[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 152 (Tuesday, August 6, 1996)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 40882-40937]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-19671]



[[Page 40881]]


_______________________________________________________________________

Part II





Department of Energy





_______________________________________________________________________



Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy



_______________________________________________________________________



10 CFR Parts 434 and 435



Energy Code for New Federal Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise 
Residential Buildings; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / 
Proposed Rules  

[[Page 40882]]



DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

10 CFR Parts 434 and 435

[Docket No. EE-RM-79-112-C]
RIN 1904-AA69


Energy Code for New Federal Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise 
Residential Buildings

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, DOE.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and public hearing and request 
for public comment.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Department of Energy today proposes a rule that would 
establish building energy efficiency standards for new Federal 
commercial and multi-family high rise residential buildings pursuant to 
the requirements of the Energy Conservation and Production Act. The 
proposed rule would revise the current interim Federal standards to 
conform generally with the format of the current voluntary building 
energy codes. The proposed rule would incorporate changes from the 
interim rule in the areas of lighting, mechanical ventilation, motors, 
building envelopes, and fenestration rating procedures, and test 
procedures for heating and cooling equipment.

DATES: Written comments on the proposed rule (10 copies) must be 
received by the Department by 4 p.m. on or before November 4, 1996. A 
public hearing will be held on September 4, 1996, beginning at 9 a.m. 
at the address listed below. Requests to speak must be received by the 
Department by 4 p.m. on or before August 28, 1996. Ten copies of the 
statement to be given at the public hearing must be received by the 
Department by 4 p.m. August 29, 1996.

ADDRESSES: Address written comments, requests for copies of the 
technical support documents and oral statements, requests to speak at 
the hearing, and requests for speaker lists to: Energy Code for Federal 
Commercial Buildings, Docket No. EE-RM-79-112-C, Buildings Division, 
EE-431, Office of Codes and Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 
1J-018, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202) 
586-7574. FAX comments will not be accepted. The public hearing will be 
held at the U.S. Department of Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 1E-245, 
1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Copies of the 
transcript of the public hearing and public comments received may be 
read at the DOE Freedom of Information Reading Room, U.S. Department of 
Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 1E-190, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., 
Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202) 586-6020, between the hours of 9 a.m. 
and 4 p.m., except Federal holidays.
    For more information concerning public participation see Section 
VIII, Public Comment Procedures.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Ronald B. Majette, Buildings Division, EE-432, Office of Codes and 
Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J-018, 1000 Independence 
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121, Tel: 202-586-0517
Francine B. Pinto, Esq., Office of General Counsel, GC-72, U.S. 
Department of Energy, Room 6E-042, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., 
Washington, DC 20585-0103, Tel: 202-586-7432

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction
    A. Authority
    B. Background
II. Description of the Proposed Rule
    A. General
    B. Format and Structure of the Proposed Rule
    C. Comparison of the Proposed Rule with the Interim Standard
    D. Comparison of Codified Version of Standard 90.1-1989 to the 
Proposed Rule and Comparison Between Standard 90.1-1989 Addenda and 
the Proposed Rule
    E. Explanation of Differences between the Proposed Rule and the 
Statutory Baseline
III. Consultation
IV. Energy Impacts
V. Technological Feasibility and Economic Justification
VI. Measures Concerning Radon and Other Indoor Air Pollutants
VII. Findings and Certification
    A. Federalism Review
    B. Review Under Executive Order on Promulgating Regulations 
12988
    C. Regulatory Planning and Review
    D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
    E. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act
    F. Environmental Protection Agency Review
    G. Paperwork Reduction Act Review
    H. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Review
    I. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration 
Authorization Act
VIII. Public Comment Procedures
    A. Participation in Rulemaking
    B. Written Comment Procedures
    C. Public Hearing Procedures

I. Introduction

A. Authority

    Section 305(a) of the Energy Conservation and Production Act 
(ECPA), as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6834(a), requires DOE to establish by 
rule Federal building energy standards for new Federal buildings. In 
developing this proposed rule, DOE is directed to consult with other 
federal agencies as well as private and state associations and other 
appropriate persons.
    The proposed rule must contain energy saving and renewable energy 
specifications that meet or exceed the energy saving and renewable 
energy specifications of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating 
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE)/Illuminating Engineering 
Society of North America (IES) Standard 90.1-1989 (Standard 90.1-1989) 
for commercial buildings and of the Model Energy Code (MEC), 1992, for 
residential buildings. MEC 1992 exempts multi-family high-rise 
residential buildings (over three stories in height above ground) which 
comply with Standard 90.1-1989. As a result, Standard 90.1-1989 is the 
applicable standard under Section 305 of ECPA for high-rise residential 
buildings.
    Section 305(a) requires that the standards contain energy 
efficiency measures that are technologically feasible and economically 
justified. Since ECPA, as amended, establishes that the new standards 
meet, at a minimum, the requirements of Standard 90.1-1989, 
technological feasibility and economic justification need not be 
established for these minimum requirements. DOE is interpreting this 
minimum requirement to include those addenda to Standard 90.1-1989 
which were in effect at the time the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), 
which amended ECPA, was enacted. Since these addenda were part of 
Standard 90.1-1989 at the time EPACT was enacted, they are part of the 
baseline against which the proposed rule is compared for purposes of 
assessing its energy and economic impacts.
    Section 305(a)(2)(B) requires that to the extent practicable, the 
new federal building energy standards use the same format as the 
appropriate voluntary building energy code. The proposed rule would 
revise the current interim federal standards to conform generally with 
the format and language of the codified version of Standard 90.1-1989. 
The addenda to Standard 90.1-1989 included in the proposed rule are 
also generally incorporated in their codified form.
    Section 305(a)(2)(c) further requires that the proposed rule be 
established in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency 
(EPA) and other Federal agencies and, where appropriate, contain 
measures with

[[Page 40883]]

regard to radon and other indoor air pollutants.
    Section 305(c) states that the standards proposed in today's rule 
be reviewed and, if appropriate, updated at not less than five year 
intervals.
    The standards proposed today are required to become effective no 
later than one year after the rule is issued. (See section 305(a)(1)). 
Section 305(d) continues in effect the interim energy performance 
standards (otherwise known as ``interim rule'' or ``interim 
standards'') for new Federal buildings as they existed before the date 
of the enactment in 1992 of EPACT until the standards established under 
subsection (a) become effective.
    Section 306 addresses Federal compliance. Section 306(a) provides 
that each Federal agency and the Architect of the Capitol must adopt 
procedures to assure that new Federal buildings will meet or exceed the 
Federal building energy standards proposed here. Section 306(b) bars 
the head of a Federal agency from expending Federal funds for the 
construction of a new Federal Building unless the building meets or 
exceeds the appropriate Federal building energy standards established 
under section 305.

B. Background

    On January 30, 1989, the Department issued an interim rule (10 CFR 
part 435, subpart A) establishing energy conservation voluntary 
performance standards for the design of new commercial and multi-family 
high rise residential buildings; these standards are mandatory for 
Federal buildings.
    The Department's interim standards and Standard 90.1-1989 were 
developed in conjunction with one another and contain similar energy 
efficiency provisions. ASHRAE and IES are professional engineering 
societies which have undertaken the responsibility of sponsoring a 
voluntary industry consensus standard for the design of energy 
efficient commercial and multi-family high rise buildings.
    The Department's interim rule and Standard 90.1-1989 followed a 
parallel development track. ASHRAE/IES provided technical expertise 
that ensured the practicality of the interim standards and Standard 
90.1-1989. DOE contributed technical expertise and research results in 
the development of these two standards.
    Because Standard 90.1-1989 is written as a standard of professional 
practice, it cannot be directly adopted as a building code. The 
Department in 1993 requested ASHRAE to assist DOE in producing a 
version of Standard 90.1-1989 and its addenda in code format. This 
joint effort was undertaken to assist States in responding to Section 
304(b) of ECPA and to assist DOE in establishing Federal building 
energy efficiency standards. The resulting code, published by ASHRAE/
IES in November 1993 is entitled ``Energy Code for Commercial and High-
Rise Residential Buildings.'' This code has been approved by the 
Council of American Building Officials (CABO) as the basis for its MEC 
and some of the regional model codes.
    Basing the proposed rule on the codified version of Standard 90.1-
1989 ensures that the provisions of today's proposed rule would be 
similar to those being adopted by state and local jurisdictions and 
widely used in the private sector.
    Moreover, ASHRAE/IES periodically modifies their current edition of 
their standard through an addenda process. Standard 90.1-1989 is the 
current edition of their standard. ASHRAE/IES has adopted six addenda 
to Standard 90.1-1989 since it was published in 1989. They are: Addenda 
b, c, d, e, g, and i. The proposed rule would include these addenda. 
These addenda are described below in II.D, Table 3. The proposed rule 
would also include provisions that are substantively the same as those 
in Addendum f, which has not been adopted by ASHRAE/IES.
    DOE has chosen to publish the proposed rule in its entirety so that 
it is assembled in a unified form for easy access. DOE did not choose 
to merely publish changes from the codified version of Standard 90.1-
1989 because of the integrated nature of the changes (small and large) 
from that codified version. The Department invites comments on whether 
Standard 90.1-1989, including appropriate addenda, should be 
incorporated Standard 90.1 by reference instead of publishing the rule 
in its entirety as DOE proposes today. If DOE were to incorporate 
Standard 90.1-1989 by reference, other proposed changes would need to 
be published as well.

II. Description of the Proposed Rule

A. General

    The standards proposed today specify a minimum level of energy 
efficiency for new Federal commercial and high-rise residential 
buildings. The proposed rule would revise the current interim Federal 
standards to conform generally with the format and language of the 
codified version of Standard 90.1-1989. They do not address the design 
of residential single family or multi-family low rise buildings, 
currently addressed by Subpart C of 10 Part 435. Such buildings will be 
addressed in a separate rulemaking.
    The current interim standards for Federal commercial and multi-
family high-rise residential buildings are found in Subpart A of 10 CFR 
Part 435. For clarity and ease of use, the Department is proposing to 
remove Subparts A and B of Part 435 and add a new Part 434, to contain 
the building energy efficiency standards for new Federal commercial and 
multi-family high-rise residential buildings.
    Today's proposal contains substantive changes from the interim 
standard in the areas of lighting, mechanical ventilation, motors, 
building envelopes, fenestration rating procedures, and heating and 
cooling test procedures. It includes those addenda which were in effect 
at the time EPACT was enacted (Addendum 90.1b revising service water 
heating criteria and updating miscellaneous references to other 
standards, Addendum 90.1d addressing lighting controls, and Addendum 
90.1e updating ventilation requirements).
    The proposed rule also includes several addenda adopted by ASHRAE 
and IES after EPACT was enacted. These include Addenda g, i, and c, 
addressing building envelopes, heating and cooling equipment test 
procedures, and motor efficiency, respectively. DOE would also include 
provisions concerning procedures for calculating fenestration ratings. 
As previously mentioned, these provisions are substantively the same as 
Addendum f, now pending consideration by ASHRAE and IES.
    The lighting standards in today's proposed rule would differ from 
both the interim standards and Standard 90.1-1989. The updated lighting 
provisions are more stringent than Standard 90.1-1989 and reflect new 
information concerning energy requirements needed to achieve adequate 
lighting levels.
    The proposed rule would provide minimum standards of energy 
efficiency levels to be required in each new federal commercial and 
high-rise residential building. The individual specifications for 
lighting, HVAC, envelope, and other aspects of buildings found in 
subpart D of the proposed rule determine the minimum level of energy 
efficiency required for a particular building. This ``prescriptive 
path'' provides a simple means of ensuring design specifications that 
meet the proposed code.
    Flexibility is a key feature of the proposed code. While some of 
the specific design requirements of subpart D apply in all cases, this 
proposed rule provides for flexibility in many other areas if building 
designers can show that the overall building energy use or

[[Page 40884]]

energy cost compares favorably to the baseline energy use or energy 
cost based on subpart D of the proposed rule. Tradeoffs among systems 
and among building shell components can be made using the DOE version 
of the Lighting Standard (LTGSTD) and Envelope Standard software 
(ENVSTD), respectively. Building-wide trade-offs among energy 
efficiency features or the inclusion of entirely new efficiency 
features, including passive and active renewable features, can be made 
as well. Subpart E allows building-wide flexibility as long as the net 
result equals or reduces energy costs. Subpart F allows these trades to 
be made if predicted total building energy use is below that expected 
using the ``prescriptive path.'' These alternative paths are especially 
valuable as a means for building designers to take full advantage of 
the energy savings potential of new technologies. The computer software 
referenced above will be included as part of the Technical Support 
Document.

B. Format and Structure of the Proposed Rule

    ASHRAE and IES have published Standard 90.1-1989 in a code format 
that does not differ in any significant technical or substantive 
respect from the standard itself. DOE has based the proposed rule on 
this codified version of Standard 90.1-1989, published by ASHRAE and 
IES in 1993, by adopting verbatim significant portions of it. Section 
II(E) of this notice discusses the substantive differences between the 
proposed rule and the statutory baseline.
    The codified version is expected to be widely used by state and 
local code making bodies as they update their codes. The designers and 
builders of Federal buildings, who also design and construct State and 
private sector buildings, will be familiar with the requirements of the 
codified version, their importance, and how to meet them. Therefore, 
the consistency of the proposed rule with industry-wide practices would 
facilitate implementation by federal agencies of the final rule.
    Copies of the ASHRAE Energy Code and ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 
may be purchased from ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE., Atlanta, GA 
30329 (1-800-5-ASHRAE).

C. Comparison of the Proposed Rule With the Interim Standard

    The design and construction of new commercial and multi-family 
high-rise residential federal buildings is currently governed by 
interim energy efficiency standards issued in 1989. Table 1 provides a 
``cross-walk'' from the elements of the current interim federal 
commercial and multi-family high-rise residential building standard to 
the proposed rule to facilitate a comparison between the two standards. 
Column 1 of the table lists all of the sections of the interim standard 
and column 2 lists the location of sections within the proposed rule 
which include or refer to the same topic.

    Table 1.--Subject Cross-Walk Between the Current Interim Federal    
 Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise Standard and the Proposed Federal
                                  Rule                                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Interim standards                      Proposed rule         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
435.97  Purpose and 435.98 Scope.......  434.100  Administration and    
                                          Enforcement.                  
435.99  General Definitions and          434.200  Definitions.          
 Acronyms.                                                              
435.100  Explanation of numbering        434.99  Explanation of         
 systems for standards.                   numbering systems for         
                                          standards.                    
435.101  Implementation and compliance   434.100  Administration and    
 procedures for Federal agencies.         Enforcement--                 
435.102  Principles of effective energy  434.102  Compliance.           
 building design.                                                       
                                         Not included--Moved to Federal 
                                          Users Manual, Performance     
                                          standards for New Commercial  
                                          and Multi-Family High Rise    
                                          Residential Buildings. U.S.   
                                          Department of Energy. March   
                                          1994.                         
435.103  Lighting......................  434.401.3  Lighting Systems and
                                          Equipment.                    
435.104  Auxiliary Systems and           434.401.3  Lighting Systems &  
 Equipment..                              Equipment.                    
434.400  Building Design Requirements..  434.403  Building Mechanical   
                                          Systems and Equipment.        
                                         434.404  Building Service      
                                          Systems and Equipment.        
435.105  Building Envelope.............  434.402  Building Envelope     
                                          Assembles & Materials.        
  434.300  Design Conditions...........  434.300  Design Conditions.    
434.400  Building Design Requirements;   434.402  Building Envelope     
 402  Building Envelope Assemblies &      Assembles & Materials.        
 Materials.                                                             
435.106  Electric Power and              434.401  Electric Systems and  
 Distribution.                            Equipment.                    
435.107  Heating Ventilation and Air-    434.403  Building Mechanical   
 Conditioning (HVAC) Systems.             Systems and Equipment.        
434.400  Building Design Requirements;   434.403  Building Mechanical   
 403  Building Mechanical Systems and     Systems and Equipment.        
 Equipment.                                                             
435.108  Heating ventilation and air-    434.403  Building Mechanical   
 conditioning (HVAC) equipment.           Systems and Equipment.        
435.109  Service water heating systems.  434.404  Building Service      
                                          Systems & Equipment.          
434.400  Building Design Requirements..  434.403  Building Mechanical   
                                          Systems and Equipment.        
435.110  Energy management.............  434.403  Building Service      
                                          Systems and Equipment.        
435.111  Building energy cost            434.102  Compliance.           
 compliance alternative.                                                
                                         434.500  Building energy cost  
                                          compliance alternative.       
435.112  Building energy compliance      434.102  Compliance.           
 alternative.                                                           
                                         434.600  Building energy       
                                          Compliance Alternative.       
                                         434.700  Reference Standard.   
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 40885]]



D. Comparison of Codified Version of Standard 90.1-1989 to the Proposed 
Rule and Comparison Between Standard 90.1-1989 Addenda and the Proposed 
Rule

    This section provides a ``cross-walk'' between the proposed rule 
and the codified version of Standard 90.1-1989 as well as a ``cross-
walk'' between the proposed rule and Standard 90.1-1989 Addenda. The 
codified version published November 1993, includes all of the addenda 
adopted by ASHRAE to date in their codified form. Addendum f, dealing 
with fenestration, is pending consideration by ASHRAE. As a result, it 
is not included in the codified version of Standard 90.1-1989.

 Table 2.--Subject Cross Walk Between Codified Version of Standard 90.1-
                   1989 and the Proposed Federal Rule                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Codified 90.1-1989                     Proposed rule         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         434.99  Explanation of         
                                          Numbering System.             
CHAPTER 1  ADMINISTRATION AND            Subpart A--Administration and  
 ENFORCEMENT.                             Enforcement--General          
100  General                                                            
    100.1  Title                                                        
    100.2  Purpose.....................  434.100  Purpose.              
101  Scope.............................  434.101  Scope.                
102  Compliance........................  434.102  Compliance.           
103  Referenced Standards..............  434.103  Reference Standards.  
104  Validity..........................  434.104  Validity.             
105  Materials.........................  434.105  Materials and         
                                          Equipment.                    
106  Plans and Specifications..........  434.106  Plans and             
                                          Specifications.               
107  Inspections.......................  434.107  Inspections.          
CHAPTER 2  DEFINITIONS.................  Subpart B--Definitions         
201  Definitions.......................  434.201  Definitions.          
CHAPTER 3  DESIGN CONDITIONS...........  Subpart C--Design Conditions   
301  Design Criteria...................  434.301  Design Criteria.      
    301.1  Exterior Design Conditions..     301.1  Exterior Design      
                                             Conditions.                
    301.2  Indoor Design Conditions....     301.2  Indoor Design        
                                             Conditions.                
CHAPTER 4  BUILDING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS  Subpart D--Building Design     
                                          Requirements                  
     ELECTRIC SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT                                     
401  Electrical Power and Lighting       434.401  Electrical Power and  
 Systems.                                 Lighting Systems.             
    401.1  Electrical Distribution          401.1  Electrical           
     Systems.                                Distribution Systems.      
        401.1.1  Check Metering........     401.1.1  Check Metering.    
        401.1.2  Electrical Schematic..     401.1.2  Electrical         
                                             Schematic.                 
    401.2  Electric Motors.............     401.2  Electric Motors.     
        401.2.1  Efficiency............       401.2.1  Efficiency.      
     LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT                                     
    401.3  Lighting Power Allowance....       401.3  Lighting Power     
                                               Allowance.               
        401.3.1  Building Exteriors....       401.3.1  Building         
                                               Exteriors.               
        401.3.2  Building Interiors....       401.3.2  Building         
                                               Interiors.               
        401.3.3  Lighting Power Control       401.3.3  Lighting Power   
         Credits.                              Control Credits.         
        401.3.4  Lighting Controls.....       401.3.4  Lighting         
                                               Controls.                
        401.3.5  Ballasts..............       401.3.5  Ballasts.        
           BUILDING ENVELOPES                                           
402  Building Envelope Assemblies and    434.402  Building Envelope     
 Materials.                               Assemblies and Materials.     
    402.1  Calculations and Supporting      402.1  Calculation and      
     Information.                            Supporting Information.    
        402.1.1  Materials Properties..       402.1.1  Materials        
                                               Properties.              
        402.1.2  Thermal Performance          402.1.2  Thermal          
         Calculations.                         Performance Calculations.
        402.1.3  Gross Areas of               402.1.3  Gross Areas of   
         Envelope Components.                  Envelope Components.     
    402.2  Air Leakage and Moisture         402.2  Air Leakage and      
     Migration.                              Moisture Migration.        
        402.2.1  Air Leakage...........       402.2.1  Air Barrier      
                                               System.                  
        402.2.2  Exterior Envelope            402.2.2  Building         
         Joints and Penetrations.              Envelope.                
        402.2.3  Moisture Migration....       402.2.3  Moisture         
                                               Mitigation.              
    402.3  Thermal Performance Criteria     402.3  Thermal Performance  
                                             Criteria.                  
        402.3.1  Roofs; Floors and            402.3.1  Roofs; Floors and
         Walls Adjacent to                     Walls Adjacent to        
         Unconditioned Spaces.                 Unconditioned Spaces.    
        402.3.2  Below-Grade Walls and        402.3.2  Below-Grade Walls
         Slabs-on-Grade.                       and Slabs-on-Grade.      
    402.4  Exterior Walls..............     402.4  Exterior Walls.      
        402.4.1  Prescriptive Criteria.       402.4.1  Prescriptive     
                                               Criteria.                
        402.4.2  System Performance           402.4.2  System           
         Criteria.                             Performance Criteria.    
     BUILDING MECHANICAL SYSTEM AND                                     
               EQUIPMENT                                                
403  Building Mechanical Systems and     434.403  Building Mechanical   
 Equipment.                               Systems and Equipment.        
    403.1  Mechanical Equipment             403.1  Mechanical Equipment 
     Efficiency.                             Efficiency.                
    403.2  HVAC Systems................     403.2  HVAC Systems.        
        403.2.1  Load Calculations.....       403.2.1  Load             
                                               Calculations.            
        403.2.2  Equipment and System         403.2.2  Equipment and    
         Sizing.                               System Sizing.           
        403.2.3  Separate Air                 403.2.3  Separate Air     
         Distribution System.                  Distribution System.     
        403.2.4  Ventilation and Fan          403.2.4  Ventilation and  
         System Design.                        Fan System Design.       
        403.2.5  Pumping System Design.       403.2.5  Pumping System   
                                               Design.                  
        403.2.6  Temperature and              403.2.6  Temperature and  
         Humidity Controls.                    Humidity Controls.       
        403.2.7  Off-Hour Controls.....       403.2.7  Off-Hour         
                                               Controls.                
        403.2.8  Economizer Controls...       403.2.8  Economizer       
                                               Controls.                

[[Page 40886]]

                                                                        
        403.2.9  Distribution System          403.2.9  Distribution     
         Construction and Insulation.          System Construction and  
                                               Insulation.              
        403.2.10  Completion...........       403.2.10  Completion.     
 BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT                                 
404  Building Service Systems and        434.404  Building Service      
 Equipment.                               Systems and Equipment.        
    404.1  Service Water Heating            404.1  Service Water Heating
     Equipment.                              Equipment Efficiency.      
        404.1.1  Testing Electric and       404.1.1  Testing Electric   
         Oil Storage Water Heaters for       and Oil Storage Water      
         Standby Loss.                       Heaters for Standby Loss   
        404.1.2  Unfired Storage Tanks.       404.1.2  Unfired Storage  
                                               Tanks.                   
        404.1.3  Storage Volume Symbols       404.1.3  Storage Volume   
         in Table.                             Symbols in Table.        
    404.2  Service Hot Water Piping         404.2  Service Hot Water    
     Insulation.                             Piping Insulation.         
    404.3  Service Water Heating System     404.3  Service Water Heating
     Controls.                               System Controls.           
    404.4  Water Conservation..........     404.4  Water Conservation.  
    404.5  Swimming Pools..............     404.5  Swimming Pools.      
    404.6  Combined Service Water           404.6  Combined Service     
     Heating and Space Heating               Water Heating and Space    
     Equipment.                              Heating Equipment.         
The codified version of Standard 90.1-   Subpart E--Building Energy Cost
 1989, Section 102, Compliance,           Compliance Alternative        
 incorporates by reference the Building                                 
 Energy Cost Compliance Alternative.                                    
                                         434.501  General.              
                                         434.502  Determination of the  
                                          Annual Energy Cost Budget.    
                                         434.503  Prototype Building    
                                          Procedure.                    
                                         434.504  Use of the Prototype  
                                          Building to Determine the     
                                          Energy Cost Budget.           
                                         434.505  Reference Building    
                                          Method.                       
                                         434.506  Use of the Reference  
                                          Building to Determine the     
                                          Energy Cost Budget.           
                                         434.507  Calculation Procedure 
                                          and Simulation Tool.          
                                         434.508  Determination of the  
                                          Design Energy Consumption and 
                                          Design Energy Cost.           
                                         434.509  Compliance.           
                                         434.510  Standard Calculation  
                                          Procedure.                    
                                         434.511  Orientation and Shape.
                                         434.512  Internal Loads.       
                                         434.513  Occupancy.            
                                         434.514  Lighting.             
                                         434.515  Receptacles.          
                                         434.516  Building Exterior     
                                          Envelope.                     
                                         434.517  HVAC Systems and      
                                          Equipment.                    
                                         434.518  Service Water Heating.
                                         434.519  Controls.             
                                         434.520  Speculative Buildings.
                                         434.521  The Simulation Tool.  
The Building Energy Compliance           Subpart F--Building Energy     
 Alternative is not in the codified       Compliance Alternative        
 version.                                                               
                                         434.601  General.              
                                         434.602  Determination of the  
                                          Annual Energy Budget.         
                                         434.603  Determination of the  
                                          Design Energy Use.            
                                         434.604  Compliance.           
                                         434.605  Standards Calculation 
                                          Procedures.                   
                                         434.606  Simulation Tool.      
                                         434.607  Life Cycle Cost       
                                          Analysis Criteria.            
CHAPTER 5  REFERENCE STANDARDS.........  Subpart G--Reference Standards 
501  General...........................  434.701  General.              
------------------------------------------------------------------------



    As stated earlier, this proposed rule is being published in a 
unified and easy access form in lieu of publishing changes from the 
codified version of Standard 90.1 due to the integrated nature of the 
changes (small and large) from the codified version. In addition, this 
unified approach will facilitate the updating of this rule to reflect 
new energy efficiency provisions.
    DOE worked with the ASHRAE's Standing Standards Project Committee 
90.1 and the IES's Energy Management Committee in their development of 
addenda to Standard 90.1-1989. Today, the DOE is proposing to include 
some of these addenda in its proposed rule. Table 3 provides a subject 
cross walk between addenda to Standard 90.1-1989 and the proposed rule.

 Table 3.--Subject Cross Walk Between Standard 90.1-1989 Addenda and the
                          Proposed Federal Rule                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Standard 90.1-1989 Addenda                 Proposed rule         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Add. a  Not promulgated................                                 

