[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 167 (Tuesday, August 27, 1996)]
[Notices]
[Pages 44050-44057]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-21827]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
[AD-FRL-5559-5]
Control Techniques Guidelines for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
Operations (Surface Coating)
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice of release of control techniques guidelines (CTG).
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SUMMARY: The CTG for control of volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions from surface coating operations in the shipbuilding and ship
repair industry is available to assist States in analyzing and
determining reasonably available control technology (RACT) for
shipbuilding and ship repair operations located within ozone national
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) nonattainment areas. The CTG also
sets forth the adoption and implementation dates for RACT. The CTG for
Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Operations (Surface Coating) is not being
issued as a stand-alone document. Rather, it is a combination of the
information contained in this notice and in the EPA's previously
published alternative control techniques (ACT) document for this
emission source category.
EFFECTIVE DATE: Any State that has not adopted an approvable RACT
regulation for the source category addressed by this CTG must submit a
RACT regulation for these sources within one year from the date of
publication of this action in the Federal Register. For any State that
has adopted an approvable RACT regulation for the source category
addressed by this CTG, Section 182(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act (CAA)
requires these States to submit a revision to the applicable
implementation plan, to include provisions that require the
implementation of RACT. This revision shall be submitted to the EPA not
later than August 27, 1997. Furthermore, all States must require
sources to implement the required limitations and work practices under
these adopted RACT regulations not later than August 27, 1998.
ADDRESSES: Alternative Control Techniques (ACT) Document. The EPA
published the ACT document for surface coating operations at
shipbuilding and ship repair facilities in April 1994. A copy of the
ACT document may be obtained from the National Technical Information
Services (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161,
telephone number (800) 553-NTIS. Specify the following title when
ordering: ``Alternative Control Techniques Document: Surface Coating
Operations at Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities'' (EPA 453/R-94-
032).
Docket: Following publication of the ACT document, the recommended
RACT was developed concurrently with maximum achievable control
technology (MACT), on which standards issued under Section 112 of the
CAA were based. The rulemaking docket, No. A-92-11, is available for
inspection and copying from 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday,
at the EPA's Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, Waterside
Mall, Room M-1500, Ground Floor, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC
20460; telephone number (202) 260-7548, FAX (202) 260-4400. A
reasonable fee may be charged for copying.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Mohamed Serageldin at (919) 541-
2379, Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards Division
(MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27711.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Potentially Affected Entities. Entities
potentially affected by this action are those shipbuilding and ship
repair operations which are (or have the potential to become) ``major''
sources of VOC emissions and are located in nonattainment areas of
ozone.
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Category Examples of potentially affected entities
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Industry............................... Any building or repairing, repainting, converting, or alteration of
ships. The term ship means any marine or fresh-water vessel, including
self-propelled by other craft (barges), and navigational aids (buoys).
Note: Offshore oil and gas drilling platforms and vessels used by
individuals for noncommercial, nonmilitary, and recreational purposes
that are less than 20 meters in length are not considered ships.
[[Page 44051]]
Federal Gov't.......................... Federal Agencies which undertake shipbuilding or ship repair operations
(see above) such as the Navy and Coast Guard.
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This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities which are the focus of this
action. This table lists the types of entities that the EPA is now
aware could potentially be affected by this action. Other types of
entities not listed in the table could also be affected (see definition
of ship in Appendix B). If you have questions regarding the focus or
applicability of this action, consult the person listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this notice.
The substantive presumptive RACT determination set out in this
action is intended solely as guidance, does not represent final EPA
action, and is not fully developed for judicial review. It is not
intended, nor can it be relied upon, to create any rights enforceable
by any party in litigation with the United States. The EPA officials
may decide to follow the guidance provided in this action, or to act at
variance with the guidance, based on an analysis of specific
circumstances. The EPA also may change this guidance at any time
without public notice.
Electronic versions of the ACT document as well as this action are
available for download from the EPA's Technology Transfer Network
(TTN), a collection of the EPA's electronic bulletin boards developed
and operated by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. The
TTN provides information and technology exchange in various areas of
air pollution control. The service is free, except for the cost of a
telephone call. Dial (919) 541-5742 for data transfer of up to a 14,400
bits per second. Internet access is available at http://www.epa.gov/
oar/ttn__bbs.htm/. Additional information on TTN is available from the
HELP line at (919)541-5384.
