[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 86 (Monday, May 5, 1997)]
[Notices]
[Pages 24533-24548]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-11662]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration


Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty 
Actions; Publication

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of publication.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of 
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty 
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by 
subject matter, and case digests that contain identifying information 
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator. 
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the 
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders. Also, 
the publication of these indexes and digests should assist litigants 
and practitioners in their research and review of decisions and orders 
that may have precedential value in a particular civil penalty action. 
Publication of the index by order number, as supplemented by the index 
by subject matter, ensures that the agency is in compliance with 
statutory indexing requirements.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief 
Counsel for Litigation (AGC-400), Federal Aviation Administration, 400 
7th Street, SW., Suite PL 200-A, Washington, DC 20590: telephone (202) 
366-4118.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires 
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection 
and copying current indexes containing identifying information 
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in 
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced 
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide 
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and 
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty 
actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G.
    The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and 
containing identifying information about each decision or order. The 
FAA also maintains a subject

[[Page 24534]]

matter index, and digests organized by order number.
    In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, The FAA published these 
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator through September 30, 1990, 55 FR 45984; October 31, 
1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would publish 
supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis (i.e., in 
January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA announced 
further in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be 
published cumulatively, and that both the order number index and the 
digests would be non-cumulative. Subsequently, the FAA announced that 
for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the order number 
indexes published in January would reflect all of the civil penalty 
decisions for the previous year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.
    The indexes of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil 
penalty cases have been published as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Dates of quarter               Federal Register publication  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/1/89-9/30/90.......................  55 FR 45984; 10/31/90.          
10/1/90-12/31/90......................  56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.            
1/1/91-3/31/91........................  56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.            
4/1/91-6/30/91........................  56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.           
7/1/91-9/30/91........................  56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.          
10/1/91-12/31/91......................  57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.            
1/1/92-3/31/92........................  57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.            
4/1/92-6/30/92........................  57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.           
7/1/92-9/30/92........................  57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.          
10/1/92-12/31/92......................  58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.            
1/1/93-3/31/93........................  58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.           
4/1/93-6/30/93........................  58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.            
7/1/93-9/30/93........................  58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.          
10/1/93-12/31/93......................  59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.             
1/1/94-3/31/94........................  59 FR 22196; 4/29/94.           
4/1/94-6/30/94........................  59 FR 39618; 8/3/94.            
7/1/94-12/31/94.......................  60 FR 4454; 1/23/95.            
1/1/95-3/31/95........................  60 FR 19318; 4/17/95.           
4/1/95-6/30/95........................  60 FR 36854; 7/18/95.           
7/1/95-9/30/95........................  60 FR 53228; 10/12/95.          
10/1/95-12/31/95......................  61 FR 1972; 1/24/96.            
1/1/96-3/31/96........................  61 FR 16955; 4/18/96.           
4/1/96-6/30/96........................  61 FR 37526; 7/18/96.           
7/1/96-9/30/96........................  61 FR 54833; 10/22/96.          
10/1/96-12/31/96......................  62 FR 2434; 1/16/97.            
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The civil penalty decisions and orders have been published by 
commercial publishers (Hawkins Publishing Company and Clark Boardman 
Callahan) and are available on computer on-line services (Westlaw, 
LEXIS, Compuserve and FedWorld). (Information about these commercial 
publications and computer databases is provided at the end of this 
notice.) Also, the Administrator's final decision and orders, indexes, 
and digests are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA 
legal offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at 
the end of this notice.)

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Order Number Index

    (This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator from January 1, 1997, to March 31, 1997.)

91-1  Midtown Neon Sign Corp.
    1/8/97  CP94EA0057
92-2  Sanford Air
    1/8/97  CP95NE0301
97-3  [Airport Operator]
    1/8/97  CP94**0032
97-4  [Airport Operator]
    1/14/97  CP96**0043
97-5  Westair Commuter Airlines d/b/a/ United Express
    1/31/97  CP96WP0102
97-6  WRA, Inc.
    2/7/97  CP95EA0193
97-7  Ronald Victor Stalling
    2/20/97  CP96WP0083
97-8  Pacific Aviation d/b/a/ Inter-Island Helicopters
    2/20/97  CP95WP0049
97-9  Alphin Aircraft, Inc.
    2/20/97  CP93EA0334
97-10  Alphin Aircraft, Inc.
    2/20/97  CP94EA0183
97-11  Hampton Air Transport Systems, Inc.
    2/20/97  CP94EA0194
97-12  David H. Mayer
    2/20/97  CP95NM0122
97-13  Westair Commuter Airlines, Inc.
    2/26/97  CP96WP0102

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Subject Matter Index

(Current as of March 31, 1997)

Administrative Law Judges--Power and Authority:                                                                 
    Authority to extend deadlines......................  95-28 Atlantic.                                        
    Continuance of hearing.............................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.            
    Credibility findings...............................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley   
                                                          Air; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 95-25 Conquest;  
                                                          95-26 Hereth.                                         
    Default Judgment...................................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez;
                                                          94-22 Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond.           
    Discovery..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
    Expert Testimony...................................  94-21 Sweeney.                                         
    Granting extensions of time........................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Hearing location...................................  92-50 Cullop.                                          
    Hearing request....................................  93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37        
                                                          Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                                
    Initial Decision...................................  92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.                         
    Jurisdiction:                                                                                               
        Generally......................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32     
                                                          Barnhill.                                             
        After issuance of order assessing civil penalty  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
        After complaint withdrawn......................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
    Motion for Decision................................  92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 
                                                          Merkley; 96-24 Horizon.                               
    Notice of Hearing..................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
    Sanction...........................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22 
                                                          Harkins; 94-28 Toyota.                                
    Vacate initial decision............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.         
Aerial Photography.....................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters.                            
Agency Attorney........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
Air Carrier:                                                                                                    
    Agent/independent contractor of....................  92-70 USAir.                                           

[[Page 24535]]