[[Page 40887]]

                                                                        
Add. b  Revises service water heating    Subpart D  Building Design     
 criteria and updates miscellaneous       Requirements--                
 references to other standards in           404  Includes reference     
 Section 11 of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-         changes and addenda to     
 1989.                                       service water hearing      
                                             criteria.                  
Add. c  Motors. Makes the motor          Subpart D  Building Design     
 efficiency requirements more stringent   Requirements--                
 and updates and adds references to         401.2  Electric Motors.     
 NEMA Standards.                                                        
Add. d  Clarifies the Exception under    Subpart D  Building Design     
 6.4.2.5, Lighting controls in spaces     Requirements--                
 used as a whole.                           401.3.3  Lighting Power     
                                             Control Credits.           
Add. e  Clarifies wording of 9.4.7,      Subpart D  Building Design     
 Ventilation. Section 9.4.7.2 permits     Requirements--                
 outside air intake to exceed minimum       403.2.4  Ventilation and Fan
 levels provided the system is capable       System Design.             
 of operating at the minimum levels                                     
 specified by 6.1.3 of ASHRAE Standard                                  
 62.                                                                    
Add. f  Fenestration. Not adopted but    Subpart D  Building Design     
 pending consideration by ASHRAE.         Requirements--                
                                            402.4.1.2  Fenestration     
                                              DOE is proposing          
                                               substantive provisions   
                                               that are the same as in  
                                               proposed Addendum F.     
                                               DOE's version is written 
                                               in codified form.        
                                               Contains corrections in  
                                               the fenestration thermal 
                                               performance calculation  
                                               procedure to meet        
                                               industry standards.      
                                               Includes changes to the  
                                               alternative Component    
                                               (ACP) Tables to reflect  
                                               this change.             
Add. g  Expansion of Table 8C-2, Wall    Subpart D  Building Design     
 Sections with Metal Studs, Parallel      Requirements--                
 Path Correction Factors. Addresses         402.1.2.1  Envelope         
 thicker wall members and new                Assemblies Containing Metal
 technology for higher performance           Framing                    
 insulation products.                                                   
Add. h  Not promulgated                                                 
Add. i  Modifications to tables of HVAC  Subpart D  Building Design     
 equipment performance criteria in        Requirements--                
 Section 10. (These were first included     403.1  Mechanical Equipment 
 in Addenda a.) Incorporates updated         Efficiency.                
 test-procedure reference to the HVAC                                   
 equipment performance criteria.                                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------



E. Explanation of Differences Between the Proposed Rule and the 
Statutory Baseline

    This section explains the differences between the proposed rule and 
the statutory baseline. As noted above, this baseline includes Addenda 
b, d, and e, since they were in effect at the time EPACT was enacted. 
The discussion below corresponds to the sections in the proposed rule. 
Unless otherwise indicated, the proposed rule incorporates the language 
of the codified version of both Standard 90.1 and its addenda. Minor 
language changes and citation changes will not be noted.
Subpart A: Administration and Enforcement
    Sections 434.100 and 434.101, Purpose and Scope. In these proposed 
sections, the title, purpose and scope would be changed from the 
codified version and the statutory baseline to reflect the application 
to federal sector buildings. These sections would adopt language from 
the interim rule, with some modifications, which define the purpose of 
the proposed rule and the categories of buildings covered by this 
rulemaking. Specifically, the purpose section would use the term 
``energy efficiency'' instead of the term ``energy conservation'' which 
is used in the codified version. Proposed Sec. 434.101, Scope, would 
delete exception (1), which appears in both the statutory baseline and 
the codified version. Unlike the statutory baseline, the proposed rule 
specifically lists all the exceptions within the ``Scope'' section.
Sections 434.104, 106, and 107  Reserved
    The proposed rule does not include the sections entitled 
``Validity,'' ``Plans and Specifications,'' and ``Inspections'' from 
the codified version. The statutory baseline does not contain any of 
these sections either.
Subpart B: Definitions
    The proposed rule would change the definition of ``commercial 
building'' from the codified version by using the definition of 
``commercial building'' from the interim rule, which is identical to 
the definition in ECPA, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6832(4). The proposed 
rule would also add several other definitions from the interim rule 
that are not in the codified version. They are: building code, Federal 
agency, Federal building and multi-family high-rise residential 
buildings. All of these definitions, except for multi-family high rise 
residential buildings, are identical to the definitions in ECPA, as 
amended, 42 U.S.C. 6832(3), (5), and (6), respectively.
Subpart D: Building Design Requirements
    Section 401.2, Electric Motors. This proposed section would include 
Addendum c regarding motor efficiency. This is not part of the 
statutory baseline. These revised minimum efficiencies for electric 
motors are identical to those set forth in section 342(b) of the Energy 
Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) as amended by section 122(d) of 
EPACT. The codified version of Addendum c is used with the exception of 
Table 401.2.1 of the proposed rule, which is from Table 5.1 of the non-
codified version of the addendum. The codified version of Table 401.2.1 
is condensed from the non-codified version and does not include as 
broad a range of motor types. The effect of including Addendum c is to 
make section 401.2 of the proposed rule more energy efficient than the 
statutory baseline. See, Technical Support Document (TSD), pages 2-3.
    Section 401.3.2, Building Interiors. This proposed section would 
adopt most of the lighting requirements of the interim rule. Those 
lighting requirements incorporated from the interim rule are more 
energy efficient than the statutory baseline; the remaining 
requirements are identical to the statutory baseline. See, Technical 
Support Document, pages 3-7.
    The interim federal rule specifies two sets of maximum unit power 
density

[[Page 40888]]

values (UPD). UPD is measured as lighting watts per square foot of 
floor area. The initial (1989) values are the same as those in the 
codified version of Standard 90.1-1989. It also contains more energy 
efficient UPD values that took effect in 1993. The values proposed 
today have been updated to reflect the results of the detailed 
assessment of the 1993 interim values made during a demonstration phase 
of the applicability of the interim rule. These values reflect a goal 
of progressive energy-conserving practice without prohibiting the 
design of quality lighting in interior environments.
    The proposed rule would include UPD values in Tables 401.3.2b and 
401.3.2c that in most cases are more stringent than the statutory 
baseline for various area/space categories. The proposed rule would 
adopt 79 of the 106 space types listed at the more stringent 1993 UPD 
values and 27 of the 106 space types listed at the 1989 UPD values from 
the interim rule. In no case is more lighting energy allowed than 
provided for under Standard 90.1-1989. See, Technical Support Document, 
page 4.
    In the proposed rule, offices have a high number of recommended UPD 
values from the 1993 values of the interim rule because the substantial 
amount of case study and simulation evidence points overwhelmingly to a 
current capability for further reducing office lighting energy use 
without sacrificing lighting quality. The large amount of office space 
in the United States means that even this small improvement in energy 
efficiency specifications will result in significant additional energy 
savings. In only one case is a 1993 office value retained at the 1989 
UPD value.
    Sections 402.1.1.1, Shading Coefficient, and 402.1.2.2, Envelope 
Assemblies Containing Nonmetal Framing. The reference in the last 
sentence of Section 402.1.1.1 is Table 41, Chapter 27, of the ASHRAE, 
Handbook, 1989 Fundamentals Volume rather than the reference found in 
the codified version to Table 41 of the older 1985 Handbook. The 1985 
Handbook is also referenced in the statutory baseline. There is no 
difference in the content of these tables, simply a different table 
number in the two versions of the Handbook.
    The reference in the last sentence of Section 402.1.2.2 is changed 
from page 23.2 of Chapter 23 of the ASHRAE, Handbook, 1985 Fundamentals 
Volume found in the codified version and the statutory baseline, to 
page 23.2 of Chapter 23 of ASHRAE, Handbook, 1989 Fundamentals Volume. 
This updated reference is not substantive in nature.
    Section 402.1.2.1, Envelope Assemblies Containing Metal Framing. 
The proposed rule would adopt Addendum 90.1g, which is not part of the 
statutory baseline. Addendum 90.1g expands proposed Table 402.1.2.1b, 
Parallel Path Correction Factors, Metal Framed Walls with Studs 16 
Gauge or Lighter, to include metal studs and a larger variety of 
insulation products in exterior wall framing. These technologies are 
not required. The table is expanded to make it easier for builders to 
use these technologies. See, Technical Support Document, page 9.
    Section 402.1.2.4, Fenestration Assemblies. The proposed rule would 
change the rating method for fenestration (windows and skylights) from 
that used in the statutory baseline. The proposed Section 402.1.2.4, 
which mirrors proposed ASHRAE Addendum f, differs from the statutory 
baseline in two respects. First, the proposed rule would adopt the test 
procedure of the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC), NFRC 100-
91, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Thermal Properties 
(currently limited to thermal transmittance value). This test procedure 
modifies the method of calculating the thermal transmittance of 
fenestration assemblies (e.g., framing and glazing). Second, the 
thermal transmittance values in Equation 402.1.2.3, referenced in the 
proposed section, would be updated to reflect the new rating procedure 
so that the minimum required window assemblies would be essentially the 
same as those required under Standard 90.1-1989 using the old rating 
method. See, Technical Support Document, pages 10-11.
    The new testing procedure was developed by a consensus process 
supported by the Department under section 121 of EPACT. The Department 
is proposing to adopt the NFRC Test Procedure because this method 
provides a more accurate measure of energy efficiency. In addition to 
being the basis for proposed Addendum 90.1f to Standard 90.1-1989 now 
under consideration by the ASHRAE Standing Standards Project Committee, 
it is already referred to in Chapter 27 of the 1993 ASHRAE Handbook of 
Fundamentals. As noted previously in Section II.D. above, proposed 
Addendum f is not included in the codified version.
    Section 402.4.1.2, Fenestration. The revised tables 402.4.1.1 on 
maximum wall thermal transmittance overall and 402.4.1.2 on maximum 
window wall ratio (WWR) were created using the new method of 
calculating the thermal transmittance of fenestration described above. 
These revised tables incorporate the changes in fenestration test 
procedures and required thermal transmittance overall values specified 
in Section 402.1.2.4.
    Section 403.1, Mechanical Equipment Efficiency. The proposed rule 
adopts the changes set forth in Addendum 90.1i, which are not part of 
the statutory baseline. These changes update the Test Procedure column 
in the HVAC Tables 403.1a through 403.1f, to reflect the latest 
references in mechanical equipment efficiency test procedures to ensure 
consistency with industry practice. Addendum 90.1i also changes the 
required minimum cubic feet per minute (cfm) for variable-air-volume 
(VAV) systems to 300 cfm in order to provide consistency with the 
minimum requirements of Section 403.2.4, Ventilation and Fan System 
Design (Addendum 90.1e) See, Technical Support Document, pages 12-14 . 
Addendum 90.1e, which is part of the statutory baseline, permits 
outside air intake to exceed the minimum levels established by Standard 
90.1-1989, to increase indoor air quality and tenant comfort.
Subpart E, Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative
    This provision is part of the statutory baseline. It is 
incorporated in the codified version of Standard 90.1-1989 by reference 
only (see Section 102, Compliance). The language of this subpart has 
been adopted in its entirety from the interim rule, with the exception 
of paragraphs 11.2.3, 11.2.4 and 11.3.1 found in Sec. 435.111. The 
language in paragraph 11.2.3, which is contained in Section 502.3 of 
the proposed rule would be modified to make it more clear. The language 
in paragraph 11.2.4 would be deleted because it is merely explanatory 
in nature and does not include any regulatory requirements. The 
language in paragraph 11.3.1, which is contained in Section 508.1 of 
the proposed rule, has been modified to avoid confusion regarding which 
energy supply sources the section applies to.
    This subpart sets forth the requirements for using one of two 
alternative methods of whole building performance compliance. This 
alternative method is based on a comparison of expected local monthly 
energy costs for the proposed building design (referred to as the 
``design energy cost'') to the expected energy costs of a similar 
building designed to just meet the specific requirements of subpart D 
(referred to as the ``energy cost budget'').

[[Page 40889]]

Compliance is achieved when the estimated design energy cost is less 
than or equal to the energy cost budget. Subpart E provides 
instructions for determining the budget and for calculating energy 
analysis of prototype or reference building designs configured to meet 
the prescriptive or systems requirements of the standards.
    The prototype or reference building design for the energy cost 
budget (1) incorporates the minimum technical specifications in 
proposed subpart D and (2) is based on the least expensive energy 
source(s) (e.g. electricity, natural gas, or oil) for space and water 
heating. The reference energy source(s) is not a requirement or 
recommendation.
    This approach allows a designer maximum flexibility in the design 
process, while ensuring that the building is designed to have energy 
cost no higher than costs under the other compliance paths. This path 
provides an opportunity for the energy conservation benefits of 
innovative designs, materials, and equipment to be used when they 
cannot be evaluated adequately under either the prescriptive or system 
performance procedures.
Subpart F, Building Energy Compliance Alternative
    This subpart is not found in the statutory baseline or the codified 
version of Standard 90.1-1989. The Building Energy Compliance 
Alternative has been adopted in its entirety from the current interim 
rule (See 10 CFR 435.112), with the exception of a portion of paragraph 
12.1.7 from Sec. 435.112, which would be deleted to conform to 10 CFR 
part 436. (See Proposed Section 601.7 ). The proposed rule would also 
modify the language of paragraphs 12.3.2.1 and 12.7.1 from 
Sec. 435.112, now contained in proposed Sections 603.2.1 and 607.1, 
respectively. In the first instance, the modification would clarify the 
language of the proposed section; in the latter instance, the 
modification would conform the proposed section to part 436 and 
simplify it. Finally, a portion of paragraph 12.7.1.4 from Sec. 435.112 
would be deleted in order to make proposed Section 607.1.4 accurate.
    This subpart provides an additional alternative path for compliance 
with the proposed rule which is based on a comparison of total energy 
use rather than energy costs as in subpart E. Compliance under this 
subpart is demonstrated by showing that the calculated annual energy 
usage for the proposed building design is equal to or less than a 
calculated design energy use target based on just meeting the 
requirements of subpart D.
    A life-cycle cost economic analysis is required to evaluate both 
the choice of energy source(s) and energy reduction strategies. Unlike 
subpart E, this subpart requires the use of the energy source(s) 
determined to have the lowest life-cycle cost. Fuel sources selected 
for the proposed design and prototype or reference buildings are 
determined by considering the energy costs and other costs and benefits 
that occur during the expected economic life of the alternative. The 
procedures set forth in subpart A of 10 CFR part 436 are used to make 
the determination.
    When the proposed design is compared to the prototype or reference 
building, the same subsystems and fuel sources are used so that the 
subsystems of each correspond. Life-cycle cost analysis is then used to 
determine whether proposed features would be cost-effective to the 
federal government. (Section IV of this preamble discusses federal 
policies which promote the purchase of cost-effective energy efficiency 
investments.)
Subpart G, Reference Standards
    The proposed rule would adopt the reference section from the 
codified version of Standard 90.1-1989 with several additions. Several 
of these changes are described above. In addition, several references 
to other building industry standards are being updated to be consistent 
with the current version of those standards. These changed references 
are: RS-4, ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, 1985 which was updated to 
version 1989 and RS-48 which was updated to version 1993. Specifically, 
added reference standards include: RS-43, NEMA MG 10-1983 (R 1988), 
Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Polyphase Motors, 
National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 20037; 
RS-44, NEMA MG 11-1977 (R 1982, 1987), Energy Management Guide for 
Selection and Use of Single-Phase Motors, National Electrical 
Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 20037; RS-45, ARI Standard 
330-93, Ground-Source Closed Loop Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and 
Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, Va. 22209; RS-46, ARI Standard 560-
92, Absorption Water Chilling and Water Heating Packages, Air-
Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, Va. 22209; RS-47, 
ASHRAE, Handbook, 1991 Applications Volume, American Society of 
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 
30329; RS-48, ASHRAE, Handbook, 1993 Fundamentals Volume, American 
Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air- Conditioning Engineers, 
Atlanta, GA 30329; and RS-49, Codified Version of ASHRAE, Standard 
90.1-1989, Energy Code For Commercial And High-Rise Residential 
Buildings, including Addenda b, c, d, e, g, and i.

III. Consultation

    In developing today's proposal, DOE has consulted with outside 
parties, including state and local code officials, private sector 
representatives, and other federal agencies, as required by sections 
305(a)(1) of ECPA, as amended.

IV. Energy Impacts

    Section 305(a)(2)(A) of ECPA, as amended, requires that the 
proposed rule meet or exceed Standard 90.1-1989. As stated above, DOE 
is interpreting the statutory reference to Standard 90.1-1989 to 
include addenda in effect when EPACT was enacted. The proposed rule 
includes all of the energy efficiency provisions in the statutory 
baseline including the addenda in effect as of October 24, 1992. It 
also includes the three addenda adopted since October 24, 1992 (Addenda 
c, g and i), and lighting specifications that are not included in 
either Standard 90.1-1989 or any of its addenda. Further, DOE proposes 
requirements based upon proposed Addendum f.
    Overall, the proposed rule, if adopted, for new federal buildings, 
would reduce energy use by about 5 percent more than adoption of a rule 
that meets the statutory baseline. The Department has determined that 
Addenda g and i, addressing metal stud walls and HVAC performance 
testing, respectively, as well as proposed Addendum f have no impact on 
energy use. The Department estimates that Addendum c provides a 0.24 
percent reduction in building energy use. This same reduction will be 
realized nationwide as the electric motor standards of section 342 (b) 
of the EPCA, as amended, take effect. The Department has also 
determined that the proposed lighting standards will result in total 
building energy use which is 4.7 percent less than that allowed by the 
statutory baseline.
    Even though today's proposed rule is more stringent than the 
statutory baseline, two components of the proposed rule are likely to 
result in an increase in allowed energy use as compared to the interim 
rule. First, the interim rule does not include the new ventilation 
standard found in the statutory baseline, Addendum e of Standard 90.1-
1989. Addendum 90.1e requires inclusion of capacity to provide more 
fresh air to be brought into commercial buildings in order to improve 
indoor air quality and occupant

[[Page 40890]]

comfort. The Department estimates that the additional energy needed to 
heat, cool, dehumidify and move this additional outdoor air will 
increase energy use under the proposed rule by 10 to 15 percent from 
the energy requirements in the interim standard.
    Second, for 27 of the 106 space types, the lighting requirements in 
the proposed rule are less stringent than the 1993 lighting values in 
the interim rule. The changes are unlikely, however, to have much 
impact on energy use since the 1993 UPD values proved difficult to 
implement for these 27 space types.
    The energy estimates reported here are based on the minimum 
specifications found in Subsection D of the proposed rule. Additional 
cost-effective energy efficiency improvements in new federal commercial 
buildings are facilitated by this rule through subparts E and F, the 
alternative paths which provide a means of documenting the energy 
savings and cost-effectiveness of more energy efficient building 
designs. Pursuant to section 306 of ECPA, as amended, federal agencies 
must adopt building standards which meet or exceed the standards of the 
proposed rule. Utilization of the voluntary code format for this rule 
would facilitate DOE's consideration and incorporation of new code 
specifications. The Department is actively involved in the development 
and analysis of a next-generation voluntary code for commercial 
buildings.
    Several existing programs and policies are also designed to reduce 
energy use in new federal buildings beyond minimum specifications. The 
proposed rule is specifically designed to work in conjunction with 
existing efforts. The life cycle cost analysis provisions found in 10 
CFR part 436 allow agencies to determine when additional or alternative 
efficiency measures would provide net benefits in the form of energy 
cost savings to ensure that measures selected under the alternative 
paths are cost-effective to the Federal government. Section 306(a) of 
Executive Order No. 12902 (59 FR 11463, March 8, 1994), ``Executive 
Order on Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal 
Facilities,'' specifically requires for new Federal facilities that, 
``Each agency involved in the construction of a new facility * * * 
shall: (1) Design and construct such facility to minimize the life 
cycle cost of the facility by utilizing energy efficiency, water 
conservation, or solar or other renewable energy technologies.'' It 
also requires agencies to ``ensure that the design and construction of 
facilities meet or exceed the energy performance standards applicable 
to Federal residential or commercial buildings as set forth in 10 CFR 
part 435, local building standards, or a Btu-per-gross square-foot 
ceiling . . . whichever will result in a lower life cycle cost over the 
life of the facility.'' Section 306(a)(2). Finally, this Executive 
Order directs agencies to purchase equipment for buildings that are in 
the upper 25 percent of energy efficiency for all similar products or 
at least 10 percent more efficient than the minimum level that meets 
Federal standards if they are cost-effective and to the extent 
practicable. Section 507(a)(2). Programs within the Department's Office 
of Codes and Standards and the Federal Energy Management Program 
provide agencies with assistance in utilizing life-cycle cost analysis 
and in identifying and procuring energy efficient shell and equipment 
options for Federal buildings.

V. Technological Feasibility and Economic Justification

    The standards proposed today are technologically feasible and cost 
effective to the federal government as required by section 305(a)(1) of 
ECPA, as amended. Those provisions included in the statutory baseline 
have been part of recommended professional practice since at least 
October 1992. Addenda adopted or proposed by ASHRAE and IES since EPACT 
was enacted (Addenda 90.1c, f, g, and i addressing motors, 
fenestration, metal framing in the building envelope, and heating and 
cooling equipment test procedures, respectively) will be addressed 
specifically to explain their technological feasibility and cost 
effectiveness.
    Addendum 90.1c, regarding motors was developed in cooperation with 
the National Electrical Manufacturers Association and is based on its 
standards. Motors covered by this criteria are currently being actively 
marketed by manufacturers and regularly incorporated as cost effective 
retrofit measures in utility demand side management programs. See, 
Technical Support Document, page 3. Section 342(b) of EPCA, as amended, 
governs the efficiency of motors manufactured after October 1997. 
Discussions with manufacturers lead DOE to believe that these products 
will be cost effective for all new federal buildings at the time this 
rule would become effective.
    Proposed Addendum 90.1f modifies the method of calculating the 
thermal transmittance of fenestration assemblies based on the National 
Fenestration Rating Council's procedures for determining fenestration 
thermal performance. Over 12,000 products have been certified using 
this procedure. Hence, the Department believes that these procedures 
are technologically feasible. Furthermore, DOE believes that the U-
values specified in the proposed rule based on Addendum f would not 
change the types of windows from those required by Standard 90.1-1989. 
A review of the National Fenestration Products Rating Council Certified 
Product Directory leads DOE to conclude that the proposed changes will 
not require a change in fenestration from the statutory baseline. See, 
Technical Support Document, pages 10-11.
    Addendum 90.1g, expands proposed Table 402.1.2.1b, Parallel Path 
Correction Factors, Metal Framed Walls with Studs 16 Gauge or Lighter, 
to include a larger variety of available types of metal studs, spacing 
of framing members and cavity insulation values which are being used 
for exterior walls. This was done in light of recent increased interest 
in metal shed construction. The proposed rule only permits the use of 
metal studs if the exterior wall is properly insulated; it does not 
require the use of this technology. The Department believes this 
technology will be used only in cases where the builder finds it is 
cost effective to do so. See, Technical Support Document, pages 8-9.
    Addendum 90.1i updates the test procedures for heating and cooling 
equipment. Their adoption by equipment manufacturers demonstrates their 
technological feasibility. Furthermore, since these are established 
testing procedures used by industry, DOE believes their inclusion in 
the proposed rule will have no impact on cost. In addition, Addendum 
90.1i specifies minimum air changes per hour under various 
circumstances. DOE believes this will not increase energy use beyond 
the statutory baseline since Addendum e, adopted prior to October 24, 
1992 already allowed this practice. See, Technical Support Document, 
pages 12-14.
    The proposed rule adopts those 1993 lighting specifications that 
proved to be both technologically feasible and cost-effective. (See 
Appendix of the TSD). For each of the 79 space/area types for which the 
Department is proposing to use the 1993 UPD values from the interim 
rule, these values proved to be both technologically feasible and cost-
effective to the federal government. For each of the 27 space/area 
types for which the Department is proposing to use the 1989 values from 
the interim rule (identical to the statutory baseline),

[[Page 40891]]

the Department's analysis indicated potential technical difficulties in 
using the 1993 UPD values while retaining adequate lighting levels for 
the relevant tasks. In determining the cost-effectiveness of the 
lighting provisions, the original analysis was adjusted to reflect the 
estimated lower cost of electricity to the federal government. See, 
Technical Support Document, pages 3-7.

VI. Measures Concerning Radon and Other Indoor Air Pollutants

    Section 305(a)(2)(C) of ECPA, as amended, requires the Department 
to consider, where appropriate, measures with regard to radon and other 
indoor air pollutants. The Department has consulted with the 
Environmental Protection Agency and determined that there are no radon 
standards applicable to the types of buildings covered by the proposed 
rule.
    Ventilation is the only proposed change that has an effect on 
indoor air quality and thus, on habitability. The proposed rule, 
through its inclusion of Addendum 90.1e, would adopt the minimum 
ventilation rates specified by ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, entitled 
``Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,'' effectively 
increasing ventilation in new federal buildings. Improving building 
ventilation conditions by adjustments to mechanical systems is widely 
used as a generic mitigation practice for indoor air quality problems. 
It is widely assumed that such adjustments increase ventilation rates 
and as a consequence decrease contaminant concentrations, reduce 
dissatisfaction with air quality and reduce symptom prevalence. A range 
of experimental and epidemiological studies have been carried out to 
evaluate these relationships. However, these study results are in 
dispute.

VII. Findings and Certification

A. Federalism Review

    Executive Order 12612, 52 FR 41685 (October 30, 1987), requires 
that regulations, rules, legislation, and any other policy actions be 
reviewed for any substantial direct effects on states, on the 
relationship between the Federal government and the States, or in the 
distribution of power and responsibilities among various levels of 
government. If there are substantial effects, then the Executive Order 
requires preparation of a federalism assessment to be used in all 
decisions involved in promulgating and implementing policy action.
    This proposed rule would establish standards for new federal 
commercial and multi-family high rise residential buildings. It does 
not impose any requirements on State governments. Therefore, the 
Department finds that today's proposed rule, if finalized, will not 
have a substantial direct effect on State governments and, therefore, a 
federalism assessment has not been prepared.

B. Review Under Executive Order on Promulgating Regulations 12988

    Section 3 of Executive Order 12988, 61 FR 4729 (February 7, 1996), 
instructs each agency to adhere to certain requirements in promulgating 
new regulations. These requirements, set forth in section 3 (a) and 
(b), include eliminating drafting errors and needless ambiguity, 
drafting the regulations to minimize litigation, providing clear and 
certain legal standards for affected legal conduct, and promoting 
simplification and burden reduction. Agencies are also instructed to 
make every reasonable effort to ensure that the regulation describes 
any administrative proceeding to be available prior to judicial review 
and any provisions for the exhaustion of administrative remedies. The 
Department certifies that the proposed rule meets the requirements of 
section 3(a) and (b) of Executive Order 12988.

C. Regulatory Planning and Review

    This regulatory action has been determined to be a significant 
regulatory action under Executive Order No. 12866, 58 FR 51735 (October 
4, 1993), but not economically significant. Accordingly, today's action 
was subject to review under the Executive Order by the Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) and OIRA has completed its 
review.

D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, 5 U.S.C. 601-612, requires 
that an agency prepare an initial regulatory flexibility analysis and 
that it be published at the time of publication of general notice of 
proposed rulemaking for the rule. This requirement does not apply if 
the agency ``certifies that the rule will not, if promulgated, have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.'' (5 U.S.C. 605).
    The proposed rule only imposes requirements on the Federal 
government for the construction of new Federal commercial and multi-
family high rise residential buildings. Therefore, the Department 
certifies that this rule, if promulgated, would not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

E. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act

    In issuing the interim rule, the Department prepared an 
Environmental Assessment (EA) of the interim standards for Federal 
commercial and multi-family high rise residential buildings. The EA 
concluded that the effect of the proposed standards on a building's 
habitability as well as on the outdoor environment, the economy and 
Federal institutions, would be very small. Thus, environmental effects 
from standards proposed for a minimum level of energy efficiency for 
new Federal and commercial multi-family high rise residential buildings 
were determined not to be a major Federal action significantly 
affecting the quality of the human environment, under the meaning of 
the National Environmental Policy Act. A Finding of No Significant 
Impact (FONSI) was issued by DOE on November 3, 1986. The FONSI was 
then published along with the proposed rule in 52 FR 17052, 17064 (May 
6, 1987) and referenced in the interim rule in 54 FR 4551 (January 30, 
1989).
    The 1989 interim rule that established building energy efficiency 
standards was mandatory for federal buildings and voluntary for all 
others. This proposed rule addresses solely federal construction, which 
represents only 2 percent of total new construction nationwide, and 
does not include voluntary standards for non-federal construction.
    The proposed rule would change energy consumption as compared to 
the interim rule in the areas of lighting, motors, and HVAC. In 
conducting the environmental analysis for this proposed rule, the 
Department found that the proposed changes would produce a 4.7 percent 
reduction in building energy consumption compared to the 1989 lighting 
criteria in the interim rule. The proposed rule would also produce a 
0.24 percent reduction in building energy consumption due to the 
proposed efficiency requirements of motors as compared to the interim 
rule. The proposed rule, however, could increase energy use by 10-15 
percent, because of the additional HVAC requirements of Addendum 90.1e, 
as compared to the interim rule. The net result would be an approximate 
5-10 percent increase in total building energy use as compared to the 
interim rule with the 1989 lighting levels. Since federal construction 
represents only 2 percent of the total new commercial and multi-family 
high-rise construction nationally,

[[Page 40892]]

the increase in energy consumption nationally would be negligible.
    The Department believes that a minimum environmental impact would 
result from this proposed rule. Further, such effects would fall within 
the range of impacts that are analyzed in the interim rule's EA. These 
effects are determined not to be significant in the FONSI published in 
1987. Accordingly, DOE determines that after all the environmental 
effects of the proposed rule are considered, this proposed rule is 
bounded by the analysis in the EA. Therefore, the preparation of a new 
EA or an environmental impact statement is not required.

F. Environmental Protection Agency Review

    As required by the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, 15 
U.S.C. 766 (a)(1), a copy of this proposed rule was submitted to the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency for comments on 
the impact of the proposed rule on the quality of the environment.

