[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 167 (Tuesday, August 27, 1996)]
[Notices]
[Pages 44050-44057]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-21827]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
[AD-FRL-5559-5]


Control Techniques Guidelines for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair 
Operations (Surface Coating)

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice of release of control techniques guidelines (CTG).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The CTG for control of volatile organic compound (VOC) 
emissions from surface coating operations in the shipbuilding and ship 
repair industry is available to assist States in analyzing and 
determining reasonably available control technology (RACT) for 
shipbuilding and ship repair operations located within ozone national 
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) nonattainment areas. The CTG also 
sets forth the adoption and implementation dates for RACT. The CTG for 
Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Operations (Surface Coating) is not being 
issued as a stand-alone document. Rather, it is a combination of the 
information contained in this notice and in the EPA's previously 
published alternative control techniques (ACT) document for this 
emission source category.

EFFECTIVE DATE: Any State that has not adopted an approvable RACT 
regulation for the source category addressed by this CTG must submit a 
RACT regulation for these sources within one year from the date of 
publication of this action in the Federal Register. For any State that 
has adopted an approvable RACT regulation for the source category 
addressed by this CTG, Section 182(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) 
requires these States to submit a revision to the applicable 
implementation plan, to include provisions that require the 
implementation of RACT. This revision shall be submitted to the EPA not 
later than August 27, 1997. Furthermore, all States must require 
sources to implement the required limitations and work practices under 
these adopted RACT regulations not later than August 27, 1998.

ADDRESSES: Alternative Control Techniques (ACT) Document. The EPA 
published the ACT document for surface coating operations at 
shipbuilding and ship repair facilities in April 1994. A copy of the 
ACT document may be obtained from the National Technical Information 
Services (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161, 
telephone number (800) 553-NTIS. Specify the following title when 
ordering: ``Alternative Control Techniques Document: Surface Coating 
Operations at Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities'' (EPA 453/R-94-
032).
    Docket: Following publication of the ACT document, the recommended 
RACT was developed concurrently with maximum achievable control 
technology (MACT), on which standards issued under Section 112 of the 
CAA were based. The rulemaking docket, No. A-92-11, is available for 
inspection and copying from 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
at the EPA's Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, Waterside 
Mall, Room M-1500, Ground Floor, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 
20460; telephone number (202) 260-7548, FAX (202) 260-4400. A 
reasonable fee may be charged for copying.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Mohamed Serageldin at (919) 541-
2379, Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards Division 
(MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 
North Carolina 27711.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Potentially Affected Entities. Entities 
potentially affected by this action are those shipbuilding and ship 
repair operations which are (or have the potential to become) ``major'' 
sources of VOC emissions and are located in nonattainment areas of 
ozone.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Category                                Examples of potentially affected entities               
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry...............................  Any building or repairing, repainting, converting, or alteration of    
                                          ships. The term ship means any marine or fresh-water vessel, including
                                          self-propelled by other craft (barges), and navigational aids (buoys).
                                         Note: Offshore oil and gas drilling platforms and vessels used by      
                                          individuals for noncommercial, nonmilitary, and recreational purposes 
                                          that are less than 20 meters in length are not considered ships.      

[[Page 44051]]

