-8 0.059.......................... 5.6
potentially cross- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins.............. 108-95-2 0.039.......................... 6.2
contaminated Tetrachlorodibenzofurans.................. 129-00-0 0.067.......................... 8.2
wastes that have 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol................. NA 0.000063 or CMBST \11\......... 0.001 or CMBST \11\
had the F032 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol..................... NA 0.000063 or CMBST \11\......... 0.001 or CMBST \11\
waste code Arsenic................................... 58-90-2 0.030.......................... 7.4
deleted in Chromium (Total).......................... 88-06-2 0.035.......................... 7.4
accordance with 7440-38-2 1.4............................ 5.0 mg/l TCLP
Sec. 261.35 of 7440-47-3 2.77........................... 0.86 mg/lTCLP
this chapter or
potentially cross-
contaminated
wastes that are
otherwise
currently
regulated as
hazardous wastes
(i.e., F034 or
F035), and where
the generator
does not resume
or initiate use
of chlorophenolic
formulations).
This listing does
not include K001
bottom sediment
sludge from the
treatment of
wastewater from
wood preserving
processes that
use creosote and/
or penta-
chlorophenol.
[[Page 26024]]
F034........... Wastewaters Acenaphthene.............................. 83-32-9 0.059.......................... 3.4
(except those Anthracene................................ 120-12-7 0.059.......................... 3.4
that have not Benz(a)anthracene......................... 56-55-3 0.059.......................... 3.4
come into contact Benzo(b)fluoranthene (difficult to 205-99-2 0.11........................... 6.8
with process distinguish from benzo(k)fluoranthene).
contaminants), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (difficult to
process distinguish from benzo(b)fluoranthene). 207-08-9 0.11........................... 6.8
residuals, Benzo(a)pyrene............................
preservative Chrysene..................................
drippage, and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene..................... 50-32-8 0.061.......................... 3.4
spent Fluorene.................................. 218-01-9 0.059.......................... 3.4
formulations from Indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene................. 53-70-3 0.055.......................... 8.2
wood preserving Naphthalene............................... 86-73-7 0.059.......................... 3.4
processes Phenanthrene.............................. 193-39-5 0.0055......................... 3.4
generated at Pyrene.................................... 91-20-3 0.059.......................... 5.6
plants that use Arsenic................................... 85-01-8 0.059.......................... 5.6
creosote Chromium (Total).......................... 129-00-0 0.067.......................... 8.2
formulations. 7440-38-2 1.4............................ 5.0 mg/l TCLP
This listing does 7440-47-3 2.77........................... 0.86 mg/l TCLP
not include K001
bottom sediment
sludge from the
treatment of
wastewater from
wood preserving
processes that
use creosote and/
or
pentachlorophenol.
F035........... Wastewaters Arsenic................................... 7440-38-2 1.4............................ 5.0 mg/l TCLP
(except those Chromium (Total).......................... 7440-47-3 2.77........................... 0.86 mg/l TCLP
that have not
come into contact
with process
contaminants),
process
residuals,
preservative
drippage, and
spent
formulations from
wood preserving
processes
processes
generated at
plants that use
inorganic
preservatives
containing
arsenic or
chromium. This
listing does not
include K001
bottom sediment
sludge from the
treatment of
wastewater from
wood preserving
processes that
use creosote and/
or
pentachlorophenol.
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Footnotes to Treatment Standards Table 268.40:
\1\ The waste descriptions provided in this table do not replace waste descriptions in 40 CFR part 261. Descriptions of Treatment/Regulatory
Subcategories are provided, as needed, to distinguish between applicability of different standards.
\2\ CAS means Chemical Abstract Services. When the waste code and/or regulated constituents are described as a combination of a chemical with its salts
and/or esters, the CAS number is given for the parent compound only.
\3\ Concentration standards for wastewaters are expressed in mg/l and are based on analysis of composite samples.
\4\ All treatment standards expressed as a Technology Code or combination of Technology Codes are explained in detail in Sec. 268.42 Table 1--
Technology Codes and Descriptions of Technology-Based Standards.
\5\ Except for Metals (EP or TCLP) and Cyanides (Total and Amenable) the nonwastewater treatment standards expressed as a concentration were
established, in part, based upon incineration in units operated in accordance with the technical requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O, or part
265, subpart O, or based upon combustion in fuel substitution units operating in accordance with applicable technical requirements. A facility may
comply with these treatment standards according to provisions in Sec. 268.40(d). All concentration standards for nonwastewaters are based on analysis
of grab samples.