G. Paperwork Reduction Act Review

    This proposed rule was examined with respect to the Paperwork 
Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., which directs agencies to 
minimize Federal information collection and reporting burdens imposed 
on individuals, small businesses, and State and local governments.
    This proposed rule would establish requirements for the design of 
new Federal commercial and multi-family high rise buildings. It does 
not impose requirements for the collection or reporting of information 
to the Federal Government. Accordingly, clearance under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1980 is not required by the Office of Information and 
Regulatory Affairs of the Office of Management and Budget.

H. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Review

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), 
enacted as Pub. L. 104-4 on March 22, 1995, requires each Federal 
agency, to the extent permitted by law, to prepare a written assessment 
of the effects of any Federal mandate in a proposed or final agency 
rule that may result in the expenditure by State, local, and tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 
million or more (adjusted annually for inflation) in any one year. The 
requirements do not apply if the rule incorporates regulatory 
requirements that are specifically set forth in law. See 2 U.S.C. 1531, 
1532.
    Furthermore, section 204(a) of the Act, 2 U.S.C. 1534(a), requires 
the Federal agency to develop an effective process to permit timely 
input by elected officers (or their designees) of State, local, and 
tribal governments on a proposed ``significant intergovernmental 
mandate.'' A ``significant intergovernmental mandate'' under the Act is 
any provision in a Federal agency regulation that: (1) Would impose an 
enforceable duty upon State, local, or tribal governments (except as a 
condition of Federal assistance); and (2) may result in the expenditure 
by State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, of $100 
million (adjusted annually for inflation) in any one year. Section 203 
of the Act, which supplements section 204(a), provides that before 
establishing any regulatory requirements that might significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, the agency shall have developed a 
plan that, among other things, provides for notice to potentially 
affected small governments, if any, and for a meaningful and timely 
opportunity to provide input in the development of regulatory 
proposals. 2 U.S.C. 1533.
    The rule proposed today would establish building energy efficiency 
standards for new Federal commercial and multi-family high rise 
residential buildings pursuant to section 305(a) of the Energy 
Conservation and Production Act, as amended. 42 U.S.C. 6834(a). It does 
not include any Federal requirements that would result in the 
expenditure of money by State, local, and tribal governments. 
Therefore, the requirements of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 
do not apply to this rulemaking.

I. Review under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration 
Authorization Act

    Pursuant to section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (Pub. L. 95-91), the Department of Energy is required to comply 
with section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as 
amended by section 9 of the Federal Energy Administration Authorization 
Act of 1977. The findings required of the Department of Energy by 
section 32 serve to notify the public regarding the use of commercial 
standards in a proposal and through the rulemaking process. It allows 
interested persons to make known their views regarding the 
appropriateness of the use of any particular commercial standard in a 
notice of proposed rulemaking. Section 32 also requires that the 
Department of Energy consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman 
of the Federal Trade Commission concerning the impacts of such 
standards on competition.
    Today's proposed rule adopts, in significant part, the codified 
version of Standard 90.1-1989, including six addenda adopted by ASHRAE/
IES. They are: Addenda b, c, d, e, g, and i. In addition, the proposed 
rule contains other industry reference standards and sources. They are: 
ASHRAE, Handbook, 1989, 1993, Fundamentals Volumes, American Society of 
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA. 
30329; National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) 100-91, Procedure 
for Determining Fenestration Product Thermal Properties, Silver Spring, 
MD, 20910; NEMA MG 10-1983 (R 1988), Energy Management Guide for 
Selection and Use of Polyphase Motors, National Electrical 
Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 20037; NEMA MG 11-1977 (R 
1982, 1987), Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Single-
Phase Motors, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 
Washington,DC, 20037; ARI Standard 330-93, Ground-Source Closed Loop 
Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington,Va. 
22209; ARI Standard 560-92, Absorption Water Chilling and Water Heating 
Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, Va. 
22209; and ASHRAE Handbook, 1991 Applications Volume, American Society 
of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 
30329.
    The Department of Energy has evaluated the promulgation of the 
above standards with regard to compliance with section 32(b). The 
Department is unable to conclude whether these standards fully comply 
with the requirements of section 32(b), i.e., that they were developed 
in a manner which fully provided for public participation, comment, and 
review. Therefore, DOE now invites public comment on the 
appropriateness of incorporating these industry standards in its final 
rule. As required by section 32(c), DOE will consult with the Attorney 
General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission concerning the 
impact of these standards on competition, prior to issuing a notice of 
Final Rulemaking.

VIII. Public Comment Procedures

A. Participation in Rulemaking

    The Department encourages the maximum level of public participation 
in this rulemaking. Individuals, Federal agencies, architects, 
engineers, utilities, States and local governments, building

[[Page 40893]]

code organizations, builders, builder associations, building owners, 
building owner association, consumers, and others are urged to submit 
written data, views, or comments on the proposal. Whenever applicable, 
full supporting rationale, data and detailed analyses should also be 
submitted. The Department also encourages interested persons to 
participate in the public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, at the 
time and place indicated in this Notice.
    The Department has established a comment period of 90 days 
following publication of this notice during which interested persons 
may comment on this proposal. All comments will be available for review 
in the Department's Freedom of Information Reading Room.

B. Written Comment Procedures

    Written comments (ten copies) should be submitted to the address 
indicated in the ADDRESSES section of this notice and must be received 
by the time and date indicated in the DATES section of this notice. 
Comments should be identified on both the outside of the envelope and 
on the documents themselves with the designation, ``Energy Code for New 
Federal Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings 
(Docket No. EE-RM-79-112-C).'' In the event any person wishing to 
provide written comments cannot provide ten copies, alternative 
arrangements can be made in advance with DOE by calling.
    All comments received on or before the date specified at the 
beginning of this notice and other relevant information will be 
considered by DOE before final action is taken on the proposed rule. 
All written comments will be available for examination in the Rule 
Docket File in the Department's Freedom of Information Office Reading 
Room at the address provided at the beginning of this notice both 
before and after the closing date for comments. In addition, a 
transcript of the proceedings of the public hearings will be filed in 
the docket.
    Pursuant to the provisions of 10 CFR 1004.11, any person submitting 
information or data that is believed to be confidential, and which may 
be exempt by law from public disclosure, should submit one complete 
copy, and two copies from which the information claimed to be 
confidential has been deleted. The Department will make its own 
determination of any such claim and treat it according to its 
determination.

C. Public Hearing Procedures

1. Procedure for Submitting Requests to Speak
    In order to have the benefit of a broad range of public viewpoints 
in this rulemaking, the Department will hold a public hearing at the 
time and place indicated in the DATES and ADDRESSES sections of this 
notice. Any person who has an interest in the proposed rule or who is a 
representative of a group or class of persons that has an interest in 
the proposed rule may request an opportunity to make an oral 
presentation. Requests to speak should be sent to the address or phone 
number indicated in the ADDRESSES section of this notice and received 
by the time specified in the DATES section of this notice.
    The persons making the request should briefly describe his or her 
interest in the proceedings and, if appropriate, state why that person 
is a proper representative of the group or class of persons that has 
such an interest. The person also should provide a telephone number 
where they may be contacted during the day. Each person selected to 
speak at a public hearing will be notified by the DOE as to the 
approximate time that they will be speaking. They should bring ten 
copies of their statement to the hearing. In the event any person 
wishing to testify cannot meet this requirement, alternative 
arrangements can be made in advance with DOE.
2. Conduct of Hearing
    The DOE reserves the right to select persons to be heard at the 
hearings, to schedule their presentations, and to establish procedures 
governing the conduct of the hearing. The length of each presentation 
is limited to ten minutes, or based on the number of persons requesting 
to speak.
    A Department official will preside at the hearing. The hearing will 
not be a judicial or evidentiary-type hearing, but will be conducted in 
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553 and section 501 of the Department of 
Energy Organization Act, 42 U.S.C. 7191. At the conclusion of all 
initial oral statements, each person will be given the opportunity to 
make a rebuttal statement. The rebuttal statements will be given in the 
order in which the initial statements were made.
    Questions may be asked only by those conducting the hearing. Any 
interested person may submit to the presiding official written 
questions to be asked of any person making a statement at the hearing. 
The presiding official will determine whether the question is relevant 
or whether time limitations permit it to be presented for a response.
    Any further procedural rules needed for the proper conduct of the 
hearing will be announced by the Presiding Officer at the hearing.

    If DOE must cancel the public hearing, DOE will make every effort 
to publish an advance notice of such cancellation in the Federal 
Register. Actual notice of cancellation will also be given to all 
persons scheduled to speak. The hearing date may be cancelled in the 
event no member of the public requests the opportunity to make an oral 
presentation.

List of subjects in 10 CFR Parts 434 and 435

    Buildings, Energy conservation, Engineers, Federal buildings and 
facilities.

    Issued in Washington, DC, on July, 1996.

Christine A. Ervin,

Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, Chapter II of Title 10 
of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as set 
forth below:

PART 435--ENERGY CONSERVATION VOLUNTARY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR 
NEW BUILDINGS; MANDATORY FOR FEDERAL BUILDINGS

    1. The authority citation for part 435 is revised to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 42 USC 6831-6832; 6834-6836; 42 USC 8253-54; 42 USC 
7101 et seq.

Secs. 435.97 through 435.112  (Subpart A) [Removed and reserved]

    2. Subpart A (Secs. 435.97 through 435.112) to part 435 is removed 
and reserved.

    3. A new part 434 is added to Chapter II of Title 10 to read as set 
forth below:

PART 434--ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY 
HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Sec.
434.99  Explanation of numbering system for codes.

Subpart A--Administration and Enforcement--General

434.100  Purpose.
434.101  Scope.
434.102  Compliance.
434.103  Referenced standards (RS).
434.105  Materials and equipment.

Subpart B--Definitions

434.201  Definitions.

[[Page 40894]]

Subpart C--Design Conditions

434.301  Design Criteria.

Subpart D--Building Design Requirements--Electric Systems and Equipment
434.401  Electrical power and lighting systems.
434.402  Building envelope assemblies and materials.
434.403  Building mechanical systems and equipment.
434.404  Building service systems and equipment.

Subpart E--Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative.

434.501  General.
434.502  Determination of the annual energy cost budget.
434.503  Prototype building procedure.
434.504  Use of the prototype building to determine the energy cost 
budget.
434.505  Reference building method.
434.506  Use of the reference building to determine the energy cost 
budget.
434.507  Calculation procedure and simulation tool.
434.508  Determination of the design energy consumption and design 
energy cost.
434.509  Compliance.
434.510  Standard calculation procedure.
434.511  Orientation and shape.
434.512  Internal loads.
434.513  Occupancy.
434.514  Lighting.
434.515  Receptacles.
434.516  Building exterior envelope.
434.517  HVAC systems and equipment.
434.518  Service water heating.
434.519  Controls.
434.520  Speculative buildings.
434.521  The simulation tool.

Subpart F--Building Energy Compliance Alternative

434.601  General.
434.602  Determination of the annual energy budget.
434.603  Determination of the design energy use.
434.604  Compliance.
434.605  Standard calculation procedure.
434.606  Simulation tool.
434.607  Life cycle cost analysis criteria.

Subpart G--Reference Standards

434.701  General.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6831-6832, 6834-6836; 42 U.S.C. 8253-54; 42 
U.S.C. 7101, et seq.


Sec. 434.99  Explanation of numbering system for codes.

    (a) For purposes of this part, a derivative of two different 
numbering systems will be used.
    (1) For the purpose of designating a section, the system employed 
in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) will be employed. The number 
``434'' which signifies Part 434 in Chapter II of Title 10, Code of 
Federal Regulations, is used as a prefix for all section headings. The 
suffix is a two or three digit section number. For example the lighting 
section of the standards is designated Sec. 434.401.
    (2) Within each section, a numbering system common to many national 
voluntary consensus standards is used. A decimal system is used to 
denote paragraphs and subparagraphs within a section. For example, in 
Sec. 434.401, ``401.2.1'' refers to subsection 401, paragraph 2, 
subparagraph 1.
    (b) The hybrid numbering system is used for two purposes:
    (1) The use of the Code of Federal Regulation's numbering system 
allows the researcher using the CFR easy access to the standards.
    (2) The use of the second system allows the builder, designer, 
architect or engineer easy access because they are familiar to this 
system numbering. This system was chosen because of its commonality 
among the building industry.

Subpart A--Administration and Enforcement--General


Sec. 434.100  Purpose.

    The provisions of this part provide minimum standards for energy 
efficiency for the design of new Federal commercial and multi-family 
high rise residential buildings. The performance standards are designed 
to achieve the maximum practicable improvements in energy efficiency 
and increases in the use of non-depletable sources of energy.


Sec. 434.101  Scope.

    101.1  This part provides design requirements for the building 
envelope, electrical distribution systems and equipment for electric 
power, lighting, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, service water 
heating and energy management. It applies to new Federal multi-family 
high rise residential buildings and new Federal commercial buildings. 
The following are not covered:
    101.1.1  Buildings, or portions thereof separated from the 
remainder of the building, that have a peak energy usage for space 
conditioning, service water heating, and lighting of less than 3.5 Btu/
(hft2) of gross floor area.
    101.1.2  Buildings of less than 100 square feet of gross floor 
area.
    101.1.3  Heating, cooling, ventilating, or service hot water 
requirements for those spaces where processes occur for purposes other 
than occupant comfort and sanitation, and which impose thermal loads in 
excess of 5% of the loads that would otherwise be required for occupant 
comfort and sanitation without the process;
    101.1.4  Envelope requirements for those spaces where heating or 
cooling requirements are excepted in subsection 101.1.3 of this 
section.
    101.1.5  Lighting for tasks not listed or encompassed by areas or 
activities listed in Table 514.1.1.
    101.1.6  Buildings that are composed entirely of spaces listed in 
subsections 101.1.1 and 101.1.3.
    101.2  A Federal agency may use this section to include any 
additions, renovations, repairs, replacements, and/or remodeling in the 
scope of the code and reference existing procedures in their building 
or administrative code to cover this application.


Sec. 434.102  Compliance.

    102.1  A covered building must be designed and constructed 
consistent with the provisions of this part.
    102.2  Buildings designed and constructed to meet the alternative 
requirements of subparts E or F shall be deemed to satisfy the 
requirements of this part. Such designs shall be certified by a 
registered architect or engineer stating that the estimated energy cost 
or energy use for the building as designed is no greater than the 
energy cost or energy use of a prototype building or reference building 
as determined pursuant to subparts E or F of this part.


Sec. 434.103  Referenced standards (RS).

    103.1  The standards, technical handbooks, papers and regulations 
listed in Sec. 434.701, shall be considered part of this part to the 
prescribed extent of such reference. Where differences occur between 
the provisions of this part and referenced standards, the provisions of 
this part shall apply. Whenever a reference is made in this part to an 
RS standard it refers to the standards listed in Sec. 434.701.


Sec. 434.105  Materials and equipment.

    105.1  Building materials and equipment shall be identified in 
designs in a manner that will allow for a determination of their 
compliance with the applicable provisions of this part.

Subpart B--Definitions


Sec. 434.201  Definitions.

    For the purposes of this part, the following terms, phrases, and 
words shall be defined as provided:
    Accessible (as applied to equipment): Admitting close approach; not 
guarded by locked doors, elevations, or other effective means. (See 
also ``readily accessible'')
    Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE): The ratio of annual 
output energy to annual input energy that includes any non-heating 
season pilot input loss.

[[Page 40895]]

    Area of the space (A): The horizontal lighted area of a given space 
measured from the inside of the perimeter walls or partitions, at the 
height of the working surface.
    Automatic: Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when 
actuated by some impersonal influence, such as a change in current 
strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration. (See also 
``manual'')
    Automatic flue damper device: An electrically operated device, in 
the flue outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of the draft hood of an 
individual automatically operated gas-fired appliance, which is 
designed to automatically open the flue outlet during appliance 
operation and to automatically close off the flue outlet when the 
appliance is in a standby condition.
    Automatic vent damper device: A device intended for installation in 
the venting system, in the outlet of or downstream of the appliance 
draft hood, of an individual automatically operated gas-fired 
appliance, which is designed to automatically open the venting system 
when the appliance is in operation and to automatically close off the 
venting system when the appliance is in a standby or shutdown 
condition.
    (1) Electrically operated: an automatic vent damper device that 
employs electrical energy to control the device.
    (2) Thermally actuated: an automatic vent damper device dependent 
for operation exclusively upon the direct conversion of the thermal 
energy of the vent gases into mechanical energy.
    Boiler capacity: The rated heat output of the boiler, in Btu/h, at 
the design inlet and outlet conditions and rated fuel ro energy input.
    Building Code: means a legal instrument which is in effect in a 
state or unit of general purpose local government, the provisions of 
which must be adhered to if a building is to be considered to be in 
conformance with law and suitable for occupancy and use.
    Building envelope: The elements of a building that enclose 
conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to 
or from the exterior or to or from unconditioned spaces.
    Check metering: Measurement instrumentation for the supplementary 
monitoring of energy consumption (electric, gas, oil, etc) to isolate 
the various categories of energy use to permit conservation and 
control, in addition to the revenue metering furnished by the utility.
    Coefficient of performance (COP)--Cooling: The ratio of the rate of 
heat removal to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a 
complete cooling system or factory assembled equipment, as tested under 
a nationally recognized standard or designated operating conditions.
    Coefficient of performance (COP), heat pump--Heating: The ratio of 
the rate of heat delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent 
units, for a complete heat pump system under designated operating 
conditions.
    Commercial building: A building other than a residential building, 
including any building developed for industrial or public purposes. 
Including but not limited to occupancies for assembly, business, 
education, institutions, food sales and service, merchants, and 
storage.
    Conditioned floor area: The area of the conditioned space measured 
at floor level from the interior surfaces of the walls.
    Conditioned space: A cooled space, heated space, or indirectly 
conditioned space.
    Cooled space: An enclosed space within a building that is cooled by 
a cooling system whose sensible capacity:
    (1) Exceeds 5 Btu/(hft \2\); or
    (2) Is capable of maintaining a space dry bulb temperature of 
90 deg.F or less at design cooling conditions.
    Daylight sensing control (DS): A device that automatically 
regulates the power input to electric lighting near the fenestration to 
maintain the desired workplace illumination, thus taking advantage of 
direct or indirect sunlight.
    Daylighted space: The space bounded by vertical planes rising from 
the boundaries of the daylighted area on the floor to the floor or roof 
above. Daylighted zone:
    (1) Under skylights: the area under each skylight whose horizontal 
dimension in each direction is equal to the skylight dimension in that 
direction plus either the floor-to- ceiling height or the dimension to 
an opaque partition, or one-half the distance to an adjacent skylight 
or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
    (2) At vertical glazing: the area adjacent to vertical glazing that 
receives daylighting from the glazing. For purposes of this definition 
and unless more detailed daylighting analysis is provided, the 
daylighting zone depth is assumed to extend into the space a distance 
of 15 ft or to the nearest opaque partition, whichever is less. The 
daylighting zone width is assumed to be the width of the window plus 
either 2 ft on each side, the distance to an opaque partition, or one 
half the distance to an adjacent skylight or vertical glazing, 
whichever is least.
    Dead band (dead zone): The range of values within which an input 
variable that can be varied without initiating any noticeable change in 
the output variable.
    Degree-day, cooling: A unit, based upon temperature difference and 
time, used in estimating cooling energy consumption. For any one day, 
when the mean temperature is more than a reference temperature, 
typically 65 deg.F, there are as many degree-days as degrees Fahrenheit 
temperature difference between the mean temperature for the day and the 
reference temperature. Annual cooling degree-days (CDD) are the sum of 
the degree-days over a calendar year.
    Degree-day, heating: A unit, based upon temperature difference and 
time, used in estimating heating energy consumption. For any one day, 
when the mean temperature is less than a reference temperature, 
typically 65 deg.F, there are as many degree-days as degrees Fahrenheit 
temperature difference between the mean temperature for the day and the 
reference temperature. Annual heating degree days (HDD) are the sum of 
the degree-days over a calendar year.
    Dwelling unit: A single housekeeping unit comprised of one or more 
rooms providing complete independent living facilities for one or more 
persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, 
cooking, and sanitation.
    Economizer, air: A ducting arrangement and automatic control system 
that allows a cooling supply fan system to supply outdoor (outside) air 
to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration during 
mild or cold weather.
    Economizer, water: A system by which the supply air of a cooling 
system is cooled directly or indirectly or both by evaporation of water 
or by other appropriate fluid in order to reduce or eliminate the need 
for mechanical refrigeration.
    Efficiency, HVAC system: The ratio of the useful energy output, at 
the point of use to the energy input in consistent units, for a 
designated time period, expressed in percent.
    Emergency system (back-up system): A system that exists for the 
purpose of operating in the event of failure of a primary system. 
Emergency use: Electrical and lighting systems required to supply power 
automatically for illumination and equipment in the event of a failure 
of the normal power supply.
    Energy efficiency ratio (EER): The ratio of net equipment cooling 
capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in

[[Page 40896]]

watts under designated operating conditions. When consistent units are 
used, this ratio becomes equal to COP. (See also ``coefficient of 
performance''.)
    Fan system energy demand: The sum of the demand of all fans that 
are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the 
heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it 
back to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
    Federal Agency: Means any department, agency, corporation, or other 
entity or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal 
government, including the United States Postal Service, the Federal 
National Mortgage Association, and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage 
Corporation.
    Federal Building: Means any building to be constructed by, or for 
the use of, any Federal Agency which is not legally subject to State or 
local building codes or similar requirements.
    Fenestration: Any light-transmitting section in a building wall or 
roof. The fenestration includes glazing material (which may be glass or 
plastic), framing (mullions, muntins, and dividers), external shading 
devices, internal shading devices, and integral (between glass) shading 
devices.
    Fenestration area: The total area of fenestration measured using 
the rough opening and including the glass or plastic, sash, and frame.
    Flue damper: A device, in the flue outlet or in the inlet of or 
upstream of the draft hood of an individual automatically operated gas-
fired appliance, which is designed to automatically open the flue 
outlet during appliance operation and to automatically close off the 
flue outlet when the appliance is in a standby condition.
    Gross floor area: The sum of the floor areas of the conditioned 
spaces within the building, including basements, mezzanine and 
intermediate-floor tiers, and penthouses of headroom height 7.5 ft or 
greater. It is measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or 
from the centerline of walls separating buildings (excluding covered 
walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces, pipe 
trenches, exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs, and 
similar features).
    Gross lighted area (GLA): The sum of the total lighted areas of a 
building measured from the inside of the perimeter walls for each floor 
of the building.
    Heat capacity (HC): The amount of heat necessary to raise the 
temperature of a given mass 1 deg.F. Numerically, the mass expressed 
per unit of wall surface multiplied by the specific heat Btu/
(ft2\ deg.F).
    Heat trap: Device or piping arrangement that effectively restricts 
the natural tendency of hot water to rise in vertical pipes during 
standby periods. Examples are the U-shaped arrangement of elbows or a 
360-degree loop of tubing.
    Heated space: An enclosed space within a building that is heated by 
a heating system whose output capacity
    (1) Exceeds 10 Btu/(h\ft2), or
    (2) Is capable of maintaining a space dry-bulb temperature of 
50 deg.F or more at design heating conditions.
    Heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF): The total heating 
output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for 
heating, in Btu, divided by the total electric energy input during the 
same period, in watt-hours.
    High rise residential building: Hotels, motels, apartments, 
condominiums, dormitories, barracks, and other residential-type 
facilities that provide complete housekeeping or transient living 
quarters and are over three stories in height above grade.
    Humidistat: An automatic control device responsive to changes in 
humidity.
    HVAC system: The equipment, distribution network, and terminals 
that provide either collectively or individually the processes of 
heating, ventilating, or air conditioning to a building.
    Indirectly conditioned space: An enclosed space within the building 
that is not a heated or cooled space, whose area-weighted heat transfer 
coefficient to heated or cooled spaces exceeds that to the outdoors or 
to unconditioned spaces; or through which air from heated or cooled 
spaces is transferred at a rate exceeding three air changes per hour. 
(See also ``heated space'', ``cooled space'', and ``unconditioned 
space''.)
    Infiltration: The uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks 
and crevices in any building element and around windows and doors of a 
building.
    Integrated part-load value (IPLV): A single-number figure of merit 
based on part-load EER or COP expressing part-load efficiency for air-
conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation 
at various load capacities for the equipment.
    Lumen maintenance control: A device that senses the illumination 
level and causes an increase or decrease of illuminance to maintain a 
preset illumination level.
    Manual: Action requiring personal intervention for its control. As 
applied to an electric controller, manual control does not necessarily 
imply a manual controller but only that personal intervention is 
necessary. (See automatic.)
    Marked rating: The design load operating conditions of a device as 
shown by the manufacturer on the nameplate or otherwise marked on the 
device.
    Multi-family high rise residential: A residential building 
containing three or more dwelling units and is designed to be 3 or more 
stories above grade.
    Occupancy sensor: A device that detects the presence or absence of 
people within an area and causes any combination of lighting, 
equipment, or appliances to be adjusted accordingly.
    Opaque areas: All exposed areas of a building envelope that enclose 
conditioned space except fenestration areas and building service 
openings such as vents and grilles.
    Orientation: The directional placement of a building on a building 
site with reference to the building's longest horizontal axis or, if 
there is no longest horizontal axis, then with reference to the 
designated main entrance.
    Outdoor air: Air taken from the exterior of the building that has 
not been previously circulated through the building. (See ``ventilation 
air'')
    Ozone depletion factor: A relative measure of the potency of 
chemicals in depleting stratospheric ozone. The ozone depletion factor 
potential depends upon the chlorine and the bromine content and 
atmospheric lifetime of the chemical. The depletion factor potential is 
normalized such that the factor for CFC-11 is set equal to unity and 
the factors for the other chemicals indicate their potential relative 
to CFC-11.
    Packaged terminal air conditioner (PTAC): A factory-selected wall 
sleeve and separate unencased combination of heating and cooling 
components, assemblies, or sections (intended for mounting through the 
wall to serve a single room or zone). It includes heating capability by 
hot water, steam, or electricity.
    Packaged terminal heat pump: A PTAC capable of using the 
refrigeration system in a reverse cycle or heat pump mode to provide 
heat.
    Plenum: An enclosure that is part of the air-handling system and is 
distinguished by having a very low air velocity. A plenum often is 
formed in part or in total by portions of the building.
    Private driveways, walkways, and parking lots: Exterior transit 
areas that are associated with a commercial or residential building and 
intended for use solely by the employees or tenants and not by the 
general public.