The information presented in this section is organized as follows:
I. Background and Purpose
II. BACM and ``Presumptive RACT''
III. Modification to the ACT Document
IV. Model Rule
V. Summary of Impacts
VI. Administrative Designation and Regulatory Analysis
Appendix A. Thinning Calculations
Appendix B. Definitions
Appendix C. Thinning Chart (Figure 1)
Appendix D. VOC Data Sheet
I. Background and Purpose
Section 183(b)(4) of the CAA specifically requires the EPA to issue
a CTG for the shipbuilding and ship repair industry, to reduce air
emissions of VOC and particulate matter from coatings (paints) and
solvents used at new and existing shipbuilding and ship repair
facilities. However, unlike the more general CTG requirements which
require the EPA to establish a RACT level of control, Section 183(b)(4)
requires the EPA to establish a CTG based on best available control
measures (BACM) for emissions of VOC and particles with an aerodynamic
diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers (PM-10) from
the removal or application of coatings and solvents at shipbuilding and
ship repair facilities. The BACM is a broadly defined term referring to
``best'' technologies and other ``best'' available measures that can be
used to control pollution. A discussion of the analogy between BACM and
reasonable available control measures is presented in State
Implementation Plans for Serious PM-10 Nonattainment Areas, and
Attainment Date Waivers for PM-10 Nonattainment Areas Generally;
Addendum to the General Preamble for Implementation of Title I of the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (59 FR 41998, August 16, 1994).
Pursuant to Section 183 of the CAA, the EPA is required to issue
CTG for the purpose of assisting States in developing RACT level of
controls for sources of VOC emissions. In turn, each State is required
to submit a revision to its State implementation plan (SIP) providing
RACT regulations for sources of VOC that are located in moderate or
above ozone nonattainment areas. Specifically, Section 182(b)(2) of the
CAA requires States to submit RACT regulations for sources of VOC that
are covered by a CTG issued after enactment of the Clean Air Act of
1990, but prior to the time of attainment. The CTG also applies to
those facilities in nonattainment areas located in States which already
have existing shipbuilding and ship repair (or marine) coating
regulations; the State limits must be at least as stringent as the CTG
limits or otherwise must be determined to meet RACT (and in this case,
BACM).
The CTG review current knowledge and data concerning the technology
and costs of various emissions control techniques. The CTG are intended
to provide State and local air pollution authorities with an
information base for proceeding with their own analyses of RACT to meet
statutory requirements. States may choose to develop their own RACT
requirements on a case-by-case basis, considering the emission
reductions needed to attain achievement of the NAAQS and the economic
and technical circumstances of the individual source.
The application of RACT and resulting VOC emissions reduction is to
``enhance the quality of the Nation's air resources so as to promote
the public health and welfare and productive capacity of its
population.'' The intent of this action is to protect the public health
by requiring the highest degree of reduction in VOC emissions in ozone
nonattainment areas, taking into consideration the cost of achieving
such emission reduction, any nonair quality, health and environmental
impacts, and energy requirements.
The VOC that are emitted by shipbuilding and ship repair facilities
include xylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl alcohol, butyl
alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl
ketone, ethylene glycol, and glycol ethers. All of these VOC contribute
significantly to the formation of ground level ozone which can damage
lung tissue and cause serious respiratory illness. Additionally, VOC
can cause reversible or irreversible toxic effects following exposure.
The potential toxic effects include eye, nose, throat, and skin
irritation and blood cell, heart, liver, and kidney damage. The adverse
health effects are associated with a wide range of ambient
concentration and exposure time and are influenced by source-specific
characteristics such as emission rates and local meteorological
conditions. Health impacts are also dependent on the multiple factors
that affect human variability such as genetics, age, health status
(e.g., the presence of pre-existing disease), and lifestyle.
Implementation of BACM described in the CTG will reduce VOC emissions
from shipbuilding and ship repair surface coating operations by 1,250
megagrams Mg (1,370 tons per year).