\6\ Where an alternate treatment standard or set of alternate standards has been indicated, a facility may comply with this alternate standard, but only
for the Treatment/Regulatory Subcategory or physical form (i.e., wastewater and/or nonwastewater) specified for that alternate standard.
\7\ Both Cyanides (Total) and Cyanides (Amenable) for nonwastewaters are to be analyzed using Method 9010 or 9012, found in ``Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods'', EPA Publication SW-846, as incorporated by reference in 40 CFR 260.11, with a sample size of 10
grams and a distillation time of one hour and 15 minutes.
\8\ These wastes, when rendered nonhazardous and then subsequently managed in CWA, or CWA-equivalent systems are not subject to treatment standards.
(See Sec. 268.1(c) (3) and (4)).
\9\ These wastes, when rendered nonhazardous and then subsequently injected in a Class I SDWA well are not subject to treatment standards. (See 40 CFR
part 148.1(d)).
\10\ Between August 26, 1996, and August 26, 1997, the treatment standard for this waste may be satisfied by either meeting the constituent
concentrations in this table or by treating the waste by the specified technologies: combustion, as defined by the technolgy code CMBST at Sec.
268.42 Table 1 of this part, for nonwastewaters; and, biodegradation as definded by the technolgy code BIODG, carbon adsorption as defined by the
technology code CARBN, chemical oxidation as defined by the technology code CHOXD, or combustion as defined as technolgy code CMBST at Sec. 268.42
Table 1 of this part, for wastewaters.
[[Page 26025]]
\11\ For these wastes, the definition of CMBST is limited to: (1) combustion units operating under 40 CFR 266, (2) combustion units permitted under 40
CFR Part 264, Subpart O, or (3) combustion units operating under 40 CFR 265, Subpart O, which have obtained a determination of equivalent treatment
under 268.42(b).
* * * * *
Sec. 268.42 [Amended]
16. Section 268.42 is amended by adding the entry ``POLYM'' into
Table 1.-- Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based
Standards, in alphabetical order, to read as follows:
* * * * *
Table 1.--Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technology code Description of technology-based standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * *
* * *
POLYM:....................... Formation of complex high-molecular
weight solids through polymerization of
monomers in high-TOC D001 non-
wastewaters which are chemical
components in the manufacture of
plastics.
* * * *
* * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
17. Section 268.44 is amended by revising both entries in the ``see
also'' column of the table in paragraph (o) to read ``Sec. 268.40'' and
by revising the introductory language of paragraph (o) and the heading
of the table in paragraph (o) to read as follows:
Sec. 268.44 Variance from a treatment standard.
* * * * *
(o) The following facilities are excluded from the treatment
standards under Sec. 268.40 and are subject to the following
constituent concentrations:
Table--Wastes Excluded from the Treatment Standards Under
Sec. 268.40.
* * * * *
Appendices I, II, III, and X to Part 268 [Removed and Reserved]
18. Appendices I, II, III, and X to part 268 are removed and
reserved.
19. The introductory language of appendix VI to part 268 is revised
to read as follows:
Appendix VI to Part 268--Recommended Technologies to Achieve
Deactivation of Characteristics in Section 268.42
The treatment standard for many characteristic wastes is stated
in the Sec. 268.40 Table of Treatment Standards as ``Deactivation
and meet UTS.'' EPA has determined that many technologies, when used
alone or in combination, can achieve the deactivation portion of the
treatment standard. Characteristic wastes that are not managed in a
facility regulated by the Clean Water Act (CWA) or in a CWA-
equivalent facility, and that also contain underlying hazardous
constituents (see Sec. 268.2(i)) must be treated not only by a
``deactivating'' technology to remove the characteristic, but also
to achieve the universal treatment standards (UTS) for underlying
hazardous constituents. The following appendix presents a partial
list of technologies, utilizing the five letter technology codes
established in 40 CFR 268.42 Table 1, that may be useful in meeting
the treatment standard. Use of these specific technologies is not
mandatory and does not preclude direct reuse, recovery, and/or the
use of other pretreatment technologies, provided deactivation is
achieved and underlying hazardous constituents are treated to
achieve the UTS.