                                                                                                                
    Careless or Reckless...............................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
    Duty of care:                                                                                               
        Non-delegable..................................  92-70 USAir; 96-16 Westair Commuter; 96-24 Horizon; 97-
                                                          8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopter.          
    Employee...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-  
                                                          Island Helicopters.                                   
    Ground Security Coordinator, Failure to provide....  96-16 WestAir Commuter.                                
Aircraft Maintenance (see also Airworthiness,                                                                   
 Maintenance Manual):                                                                                           
    Generally..........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural 
                                                          Aviation; 93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific Av. 
                                                          d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10    
                                                          Alphin; 97-11 Hampton.                                
    Acceptable methods, techniques, and practices......  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    After certificate revocation.......................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    Airworthiness Directive, compliance with...........  96-18 Kilrain; 97-9 Alphin.                            
    Inspection.........................................  96-18 Kilrain; 97-10 Alphin.                           
    Major/minor repairs................................  96-3 America West Airlines Hampton.                    
    Minimum Equipment List (MEL).......................  94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon; 97-11 Hampton.             
Aircraft Records:                                                                                               
    Aircraft Operation.................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
    Flight and Duty Time...............................  96-4 South Aero.                                       
    Maintenance Records................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.      
    ``Yellow tags''....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Aircraft-Weight and Balance (See Weight and Balance)                                                            
Airmen:                                                                                                         
    Pilots.............................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.                    
    Altitude deviation.................................  92-49 Richardson & Shimp.                              
    Careless or Reckless...............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-
                                                          29 Sweeney; 96-17 Fenner.                             
    Flight time limitations............................  93-11 Merkley.                                         
    Follow ATC Instruction.............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp.                                   
    Low Flight.........................................  92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.                         
    Owner's responsibility.............................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    See and Avoid......................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
Air Operations Area (AOA):                                                                                      
    Air Carrier:                                                                                                
        Responsibilities...............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Airport Operator:                                                                                           
        Responsibilities...............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1    
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
    Badge Display......................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.        
    Definition of......................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
    Exclusive Areas....................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
Airport Security Program (ASP):                                                                                 
    Compliance with....................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 96-1        
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
Airport Operator:                                                                                               
    Responsibilities...................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1    
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
Air Traffic Control (ATC):                                                                                      
    Error as mitigating factor.........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.                           
    Error as exonerating factor........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.              
    Ground Control.....................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
    Local Control......................................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Tapes & Transcripts................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.         
    Airworthiness......................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight         
                                                          Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11 
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-18 Kilrain; 94-
                                                          25 USAir; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island         
                                                          Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-11 Hampton.
Amicus Curiae Briefs...................................  90-25 Gabbert.                                         
Answer:                                                                                                         
    Timeliness of answer...............................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47        
                                                          Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5    
                                                          Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 94-43 Perez; 95-10
                                                          Diamond; 95-28 Atlantic.                              
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck.                            
Appeals (See also Timeliness; Mailing Rule):                                                                    

[[Page 24536]]

                                                                                                                
    Briefs, Generally..................................  89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-39 Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl;  
                                                          94-23 Perez; 95-13 Kilrain.                           
    Additional Appeal Brief............................  92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28    
                                                          Strohl; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94- 
                                                          29 Sutton.                                            
    Appeal dismissed as premature......................  95-19 Rayner.                                          
    Appeal dismissed as moot after complaint withdrawn.  92-9 Griffin.                                          
    Appellate arguments................................  92-70 USAir.                                           
    Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal Courts)                                                            
    ``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed Brief or Notice of     90-3 Metz; 90-17 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-
     Appeal.                                              24 Esau; 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3     
                                                          Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre
                                                          Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne Co. 
                                                          Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-
                                                          31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-25         
                                                          Conquest, 97-6 WRA Inc.; 97-7 Stalling.               
    Motion to Vacate construed as a brief..............  91-11 Continental Airlines.                            
    Perfecting an Appeal, generally....................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23     
                                                          Perez; 95-13 Kilrain; 96-5 Alphin Aircraft.           
        Extension of Time for (good cause for).........  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91- 
                                                          32 Bargen; 91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24   
                                                          Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez.                     
    Failure to.........................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird         
                                                          Accessories; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 
                                                          91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91- 
                                                          47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18
                                                          Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 
                                                          Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk      
                                                          Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78
                                                          TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31
                                                          Allen; 93-34 Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City        
                                                          Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French   
                                                          Aircraft; 94-34 American International Airways; 94-35 
                                                          American International Airways; 94-36 American        
                                                          International Airways; 95-4 Hanson; 95-22 & 96-5      
                                                          Alphin Aircraft; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 96-13 Winslow;
                                                          97-3 [Airport Operator], 97-6 WRA, Inc.               
        Notice of appeal construed as appeal brief.....  92-39 Beck; 94-15 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23       
                                                          Atlantic World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford
                                                          Air.                                                  
        What Constitutes...............................  90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23
                                                          Perez; 94-30 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23 Atlantic  
                                                          World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford Air.    
    Service of brief:                                                                                           
        Failure to serve other party...................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.                       
    Timeliness of Notice of Appeal.....................  90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart: 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69
                                                          McCabe: 93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse;  
                                                          95-15 Alphin Aviation; 96-14 Midtown Neon Sign Corp;  
                                                          97-7 Stalling.                                        
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5   
                                                          Sussman; 90-6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-
                                                          9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 
                                                          90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-
                                                          40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-
                                                          5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91-
                                                          15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21 Britt       
                                                          Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental  
                                                          Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28 
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35
                                                          M. Graham; 91-36; Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America 
                                                          West; 91-42 Pony Express: 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan;
                                                          91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-
                                                          2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12   
                                                          Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg; 92-  
                                                          22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air      
                                                          Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 
                                                          92-43 Delta Air Lines; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92- 
                                                          54 & 92-55 Northwest Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61  
                                                          Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-79
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14
                                                          Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22     
                                                          Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 
                                                          94-9 B&G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan American 
                                                          Airways; 94-13 Boyle; 94-14 B&G Instruments; 94-16    
                                                          Ford; 94-33 Trans World Airlines; 94-41 Dewey Towner; 
                                                          94-42 Taylor; 95-1 Diamond Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air   
                                                          Lines; 95-5 Araya; 95-6 Sutton; 95-7 Empire Airlines: 
                                                          95-20 USAir; 95-21 Faisca; 95-24 Delta Air Lines; 96-7
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 96-8 Empire Airlines; 96-10 USAir; 96-
                                                          11 USAir, 96-12 USAir; 96-21 Houseal; 97-4 [Airport   
                                                          Operator]; 97-5 WestAir.                              
Assault (see also Passenger Misconduct)................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
``Attempt''............................................  89-5 Schultz.                                          

[[Page 24537]]

