[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 205 (Tuesday, October 22, 1996)]
[Notices]
[Pages 54833-54846]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-27070]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty 
Actions; Publication

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of publication.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of 
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty 
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by 
subject matter, and case digests that contain identifying information 
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator. 
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the 
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders. Also, 
the publication of these indexes and digests should assist litigants 
and practitioners in their research and review of decisions and orders 
that may have precedential value in a particular civil penalty action. 
Publication of the index by order number, as supplemented by the index 
by subject matter, ensures that the agency is in compliance with 
statutory indexing requirements.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation (AGC-400), 
Federal Aviation Administration, 400 7th Street, SW., Suite PL201, 
Washington, DC 20590: telephone (202) 366-4118.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires 
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection 
and copying current indexes containing identifying information 
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in 
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced 
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide 
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and 
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty 
actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G.
    The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and 
containing identifying information about each decision or order. The 
FAA also maintains a subject-matter index, and digests organized by 
order number.
    In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA published these 
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders

[[Page 54834]]

issued by the Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; 
October 31, 1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would 
publish supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis 
(i.e., in January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA 
announced further in that notice that only the subject-matter index 
would be published cumulatively, and that both the order number index 
and the digests would be non-cumulative. Since that first index was 
issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA has issued supplementary notices 
containing the quarterly indexes of the Administrator's civil penalty 
decisions.
    The indexes of the Administrator's decisions and orders have been 
published as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Dates of quarter               Federal Register publication    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/1/89-9/30/90..................  55 FR 45984; 10/31/90.               
10/1/90-12/31/90.................  56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.                 
1/1/91-3/31/91...................  56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.                 
4/1/91-6/30/91...................  56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.                
7/1/91-9/30/91...................  56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.               
10/1/91-12/31/91.................  57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.                 
1/1/92-3/31/92...................  57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.                 
4/1/92-6/30/92...................  57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.                
7/1/92-9/30/92...................  57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.               
10/1/92-12/31/92.................  58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.                 
1/1/93-3/31/93...................  58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.                
4/1/93-6/30/93...................  58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.                 
7/1/93-9/30/93...................  58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.               
10/1/93-12/31/93.................  59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.                  
1/1/94-3/31/94...................  59 FR 22196; 4/29/94.                
4/1/94-6/30/94...................  59 FR 39618; 8/3/94.                 
7/1/94-12/31/94..................  60 FR 4454; 1/23/95.                 
1/1/95-3/31/95...................  60 FR 19318; 4/17/95.                
4/1/95-6/30/95...................  60 FR 36854; 7/18/95.                
7/1/95-9/30/95...................  60 FR 53228; 10/12/95.               
10/1/95-12/31/95.................  61 FR 1972; 1/24/96.                 
1/1/96-3/31/96...................  61 FR 16955; 4/18/96.                
4/1/96-6/30/96...................  61 FR 37526; 7/18/96.                
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the notice published on January 19, 1993, the Administrator 
announced that for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the 
order number index published at the end of the year would reflect all 
of the civil penalty decisions for that year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93. The 
order number indexes for the first, second, and third quarters would be 
non-cumulative.
    The Administrator's final decisions and orders, indexes, and 
digests are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA 
legal offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at 
the end of this notice.)
    Also, the Administrator's decisions and orders have been published 
by commercial publishers and are available on computer databases. 
(Information about these commercial publications and computer databases 
is provided at the end of this notice.)

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Order Number Index

    (This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator from July 1, 1996, to September 30, 1996.)

96-20  Donald M. Missilrian, 7/31/96, CP95WP0282
96-21  Matthew Houseal, 8/2/96, CP95EA0302
96-22  Mary Woodhouse, 8/13/96, CP94WP0184, 94EAJAWP0017
96-23  Thomas Kilrain, 8/13/96, CP94NE0268
96-24  Horizon Air Industries, 8/13/96, CP94NM0228
96-25  USAir, Inc., 8/13/96, CP94EA0045
96-26  Midtown Neon Sign Corp., 8/13/96, CP94EA0057

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Subject Matter Index

Administrative Law Judges--Power and Authority:                                                                 
    Authority to extend deadlines......................  95-28 Atlantic.                                        
    Continuance of hearing.............................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.            
    Credibility findings...............................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley   
                                                          Air; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 95-25 Conquest;  
                                                          95-26 Hereth.                                         
    Default Judgment...................................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez;
                                                          94-22 Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond.           
    Discovery..........................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
    Expert Testimony...................................  94-21 Sweeney.                                         
    Granting extensions of time........................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Hearing location...................................  92-50 Cullop.                                          
    Hearing request....................................  93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37        
                                                          Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                                
    Initial Decision...................................  92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.                         
    Jurisdiction:                                                                                               
        Generally......................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32     
                                                          Barnhill.                                             
        After issuance of order assessing civil penalty  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    After complaint withdrawn..........................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
    Motion for Decision................................  92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 
                                                          Merkley; 96-24 Horizon.                               
    Notice of Hearing..................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
    Sanction...........................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22 
                                                          Harkins; 94-28 Toyota.                                
    Vacate initial decision............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.         
Aerial Photography.....................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters.                            
Agency Attorney........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
Air Carrier:                                                                                                    
    Agent/independent contractor of....................  92-70 USAir.                                           
    Careless or Reckless...............................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
    Duty of care: Non-delegable........................  92-70 USAir; 93-16 Westair Commuter; 96-24 Horizon.    
    Employee...........................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
    Ground Security Coordinator, Failure to provide....  96-16 WestAir Commuter.                                
Aircraft Maintenance (see also Airworthiness,                                                                   
 Maintenance Manual):                                                                                           

[[Page 54835]]