* * * * *
20. Appendix VII to Part 268 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix VII to Part 268--LDR Effective Dates of Surface Disposed
Prohibited Hazardous Wastes
Table 1.--Effective Dates of Surface Disposed Wastes (Non-Soil and Debris) Regulated in the LDRS a--
Comprehensive List
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waste code Waste category Effective date
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D001 c................................ All (except High TOC Ignitable Liquids). Aug. 9, 1993.
D001.................................. High TOC Ignitable Liquids.............. Aug. 8, 1990.
D002 c................................ All..................................... Aug. 9, 1993.
D003 e................................ All..................................... July 8, 1996.
D004.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
D004.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1992.
D005.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
D006.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
D007.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
D008.................................. Lead materials before secondary smelting May 8, 1992.
[[Page 26026]]
D008.................................. All others.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
D009.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
D009.................................. All others.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
D010.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
D011.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
D012 (that exhibit the toxicity All..................................... Dec. 14, 1994.
characteristic based on the TCLP) d.
D013 (that exhibit the toxicity All..................................... Dec. 14, 1994.
characteristic based on the TCLP) d.
D014 (that exhibit the toxicity All..................................... Dec. 14, 1994.
characteristic based on the TCLP) d.
D015 (that exhibit the toxicity All..................................... Dec. 14, 1994.
characteristic based on the TCLP) d.
D016 (that exhibit the toxicity All..................................... Dec. 14, 1994.
characteristic based on the TCLP) d.
D017 (that exhibit the toxicity All..................................... Dec. 14, 1994.
characteristic based on the TCLP) d.
D018.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D018.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D019.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D019.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D020.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D020.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D021.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D021.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D022.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D022.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D023.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D023.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D024.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D024.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D025.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D025.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D026.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D026.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D027.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D027.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D028.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D028.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D029.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D029.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D030.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19. 1996.
D030.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D031.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D031.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D032.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D032.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D033.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D033.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D034.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D034.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D035.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D035.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D036.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D036.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D037.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D037.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D038.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D038.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D039.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D039.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D040.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D040.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D041.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D041.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D042.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D042.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
D043.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sept. 19, 1996.
D043.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
[[Page 26027]]
F001.................................. Small quantity generators, CERCLA Nov. 8, 1988.
response/RCRA corrective action,
initial generator's solvent-water
mixtures, solvent-containing sludges
and solids.
F001.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 8, 1986.
F002 (1,1,2-trichloroethane).......... Wastewater and Nonwastewater............ Aug. 8, 1990.
F002.................................. Small quantity generators, CERCLA Nov. 8, 1988.
response/RCRA corrective action,
initial generator's solvent-water
mixtures, solvent-containing sludges
and solids.
F002.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 8, 1986.
F003.................................. Small quantity generators, CERCLA Nov. 8, 1988.
response/RCRA corrective action,
initial generator's solvent-water
mixtures, solvent-containing sludges
and solids.
F003.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 8, 1986.
F004.................................. Small quantity generators, CERCLA Nov. 8, 1988.
response/RCRA corrective action,
initial generator's solvent-water
mixtures, solvent-containing sludges
and solids.
F004.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 8, 1986.
F005 (benzene, 2-ethoxy ethanol, 2- Wastewater and Nonwastewater............ Aug. 8, 1990.
nitropropane).
F005.................................. Small quantity generators, CERCLA Nov. 8, 1988.
response/RCRA corrective action,
initial generator's solvent-water
mixtures, solvent-containing sludges
and solids.
F005.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 8, 1986.
F006.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
F006.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
F006 (cyanides)....................... Nonwastewater........................... July 8, 1989.
F007.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1989.
F008.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1989.
F009.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1989.
F010.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
F011 (cyanides)....................... Nonwastewater........................... Dec. 8, 1989.
F011.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1989.
F012 (cyanides)....................... Nonwastewater........................... Dec. 8, 1989.
F012.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1989.
F019.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
F020.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1988.
F021.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1988.
F025.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
F026.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1988.
F027.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1988.
F028.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1988.
F032.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... May 12, 1999
F032.................................. All others.............................. May 12, 1997
F033.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... May 12, 1999
F033.................................. All others.............................. May 12, 1997
F034.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... May 12, 1999
F034.................................. All others.............................. May 12, 1997
F037.................................. Not generated from surface impoundment June 30, 1993.
cleanouts or closures.
F037.................................. Generated from surface impoundment June 30, 1994.
cleanouts or closures.
F037.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
F038.................................. Not generated from surface impoundment June 30, 1993.
cleanouts or closures.