                                                                                                                
Attorneys:                                                                                                      
    No right to assigned counsel (see Due Process)                                                              
Attorney Conduct:                                                                                               
    Obstreperous or Disruptive.........................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)                                                                                        
Aviation Safety Reporting System.......................  90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson &    
                                                          Shimp.                                                
Balloon (Hot Air)......................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                        
Bankruptcy.............................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
Battery................................................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
Certificates and Authorizations:                                                                                
    Surrender when revoked.............................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
Civil Air Security National Airport Inspection Program   91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
 (CASNAIP).                                               40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)                                                                             
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument)                                                                      
Collateral Estoppel....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Complaint:                                                                                                      
    Complainant Bound By...............................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.                              
    No Timely Answer to (See Answer)                                                                            
    Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction....................  94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.          
    Timeliness of complaint............................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.   
    Withdrawal of......................................  94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.                             
Compliance & Enforcement Program:                                                                               
    FAA Order No. 2150.3A).............................  89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 92-38 Esau; 92-5 
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Compliance/Enforcement Bulletin 92-3...............  96-19 [Air Carrier].                                   
    Sanction Guidance Table............................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37         
                                                          Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines. 
Concealment of Weapons (See Weapons Violations)                                                                 
Consolidation of Cases.................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.             
Constitutionality of Regulations (See also Double        90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
 Jeopardy).                                               90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 
                                                          96-1 [Airport Operator]; 96-25 USAir.                 
Continuance of Hearing.................................  90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.                         
Corrective Action (See Sanction)                                                                                
Credibility of Witnesses:                                                                                       
    Generally..........................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters; 95-26 Hereth.              
    Bias...............................................  97-9 Alphin.                                           
    Defer To ALJ determination of......................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 95-26 Hereth. 
    Expert witnesses (See also Witnesses)..............  90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf; 96-3 America West        
                                                          Airlines.                                             
    Impeachment........................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
De facto answer........................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Deliberative Process Privilege.........................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19           
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
Deterrence.............................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-11 Hampton.             
Discovery:                                                                                                      
    Deliberative Process Privilege.....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19           
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
    Depositions, generally.............................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
        Notice of deposition...........................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
    Failure to Produce.................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation;
                                                          93-10 Costello.                                       
        Sanction for...................................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.             
    Regarding Unrelated Case...........................  92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                                  
Double Jeopardy........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-26 Midtown.                  
Due Process:                                                                                                    
    Generally..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8  
                                                          Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.           
    Before finding a violation.........................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Multiple violations................................  96-26 Midtown; 97-9 Alphin.                            
    No right to assigned counsel.......................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a/ Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 
                                                          Alphin.                                               
    Violation of.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8  
                                                          Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.           
EAJA:                                                                                                           
    Adversary Adjudication.............................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota.                                            
    Amount of award....................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Appeal from ALJ decision...........................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                        
    Expert witness fees................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Final disposition..................................  96-22 Woodhouse.                                       
    Further proceedings................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
    Jurisdiction over appeal...........................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.                          
        Late-filed application.........................  96-22 Woodhouse.                                       

[[Page 24538]]

                                                                                                                
    Other expenses.....................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
    Position of agency.................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Prevailing party...................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
    Special circumstances..............................  95-18 Pacific Sky.                                     
    Substantial justification..........................  91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific  
                                                          Sky; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.              
    Supplementing the application......................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
Evidence (See Proof & Evidence)                                                                                 
Ex Parte Communications................................  93-10 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-19 Rayner.           
Expert Witnesses (See Witness)                                                                                  
Extension of Time:                                                                                              
    By Agreement of Parties............................  89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
    Dismissal by Decisionmaker.........................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.                              
    Good Cause for.....................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.                          
    Objection to.......................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.              
    Who may grant......................................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
Federal Courts.........................................  92-7 West; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.                     
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.......................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
Federal Rules of Evidence (See also Proof & Evidence):                                                          
    Admissions.........................................  96-25 USAir.                                           
    Settlement Offers..................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Subsequent Remedial Measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                            
Final Oral Argument....................................  92-3 Park.                                             
Firearms (See Weapons)                                                                                          
Ferry Flights..........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
Flight & Duty Time:                                                                                             
    Circumstances beyond crew's control:                                                                        
        Generally......................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Foreseeability.................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Late freight...................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Weather........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
    Competency check flights...........................  96-4 South Aero.                                       
    Limitation of Duty Time............................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.                
    Limitation of Flight Time..........................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        ``Other commercial flying''....................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
Flights................................................  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                            
Freedom of Information Act.............................  93-10 Costello.                                        
Fuel Exhaustion........................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          
Guns (See Weapons)                                                                                              
Ground Security Coordinator (See also Air Carrier;                                                              
 Standard Security Program):                                                                                    
    Failure to provide.................................  96-16 WestAir Commuter.                                
Hazardous Materials:                                                                                            
    transportation of, generally.......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77
                                                          TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling;
                                                          95-12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.           
    Civil Penalty, generally...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-25 Midtown.                                        
        Corrective Action..............................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.                               
        Culpability....................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.               
        Financial hardship.............................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
            Installment plan...........................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
        First-time violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.               
        Gravity of violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.
        Minimum penalty................................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
    Criminal Penalty...................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.                             
    EAJA, applicability of.............................  94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.                               
    Individual violations..............................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
    Judicial review....................................  97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.                                
    Knowingly..........................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.         
Informal Conference....................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
Initial Decision:                                                                                               
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Interference with crewmembers (see Passenger             92-3 Park; 96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                  
 Misconduct; Assault).                                                                                          
Interlocutory Appeal...................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37   
                                                          Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan.                 
Interal FAA Policy &/or Procedures.....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-
                                                          73 Wyatt.                                             
Jurisdiction:                                                                                                   
    After initial decision.............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28    
                                                          Strohl.                                               
    After Order Assessing Civil Penalty................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    After withdrawal of complaint......................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
    $50,000 Limit......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
    EAJA cases.........................................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.                          
    HazMat cases.......................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
    NTSB...............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
Knowledge of concealed weapon (See also Weapons          89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
 Violation).                                                                                                    

[[Page 24539]]