                                                                                                                
    Generally..........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural 
                                                          Aviation; 93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines.                  
    Acceptable methods, techniques, and practices......  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    After certificate revocation.......................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    Airworthiness Directive, compliance with...........  96-18 Kilrain.                                         
    Inspection.........................................  96-18 Kilrain.                                         
    Major/minor repairs................................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    Minimum Equipment List (MEL).......................  94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon.                            
Aircraft Records:                                                                                               
    Aircraft Operation.................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
    Flight and Duty Time...............................  96-4 South Aero.                                       
    Maintenance Records................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.      
    ``Yellow tags''....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Aircraft--Weight and Balance: (See Weight and Balance)                                                          
Airmen:                                                                                                         
    Pilots.............................................  91-12 & 91-31 Tarry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.                    
    Altitude deviation.................................  92-49 Richardson & Shimp.                              
    Careless or Reckless...............................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-
                                                          29 Sweeney; 96-17 Fenner.                             
    Flight time limitations............................  93-11 Merkley.                                         
    Follow ATC Instruction.............................  91-12 & 91-91 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49       
                                                          Richardson & Shimp.                                   
    Low Flight.........................................  92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.                         
    Owner's responsibility.............................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    See and Avoid......................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
Air Operations Area (AOA):                                                                                      
    Air Carrier Responsibilities.......................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Airport Operator Responsibilities..................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1    
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
    Badge Display......................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.        
    Definition of......................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
    Exclusive Areas....................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          58 [Airport Operator].                                
Airport Security Program (ASP):                                                                                 
    Compliance with....................................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 96-1        
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
    Airport Operator Responsibilities..................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1    
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   
Air Traffic Control (ATC):                                                                                      
    Error as mitigating factor.........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.                           
    Error as exonerating factor........................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-50 Wendt.              
    Ground Control.....................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.           
    Local Control......................................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Tapes & Transcripts................................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shrimp.        
Airworthiness..........................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight         
                                                          Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11 
                                                          Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-18 Kilrain; 94-
                                                          25 USAir.                                             
Amicus Curiae Briefs...................................  90-25 Gabbert.                                         
Answer:                                                                                                         
    Timeliness of answer...............................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47        
                                                          Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5    
                                                          Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 94-43 Perez; 95-10
                                                          Diamond; 95-28 Atlantic.                              
    What constitutes...................................  92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck.                            
Appeals (See also Timeliness; Mailing Rule):                                                                    
    Briefs, Generally..................................  89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall;
                                                          92-39 Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl;  
                                                          94-23 Perez; 95-13 Kilrain.                           
    Additional Appeal Brief............................  92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28    
                                                          Strohl; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft; 91-18 Luxemburg; 94- 
                                                          29 Sutton.                                            
    Appeal dismissed as premature......................  95-19 Rayner.                                          
    Appeal dismised as moot after complaint withdrawn..  92-9 Griffin.                                          
    Appellate arguments................................  92-70 USAir.                                           

[[Page 54836]]

                                                                                                                
    Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal Courts).                                                           
    Good Cause for Late-Filing.........................  90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-
                                                          24 Easu; 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 91-1 Costello; 92-3     
                                                          Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre
                                                          Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne Co. 
                                                          Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-
                                                          31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-25         
                                                          Conquest.                                             
    Motion to Vacate construed as a brief..............  91-11 Continental Airlines.                            
    Perfecting an Appeal, generally....................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23     
                                                          Perez; 95-13 Kilrain; 96-5 Alphin Aircraft.           
        Extension of Time for (good cause for).........  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91- 
                                                          32 Bargen; 91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24   
                                                          Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez.                     
        Failure to.....................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird         
                                                          Accessories; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 
                                                          91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91- 
                                                          47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18
                                                          Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 
                                                          Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk      
                                                          Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78
                                                          TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31
                                                          Allen; 93-34 Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City        
                                                          Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French   
                                                          Aircraft; 94-34 American International Airways; 94-35 
                                                          American International Airways; 94-36 American        
                                                          International Airways; 95-4 Hanson; 95-22 & 96-5      
                                                          Alphin Aircraft; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 96-13 Winslow.
    What Constitutes...................................  90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23
                                                          Perez; 94-30 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23 Atlantic  
                                                          World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian.                      
    Service of brief:                                                                                           
        Failure to serve a party.......................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.                       
    Timeliness of Notice of Appeal.....................  90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69
                                                          McCabe; 93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse;  
                                                          95-15 Alphin Aviation; 96-14 Midtown Neo Sign Corp.   
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5   
                                                          Sussman; 90-6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-
                                                          9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 
                                                          90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-
                                                          40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-
                                                          5 Jones; 91-6; Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton;  
                                                          91-15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21 Britt    
                                                          Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental  
                                                          Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28 
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35
                                                          M. Graham; 91-36; Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America 
                                                          West; 91-42 Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan;
                                                          91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-
                                                          2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12   
                                                          Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg; 92-  
                                                          22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air      
                                                          Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 
                                                          92-43 Delta Air Lines; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92- 
                                                          54 & 92-55 Northwest Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61  
                                                          Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-79
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14
                                                          Fenske; 93-15 Browne; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22    
                                                          Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 
                                                          94-9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan        
                                                          American Airways; 94-13 Boyle; 94-14 B & G            
                                                          Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-33 Trans World Airlines;  
                                                          94-41 Dewey Towner; 94-42 Taylor; 95-1 Diamond        
                                                          Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air Lines; 95-5 Araya; 95-6      
                                                          Sutton; 95-7 Empire Airlines; 95-20 USAir; 95-21      
                                                          Faisca; 95-24 Delta Air Lines; 96-7 Delta Air Lines;  
                                                          96-8 Empire Airlines; 96-10 USAir; 96-11 USAir; 96-12 
                                                          USAir; 96-21 Houseal.                                 
Assault (see also Passenger Misconduct)................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
``Attempt''............................................  89-5 Schultz.                                          
Attorney Conduct:                                                                                               
    ``Obstreperous or Disruptive.......................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
Attorney Fees (See EAJA).                                                                                       
Aviation Safety Reporting System.......................  90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson &    
                                                          Shimp.                                                
Balloon (Hot Air)......................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                        
Bankruptcy.............................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
Battery................................................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
Certificates and Authorizations:                                                                                
    Surrender when revoked.............................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
Civil Air Security National Airport:                                                                            
    Inspection Program (CASNAIP).......................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
                                                          [Airport Operator].                                   