II. BACM and ``Presumptive RACT''
In developing the CTG for this industry, the EPA reviewed current
knowledge and data concerning the
[[Page 44052]]
technology and costs of various emission control techniques. The type
and level of VOC control identified as BACM is based on the marine
coating VOC limits being used in California (with some exceptions and
modifications). Table 1 presents the various paint categories with the
maximum as-applied VOC content allowed for each under BACM. These same
limits were similarly used in the development of national emission
standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for this same industry
and serve as the basis for MACT. The VOC coating limits have not
changed from what was proposed and promulgated in the NESHAP. Also
included in BACM are work practice guidelines that state: (1) all
handling and transfers of VOC-containing materials to and from
containers, tanks, vats, drums, and piping systems are conducted in a
manner that minimizes spills, and (2) all containers, tanks, vats,
drums, and piping systems are free of cracks, holes, and other defects
and remain closed unless materials are being added to or removed from
them.
With regard to PM-10 emissions, the EPA determined BACM to be no
control. At proposal, the EPA found no sufficiently demonstrated
technology to recommend for quantifiably controlling PM-10 emissions.
The technologies in use and under development were discussed in the ACT
document. There has been no new information received since the proposal
that would lead the EPA to change that position.
Based on the EPA's work on the MACT standard and the ACT, the EPA
has determined that the use of lower-VOC paints is the only
technologically and economically feasible level of control for these
sources that the EPA can establish on a category-wide basis. The EPA is
recommending BACM, which was published for comment along with the
NESHAP (59 FR 62681, December 6, 1994), be selected. Final BACM was
identified in this action and was considered the ``presumptive norm''
or presumptive RACT for the source category. However, BACM, the
presumptive norm, is only a recommendation. Individual sources may have
alternative BACM requirements imposed by making an adequate
infeasibility demonstration (44 FR 53761, September 17, 1979). States
and sources may elect to establish alternative types of control for
submittal to the EPA in a SIP revision. The EPA would make a final
determination of whether such controls meet the RACT requirement of
Section 182(b)(2) and BACM requirement of Section 183(b)(4), through
notice-and-comment rulemaking action on the SIP submittal.
The EPA believes that RACT, BACM, and MACT are identical in this
instance on a category-wide basis. While typically MACT (``maximum'')
implies more stringent control than BACM (``best''), which in turn
implies more stringent control than RACT (``reasonable''), the EPA
recognizes that there may be isolated instances when there is such a
limited range of controls for a specified industry or industry process
that two or all three of these levels of control may be identical. For
a general discussion of these terms, refer to ``State Implementation
Plans for Serious PM-10 Nonattainment Areas, and Attainment Date
Waivers for PM-10 Nonattainment Areas Generally; Addendum to the
General Preamble for the Implementation of Title I of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990'' (59 FR 41998, August 16, 1994).
The cost-effectiveness of add-on controls of VOC emissions for
spray booth painting and tank painting operations was determined to be
low. However, the variability and size of tanks inside a ship that may
be painted, at any one time, in a shipyard makes evaluation of add-on
controls on a category-wide basis difficult. Controls have to be
evaluated on a case-by-case basis. It should be noted that automated,
high-use paint operations may be feasibly controlled and would have to
be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
III. Modifications to the ACT Document
There have been some substantive technical changes since the ACT
document for this industry was published in April 1994. Most notable of
those changes is the inclusion of cold weather coating limits and the
incorporation of both mass VOC per volume (g VOC/L) of coating less
water and exempt solvents emission limits and the equivalent mass VOC
per volume of solids (nonvolatiles) emission limits (see Table 1 in
this notice). The solids based units should be used to determine
compliance whenever thinning solvent is added to a coating. This change
was made to provide a uniform basis for all calculations related to
emission reductions (i.e., associated with thinning additions or add-on
control devices). The procedure for calculating the VOC content of a
given coating to which thinning solvent is added is provided in
Appendix A to this notice. Information in Appendix C and Appendix D may
also be used to calculate VOC content.
The promulgated NESHAP for this industry (60 FR 64330, December 15,
1995) also reflects technical changes made as a result of public
comments and provides information for air quality management agencies
to consider in the development of an enforceable regulation limiting
VOC emissions from shipbuilding and ship repair surface coating
operations. Additional information related to the promulgated NESHAP is
presented in the ``Background Information for Final Standards'' (EPA/
453-R-96-003B).