                                                                                                                
Laches (See Unreasonably Delay):                                                                                
Mailing Rules, generally...............................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
                                                          90-39 Hart.                                           
    Overnight express delivery.........................  89-6 American Airlines.                                
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance):                                                                         
Maintenance Instruction................................  93-36 Valley Air.                                      
Maintenance Manual.....................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 96-25 USAir.            
    Air carrier maintenance manual.....................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    Approved/accepted repairs..........................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    Manufacturer's maintenance manual..................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft                                                                      
 Maintenance):                                                                                                  
Mootness, appeal dismissed as moot.....................  92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.                               
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP)....  90-16 Rocky Mountain                                   
National Transportation Safety Board:                                                                           
    Administrator not bound by NTSB case law...........  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18   
                                                          Westair Commuter.                                     
    Lack of Jurisdiction...............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74     
                                                          Wendt.                                                
Notice of Hearing:                                                                                              
    Receipt............................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:                                                                               
    Initiates Action...................................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
    Signature of agency attorney.......................  93-12 Langton.                                         
    Withdrawal of......................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
Operate, generally.....................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.                                            
    Responsibility of aircraft owner/operator for        96-17 Fenner.                                          
     actions of pilot.                                                                                          
Oral Argument before Administrator on appeal:                                                                   
    Decision to hold...................................  92-16 Wendt.                                           
    Instructions for...................................  92-27 Wendt.                                           
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:                                                                                  
    Appeal from........................................  92-1 Costello; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    Timeliness of request for hearing..................  95-19 Rayner.                                          
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 95-19    
                                                          Rayner; 97-7 Stalling.                                
Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA):                                                                              
    Failure to obtain..................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Passenger Misconduct...................................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Assault............................................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
    Interference with a crewmember.....................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
    Smoking............................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
    Stowing carry-on items.............................  97-12 Mayer.                                           
Penalty (See Sanction; Hazardous Materials)                                                                     
Person.................................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
Proof & Evidence (See also Federal Rules of Evidence):                                                          
    Affirmative Defense................................  92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.                
    Burden of Proof....................................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92- 
                                                          13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.   
    Circumstantial Evidence............................  90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29        
                                                          Sweeney; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-10 Alphin; 97-
                                                          11 Hampton.                                           
    Credibility (See Administrative Law Judges;                                                                 
     Credibility of Witnesses)                                                                                  
    Criminal standard rejected.........................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Closing Arguments (See also Final Oral Argument)...  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                            
    Extra-record material..............................  95-96 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.                           
    Hearsay............................................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
    Preponderance of evidence..........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffrida.                                            
    Presumption that message on ATC tape is received as  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.         
     transmitted.                                                                                               
    Presumption that a gun is deadly or dangerous......  90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.                         
    Presumption that owner gave pilot permission.......  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    Prima Facie case...................................  95-25 Hereth, 96-3 America West.                       
    Settlement offer...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Subsequent remedial measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Substantial evidence...............................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
Prima Facie Case (See also Proof & Evidence)...........  95-26 Hereth; 96-3 America West Airlines.              
Pro Se Parties:                                                                                                 
    Special Considerations.............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 95-25        
                                                          Conquest.                                             
Prosecutorial Discretion...............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38           
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46 
                                                          Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt; 95-17 Larry's Flying     
                                                          Service.                                              
Reconsideration:                                                                                                
    Denied by ALJ......................................  89-4 & 90-3 Metz.                                      
    Granted by ALJ.....................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
    Petition based on new material.....................  96-23 Kilrain.                                         
    Repetitious petitions..............................  96-9 [Airport Operator].                               

[[Page 24540]]

                                                                                                                
    Stay of Order Pending..............................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
Redundancy, enhancing safety...........................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
Remand.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24    
                                                          Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1     
                                                          Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-37 Houston.      
Repair Station.........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 
                                                          94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin.            
Request for Hearing....................................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    Constructive withdrawal of.........................  97-7 Stalling.                                         
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G):                                                                  
    Applicability of...................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS   
                                                          Aviation.                                             
    Challenges to......................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21       
                                                          Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.                    
    Effect of Changes in...............................  90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
    Initiation of Action...............................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
Runway incursions......................................  92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter.                   
Sanction:                                                                                                       
    Ability to Pay.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10
                                                          flight Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72       
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51
                                                          Koblick; 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft      
                                                          Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a     
                                                          Inter-Island Helicopter; 97-11 Hampton.               
    Agency policy:                                                                                              
        ALJ Bound by...................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-19  
                                                          [Air Carrier].                                        
        Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A,          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 
         Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda pertaining    90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-4  
         to).                                             South Aero; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-25 USAir.         
    Consistency with Precedent.........................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-26 Midtown.                           
        But when precedent is based on superceded        96-19 [Air Carrier].                                   
         sanction policy.                                                                                       
    Corrective Action..................................  91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          41 [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18    
                                                          Westair Commuter; 94-28 Toyota; 96-4 South Aero; 96-19
                                                          [Air Carrier].                                        
    Discovery (See Discovery)                                                                                   
    Factors to consider................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 
                                                          91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport  
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight     
                                                          Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28 
                                                          Toyota; 95-11 Horizon; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-26     
                                                          Midtown.                                              
    First-Time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.     
    HazMat (See Hazardous Materials)                                                                            
    Inexperience.......................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
    Installment Payments...............................  95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.           
    Maintenance........................................  95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific
                                                          Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10
                                                          Alphin; 97-11 Hampton..                               
    Maximum............................................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller; 96-19 [Air Carrier].         
    Minimum (HazMat)...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.                          
    Modified...........................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38     
                                                          Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines,  
                                                          92-32 Barnhill.                                       
    Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanctions (See   94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.          
     also Complaint).                                                                                           
    Sanctions in specific cases:                                                                                
        Unairworthy aircraft...........................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9  
                                                          Alphin.                                               
        Passenger Misconduct...........................  97-12 Mayer.                                           
        Pilot Deviation................................  92-8 Watkins.                                          
        Test object detection..........................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air         
                                                          Carrier].                                             
        Unauthorized access............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;  
                                                          94-1 Delta Air Lines.                                 
        Weapons violations.............................  90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92- 
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5
                                                          Grant.                                                
Screening of Persons:                                                                                           
    Air Carrier failure to detect weapon:                                                                       
        Sanction.......................................  94-44 American Airlines                                
    Entering Sterile Areas.............................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl                               
Security (See Screening of Persons, Standard Security                                                           
 Program, Test Object Detection, Unauthorized Access,                                                           
 Weapons Violations):                                                                                           
    Sealing of Record..................................  97-13 Westair Commuter                                 
Separation of Functions................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38      
                                                          Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel                     
Service (See also Mailing Rule; Receipt):                                                                       
    Of NPCP............................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
    Of FNPCP...........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
    Receipt of document sent by mail...................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           

[[Page 24541]]