[[Page 54837]]

                                                                                                                
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction).                                                                            
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument).                                                                     
Collateral Estoppel....................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
Complaint:                                                                                                      
    Complainant Bound By...............................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.                              
    No Timely Answer to. (See Answer).                                                                          
    Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction....................  94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.          
    Timeliness of complaint............................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.   
    Withdrawal of......................................  94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.                             
Compliance & Enforcement Program:                                                                               
    (FAA Order No. 2150.3A)............................  89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
    Compliance/Enforcement Bulletins No. 92-3..........  96-19 [Air Carrier].                                   
    Sanction Guidance Table............................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37         
                                                          Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines. 
Concealment of Weapons (See Weapons Violations).                                                                
Consolidation of Cases.................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.             
Constitutionality (See also Double Jeopardy)...........  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 
                                                          96-1 [Airport Operator]; 96-25 USAir.                 
Continuance of Hearing.................................  90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.                         
Corrective Action (See Sanction)                                                                                
Credibility of Witnesses:                                                                                       
    Generally..........................................  95-25 Conquest Helicopters; 95-26 Hereth.              
    Defer to ALJ determination of......................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 95-26 Hereth. 
    Expert witnesses (See also Witnesses)..............  90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf; 96-3 American West       
                                                          Airlines.                                             
    Impeachment........................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
De facto answer........................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Deliberative Process Privilege.........................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19           
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
Deterrence.............................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service.                            
Discovery:                                                                                                      
    Deliberative Process Privilege.....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19           
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
    Depositions, generally.............................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
        Notice of deposition...........................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                 
    Failure to Produce.................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation;
                                                          93-10 Costello.                                       
        Sanction for...................................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.             
    Regarding Unrelated Case...........................  92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                                  
Double Jeopardy........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-26 Midtown.                  
Due Process:                                                                                                    
    Before finding a violation.........................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
    Violation of.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                          37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator].       
EAJA:                                                                                                           
    Adversary Adjudication.............................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota.                                            
    Amount of award....................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Appeal from ALJ decision...........................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                        
    Expert witness fees................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Final disposition..................................  96-22 Woodhouse.                                       
    Further proceedings................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
    Jurisdiction over appeal...........................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.                          
        Late-filed application.........................  96-22 Woodhouse.                                       
    Other expenses.....................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
    Postion of agency..................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    Prevailing party...................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                    
    Special circumstances..............................  95-18 Pacific Sky.                                     
    Substantial justification..........................  91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific  
                                                          Sky; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.              
    Supplementation of application.....................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
Evidence (See Proof & Evidence).                                                                                
Ex Parte Communications................................  93-10 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-19 Rayner.           
Expert Witnesses (See Witness).                                                                                 
Extension of Time:                                                                                              
    By Agreement of Parties............................  89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
    Dismissal by Decisionmaker.........................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.                              
    Good Cause for.....................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.                          
    Objection to.......................................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.              
    Who may grant......................................  90-27 Gabbert.                                         
Federal Courts.........................................  92-7 West.                                             
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.......................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
Federal Rules of Evidence (See also Proof & Evidence):                                                          
    Admissions.........................................  96-25 USAir.                                           

[[Page 54838]]

                                                                                                                
    Settlement Offers..................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Subsequent Remedial Measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                            
Final Oral Argument....................................  92-3 Park.                                             
Firearms (See Weapons).                                                                                         
Ferry Flights..........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
Flight & Duty Time:                                                                                             
    Circumstances beyond crew's control:                                                                        
        Generally......................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Foreseeability.................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Late freight...................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        Weather........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
    Competency check flights...........................  96-4 South Aero.                                       
    Limitation of Duty Time............................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.                
    Limitation of Flight Time..........................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
        ``Other commercial flying''....................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                 
Flights................................................  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                            
Freedom of Information Act.............................  93-10 Costello.                                        
Fuel Exhaustion........................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          
Guns (See Weapons).                                                                                             
Ground Security Coordinator, (See also Air Carrier;                                                             
 Standard Security Program):                                                                                    
    Failure to provide.................................  96-16 WestAir Commuter.                                
Hazardous Materials:                                                                                            
    Transportation of, generally.......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77
                                                          TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling;
                                                          95-12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.           
    Civil Penalty, generally...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-25 Midtown.                                        
        Corrective Action..............................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.                               
        Culpability....................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.               
        Financial hardship.............................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
            Installment plan...........................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
        First-time violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.               
        Gravity of violation...........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.
        Minimum penalty................................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
    Criminal Penalty...................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.                             
    EAJA, applicability of.............................  94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.                               
    Individual violations..............................  95-16 Mulhall.                                         
    Knowingly..........................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.         
Informal Conference....................................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                        
Initial Decision: What constitutes.....................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
Interference with crewmembers (see also Passenger        92-3 Park; 96-6 Ignatov.                               
 Misconduct; Assault).                                                                                          
    Interlocutory Appeal...............................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37   
                                                          Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan.                 
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-
                                                          73 Wyatt.                                             
Jurisdiction:                                                                                                   
    After initial decision.............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28    
                                                          Strohl.                                               
    After Order Assessing Civil Penalty................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    After withdrawal of complaint......................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
    $50,000 Limit......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
    EAJA cases.........................................  92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.                          
    HazMat cases.......................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
    NTSB...............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
Knowledge of concealed weapon (See also Weapons          89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
 Violation).                                                                                                    
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay).                                                                                
Mailing Rule, generally................................  89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
                                                          90-39 Hart.                                           
    Overnight express delivery.........................  89-6 American Airlines.                                
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance).                                                                         
Maintenance Instruction................................  93-36 Valley Air.                                      
Maintenance Manual.....................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 96-25 USAir.            
    Air carrier maintenance manual.....................  96-3 American West Airlines.                           
    Approved/accepted repairs..........................  96-3 American West Airlines.                           
    Manufacturer's maintenance manual..................  96-3 American West Airlines.                           
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft                                                                      
 Maintenance).                                                                                                  
Mootness, appeal dismissed as moot.....................  92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.                               
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP)....  96-16 Rocky Mountain.                                  
National Transportation Safety Board:                                                                           
    Administrator not bound by NTSB case law...........  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18   
                                                          Westair Communter.                                    
    Lack of Jurisdiction...............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74     
                                                          Wendt.                                                
Notice of Hearing: Receipt.............................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:                                                                               
    Initiates Action...................................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
    Signature of agency attorney.......................  93-12 Langton.                                         