IV. Model Rule
In effect, the NESHAP can be used as a ``model rule'' providing an
organizational framework and regulatory language specifically tailored
for surface coating operations at shipyards. Information is provided on
applicability, definitions, format of standards, compliance
determinations (calculations), and reporting and recordkeeping. Many of
the definitions used in the ACT were modified/clarified for the NESHAP;
therefore, Appendix B to this notice has been included to provide the
updated terminology and definitions, including technical amendments to
the NESHAP.
The various compliance options are described and illustrated (in a
flow diagram) in the NESHAP as well. The State or other implementing
agency can exercise its prerogative to consider other options provided
they meet the objectives prescribed in this action. This guidance is
for instructional purposes only and, as such, is not binding. The State
or other enforcement agency should consider all information presented
in the ACT document, the promulgated NESHAP, and this final action
along with additional information about specific sources to which the
regulation will apply.
V. Summary of Impacts
The EPA estimates the State and local regulations developed
pursuant to this CTG could affect about 100 facilities, reduce
emissions of VOCs by approximately 1,250 Mg per year, and result in
nationwide costs of approximately $1.1 million. These costs are in
addition to the $2.0 million assigned to the NESHAP for controlling
volatile organic hazardous air pollutants (VOHAP) (and VOC) emissions
from the 35 major source shipyards. Further information on costs and
controls is presented in the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair ACT guideline
document (EPA 453/R-94-032; NTIS PB94-181694) published in April l994.
VI. Administrative Designation and Regulatory Analysis
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the EPA
must
[[Page 44053]]
determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget review and the
requirements of the Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant
regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more,
or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities.
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency.
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligations of
recipients thereof.
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
It has been determined that this CTG document is not a
``significant regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order
12866 and is therefore not subject to OMB review. This CTG document is
not a ``rulemaking,'' rather it provides information to States to aid
them in developing rules.
Table 1.--VOC Limits for Marine Coatings
------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC limitsa b
--------------------------------------
Grams/liter Grams/liter solidsc
coating -------------------------
Coating Category (minus
water and t 4.5 deg.Cd
compounds) deg.C
------------------------------------------------------------------------
General use...................... 340 571 728
Specialty:
Air flask.................... 340 571 728
Antenna...................... 530 1,439 ...........
Antifoulant.................. 400 765 971
Heat resistant............... 420 841 1,069
High-gloss................... 420 841 1,069
High-temperature............. 500 1,237 1,597
Inorganic zinc high-build.... 340 571 728
Military exterior............ 340 571 728
Mist......................... 610 2,235 ...........
Navigational aids............ 550 1,597 ...........
Nonskid...................... 340 571 728
Nuclear...................... 420 841 1,069
Organic zinc................. 360 630 802
Pretreatment wash primer..... 780 11,095 ...........
Repair and maint. of
thermoplastics.............. 550 1,597 ...........
Rubber camouflage............ 340 571 728
Sealant for thermal spray
aluminum.................... 610 2,235 ...........
Special marking.............. 490 1,178 ...........
Speciality interior.......... 340 571 728
Tack coat.................... 610 2,235 ...........
Undersea weapons systems..... 340 571 728
Weld-through precon. primer.. 650 2,885 ...........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The limits are expressed in two sets of equivalent units. Either set
of limits may be used to demonstrate compliance.
b To convert from g/L to lb/gal, multiply by (3,785 L/gal)(1/453.6 lb/g)
or 1/120. For compliance purposes, metric units define the standards.
c VOC limits expressed in units of mass of VOC per volume of solids were
derived from the VOC limits expressed in units of mass of VOC per
volume of coating assuming the coatings contain no water or exempt
compounds and that the volumes of all components within a coating are
additive.
d These limits apply during cold-weather time periods (i.e.,
temperatures below 4.5 deg.C). Cold-weather allowances are not given
to coatings in categories that permit less than 40 percent solids
(nonvolatiles) content by volume. Such coatings are subject to the
same limits regardless of weather conditions.