F038.................................. Generated from surface impoundment June 30, 1994.
cleanouts or closures.
F038.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
F039.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
F039.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
K001 (organics) b..................... All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K001.................................. All others.............................. Aug. 8, 1988.
K002.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K003.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K004.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K004.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K005.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K005.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
K006.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K007.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K007.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
K008.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K008.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K009.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K010.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K011.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K011.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
[[Page 26028]]
K013.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K013.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
K014.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K014.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
K015.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1988.
K015.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K016.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K017.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K018.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K019.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K020.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K021.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K021.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K022.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K022.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K023.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K024.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K025.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K025.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K026.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K027.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K028 (metals)......................... Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K028.................................. All others.............................. June 8, 1989.
K029.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K029.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
K030.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K031.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K031.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
K032.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K033.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K034.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K035.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K036.................................. Wastewater.............................. June 8, 1989.
K036.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K037 b................................ Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1988.
K037.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K038.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K039.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K040.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K041.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K042.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K043.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K044.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K045.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K046 (Nonreactive).................... Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K046.................................. All others.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K047.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K048.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K048.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Nov. 8, 1990.
K049.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K049.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Nov. 8, 1990.
K050.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K050.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Nov. 8, 1990.
K051.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K051.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Nov. 8, 1990.
K052.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K052.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Nov. 8, 1990.
K060.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K060.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K061.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K061.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 30, 1992.
K062.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K069 (Non-Calcium Sulfate)............ Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K069.................................. All others.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K071.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K073.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K083.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K084.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K084.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
K085.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K086 (organics) b..................... All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
[[Page 26029]]
K086.................................. All others.............................. Aug. 8, 1988.
K087.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K088.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
K088.................................. All others.............................. Jan. 8, 1997.
K093.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K094.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K095.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K095.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
K096.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K096.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1989.
K097.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K098.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K099.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K100.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K100.................................. Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K101 (organics)....................... Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1988.
K101 (metals)......................... Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K101 (organics)....................... Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K101 (metals)......................... Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
K102 (organics)....................... Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1988.
K102 (metals)......................... Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K102 (organics)....................... Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K102 (metals)......................... Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
K103.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K104.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1988.
K105.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K106.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
K106.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
K107.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K107.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K108.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K108.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K109.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K109.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K110.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K110.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K111.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K111.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K112.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K112.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K113.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K114.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K115.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K116.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
K117.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K117.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K118.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K118.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K123.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K123.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K124.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K124.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K125.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K125.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K126.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K126.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K131.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K131.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K132.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K132.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K136.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
K136.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
K141.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K141.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K142.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996..
K142.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K143.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K143.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K144.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K144.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K145.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
[[Page 26030]]
K145.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K147.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K147.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K148.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K148.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K149.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K149.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K150.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K150.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K151.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Sep. 19, 1996.
K151.................................. All others.............................. Dec. 19, 1994.
K156.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
K156.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
K157.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
K157.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
K158.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
K158.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
K159.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
K159.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
K160.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
K160.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
K161.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
K161.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P001.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P002.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P003.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P004.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P005.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P006.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P007.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P008.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P009.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P010.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P010.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
P011.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P011.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
P012.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P012.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
P013 (barium)......................... Nonwastewater........................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P013.................................. All others.............................. June 8, 1989.
P014.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P015.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P016.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P017.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P018.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P020.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P021.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P022.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P023.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P024.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P026.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P027.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P028.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P029.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P030.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P031.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P033.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P034.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P036.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P036.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
P037.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P038.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P038.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
P039.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P040.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P041.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P042.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P043.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P044.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P045.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P046.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
[[Page 26031]]
P047.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P048.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P049.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P050.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P051.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P054.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P056.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P057.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P058.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P059.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P060.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P062.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P063.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P064.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P065.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P065.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
P066.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P067.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P068.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P069.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P070.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P071.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P072.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P073.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P074.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P075.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P076.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P077.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P078.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P081.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P082.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P084.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P085.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P087.................................. All..................................... May 8, 1992.
P088.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P089.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P092.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P092.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
P093.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P094.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P095.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P096.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P097.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P098.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P099 (silver)......................... Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P099.................................. All others.............................. June 8, 1989.
P101.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P102.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P103.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P104 (silver)......................... Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
P104.................................. All others.............................. June 8, 1989.