[[Page 40897]]

    Process energy: Energy consumed in support of a manufacturing, 
industrial, or commercial process other than the maintenance of comfort 
and amenities for the occupants of a building.
    Process load: The calculated or measured time-integrated load on a 
building resulting from the consumption or release of process energy.
    Programmable: Capable of being preset to certain conditions and 
having self-initiation to change to those conditions.
    Projection factor: The exterior horizontal shading projection depth 
divided by the sum of the height of the fenestration and the distance 
from the top of the fenestration to the bottom of the external shading 
projection in units consistent with the projection depth.
    Prototype building: A generic building design of the same size and 
occupancy type as the proposed design that complies with the 
prescriptive requirements of Subpart D and has prescribed assumptions 
used to generate the energy budget concerning shape, orientation, and 
HVAC and other system designs.
    Public driveways, walkways, and parking lots: Exterior transit 
areas that are intended for use by the general public.
    Public facility restroom: A restroom used by the transient public.
    Readily accessible: Capable of being reached quickly for operation, 
renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is 
requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable 
ladders, chairs, etc. (See also accessible.)
    Recooling: Lowering the temperature of air that has been previously 
heated by a heating system.
    Reference building: A specific building design that has the same 
form, orientation, and basic systems as the prospective design that is 
to be evaluated for compliance and meets all the criteria listed in 
subsection 501.2 or subsection 601.2.
    Reheating: Raising the temperature of air that has been previously 
cooled either by refrigeration or an economizer system.
    Reset: Adjustment of the controller setpoint to a higher or lower 
value automatically or manually.
    Roof: Those portions of the building envelope, including all opaque 
surfaces, fenestration, doors, and hatches, that are above conditioned 
space and are horizontal or tilted at less than 60 deg. from 
horizontal. (See also ``walls'')
    Room air conditioner: An encased assembly designed as a unit to be 
mounted in a window or through a wall or as a console. It is designed 
primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed 
space, room, or zone. It includes a prime source of refrigeration for 
cooling and dehumidification and means for circulating and cleaning air 
and may also include means for ventilating and heating.
    Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER): The total cooling output 
of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for 
cooling, in Btu, divided by the total electric energy input during the 
same period, in watt-hours.
    Service systems: All energy-using or energy-distributing components 
in a building that are operated to support the occupant or process 
functions housed therein (including HVAC, service water heating, 
illumination, transportation, cooking or food preparation, laundering, 
or similar functions).
    Service water heating: The supply of hot water for purposes other 
than comfort heating and process requirements.
    Shading coefficient (SC): The ratio of solar heat gain through 
fenestration, with or without integral shading devices, to that 
occurring through unshaded \1/8\-in-thick clear double-strength glass.
    Shell Building: A building for which the envelope is designed, 
constructed, or both prior to knowing the occupancy type. (See also 
``speculative building'')
    Single-Line Diagram: A simplified schematic drawing that shows the 
connection between two or more items. Common multiple connections are 
shown as one line.
    Skylight: Glazing that is horizontal or tilted less than 60 deg. 
from horizontal.
    Solar energy source: Natural daylighting or thermal, chemical, or 
electrical energy derived from direct conversion of incident solar 
radiation at the building site.
    Speculative building: A building for which the envelope is 
designed, constructed, or both prior to the design of the lighting, 
HVAC systems, or both. A speculative building differs from a shell 
building in that the intended occupancy is known for the speculative 
building. (See also ``shell building'')
    System: A combination of equipment and/or controls, accessories, 
interconnecting means, and terminal elements by which energy is 
transformed so as to perform a specific function, such as HVAC, service 
water heating, or illumination.
    Tandem wiring: Pairs of luminaries operating with lamps in each 
luminaire powered from a single ballast contained in one of the 
luminaires.
    Task lighting: Lighting that provides illumination for specific 
functions and is directed to a specific surface or area.
    Task location: An area of the space where significant visual 
functions are performed and where lighting is required above and beyond 
that required for general ambient use.
    Terminal element: A device by which the transformed energy from a 
system is finally delivered. Examples include registers, diffusers, 
lighting fixtures, and faucets.
    Terminal conductance (C): The constant time rate of heat flow 
through the unit area of a body induced by a unit temperature 
difference between the surfaces, expressed in Btu/
(hft\2\ deg.F). It is the reciprocal of thermal 
resistance. (See ``thermal resistance'')
    Thermal mass: Materials with mass heat capacity and surface area 
capable of affecting building loads by storing and releasing heat as 
the interior or exterior temperature and radiant conditions fluctuate. 
(See also ``heat capacity'' and ``wall heat capacity'')
    Thermal mass wall insulation position:
    (1) Exterior insulation position: a wall having all or nearly all 
of its mass exposed to the room air with the insulation on the exterior 
of that mass.
    (2) Integral insulation position: a wall having mass exposed to 
both room and outside (outside) air with substantially equal amounts of 
mass on the inside and outside of the insulation layer.
    (3) Interior insulation position: a wall not meeting either of the 
above definitions, particularly a wall having most of its mass external 
to an insulation layer.
    Thermal resistance (R): The reciprocal of thermal conductance 1/C, 
1/H, 1/U; expressed in (hft 2 deg.F)/Btu.
    Thermal transmittance (U): The overall coefficient of heat transfer 
from air to air. It is the time rate of heat flow per unit area under 
steady conditions from the fluid on the warm side of the barrier to the 
fluid on the cold side, per unit temperature difference between the two 
fluids, expressed in Btu/(hft 2 deg.F).
    Thermal transmittance, overall (Uo): The gross overall (area 
weighted average) coefficient of heat transfer from air to air for a 
gross area of the building envelope, Btu/(hft 
2 deg.F). The Uo value applies to the combined effect 
of the time rate of heat flows through the various parallel paths, such 
as windows, doors, and opaque construction areas, composing the gross 
area of one or more building envelope components, such as walls, 
floors, and roof or ceiling.
    Thermostat: An automatic control device responsive to temperature.

[[Page 40898]]

    Unconditioned space: Space within a building that is not a 
conditioned space. (See ``conditioned space'')
    Unitary cooling equipment: One or more factory-made assemblies that 
normally include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor, and a 
condenser combination (and may also include a heating function).
    Unitary heat pump: One or more factory-made assemblies that 
normally include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s), and 
outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heater exchanger, including means 
to provide both heating and cooling functions.
    Variable-air-volume (VAV) HVAC system: HVAC systems that control 
the dry-bulb temperature within a space by varying the volume of heated 
or cooled supply air to the space.
    Vent damper: A device intended for installation in the venting 
system, in the outlet of or downstream of the appliance draft hood, of 
an individual automatically operating gas-fired appliance, which is 
designed to automatically open the venting system when the appliance is 
in operation and to automatically close off the venting system when the 
appliance is in a standby or shutdown condition.
    Ventilation: The process of supplying or removing air by natural or 
mechanical means to or from any space. Such air may or may not have 
been conditioned.
    Ventilation air: That portion of supply air which comes from the 
outside, plus any recirculated air, to maintain the desired quality of 
air within a designated space. (See also ``outdoor air'')
    Visible light transmittance (VLT): The fraction of solar radiation 
in the visible light spectrum that passes through the fenestration 
(window, clerestory, or skylight).
    Walls: Those portions of the building envelope enclosing 
conditioned space, including all opaque surfaces, fenestration, and 
doors, which are vertical or tilted at an angle of 60 deg. from 
horizontal or greater. (See also ``roof'')
    Wall heat capacity: The sum of the products of the mass of each 
individual material in the wall per unit area of wall surface times its 
individual specific heat, expressed in Btu/(ft2\ deg.F). (See'' 
thermal mass'')
    Window to wall ratio (WWR): The ratio of the wall fenestration area 
to the gross exterior wall area.
    Zone: A space or group of spaces within a building with any 
combination of heating, cooling, or lighting requirements sufficiently 
similar so that desired conditions can be maintained throughout by a 
single controlling device.

Subpart C--Design Conditions


Sec. 434.301  Design criteria.

    301.1 The following design parameters shall be used for 
calculations required under subpart D of this part.
    301.1.1 Exterior Design Conditions. Exterior Design Conditions 
shall be expressed in accordance with Table 301.1.

                                    Table 301.1.--Exterior Design Conditions                                    
Winter Design Dry-Bulb (99%)............................  ...........  Degrees F.                               
Summer Design Dry-Bulb (2.5%)...........................  ...........  Degrees F.                               
Mean Coincident Wet-Bulb (2.5%).........................  ...........  Degrees F.                               
Degree-Days, Heating (Base 65)..........................  ...........  HDD Base 65  deg.F.                      
Degree-Days, Cooling (Base 65)..........................  ...........  CDD Base 65  deg.F.                      
Annual Operating Hours, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. when 55 deg.     ...........  Hours.                                   
 fT69 deg.F.                                                                              
[The exterior design conditions shall be added to Table 301.1 from the city-specific Shading Coefficient table  
 from the Example Alternate Component Package Table. Copies of specific tables contained in Appendix A can be   
 obtained from the Energy Code for Federal Commercial Buildings, Docket No. EE-RM-79-112-C, Buildings Division, 
 EE-432, Office of Codes and Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J-018, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., 
 Washington, D.C. 20585, (202) 586-0517. Adjustments may be made to reflect local climates which differ from the
 tabulated temperatures or local weather experience as determined by the building official. Where local building
 site climatic data are not available, climate data from a nearby location included in RS-1, Appendix C, and RS-
 4 Chapter 24, Table 1, shall be used as determined by the building official.]                                  

    301.2  Indoor Design Conditions. Indoor design temperature and 
humidity conditions shall be in accordance with the comfort criteria in 
RS-2, except that humidification and dehumidification are not required.

Subpart D--Building Design Requirements--Electric Systems and 
Equipment


Sec. 434.401  Electrical power and lighting systems.

    Electrical power and lighting systems, other than those systems or 
portions thereof required for emergency use only, shall meet these 
requirements.
    401.1  Electrical Distribution Systems.
    401.1.1  Check Metering. Single-tenant buildings with a service 
over 250 kVA and tenant spaces with a connected load over 100 kVA in 
multiple-tenant buildings shall have provisions for check metering of 
electrical consumption. The electrical power feeders for which 
provision for check metering is required shall be subdivided as 
follows:
    401.1.1.1  Lighting and receptacle outlets
    401.1.1.2  HVAC systems and equipment
    401.1.1.3  Service water heating (SWH), elevators, and special 
occupant equipment or systems of more than 20 kW.
    401.1.1.4  Exception to 401.1.1.1 through 401.1.1.3: 10 percent or 
less of the loads on a feeder may be from another usage or category.
    401.1.2 Tenant-shared HVAC and service hot water systems in 
multiple tenant buildings shall have provision to be separately check 
metered.
    401.1.3  Subdivided feeders shall contain provisions for portable 
or permanent check metering. The minimum acceptable arrangement for 
compliance shall provide a safe method for access by qualified persons 
to the enclosures through which feeder conductors pass and provide 
sufficient space to attach clamp-on or split core current transformers. 
These enclosures may be separate compartments or combined spaces with 
electrical cabinets serving another function. Dedicated enclosures so 
furnished shall be identified as to measuring function available.
    401.1.4  Electrical Schematic. The person responsible for 
installing the electrical distribution system shall provide the Federal 
building manager a single-line diagram of the record drawing for the 
electrical distribution system, which includes the location of check 
metering access, schematic diagrams of non-HVAC electrical control 
systems, and electrical equipment manufacturer's operating and 
maintenance literature.

[[Page 40899]]

    401.2  Electric Motors. All permanently wired polyphase motors of 1 
hp or more shall meet these requirements:
    401.2.1  Efficiency. National Electrical Manufacturers Association 
(NEMA) design A & B squirrel-cage, foot-mounted, T-frame induction 
motors having synchronous speeds of 3600, 1800, 1200, and 900 rpm, 
expected to operate more than 1000 hours per year shall have a nominal 
full-load efficiency no less than that shown in Table 401.2.1 or shall 
be classified as an ``energy efficient motor'' in accordance with RS-3. 
The following are not covered:
    (a) Multispeed motors used in systems designed to use more than one 
speed.
    (b) Motors used as a component of the equipment meeting the minimum 
equipment efficiency requirements of subsection 403, provided that the 
motor input is included when determining the equipment efficiency.

 Table 401.2.1.--Minimum Acceptable Nominal Full-Load Efficiency for Single-Speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Having Synchronous Speeds of 
                                                            3600, 1800, 1200 and 900 rpm \1\                                                            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           2-Pole                    4-Pole                    6-Pole                    8-Pole         
                                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       HP                           Nominal      Minimum      Nominal      Minimum      Nominal      Minimum      Nominal      Minimum  
                                                   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency   efficiency
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Full-Load Efficiencies--Open Motors                                                          
                                                                                                                                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1.0...........................................  ...........  ...........         82.5         81.5         80.0         78.5         74.0         72.0
  1.5...........................................         82.5         81.5         84.0         82.5         84.0         82.5         75.5         74.0
  2.0...........................................         84.0         82.5         84.0         82.5         85.5         84.0         85.5         84.0
  3.0...........................................         84.0         82.5         86.5         85.5         86.5         85.5         86.5         85.5
  5.0...........................................         85.5         84.0         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.0
  7.5...........................................         87.5         86.5         88.5         87.5         88.5         87.5         88.5         87.5
 10.0...........................................         88.5         87.5         89.5         88.5         90.2         89.5         89.5         88.5
 15.0...........................................         89.5         88.5         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5         89.5         88.5
 20.0...........................................         90.2         89.5         91.0         90.2         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5
 25.0...........................................         91.0         90.2         91.7         91.0         91.7         91.0         90.2         89.5
 30.0...........................................         91.0         90.2         92.4         91.7         92.4         91.7         91.7         90.2
 40.0...........................................         91.7         91.0         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.0         90.2
 50.0...........................................         92.4         91.7         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.7         91.0
 60.0...........................................         93.0         92.4         93.6         93.0         93.6         93.0         92.4         91.7
 75.0...........................................         93.0         92.4         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0         93.6         93.0
100.0...........................................         93.0         92.4         94.1         93.6         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0
125.0...........................................         93.6         93.0         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0
150.0...........................................         93.6         93.0         95.0         94.5         94.5         94.1         93.6         93.0
200.0...........................................         94.5         94.1         95.0         94.5         94.5         94.1         93.6         93.0
                                                                                                                                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Full-Load Efficiencies--Enclosed Motors                                                        
                                                                                                                                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1.0...........................................         75.5         74.5         82.5         81.5         80.0         78.5         74.0         72.0
  1.5...........................................         82.5         81.5         84.0         82.5         85.5         84.0         77.0         75.5
  2.0...........................................         84.0         82.5         84.5         82.5         86.5         85.5         82.5         81.5
  3.0...........................................         85.5         84.0         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         84.0         82.5
  5.0...........................................         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         87.5         86.5         85.5         84.0
  7.5...........................................         88.5         87.5         89.5         88.5         89.5         88.5         85.5         84.0
 10.0...........................................         89.5         88.5         89.5         88.5         89.5         88.5         88.5         87.5
 15.0...........................................         90.2         89.5         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5         88.5         87.5
 20.0...........................................         90.2         89.5         91.0         90.2         90.2         89.5         89.5         88.5
 25.0...........................................         91.0         90.2         92.4         91.7         91.7         91.0         89.5         88.5
 30.0...........................................         91.0         90.2         92.4         91.7         91.7         91.0         91.0         90.2
 40.0...........................................         91.7         91.0         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.0         90.2
 50.0...........................................         92.4         91.7         93.0         92.4         93.0         92.4         91.7         91.0
 60.0...........................................         93.0         92.4         93.6         93.0         93.6         93.0         91.7         91.0
 75.0...........................................         93.0         92.4         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0         93.0         92.4
100.0...........................................         93.6         93.0         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.6         93.0         92.4
125.0...........................................         94.5         94.1         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.6         93.6         93.0
150.0...........................................         94.5         94.1         95.0         94.5         94.5         94.1         94.1         93.0
200.0...........................................         95.0         94.5         95.0         94.5         95.0         94.5         94.1        93.6 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For many applications, efficiencies greater than those listed are likely to be cost-effective. Guidance for evaluating the cost effectiveness of    
  energy efficient motor applications is given in RS-43 and RS-44.                                                                                      

    401.3  Lighting Power Allowance. The lighting system shall meet the 
provisions of subsections 401.3.1 through 401.3.5. As an alternative to 
subsections 401.3.1 and 401.3.2, the Lighting Compliance Calculation 
Computer Program (LTGSTD21) found in ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 for 
the building or facility may be used to determine the lighting power 
for the building or facility.
    401.3.1  Building Exteriors. The total connected exterior lighting 
power for the building, or a facility containing multiple buildings, 
shall not exceed the total exterior lighting power allowance, which is 
the sum of the individual allowances determined from Table 401.3.1. The 
individual allowances are determined by multiplying the specific area 
or length of each area description times the allowance for that area. 
Exceptions are as follows: Lighting for outdoor manufacturing or 
processing facilities, commercial greenhouses, outdoor athletic 
facilities, public monuments, designated high-risk security areas, 
signs, retail storefronts, exterior enclosed display windows, and 
lighting specifically required by local ordinances and regulations.

[[Page 40900]]



                                Table 401.3.1--Exterior Lighting Power Allowance                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Area Description                                            Allowance                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exit (with or without canopy)..........................  25 W/lin ft of door opening.                           
Entrance (without canopy)..............................  30 W/lin ft of door opening.                           
Entrance (with canopy):                                                                                         
    High Traffic (retail, hotel, airport, theater,       10 W/ft \2\ of canopied area.                          
     etc.).                                                                                                     
    Light Traffic (hospital, office, school, etc.).....  4 W/ft \2\ of canopied area.                           
Loading area...........................................  0.40 W/ft \2\.                                         
Loading door...........................................  20 W/lin ft \2\ of door opening.                       
Building exterior surfaces/facades.....................  0.25 W/ft \2\ of surface area to be illuminated.       
Storage and non-manufacturing work areas...............  0.20 W/ft \2\.                                         
Other activity areas for casual use such as picnic       0.10 W/ft \2\.                                         
 grounds, gardens, parks, and other landscaped areas.                                                           
Private driveways/walkways.............................  0.10 W/ft \2\.                                         
Public driveways/walkways..............................  0.15 W/ft \2\                                          
Private parking lots...................................  0.12 W/ft \2\.                                         
Public parking lots....................................  0.18 W/ft \2\                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    401.3.1.1  Trade-offs of exterior lighting budgets among exterior 
areas shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting power of 
the exterior area does not exceed the exterior lighting power 
allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and 
exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.
    401.3.2  Building interiors. The total connected interior lighting 
power for a building, including adjustments in accordance with 
subsection 401.3.3, shall not exceed the total interior lighting power 
allowance explained in this paragraph. Using Table 401.3.2a, multiply 
the interior lighting power allowance value by the gross lighted area 
of the most appropriate building or space activity. For multi-use 
buildings, using Table 401.3.2a, select the interior power allowance 
value for each activity using the column for the gross lighted area of 
the whole building and multiply it by the associated gross area for 
that activity. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of all 
the wattages for each area/activity. Using Table 401.3.2b, c, or d, 
multiply the interior lighting power allowance values of each 
individual area/activity by the area of the space and by the area 
factor from Figure 401.3.2e, based on the most appropriate area/
activity provided. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of 
the wattages for each individual space. Use the Lighting Compliance 
Calculation Computer Program (LTGSTD21) of RS-1. When over 20% of the 
building's tasks or interior areas are undefined, the most appropriate 
value for that building from Table 401.3.2a shall be used for the 
undefined spaces. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Lighting power that is an essential technical element for the 
function performed in theatrical, stage, broadcasting, and similar 
uses.
    (b) Specialized medical, dental, and research lighting.
    (c) Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums, and 
monuments.
    (d) Lighting solely for indoor plant growth (between the hours of 
10:00pm and 6:00am).
    (e) Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal 
building operation.
    (f) High-risk security areas.
    (g) Spaces specifically designed for the primary use by the 
physically impaired or aged.
    (h) Lighting in dwelling units.
    401.3.2.1  Trade-offs of the interior lighting power budgets among 
interior spaces shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting 
power within the building does not exceed the interior lighting power 
allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and 
exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.
    401.3.2.2  Building/Space Activities. Definitions of buildings/
space activity as they apply to Table 401.3.2a are as follows. These 
definitions are necessary to characterize the activities for which 
lighting is provided. They are applicable only to Table 401.3.2a. They 
are not intended to be used elsewhere in place of building use group 
definitions provided in the Building Code. They are not included in 
Sec. 434.200, ``Definitions,'' to avoid confusion with ``Occupancy Type 
Categories.''
    Food service, fast food, and cafeteria: This group includes 
cafeterias, hamburger and sandwich stores, bakeries, ice cream parlors, 
cookie stores, and all other kinds of retail food service 
establishments in which customers are generally served at a counter and 
their direct selections are paid for and taken to a table or carried 
out.
    Garages: This category includes all types of parking garages, 
except for service or repair areas.
    Leisure dining and bar: This group includes cafes, diners, bars, 
lounges, and similar establishments where orders are placed with a wait 
person.
    Mall concourse, multi-store service: This group includes the 
interior of multifunctional public spaces, such as shopping center 
malls, airports, resort concourses and malls, entertainment facilities, 
and related types of buildings or spaces.
    Offices: This group includes all kinds of offices, including 
corporate and professional offices, office/laboratories, governmental 
offices, libraries, and similar facilities, where paperwork occurs.
    Retail: A retail store, including departments for the sale of 
accessories, clothing, dry goods, electronics, and toys, and other 
types of establishments that display objects for direct selection and 
purchase by consumers. Direct selection means literally removing an 
item from display and carrying it to the checkout or pick-up at a 
customer service facility.
    Schools: This category, subdivided by pre-school/elementary, junior 
high/high school, and technical/vocational, includes public and private 
educational institutions, for children or adults, and may also include 
community centers, college and university buildings, and business 
educational centers.
    Service establishment: A retail-like facility, such as watch 
repair, real estate offices, auto and tire service facilities, parts 
departments, travel agencies and similar facilities, in which the 
customer obtains services rather than the direct selection of goods.
    Warehouse and storage: This includes all types of support 
facilities, such as warehouses, barns, storage buildings,

[[Page 40901]]

shipping/receiving buildings, boiler or mechanical buildings, electric 
power buildings, and similar buildings where the primary visual task is 
large items.

              401.3.2.--Tables and Figures, Table 401.3.2a, Interior Lighting Power Allowance W/ft2             
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Gross lighted area of total building                    
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Building Space Activity1, 2     0 to  2,000    2,001 to    10,001 to    25,001 to    50,001 to     >250,000 
                                        ft2       10,000 ft2   25,000 ft2   50,000 ft2  250,000 ft2      ft2    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Food Service:                                                                                                   
    Fast Food/Cafeteria...........         1.50         1.38         1.34         1.32         1.31         1.30
    Leisure Dining/Bar............         2.20         1.91         1.71         1.56         1.46         1.40
Offices...........................         1.90         1.81         1.72         1.65         1.57         1.50
Retail \3\........................         3.30         3.08         2.83         2.50         2.28         2.10
Mall Concourse Multi-store Service         1.60         1.58         1.52         1.46         1.43         1.40
Service Establishment.............         2.70         2.37         2.08         1.92         1.80         1.70
Garages...........................         0.30         0.28         0.24         0.22         0.21         0.20
Schools:                                                                                                        
    Preschool/Elementary..........         1.80         1.80         1.72         1.65         1.57         1.50
    Jr. High/High School..........         1.90         1.90         1.88         1.83         1.76         1.70
    Technical/Vocational..........         2.40         2.33         2.17         2.01         1.84         1.70
Warehouse/Storage.................         0.80         0.66         0.56         0.48         0.43         0.40
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 If at least 10% of the building area is intended for multiple space activities, such as parking, retail, and  
  storage in an office building, then calculate for each separate building type/space activity.                 
2 The values in the categories are building wide allowances which include the listed activity and directly      
  related facilities such as conference rooms, lobbies, corridors, restrooms, etc.                              
3 Includes general, merchandising, and display lighting.                                                        


         Table 401.3.2b.--Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Common area/activity                     UPD W/ft \2\ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Auditorium \2\..........................................             1.4
Corridor \3\............................................             0.8
Classroom/Lecture Hall..................................             2.0
Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Room:                                   
    General \3\.........................................             0.7
    Control Rooms \3\...................................             1.5
Food Service:                                                           
    Fast Food/Cafeteria.................................             1.3
    Leisure Dining \4\..................................             1.4
    Bar/Lounge \4\......................................             2.5
    Kitchen.............................................             1.4
Recreation/Lounge.......................................             0.7
Stair:                                                                  
    Active Traffic......................................             0.6
    Emergency Exit......................................             0.4
Toilet and Washroom.....................................             0.8
Garage:                                                                 
    Auto & Pedestrian Circulation Area..................             0.3
    Parking Area........................................             0.2
Laboratory..............................................             2.2
Library:                                                                
    Audio Visual........................................             1.1
    Stack Area..........................................             1.1
    Card File & Cataloging..............................             0.8
    Reading Area........................................             1.1
Lobby (General):                                                        
    Reception & Waiting.................................             1.0
    Elevator Lobbies....................................             0.4
Atrium (Multi-Story):                                                   
    First 3 Floors......................................             0.7
    Each Additional Floor...............................             0.2
Locker Room and Shower..................................             0.8
                                                                        
                    Office Category 1                                   
                                                                        
Enclosed offices, all open plan offices w/o partitions                  
 or w/partitions \6\ lower than 4.5 ft below the                        
 ceiling:\5\                                                            
    Reading, Typing and Filing..........................             1.5
    Drafting............................................             1.9
    Accounting..........................................             1.6
                                                                        
                    Office Category 2                                   
                                                                        
Open plan offices 900 ft2 or larger w/partitions \6\ 3.5                
 to 4.5 ft below the ceiling. Offices less than 900 ft                  
 \2\ shall use category 1:\3\                                           
    Reading, Typing and Filing..........................             1.5
    Drafting............................................             2.0
    Accounting..........................................             1.8
                                                                        

[[Page 40902]]

                                                                        
                    Office Category 3                                   
                                                                        
Open plan offices 900 ft \2\ or larger w/partitions*                    
 higher than 3.5 ft below the ceiling. Offices less than                
 900 ft \2\ shall use category 1:\3\                                    
    Reading, Typing and Filing..........................             1.7
    Drafting............................................             2.3
    Accounting..........................................             1.9
Common Activity Areas:                                                  
    Conference/Meeting Room \2\.........................             1.3
Computer/Office Equipment...............................             1.1
Filing, Inactive........................................             1.0
Mail Room...............................................             1.8
Shop (Non-Industrial):                                                  
    Machinery...........................................             2.5
    Electrical/Electronic...............................             2.5
    Painting............................................             1.6
    Carpentry...........................................             2.3
    Welding.............................................             1.2
Storage & Warehouse:                                                    
    Inactive Storage....................................             0.2
    Active Storage, Bulky...............................             0.3
    Active Storage, Fine................................             0.9
    Material Handling...................................             1.0
Unlisted Space..........................................             0.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous      
  activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.                
\2\ A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function      
  spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is     
  installed that has installed power 33% of the adjusted     
  lighting power for that space.                                        
\3\ Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaced.                  
\4\ UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purposes.         
\5\ Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.                                  



         Table 401.3.2c.--Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Specific building area/activity \1\             UPD W/ft \2\ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Airport, Bus and Rail Station:                                          
    Baggage Area........................................             0.8
    Concourse/Main Thruway..............................             0.9
    Ticket Counter......................................             2.0
    Waiting & Lounge Area...............................             0.8
Bank:                                                                   
    Customer Area.......................................             1.0
    Banking Activity Area...............................             2.2
Barber & Beauty Parlor..................................             1.6
Church, Synagogue, Chapel:                                              
    Worship/Congregational..............................             1.7
    Preaching & Sermon/Choir............................             1.8
Dormitory:                                                              
    Bedroom.............................................             1.0
    Bedroom w/Study.....................................             1.3
    Study Hall..........................................             1.2
Fire & Police Department:                                               
    Fire Engine Room....................................             0.7
    Jail Cell...........................................             0.8
Hospital/Nursing Home:                                                  
    Corridor \5\........................................             1.3
    Dental Suite/Examination/Treatment..................             1.6
    Emergency...........................................             2.0
    Laboratory..........................................             1.7
    Lounge/Waiting Room.................................             0.9
    Medical Supplies....................................             2.4
    Nursery.............................................             1.6
    Nurse Station.......................................             1.8
    Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy...............             1.4
    Patient Room........................................             1.2
    Pharmacy............................................             1.5
    Radiology...........................................             1.8
    Surgical & OB Suites................................             1.8
    General Area........................................             6.0
    Operating Room......................................             2.0
    Recovery............................................             2.0
Hotel/Conference Center:                                                
    Banquet Room/Multipurpose \2\.......................             1.7

[[Page 40903]]

                                                                        
    Bathroom/Powder Room................................             1.2
    Guest Room..........................................             0.9
    Public Area.........................................             1.0
    Exhibition Hall.....................................             1.8
    Conference/Meeting \3\..............................             1.5
    Lobby...............................................             1.5
    Reception Desk......................................             2.4
Laundry:                                                                
    Washing.............................................             0.9
    Ironing & Sorting...................................             1.3
Museum & Gallery:                                                       
    General Exhibition..................................             1.9
    Inspection/Restoration..............................             3.0
Storage (Artifacts):                                                    
    Inactive............................................             0.6
    Active..............................................             0.7
Post Office:                                                            
    Lobby...............................................             1.1
    Sorting and Mailing.................................             2.1
Service Station/Auto Repair.............................             0.8
Theater:                                                                
    Performance Arts....................................             1.3
    Motion Picture......................................             1.0
    Lobby...............................................             1.3
                                                                        
  Retail Establishments--Merchandising and Circulation                  
 Area (Applicable to all lighting, including accent and                 
    display lighting, installed in merchandising and                    
                   circulation areas)                                   
                                                                        
Type 1: Jewelry merchandising, where minute examination                 
 of displayed merchandise is critical...................             5.6
Type 2: Fine merchandising, such as fine apparel and                    
 accessories, china, crystal, and silver art galleries                  
 and where the detailed display and examination of                      
 merchandising is important.............................             2.9
Type 3: Mass merchandising, such as general apparel,                    
 variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby                
 materials, cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a                 
 warehouse type of building, where focused display and                  
 detailed examination of merchandise is important.......             2.7
Type 4: General merchandising, such as general apparel,                 
 variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby                
 materials, cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a                 
 department store type of building, where general                       
 display and examination of merchandise is adequate.....             2.3
Type 5: Food and miscellaneous such as bakeries,                        
 hardware and housewares, grocery stores, appliance and                 
 furniture stores, where pleasant appearance is                         
 important..............................................                
Type 6: Service establishments, where functional                        
 performance is important...............................             2.4
Mall Concourse                                                          
Retail Support Areas                                                    
    Tailoring                                                           
    Dressing/Fitting Rooms                                              
                                                                     2.6
                                                                     1.4
                                                                     2.1
                                                                    1.1 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous      
  activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.                
\2\ A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function      
  spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is     
  installed that has installed power 33% of the adjusted lighting power 
  for that space.                                                       
\3\ Area factor or 1.0 shall be used for these spaces.                  
\4\ UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purpose.          
\5\ Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.                                  
\6\ Not less than 90 percent of all work stations shall be individually 
  enclosed with partitions of at least the height described.            