                                                                                                                
Federal Gov't..........................  Federal Agencies which undertake shipbuilding or ship repair operations
                                          (see above) such as the Navy and Coast Guard.                         
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities which are the focus of this 
action. This table lists the types of entities that the EPA is now 
aware could potentially be affected by this action. Other types of 
entities not listed in the table could also be affected (see definition 
of ship in Appendix B). If you have questions regarding the focus or 
applicability of this action, consult the person listed in the 
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this notice.
    The substantive presumptive RACT determination set out in this 
action is intended solely as guidance, does not represent final EPA 
action, and is not fully developed for judicial review. It is not 
intended, nor can it be relied upon, to create any rights enforceable 
by any party in litigation with the United States. The EPA officials 
may decide to follow the guidance provided in this action, or to act at 
variance with the guidance, based on an analysis of specific 
circumstances. The EPA also may change this guidance at any time 
without public notice.
    Electronic versions of the ACT document as well as this action are 
available for download from the EPA's Technology Transfer Network 
(TTN), a collection of the EPA's electronic bulletin boards developed 
and operated by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. The 
TTN provides information and technology exchange in various areas of 
air pollution control. The service is free, except for the cost of a 
telephone call. Dial (919) 541-5742 for data transfer of up to a 14,400 
bits per second. Internet access is available at http://www.epa.gov/
oar/ttn__bbs.htm/. Additional information on TTN is available from the 
HELP line at (919)541-5384.
    The information presented in this section is organized as follows:

I. Background and Purpose
II. BACM and ``Presumptive RACT''
III. Modification to the ACT Document
IV. Model Rule
V. Summary of Impacts
VI. Administrative Designation and Regulatory Analysis
Appendix A. Thinning Calculations
Appendix B. Definitions
Appendix C. Thinning Chart (Figure 1)
Appendix D. VOC Data Sheet

I. Background and Purpose

    Section 183(b)(4) of the CAA specifically requires the EPA to issue 
a CTG for the shipbuilding and ship repair industry, to reduce air 
emissions of VOC and particulate matter from coatings (paints) and 
solvents used at new and existing shipbuilding and ship repair 
facilities. However, unlike the more general CTG requirements which 
require the EPA to establish a RACT level of control, Section 183(b)(4) 
requires the EPA to establish a CTG based on best available control 
measures (BACM) for emissions of VOC and particles with an aerodynamic 
diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers (PM-10) from 
the removal or application of coatings and solvents at shipbuilding and 
ship repair facilities. The BACM is a broadly defined term referring to 
``best'' technologies and other ``best'' available measures that can be 
used to control pollution. A discussion of the analogy between BACM and 
reasonable available control measures is presented in State 
Implementation Plans for Serious PM-10 Nonattainment Areas, and 
Attainment Date Waivers for PM-10 Nonattainment Areas Generally; 
Addendum to the General Preamble for Implementation of Title I of the 
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (59 FR 41998, August 16, 1994).
    Pursuant to Section 183 of the CAA, the EPA is required to issue 
CTG for the purpose of assisting States in developing RACT level of 
controls for sources of VOC emissions. In turn, each State is required 
to submit a revision to its State implementation plan (SIP) providing 
RACT regulations for sources of VOC that are located in moderate or 
above ozone nonattainment areas. Specifically, Section 182(b)(2) of the 
CAA requires States to submit RACT regulations for sources of VOC that 
are covered by a CTG issued after enactment of the Clean Air Act of 
1990, but prior to the time of attainment. The CTG also applies to 
those facilities in nonattainment areas located in States which already 
have existing shipbuilding and ship repair (or marine) coating 
regulations; the State limits must be at least as stringent as the CTG 
limits or otherwise must be determined to meet RACT (and in this case, 
BACM).
    The CTG review current knowledge and data concerning the technology 
and costs of various emissions control techniques. The CTG are intended 
to provide State and local air pollution authorities with an 
information base for proceeding with their own analyses of RACT to meet 
statutory requirements. States may choose to develop their own RACT 
requirements on a case-by-case basis, considering the emission 
reductions needed to attain achievement of the NAAQS and the economic 
and technical circumstances of the individual source.
    The application of RACT and resulting VOC emissions reduction is to 
``enhance the quality of the Nation's air resources so as to promote 
the public health and welfare and productive capacity of its 
population.'' The intent of this action is to protect the public health 
by requiring the highest degree of reduction in VOC emissions in ozone 
nonattainment areas, taking into consideration the cost of achieving 
such emission reduction, any nonair quality, health and environmental 
impacts, and energy requirements.
    The VOC that are emitted by shipbuilding and ship repair facilities 
include xylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl alcohol, butyl 
alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl 
ketone, ethylene glycol, and glycol ethers. All of these VOC contribute 
significantly to the formation of ground level ozone which can damage 
lung tissue and cause serious respiratory illness. Additionally, VOC 
can cause reversible or irreversible toxic effects following exposure. 
The potential toxic effects include eye, nose, throat, and skin 
irritation and blood cell, heart, liver, and kidney damage. The adverse 
health effects are associated with a wide range of ambient 
concentration and exposure time and are influenced by source-specific 
characteristics such as emission rates and local meteorological 
conditions. Health impacts are also dependent on the multiple factors 
that affect human variability such as genetics, age, health status 
(e.g., the presence of pre-existing disease), and lifestyle. 
Implementation of BACM described in the CTG will reduce VOC emissions 
from shipbuilding and ship repair surface coating operations by 1,250 
megagrams Mg (1,370 tons per year).