                                                                                                                
    Return of certified mail...........................  97-7 Stalling.                                         
    Valid Service......................................  92-18 Bargen.                                          
Settlement.............................................  91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall.                  
Smoking................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                      
Standard Security Program (SSP):                                                                                
    Compliance with....................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta 
                                                          Air Lines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1   
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].                 
    Ground Security Coordinator........................  96-16 Westair Commuter.                                
Stay of Orders.........................................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
    Pending judicial review............................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                
Strict Liability.......................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 
                                                          91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].   
Test Object Detection..................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines;
                                                          92-13 Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].           
    Proof of violation.................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta  
                                                          Air Lines.                                            
    Sanction...........................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air         
                                                          Carrier].                                             
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Mailing Rule; and                                                               
 Appeals):                                                                                                      
    Of response to NPCP................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
    Of complaint.......................................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.               
    Of NPCP............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    Of reply brief.....................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
    Of request for hearing.............................  93-12 Langton; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    Of EAJA application (See EAJA--Final disposition,                                                           
     EAJA--Jurisdiction)                                                                                        
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer Approval)  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Unauthorized Access:                                                                                            
    To Aircraft........................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air     
                                                          Lines.                                                
    To Air Operations Area (AOA).......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.          
Unreasonable Delay In Initiating Action................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of.............  92-40 Wendt.                                           
Weapons Violations, generally..........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23      
                                                          Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3      
                                                          Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32
                                                          Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59  
                                                          Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American Airlines.   
    Concealed weapon...................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.     
    ``Deadly or Dangerous''............................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.     
    First-time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz.                                          
    Intent to commit violation.........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26   
                                                          Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.                    
    Knowledge Of Weapon Concealment:                                                                            
        (See also Knowledge)...........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
    Sanction (See Sanction)                                                                                     
Weight and Balance.....................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                              
Witnesses (See also Credibility):                                                                               
    Absence of:                                                                                                 
        Failure to subpoena............................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Expert testimony:                                                                                           
        Evaluation of..................................  93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney; 96-3    
                                                          America est Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-9 Alphin.  
    Expert witness fees (See EAJA)                                                                              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regulations (Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted)                                                              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 (maintenance.......................................  94-38 Bohan; 97-11 Hampton.                            
1.1 (major repair).....................................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
1.1 (minor repair).....................................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
1.1 (operate)..........................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.                                            
1.1 (person)...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
1.1 (propeller)........................................  96-15 Valley Air.                                      
13.16..................................................  90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest     
                                                          Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18    
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92- 
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-27   
                                                          Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling; 95-19 Rayner;  
                                                          96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-9 
                                                          Alphin.                                               
13.201.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
13.202.................................................  90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.        
13.203.................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38       
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
13.204.................................................  .......................................................
13.205.................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska     
                                                          Airlines; 92-32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 
                                                          94-39 Kirola; 95-16 Mulhall.                          

[[Page 24542]]

                                                                                                                
13.206.................................................  .......................................................
13.207.................................................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
13.208.................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety
                                                          Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth.    
13.209.................................................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety 
                                                          Equipment; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22 Harkins; 94- 
                                                          29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 95-10 Diamond; 95-28 Valley 
                                                          Air; 97-7 Stalling.                                   
13.210.................................................  92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-
                                                          7 Dunn; 93-28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna; 95-28
                                                          Valley Air; 96-17 Fenner; 97-11 Hampton.              
13.211.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 
                                                          Thunderbird Accesories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1  
                                                          Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 
                                                          92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne County Airport; 92-74      
                                                          Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant;
                                                          94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota; 95-28    
                                                          Valley Air; 97-7 Stalling; 97-11 Hampton.             
13.212.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental        
                                                          Airlines.                                             
13.213.................................................  .......................................................
13.214.................................................  91-3 Lewis.                                            
13.215.................................................  93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.                            
13.216.................................................  .......................................................
13.217.................................................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
13.218.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 
                                                          90-39 Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific  
                                                          Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 
                                                          95-18 Rayner; 96-16 WestAir; 96-24 Horizon.           
13.219.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91- 
                                                          54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit     
                                                          Metro. Wayne Airport.                                 
13.220.................................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts      
                                                          Agricultural Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                
13.221.................................................  92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.             
13.222.................................................  92-72 Giuffrida; 96-15 Valley Air.                     
13.223.................................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida; 95-26    
                                                          Hereth; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-11 Hampton.              
13.224.................................................  90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffriad; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota; 95-25       
                                                          Conquest; 96-17 Fenner.                               
13.225.................................................  .......................................................
13.226.................................................  .......................................................
13.227.................................................  90-21 Carroll; 95-26 Hereth.                           
13.228.................................................  92-3 Park.                                             
13.229.................................................  .......................................................
13.230.................................................  92-19 Cornwall; 95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.           
13.231.................................................  92-3 Park.                                             
13.232.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18   
                                                          Bargen; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-6 Ignatov.               
13.233.................................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner;  
                                                          89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11        
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines;  
                                                          90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P.     
                                                          Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2   
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8   
                                                          Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11      
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 
                                                          Britt Airways; 91-31 Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91- 
                                                          43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta; 91-47      
                                                          Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53 Koller; 
                                                          92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-
                                                          15 Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwell;
                                                          92-27 Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay 
                                                          Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck;  
                                                          92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean    
                                                          Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-67
                                                          USAir; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74 Wendt; 92-
                                                          78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn; 
                                                          93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-
                                                          27 Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-
                                                          9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-
                                                          15 Columna; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page; 
                                                          94-26 French Aircraft; 94-28 Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-
                                                          9 Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain; 95-23 Atlantic World      
                                                          Airways; 95-25 Conquest; 95-26 Hereth; 96-1 [Airport  
                                                          Operator; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 97-1 Midtown Neon    
                                                          Sign; 97-2 Sanford Air; 97-7 Stalling.                
13.234.................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90- 
                                                          38 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95- 
                                                          12 Toyota; 96-9 [Airport Operator]; 96-23 Kilrain.    

[[Page 24543]]

                                                                                                                
13.235.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Airlines; 90-15 Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.     
Part 14................................................  92-74 & 93-2 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.          
14.01..................................................  91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.                            
14.04..................................................  91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello; 95- 
                                                          27 Valley Air.                                        
14.05..................................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
14.12..................................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
14.20..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 96-22 Woodhouse.                   
14.22..................................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
14.26..................................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 95-27 Valley Air.                  
14.28..................................................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                        
21.181.................................................  96-25 USAir.                                           
21.303.................................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.    
25.855.................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
39.3...................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3...................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
43.5...................................................  96-18 Kilrain.                                         
43.9...................................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
43.13..................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38  
                                                          Bohan; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-25 USAir; 97-9  
                                                          Alphin; 97-10 Alphin.                                 
43.15..................................................  90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural         
                                                          Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse; 96-18 Kilrain.              
65.15..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
65.92..................................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
91.7...................................................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.       
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90..............................  92-3 Park.                                             
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90).............................  90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8       
                                                          Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & 
                                                          Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17 
                                                          Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-29 
                                                          Sutton; 95-26 Hereth; 96-17 Fenner.                   
91.11..................................................  96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer.                             
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90).............................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight         
                                                          Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.            
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.                          
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-29 Sweeney.                                         
91.71..................................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt;
                                                          92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.                 
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)...........................  90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.          
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90)...........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.             
91.103.................................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          
91.111.................................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
91.113.................................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
91.151.................................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)..........................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
91.213.................................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
91.403.................................................  97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters.       
91.703.................................................  94-29 Sutton.                                          
107.1..................................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4     
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
107.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport      
                                                          Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport   
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport   
                                                          Operator]; 96-1 [Airport Operator].                   
107.20.................................................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.                              
107.21.................................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23      
                                                          Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39     
                                                          Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 
                                                          Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson;
                                                          94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling; 97-7 Stalling.            
107.25.................................................  94-30 Columna.                                         
108.5..................................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 
                                                          91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55   
                                                          Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-
                                                          44 American Airlines; 96-16 WestAir; 96-19 [Air       
                                                          Carrier].                                             
108.7..................................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                    
108.10.................................................  96-16 WestAir.                                         
108.11.................................................  90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-
                                                          Sautter; 94-44 American Airlines.                     
108.13.................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
121.133................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines.                            
121.153................................................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West  
                                                          Airlines; 96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                 
121.317................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                      