Appendix A. Procedure to Determine VOC Contents of Coatings to Which
Thinning Solvent Will Be Added
For a coating to which thinning solvent is routinely or sometimes
added, the owner or operator shall determine the VOC content as
follows:
(1) Prior to the first application of each batch, designate a
single thinner for the coating and calculate the maximum allowable
thinning ratio (or ratios, if the affected source complies with the
cold-weather limits in addition to the other limits specified in Table
1 for each batch as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN27AU96.000
Where:
R = Maximum allowable thinning ratio for a given batch (L thinner/L
coating as supplied);
Vs = Volume fraction of solids in the batch as supplied (L solids/
L coating as supplied);
VOC limit = Maximum allowable as-applied VOC content of the coating (g
VOC/L solids);
mVOC = VOC content of the batch as supplied (g VOC/L coating as
supplied);
Dth = Density of the thinner (g/L).
If Vs is not supplied directly by the coating manufacturer,
the owner or operator shall determine Vs as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN27AU96.001
Where:
[[Page 44054]]
mvolatiles = Total volatiles in the batch, including VOC, water,
and exempt compounds (g/L coating); and
Davg = Average density of volatiles in the batch (g/L).
In addition, the owner or operator may choose to construct
nomographs, based on Equation 1, similar or identical to the one
provided in Appendix C (Figure 1) as a means of easily estimating the
maximum allowable thinning ratio. The VOC Data Sheet included as
Appendix D also provides useful information in determining compliance
with the applicable VOC coating limit.
Appendix B. Definitions
Terms used in this CTG are defined in the CAA or in this section as
follows:
Add-on control system means an air pollution control device such as
a carbon absorber or incinerator that reduces pollution in an air
stream by destruction or removal prior to discharge to the atmosphere.
Affected source means any shipbuilding or ship repair facility
having surface coating operations with a minimum 1,000 liters (L) (264
gallons (gal)) annual marine coating usage.
Air flask specialty coating means any special composition coating
applied to interior surfaces of high pressure breathing air flasks to
provide corrosion resistance and that is certified safe for use with
breathing air supplies.
Antenna specialty coating means any coating applied to equipment
through which electromagnetic signals must pass for reception or
transmission.
Antifoulant specialty coating means any coating that is applied to
the underwater portion of a vessel to prevent or reduce the attachment
of biological organisms and that is registered with the EPA as a
pesticide under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act.
As applied means the condition of a coating at the time of
application to the substrate, including any thinning solvent.
As supplied means the condition of a coating before any thinning,
as sold and delivered by the coating manufacturer to the user.
Batch means the product of an individual production run of a
coating manufacturer's process. (A batch may vary in composition from
other batches of the same product.)
Bitumens mean black or brown materials that are soluble in carbon
disulfide, which consist mainly of hydrocarbons.
Bituminous resin coating means any coating that incorporates
bitumens as a principal component and is formulated primarily to be
applied to a substrate or surface to resist ultraviolet radiation and/
or water.
Certify means, in reference to the VOC content of a coating, to
attest to the VOC content as determined through analysis by Method 24
of Appendix A to Part 60 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) or to attest to the VOC content as determined through an EPA-
approved test method. In the case of conflicting results, the EPA
Method 24 shall take precedence.
Coating means any material that can be applied as a thin layer to a
substrate and which cures to form a continuous solid film.
Cold-weather time period means any time during which the ambient
temperature is below 4.5 deg.C (40 deg.F) and coating is to be applied.
Container of coating means the container from which the coating is
applied, including but not limited to a bucket or pot.
Cure volatiles means reaction products which are emitted during the
chemical reaction which takes place in some coating films at the cure
temperature. These emissions are other than those from the solvents in
the coating and may, in some cases, comprise a significant portion of
total VOC and/or VOHAP emissions.
Epoxy means any thermoset coating formed by reaction of an epoxy
resin (i.e., a resin containing a reactive epoxide with a curing
agent).
Exempt compounds means specified organic compounds that are not
considered VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. Exempt
compounds are specified in 40 CFR Sec. 51.100(s).
Facility means all contiguous or adjoining property that is under
common ownership or control, including properties that are separated
only by a road or other public right-of-way.
General use coating means any coating that is not a specialty
coating.
Heat resistant specialty coating means any coating that during
normal use must withstand a temperature of at least 204 deg.C
(400 deg.F).