II. BACM and ``Presumptive RACT''

    In developing the CTG for this industry, the EPA reviewed current 
knowledge and data concerning the

[[Page 44052]]

technology and costs of various emission control techniques. The type 
and level of VOC control identified as BACM is based on the marine 
coating VOC limits being used in California (with some exceptions and 
modifications). Table 1 presents the various paint categories with the 
maximum as-applied VOC content allowed for each under BACM. These same 
limits were similarly used in the development of national emission 
standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for this same industry 
and serve as the basis for MACT. The VOC coating limits have not 
changed from what was proposed and promulgated in the NESHAP. Also 
included in BACM are work practice guidelines that state: (1) all 
handling and transfers of VOC-containing materials to and from 
containers, tanks, vats, drums, and piping systems are conducted in a 
manner that minimizes spills, and (2) all containers, tanks, vats, 
drums, and piping systems are free of cracks, holes, and other defects 
and remain closed unless materials are being added to or removed from 
them.
    With regard to PM-10 emissions, the EPA determined BACM to be no 
control. At proposal, the EPA found no sufficiently demonstrated 
technology to recommend for quantifiably controlling PM-10 emissions. 
The technologies in use and under development were discussed in the ACT 
document. There has been no new information received since the proposal 
that would lead the EPA to change that position.
    Based on the EPA's work on the MACT standard and the ACT, the EPA 
has determined that the use of lower-VOC paints is the only 
technologically and economically feasible level of control for these 
sources that the EPA can establish on a category-wide basis. The EPA is 
recommending BACM, which was published for comment along with the 
NESHAP (59 FR 62681, December 6, 1994), be selected. Final BACM was 
identified in this action and was considered the ``presumptive norm'' 
or presumptive RACT for the source category. However, BACM, the 
presumptive norm, is only a recommendation. Individual sources may have 
alternative BACM requirements imposed by making an adequate 
infeasibility demonstration (44 FR 53761, September 17, 1979). States 
and sources may elect to establish alternative types of control for 
submittal to the EPA in a SIP revision. The EPA would make a final 
determination of whether such controls meet the RACT requirement of 
Section 182(b)(2) and BACM requirement of Section 183(b)(4), through 
notice-and-comment rulemaking action on the SIP submittal.
    The EPA believes that RACT, BACM, and MACT are identical in this 
instance on a category-wide basis. While typically MACT (``maximum'') 
implies more stringent control than BACM (``best''), which in turn 
implies more stringent control than RACT (``reasonable''), the EPA 
recognizes that there may be isolated instances when there is such a 
limited range of controls for a specified industry or industry process 
that two or all three of these levels of control may be identical. For 
a general discussion of these terms, refer to ``State Implementation 
Plans for Serious PM-10 Nonattainment Areas, and Attainment Date 
Waivers for PM-10 Nonattainment Areas Generally; Addendum to the 
General Preamble for the Implementation of Title I of the Clean Air Act 
Amendments of 1990'' (59 FR 41998, August 16, 1994).
    The cost-effectiveness of add-on controls of VOC emissions for 
spray booth painting and tank painting operations was determined to be 
low. However, the variability and size of tanks inside a ship that may 
be painted, at any one time, in a shipyard makes evaluation of add-on 
controls on a category-wide basis difficult. Controls have to be 
evaluated on a case-by-case basis. It should be noted that automated, 
high-use paint operations may be feasibly controlled and would have to 
be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