P105.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P106.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P108.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P109.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P110.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P111.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P112.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P113.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P114.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P115.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P116.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P118.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P119.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P120.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P121.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
P122.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P123.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
P127.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P127.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P128.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
[[Page 26032]]
P128.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P185.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P185.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P188.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P188.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P189.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P189.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P190.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P190.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P191.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P191.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P192.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P192.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P194.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P194.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P196.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P196.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P197.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P197.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P198.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P198.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P199.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P199.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P201.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P201.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P202.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P202.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P203.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P203.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P204.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P204.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
P205.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
P205.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U001.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U002.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U003.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U004.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U005.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U006.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U007.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U008.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U009.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U010.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U011.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U012.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U014.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U015.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U016.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U017.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U018.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U019.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U020.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U021.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U022.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U023.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U024.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U025.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U026.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U027.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U028.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U029.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U030.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U031.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U032.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U033.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U034.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U035.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U036.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U037.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U038.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U039.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
[[Page 26033]]
U041.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U042.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U043.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U044.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U045.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U046.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U047.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U048.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U049.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U050.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U051.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U052.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U053.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U055.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U056.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U057.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U058.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U059.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U060.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U061.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U062.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U063.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U064.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U066.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U067.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U068.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U069.................................. All..................................... June 30, 1992.
U070.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U071.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U072.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U073.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U074.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U075.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U076.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U077.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U078.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U079.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U080.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U081.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U082.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U083.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U084.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U085.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U086.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U087.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U088.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U089.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U090.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U091.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U092.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U093.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U094.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U095.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U096.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U097.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U098.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U099.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U101.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U102.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U103.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U105.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U106.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U107.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U108.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U109.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U110.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U111.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U112.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U113.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U114.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U115.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
[[Page 26034]]
U116.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U117.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U118.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U119.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U120.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U121.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U122.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U123.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U124.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U125.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U126.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U127.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U128.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U129.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U130.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U131.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U132.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U133.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U134.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U135.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U136.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
U136.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
U137.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U138.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U140.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U141.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U142.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U143.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U144.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U145.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U146.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U147.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U148.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U149.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U150.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U151.................................. Wastewater.............................. Aug. 8, 1990.
U151.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
U152.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U153.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U154.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U155.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U156.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U157.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U158.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U159.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U160.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U161.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U162.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U163.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U164.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U165.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U166.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U167.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U168.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U169.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U170.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U171.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U172.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U173.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U174.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U176.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U177.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U178.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U179.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U180.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U181.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U182.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U183.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U184.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U185.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U186.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
[[Page 26035]]
U187.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U188.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U189.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U190.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U191.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U192.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U193.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U194.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U196.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U197.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U200.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U201.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U202.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U203.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U204.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U205.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U206.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U207.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U208.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U209.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U210.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U211.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U213.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U214.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U215.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U216.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U217.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U218.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U219.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U220.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U221.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U222.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U223.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U225.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U226.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U227.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U228.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U234.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U235.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1989.
U236.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U237.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U238.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U239.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U240.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U243.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U244.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U246.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U247.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U248.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U249.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
U271.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U271.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U277.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U277.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U278.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U278.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U279.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U279.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U280.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U280.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U328.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
U328.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
U353.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
U353.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
U359.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... June 30, 1994.
U359.................................. All others.............................. Nov. 9, 1992.
U364.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U364.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U365.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U365.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U366.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
[[Page 26036]]
U366.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U367.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U367.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U372.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U372.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U373.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U373.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U375.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U375.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U376.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U376.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U377.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U377.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U378.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U378.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U379.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U379.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U381.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U381.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U382.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U382.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U383.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U383.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U384.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U384.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U385.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U385.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U386.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U386.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U387.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U387.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U389.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U389.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U390.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U390.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U391.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U391.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U392.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U392.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U393.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U393.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U394.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U394.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U395.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U395.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U396.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U396.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U400.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U400.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U401.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U401.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U402.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U402.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U403.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U403.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U404.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U404.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U407.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U407.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U409.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U409.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U410.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U410.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
U411.................................. Mixed with radioactive wastes........... Apr. 8, 1998.
U411.................................. All others.............................. July 8, 1996.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a This table does not include mixed radioactive wastes (from the First, Second, and Third Third rules) which
received national capacity variance until May 8, 1992. This table also does not include contaminated soil and
debris wastes.
b The standard was revised in the Third Third Final Rule (55 FR 22520, June 1, 1990).
c The standard was revised in the Third Third Emergency Rule (58 FR 29860, May 24, 1993); the original effective
date was August 8, 1990.
d The standard was revised in the Phase II Final Rule (59 FR 47982, Sept. 19, 1994); the original effective date
was August 8, 1990.