         Table 401.3.2d.--Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Indoor athletic area/activity 3, 6               UPD W/ft 2  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seating Area, All Sports................................             0.4
Badminton:                                                              
    Club................................................             0.5
    Tournament..........................................             0.8
Basketball/Volleyball:                                                  
    Intramural..........................................             0.8
    College.............................................             1.3
    Professional........................................             1.9
Bowling:                                                                
    Approach Area.......................................             0.5
    Lanes...............................................             1.1
Boxing or Wrestling (platform):                                         
    Amateur.............................................             2.4

[[Page 40904]]

                                                                        
    Professional........................................             4.8
Gymnasium:                                                              
    General Exercising and Recreation Only..............             1.0
Handball/Racquetball/Squash:                                            
    Club................................................             1.3
    Tournament..........................................             2.6
Hockey, Ice:                                                            
    Amateur.............................................             1.3
    College or Professional.............................             2.6
Skating Rink:                                                           
    Recreational........................................             0.6
    Exhibition/Professional.............................             2.6
Swimming:                                                               
    Recreational........................................             0.9
    Exhibition..........................................             1.5
    Underwater..........................................             1.0
Tennis:                                                                 
    Recreational (Class III)............................             1.3
    Club/College (Class II).............................             1.9
    Professional (Class I)..............................             2.6
Tennis, Table:                                                          
    Club................................................             1.0
    Tournament..........................................             1.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous        
  activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.                
2 A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function spaces 
  when a supplementary system having independent controls is installed  
  that has installed power 33% of the adjusted lighting power
  for that space.                                                       
3 Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaces.                    
4 UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purpose.            
5 Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.                                    
6 Consider as 10 ft. beyond playing boundaries but less than or equal to
  the total floor area of the sports space minus spectator seating area.



BILLING CODE 6450-01-P

[[Page 40905]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06AU96.000



Billing Code 6450-01-C

    401.3.3  Lighting Power Control Credits. The interior connected 
lighting power determined in accordance with Sec. 434.401.3.2 can be 
decreased for luminaries that are automatically controlled for 
occupancy, daylight, lumen maintenance, or programmable timing. The 
adjusted interior connected lighting power shall be determined by 
subtracting the sum of all lighting power control credits from the 
interior connected lighting power. Using Table 401.3.3, the lighting 
power control credit equals the power adjustment factor times the 
connected lighting power of the controlled lighting. The lighting power 
adjustment shall be applied with the following limitations:
    (a) It is limited to the specific area controlled by the automatic 
control device.
    (b) Only one lighting power adjustment may be used for each 
building space or luminaire, and 50 percent or more of the controlled 
luminaire shall be within the applicable space.
    (c) Controls shall be installed in series with the lights and in 
series with all manual switching devices.
    (d) When sufficient daylight is available, daylight sensing 
controls shall be capable of reducing electrical power consumption for 
lighting (continuously or in steps) to 50 percent or less of maximum 
power consumption.
    (e) Daylight sensing controls shall control all luminaires to which 
the adjustment is applied and that direct a minimum of 50 percent of 
their light output into the daylight zone.
    (f) Programmable timing controls shall be able to program different 
schedules for occupied and unoccupied days, be readily accessible for 
temporary override with automatic return to the original schedule, and 
keep time during power outages for at least four hours.

            Table 401.3.3.--Lighting Power Adjustment Factors           
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Automatic control devices                       PAF     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (1) Daylight Sensing controls (DS), continuous dimming.            0.30
 (2) DS, multiple step dimming..........................            0.20
 (3) DS, ON/OFF.........................................            0.10
 (4) DS continuous dimming and programmable timing......            0.35
 (5) DS multiple step dimming and programmable timing...            0.25
 (6) DS ON/OFF and programmable timing..................            0.15
 (7) DS continuous dimming, programmable timing, and                    
 lumen maintenance......................................            0.40
 (8) DS multiple step dimming, programmable timing, and                 
 lumen maintenance......................................            0.30
 (9) DS ON/OFF, programmable timing, and lumen                          
 maintenance............................................            0.20
(10) Lumen maintenance control..........................            0.10
(11) Lumen maintenance and programmable timing control..            0.15
(12) Programmable timing control........................            0.15

[[Page 40906]]

                                                                        
(13) Occupancy sensor (OS)..............................            0.30
(14) OS and DS, continuous dimming......................            0.40
(15) OS and DS, multiple-step dimming...................            0.35
(16) OS and DS, ON/OFF..................................            0.35
(17) OS, DS continuous dimming, and lumen maintenance...            0.45
(18) OS, DS multiple-step dimming and lumen maintenance.            0.40
(19) OS, DS ON/OFF, and lumen maintenance...............            0.35
(20) OS and lumen maintenance...........................            0.35
(21) OS and programmable timing control.................            0.35
------------------------------------------------------------------------



    401.3.4  Lighting Controls
    401.3.4.1  Type of Lighting Controls. All lighting systems shall 
have controls, with the exception of emergency use or exit lighting.
    401.3.4.2  Number of Manual Controls. Spaces enclosed by walls or 
ceiling-high partitions shall have a minimum of one manual control (on/
off switch) for lighting in that space. Additional manual controls 
shall be provided for each task location or for each group of task 
locations within an area of 450 ft\2\ or less. For spaces with only one 
lighting fixture or with a single ballast, one manual control is 
required. Exceptions are as follows:
    401.3.4.2.1  Continuous lighting for security;
    401.3.4.2.2  Systems in which occupancy sensors, local programmable 
timers, or three-level (including OFF) step controls or preset dimming 
controls are substituted for manual controls at the rate of one for 
every two required manual controls, providing at least one control is 
installed for every 1500 watts of power.
    401.3.4.2.3  Systems in which four-level (including OFF) step 
controls or preset dimming controls or automatic or continuous dimming 
controls are substituted for manual controls at a rate of one for every 
three required manual controls, providing at least one control is 
installed for every 1500 watts of power.
    401.3.4.2.4  Spaces that must be used as a whole, such as public 
lobbies, retail stores, warehouses, and storerooms.
    401.3.4.3  Multiple Location Controls. Manual controls that operate 
the same load from multiple locations must be counted as one manual 
control.
    401.3.4.4  Control Accessibility. Lighting controls shall be 
readily accessible from within the space controlled. Exceptions are as 
follows: Controls for spaces that are be used as a whole, automatic 
controls, programmable controls, controls requiring trained operators, 
and controls for safety hazards and security.
    401.3.4.5  Hotel and Motel Guest Room Control. Hotel and motel 
guest rooms and suites shall have at least one master switch at the 
main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures 
and switched receptacles excluding bathrooms. The following exception 
applies: Where switches are provided at the entry to each room of a 
multiple-room suite.
    401.3.4.6  Switching of Exterior Lighting. Exterior lighting not 
intended for 24-hour use shall be automatically switched by either 
timer or photocell or a combination of timer and photocell. When used, 
timers shall be capable of seven-day and seasonal daylight schedule 
adjustment and have power backup for at least four hours.
    401.3.5  Ballasts.
    401.3.5.1  Tandem Wiring. One-lamp or three-lamp fluorescent 
luminaries that are recess mounted within 10 ft center-to-center of 
each other, or pendant mounted, or surface mounted within 1 ft of each 
other, and within the same room, shall be tandem wired, unless three-
lamp ballasts are used.
    401.3.5.2  Power Factor. All ballasts shall have a power factor of 
at least 90%, with the exception of dimming ballasts, and ballasts for 
circline and compact fluorescent lamps and low wattage HID lamps not 
over 100 W.


Sec. 434.402  Building envelope assemblies and materials.

    The building envelope and its associated assemblies and materials 
shall meet the provisions of this section.
    402.1  Calculations and Supporting Information.
    402.1.1  Material Properties. Information on thermal properties, 
building envelope system performance, and component heat transfer shall 
be obtained from RS-4. When the information is not available from RS-4, 
the data shall be obtained from manufacturer's information or 
laboratory or field test measurements using RS-5, RS-6, RS-7, or RS-8.
    402.1.1.1  The shading coefficient (SC) for fenestration shall be 
obtained from RS-4 or from manufacturer's test data. The shading 
coefficient of the fenestration, including both internal and external 
shading devices, is SCx and excludes the effect of external shading 
projections, which are calculated separately. The shading coefficient 
used for louvered shade screens shall be determined using a profile 
angle of 30 degrees as found in Table 41, Chapter 27 of RS-4.
    402.1.2  Thermal Performance Calculations. The overall thermal 
transmittance of the building envelope shall be calculated in 
accordance with Equation 402.1.2:

Uo = UiAi/Ao = (U1A1 + 
U2A2 + . . . + UNAN)/A0    (402.1.2)

where:
Uo = the area-weighted average thermal transmittance of the gross 
area of the building envelope; i.e., the exterior wall assembly 
including fenestration and doors, the roof and ceiling assembly, and 
the floor assembly, Btu/(hft2 deg.F)
Ao = the gross area of the building envelope, ft2
Ui = the thermal transmittance of each individual path of the 
building envelope, i.e., the opaque portion or the fenestration, Btu/
(hft2 deg.F)
Ui = 1/Ri (where Ri is the total resistance to heat flow 
of an individual path through the building envelope)
Ai = the area of each individual element of the building envelope, 
ft2

    The thermal transmittance of each component of the building 
envelope shall be determined with due consideration of all major series 
and parallel heat flow paths through the elements of the component and 
film coefficients and shall account for any compression of insulation. 
The thermal transmittance of opaque elements of assemblies shall be 
determined using a series path procedure with corrections for the 
presence of parallel paths within an element of the envelope assembly 
(such as wall cavities with parallel paths through insulation and 
studs). The thermal performance of adjacent

[[Page 40907]]

ground in below-grade applications shall be excluded from all thermal 
calculations.
    402.1.2.1  Envelope Assemblies Containing Metal Framing. The 
thermal transmittance of the envelope assembly containing metal framing 
shall be determined from one of three methods:
    (a) Laboratory or field test measurements based on RS-5, RS-6, RS-
7, or RS-8.
    (b) The zone method described in Chapter 22 of RS-4 and the 
formulas on page 22.10.
    (c) For metal roof trusses or metal studs covered by Tables 
402.1.2.1a and b, the total resistance of the series path shall be 
calculated in accordance with the following Equations:
Equation 402.1.2.1a
Ui = 1/Rt
Rt = Ri + Re

where:
Rt = the total resistance of the envelope assembly
Ri = the resistance of the series elements (for i = 1 to n) 
excluding the parallel path element(s)
Re = the equivalent resistance of the element containing the 
parallel path (R-value of insulation x Fc). Values for Fc and 
equivalent resistances shall be taken from Tables 402.1.2.1a or b.

 Table 402.1.2.1a.--Parallel Path Correction Factors--Metal Roof Trusses
       Spaced 4 ft. o.c. or Greater That Penetrate the Insulation       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Correction   Equivalent resistance
  Effective framing/cavity R-values    factor Fc            Re1         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
R-0.................................        1.00  R-0                   
R-5.................................        0.96  R-4.8                 
R-10................................        0.92  R-9.2                 
R-15................................        0.88  R-13.2                
R-20................................        0.85  R-17.0                
R-25................................        0.81  R-20.3                
R-30................................        0.79  R-23.7                
R-35................................        0.76  R-26.6                
R-40................................        0.73  R-29.2                
R-45................................        0.71  R-32.0                
R-50................................        0.69  R-34.5                
R-55................................        0.67  R-36.0                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Based on 0.66-inch-diameter cross members every one foot.             


      Table 402.1.2.1b.--Parallel Path Correction Factors--Metal Framed Walls With Studs 16 Ga. or Lighter      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Spacing of framing,    Cavity insulation R-    Correction      Equivalent  
          Size of members                    in.                   value             factor Fc     resistance Re
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 x 4.............................  16 O.C.                R-11                             0.50           R-5.0
                                                           R-13                             0.46           R-6.0
                                                           R-15                             0.43           R-6.4
2 x 4.............................  24 O.C.                R-11                             0.60           R-6.6
                                                           R-13                             0.55           R-7.2
                                                           R-15                             0.52           R-7.8
2 x 6.............................  16 O.C.                R-19                             0.37           R-7.1
                                                           R-21                             0.43           R-9.0
2 x 6.............................  24 O.C.                R-19                             0.45           R-8.6
                                                           R-21                             0.35           R-7.4
2 x 8.............................  16 O.C.                R-25                             0.31           R-7.8
2 x 8.............................  24 O.C.                R-25                             0.38           R-9.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    402.1.2.2  Envelope Assemblies Containing Nonmetal Framing. The 
thermal transmittance of the envelope assembly shall be determined from 
laboratory or field test measurements based on RS-5, RS-6, RS-7, or RS-
8 or from the series-parallel (isothermal planes) method provided in 
page 23.2 of Chapter 23 of RS-4.
    402.1.2.3  Metal Buildings. For elements with internal metallic 
structures bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or covering, the 
calculation procedure specified in RS-9 shall be used.
    402.1.2.4  Fenestration Assemblies. Calculation of the overall 
thermal transmittance of fenestration assemblies shall consider the 
center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, and frame components.
    (a) The following equation 402.1.2.4a shall be used.

BILLING CODE 6450-01-P

[[Page 40908]]

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BILLING CODE 6450-01-C


[[Page 40909]]


    (1) Results from laboratory test of center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, 
and frame assemblies tested as a unit at winter conditions. One of the 
procedures in Section 8.3.2 of RS-1 shall be used.
    (2) Overall generic product C (commercial) in Table 13, Chapter 27, 
of the RS-4. The generic product C in Table 13, Chapter 27, is based on 
a product of 24 ft\2\. Larger units will produce lower U-values and 
thus it is recommended to use the calculation procedure detailed in 
Equation 402.1.2.4a.
    (3) Calculations based on the actual area for center-of-glass, 
edge-of-glass, and frame assemblies and on the thermal transmittance of 
components derived from 402.1.2.4a, 402.1.2.4b or a combination of the 
two.
    402.1.3  Gross Areas of Envelope Components.
    402.1.3.1  Roof Assembly. The gross area of a roof assembly shall 
consist of the total surface of the roof assembly exposed to outside 
air or unconditioned spaces and is measured from the exterior faces of 
exterior walls and centerline of walls separating buildings. The roof 
assembly includes all roof or ceiling components through which heat may 
flow between indoor and outdoor environments, including skylight 
surfaces but excluding service openings. For thermal transmittance 
purposes when return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof or 
ceiling assembly shall not include the resistance of the ceiling or the 
plenum space as part of the total resistance of the assembly.
    402.1.3.2  Floor Assembly. The gross area of a floor assembly over 
outside or unconditioned spaces shall consist of the total surface of 
the floor assembly exposed to outside air or unconditioned space and is 
measured from the exterior face of exterior walls and centerline of 
walls separating buildings. The floor assembly shall include all floor 
components through which heat may flow between indoor and outdoor or 
unconditioned space environments.
    402.1.3.3  Wall Assembly. The gross area of exterior walls 
enclosing a heated or cooled space is measured on the exterior and 
consists of the opaque walls, including between-floor spandrels, 
peripheral edges of flooring, window areas (including sash), and door 
areas but excluding vents, grilles, and pipes.
    402.2  Air Leakage and Moisture Mitigation. The requirements of 
this section shall apply only to those building components that 
separate interior building conditioned space from the outdoors or from 
unconditioned space or crawl spaces. Compliance with the criteria for 
air leakage through building components shall be determined by tests 
conducted in accordance with RS-10.
    402.2.1  Air Barrier System. A barrier against leakage shall be 
installed to prevent the leakage of air through the building envelope 
according to the following requirements:
    (a) The air barrier shall be continuous at all plumbing and heating 
penetrations of the building opaque wall.
    (b) The air barrier shall be sealed at all penetrations of the 
opaque building wall for electrical and telecommunications equipment.

           Table 402.2.1.--Air Leakage for Fenestration and Doors--Maximum Allowable Infiltration Rate          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              cfm/lin ft sash crack or cfm/ft\2\
               Component                         Reference standard                        of area              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Fenestration                                                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum:                                                                                                       
    Operable..........................  RS-11..............................  0.37 cfm/lin ft                    
    Jalousie..........................  RS-11..............................  1.50 cfm/ft \2\                    
    Fixed.............................  RS-11..............................  0.15 cfm/ft\2\                     
PVC: Prime Windows....................  RS-12..............................  0.06 cfm/ft\2\                     
Wood:                                                                                                           
    Residential.......................  RS-13..............................  0.37 cfm/ft\2\                     
    Light Commercial..................  RS-13..............................  0.25 cfm/ft\2\                     
    Heavy Commercial..................  RS-13..............................  0.15 cfm/ft\2\                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               Sliding Glass Doors                                              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum..............................  RS-11..............................  0.37 cfm/ft\2\                     
PVC...................................  RS-12..............................  0.37 cfm/lin ft                    
Doors--Wood:                                                                                                    
    Residential.......................  RS-14..............................  0.34 cfm/ft\2\                     
    Light Commercial..................  RS-14..............................  0.25 cfm/ft\2\                     
    Heavy Commercial..................  RS-14..............................  0.10 cfm/ft\2\                     
Commercial Entrance Doors.............  RS-10..............................  1.25 cfm/ft\2\                     
Residential Swinging Doors............  RS-10..............................  0.50 cfm/ft\2\                     
Wall Sections Aluminum................  RS-10..............................  0.06 cfm/ft\2\                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: [The ``Maximum Allowable Infiltration Rates'' are from current standards to allow the use of available    
  products.]                                                                                                    

    402.2.2  Building Envelope. The following areas of the building 
envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or weatherstripped to 
limit air leakage:
    (a) Intersections of the fenestration and door frames with the 
opaque wall sections.
    (b) Openings between walls and foundations, between walls and roof 
and wall panels.
    (c) Openings at penetrations of utility service through, roofs, 
walls, and floors.
    (d) Site built fenestration and doors.
    (e) All other openings in the building envelope.
    Exceptions are as follows: Outside air intakes, exhaust outlets, 
relief outlets, stair shaft, elevator shaft smoke relief openings, and 
other similar elements shall comply with subsection 403.
    402.2.2.1  Fenestration and Doors Fenestration and doors shall meet 
the requirements of Table 402.2.1.
    402.2.2.2  Building Assemblies Used as Ducts or Plenums. Building 
assemblies used as ducts or plenums shall be sealed, caulked, and 
gasketed to limit air leakage.
    402.2.2.3  Vestibules. A door that separates conditioned space from 
the exterior shall be equipped with an

[[Page 40910]]

enclosed vestibule with all doors opening into and out of the vestibule 
equipped with self-closing devices. Vestibules shall be designed so 
that in passing through the vestibule, it is not necessary for the 
interior and exterior doors to open at the same time. Exceptions are as 
follows: Exterior doors need not be protected with a vestibule where:
    (a) The door is a revolving door.
    (b) The door is used primarily to facilitate vehicular movement or 
material handling.
    (c) The door is not intended to be used as a general entrance door.
    (d) The door opens directly from a dwelling unit.
    (e) The door opens directly from a retail space less than 2,000 
ft2 in area, or from a space less than 1,500 ft2 for other 
uses.
    (f) In buildings less than three stories in building height in 
regions that have less than 6,300 heating degree days base 65 deg.F.
    402.2.2.4  Compliance Testing. All buildings shall be tested after 
completion using the methodology in RS-11, or an equivalent approved 
method to determine the envelope air leakage. A standard blower door 
test is an acceptable technique to pressurize the building if the 
building is 5,000 ft\2\ or less in area. The building's air handling 
system can be used to pressurize the building if the building is larger 
than 5,000 ft\2\. The following test conditions shall be:
    (a) The measured envelope air leakage shall not exceed 1.57 pounds 
per square foot of wall area at a pressure difference of 0.3 inches 
water.
    (b) At the time of testing, all windows and outside doors shall be 
installed and closed, all interior doors shall be open, and all air 
handlers and dampers shall be operable. The building shall be 
unoccupied.
    (c) During the testing period, the average wind speed during the 
test shall be less than 6.6 feet per second, the average outside 
temperature greater than 59 deg.F, and the average inside-outside 
temperature difference is less than 41 deg.F.
    402.2.2.5  Moisture Migration. The building envelope shall be 
designed to limit moisture migration that leads to deterioration in 
insulation or equipment performance as determined by the following 
construction practices:
    (a) A vapor retarder shall be installed to retard, or slow down the 
rate of water vapor diffusion through the building envelope. The 
position of the vapor retarder shall be determined taking into account 
local climate and indoor humidity levels. The methodologies presented 
in Chapter 20 of RS-4 shall be used to determine temperature and water 
vapor profiles through the envelope systems to assess the potential for 
condensation within the envelope and to determine the position of the 
vapor retarder within the envelope system.
    (b) The vapor retarder shall be installed over the entire building 
envelope.
    (c) The perm rating requirements of the vapor retarder shall be 
determined using the methodologies contained in Chapter 20 of RS-4, and 
shall take into account local climate and indoor humidity level. The 
vapor retarder shall have a performance rating of 1 perm or less.
402.3  Thermal Performance Criteria.
    402.3.1  Roofs; Floors and Walls Adjacent to Unconditioned Spaces. 
The area weighted average thermal transmittance of roofs and also of 
floors and walls adjacent to unconditioned spaces shall not exceed the 
criteria in Table 402.3.1a. Exceptions are as follows: Skylights for 
which daylight credit is taken may be excluded from the calculations of 
the roof assembly Uor if all of the following conditions are met:
    (a) The opaque roof thermal transmittance is less than the criteria 
in Table 402.3.1b.
    (b) Skylight areas, including framing, as a percentage of the roof 
area do not exceed the values specified in Table 402.3.1b. The maximum 
skylight area from Table 402.3.1b may be increased by 50% if a shading 
device is used that blocks over 50% of the solar gain during the peak 
cooling design condition. For shell buildings, the permitted skylight 
area shall be based on a light level of 30-foot candles and a lighting 
power density (LPD) of less than 1.0 w/ft\2\. For speculative 
buildings, the permitted skylight area shall be based on the unit 
lighting power allowance from Table 401.3.2a and an illuminance level 
as follows: for LPD < 1.0, use 30 footcandles; for 1.0 < LPD < 2.5, use 
50 footcandles; and for LPD  2.5, use 70 footcandles.
    (c) All electric lighting fixtures within daylighted zones under 
skylights are controlled by automatic daylighting controls.
    (d) The Uo of the skylight assembly including framing does not 
exceed ______ Btu/(hft\2\ deg.F). [Use 0.70 for 
 8000 HDD65 and 0.45 for >8000 HDD65 or both if the 
jurisdiction includes cities that are both below and above 8000 HDD65.]

    (e) Skylight curb U-value does not exceed 0.21 Btu/
(hft\2\ deg.F).
    (f) The infiltration coefficient of the skylights does not exceed 
0.05 cfm/ft\2\.
    402.3.2  Below-Grade Walls and Slabs-on-Grade. The thermal 
resistance (R-value) of insulation for slabs-on-grade, or the overall 
thermal resistances of walls in contact with the earth, shall be equal 
to or greater than the values in Table 403.3.2.
    402.4  Exterior Walls. Exterior walls shall comply with either 
402.4.1 or 402.4.2.
    402.4.1  Prescriptive Criteria. (a) The exterior wall shall be 
designed in accordance with subsections 402.4.1.1 and 402.4.1.2. When 
the internal load density range is not known, the 0-1.50 W/ft\2\ range 
shall be used for residential, hotel/motel guest rooms, or warehouse 
occupancies; the 3.01-3.50 W/ft\2\ range shall be used for retail 
stores smaller than 2,000 ft\2\ and technical and vocational schools 
smaller than 10,000 ft\2\; and the 1.51-3.00 W/ft\2\ range shall be 
used for all other occupancies and building sizes. When the building 
envelope is designed or constructed prior to knowing the building 
occupancy type, an internal load density of ______ W/ft\2\ shall be 
used. [Use 3.0 W/ft\2\ for HDD65 <3000, 2.25 W/ft\2\ for 3000 < HDD65 < 
6000, and 1.5 W/ft\2\ for HDD65 > 6000.]
    (b) When more than one condition exists, area weighted averages 
shall be used. This requirement shall apply to all thermal 
transmittances, shading coefficients, projection factors, and internal 
load densities rounded to the same number of decimal places as shown in 
the respective table.
    402.4.1.1  Opaque Walls. The weighted average thermal transmittance 
(U-value) of opaque wall elements shall be less than the values in 
Table 402.4.1.1. For mass walls (HC5), criteria are 
presented for low and high window/wall ratios and the criteria shall be 
determined by interpolating between these values for the window/wall 
ratio of the building.
    402.4.1.2  Fenestration. The design of the fenestration shall meet 
the criteria of Table 402.4.1.2. When the fenestration columns labeled 
``Perimeter Daylighting'' are used, automatic daylighting controls 
shall be installed in the perimeter daylighted zones of the building. 
These daylighting controls shall be capable of reducing electric 
lighting power to at least 50% of full power. Only those shading or 
lighting controls for perimeter daylighting that are shown on the plans 
shall be considered. The column labeled ``VLT > = SC'' shall be used 
only when the shading coefficient of the glass is less than its visible 
light transmittance.

[[Page 40911]]

Example Alternate Component Package Table

    The example Alternate Component Package tables illustrate the 
requirements of subsections 301.1, 402.3.1, 402.3.2, 402.4.1.1 and 
402.4.1.2. Copies of specific tables contained in this example can be 
obtained from the Energy Code for Federal Commercial Buildings, Docket 
No. EE-RM-79-112-C, Buildings Division, EE-432, Office of Codes and 
Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J-018, 1000 Independence 
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586-0517.

BILLING CODE 6450-01-P

[[Page 40912]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06AU96.002



BILLING CODE 6450-01-C

[[Page 40913]]

    402.4.2  System Performance Criteria. The cumulative annual energy 
flux attributable to thermal transmittance and solar gains shall be 
less than the criteria determined using the ENVSTD21 computer program 
in Standard 90.1-1989, or the equations in RS-1, Attachment 8-B. The 
cumulative annual energy flux shall be calculated using the ENVSTD21 
computer program or the equations in RS-1, Attachment 8-B.

            Table 402.4.2.--EQUIP Default Values for ENVSTD21           
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Default 
                                      Default      Default      adjusted
             Occupancy               equipment  occupant load  equipment
                                       power      adjustment     power  
                                      density        \1\        density 
----------------------------------------\1\-----------------------------
Assembly..........................       0.25         0.75         1.00 
Health/Institutional..............       1.00        -0.26         0.74 
Hotel/Motel.......................       0.25        -0.33         0.00 
Warehouse/Storage.................       0.10        -0.60         0.00 
Multi-Family High Rise............       0.75          N/A         0.00 
Office............................       0.75        -0.35         0.40 
Restaurant........................       0.10         0.07         0.17 
Retail............................       0.25        -0.38         0.00 
School............................       0.50         0.30         0.80 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Defaults as defined in Section 8.6.10.5, Table 8-4, and Sections    
  8.6.10.6 and 13.7.2.1, Table 13-2 from RS-1.                          

    402.4.2.1  Equipment Power Density (EQUIP). The equipment power 
density used in the ENVSTD21 computer program shall use the actual 
equipment power density from the building plans and specifications or 
be taken from Table 402.4.2 using the column titled ``Default Adjusted 
Equipment Power Density'' or calculated for the building using the 
procedures of RS-1. The program limits consideration of the equipment 
power density to a maximum of 1 W/ft \2\.
    402.4.2.2  Lighting Power Density (LIGHTS). The lighting power 
density used in the ENVSTD21 computer program shall use the actual 
lighting power density from the building plans and specifications or 
the appropriate value from Tables 401.3.2a, b, c, or d.
    402.4.2.3  Daylighting Control Credit Fraction (DLCF). When the 
daylighting control credit fraction is other than zero, automatic 
daylighting controls shall be installed in the appropriate perimeter 
zone(s) of the building to justify the credit.