III. Modifications to the ACT Document

    There have been some substantive technical changes since the ACT 
document for this industry was published in April 1994. Most notable of 
those changes is the inclusion of cold weather coating limits and the 
incorporation of both mass VOC per volume (g VOC/L) of coating less 
water and exempt solvents emission limits and the equivalent mass VOC 
per volume of solids (nonvolatiles) emission limits (see Table 1 in 
this notice). The solids based units should be used to determine 
compliance whenever thinning solvent is added to a coating. This change 
was made to provide a uniform basis for all calculations related to 
emission reductions (i.e., associated with thinning additions or add-on 
control devices). The procedure for calculating the VOC content of a 
given coating to which thinning solvent is added is provided in 
Appendix A to this notice. Information in Appendix C and Appendix D may 
also be used to calculate VOC content.
    The promulgated NESHAP for this industry (60 FR 64330, December 15, 
1995) also reflects technical changes made as a result of public 
comments and provides information for air quality management agencies 
to consider in the development of an enforceable regulation limiting 
VOC emissions from shipbuilding and ship repair surface coating 
operations. Additional information related to the promulgated NESHAP is 
presented in the ``Background Information for Final Standards'' (EPA/
453-R-96-003B).

IV. Model Rule

    In effect, the NESHAP can be used as a ``model rule'' providing an 
organizational framework and regulatory language specifically tailored 
for surface coating operations at shipyards. Information is provided on 
applicability, definitions, format of standards, compliance 
determinations (calculations), and reporting and recordkeeping. Many of 
the definitions used in the ACT were modified/clarified for the NESHAP; 
therefore, Appendix B to this notice has been included to provide the 
updated terminology and definitions, including technical amendments to 
the NESHAP.
    The various compliance options are described and illustrated (in a 
flow diagram) in the NESHAP as well. The State or other implementing 
agency can exercise its prerogative to consider other options provided 
they meet the objectives prescribed in this action. This guidance is 
for instructional purposes only and, as such, is not binding. The State 
or other enforcement agency should consider all information presented 
in the ACT document, the promulgated NESHAP, and this final action 
along with additional information about specific sources to which the 
regulation will apply.

V. Summary of Impacts

    The EPA estimates the State and local regulations developed 
pursuant to this CTG could affect about 100 facilities, reduce 
emissions of VOCs by approximately 1,250 Mg per year, and result in 
nationwide costs of approximately $1.1 million. These costs are in 
addition to the $2.0 million assigned to the NESHAP for controlling 
volatile organic hazardous air pollutants (VOHAP) (and VOC) emissions 
from the 35 major source shipyards. Further information on costs and 
controls is presented in the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair ACT guideline 
document (EPA 453/R-94-032; NTIS PB94-181694) published in April l994.

VI. Administrative Designation and Regulatory Analysis

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the EPA 
must

[[Page 44053]]

determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and 
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget review and the 
requirements of the Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant 
regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a rule that may:
    (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more, 
or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the 
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
communities.
    (2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an 
action taken or planned by another agency.
    (3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, 
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligations of 
recipients thereof.
    (4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal 
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in 
the Executive Order.
    It has been determined that this CTG document is not a 
``significant regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order 
12866 and is therefore not subject to OMB review. This CTG document is 
not a ``rulemaking,'' rather it provides information to States to aid 
them in developing rules.