[[Page 24544]]

                                                                                                                
121.318................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
121.367................................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 96-25 USAir.               
121.571................................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
121.589................................................  97-12 Mayer.                                           
121.628................................................  95-11 Horizon.                                         
135.1..................................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-25 Conquest.                 
135.5..................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-25     
                                                          Conquest; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.         
135.25.................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air; 95-27 Valley  
                                                          Air; 96-15 Valley air.                                
135.63.................................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service;
                                                          95-28 Atlantic; 96-4 South Aero.                      
135.87.................................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
135.95.................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                          
135.179................................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
135.185................................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                              
135.263................................................  95-9 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.                
135.267................................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-
                                                          4 South Aero.                                         
135.293................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-4 South Aero.         
135.343................................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                          
135.411................................................  97-11 Hampton.                                         
135.413................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/
                                                          a Inter-Island Helicopters.                           
135.421................................................  93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.   
135.437................................................  94-3 Valley Air; 95-15 Valley Air.                     
145.1..................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.3..................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.25.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.45.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.47.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.49.................................................  97-10 Alphin.                                          
145.53.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
145.57.................................................  94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin.                           
145.61.................................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
191....................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
298.1..................................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
302.8..................................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
49 CFR:                                                                                                         
    1.47...............................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
    171 et seq.........................................  95-10 Diamond.                                         
    171.2..............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-26 Midtown.                                        
    171.8..............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    172.101............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.
    172.200............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown. 
    172.202............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.203............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    172.204............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.300............................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.          
    172.301............................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.                         
    172.304............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.              
    172.400............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.402............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    172.406............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.1..............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    173.3..............................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    173.6..............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.22(a)..........................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    173.24.............................................  94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.                           
    173.25.............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.27.............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.115............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.240............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.243............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.260............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.266............................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    175.25.............................................  94-31 Smalling.                                        
    191.5..............................................  97-13 Westair Commuter.                                
    191.7..............................................  97-13 Westair Commuter.                                
    821.30.............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    821.33.............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         

[[Page 24545]]

                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutes                                                                                                        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 U.S.C:                                                                                                        
    504................................................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 &
                                                          93-9 Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI; 95-27 Valley    
                                                          Air; 96-22 Woodhouse.                                 
    552................................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10       
                                                          Costello.                                             
    554................................................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12       
                                                          Toyota.                                               
    556................................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.                  
    557................................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest       
                                                          Airlines; 94-28 Toyota.                               
    705................................................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                
    5332...............................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
11 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    362................................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
28 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    2412...............................................  93-10 Costello; 96-22 Woodhouse.                       
    2462...............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
49 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    5123...............................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 & 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.         
    40102..............................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    44701..............................................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-17 Fenner.                            
    44704..............................................  96-3 America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air.          
    46110..............................................  96-22 Woodhouse; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.               
    46301..............................................  97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.                                
    46303..............................................  97-7 Stalling.                                         
49 U.S.C. App.:                                                                                                 
    1301(31) (operate).................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
        (32) (person)..................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
    1356...............................................  90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.              
    1357...............................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41        
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
    1421...............................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 
                                                          Wendt.                                                
    1429...............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    1471...............................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90- 
                                                          18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 
                                                          & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta Air   
                                                          Lines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;  
                                                          92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-
                                                          20 Conquest Helicopters; 94-40 Polynesian Airways; 96-
                                                          6 Ignatov; 97-7 Stalling.                             
    1472...............................................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
    1475...............................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-
                                                          19 & 91-1 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18     
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.         
    1486...............................................  90-21 Carroll; 96-22 Woodhouse.                        
    1809...............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31     
                                                          Smalling; 95-12 Toyota.                               
                                                                                                                

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator Digests

    (Current as of March 31, 1997)
    The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are 
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the 
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final 
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from January 1, 1997, 
to March 31, 1997.
    These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be 
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as 
substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other 
interested persons should always consult the full text of the 
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

In the Matter of Midtown Neon Sign Corporation

Order No., 97-1 (1/8/97)
    Petition to Modify Granted. This action was broung under 49 U.S.C. 
5123. As a result, the judicial review provisions of 49 U.S.C. 46110 
does not apply to this case. Footnote 13 of FAA Order No. 96-26 (August 
13, 1996) is omitted.

In the Matter of Sanford Air, Inc.

Order No. 97-2 (1/8/97)
    Notice of Appeal Construed As An Appeal Brief. Respondent failed to 
perfect its timely filed notice of appeal. However, the notice of 
appeal is sufficiently detailed to be construed as an appeal brief. 
Complainant is give 35 days in which to file its reply brief

In the Matter of [Airport Operator]

Order No. 97-3 (1/8/97)
Order No. 97-3 (1/8/97)
    Appeal Dismissed. Respondent filed a timely notice of appeal but 
failed to perfect its appeal by filing an appeal brief. Respondent's 
appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of [Airport Operator]

Order No. 97-4 (1/14.97]
    Appeal Withdrawn. Respondent's appeal is dismissed in light of 
Respondent's withdrawal of its appeal.

In the Matter of WestAir Commuter Airlines, Inc. d/b/a United Express

Order No. 97-5 (1/3/97)
    Appeal Withdrawn. Respondent has withdrawn its notice of appeal. 
Its appeal is dismissed.

[[Page 24546]]

In the Matter of WRA, Inc.

Order No. 97-6 (2/7/97)
    Appeal Dismissed. Respondent has failed to show, or even attempt to 
show, good cause for its failure to file its appeal brief in a timely 
manner. Respondent's appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of Ronald Stalling

Order No,. 97-7 (2/20/97)
    Late-filed Notice of Appeal. Respondent's notice of appeal was 
late-filed. A late-filed notice of appeal will be accepted only if good 
cause for the lateness is shown. Respondent stated in his notice of 
appeal that until the date on which he prepared the notice, he had no 
idea that a communication with the agency attorney, with whom he was 
engaged in settlement talks, was not a direct communication with the 
law judge. Respondent is given an opportunity to explain why he filed 
the notice of appeal late.
    Constructive Withdrawal of Request for Hearing. The law judge had 
issued an order to show cause why Respondent had filed to file an 
Answer. The envelope was sent certified mail and was returned marked 
``MLNF'' (Moved, Left No Forwarding Address.) The law judge regarded 
the return of the envelope as constructive withdrawal of the request 
for hearing, and consequently, issued an Order Assessing Civil Penalty. 
The Order Assessing Civil Penalty was sent to the same address as the 
Order to Show Cause. The Order Assessing Civil Penalty was sent both 
certified and regular mail. The Order Assessing Civil Penalty sent by 
certified mail was returned marked ``Unclaimed.'' Respondent must have 
received the envelope sent by regular mail because he filed a notice of 
appeal (discussed above.) Respondent is given an opportunity to present 
argument regarding whether the law judge was in error when he construed 
the return of the Order to Show Cause as constructive withdrawal of the 
request for hearing.