Sec. 434.403  Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment.

    Mechanical systems and equipment used to provide heating, 
ventilating, and air conditioning functions as well as additional 
functions not related to space conditioning, such as, but not limited 
to, freeze protection in fire projection systems and water heating, 
shall meet the requirements of this section.
    403.1  Mechanical Equipment Efficiency. When equipment shown in 
Tables 403.1a through 403.1f is used, it shall have a minimum 
performance at the specified rating conditions when tested in 
accordance with the specified reference standard. Omission of minimum 
performance requirements for equipment not listed in Tables 403.1a 
through 403.1f does not preclude use of such equipment.

                   Table 403.1a--Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Equipment type                  Size category            Subcategory or rating condition      Minimum Efficiency b         Test Procedure a     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled.  <65,000 Btu/h..................  Split System.....................  10.0 SEER                  ARI 210/240               
                                                                                                                              (RS-15).                  
                                                                Single Package...................  9.7 SEER.                                            
                               65,000 Btu/h and      Split System and Single Package..  8.9 EERc                   ARI 210/240               
                                <135,000 Btu/h.                                                    8.3 IPLVc                  (RS-15).                  
                               135,000 Btu/h and     Split System and Single Package..  8.5 EERc                                             
                                <240,000 Btu/h.                                                    7.5 IPLVc                                            
                               240,000 Btu/h and     Split System and Single Package..  8.5 EERc                   ARI-360                   
                                <760,000 Btu/h.                                                    7.5 IPLVc                  (RS-16).                  
                               760,000 Btu/h.......  Split System and Single Package..  8.2 EERc                   ARI-360                   
                                                                                                   7.5 IPLVc                  (RS-16).                  
Air Conditioners, Water and    <65,000 Btu/h..................  Split System and Single Package..  9.3 EERc                   ARI 210/240               
 Evaporatively Cooled.                                                                             8.4 IPLVc                  (RS-15).                  
                               65,000 Btu/h and      Split System and Single Package..  10.5 EERc                  ARI 210/240               
                                <135,000 Btu/h.                                                    9.7 IPLVc                  (RS-15).                  
                               135,000 Btu/h and     Split System and Single Package..  9.6 EERc                   ARI-360                   
                                <240,000 Btu/h.                                                    9.0 IPLVc                  (RS-16).                  
                               240,000 Btu/h.......  Split System and Single Package..  9.6 EERc                   ARI-360                   
                                                                                                   9.0 IPLVc                  (RS-16).                  
Condensing Units, Air Cooled.  135,000 Btu/h.......  .................................  9.9 EER                    ARI 365                   
                                                                                                   11.0 IPLV                  (RS-29).                  
Condensing Units, Water or     135,000 Btu/h.......  .................................  12.9 EER                   ARI 365                   
 Evaporatively Cooled.                                                                             12.9 IPLV                  (RS-29).                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See Sec.  434.500 for detailed references.                                                                                                            
b Deduct 0.2 from the required EER's and IPLV's for units that have a heating section.                                                                  
c IPLV's are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.                                                                                     


[[Page 40914]]



                          Table 403.1b.--Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements                         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Equipment type                  Size category            Subcategory or rating condition      Minimum efficiency b         Test procedure a     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air Cooled (Cooling Mode)....  < 65,000 Btu/h.................  Split System.....................  10.0 SEER                  ARI 210/240               
                                                                                                                              (RS-15).                  
                                                                Single Package...................  9.7 SEER                                             
                                65,000 Btu/h and <   Split System and Single Package..  8.9 EERc                   ARI 210/240               
                                135,000 Btu/h.                                                     8.3 IPLVc                  (RS-15).                  
                                135,000 Btu/h and <  Split System and Single Package..  8.5 EERc                   ARI-340                   
                                240,000 Btu/h.                                                     7.5 IPLVc                  (RS-17).                  
                                240,000 Btu/h......  Split System and Single Package..  8.5 EERc                   ARI-340                   
                                                                                                   7.5 IPLVc                  (RS-17).                  
Water Source (Cooling Mode)..  < 65,000 Btu/h.................  85  deg.F Entering Water.........  9.3 EER                    ARI-320                   
                                                                                                                              (RS-27).                  
                                                                75  deg.F Entering Water.........  10.2 EER                                             
                                65,000 Btu/h and <   85  deg.F Entering Water.........  10.5 EER                   ARI-320                   
                                135,000 Btu/h.                                                                                (RS-27).                  
                                                                75  deg.F Entering Water.........  11.0 EER                                             
Groundwater-Source (Cooling    < 135,000 Btu/h................  70  deg.F Entering Water.........  11.0 EER                   ARI 325                   
 Mode).                                                                                                                       (RS-28).                  
                                                                50  deg.F Entering Water.........  11.5 EER                                             
Ground Source (Cooling Mode).  < 135,000 Btu/h................  77  deg.F Entering Water.........  10.0 EER                   ARI 325                   
                                                                                                                              (RS-28).                  
                                                                70  deg.F Entering Water.........  10.4 EER                                             
Air Cooled (Heating Mode)....  < 65,000 Btu/h (Cooling          Split System.....................  6.8 HSPF                   ARI 210/240               
                                Capacity).                                                                                    (RS-15).                  
                                                                Single Package...................  6.6 HSPF                                             
                                65,000 Btu/h and <   47  deg.F db/43  deg.F wb Outdoor  3.00 COP                   ARI 210/240               
                                135,000 Btu/h (Cooling           Air.                                                         (RS-15).                  
                                Capacity).                                                                                                              
                                                                17  deg.F db/15  deg.F wb Outdoor  2.00 COP                                             
                                                                 Air.                                                                                   
                                135,000 Btu/h        47  deg.F db/43  deg.F wb Outdoor  2.90 COP                   ARI-340                   
                                (Cooling Capacity).              Air.                                                         (RS-17).                  
                                                                17  deg.F db/15  deg.F wb Outdoor  2.00 COP                                             
Water-Source (Heating Mode)..  < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling         70  deg.F Entering Water.........  3.80 COP                   ARI-320                   
                                Capacity).                                                                                    (RS-27).                  
                                                                75  deg.F Entering Water.........  3.90 COP                                             
Groundwater-Source (Heating    < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling         70  deg.F Entering Water.........  3.40 COP                   ARI 325                   
 Mode).                         Capacity).                                                                                    (RS-28).                  
                                                                50  deg.F Entering Water.........  3.00 COP                                             
Ground Source (Heating Mode).  < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling         32  deg.F Entering Water.........  2.50 EER                   ARI-330                   
                                Capacity).                                                                                    (RS-45).                  
                                                                41  deg.F Entering Water.........  2.70 EER                                             
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See Sec.  434.500 for detailed references                                                                                                             
b Deduct 0.2 from the required EER's and IPLV's for units that have a heating section.                                                                  
c IPLV's are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.                                                                                     


                                         Table 403.1c.--Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Equipment type                  Size category            Subcategory or rating condition      Minimum efficiency b         Test procedure a     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air-Cooled, With Condenser,    < 150 Tons.....................  .................................  2.70 COP                   ARI 550 Centrifugal/Rotary
 Electrically Operated.                                                                            2.80 IPLV                   Screw (RS-30) or ARI 590 
                                                                                                                               Reciprocating (RS-31).   
                                150 Tons...........  .................................  2.50 COP                                             
                                                                                                   2.50 IPLV                                            
Air-Cooled, Without            All Capacities.................  .................................  3.10 COP                                             
 Condenser, Electrically                                                                           3.20 IPLV                                            
 Operated.                                                                                                                                              
Water Cooled, Electrically     All Capacities.................  .................................  3.80 COP                                             
 Operated, Positive                                                                                3.90 IPLV                                            
 Displacement (Reciprocating).                                                                                                                          
Water Cooled, Electrically     < 150 Tons.....................  .................................  3.80 COP                                             
 Operated, Positive                                                                                3.90 IPLV                                            
 Displacement (Rotary Screw                                                                                                                             
 and Scroll).                                                                                                                                           
                                150 Tons and < 300   .................................  4.20 COP                                             
                                Tons.                                                              4.50 IPLV                                            
                                300 Tons...........  .................................  5.20 COP                                             
                                                                                                   5.30 IPLV                                            

[[Page 40915]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Water-Cooled, Electrically     <150 Tons......................  .................................  380 COP                    ARI 550                   
 Operated Centrifugal.                                                                             3.90 IPLV                  (RS-30).                  
                                150 Tons and < 300   .................................  4.20 COP                                             
                                Tons.                                                              4.50 IPLV                                            
                                300 Tons...........  .................................  5.20 COP                                             
                                                                                                   5.30 IPLV                                            
Absorption Single Effect.....  All Capacities.................  .................................  0.48 COP                   ARI 560                   
                                                                                                                              (RS-46).                  
Absorption Double Effect,      All Capacities.................  .................................  0.95 COP                                             
 Indirect-Fired.                                                                                   1.00 IPLV                                            
Absorption Double-Effect,      All Capacities.................  .................................  0.95 COP                                             
 Direct-Fired.                                                                                     1.00 IPLV                                            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See Sec.  434.500 for detailed references.                                                                                                            
b Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated.                                                                 



Table 403.1d.--Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps Electrically
                                                        Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements                                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Equipment type                  Size category            Subcategory or rating condition       Minimum efficiency          Test procedure a     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PTAC (Cooling Mode)..........  All Capacities.................  95 deg.F db Outdoor Air..........  10.0-(0.16 x               ARI 310                   
                                                                                                   Cap/1,000) b EER           (RS-18).                  
                                                                82 deg.F db Outdoor Air..........  12.2-(0.20 x               ARI 380                   
                                                                                                   Cap/1,000) b EER           (RS-19).                  
PTHP (Cooling Mode)..........  All Capacities.................  95 deg.F db Outdoor Air..........  10.0-(0.16 x                                         
                                                                                                   Cap/1,000) b EER                                     
                                                                82 deg.F db Outdoor Air..........  12.2-(0.20 x                                         
                                                                                                   Cap/1,000) b EER                                     
PTHP (Heating Mode)..........  All Capacities.................  .................................  2.90-(0.26 x                                         
                                                                                                   CAP/1,000) b COP                                     
Room Air Conditioners, With    <6,000 Btu/h...................  .................................  8.0 EER                    ANSI/AHAM RAC-1           
 Louvered Sides.                                                                                                              (RS-40).                  
                               6,000 Btu/h and       .................................  8.5 EER                                              
                                <8,000 Btu/h.                                                                                                           
                               8,000 Btu/h and       .................................  9.0 EER                                              
                                <14,000 Btu/h.                                                                                                          
                               14,000 Btu/h and      .................................  8.8 EER                                              
                                <20,000 Btu/h.                                                                                                          
                               20,000 Btu/h........  .................................  8.2 EER                                              
Room Air Conditioners,         <6,000 Btu/h...................  .................................  8.0 EER                    ANSI/AHAM RAC-1           
 Without Louvered Sides.                                                                                                      (RS-40).                  
                               6,000 Btu/h and       .................................  8.5 EER                                              
                                <20,000 Btu/h.                                                                                                          
                               20,000 Btu/h........  .................................  8.2 EER                                              
Room Air-Conditioner Heat      All Capacities.................  .................................  8.5 EER                    ANSI/AHAM RAC-1           
 Pumps With Louvered Sides.                                                                                                   (RS-40).                  
Room Air-Conditioner Heat      All Capacities.................  .................................  8.0 EER                    ANSI/AHAM RAC-1           
 Pumps Without Louvered Sides.                                                                                                (RS-40).                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See Sec.  434.500 for detailed references.                                                                                                            
b Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated. (Note products covered by the 1992 Energy Policy Act have no    
  efficiency requirement for operation at other than standard rating conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94).                                
c Cap means the rated capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the     
  unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.                                                                    


 Table 403.1e.--Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters, Minimum Efficiency 
                                                                      Requirements                                                                      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Equipment type                  Size category            Subcategory or rating condition      Minimum efficiency d         Test procedure a     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warm Air-Furnace, Gas-Fired..  <225,000 Btu/h.................  .................................  78% AGUE or                DOE 10 CFR 430            
                                                                                                   80% Etc                    (RS-20).                  
                               225,000 Btu/h.......  Maximum Capacity c Minimum         80% Et                     ANSI Z21.47               
                                                                 Capacity c.                       78% Et                     (RS-21).                  
Warm Air-Furnace, Oil-Fired..  <225,000 Btu/h.................  .................................  78% AGUE or                DOE 10 CFR 430            
                                                                                                   80% Etc                    (RS-20).                  

[[Page 40916]]

                                                                                                                                                        
                               225,000 But/h.......  Maximum Capacity b Minimum         81% Et                     U.L. 727                  
                                                                 Capacity b.                       81% Et                     (RS-22).                  
Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-   All Capacities.................  Maximum Capacity b Minimum         78% Et                     ANSI Z83.9                
 Fired.                                                          Capacity b.                       74% Et                     (RS-23).                  
Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas     All Capacities.................  Maximum Capacity b Minimum         78% Et                     ANSI Z83.8                
 Fired.                                                          Capacity b.                       74% Et                     (RS-24).                  
Oil-Fired....................  All Capacities.................  Maximum Capacity b Minimum         81% Et                     U.L. 731                  
                                                                 Capacity b.                       81% Et                     (RS-25).                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See Sec.  434.500 for detailed references.                                                                                                            
b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.                                                                       
c Combination units not covered by NAECA (Three-phase power or cooling capacity 65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating.                 
d Et=thermal efficiency. See referenced document for detailed discussion.                                                                               
e Ec=combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID and either power venting or a flue damper. For those furnaces where combustion air is drawn  
  from the conditioned space, a vent damper may be substituted for a flue damper.                                                                       



                                       Table 403.1f.--Boilers, Gas- and Oil-Fired, Minimum Efficiency Requirements                                      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Equipment type                  Size category            Subcategory or rating condition      Minimum efficiency c         Test procedure a     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boilers, Gas-Fired...........  <300,000 Btu/h.................  Hot Water........................  80% AGUE                   DOE 10 CFR 430            
                                                                                                                              (RS-20).                  
                                                                Steam............................  75% AGUE                   DOE 10 CFR 430            
                                                                                                                              (RS-20).                  
                               300,000 Btu/h.......  Maximum Capacity b...............  80% Ec                     ANSI Z21.13               
                                                                                                                              (RS-32).                  
                                                                Minimum Capacity b...............  80% Ec                     ..........................
Boilers, Oil-Fired...........  <300,000 Btu/h.................  .................................  80% AGUE                   DOE 10 CFR 430            
                                                                                                                              (RS-20).                  
                                                                Maximum Capacity b...............  83% Ec                     ..........................
                               300,000 Btu/h.......  Minumum Capacity b...............  83% Ec                     U.L. 726                  
                                                                                                                              (RS-33).                  
Oil-Fired (Residual).........  300,000 Btu/h.......  Maximum Capacity b...............  83% Ec                     ..........................
                                                                Minimum Capacity b...............  83% Ec                     ..........................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See Sec.  434.500 for detailed references.                                                                                                            
b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.                                                                       
cEc=combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See reference document for detailed information.                                                     

    403.1.1  Where multiple rating conditions and/or performance 
requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated 
requirements.
    403.1.2  Equipment used to provide water heating functions as part 
of a combination integrated system shall satisfy all stated 
requirements for the appropriate space heating or cooling category.
    403.1.3  The equipment efficiency shall be supported by data 
furnished by the manufacturer or shall be certified under a nationally 
recognized certification program or rating procedure.
    403.1.4  Where components, such as indoor or outdoor coils, from 
different manufacturers are used, the system designer shall specify 
component efficiencies whose combined efficiency meets the standards 
herein.
    403.2  HVAC Systems.
    403.2.1  Load Calculations. Heating and cooling system design loads 
for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in 
accordance with the procedures described in RS-1 using the design 
parameters specified in subpart C of this part.
    403.2.2  Equipment and System Sizing. Heating and cooling equipment 
and systems shall be sized to provide no more than the loads calculated 
in accordance with subsection 403.2.1. A single piece of equipment 
providing both heating and cooling must satisfy this provision for one 
function with the other function sized as small as possible to meet the 
load, within available equipment options. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) When the equipment selected is the smallest size needed to meet 
the load within available options of the desired equipment line.
    (b) Standby equipment provided with controls and devices that allow 
such equipment to operate automatically only when the primary equipment 
is not operating.
    (c) Multiple units of the same equipment type with combined 
capacities exceeding the design load and provided with controls that 
sequence or otherwise optimally control the operation of each unit 
based on load.
    403.2.3  Separate Air Distribution System. Zones with special 
process temperature and/or humidity requirements shall be served by air 
distribution systems separate from those serving zones requiring only 
comfort conditions or shall include supplementary provisions so that 
the primary systems may be specifically controlled for comfort purposes 
only. Exceptions: Zones requiring only comfort heating or comfort 
cooling that are served by a system primarily used for process 
temperature and humidity control need not be served by a separate 
system if the total supply air to these comfort zones is no more than 
25% of the total system supply air or the total conditioned floor area 
of the zones is less than 1000 ft \2\.

[[Page 40917]]

    403.2.4  Ventilation and Fan System Design. Ventilation systems 
shall be designed to be capable of reducing the supply of outdoor air 
to the minimum ventilation rates required by Section 6.1.3 of RS-41 
through the use of return ducts, manually or automatically operated 
control dampers, fan volume controls, or other devices. Exceptions are 
as follows: Minimum outdoor air rates may be greater if:
    (a) Required to make up air exhausted for source control of 
contaminants such as in a fume hood.
    (b) Required by process systems.
    (c) Required to maintain a slightly positive building pressure. For 
this purpose, minimum outside air intake may be increased up to no 
greater than 0.30 air changes per hour in excess of exhaust quantities.
    403.2.4.1  Ventilation controls for variable or high occupancy 
areas. Systems with design outside air capacities greater than 3,000 
cfm serving areas having an average design occupancy density exceeding 
100 people per 1,000 ft \2\ shall include means to automatically reduce 
outside air intake to the minimum values required by RS-41 during 
unoccupied or low-occupancy periods. Outside air shall not be reduced 
below 0.14 cfm/ft \2\. Outside air intake shall be controlled by one or 
more of the following:
    (a) A clearly labeled, readily accessible bypass timer that may be 
used by occupants or operating personnel to temporarily increase 
minimum outside air flow up to design levels.
    (b) A carbon dioxide (CO2) control system having sensors 
located in the spaces served, or in the return air from the spaces 
served, capable of maintaining space CO2 concentrations below 
levels recommended by the manufacturer, but no fewer than one sensor 
per 25,000 ft \2\ of occupied space shall be provided.
    (c) An automatic timeclock that can be programmed to maintain 
minimum outside air intake levels commensurate with scheduled occupancy 
levels.
    (d) Spaces equipped with occupancy sensors.
    403.2.4.2  Ventilation Controls for enclosed parking garages: 
Garage ventilation fan systems with a total design capacity greater 
than 30,000 cfm shall have automatic controls that stage fans or 
modulate fan volume as required to maintain carbon monoxide (CO) below 
levels recommended in RS-41.
    403.2.4.3  Ventilation and Fan Power. The fan system energy demand 
of each HVAC system at design conditions shall not exceed 0.8 W/cfm of 
supply air for constant air volume systems and 1.25 W/cfm of supply air 
for variable-air-volume (VAV) systems. Fan system energy demand shall 
not include the additional power required by air treatment or filtering 
systems with pressure drops over 1 in. w.c. Individual VAV fans with 
motors 75 hp and larger shall include controls and devices necessary 
for the fan motor to demand no more than 50 percent of design wattage 
at 50 percent of design air volume, based on manufacturer's test data. 
Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Systems with total fan system motor horsepower of 10 hp or 
less.
    (b) Unitary equipment for which the energy used by the fan is 
considered in the efficiency ratings of subsection 403.1.
    403.2.5  Pumping System Design. HVAC pumping systems used for 
comfort heating and/or comfort air conditioning that serve control 
valves designed to modulate or step open and closed as a function of 
load shall be designed for variable fluid flow and capable of reducing 
system flow to 50 percent of design flow or less. Exceptions are as 
follows:
    (a) Systems where a minimum flow greater than 50% of the design 
flow is required for the proper operation of equipment served by the 
system, such as chillers.
    (b) Systems that serve no more than one control valve.
    (c) Systems with a total pump system horse power 10 hp.
    (d) Systems that comply with subsection 403.2.6.8 without 
exception.
    403.2.6  Temperature and Humidity Controls.
    403.2.6.1  System Controls. Each heating and cooling system shall 
include at least one temperature control device.
    403.2.6.2  Zone Controls. The supply of heating and cooling energy 
to each zone shall be controlled by individual thermostatic controls 
responding to temperature within the zone. For the purposes of this 
section, a dwelling unit is considered a zone. Exception: Independent 
perimeter systems that are designed to offset building envelope heat 
losses or gains or both may serve one or more zones also served by an 
interior system when the perimeter system includes at least one 
thermostatic control zone for each building exposure having exterior 
walls facing only one orientation for at least 50 contiguous ft and the 
perimeter system heating and cooling supply is controlled by 
thermostat(s) located within the zone(s) served by the system.
    403.2.6.3  Zone Thermostatic Control Capabilities. Where used to 
control comfort heating, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of 
being set locally or remotely by adjustment or selection of sensors 
down to 55  deg.F or lower. Where used to control comfort cooling, zone 
thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set locally or remotely 
by adjustment or selection of sensors up to 85  deg.F or higher. Where 
used to control both comfort heating and cooling, zone thermostatic 
controls shall be capable of providing a temperature range or deadband 
of at least 5  deg.F within which the supply of heating and cooling 
energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum. Exceptions are 
as follows:
    (a) Special occupancy or special usage conditions approved by the 
building official or
    (b) Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and 
cooling modes.
    403.2.6.4  Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat. Heat pumps having 
supplementary electric resistance heaters shall have controls that 
prevent heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat 
pump. Supplemental heater operation is permitted during outdoor coil 
defrost cycles not exceeding 15 minutes.
    403.2.6.5  Humidistats. Humidistats used for comfort purposes shall 
be capable of being set to prevent the use of fossil fuel or 
electricity to reduce relative humidity below 60% or increase relative 
humidity above 30%.
    403.2.6.6  Simultaneous Heating and Cooling. Zone thermostatic and 
humidistatic controls shall be capable of operating in sequence the 
supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone. Such controls shall 
prevent: reheating; recooling; mixing or simultaneous supply of air 
that has been previously mechanically heated and air that has been 
previously cooled, either by mechanical refrigeration or by economizer 
systems; and other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling 
systems to the same zone. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Variable-air-volume systems that, during periods of occupancy, 
are designed to reduce the air supply to each zone to a minimum before 
heating, recooling, or mixing takes place. This minimum volume shall be 
no greater than the larger of 30% of the peak supply volume, the 
minimum required to meet minimum ventilation requirements of the 
Federal agency. (0.4 cfm/ft2 of zone conditioned floor area, and 300 
cfm).
    (b) Zones where special pressurization relationships or cross-
contamination requirements are such that variable-air-volume systems 
are impractical, such as isolation rooms,

[[Page 40918]]

operating areas of hospitals and clean rooms.
    (c) At least 75% of the energy for reheating or for providing warm 
air in mixing systems is provided from a site-recovered or site-solar 
energy source.
    (d) Zones where specified humidity levels are required to satisfy 
process needs, such as computer rooms and museums.
    (e) Zones with a peak supply air quantity of 300 cfm or less.
    403.2.6.7  Temperature Reset for Air Systems. Air systems supplying 
heated or cooled air to multiple zones shall include controls that 
automatically reset supply air temperatures by representative building 
loads or by outside air temperature. Temperature shall be reset by at 
least 25% of the design supply air to room air temperature difference. 
Zones that are expected to experience relatively constant loads, such 
as interior zones, shall be designed for the fully reset supply 
temperature. Exception are as follows: Systems that comply with 
subsection 403.2.6.6 without using exceptions (a) or (b).
    403.2.6.8  Temperature Reset for Hydronic Systems. Hydronic systems 
of at least 600,000 Btu/hr design capacity supplying heated and/or 
chilled water to comfort conditioning systems shall include controls 
that automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative 
building loads (including return water temperature) or by outside air 
temperature. Temperature shall be reset by at least 25% of the design 
supply-to-return water temperature difference. Exceptions are as 
follows:
    (a) Systems that comply with subsection 403.2.5 without exception 
or
    (b) where the design engineer certifies to the building official 
that supply temperature reset controls cannot be implemented without 
causing improper operation of heating, cooling, humidification, or 
dehumidification systems.
    403.2.7  Off Hour Controls.
    403.2.7.1  Automatic Setback or Shutdown Controls. HVAC systems 
shall be equipped with automatic controls capable of accomplishing a 
reduction of energy use through control setback or equipment shutdown. 
Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Systems serving areas expected to operate continuously or
    (b) equipment with full load demands not exceeding 2 kW controlled 
by readily accessible, manual off-hour controls.
    403.2.7.2  Shutoff Dampers. Outdoor air supply and exhaust systems 
shall be provided with motorized or gravity dampers or other means of 
automatic volume shutoff or reduction. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Systems serving areas expected to operate continuously.
    (b) Individual systems which have a design airflow rate or 3000 cfm 
or less.
    (c) Gravity and other non-electrical ventilation systems controlled 
by readily accessible, manual damper controls.
    (d) Where restricted by health and life safety codes.
    403.2.7.3  Zone Isolation systems that serve zones that can be 
expected to operate nonsimultaneously for more than 750 hours per year 
shall include isolation devices and controls to shut off or set back 
the supply of heating and cooling to each zone independently. Isolation 
is not required for zones expected to operate continuously or expected 
to be inoperative only when all other zones are inoperative. For 
buildings where occupancy patterns are not known at the time of system 
design, such as speculative buildings, the designer may predesignate 
isolation areas. The grouping of zones on one floor into a single 
isolation area shall be permitted when the total conditioned floor area 
does not exceed 25,000 ft \2\ per group.
    403.2.8  Economizer Controls.
    403.2.8.1  Each fan system shall be designed and capable of being 
controlled to take advantage of favorable weather conditions to reduce 
mechanical cooling requirements. The system shall include either: a 
temperature or enthalpy air economizer system that is capable of 
automatically modulating outside air and return air dampers to provide 
up to 85% of the design supply air quantity as outside air, or a water 
economizer system that is capable of cooling supply air by direct and/
or indirect evaporation and is capable of providing 100% of the 
expected system cooling load at outside air temperatures of 50 deg.F 
dry-bulb/45 deg.F wet-bulb and below. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Individual fan-cooling units with a supply capacity of less 
than 3000 cfm or a total cooling capacity less than 90,000 Btu/h.
    (b) Systems with air-cooled or evaporatively cooled condensers that 
include extensive filtering equipment provided in order to meet the 
requirements of RS-41.
    (c) Systems with air-cooled or evaporatively cooled condensers 
where the design engineer certifies to the building official that use 
of outdoor air cooling affects the operation of other systems, such as 
humidification, dehumidification, and supermarket refrigeration 
systems, so as to increase overall energy usage.
    (d) Systems that serve envelope-dominated spaces whose sensible 
cooling load at design conditions, excluding transmission and 
infiltration loads, is less than or equal to transmission and 
infiltration losses at an outdoor temperature of 60 deg.F.
    (e) Systems serving residential spaces and hotel or motel rooms.
    (f) Systems for which at least 75% of the annual energy used for 
mechanical cooling is provided from a site-recovered or site-solar 
energy source.
    (g) The zone(s) served by the system each have operable openings 
(windows, doors, etc.) with an openable area greater than 5% of the 
conditioned floor area. This applies only to spaces open to and within 
20 ft of the operable openings. Automatic controls shall be provided 
that lock out system mechanical cooling to these zones when outdoor air 
temperatures are less than 60 deg.F.
    403.2.8.2  Economizer systems shall be capable of providing partial 
cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the 
remainder of the cooling load. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Direct-expansion systems may include controls to reduce the 
quantity of outdoor air as required to prevent coil frosting at the 
lowest step of compressor unloading. Individual direct-expansion units 
that have a cooling capacity of 180,000 Btu/h or less may use 
economizer controls that preclude economizer operation whenever 
mechanical cooling is required simultaneously.
    (b) Systems in climates with less than 750 average operating hours 
per year between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the ambient dry-bulb 
temperatures are between 55  deg.F and 69  deg.F inclusive.
    403.2.8.3  System design and economizer controls shall be such that 
economizer operation does not increase the building heating energy use 
during normal operation.
    403.2.9  Distribution System Construction and Insulation.
    403.2.9.1  Piping Insulation. All HVAC system piping shall be 
thermally insulated in accordance with Table 403.2.9.1. Exceptions are 
as follows:
    (a) Factory-installed piping within HVAC equipment tested and rated 
in accordance with subsection 403.1.
    (b) Piping that conveys fluids that have a design operating 
temperature range between 55 deg.F and 105 deg.F.
    (c) Piping that conveys fluids that have not been heated or cooled 
through the use of fossil fuels or electricity.