                Table 1.--VOC Limits for Marine Coatings                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               VOC limitsa b            
                                  --------------------------------------
                                   Grams/liter     Grams/liter solidsc  
                                     coating   -------------------------
         Coating Category             (minus                            
                                    water and    t  4.5       deg.Cd  
                                    compounds)     deg.C                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
General use......................          340          571          728
Specialty:                                                              
    Air flask....................          340          571          728
    Antenna......................          530        1,439  ...........
    Antifoulant..................          400          765          971
    Heat resistant...............          420          841        1,069
    High-gloss...................          420          841        1,069
    High-temperature.............          500        1,237        1,597
    Inorganic zinc high-build....          340          571          728
    Military exterior............          340          571          728
    Mist.........................          610        2,235  ...........
    Navigational aids............          550        1,597  ...........
    Nonskid......................          340          571          728
    Nuclear......................          420          841        1,069
    Organic zinc.................          360          630          802
    Pretreatment wash primer.....          780       11,095  ...........
    Repair and maint. of                                                
     thermoplastics..............          550        1,597  ...........
    Rubber camouflage............          340          571          728
    Sealant for thermal spray                                           
     aluminum....................          610        2,235  ...........
    Special marking..............          490        1,178  ...........
    Speciality interior..........          340          571          728
    Tack coat....................          610        2,235  ...........
    Undersea weapons systems.....          340          571          728
    Weld-through precon. primer..          650        2,885  ...........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The limits are expressed in two sets of equivalent units. Either set  
  of limits may be used to demonstrate compliance.                      
b To convert from g/L to lb/gal, multiply by (3,785 L/gal)(1/453.6 lb/g)
  or 1/120. For compliance purposes, metric units define the standards. 
c VOC limits expressed in units of mass of VOC per volume of solids were
  derived from the VOC limits expressed in units of mass of VOC per     
  volume of coating assuming the coatings contain no water or exempt    
  compounds and that the volumes of all components within a coating are 
  additive.                                                             
d These limits apply during cold-weather time periods (i.e.,            
  temperatures below 4.5 deg.C). Cold-weather allowances are not given  
  to coatings in categories that permit less than 40 percent solids     
  (nonvolatiles) content by volume. Such coatings are subject to the    
  same limits regardless of weather conditions.                         

Appendix A. Procedure to Determine VOC Contents of Coatings to Which 
Thinning Solvent Will Be Added

    For a coating to which thinning solvent is routinely or sometimes 
added, the owner or operator shall determine the VOC content as 
follows:
    (1) Prior to the first application of each batch, designate a 
single thinner for the coating and calculate the maximum allowable 
thinning ratio (or ratios, if the affected source complies with the 
cold-weather limits in addition to the other limits specified in Table 
1 for each batch as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN27AU96.000

Where:

R = Maximum allowable thinning ratio for a given batch (L thinner/L 
coating as supplied);
Vs = Volume fraction of solids in the batch as supplied (L solids/
L coating as supplied);
VOC limit = Maximum allowable as-applied VOC content of the coating (g 
VOC/L solids);
mVOC = VOC content of the batch as supplied (g VOC/L coating as 
supplied);
Dth = Density of the thinner (g/L).

    If Vs is not supplied directly by the coating manufacturer, 
the owner or operator shall determine Vs as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN27AU96.001

Where:


[[Page 44054]]


mvolatiles = Total volatiles in the batch, including VOC, water, 
and exempt compounds (g/L coating); and
Davg = Average density of volatiles in the batch (g/L).

    In addition, the owner or operator may choose to construct 
nomographs, based on Equation 1, similar or identical to the one 
provided in Appendix C (Figure 1) as a means of easily estimating the 
maximum allowable thinning ratio. The VOC Data Sheet included as 
Appendix D also provides useful information in determining compliance 
with the applicable VOC coating limit.