In the Matter of Pacific Aviation International, Inc. d/b/a Inter-
Island Helicopters

Order No. 97-8 (2/20/97)
    Respondent Responsible for Failure to Replace Part. Respondent 
argued that its mechanics and not Respondent were responsible for the 
violations involving the failure to replace a life-limited part. 
Respondent further argued that the particular mechanic who reported the 
problem to the FAA intentionally allowed the discrepancy to exist in 
order to blackmail Respondent. Assuming that Respondent's claim is 
true, it does not relieve Respondent of responsibility for the 
violations. Other employees of Respondent certified the aircraft as 
airworthy during the period in question. Respondent has not alleged 
that its mechanic ``covered up'' the failure to replace the part. 
Respondent, like other air carriers, has a responsibility to supervise 
its mechanic employees adequately, which it failed to do.
    Irrelevant that Respondent cannot recover from repair station. 
Respondent chose to hire its own mechanics to perform its maintenance. 
It was Respondent's responsibility to supervise their work adequately.
    Arguments that $7,000 civil penalty too high rejected. Respondent's 
claim that it committed fewer violations than the respondent in In the 
Matter of Watts Agricultural, FAA Order No. 91-8 (April 11, 1991, 
review denied, 977 F.2d 594 (9th Cir. 1992), is inaccurate, given that 
Respondent operated its aircraft in an unairworthy condition on 70 
separate days. Although Respondent argues that it operated the aircraft 
``only'' 400 hours beyond the mandatory replacement time, the $7,000 
penalty already reflects the number of hours of operation of an 
unairworthy aircraft. Assuming that it is true, as Respondent asserts, 
that part in question has no history of failure in service on this type 
of aircraft, arguably that is because operators generally replace the 
part at the required time. Any suggestion on Respondent's part that it 
is a better judge of the operating limits of the part than the 
manufacturer must be rejected. Contrary to Respondent's claim that the 
``infractions charged did not threaten anyone,'' the violations 
threatened the safety of the passengers, the pilots, and persons and 
property on the ground.
    Right to due process not violated. Law judge did not err in 
granting Complainant's motion for decision, obviating a hearing on the 
merits. A hearing is not required where there is no genuine issue of 
material fact and where it is clear that one party is entitled to a 
decision as a matter of law. Nor is due process offended by 
Respondent's lack of counsel prior to the appeal; there is no right to 
assigned counsel in FAA civil penalty proceedings.
    No evidence of discriminatory treatment. Although Respondent claims 
there was a disparity in treatment and a discriminatory attempt to put 
Respondent out of business, Respondent has provided no evidence to 
support its claim. Respondent promised the law judge several times to 
provide evidence to support is claim of financial hardship, but 
ultimately declined to do so.

In the Matter of Alphin Aircraft, Inc.

Order No. 97-9 (2/20/97)
    No right to assigned counsel. Respondent asks the Administrator to 
order a new hearing or to dismiss the case, stating that its financial 
conditions at the time forced it to defend itself without counsel. 
There is no due process right to assigned counsel in FAA civil penalty 
proceedings.
    Airworthiness. Although Respondent argues that airworthiness was 
never a problem because the work it performed was not required by an 
Airworthiness Directive (AD), work must still be done properly, even if 
it is required by an AD. Respondent's work affected the structural 
integrity of the aircraft, creating the possibility of an in-flight 
breakup.
    ALJ's assessment of expert testimony. Respondent has offered no 
persuasive reason to disturb the law judge's assessment of the expert 
testimony in this case.
    Double Jeopardy Clause. The Double Jeopardy Clause does not 
prohibit the law judge's finding of multiple violations. There was an 
additional required fact for each violation the law judge found.

In the Matter of Alphin Aircraft, Inc.

Order No. 97-10 (2/20/97)
    Part 145 Requirements for Inspection System Apply to Holders of 
Repair Station Certificates as well as Applicants. Respondent argues 
that the law judge erred in finding violations of 14 C.F.R. 145.45 (a) 
and (d) because these provisions expressly apply only to 
``applicants,'' and it has held a repair station certificate since 
1972. The requirements in section 145.45 for an inspection system are 
continuing in nature. Respondent could not have reasonably believed 
that is obligation to have an effective inspection system ended in 1972 
when it obtained its repair station certificate.
    Respondent Must Comply With Inspection Procedures Manual. 
Respondent argues that it need not comply with its Inspection 
Procedures Manual because there is no regulation expressly requiring it 
to do so. Though the requirement is implicit rather than explicit, it 
is clear.
    Hidden Damage Inspection Not Limited to Post-Accident Situations. 
Respondent contends that the requirement in its manual for a hidden 
damage inspection derives from section 145.45(e), which requires such 
an inspection only after an accident, and

[[Page 24547]]

no accident occurred here. Respondent's argument concerning the 
derivation of the requirement in its manual is speculative and 
unsupported. Nothing in Respondent's manual limits hidden damage 
inspections to post-accident situations.
    No Error in Finding Discrepancy Existed When Respondent Released 
Aircraft. Circumstantial evidence may suffice to prove a violation. 
Respondent's witnesses conceded that they removed the mechanism and 
then reinstalled it. Testimony was that the rubbing was due to the 
manner in which the mechanism was installed. Respondent has offered no 
persuasive reason to disturb the law judge's assessment of the 
evidence.
    Summary. Respondent's appeal is denied and the law judge's decision 
assessing a $1,500 penalty is affirmed.

In the Matter of Hampton Air Transport Systems, Inc.