[[Page 40919]]



                                                   Table 403.2.9.1.--Minimum Pipe Insulation (in.) 5a                                                   
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Insulation conductivity a                              Nominal Pipe Diameter (in.)            
                                         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range (                                                  Mean Rating                                                     
                 deg.F)                     Conductivity Range Btu.in./(hft      Temp.         <1.0     1.0 to 1.25   1.5 to 3.0    4.0 to 6.0
                                                       2 deg.F)                  deg.F                                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Heating Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, and Hot Water) b, c                                             
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>350....................................  0.32-0.34...................................          250          1.0          1.5          1.5           2.5
251-350.................................  0.29-0.32...................................          200          1.0          1.0          1.5           2.0
201-250.................................  0.27-0.30...................................          150          1.0          1.0          1.0           1.5
141-200.................................  0.25-0.29...................................          125          1.0          1.0          1.0           1.5
105-140.................................  0.22-0.28...................................          100          0.5          0.5          0.75          1.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems                                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
105 and Greater.........................  0.22-0.28...................................          100          0.5          0.5          0.75          1.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant) d                                               
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40-55...................................  0.22-0.28...................................          100          0.5          0.5          0.5           0.5
Below 40................................  0.22-0.28...................................          100          0.5          0.5          0.5          0.5 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined as follows:                                       
                                                                                                                                                        
T = r{1 + t/r) K/k -1}                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                        
Where T = minimum insulation thickness (in), r = actual outside radius of pipe (in), t = insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid 
  temperature and pipe size, K = conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu.in/  
  hft 2 deg.F); and k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature.        
b These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Safety issues, such as insulation surface temperatures, have not been           
  considered.                                                                                                                                           
c Piping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run-outs when the control valve is located within four feet of the coil and   
  the pipe diameter is 1 inch or less.                                                                                                                  
d Note that the required minimum thickness does not take water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation into account.                       


                                                                       Table 403.2.9.2.--Minimum Duct Insulation R-value a                                                                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Cooling supply ducts                                                      Heating supply ducts                                         
                              ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------              
        Duct location           CDD65 500         thn-eq>1,000       thn-eq>2,000         eq>2,000           eq>1,500         thn-eq>4,500      thn-eq>7,500        eq>7,500                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior of Building.........  R-3.3..........  R-5.0............  R-6.5............  R-8.0............  R-3.3............  R-5.0............  R-6.5...........  R-8.0...........  R-5.0        
Ventilated Attic.............  R-3.3..........  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0...........  R-5.0...........  R-3.3        
Unvented Attic...............  R-5.0..........  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0...........  R-5.0...........  R-3.3        
Other Conditioned Spaces b...  R-3.3..........  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3...........  R-3.3...........  R-3.3        
Indirectly Conditioned Spaces  none...........  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3............  R-3.3...........  R-3.3...........  none         
 c.                                                                                                                                                                                             
Buried.......................  none...........  none.............  none.............  none.............  R-5.0............  R-5.0............  R-5.0...........  R-5.0...........  R-3.3        
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Insulation R-values, measured in (hft \2\ deg.F)/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum thickness do not consider  
  water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and condensation. For ducts that are designed to convey 
  both heated and cooled air, duct insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the
  most restrictive condition of this section or subsection 402. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with RS-6 at a mean temperature of 75  deg.F.                
b Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated.                                                                                                                                    
c Includes return air plenums, with and without exposed roofs above.                                                                                                                            

    403.2.9.2  Duct and Plenum Insulation. All supply and return air 
ducts and plenums installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system 
shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table 403.2.9.1. 
Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Factory-installed plenums, casings, or ductwork furnished as a 
part of the HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with 
subsection 403.1
    (b) Ducts within the conditioned space that they serve.
    403.2.9.3  Duct and Plenum Construction. All air-handling ductwork 
and plenums shall be constructed and erected in accordance with RS-34, 
RS-35, and RS-36. Where supply ductwork and plenums designed to operate 
at static pressures from 0.25 in. wc to 2 in. wc, inclusive, are 
located outside of the conditioned space or in return plenums, joints 
shall be sealed in accordance with Seal Class C as defined in RS-34. 
Pressure sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant where 
such ducts are designed to operate at static pressures of 1 in. wc, or 
greater.
    403.2.9.3.1  Ductwork designed to operate at static pressures in 
excess of 3 in. wc shall be leak-tested in accordance with Section 5 of 
RS-35, or equivalent. Test reports shall be provided in accordance with 
Section 6 of RS-35, or equivalent. The tested duct leakage class at a 
test pressure equal to the design duct pressure class rating shall be 
equal to or less than leakage Class 6 as defined in Section 4.1 of RS-

[[Page 40920]]

35. Representative sections totaling at least 25% of the total 
installed duct area for the designated pressure class shall be tested.
    403.2.10  Completion.
    403.2.10.1  Manuals. Construction documents shall require an 
operating and maintenance manual provided to the Federal Agency. The 
manual shall include, at a minimum, the following:
    (a) Submittal data stating equipment size and selected options for 
each piece of equipment requiring maintenance, including assumptions 
used in outdoor design calculations.
    (b) Operating and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment 
requiring maintenance. Required maintenance activity shall be 
specified.
    (c) Names and addresses of at least one qualified service agency to 
perform the required periodic maintenance shall be provided.
    (d) HVAC controls systems maintenance and calibration information, 
including wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence 
descriptions. Desired or field determined setpoints shall be 
permanently recorded on control drawings, at control devices, or, for 
digital control systems, in programming comments.
    (e) A complete narrative, prepared by the designer, of how each 
system is intended to operate shall be included with the construction 
documents.
    403.2.10.2  Drawings. Construction documents shall require that 
within 30 days after the date of system acceptance, record drawings of 
the actual installation be provided to the Federal agency. The drawings 
shall include details of the air barrier installation in every envelope 
component, demonstrating continuity of the air barrier at all joints 
and penetrations.
    403.2.10.3  Air System Balancing. Construction documents shall 
require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with the 
industry accepted procedures (such as National Environmental Balancing 
Bureau (NEBB) Procedural Standards, Associated Air Balance Council 
(AABC) National Standards, or ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 111). Air and water 
flow rates shall be measured and adjusted to deliver final flow rates 
within 10% of design rates, except variable flow distribution systems 
need not be balanced upstream of the controlling device (VAV box or 
control valve).
    403.2.10.3.1  Construction documents shall require a written 
balance report be provided to the Federal agency for HVAC systems 
serving zones with a total conditioned area exceeding 5,000 ft\2\.
    403.2.10.3.2  Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first 
minimize throttling losses, then fan speed shall be adjusted to meet 
design flow conditions or equivalent procedures. Exception: Damper 
throttling may be used for air system balancing;
    (a) With fan motors of 1 hp (0.746 kW) or less, or
    (b) Of throttling results in no greater than \1/3\ hp (0.248 kW) 
fan horsepower draw above that required if the fan speed were adjusted.
    403.2.10.4  Hydronic System Balancing. Hydronic systems shall be 
balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses; then the pump 
impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet 
design flow conditions. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Pumps with pump motors of 10 hp (7.46 kW) or less.
    (b) If throttling results in no greater than 3 hp (2.23 kW) pump 
horsepower draw above that required if the impeller were trimmed.
    (c) To reserve additional pump pressure capability in open circuit 
piping systems subject to fouling. Valve throttling pressure drop shall 
not exceed that expected for future fouling.
    403.2.10.5  Control System Testing. HVAC control systems shall be 
tested to assure that control elements are calibrated, adjusted, and in 
proper working condition. For projects larger than 50,000 ft\2\ 
conditioned area, detailed instructions for commissioning HVAC systems 
shall be provided by the designer in plans and specifications.


Sec. 434.404  Building service systems and equipment.

    404.1  Service Water Heating Equipment Efficiency. Equipment must 
satisfy the minimum performance efficiency specified in Table 404.1when 
tested in accordance with RS-37, RS-38, or RS-39. Omission of equipment 
from Table 404.1 shall not preclude the use of such equipment. Service 
water heating equipment used to provide additional function of space 
heating as part of a combination (integrated) system shall satisfy all 
stated requirements for the service water heating equipment. All gas-
fired storage water heaters that are not equipped with a flue damper 
and use indoor air for combustion or draft hood dilution and that are 
installed in a conditioned space, shall be equipped with a vent damper 
listed in accordance with RS-42. Unless the water heater has an 
available electrical supply, the installation of such a vent damper 
shall not require an electrical connection.

                                              Table 404.1.--Minimum Performance of Water Heating Equipment                                              
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          Input to                                             Thermal                  
   Category          Type         Fuel       Input Rating         VT      VT ratio      Test method a       Energy factor    efficiency  Standby loss  %/
                                                                          Btuh/gal                                               Et%            HR      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAECA covered   All             Electri  12 kW      All c                DOE Test Procedure    0.93-0                             
 water heating  Storage          c       75,000     All c                 10 CFR, Part 430               .00132V                             
 equipment b    Instantaneous   Gas       Btuh                 All                   (RS-37)              0.62-0                             
                Storage         Gas      200,000    All                                                   .0019V                             
                Instantaneous   Oil       Btuh c               All                                        0.62-0                             
                                Oil      105,000                                                          .0019V                             
                                          Btuh                                                            0.59-0                             
                                         210,000                                                          .0019V                             
                                          Btuh                                                            0.59-0                             
                                                                                                                     .0019V                             
                Pool heater     Gas/oil  All                   All                  ANSI Z21.56 (RS-38)                      78                 
Other water     Storage         Electri  All                   All                  ANSI Z21.10.3 (RS-                                   0.30
 heating        Storage/         c       155,000    All          <4,000   39)                                     T
 Equipment d     instantaneous  Gas/oil   Btuh                 All          <4,000                                                  >78  1.3+
                                         >155,000 Btuh         <10       T
                                                               78  1.3+
                                                                e10      T
                                                                            q4,000                                                  >80                 
                                                                                                                             2.3+
                                                                                                                                    >77            67/VT
Unfired                                                                        All                                                        6.5
 storage tanks                                                                                                                                  Btuh/ft2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a For detailed references see Sec.  434.500.                                                                                                            
b Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987.                                                                           
c DOE Test Procedures apply to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes 20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters with 
  input ratings of 50,000 to 200,000 Btuh.                                                                                                              
d All except those water heaters covered by NAECA.                                                                                                      


[[Page 40921]]


    404.1.1  Testing Electric and Oil Storage Water Heaters for Standby 
Loss.
    (a) When testing an electric storage water heater, the procedures 
of Z21.10.3-1990 (RS-39), Section 2.9, shall be used. The electrical 
supply voltage shall be maintained with 1% of the center of 
the voltage range specified on the water heater nameplate. Also, when 
needed for calculations, the thermal efficiency (Et) shall be 98%. 
When testing an oil-fired water heater, the procedures of Z21.10.3-1990 
(RS-39), Sections 2.8 and 2.9, shall be used.
    (b) The following modifications shall be made: A vertical length of 
flue pipe shall be connected to the flue gas outlet of sufficient 
height to establish the minimum draft specified in the manufacturer's 
installation instructions. All measurements of oil consumption shall be 
taken by instruments with an accuracy of 1% or better. The 
burner rate shall be adjusted to achieve an hourly Btu input rate 
within 2% of the manufacturer's specified input rate with 
the CO2 reading as specified by the manufacturer with smoke no 
greater than 1 and the fuel pump pressure within 1% of the 
manufacturer's specification.
    404.1.2  Unfired Storage Tanks. The heat loss of the tank surface 
area Btu/(hft2) shall be based on an 80 deg.F water-air 
temperature difference.
    404.1.3  Storage Volume Symbols in Table 404.1. The symbol ``V'' is 
the rated storage volume in gallons as specified by the manufacturer. 
The symbol ``VT'' is the storage volume in gallons as measured 
during the test to determine the standby loss. VT may differ from 
V, but it is within tolerances allowed by the applicable Z21 and 
Underwriters Laboratories standards. Accordingly, for the purpose of 
estimating the standby loss requirement using the rated volume shown on 
the rating plate, VT should be considered as no less than 0.95V 
for gas and oil water heaters and no less than 0.90V for electric water 
heaters.
    404.2  Service Hot Water Piping Insulation. Circulating system 
piping and noncirculating systems without heat traps, the first eight 
feet of outlet piping from a constant-temperature noncirculating 
storage system, and the inlet pipe between the storage tank and a heat 
trap in a noncirculating storage system shall meet the provisions of 
subsection 403.2.9.
    404.2.1  Vertical risers serving storage water heaters not having 
an integral heat trap and serving a noncirculating system shall have 
heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as practical to 
the water heater.
    404.3  Service Water Heating System Controls. Temperature controls 
that allow for storage temperature adjustment from 110 deg.F to a 
temperature compatible with the intended use shall be provided in 
systems serving residential dwelling units and from 90 deg.F for other 
systems. When designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water 
pipes, such as circulating hot water systems or heat trace, the system 
shall be equipped with automatic time switches or other controls that 
can be set to turn off the system.
    404.3.1  The outlet temperature of lavatories in public facility 
restrooms shall be limited to 110 deg.F.
    404.4  Water Conservation. Shower heads and lavatories labeled as 
meeting the requirements of the Energy Policy Act (Pub. L 102-486) 
shall be used.
    404.4.1  Lavatories in public facility restrooms shall be equipped 
with a foot switch, occupancy sensor, or similar device or, in other 
than lavatories for physically handicapped persons, limit hot water 
delivery to 0.25 gal/cycle for circulating systems and 0.50 gal/cycle 
for noncirculating systems.
    404.5  Swimming Pools. All pool heaters shall be equipped with a 
readily accessible on-off switch.
    404.5.1  Time switches shall be installed on electric heaters and 
pumps. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) Pumps required to operate solar or heat recovery pool heating 
systems.
    (b) Where public health requirements require 24-hour pump 
operation.
    404.5.2  Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with pool covers. 
Exception: When over 70% of the annual energy for heating is obtained 
from a site-recovered or site-solar energy source.
    404.6  Combined Service Water Heating and Space Heating Equipment. 
A single piece of equipment shall not be used to provide both space 
heating and service water heating. Exceptions are as follows:
    (a) The energy input or storage volume of the combined boiler or 
water heater is less than twice the energy input or storage volume of 
the smaller of the separate boilers or water heaters otherwise required 
or
    (b) the input to the combined boiler is less than 150,000 Btuh.

Subpart E--Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative


Sec. 434.501  General.

    501.1  This subpart E permits the use of the Building Energy Cost 
Compliance Alternative as an alternative to many elements of Subpart D 
of this part. When this subpart is used, it must be used with Subpart C 
and Subpart D of this part, 401.1, 401.2, 401.3.4 and in conjunction 
with the minimum requirements found in subsections 402.1, 402.2, and 
402.3., 403.1, 403.2.1-7, 403.9 and 404.
    501.2  Compliance. Compliance under this method requires detailed 
energy analyses of the entire Proposed Design, referred to as the 
Design Energy Consumption; an estimate of annual energy cost for the 
proposed design, referred to as the Design Energy Cost; and comparison 
against an Energy Cost Budget. Compliance is achieved when the 
estimated Design Energy Cost is less than or equal to the Energy Cost 
Budget. This subpart provides instructions for determining the Energy 
Cost Budget and for calculating the Design Energy Consumption and 
Design Energy Cost. The Energy Cost Budget shall be determined through 
the calculation of monthly energy consumption and energy cost of a 
Prototype or Reference Building design configured to meet the 
requirements of subsections 401 through 404.
    501.3  Designers are encouraged to employ the Building Energy Cost 
Budget compliance method set forth in this section for evaluating 
proposed design alternatives to using the elements prescribed in 
subpart D of this part. The Building Energy Cost Budget establishes the 
relative effectiveness of each design alternative in energy cost 
savings, providing an energy cost basis upon which the building owner 
and designer may select one design over another. This Energy Cost 
Budget is the highest allowable calculated energy cost for a specific 
building design. Other alternative designs are likely to have lower 
annual energy costs and life cycle costs than those used to minimally 
meet the Energy Cost Budget.
    501.4  The Energy Cost Budget is a numerical reference for annual 
energy cost. Its purpose is to assure neutrality with respect to 
choices such as HVAC system type, architectural design and fuel choice 
by providing a fixed, repeatable budget that is independent of any of 
these choices wherever possible (i.e., for the prototype buildings). 
The Energy Cost Budget for a given building size and type will vary 
only with climate, the number of stories, and the choice of simulation 
tool. The specifications of the prototypes are necessary to assure 
repeatability, but have no other significance. They are not necessarily 
recommended energy conserving practice, or even physically reasonable 
practice for some climates or buildings, but represent a reasonable 
worst case of energy cost resulting from

[[Page 40922]]

compliance with the provisions of subsections 401 through 404.


Sec. 434.502  Determination of the annual energy cost budget.

    502.1  The annual Energy Cost Budgets shall be determined in 
accordance with the Prototype Building Procedure in Sec. 434.503 and 
Sec. 434.504 or the Reference Building Procedure in Sec. 434.505. Both 
methods calculate an annual Energy Cost by summing the 12 monthly 
Energy Cost Budgets. Each monthly Energy Cost Budget is the product of 
the monthly Building Energy Consumption of each type of energy used 
multiplied by the monthly Energy Cost per unit of energy for each type 
of energy used.
    502.2  The Energy Cost Budget shall be determined in accordance 
with Equation 502.2.a as follows:

ECB=ECBjan+ . . . ECBm+ . . . +ECBdec  (Equation 
502.2.a)

Based on:

ECBm=BECONm11xECOSm1+ . . . +BECONmixECOSmi  
(Equation 502.2.b)

Where:

ECB=The annual Energy Cost Budget
ECBm=The monthly Energy Cost Budget
BECONmi=The monthly Budget Energy Consumption of the ith type 
of energy
ECOSmi=The monthly Energy Cost, per unit of the ith type of 
energy

    502.3  The monthly Energy Cost Budget shall be determined using 
current rate schedules or contract prices available at the building 
site for all types of energy purchased. These costs shall include 
demand charges, rate blocks, time of use rates, interruptible service 
rates, delivery charges, taxes, and all other applicable rates for the 
type, location, operation, and size of the proposed design. The monthly 
Budget Energy Consumption shall be calculated from the first day 
through the last day of each month, inclusive.


Sec. 434.503  Prototype building procedure.

    503.1  The Prototype Building procedure shall be used for all 
building types listed below. For mixed-use buildings the Energy Cost 
Budget is derived by allocating the floor space of each building type 
within the floor space of the prototype building. For buildings not 
listed below, the Reference Building procedure of Sec. 434.505 shall be 
used. Prototype buildings include:

(a) Assembly;
(b) Office (Business);
(c) Retail (Mercantile);
(d) Warehouse (Storage);
(e) School (Educational);
(f) Hotel/Motel;
(g) Restaurant;
(h) Health/Institutional; and
(i) Multi-Family.


Sec. 434.504  Use of the prototype building to determine the energy 
cost budget.

    504.1  Determine the building type of the Proposed Design using the 
categories in subsection 503.1. Using the appropriate Prototype 
Building characteristics from all of the tables contained in this 
subpart E, the building shall be simulated using the same gross floor 
area and number of floors for the Prototype Building as in the Proposed 
Design.
    504.2  The form, orientation, occupancy and use profiles for the 
Prototype Building shall be fixed as described in subsection 511. 
Envelope, lighting, other internal loads and HVAC systems and equipment 
shall meet the requirements of subsections 301, 401, 402, 403, and 404 
and are standardized inputs.


Sec. 434.505  Reference building method.

    505.1  The Reference Building procedure shall be used only when the 
Proposed Design cannot be represented by one or a combination of the 
Prototype Building listed in subsection 503.1 or the assumptions for 
the Prototype Building in Subsection 510, such as occupancy and use-
profiles, do not reasonably represent the Proposed Design.


Sec. 434.506   Use of the reference building to determine the energy 
cost budget.  

    506.1 Each floor shall be oriented in the same manner for the 
Reference Building as in the Proposed Design. The form, gross and 
conditioned floor areas of each floor and the number of floors shall be 
the same as in the Proposed Design. All other characteristics, such as 
lighting, envelope and HVAC systems and equipment, shall meet the 
requirements of subsections 301, 401, 402, 403 and 404.


Sec. 434.507  Calculation procedure and simulation tool.

    507.1  The Prototype or Reference Buildings shall be modeled using 
the criteria of subsections 510 and 521. The modeling shall use a 
climate data set appropriate for both the site and the complexity of 
the energy conserving features of the design. ASHRAE Weather Year for 
Energy Calculations (WYEC) data or bin weather data shall be used in 
the absence of other appropriate data.


Sec. 434.508  Determination of the design energy consumption and design 
energy cost.

    508.1  The Design Energy Consumption shall be calculated by 
modeling the Proposed Design using the same methods, assumptions, 
climate data, and simulation tool as were used to establish the Energy 
Cost Budget, except as explicitly stated in subsections 509 through 
534. The Design Energy Cost shall be calculated per Equation 508.1.

BILLING CODE 6450-01-P

[[Page 40923]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06AU96.003



BILLING CODE 6450-01-C

[[Page 40924]]

Sec. 434.509  Compliance.

    509.1  If the Design Energy Cost is less than or equal to the 
Energy Cost Budget, and all of the minimum requirements of subsection 
501.2 are met, the Proposed Design complies with the standards.


Sec. 434.510  Standard calculation procedure.

    510.1  The Standard Calculation Procedure consists of methods and 
assumptions for calculating the Energy Cost Budget for the Prototype or 
Reference Building and the Design Energy Consumption and Design Energy 
Cost of the Proposed Design. In order to maintain consistency between 
the Energy Cost Budget and the Design Energy Cost, the input 
assumptions to be used are stated below. These inputs shall be used to 
determine the Energy Cost Budget and the Design Energy Consumption.
    510.2  Prescribed assumptions shall be used without variation. 
Default assumptions shall be used unless the designer can demonstrate 
that a different assumption better characterizes the building's energy 
use over its expected life. The default assumptions shall be used in 
modeling both the Prototype or Reference Building and the Proposed 
Design, unless the designer demonstrates clear cause to modify these 
assumptions. Special procedures for speculative buildings are discussed 
in subsection 503. Shell buildings may not use Subpart E.


Sec. 434.511  Orientation and shape.

    511.1  The Prototype Building shall consist of the same number of 
stories, and gross and conditioned floor area as the Proposed Design, 
with equal area per story. The building shape shall be rectangular, 
with a 2.5:1 aspect ratio. The long dimensions of the building shall 
face East and West. The fenestration shall be uniformly distributed in 
proportion to exterior wall area. Floor-to-floor height for the 
Prototype Building shall be 13 ft. except for dwelling units in hotels/
motels and multi-family high-rise residential buildings where floor-to-
floor height shall be 9.5 ft.
    511.2  The Reference Building shall consist of the same number of 
stories, and gross floor area for each story as the Proposed Design. 
Each floor shall be oriented in the same manner as the Proposed Design. 
The geometric form shall be the same as the Proposed Design.


Sec. 434.512  Internal loads.

    512.1  The systems and types of energy specified in this section 
are provided only for purposes of calculating the Energy Cost Budget. 
They are not requirements for either systems or the type of energy to 
be used in the Proposed Design or for calculation of Design Energy 
Cost.
    512.2  Internal loads for multi-family high-rise residential 
buildings are prescribed in Tables 512.2.a and b, Multi-Family High 
Rise Residential Building Schedules. Internal loads for other building 
types shall be modeled as noted in this subsection.

Table 512.2.a.--Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings Schedules--
                         One-Zone Dwelling Unit                         
                [Internal Loads Per Dwelling Unit Btu/h]                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Occupants         Lights         Equipment     
       Hour       ------------------------------------------------------
                    Sensible    Latent    Sensible   Sensible    Latent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................        300        260          0        750        110
2................        300        260          0        750        110
3................        300        260          0        750        110
4................        300        260          0        750        110
5................        300        260          0        750        110
6................        300        260          0        750        110
7................        300        260          0        750        110
8................        210        260        980       1250        190
9................        100         80        840       2600        420
10...............        100         80          0       1170        180
11...............        100         80          0       1270        190
12...............        100         80          0       2210        330
13...............        100         80          0       2210        330
14...............        100         80          0       1270        190
15...............        100         80          0       1270        190
16...............        100         80          0       1270        190
17...............        100         80          0       1270        190
18...............        300        260          0       3040        450
19...............        300        260          0       3360        500
20...............        300        260        960       1490        220
21...............        300        260        960       1490        220
22...............        300        260        960       1490        220
23...............        300        260        960       1060        160
24...............        300        260        960       1060        160
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 40925]]



          Table 512.2.b.--Multi-Family High Rise Residential Building Schedules--Two-Zone Dwelling Unit         
                                    [Internal Loads Per Dwelling Unit Btu/h]                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Bedrooms and bathrooms                                Other rooms                 
                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Hour            Occupants       Lights       Equipment          Occupants       Lights       Equipment    
                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Sensible   Latent  Sensible  Sensible   Latent  Sensible   Latent  Sensible  Sensible   Latent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1                      300      260         0       100       20         0        0         0       650       90
2                      300      260         0       100       20         0        0         0       650       90
3                      300      260         0       100       20         0        0         0       650       90
4                      300      260         0       100       20         0        0         0       650       90
5                      300      260         0       100       20         0        0         0       650       90
6                      300      260         0       100       20         0        0         0       650       90
7                      200      180       680       200       40       100       80       300      1050      150
8                      110      120       240       200       40       100       80       600      2400      380
9                        0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      1070      160
0                        0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      1170      170
0                        0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      1170      170
0                        0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      2110      310
0                        0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      2110      310
14..............         0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      1170      170
15..............         0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      1170      170
16..............         0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      1170      170
17..............         0        0         0       100       20       100       80         0      1170      170
18..............         0        0         0       100       20       300      260         0      2940      430
19..............         0        0         0       100       20       300      260         0      3260      480
20..............       100       80       320       300       60       200      180       640      1190      160
21..............       100       80       320       300       60       200      180       640      1190      160
22..............       150      130       480       700       90       150      130       480       790      130
23..............       300      260       640       410       70         0        0       320       650       90
24..............       300      260       640       410       70         0        0       320       650       90
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 434.513  Occupancy.

    513.1  Occupancy schedules are default assumptions. The same 
assumptions shall be made in computing Design Energy Consumption as 
were used in calculating the Energy Cost Budget.
    513.2  Table 513.2.a, Occupancy Density, establishes the density, 
in ft \2\/person of conditioned floor area, to be used for each 
building type. Table 513.2.b, Building Schedule Percentage Multipliers, 
establishes the percentage of total occupants in the building by hour 
of the day for each building type.

                    Table 513.2.a.--Occupancy Density                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Conditioned
                       Building type                         floor area 
                                                               Ft \2\/  
---------------------------------------------------------------person---
Assembly..................................................            50
Office....................................................           275
Retail....................................................           300
Warehouse.................................................         15000
School....................................................            75
Hotel/Motel...............................................           250
Restaurant, Health/Institutional..........................           100
Multi-family High-rise Residential........................           200
                                                              2 per unit
                                                                    \1\ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Heat generation: Btu/h per person: 230 Btu/h per person sensible,   
  and 190 Btu/h per person latent. See Table 513.2.                     