[[Page 26037]]
e The standards for selected reactive wastes was revised in the Phase III Final Rule (61 FR 15566, Apr. 8,
1996); the original effective date was August 8, 1990.
Table 2.--Summary of Effective Dates of Land Disposal Restrictions for
Contaminated Soil and Debris (CSD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restricted hazardous waste in CSD Effective date
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Solvent-(F001-F005) and dioxin-(F020-F023 Nov. 8, 1990.
and F026-F028) containing soil and debris
from CERCLA response or RCRA corrective
actions.
2. Soil and debris not from CERCLA response Nov. 8, 1988.
or RCRA corrective actions contaminated with
less than 1% total solvents (F001-F005) or
dioxins (F020-F023 and F026-F028).
3 All soil and debris contaminated with First Aug. 8, 1990.
Third wastes for which treatment standards
are based on incineration.
4. All soil and debris contaminated with June 8, 1991.
Second Third wastes for which treatment
standards are based on incineration.
5. All soil and debris contaminated with May 8, 1992.
Third Third wastes or, First or Second Third
``soft hammer'' wastes which had treatment
standards promulgated in the Third Third
rule, for which treatment standards are
based on incineration, vitrification, or
mercury retorting, acid leaching followed by
chemical precipitation, or thermal recovery
of metals; as well as all inorganic solids
debris contaminated with D004-D011 wastes,
and all soil and debris contaminated with
mixed RCRA/radioactive wastes.
6. Soil and debris contaminated with D012- Dec. 19, 1994.
D043, K141-K145, and K147-151 wastes.
7. Debris (only) contaminated with F037, Dec. 19, 1994
F038, K107-K112, K117, K118, K123-K126,
K131, K132, K136, U328, U353, U359.
8. Soil and debris contaminated with K156- July 8, 1996.
K161, P127, P128, P188-P192, P194, P196-
P199, P201-P205, U271, U277-U280, U364-U367,
U372, U373, U375-U379, U381-U387, U389-U396,
U400-U404, U407, and U409-U411 wastes.
9. Soil and debris contaminated with K088 Jan. 8, 1997.
wastes.
10. Soil and debris contaminated with April 8, 1998.
radioactive wastes mixed with K088, K156-
K161, P127, P128, P188-P192, P194, P196-
P199, P201-P205, U271, U277-U280, U364-U367,
U372, U373, U375-U379, U381-U387, U389-U396,
U400-U404, U407, and U409-U411 wastes.
11. Soil and debris contaminated with F032, May 12, 1997.
F034, and F035.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Appendix VII is provided for the convenience of the reader.
21. Appendix VIII to Part 268 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix VIII to Part 268--LDR Effective Dates of Surface Disposed
Prohibited Hazardous Wastes
National Capacity LDR Variances for UIC Wastes a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waste code Waste category Effective date
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F001-F005............................. All spent F001-F005 solvent containing Aug. 8, 1990.
less than 1 percent total F001-F005
solvent constituents.
D001 (except High TOC Ignitable All..................................... Feb. 10, 1994.
Liquids Subcategory)c.
D001 (High TOC Ignitable Nonwastewater........................... Sept. 19, 1995.
Characteristic Liquids Subcategory).
D002b................................. All..................................... May 8, 1992.
D002c................................. All..................................... Feb. 10, 1994.
D003 (cyanides)....................... All..................................... May 8, 1992.
D003 (sulfides)....................... All..................................... May 8, 1992.
D003 (explosives, reactives).......... All..................................... May 8, 1992.
D007.................................. All..................................... May 8, 1992.
D009.................................. Nonwastewater........................... May 8, 1992.
D012.................................. All..................................... Sept. 19, 1995.
D013.................................. All..................................... Sept. 19, 1995.
D014.................................. All..................................... Sept. 19, 1995.
D015.................................. All..................................... Sept. 19, 1995.
D016.................................. All..................................... Sept. 19, 1995.
D017.................................. All..................................... Sept. 19, 1995.
D018.................................. All, including mixed with radioactive Apr. 8, 1998.
wastes.
D019.................................. All, including mixed with radioactive Apr. 8, 1998.
wastes.
D020.................................. All, including mixed with radioactive Apr. 8, 1998.
wastes.