Appendix B. Definitions

    Terms used in this CTG are defined in the CAA or in this section as 
follows:
    Add-on control system means an air pollution control device such as 
a carbon absorber or incinerator that reduces pollution in an air 
stream by destruction or removal prior to discharge to the atmosphere.
    Affected source means any shipbuilding or ship repair facility 
having surface coating operations with a minimum 1,000 liters (L) (264 
gallons (gal)) annual marine coating usage.
    Air flask specialty coating means any special composition coating 
applied to interior surfaces of high pressure breathing air flasks to 
provide corrosion resistance and that is certified safe for use with 
breathing air supplies.
    Antenna specialty coating means any coating applied to equipment 
through which electromagnetic signals must pass for reception or 
transmission.
    Antifoulant specialty coating means any coating that is applied to 
the underwater portion of a vessel to prevent or reduce the attachment 
of biological organisms and that is registered with the EPA as a 
pesticide under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide 
Act.
    As applied means the condition of a coating at the time of 
application to the substrate, including any thinning solvent.
    As supplied means the condition of a coating before any thinning, 
as sold and delivered by the coating manufacturer to the user.
    Batch means the product of an individual production run of a 
coating manufacturer's process. (A batch may vary in composition from 
other batches of the same product.)
    Bitumens mean black or brown materials that are soluble in carbon 
disulfide, which consist mainly of hydrocarbons.
    Bituminous resin coating means any coating that incorporates 
bitumens as a principal component and is formulated primarily to be 
applied to a substrate or surface to resist ultraviolet radiation and/
or water.
    Certify means, in reference to the VOC content of a coating, to 
attest to the VOC content as determined through analysis by Method 24 
of Appendix A to Part 60 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations 
(CFR) or to attest to the VOC content as determined through an EPA-
approved test method. In the case of conflicting results, the EPA 
Method 24 shall take precedence.
    Coating means any material that can be applied as a thin layer to a 
substrate and which cures to form a continuous solid film.
    Cold-weather time period means any time during which the ambient 
temperature is below 4.5 deg.C (40 deg.F) and coating is to be applied.
    Container of coating means the container from which the coating is 
applied, including but not limited to a bucket or pot.
    Cure volatiles means reaction products which are emitted during the 
chemical reaction which takes place in some coating films at the cure 
temperature. These emissions are other than those from the solvents in 
the coating and may, in some cases, comprise a significant portion of 
total VOC and/or VOHAP emissions.
    Epoxy means any thermoset coating formed by reaction of an epoxy 
resin (i.e., a resin containing a reactive epoxide with a curing 
agent).
    Exempt compounds means specified organic compounds that are not 
considered VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. Exempt 
compounds are specified in 40 CFR Sec. 51.100(s).
    Facility means all contiguous or adjoining property that is under 
common ownership or control, including properties that are separated 
only by a road or other public right-of-way.
    General use coating means any coating that is not a specialty 
coating.
    Heat resistant specialty coating means any coating that during 
normal use must withstand a temperature of at least 204 deg.C 
(400 deg.F).
    High-gloss specialty coating means any coating that achieves at 
least 85 percent reflectance on a 60 degree meter when tested by the 
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Method D-523.
    High-temperature specialty coating means any coating that during 
normal use must withstand a temperature of at least 426 deg.C 
(800 deg.F).
    Inorganic zinc (high-build) specialty coating means a coating that 
contains 960 grams per liter (eight pounds per gallon) or more 
elemental zinc incorporated into an inorganic silicate binder that is 
applied to steel to provide galvanic corrosion resistance. (These 
coatings are typically applied at more than two mil dry film 
thickness.)
    Maximum allowable thinning ratio means the maximum volume of 
thinner that can be added per volume of coating without violating the 
applicable VOC limit (see Table 1).
    Military exterior specialty coating or Chemical Agent Resistant 
Coatings means any exterior topcoat applied to military or U.S. Coast 
Guard vessels that are subject to specific chemical, biological, and 
radiological washdown requirements.
    Mist specialty coating means any low viscosity, thin film, epoxy 
coating applied to an inorganic zinc primer that penetrates the porous 
zinc primer and allows the occluded air to escape through the paint 
film prior to curing.
    Navigational aids specialty coating means any coating applied to 
Coast Guard buoys or other Coast Guard waterway markers when they are 
recoated aboard ship at their usage site and immediately returned to 
the water.
    Nonskid specialty coating means any coating applied to the 
horizontal surfaces of a marine vessel for the specific purpose of 
providing slip resistance for personnel, vehicles, or aircraft.
    Nonvolatiles (or volume solids) means substances that do not 
evaporate readily. This term refers to the film-forming material of a 
coating.
    Normally closed means a container or piping system is closed unless 
an operator is actively engaged in adding or removing material.
    Nuclear specialty coating means any protective coating used to seal 
porous surfaces such as steel (or concrete) that otherwise would be 
subject to intrusion by radioactive materials. These coatings must be 
resistant to long-term (service life) cumulative radiation exposure 
(ASTM D4082-83), relatively easy to decontaminate (ASTM D4256-83), and 
resistant to various chemicals to which the coatings are likely to be 
exposed (ASTM 3912-80). (For nuclear coatings, see the general 
protective requirements outlined by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 
in a report entitled ``U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Regulatory Guide 
1.54'' dated June 1973, available through the Government Printing 
Office at (202) 512-2249 as document number A74062-00001.)
    Operating parameter value means a minimum or maximum value 
established for a control device or process parameter that, if achieved 
by itself or in combination with one or