High-gloss specialty coating means any coating that achieves at
least 85 percent reflectance on a 60 degree meter when tested by the
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Method D-523.
High-temperature specialty coating means any coating that during
normal use must withstand a temperature of at least 426 deg.C
(800 deg.F).
Inorganic zinc (high-build) specialty coating means a coating that
contains 960 grams per liter (eight pounds per gallon) or more
elemental zinc incorporated into an inorganic silicate binder that is
applied to steel to provide galvanic corrosion resistance. (These
coatings are typically applied at more than two mil dry film
thickness.)
Maximum allowable thinning ratio means the maximum volume of
thinner that can be added per volume of coating without violating the
applicable VOC limit (see Table 1).
Military exterior specialty coating or Chemical Agent Resistant
Coatings means any exterior topcoat applied to military or U.S. Coast
Guard vessels that are subject to specific chemical, biological, and
radiological washdown requirements.
Mist specialty coating means any low viscosity, thin film, epoxy
coating applied to an inorganic zinc primer that penetrates the porous
zinc primer and allows the occluded air to escape through the paint
film prior to curing.
Navigational aids specialty coating means any coating applied to
Coast Guard buoys or other Coast Guard waterway markers when they are
recoated aboard ship at their usage site and immediately returned to
the water.
Nonskid specialty coating means any coating applied to the
horizontal surfaces of a marine vessel for the specific purpose of
providing slip resistance for personnel, vehicles, or aircraft.
Nonvolatiles (or volume solids) means substances that do not
evaporate readily. This term refers to the film-forming material of a
coating.
Normally closed means a container or piping system is closed unless
an operator is actively engaged in adding or removing material.
Nuclear specialty coating means any protective coating used to seal
porous surfaces such as steel (or concrete) that otherwise would be
subject to intrusion by radioactive materials. These coatings must be
resistant to long-term (service life) cumulative radiation exposure
(ASTM D4082-83), relatively easy to decontaminate (ASTM D4256-83), and
resistant to various chemicals to which the coatings are likely to be
exposed (ASTM 3912-80). (For nuclear coatings, see the general
protective requirements outlined by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
in a report entitled ``U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Regulatory Guide
1.54'' dated June 1973, available through the Government Printing
Office at (202) 512-2249 as document number A74062-00001.)
Operating parameter value means a minimum or maximum value
established for a control device or process parameter that, if achieved
by itself or in combination with one or
[[Page 44055]]
more other operating parameter values, determines that an owner or
operator has complied with an applicable emission limitation or
standard.
Organic zinc specialty coating means any coating derived from zinc
dust incorporated into an organic binder that contains more than 960
grams of elemental zinc per liter (eight pounds per gallon) of coating,
as applied, and that is used for the expressed purpose of corrosion
protection.
Pleasure craft means any marine or fresh-water vessel used by
individuals for noncommercial, nonmilitary, and recreational purposes
that is less than 20 meters in length. A vessel rented exclusively to,
or chartered for, individuals for such purposes shall be considered a
pleasure craft.
Pretreatment wash primer specialty coating means any coating that
contains a minimum of 0.5 percent acid, by mass, and is applied only to
bare metal to etch the surface and enhance adhesion of subsequent
coatings.
Repair and maintenance of thermoplastic coating of commercial
vessels (specialty coating) means any vinyl, chlorinated rubber, or
bituminous resin coating that is applied over the same type of existing
coating to perform the partial recoating of any in-use commercial
vessel. (This definition does not include coal tar epoxy coatings,
which are considered ``general use'' coatings.)
Rubber camouflage specialty coating means any specially formulated
epoxy coating used as a camouflage topcoat for exterior submarine hulls
and sonar domes.
Sealant for thermal spray aluminum means any epoxy coating applied
to thermal spray aluminum surfaces at a maximum thickness of one dry
mil.
Ship means any marine or fresh-water vessel used for military or
commercial operations, including self-propelled vessels, those
propelled by other craft (barges), and navigational aids (buoys). This
definition includes, but is not limited to, all military and Coast
Guard vessels, commercial cargo and passenger (cruise) ships, ferries,
barges, tankers, container ships, patrol and pilot boats, and dredges.