D021.................................. All, including mixed with radioactive Apr. 8, 1998.
wastes.
D022.................................. All, including mixed with radioactive Apr. 8, 1998.
wastes.
D023.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D024.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D025.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D026.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D027.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D028.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
[[Page 26038]]
D029.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D030.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D031.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D032.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D033.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D034.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D035.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D036.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D037.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D038.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D039.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D040.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D041.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D042.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
D043.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. Apr. 8, 1998.
F007.................................. All..................................... June 8, 1991.
F032.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. May 12, 1999.
F034.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. May 12,1999.
F035.................................. All, including mixed radioactive wastes. May 12, 1999.
F037.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1992.
F038.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1992.
F039.................................. Wastewater.............................. May 8, 1992.
K009.................................. Wastewater.............................. June 8, 1991.
K011.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1991.
K011.................................. Wastewater.............................. May 8, 1992.
K011.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1991.
K011.................................. Wastewater.............................. May 8, 1992.
K013.................................. Nonwastewater........................... June 8, 1991.
K013.................................. Wastewater.............................. May 8, 1992.
K014.................................. All..................................... May 8, 1992.
K016 (dilute)......................... All..................................... June 8, 1991.
K049.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K050.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K051.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K052.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K062.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K071.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K088.................................. All..................................... Jan. 8, 1997.
K104.................................. All..................................... Aug. 8, 1990.
K107.................................. All..................................... Nov. 8, 1992.
K108.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K109.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K110.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K111.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K112.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K117.................................. All..................................... June 30, 1995.
K118.................................. All..................................... June 30, 1995.
K123.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K124.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K125.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K126.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K131.................................. All..................................... June 30, 1995.
K132.................................. All..................................... June 30, 1995.
K136.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
K141.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K142.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K143.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K144.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K145.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K147.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K148.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K149.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K150.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K151.................................. All..................................... Dec. 19, 1994.
K156.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
K157.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
K158.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
K159.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
K160.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
K161.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P127.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P128.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
[[Page 26039]]
P185.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P188.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P189.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P190.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P191.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P192.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P194.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P196.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P197.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P198.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P199.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P201.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P202.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P203.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P204.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
P205.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U271.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U277.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U278.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U279.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U280.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U328.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
U353.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
U359.................................. All..................................... Nov. 9, 1992.
U364.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U365.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U366.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U367.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U372.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U373.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U375.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U376.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U377.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U378.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U379.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U381.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U382.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U383.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U384.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U385.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U386.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U387.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U389.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U390.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U391.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U392.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U395.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U396.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U400.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U401.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U402.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U403.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U404.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U407.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U409.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U410.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
U411.................................. All..................................... July 8, 1996.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Wastes that are deep well disposed on-site receive a six-month variance, with restrictions effective in
November 1990.
b Deepwell injected D002 liquids with a pH less than 2 must meet the California List treatment standards on
August 8, 1990.
c Managed in systems defined in 40 CFR 144.6(e) and 14.6(e) as Class V injection wells, that do not engage in
CWA-equivalent treatment before injection.
Note: This table is provided for the convenience of the reader.
PART 271--REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTHORIZATION OF STATE HAZARDOUS WASTE
PROGRAMS
22. The authority citation for Part 271 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 9602; 33 U.S.C. 1321 and 1361.
Subpart A--Requirements for Final Authorization
23. Section 271.1(j) is amended by adding the following entries to
Table 1 in chronological order by effective date in the Federal
Register, and by adding
[[Page 26040]]
the following entries to Table 2 in chronological order by date of
publication in the Federal Register, to read as follows:
Sec. 271.1 Purpose and scope.
* * * * *
(j) * * *
Table 1.--Regulations Implementing the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal
Promulgation date Title of regulation Register Effective date
reference
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * *
*
May 12, 1997............................. Land Disposal Restrictions 62 FR 26040 August 11, 1997.
for Wood Preserving Wastes
and Paperwork Reductions.
* * * * * *
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2.--Self-Implementing Provisions of the Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective date Self-implementing provision RCRA citation Federal Register reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
August 11, 1997......................... Prohibition on land 3004(g)(4)(c) and 3004 (m)........................... May 12, 1997.
disposal of wood 62 FR 26040
preserving wastes.
May 12, 1999............................ Prohibition on land 3004(m).............................................. Do.
disposal of radioactive
waste and soil and debris
mixed with wood preserving
wastes.
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 97-11636 Filed 5-9-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P