[[Page 54839]]

                                                                                                                
    Withdrawal of......................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
Operate, generally.....................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.                                            
    Responsibility of aircraft owner/operator for        96-17 Fenner.                                          
     actions of pilot.                                                                                          
Oral Argument before Administrator on appeal:                                                                   
    Decision to hold...................................  92-16 Wendt.                                           
    Instructions for...................................  92-27 Wendt.                                           
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:                                                                                  
    Appeal from........................................  92-1 Costello; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    Timeliness of request for hearing..................  95-19 Rayner.                                          
    Withdrawal of......................................  89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 95-19    
                                                          Rayner.                                               
Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA): Failure to obtain...  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Passenger Misconduct...................................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Assault............................................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
    Interference with a crewmember.....................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
    Smoking............................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
Penalty (See Sanction; Hazardous Materials).                                                                    
Person.................................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
Proof & Evidence (See also Federal Rules of Evidence):                                                          
    Affirmative Defense................................  92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.                
    Burden of Proof....................................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92- 
                                                          13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.   
    Circumstantial Evidence............................  90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29        
                                                          Sweeney; 96-3 America West Airlines.                  
    Credibility (See Administrative Law Judges;                                                                 
     Credibility of Witnesses).                                                                                 
    Criminal standard rejected.........................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                   
    Closing Arguments (See also Final Oral Argument)...  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                            
    Extra-record material..............................  95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.                           
    Hearsay............................................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
    Preponderance of evidence..........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffrida.                                            
    Presumption that message on ATC tape is received as  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.         
     transmitted.                                                                                               
    Presumption that gun is deadly or dangerous........  90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.                         
    Presumption that owner gave pilot permission.......  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    Prima facie case...................................  95-26 Hereth, 96-3 America West.                       
    Settlement offer...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Subsequent remedial measures.......................  96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                            
    Substantial evidence...............................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                       
Prima Facie Case (See also Proof & Evidence)...........  95-26 Hereth; 96-3 America West Airlines.              
Pro Se Parties: Special Considerations.................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 95-25        
                                                          Conquest.                                             
Prosecutorial Discretion...............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38           
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46 
                                                          Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt; 95-17 Larry's Flying     
                                                          Service.                                              
Reconsideration:                                                                                                
    Denied by ALJ......................................  89-4 & 90-3 Metz.                                      
    Granted by ALJ.....................................  92-32 Barnhill.                                        
    Petition based on new material.....................  96-23 Kilrain.                                         
    Repetitious petitions..............................  96-9 [Airport Operator].                               
    Stay of Order Pending..............................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
    Remand.............................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24    
                                                          Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-1     
                                                          Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-37 Houston.      
    Repair Station.....................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 
                                                          94-2 Woodhouse.                                       
Request for Hearing....................................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                           
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G):                                                                  
    Applicability of...................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS   
                                                          Aviation.                                             
    Challenges to......................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Contenental Airlines; 90-21       
                                                          Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.                    
    Effect of Changes in...............................  90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
    Initiation of Action...............................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                             
Runway incursions......................................  92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter.                   
Sanction:                                                                                                       
    Ability to Pay.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10
                                                          Flight Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72       
                                                          Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51
                                                          Koblick; 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft      
                                                          Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-
                                                          17 Larry's Flying Service.                            
    Agency policy:                                                                                              
        ALJ Bound by...................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-19  
                                                          [Air Carrier].                                        
        Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A,          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 
         Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda pertaining    90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-4  
         to).                                             South Aero; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-25 USAir.         

[[Page 54840]]