Pleasure craft and offshore oil and gas drilling platforms are not
considered ships.
Shipbuilding and ship repair operations means any building, repair,
repainting, converting, or alteration of ships.
Special marking specialty coating means any coating that is used
for safety or identification applications, such as ship numbers and
markings on flight decks.
Specialty coating means any coating that is manufactured and used
for one of the specialized applications described within this list of
definitions.
Specialty interior coating means any coating used on interior
surfaces aboard U.S. military vessels pursuant to a coating
specification that requires the coating to meet specified fire
retardant and low toxicity requirements, in addition to the other
applicable military physical and performance requirements.
Tack specialty coating means any thin film epoxy coating applied at
a maximum thickness of two dry mils to prepare an epoxy coating that
has dried beyond the time limit specified by the manufacturer for the
application of the next coat.
Thinner means a liquid that is used to reduce the viscosity of a
coating and that evaporates before or during the cure of a film.
Thinning ratio means the volumetric ratio of thinner to coating, as
supplied.
Thinning solvent: see Thinner.
Undersea weapons systems specialty coating means any coating
applied to any component of a weapons system intended to be launched or
fired from under the sea.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any organic compound that
participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions; that is, any
organic compound other than those that the Administrator designates as
having negligible photochemical reactivity. The VOC is measured by a
reference method, an equivalent method, an alternative method, or by
procedures specified under any rule. A reference method, an equivalent
method, or an alternative method, however, may also measure nonreactive
organic compounds. In such cases, any owner or operator may exclude the
nonreactive organic compounds when determining compliance with a
standard. For a list of compounds that the Administrator has designated
as having negligible photochemical reactivity, refer to 40 CFR
Sec. 51.00.
Volatile organic hazardous air pollutant (VOHAP) means any compound
listed in or pursuant to Section 112(b) of the CAA that contains
carbon, excluding metallic carbides and carbonates. This definition
includes VOC listed as hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and exempt
compounds listed as HAP.
Weld-through preconstruction primer (specialty coating) means a
coating that provides corrosion protection for steel during inventory,
is typically applied at less than one mil dry film thickness, does not
require removal prior to welding, is temperature resistant (burn back
from a weld is less than 1.25 centimeters (0.5 inches)), and does not
normally require removal before applying film-building coatings,
including inorganic zinc high-build coatings. When constructing new
vessels, there may be a need to remove areas of weld-through
preconstruction primer due to surface damage or contamination prior to
application of film-building coatings.
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Appendix D
VOC Data Sheet: \1\ Properties of the Coating ``As Supplied'' by the
Manufacturer \2\
Coating Manufacturer:--------------------------------------------------
Coating Identification:------------------------------------------------
Batch Identification:--------------------------------------------------
Supplied To:-----------------------------------------------------------
Properties of the coating as supplied\1\ to the customer:
A. Coating Density: (Dc)s________ g/L
[ ] ASTM D1475-90* [ ] Other \3\
B. Total Volatiles: (mv)s________ Mass Percent
[ ] ASTM D2369-93* [ ] Other \3\
C. Water Content: 1. (mw)s________ Mass Percent
[ ] ASTM D3792-91* [ ] ASTM D4017-90* [ ] Other \3\
2. (vw)s________ Volume Percent
[ ] Calculated [ ] Other \3\
D. Organic Volatiles: (mo)s________ Mass Percent
E. Nonvolatiles: (vn)s________ Volume Percent
[ ] Calculated [ ] Other \3\
F. VOC Content (VOC)s:
1. ________g/L solids (nonvolatiles)
2. ________g/L coating (less water and exempt compounds)
G. Thinner Density: Dth________g/L
ASTM ________ [ ] Other \3\
Remarks: (use reverse side)
Signed:----------------------------------------------------------------
Date:------------------------------------------------------------------
* Incorporation by reference--see Sec. 63.14.
\1\ Adapted from EPA-340/1-86-016 (July 1986), p. II-2.
\2\ The subscript ``s'' denotes each value is for the coating
``as supplied'' by the manufacturer.
\3\ Explain the other method used under ``Remarks.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dated: August 15, 1996.
Mary D. Nichols,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 96-21827 Filed 8-26-96; 8:45 am]
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