[[Page 44055]]

more other operating parameter values, determines that an owner or 
operator has complied with an applicable emission limitation or 
standard.
    Organic zinc specialty coating means any coating derived from zinc 
dust incorporated into an organic binder that contains more than 960 
grams of elemental zinc per liter (eight pounds per gallon) of coating, 
as applied, and that is used for the expressed purpose of corrosion 
protection.
    Pleasure craft means any marine or fresh-water vessel used by 
individuals for noncommercial, nonmilitary, and recreational purposes 
that is less than 20 meters in length. A vessel rented exclusively to, 
or chartered for, individuals for such purposes shall be considered a 
pleasure craft.
    Pretreatment wash primer specialty coating means any coating that 
contains a minimum of 0.5 percent acid, by mass, and is applied only to 
bare metal to etch the surface and enhance adhesion of subsequent 
coatings.
    Repair and maintenance of thermoplastic coating of commercial 
vessels (specialty coating) means any vinyl, chlorinated rubber, or 
bituminous resin coating that is applied over the same type of existing 
coating to perform the partial recoating of any in-use commercial 
vessel. (This definition does not include coal tar epoxy coatings, 
which are considered ``general use'' coatings.)
    Rubber camouflage specialty coating means any specially formulated 
epoxy coating used as a camouflage topcoat for exterior submarine hulls 
and sonar domes.
    Sealant for thermal spray aluminum means any epoxy coating applied 
to thermal spray aluminum surfaces at a maximum thickness of one dry 
mil.
    Ship means any marine or fresh-water vessel used for military or 
commercial operations, including self-propelled vessels, those 
propelled by other craft (barges), and navigational aids (buoys). This 
definition includes, but is not limited to, all military and Coast 
Guard vessels, commercial cargo and passenger (cruise) ships, ferries, 
barges, tankers, container ships, patrol and pilot boats, and dredges. 
Pleasure craft and offshore oil and gas drilling platforms are not 
considered ships.
    Shipbuilding and ship repair operations means any building, repair, 
repainting, converting, or alteration of ships.
    Special marking specialty coating means any coating that is used 
for safety or identification applications, such as ship numbers and 
markings on flight decks.
    Specialty coating means any coating that is manufactured and used 
for one of the specialized applications described within this list of 
definitions.
    Specialty interior coating means any coating used on interior 
surfaces aboard U.S. military vessels pursuant to a coating 
specification that requires the coating to meet specified fire 
retardant and low toxicity requirements, in addition to the other 
applicable military physical and performance requirements.
    Tack specialty coating means any thin film epoxy coating applied at 
a maximum thickness of two dry mils to prepare an epoxy coating that 
has dried beyond the time limit specified by the manufacturer for the 
application of the next coat.
    Thinner means a liquid that is used to reduce the viscosity of a 
coating and that evaporates before or during the cure of a film.
    Thinning ratio means the volumetric ratio of thinner to coating, as 
supplied.
    Thinning solvent: see Thinner.
    Undersea weapons systems specialty coating means any coating 
applied to any component of a weapons system intended to be launched or 
fired from under the sea.
    Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any organic compound that 
participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions; that is, any 
organic compound other than those that the Administrator designates as 
having negligible photochemical reactivity. The VOC is measured by a 
reference method, an equivalent method, an alternative method, or by 
procedures specified under any rule. A reference method, an equivalent 
method, or an alternative method, however, may also measure nonreactive 
organic compounds. In such cases, any owner or operator may exclude the 
nonreactive organic compounds when determining compliance with a 
standard. For a list of compounds that the Administrator has designated 
as having negligible photochemical reactivity, refer to 40 CFR 
Sec. 51.00.
    Volatile organic hazardous air pollutant (VOHAP) means any compound 
listed in or pursuant to Section 112(b) of the CAA that contains 
carbon, excluding metallic carbides and carbonates. This definition 
includes VOC listed as hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and exempt 
compounds listed as HAP.
    Weld-through preconstruction primer (specialty coating) means a 
coating that provides corrosion protection for steel during inventory, 
is typically applied at less than one mil dry film thickness, does not 
require removal prior to welding, is temperature resistant (burn back 
from a weld is less than 1.25 centimeters (0.5 inches)), and does not 
normally require removal before applying film-building coatings, 
including inorganic zinc high-build coatings. When constructing new 
vessels, there may be a need to remove areas of weld-through 
preconstruction primer due to surface damage or contamination prior to 
application of film-building coatings.