                                                                                                                
    Consistency with Precedent.........................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-26 Midtown.                           
        But when precedent is based on superceded        96-19 [Air Carrier].                                   
         sanction policy.                                                                                       
    Corrective Action..................................  91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          41 [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18    
                                                          Westair Commuter; 94-28 Toyota; 96-4 South Aero; 96-19
                                                          [Air Carrier].                                        
    Discovery (See Discovery).                                                                                  
    Factors to consider................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 
                                                          91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport  
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight     
                                                          Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28 
                                                          Toyota; 95-11 Horizon; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-26     
                                                          Midtown.                                              
    First-Time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.     
    HazMat (See Hazardous Materials).                                                                           
    Inexperience.......................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
    Installment Payments...............................  95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.           
    Maintenance........................................  95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines.             
    Maximum............................................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller; 96-19 [Air Carrier].         
    Minimum (HazMat)...................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.                          
    Modified...........................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38     
                                                          Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines;  
                                                          92-32 Barnhill.                                       
    Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanction (See    94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.          
     also Complaint).                                                                                           
    Sanctions in specific cases:                                                                                
        Pilot Deviation................................  92-8 Watkins.                                          
        Test object detection..........................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air         
                                                          Carrier].                                             
        Unauthorized access............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;  
                                                          94-1 Delta Air Lines.                                 
        Weapons violations.............................  90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92- 
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5
                                                          Grant.                                                
Screening of Persons:                                                                                           
    Air Carrier failure to detect weapon Sanction......  94-44 American Airlines.                               
    Entering Sterile Areas.............................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.                              
Security (See Screening of Persons, Standard Security                                                           
 Program, Test Object Detection, Unauthorized Access,                                                           
 Weapons Violations).                                                                                           
Separation of Functions................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
                                                          90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38      
                                                          Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel.                    
Service (See also Mailing Rule; Receipt):                                                                       
    Of NPCP............................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
    Of FNPCP...........................................  93-13 Medel.                                           
    Receipt of document sent by mail...................  92-31 Eaddy.                                           
    Valid Service......................................  92-18 Bargen.                                          
Settlement.............................................  91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall.                  
Smoking................................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                      
Standard Security Program (SSP):                                                                                
    Compliance with....................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta 
                                                          Air Lines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1   
                                                          Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].                 
    Ground Security Coordinator........................  96-16 Westair Commuter.                                
Stay of Orders.........................................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.             
    Pending judicial review............................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                
Strict Liability.......................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 
                                                          91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].   
Test Object Detection..................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines;
                                                          92-13 Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].           
    Proof of violation.................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta  
                                                          Air Lines.                                            
    Sanction...........................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air         
                                                          Carrier].                                             
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Mailing Rule; and                                                               
 Appeals):                                                                                                      
    Of response to NPCP................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
    Of complaint.......................................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.               
    Of NPCP............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    Of request for hearing.............................  93-12 Langton; 95-19 Rayner.                           
    Of EAJA application (See EAJA-Final disposition,                                                            
     EAJA-Jurisdiction).                                                                                        
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer Approval)  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                              
Unauthorized Access:                                                                                            
    To Aircraft........................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air     
                                                          Lines.                                                
    To Air Operations Area (AOA).......................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
                                                          40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 
                                                          Delta Air Lines.                                      
Unreasonable Delay in Initiating Action................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of.............  92-40 Wendt.                                           
Weapons Violations, generally..........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23      
                                                          Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3      
                                                          Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32
                                                          Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59  
                                                          Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American Airlines.   

[[Page 54841]]

                                                                                                                
    Concealed weapon...................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.     
    ``Deadly or Dangerous''............................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.     
    First-time Offenders...............................  89-5 Schultz.                                          
    Intent to commit violation.........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26   
                                                          Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.                    
    Knowledge of Weapon Concealment (See also            89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                        
     Knowledge).                                                                                                
    Sanction (See Sanction).                                                                                    
Weight and Balance.....................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                              
Witnesses (See also Credibility):                                                                               
    Absence of, Failure to subpoena....................  92-3 Park.                                             
    Expert testimony: Evaluation of....................  93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney; 96-3    
                                                          America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air.              
    Expert witness fees (See EAJA).                                                                             
Regulations (Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted):                                                             
    1.1 (maintenance)..................................  94-38 Bohan.                                           
    1.1 (major repair).................................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    1.1 (minor repair).................................  96-3 America West Airlines.                            
    1.1 (operate)......................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-
                                                          17 Fenner.                                            
    1.1 (person).......................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
    1.1 (propeller)....................................  96-15 Valley Air.                                      
    13.16..............................................  90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest     
                                                          Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18    
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92- 
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-27   
                                                          Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling; 95-19 Rayner;  
                                                          96-26 Midtown.                                        
    13.201.............................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                            
    13.202.............................................  90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.        
    13.203.............................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38       
                                                          Continental Airlines.                                 
    13.204                                                                                                      
    13.205.............................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska     
                                                          Airlines; 92-32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 
                                                          94-39 Kirola; 95-16 Mulhall.                          
    13.206                                                                                                      
    13.207.............................................  94-39 Kirola.                                          
    13.208.............................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety
                                                          Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth.    
    13.209.............................................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-
                                                          32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety 
                                                          Equipment; 93-7 Dunn; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22   
                                                          Harkins; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 95-10 Diamond;  
                                                          95-28 Valley Air.                                     
    13.210.............................................  92-19 Cronwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-
                                                          7 Dunn; 93-28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna; 95-28
                                                          Valley Air; 96-17 Fenner.                             
    13.211.............................................  89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 
                                                          Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 
                                                          92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne County Airport; 92-74 Wendt;
                                                          92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant; 94-18 
                                                          Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota; 95-28 Valley   
                                                          Air.                                                  
    13.212.............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental        
                                                          Airlines.                                             
    13.213                                                                                                      
    13.214.............................................  91-3 Lewis.                                            
    13.215.............................................  93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.                            
    13.216                                                                                                      
    13.217.............................................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                    
    13.218.............................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 
                                                          90-39 Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific  
                                                          Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 
                                                          95-18 Rayner; 96-16 WestAir; 96-24 Horizon.           
    13.219.............................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91- 
                                                          54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit     
                                                          Metro. Wayne Airport.                                 
    13.220.............................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts      
                                                          Agricultural Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54      
                                                          Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                
    13.221.............................................  92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.             
    13.222.............................................  92-72 Giuffrida; 96-15 Valley Air.                     
    13.223.............................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida; 95-26    
                                                          Hereth; 96-15 Valley Air.                             
    13.224.............................................  90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72          
                                                          Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota; 95-25       
                                                          Conquest; 96-17 Fenner.                               
    13.225                                               .......................................................
    13.226                                               .......................................................
    13.227.............................................  90-21 Carroll; 95-26 Hereth.                           
    13.228.............................................  92-3 Park.                                             