Order No. 97-11 (2/20/97)
    No Error in Finding Glide Slope Inoperative. Complainant can use 
circumstantial evidence to sustain its burden of proof. The following 
evidence supports the law judge's finding that the glide slope was 
inoperative. Respondent does not dispute that the glide slope was 
placarded inoperative; Respondent's President testified that after 
performing an avionics check, he marked the glide slope inoperative and 
that at least two pilots advised him that glide slope was inoperative; 
Respondent's President advised Complainant in a letter that the glide 
slope was inoperative; a work order from an avionics repair shop lists 
the glide slope as inoperative. Even if glide slope worked 
intermittently, it could not be considered operable because it was 
unreliable.
    No Error in Finding That It Was Insufficient to Placard Glide 
Slope. The law judge did not err in rejecting Respondent's argument 
that under Section 91.213, it could take off with an inoperative 
instrument as long as it placarded it as inoperative. Section 91.213 
applies only to flights conducted under Part 91, whereas the flights at 
issue were passenger-carrying flights for compensation or hire 
conducted under Part 135. Section 135.411, which provides that aircraft 
type-certificated for nine or fewer seats shall be maintained under 
Part 91, does not apply. Operating without repair, as Respondent did 
here, does not constitute maintenance.
    ALJ Erred in Declining to Assess Penalty. Contrary to the law 
judge's finding, it was clear from the regulations that Hampton 
violated the regulations by operating an aircraft under Part 135 with 
an inoperative glide slope indicator but no Minimum Equipment List. 
Although the law judge stated that the flights did not implicate safety 
concerns, the margin of safety that glide slopes provide was reduced 
because on 56 flights, one of the glide slope indicators was 
inoperative. Weather can change abruptly, requiring use of instruments 
even where the operator intends VFR flight only. Even if it were true 
that neither airport had an Instrument Landing System. weather or other 
circumstances may require a pilot to divert to another airport. 
Moreover, even though the other glide slope indicator was apparently 
functioning, the margin of safety was still reduced. In many contexts, 
the regulations require redundancy to enhance safety.
    Financial Hardship. Although Respondent alleged financial hardship, 
it failed to sustain its burden of proof. Its financial statement 
contains a prominent disclaimer indicating that management had elected 
to omit substantially all of the disclosures required by generally 
accepted accounting principles.
    Summary. Law judge's determination that Respondent violated 14 CFR 
Sec. 91.7 and 135.179 is affirmed, while his determination not to 
impose a penalty is reversed. Respondent is ordered to pay a $5,000 
civil penalty.

In the Matter of David Mayer

Order No. 97-12 (2/20/97)
    Passenger Misconduct. The law judge held that Respondent violated 
14 CFR 91.11 and 121.589(e), and assessed a $1,000 civil penalty for 
the 14 CFR 91.11 violation but only a $150 civil penalty for the 14 CFR 
121.589(e) violation. Both parties appealed to the Administrator. 
Respondents' appeal is denied, and Complainant's appeal is granted in 
part. The Administrator assessed a $1,500 civil penalty.
    Assault/Interference With Performance of Flight Crewmember's 
Duties. Respondent shoved a sandwich down the back of a flight 
attendant's blouse during a flight. He argued that he had not assaulted 
the flight attendant and, therefore, had not violated Section 91.11 The 
Administrator rejected that argument. Section 91.11 prohibits 
assaulting a flight crewmember or interfering in the performance of the 
flight crewmember's duties. The Administrator has interpreted the term 
``assault'' as used in Section 91.11 as including both an assault (the 
apprehension of an unwanted touching) and a battery (the actual 
unwanted touching.) In the Matter of Ignatov, FAA Order No. 96-6 (2/13/
96). Moreover, Respondent interfered with the flight attendant's 
performance of her duties when he put the sandwich down her back and 
when he put his trash on the beverage cart. Also, by demanding to talk 
with the pilot, Respondent interfered with the performance of the 
pilot's duties. The Administrator held further that a $1,000 civil 
penalty was not excessive for the outrageous and unjustified conduct 
that resulted in the violation(s) of Section 91.11.
    Refusal to Stow Carry-on Item. Respondent did not stow his carry-on 
item despite three requests to do so by the flight attendant. The 
flight attendant went to get another flight attendant, the ``A'' flight 
attendant, who had been stationed beside the open aircraft door. By the 
time that the ``A'' flight attendant got back to see Respondent, he had 
stowed his carry-on item. The law judge held that this was a mere 
technical violation of 14 CFR 121.598(e) and that $150 was the 
appropriate penalty. Complainant appealed. The Administrator held that 
this was more than a mere technical violation because Respondent had 
refused to stow his carry-on item after multiple requests, and he only 
stowed after the flight attendant had gone to get the ``A'' flight 
attendant. However, the Administrator found that a $500 civil penalty 
would be adequate to deter Respondent and others from such similar 
violations.

In the Matter of Westair Commuter Airlines

Order No. 97-13 (2/26/97)
    Record Sealed. Complainant requested the removal from the record of 
a letter accompanying Respondent's notice of withdrawal of its appeal. 
One reason given by Complainant to justify removal of the letter from 
the record was that the letter contained sensitive security 
information. The Administration found that the record contained equally 
sensitive security information and sealed the record under 14 C.F.R. 
Part 191, explaining that if a member of the public requests access to 
the record, the sensitive portions would then be redacted in accordance 
with 14 C.F.R. 191.7.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty 
Decisions and Orders

    1. Commercial Publications: The Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty cases are now available in the following 
commercial publications:
    Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing

[[Page 24548]]

Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (410) 798-1677;
    Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, a subsidiary 
of West Information Publishing Company, 50 Broad Street East, 
Rochester, NY 14694, 1-800-221-9428.
    2. CD-ROM. The Administrator's orders and decisions are available 
on CD-ROM through Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main 
Street, Gruver, TX 70940, (806) 733-2483.
    3. On-Line Services. The Administrator's decisions and orders in 
civil penalty cases are available on the following on-services:
     Compuserve
     FedWorld
     Westlaw (the Database ID is FTRAN-FAA)
     LEXIS [Transportation (TRANS) Library, FAA file.]
    The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial 
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and 
accurate manner. The publication of the digests will be discontinued as 
of the next quarterly publication.

FAA Offices

    The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are 
available for public inspection and copying at the following location 
in FAA headquarters: FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation 
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Room 924A, Washington, DC 
20591; (202) 267-3641.
    These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center 
legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd., 
Oklahoma City, OK 73125; (405) 954-3296.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7), 
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513; 
(907) 271-5269.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7), 
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building, 
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7), 
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Federal 
Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-3285.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), 2300 East Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60018, (708) 
294-7108.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park, 
Room 401, Burlington, MA 01803-5299; (617) 238-7050.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region 
(ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW, 
Renton, WA 98055-4056; (206) 227-2007.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7), 
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA 
30337; (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7), 
Southwest Region Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 
76137-4298; (817) 222-5087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7), 
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City 
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region 
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard, 
Lawndale, CA 90261; (310) 725-7100.

    Issued in Washington, DC on April 28, 1997.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 97-11662 Filed 5-2-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M