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Appendix D

VOC Data Sheet: \1\ Properties of the Coating ``As Supplied'' by the 
Manufacturer \2\

Coating Manufacturer:--------------------------------------------------

Coating Identification:------------------------------------------------

Batch Identification:--------------------------------------------------

Supplied To:-----------------------------------------------------------

    Properties of the coating as supplied\1\ to the customer:

A. Coating Density: (Dc)s________ g/L
    [  ] ASTM D1475-90*  [  ] Other \3\
B. Total Volatiles: (mv)s________ Mass Percent
    [  ] ASTM D2369-93*  [  ] Other \3\
C. Water Content: 1. (mw)s________ Mass Percent
    [  ] ASTM D3792-91*  [  ] ASTM D4017-90*  [  ] Other \3\
    2. (vw)s________ Volume Percent
    [  ] Calculated  [  ] Other \3\
D. Organic Volatiles: (mo)s________ Mass Percent
E. Nonvolatiles: (vn)s________ Volume Percent
    [  ] Calculated  [  ] Other \3\
F. VOC Content (VOC)s:

    1. ________g/L solids (nonvolatiles)
    2. ________g/L coating (less water and exempt compounds)
G. Thinner Density: Dth________g/L
    ASTM ________ [  ] Other \3\
Remarks: (use reverse side)

Signed:----------------------------------------------------------------

Date:------------------------------------------------------------------

    * Incorporation by reference--see Sec. 63.14.
    \1\ Adapted from EPA-340/1-86-016 (July 1986), p. II-2.
    \2\ The subscript ``s'' denotes each value is for the coating 
``as supplied'' by the manufacturer.
    \3\ Explain the other method used under ``Remarks.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Dated: August 15, 1996.
Mary D. Nichols,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 96-21827 Filed 8-26-96; 8:45 am]
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