[[Page 54842]]

                                                                                                                
    13.229                                               .......................................................
    13.230.............................................  92-19 Cornwall; 95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.           
    13.231.............................................  92-32 Park.                                            
    13.232.............................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18   
                                                          Bargen; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-
                                                          12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-6 Ignatov.               
    13.233.............................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner;  
                                                          89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11        
                                                          Thunderbird Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines;  
                                                          90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P.     
                                                          Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2   
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8   
                                                          Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11      
                                                          Continental Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 
                                                          Britt Airways; 91-31 Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91- 
                                                          43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta; 91-45 Park;
                                                          91-46 Delta; 91-47 Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS      
                                                          Aviation; 91-53 Koller; 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7
                                                          West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 
                                                          Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-27 Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill;  
                                                          92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36         
                                                          Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-52  
                                                          Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean Airways; 92-57 Detroit  
                                                          Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-67 USAir; 92-69 McCabe;  
                                                          92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74 Wendt; 92-78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt;  
                                                          93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-19   
                                                          Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-28 
                                                          Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-9 B & G          
                                                          Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-15      
                                                          Columna; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page; 94-
                                                          26 French Aircraft; 94-28 Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9  
                                                          Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain; 95-23 Atlantic World        
                                                          Airways; 95-25 Conquest; 95-26 Hereth; 96-1 [Airport  
                                                          Operator]; 96-2 Skydiving Center.                     
    13.234.............................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90- 
                                                          38 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95- 
                                                          12 Toyota; 96-9 [Airport Operator]; 96-23 Kilrain.    
    13.235.............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental       
                                                          Airlines; 90-15 Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.     
    Part 14............................................  92-74 & 93-2 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.          
    14.01..............................................  91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.                            
    14.04..............................................  91.17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello; 95- 
                                                          27 Valley Air.                                        
    14.05..............................................  90-17 Wilson.                                          
    14.12..............................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    14.20..............................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 96-22 Woodhouse.                   
    14.22..............................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                         
    14.26..............................................  91-52 KDS Aviation; 95-27 Valley Air.                  
    14.28..............................................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                        
    21.181.............................................  96-25 USAir.                                           
    21.303.............................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.    
    25.855.............................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
    39.3...............................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
    43.3...............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    43.5...............................................  96-18 Kilrain.                                         
    43.9...............................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
    43.13..............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38  
                                                          Bohan; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-25 USAir.       
    43.15..............................................  90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural         
                                                          Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse; 96-18 Kilrain.              
    65.15..............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    65.92..............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90).........................  92-3 Park.                                             
    91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90).........................  90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8       
                                                          Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & 
                                                          Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17 
                                                          Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-29 
                                                          Sutton; 95-26 Hereth; 96-17 Fenner.                   
    91.11..............................................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
    91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90).........................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight         
                                                          Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.            
    91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90).......................  91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.                          
    91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90).......................  91-29 Sweeney.                                         
    91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90).......................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt;
                                                          92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.                 
    91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90).......................  90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.          
    91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90).......................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.             
    91.103.............................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          
    91.111.............................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    91.113.............................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
    91.151.............................................  95-26 Hereth.                                          

[[Page 54843]]

                                                                                                                
    91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)......................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                      
    91.703.............................................  94-29 Sutton.                                          
    107.1..............................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4     
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
    107.13.............................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport      
                                                          Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport   
                                                          Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport   
                                                          Operator]; 96-1 [Airport Operator].                   
    107.20.............................................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.                              
    107.21.............................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23      
                                                          Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39     
                                                          Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 
                                                          Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-
                                                          46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson;
                                                          94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling.                           
    107.25.............................................  94-30 Columna.                                         
    108.5..............................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 
                                                          91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55   
                                                          Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-
                                                          44 American Airlines; 96-16 WestAir; 96-19 [Air       
                                                          Carrier].                                             
    108.7..............................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                    
    108.10.............................................  96-16 WestAir.                                         
    108.11.............................................  90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-
                                                          Sautter; 94-44 American Airlines.                     
    108.13.............................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
    121.133............................................  90-18 Continental Airlines.                            
    121.153............................................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West  
                                                          Airlines; 96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.                 
    121.317............................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                      
    121.318............................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
    121.367............................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 96-25 USAir.               
    121.571............................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                       
    121.628............................................  95-11 Horizon.                                         
    135.1..............................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-25 Conquest.                 
    135.5..............................................  94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-25     
                                                          Conquest; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.         
    135.25.............................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air; 95-27 Valley  
                                                          Air; 96-15 Valley Air.                                
    135.63.............................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service;
                                                          95-28 Atlantic; 96-4 South Aero.                      
    135.87.............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
    135.95.............................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                          
    135.185............................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                              
    135.263............................................  95-9 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.                
    135.267............................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-
                                                          4 South Aero.                                         
    135.293............................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-4 South Aero.         
    135.343............................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                          
    135.413............................................  94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.                     
    135.421............................................  93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.   
    135.437............................................  94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.                     
    145.53.............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
    145.57.............................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                        
    145.61.............................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                         
    191................................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest    
                                                          Airlines.                                             
    298.1..............................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                
    302.8..............................................  90-22 USAir.                                           
49 CFR:                                                                                                         
    1.47...............................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                
    171 et seq.........................................  95-10 Diamond.                                         
    171.2..............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall;
                                                          96-26 Midtown.                                        
    171.8..............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    172.101............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.
    172.200............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown. 
    172.202............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.203............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    172.204............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.300............................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.          
    172.301............................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.                         
    172.304............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.              
    172.400............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    172.402............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    172.406............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.1..............................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
    173.3..............................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    173.6..............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.22(a)..........................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          

[[Page 54844]]

                                                                                                                
    173.24.............................................  94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.                           
    173.25.............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.27.............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.115............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.240............................................  92-77 TCI.                                             
    173.243............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.260............................................  94-28 Toyota.                                          
    173.266............................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                          
    175.25.............................................  94-31 Smalling.                                        
    821.30.............................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
    821.33.............................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
Statutes:                                                                                                       
    5 U.S.C.:                                                                                                   
        504............................................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 &
                                                          93-9 Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI; 95-27 Valley    
                                                          Air; 96-22 Woodhouse.                                 
        552............................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10       
                                                          Costello.                                             
        554............................................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12       
                                                          Toyota.                                               
        556............................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.                  
        557............................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest       
                                                          Airlines; 94-28 Toyota.                               
        705............................................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                
        5332...........................................  95-27 Valley Air.                                      
    11 U.S.C.:                                                                                                  
        362............................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                             
    28 U.S.C.:                                                                                                  
        2412...........................................  93-10 Costello; 96-22 Woodhouse.                       
        2462...........................................  90-21 Carroll.                                         
    49 U.S.C.:                                                                                                  
        5123...........................................  95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.                          
        40102..........................................  96-17 Fenner.                                          
        44701..........................................  96-6 Ignatov; 96-17 Fenner.                            
        44704..........................................  96-3 America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air.          
        46110..........................................  96-22 Woodhouse.                                       
    49 U.S.C. App.:                                                                                             
        1301(31) (operate).............................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
            (32) (person)..............................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                
        1356...........................................  90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.              
        1357...........................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41        
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].         
        1421...........................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 
                                                          Wendt.                                                
        1429...........................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                           
        1471...........................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90- 
                                                          18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 
                                                          & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
                                                          90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-
                                                          18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta Air   
                                                          Lines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;  
                                                          92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-
                                                          20 Conquest Helicopters; 94-40 Polynesian Airways; 96-
                                                          6 Ignatov.                                            
        1472...........................................  96-6 Ignatov.                                          
        1475...........................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-
                                                          19 & 91-1 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18     
                                                          [Airport Operator]; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.         
        1486...........................................  90-21 Carroll; 96-22 Woodhouse.                        
        1809...........................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31     
                                                          Smalling; 95-12 Toyota.                               
                                                                                                                

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Digests

(Current as of September 30, 1996)

    The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are 
arranged by order number and briefly summarize key points of each 
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final 
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from July 1, 1996, to 
September 30, 1996. The FAA will publish noncumulative supplements to 
this compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g., April, July, October, and 
January of each year).
    These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be 
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as 
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other 
interested persons should always consult the full text of the 
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

In the Matter of Donald M. Missirlian Order No. 96-20 (7/31/96)

    Notice of Appeal Construed as Brief. Mr. Missirlian's notice of 
appeal contains sufficient information and argument to meet the 
requirements for an appeal brief. Agency counsel is given 35 days in 
which to file a reply brief.

In the Matter of Matthew P. Houseal Order No. 96-21 (8/2/96)

    Appeal dismissed. Respondent has withdrawn his notice of appeal. 
The appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of Mary Woodhouse Order No. 96-22 (8/13/96)

    Late-filed EAJA Application. The Administrator affirmed the law 
judge's order dismissing Ms. Woodhouse's

[[Page 54845]]

EAJA application for lack of jurisdiction.
    Ms. Woodhouse was a partially prevailing party in Order No. 94-2. 
She filed a petition for review with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 
Ninth Circuit, but she submitted the petition late, and for that 
reason, the Court dismissed the petition for lack of jurisdiction. 
Subsequently, Ms. Woodhouse filed an application for fees and expenses 
with the Agency. Her application was filed approximately 5 months after 
the issuance of Order No. 94-2.
    Under 14 CFR 14.20, an EAJA application may be filed by a 
prevailing party ``but in no case later than 30 days after the FAA 
Decisionmaker's final disposition of the proceeding.'' In this case, 
the Administrator's decision became the final disposition on the last 
date on which Ms. Woodhouse could have petitioned the Administrator to 
reconsider Order No. 94-2 (or 30 days after the issuance of Order No. 
94-2). Then under the EAJA, Ms. Woodhouse had an additional 30 days in 
which to file her application. In other words, she has a total of 60 
days in which to file her application with the Agency, but she failed 
to file in that time period.
    Ms. Woodhouse argues that her application was timely because it was 
filed within 30 days of the Court's order denying her motion to 
reconsider its order dismissing her petition for review for lack of 
jurisdiction. She argues that it does not matter that the Court 
dismissed her petition for review for lack of jurisdiction. However, 
even if an EAJA application is not due until after an appellate court 
reviews a petition for review, that assumes the filing of a timely 
petition for review. Filing the petition for review after the 
expiration of the time period for filing a petition for review did not 
toll the time period for filing the EAJA application because Ms. 
Woodhouse had already foregone her right to seek Federal appellate 
court review of the Administrator's decision.
    The 30-day limitation period for filing an EAJA application is 
jurisdictional and must be strictly construed in favor of the 
government because it is a waiver of the government's sovereign 
immunity. Thus, the Administrator lacks the authority to waive or 
extend the time limitation for filing the EAJA application in this 
case.

In the Matter of Thomas Kilrain Order No. 96-23 (8/13/96)
    Petition for Reconsideration Denied. Mr. Kilrain sought 
reconsideration based upon his intention to ``submit newly obtained 
evidence.'' He failed to demonstrate that reconsideration based upon 
new matter is warranted under 14 CFR 13.234(c).; as a result, his 
petition for reconsideration is denied.

In the Matter of Horizon Air Industries, Inc. Order No. 96-24 (8/13/96)

    Air Carrier Responsible for Employee Negligence. A Horizon flight 
took off with tape covering the static ports, resulting in erroneous 
altimeter and airspeed readings. The law judge correctly held that 
Horizon was responsible for the negligence of its employees--both its 
pilot, who failed to perform an adequate pre-flight inspection, and its 
maintenance personnel, who failed to remove tape from the static ports 
after washing the aircraft.
    Consideration of Unauthenticated Exhibits Harmless Error. It was 
improper for the law judge to consider unauthenticated exhibits, 
particularly evidence of subsequent remedial measures. However, the law 
judge's error is harmless because, even without the documents, the 
agency was entitled to judgment as matter of law.

In the Matter of USAir, Inc. Order No. 96-25 (8/13/96)

    Failure to Perform High Energy Stop Inspection. The law judge 
properly found that USAir violated 14 CFR 43.13, which requires air 
carriers to comply with the manufacturer's maintenance manual. There is 
no merit in USAir's argument that the manual was not clear enough on 
when a high energy stop inspection is required.
    Operating an Unairworthy Aircraft. The law judge erred in failing 
to find violation of 14 CFR 121.153, which prohibits operating an 
unairworthy aircraft. USAir operated aircraft on 8 domestic flights 
before taking it out of service to perform the required high energy 
stop inspection. It is provided expressly in 14 CFR 21.181 that an 
airworthiness certificate is effective only as long as maintenance is 
performed in accordance with 14 CFR Part 43. Because the law judge 
properly found a violation of 14 CFR 43.13, he should also have found 
that USAir operated an unairworthy airdraft.
    Sanction. As a result of the law judge's error in failing to find 
that USAir operated an unairworthy aircraft on 8 separate flights, the 
$5,000 civil penalty he assessed is too low. The $40,000 proposed civil 
penalty is reinstated.

In the Matter of Midtown Neon Sign Corp. Order No. 96-26 (8/13/96)

    Proposed Hazmat Sanction Reinstated. The law judge reduced the 
$25,000 civil penalty proposed by the agency attorney in this case 
involving an undeclared, leaking shipment of 2 one-gallon cans of 
paint, a flammable, hazardous material, to $8,000. Due to several 
critical errors in the law judge's sanction analysis, the $25,000 
penalty is reinstated. The law judge thought the agency attorney had 
proven only one third of the violations originally alleged, and reduced 
the civil penalty on a pro rata basis. The law judge also seems to have 
multiplied the number of violations by a set dollar amount. This 
mathematical, formulaic approach is inappropriate and is not the 
approach mandated by the statute. The statute provides that in setting 
the penalty one must consider all the factors that justice requires. 
The Administrator's precedent indicates that it is the egregiousness of 
the respondent's conduct and not the number of violations that 
justifies the assessment of a particular civil penalty.
    Double Jeopardy Clause. The law judge based his decision to reduce 
the sanction in part on the Double Jeopardy Clause of the United States 
Constitution. The law judge stated that the multiple punishments 
component of the Double Jeopardy Clause prohibited him from finding 
violations of certain general, introductory sections of the Hazardous 
Materials Regulations when he was also finding violations of more 
specific regulations.
    Even if the Double Jeopardy Clause applies in civil penalty cases 
arising under the Federal hazardous material statute--and it has not 
been established that it does--a civil penalty of $25,000 would still 
be appropriate. Even if the three general, introductory sections are 
not counted, there were still 9 violations under the law judge's 
analysis, each with a maximum civil penalty of $25,000. Thus, the 
proposed civil penalty of $25,000 is well within the range contemplated 
by Congress, and is appropriate given all the factors that Congress 
requires the Administrator to consider. Moreover, a penalty of $25,000 
is not inconsistent with previous penalties imposed.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrators

Civil Penalty Decisions and Orders

    1. Commercial Publications: The Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty cases are now available in the following 
commercial publications:

AvLex, published by Aviation Daily, 1156 15th Street, NW, Washington, 
DC 20005, (202) 822-4669;
Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing 
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (410) 798-1677;
Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, 50 Broad Street

[[Page 54846]]

East, Rochester, NY 14694, (716) 546-1490.

    2. Disks/CD-ROM. The decisions and orders may be obtained on disk 
from Aviation Records, Inc., P.O. Box 172, Battle Ground, WA 98604, 
(206) 896-0376. Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main Street, 
Gruver, TX 79040, (806) 733-2483, is placing the decisions on CD-ROM.
    3. On-Line Services. The Administrator's decisions and orders in 
civil penalty cases are available on Compuserve, FedWorld, and Westlaw. 
The Database ID for Westlaw is FTRAN-FAA.
    The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial 
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and 
accurate manner. No decision has been made yet on this matter, and for 
the time being, the FAA will continue to prepare and publish the 
subject-matter index and digests.
FAA Offices
    The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are 
available for public inspection and copying at the following location 
in FAA headquarters:

FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence 
Avenue, SW., Room 924A, Washington, DC 20591; (202) 267-3641.

    These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center 
legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd., 
Oklahoma City, OK 73125; (405) 954-3296.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7), 
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513; 
(907) 271-5269.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7), 
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building, 
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7), 
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Federal 
building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-3285.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), 2300 East Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708) 
294-7108.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park, 
Room 401, Burlington, MA 01803-5299; (617) 238-7050.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region 
(ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW, 
Renton, WA 98055-4056; (206) 227-2007.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7), 
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA 
30337, (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7), 
Southwest Region Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 
76137-4298; (817) 222-5087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7), 
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic city 
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region 
(AWP-7), Western--Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation 
Boulevard, Lawndale, CA 990261; (310) 725-7100.

    Issued in Washington, DC on October 15, 1996.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 96-27070 Filed 10-21-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M