                                                                    Table 513.2.b.--Building Schedule Percentage Multipliers                                                                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                           1. ASSEMBLY                                                                                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   20   20   20   80   80   80   80   80   80   20   20   20   20    0    0
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   20   20   20   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   10   10   10   10   70   70   70   70   70   70   70   70   70    0    0
ASSEMBLY..................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0   40   40   40   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75    0    0
LTNG & RECEP..............................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   30   30   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   30   30   30   30   30   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65    0    0
ASSEMBLY..................................  WEEKDAY.....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off
HVAC......................................  SATURDAY....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off
                                            SUNDAY......................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off
ASSEMBLY..................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    5    5   35    5    5    5    5    5    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    5    5   20    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   65   30    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    5    5   10    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   65   30    0    0    0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                            2. OFFICE                                                                                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   20   95   95   45   45   95   95   95   95   95   30   10   10   10    0    0
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   10   30   30   30   30   10   10   10   10   10    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
OFFICE....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   30   90   90   90   80   90   90   90   90   90   90   30   30   20   20    0    0
LTNG & RECEP..............................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   30   30   30   30   15   15   15   15   15   15   15    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
OFFICE....................................  WEEKDAY.....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off
HVAC......................................  SATURDAY....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off
                                            SUNDAY......................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off
OFFICE....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   15   30   35   35   45   55   50   30   30   40   20   20   10   15    5    0    0

[[Page 40926]]

                                                                                                                                                                                                
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   10   20   15   20   15   15   10   10   10    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                            3. RETAIL                                                                                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   20   20   20   80   80   80   80   80   80   20   20   20   20    0    0
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   20   20   20   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60   60    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   10   10   10   10   70   70   70   70   70   70   70   70   70    0    0
RETAIL....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0   40   40   40   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75   75    0    0
LTNG & RECEP..............................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   30   30   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50   50    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   30   30   30   30   30   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65   65    0    0
RETAIL....................................  WEEKDAY.....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off
HVAC......................................  SATURDAY....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off  Off
                                            SUNDAY......................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off
RETAIL....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   20   30   40   55   60   60   45   40   45   45   40   30   30    0    0    0
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   15   20   25   40   50   55   55   45   45   45   45   40   35   25   20    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   25   30   35   35   30   30   35   30   20    0    0    0    0    0
                                            WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   15   70   90   90   90   50   85   85   85   20    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                          4. WAREHOUSE                                                                                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   20   20   20   10   10   10   10    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
WAREHOUSE.................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   40   70   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
LTNG & RECEP..............................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   25   25   25   10   10   10   10    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
WAREHOUSE.................................  WEEKDAY.....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off
HVAC......................................  SATURDAY....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off
                                            SUNDAY......................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off
WAREHOUSE.................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    5   25   35   35   45   55   50   35   50   15    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   10   15    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                            5. SCHOOL                                                                                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            WEEKDAY.....................  ...  ...  ...    0    0    0    0    5   75   90   90   80   80   80   80   45   15    5   15   20   20   10    0    0
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   10   10   10   10    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
SCHOOL....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   30   85   95   95   95   80   80   80   70   50   50   35   35   35   30    0    0
LTNG&RECEP................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   15   15   15   15   15    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
SCHOOL....................................  WEEKDAY.....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
HVAC......................................  SATURDAY....................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
                                            SUNDAY......................  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
SCHOOL....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    5   30   55   60   70   75   80   60   60    5    5   15   20   20   20   20    0
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            WEEKDAY.....................   90   90   90   90   90   90   70   40   40   20   20   20   20   20   20   30   50   50   50   70   70   80   90   90
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                         6. HOTEL/MOTEL                                                                                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................   90   90   90   90   90   90   70   50   50   30   30   30   30   30   30   30   30   50   60   60   60   70   70   70
                                            SUNDAY......................   70   70   70   70   70   70   70   70   50   50   50   30   20   20   20   20   30   40   40   60   60   80   80   80
HOTEL/MOTEL...............................  WEEKDAY.....................   20   15   10   10   10   20   40   50   40   40   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   60   80   90   80   60   30
LTNG&RECEP................................  SATURDAY....................   20   20   10   10   10   10   30   30   40   40   30   25   25   25   25   25   25   25   60   70   70   70   60   30
                                            SUNDAY......................   30   30   20   20   20   20   30   40   40   30   30   30   30   20   20   20   20   20   50   70   80   60   50   30
HOTEL/MOTEL...............................  WEEKDAY.....................   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
HVAC......................................  SATURDAY....................   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
                                            SUNDAY......................   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
HOTEL/MOTEL...............................  WEEKDAY.....................   20   15   15   15   20   25   50   60   55   45   40   45   40   35   30   30   30   40   55   60   50   55   45   25
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................   20   15   15   15   20   25   40   50   50   50   45   50   50   45   40   40   34   40   55   55   50   55   40   25
                                            SUNDAY......................   25   20   20   20   20   30   50   50   50   55   50   50   40   40   40   30   30   40   50   50   40   50   40   30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                          7. RESTAURANT                                                                                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            WEEKDAY.....................   15   15    5    0    0    0    0    5    5    5   20   50   80   70   40   20   25   50   80   80   80   50   35   20
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................   30   25    5    0    0    0    0    0    5    5   20   45   50   50   35   30   30   30   70   90   70   65   55   35
                                            SUNDAY......................   20   20    5    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   25   25   15   20   25   35   55   65   70   35   20   20
RESTAURANT................................  WEEKDAY.....................   15   15   15   15   15   20   40   40   60   60   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   50   30
LTNG & RECEP..............................  SATURDAY....................   20   15   15   15   15   15   30   30   60   60   80   80   80   80   80   80   80   90   90   90   90   90   50   30
                                            SUNDAY......................   20   15   15   15   15   15   30   30   50   70   70   70   70   70   70   70   60   60   60   60   60   60   50   30
RESTAURANT................................  WEEKDAY.....................   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
HVAC......................................  SATURDAY....................   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
                                            SUNDAY......................   On   On   On  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off  Off   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
RESTAURANT................................  WEEKDAY.....................   20   15   15    0    0    0    0   60   55   45   40   45   40   35   30   30   30   40   55   60   50   55   45   25
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................   20   15   15    0    0    0    0    0    0   50   45   50   50   45   40   40   35   40   55   55   50   55   40   30
                                            SUNDAY......................   25   20   20    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   50   50   40   40   30   30   30   40   50   50   40   50   40   20
                                            WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   50   80   80   80   80   80   80   80   80   50   30   30   20   20    0    0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                            8. HEALTH                                                                                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OCCUPANCY.................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   30   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   10   10    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    5    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
HEALTH....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   50   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   90   30   30   30   30   30    0    0
LTNG & RECEP..............................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   40   10    0    0    0    0    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10   10   10   10   10   10   10   10    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0
                                            WEEKDAY.....................   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
                                            SATURDAY....................   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
                                            SUNDAY......................   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On   On
HEALTH....................................  WEEKDAY.....................    0    0    0    5    5    5   80   70   50   40   20   20   25   25   50   50   70   70   35   20   15   15    5    0
SWH.......................................  SATURDAY....................    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   45   50   50   35   30   30   30   70   90   70   65   55   35   30   25    5    0
                                            SUNDAY......................    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   20   25   25   15   20   25   35   55   65   70   35   20   20   20   20    5   0 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES FOR TABLE 513.2.2                                                                                                                                                                         
(1) Reference: Recommendations for Energy Conservation Standards and Guidelines for New Commercial Buildings, Vol. III, App. A Pacific Northwest Laboratory, PNL-4870-8, 1983.''                

[[Page 40927]]

                                                                                                                                                                                                
(2) Table 513.2.1 contains multipliers for converting the nominal values for building occupancy (Table 514.2.1), receptacle power density (Table 516.2) service hot water (Table), and lighting 
  energy (Sec.  434.515) into time series data for estimating building loads under the Standard Calculation Procedure.''                                                                        
(3) ``For each standard building profile there are three series--one each for weekdays, Saturday and Sunday. There are 24 elements per series. These represent the multiplier that should be    
  used to estimate building loads from 12 a.m. to 1 a.m. (series element #1) through 11 p.m. to 12 a.m. (series element #24). The estimated load for any hour is simply the multiplier from the 
  appropriate standard profile multiplied by the appropriate value from the tables cited above.''                                                                                               
(4) The Building HVAC System Schedule listed in Table 514.2.2 lists the hours when the HVAC system shall be considered ``on'' or ``off'' in accordance with Sec.  434.514.''                    




Sec. 434.514  Lighting.

    514.1  Interior Lighting Power Allowance (ILPA), for calculating 
the Energy Cost Budget shall be determined from subsection 401.3.2. The 
lighting power used to calculate the Design Energy Consumption shall be 
the actual adjusted power for lighting in the Proposed Design. If the 
lighting controls in the Proposed Design are more effective at saving 
energy than those required by subsection 401.3.1 and 401.3.2, the 
actual installed lighting power shall be used along with the schedules 
reflecting the action of the controls to calculate the Design Energy 
Consumption. This actual installed lighting power shall not be adjusted 
by the Power Adjustment Factors listed in Table 514.1.

               Table 514.1.--Power Adjustment Factor (PAF)              
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Standard
                  Automatic control device(s)                      PAF  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Occupancy Sensor..........................................      0.30
(2) Daylight Sensing Continuous Dimming.......................      0.30
(3) Daylight Sensing Multiple Step Dimming....................      0.20
(4) Daylight Sensing On/Off...................................      0.10
(5) Lumen Maintenance.........................................      0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    514.2  Table 513.2.2 establishes default assumptions for the 
percentage of the lighting load switched-on in each Prototype or 
Reference Building by hour of the day. These default assumptions can be 
changed when calculating the Energy Cost Budget to provide, for 
example, a 12-hour rather than an 8-hour workday.


Sec. 434.515  Receptacles.

    515.1  Receptacle loads and profiles are default assumptions. The 
same assumptions shall be made in calculating Design Energy Consumption 
as were used in calculating the Energy Cost Budget.
    515.2  Receptacle loads include all general service loads that are 
typical in a building. These loads exclude any process electrical usage 
and HVAC primary or auxiliary electrical usage. Table 515.2, Receptacle 
Power Densities, establishes the density, in W/ft2, to be used for 
each building type. The receptacle energy profiles shall be the same as 
the lighting energy profiles in Table 513.2. This profile establishes 
the percentage of the receptacle load that is switched on by hour of 
the day and by building type.

                Table 515.2.--Receptable Power Densities                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              W/ft\2\ of
                        Building type                        conditioned
                                                              floor area
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly...................................................       0.25  
Office.....................................................       0.75  
Retail.....................................................       0.25  
Warehouse..................................................        0.1  
School.....................................................        0.5  
Hotel/Motel................................................       0.25  
Restaurant.................................................        0.1  
Health.....................................................        1.0  
Multi-family High Rise Residential.........................      (\1\)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Included in Lights and Equipment portions of Table 513.2.           

Sec. 434.516  Building exterior envelope.

    516.1  Insulation and Glazing. The insulation and glazing 
characteristics of the Prototype and Reference Building envelope shall 
be determined by using the first column under ``Base Case'', with no 
assumed overhangs, for the appropriate Alternate Component Tables (ACP) 
in Table 402.4.1.2, as defined by climate range. The insulation and 
glazing characteristics from this ACP are prescribed assumptions for 
Prototype and Reference Buildings for calculating the Energy Cost 
Budget. In calculating the Design Energy Consumption of the Proposed 
Design, the envelope characteristics of the Proposed Design shall be 
used.
    516.2  Infiltration. For Prototype and Reference Buildings, the 
infiltration assumptions in subsection 516.2.1 shall be prescribed 
assumptions for calculating the Energy Cost Budget and default 
assumptions for the Design Energy Consumption. Infiltration shall 
impact perimeter zones only.
    516.2.1  When the HVAC system is switched ``on,'' no infiltration 
shall be assumed. When the HVAC system is switched ``off,'' the 
infiltration rate for buildings with or without operable windows shall 
be assumed to be 0.038 cfm/ft\2\ of gross exterior wall. Hotels/motels 
and multi-family high-rise residential buildings shall have 
infiltration rates of 0.038 cfm/ft\2\ of gross exterior wall area at 
all times.
    516.3  Envelope and Ground Absorptivities. For Prototype and 
Reference Buildings, absorptivity assumptions shall be prescribed 
assumptions for computing the Energy Cost Budget and default 
assumptions for computing the Design Energy Consumption. The solar 
absorptivity of opaque elements of the building envelope is assumed to 
be 70%. The solar absorptivity of ground surfaces is assumed to be 80% 
(20% reflectivity).
    516.4  Window Management. For the Prototype and Reference Building, 
window management drapery assumptions shall be prescribed assumptions 
for setting the Energy Cost Budget. No draperies shall be the default 
assumption for computing the Design Energy Consumption. Glazing is 
assumed to be internally shaded by medium-weight draperies, closed one-
half time. The draperies shall be modeled by assuming that one-half the 
area in each zone is draped and one-half is not. If manually-operated 
draperies, shades, or blinds are to be used in the Proposed Design, the 
Design Energy Consumption shall be calculated by assuming they are 
effective over one-half the glazing area in each zone.
    516.5  Shading. For Prototype and Reference buildings and the 
Proposed Design, shading by permanent structures, terrain, and 
vegetation shall be taken into account for computing energy 
consumption, whether or not these features are located on the building 
site. A permanent fixture is one that is likely to remain for the life 
of the Proposed Design.


Sec. 434.517  HVAC systems and equipment

    517.1  The specifications and requirements for the HVAC systems of 
the Prototype and Reference Buildings shall be those in Table 517.1.1, 
HVAC Systems for Prototype and Reference Buildings. For the calculation 
of the Design Energy Consumption, the HVAC systems and equipment of the 
Proposed Design shall be used.
    517.2  The systems and types of energy presented in Table 517.1.1 
are assumptions for calculating the Energy Cost Budget. They are not 
requirements for either systems or the type of energy to be used in the 
Proposed Building or for the calculation of the Design Energy Cost.

[[Page 40928]]



                      Table 517.1.1.--HVAC Systems of Prototype and Reference Buildings 1,2                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Building/space occupancy               System No. (Table 517.4.1)          Remarks (Table 517.4.1)    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly...................................  1                                                                  
    a. Churches (any size).................  1 or 3...........................  Note 1.                         
    b. 50,000 ft \2\ or 3 floors.                                                                                               
    c. >50,000 ft \2\ or >3 floors.........                                                                     
Office:                                                                                                         
    a. 20,000 ft \2\............  1                                                                  
    b. 50,000 ft \2\ and either   4                                                                  
     3 floors or 75,000 ft \2\.                                                                                          
    c. <75,000 ft \2\ or >3 floors.........  5                                                                  
Retail:                                                                                                         
    a. 50,000 ft \2\............  1 or 3...........................  Note 1.                         
    b. >50,000 ft \2\......................  4 or 5...........................  Note 1.                         
Warehouse..................................  1................................  Note 1.                         
School:                                                                                                         
    a. 75,000 ft \2\ or 3 floors.                                                                                               
    b. >75,000 ft \2\ or >3 floors.........  3                                                                  
Hotel/Motel:                                                                                                    
    a. 3 stories................  2 or 7...........................  Note 5, 7.                      
    b. >3 stories..........................  6................................  Note 6.                         
Restaurant.................................  1 or 3...........................  Note 1.                         
Health:                                                                                                         
    a. Nursing Home (any size).............  2 or 7...........................  Note 7.                         
    b. 15,000 ft\2\.............  1                                                                  
    c. >15,000 ft \2\ or 50,000   4................................  Note 2.                         
     ft \2\.                                                                                                    
    d. >50,000 ft \2\......................  5................................  Note 2, 3.                      
Multi-family High Rise Residential >3        7                                                                  
 stories.                                                                                                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Space and Service Water Heating budget calculations shall be made using both electricity and natural gas.   
  The Energy Cost Budget shall be the lower of these two calculations. If natural gas is not available at the   
  rate, electricity and #2 fuel oil shall be used for the budget calculations.                                  
\2\ The system and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for 
  the proposed design. Floor areas below are the total conditioned floor areas for the listed occupance type in 
  the building. The number of floors indicated below is the total number of occupied floors for the listed      
  occupancy type.                                                                                               

    517.3  HVAC Zones. HVAC zones for calculating the Energy Cost 
Budget of the Prototype or Reference Building shall consist of at least 
four perimeter and one interior zones per floor. Prototype Buildings 
shall have one perimeter zone facing each cardinal direction. The 
perimeter zones of Prototype and Reference Buildings shall be 15 ft in 
width, or one-third the narrow dimension of the building, when this 
dimension is between 30 ft and 45 ft inclusive, or one-half the narrow 
dimension of the building when this dimension is less than 30 ft. 
Zoning requirements shall be a default assumption for calculating the 
Energy Cost Budget. For multi-family high-rise residential buildings, 
the prototype building shall have one zone per dwelling unit. The 
proposed design shall have one zone per unit unless zonal thermostatic 
controls are provided within units; in this case, two zones per unit 
shall be modeled. Building types such as assembly or warehouse may be 
modeled as a single zone if there is only one space.
    517.4  For calculating the Design Energy Consumption, no fewer 
zones shall be used than were in the Prototype and Reference Buildings. 
The zones in the simulation shall correspond to the zones provided by 
the controls in the Proposed Design. Thermally similar zones, such as 
those facing one orientation on different floors, may be grouped 
together for the purposes of either the Design Energy Consumption or 
Energy Cost Budget simulation.

                                   Table 517.4.1. HVAC System Description for Prototype and Reference Buildings\1\\2\                                   
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        HVAC COMPONENT             SYSTEM #1         SYSTEM #2         SYSTEM #3         SYSTEM #4        SYSTEM #5        SYSTEM #6        SYSTEM #7   
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
System Description...........  Packaged rooftop  Packaged          Air handler per   Packaged rooftop  Built-up         Fourpipe fan     Water source   
                                single room,      terminal air      zone with         VAV w/perimeter   central VAV      coil per zone    pump.         
                                one unit per      conditioner       central plant.    reheat.           with perimeter   with central                   
                                zone.             with space                                            reheat.          plant.                         
                                                  heater or heat                                                                                        
                                                  pump, one                                                                                             
                                                  heating/cooling                                                                                       
                                                  unit per zone.                                                                                        
Fan system Design supply       Note 9..........  Note 10.........  Note 9..........  Note 9..........  Note 9.........  Note 9.........  Note 10.       
 circulation.                                                                                                                                           
Supply fan total static        1.3 in W.C......  N/A.............  2.0 in W.C......  3.0 in W.C......  4.0 in W.C.....  0.5 in W.C.....  0.5 in W.C.    
 pressure.                                                                                                                                              
Combined supply fan, motor,    40%.............  N/A.............  50%.............  45%.............  55%............  25A............  25%.           
 and drive efficiency.                                                                                                                                  

[[Page 40929]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Supply fan control...........  Constant volume.  Fan Cycles with   Constant volume.  VAV w/forward     VAVV w/air-foil  Fan Cycles with  Fan cycles w/  
                                                  call for                            curved            centrifugal      call for         call for      
                                                  heating or                          contrifugal fan   fan and AC       heating or       heating or    
                                                  cooling.                            and variable      frequency        cooling.         cooling.      
                                                                                      inlet vanes.      variable speed                                  
                                                                                                        drive.                                          
Return fan total static        N/A.............  N/A.............  0.6 in W.C......  0.6 in W.C......  1.0 in W.C.....  N/A............  N/A.           
 pressure.                                                                                                                                              
Combined return fan, motor,    N/A.............  N/A.............  25%.............  25%.............  30%............  N/A............  N/A.           
 and drive efficiency.                                                                                                                                  
Return fan control...........  N/A.............  N/A.............  Constant volume.  VAV w/forward     VAV with air-    N/A............  N/A.           
                                                                                      curved            foil                                            
                                                                                      centrifutal fan   centrifugal                                     
                                                                                      and discharge     fan and AC                                      
                                                                                      damp ers.         frequency                                       
                                                                                                        variable speed                                  
                                                                                                        drive.                                          
Cooling System...............  Direct expansion  Direct expansion  Chilled water     Direct expansion  Chilled water    Chilled water    Closed circuit,
                                air cooled.       air cooled.       (Note 1).         air cooled.       (Note 11).       (Note 11).       centrifugal   
                                                                                                                                          blower type   
                                                                                                                                          cooling tower 
                                                                                                                                          sized per Note
                                                                                                                                          11.           
                                                                                                                                          Circulating   
                                                                                                                                          pump size for 
                                                                                                                                          2.7 GPM per   
                                                                                                                                          ton.          
Heating System...............  Furnace, heat     Heat pump w/      Hot water (Note   Hot water (Note   Hot water (Note  Hot water (Note  Electric or    
                                pump, or          electric          8, 12).           12) or electric   12) or           12) or           natural draft 
                                electric          resistance                          resistance        electric         electric         fossil fuel   
                                resistence        auxiliary or                        (Note B).         resistance       resistance       boiler (Note  
                                (Note 8).         air conditioner                                       (Note 8).        (Note 8).        8).           
                                                  w/space heater                                                                                        
                                                  (Note 8).                                                                                             
Remarks......................  Dry bulb          No economizer...  Dry bulb          Dry bulb          Dry bulb         No economizer..  Tower fans and 
                                economizer per                      economizer per    ecomomizer per    economizer per                    boiler cycled 
                                Section 7.4.3                       Section 434.514.  Section 434.514   Section 7.4.3                     to maintain   
                                (barometric                                           Minimum VAV       Minimum VAV                       circulating   
                                relief).                                              setting per       setting per                       water         
                                                                                      434.514           Section                           temperature   
                                                                                      exception 1.      7.4.4.3.                          between 60 and
                                                                                      Supply air        Supply air                        design tower  
                                                                                      reset by zone     reset by zone                     leaving water 
                                                                                      of greatest       of greatest                       temperature.  
                                                                                      cooling demand.   cooling demand.                                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:                                                                                                                                                  
1. The systems and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for the proposed design.                    
2. For numbered notes see end of Table 517.4.1.                                                                                                         



Numbered Notes For Table 517.4.1 HVAC System Descriptions for Prototype 
and Reference Buildings

    NOTES:
    1. For occupancies such as restaurants, assembly and retail 
which are part of a mixed use building which, according to Table 
517.4.1, includes a central chilled water plant (systems 3, 5, or 
6), chilled water system type 3 or 5, as indicated in the Table, 
shall be used.
    2. Constant volume may be used in zones where pressurization 
relationships must be maintained by code. VAV shall be used in all 
other areas, in accordance with Sec. 517.4.
    3. Provide run-around heat recovery systems for all fan systems 
with minimum outside air intake greater than 75%. Recovery 
effectiveness shall be 0.60.
    4. If a warehouse is not intended to be mechanically cooled, 
both the Energy Cost Budgets and Design Energy Costs, may be 
calculated assuming no mechanical cooling.
    5. The system listed is for guest rooms only. Areas such as 
public areas and back-of-house areas shall be served by system 4. 
Other areas such as offices and retail shall be served by the 
systems listed in Table 517.4.1 for those occupancy types.
    6. The system listed is for guest rooms only. Areas such as 
public areas and back-of-house areas shall be served by System 5. 
Other areas such as offices and retail shall be served by the 
systems listed in Table 517.4.1.1 for those occupancy types.
    7. System 2 shall be used for Energy Cost Budget calculation 
except in areas with design heating outside air temperatures less 
than 10 deg.F.
    8. Prototype energy budget cost calculations shall be made using 
both electricity and natural gas. If natural gas is not available at 
the site, electricity and #2 fuel oil shall be used. The Energy Cost 
Budget shall be the lower of these results. Alternatively, the 
Energy Cost Budget may be based on the fuel source that minimizes 
total

[[Page 40930]]

operating, maintenance, equipment, and installation costs for the 
prototype over the building lifetime. Equipment and installation 
cost estimates shall be prepared using professionally recognized 
cost estimating tools, guides, and techniques. The methods of 
analysis shall conform to those of Subpart A of 10 CFR 436. Energy 
costs shall be based on actual costs to the building as defined in 
this Section.
    9. Design supply air circulation rate shall be based on a supply 
air to room air temperature differences of 20 deg.F. A higher supply 
air temperature may be used if required to maintain a minimum 
circulation rate of 4.5 air changes per hour or 15 cfm per person at 
design conditions to each zone served by the system. If return fans 
are specified, they shall be sized from the supply fan capacity less 
the required minimum ventilation with outside air, or 75% or the 
supply air capacity, whichever is larger. Except where noted, supply 
and return fans shall be operated continually during occupied hours.
    10. Fan System Energy when included in the efficiency rating of 
the unit as defined in Sec. 403.2.4.3 need not be modeled explicitly 
for this system. The fan shall cycle with calls for heating or 
cooling.
    11. Chilled water systems shall be modeled using a reciprocating 
chiller for systems with total cooling capacities less than 175 
tons, and centrifugal chillers for systems with cooling capacities 
of 175 tons or greater. For systems with cooling or 600 tons or 
more, the Energy Cost Budget shall be calculated using two 
centrifugal chillers lead/lag controlled. Chilled water pumps shall 
be sized using a 12 deg.F temperature rise, from 44 deg.F to 
56 deg.F operating at 65 feed of head and 65% combined impeller and 
motor efficiency. Condenser water pumps shall be sized using a 
10 deg.F temperature rise, operating at 60 feet of head and 60% 
combined impeller and motor efficiency. The cooling tower shall be 
an open circuit, centrifugal blower type sized for the larger of 
85 deg.F leaving water temperature or 10 deg.F approach to design 
wet bulb temperature. The tower shall be controlled to provide a 
65 deg.F leaving water temperature whenever weather conditions 
permit, floating up to design leaving water temperature at design 
conditions. Chilled water supply temperature shall be reset in 
accordance with Sec. 434.518.
    12. Hot water system shall include a natural draft fossil fuel 
or electric boiler per Note 8. The hot water pump shall be sized 
based on a 30 deg.F temperature drop, for 18 deg.F to 150 deg.F, 
operating at 60 feet of head and a combined impeller and motor 
efficiency of 60%. Hot water supply temperature shall be reset in 
accordance with Sec. 434.518.

    517.5  Equipment Sizing and Redundant Equipment. For calculating 
the Energy Cost Budget of Prototype or Reference Buildings, HVAC 
equipment shall be sized to meet the requirements of subsection 
403.2.2, without using any of the exceptions. The size of equipment 
shall be that required for the building without process loads 
considered. Redundant or emergency equipment need not be simulated if 
it is controlled so that it will not be operated during normal 
operations of the building. The designer shall document the 
installation of process equipment and the size of process loads.
    517.6  For calculating the Design Energy Consumption, actual air 
flow rates and installed equipment size shall be used in the 
simulation, except that excess capacity provided to meet process loads 
need not be modeled unless the process load was not modeled in setting 
Energy Cost Budget. Equipment sizing in the simulation of the Proposed 
Design shall correspond to the equipment actually selected for the 
design and the designer shall not use equipment sized automatically by 
the simulation tool.
    517.6.1  Redundant or emergency equipment need not be simulated if 
it is controlled to not be operated during normal operations of the 
building.


Sec. 434.518  Service water heating.

    518.1  The service water loads for Prototype and Reference 
Buildings are defined in terms of Btu/h per person in Table 518.1.1, 
Service Hot Water Quantities. The service water heating loads from 
Table 518.1.1 are prescribed assumptions for multi-family high-rise 
residential buildings and default assumptions for all other buildings. 
The same service water heating load assumptions shall be made in 
calculating Design Energy Consumption as were used in calculating the 
Energy Cost Budget.

              Table 518.1.1.--Service Hot Water Quantities              
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Btu/Person-
                       Building type                           hour \1\ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly...................................................          215
Office.....................................................          175
Retail.....................................................          135
Warehouse..................................................          225
School.....................................................          215
Hotel/Motel................................................         1110
Restaurant.................................................          390
Health.....................................................          135
Multi-family High Rise Residential.........................    \2\ 1700 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This value is the number to be multiplied by the percentage         
  multipliers of the Building Profile Schedules in Table 513.2.2. See   
  Table 513.2.2 for occupancy levels.                                   
\2\ Total hot water use per dwelling unit for each hour shall be 3,400  
  Btu/h times the multi-family high rise residential building SWH system
  multiplier from Table 514.2.2.                                        

    518.2  The service water heating system, including piping losses 
for the Prototype Building, shall be modeled using the methods of the 
RS-47 using a system that meets all requirements of subsection 404. The 
service water heating equipment for the Prototype or Reference Building 
shall be either an electric heat pump or natural gas, or if natural gas 
is not available at the site, either an electric heat pump or #2 fuel 
oil. Exception: If electric resistance service water heating is 
preferable to an electric heat pump when analyzed according to the 
criteria of Sec. 434.404 or when service water temperatures exceeding 
145 deg.F are required for a particular application, electric 
resistance water heating may be used.


Sec. 434.519  Controls

    519.1  All occupied conditioned spaces in the Prototype, Reference 
and Proposed Design Buildings in all climates shall be simulated as 
being both heated and cooled. The assumptions in this subsection are 
prescribed assumptions. If the Proposed Design does not include 
equipment for cooling or heating, the Design Energy Consumption shall 
be determined by the specifications for calculating the Energy Cost 
Budget as described in Table 517.4.1 HVAC System Description for 
Prototype and Reference Buildings. Exceptions to 519.1 are as follows:
    519.1.1  If a building is to be provided with only heating or 
cooling, both the Prototype or Reference Building and the Proposed 
Design shall be simulated, using the same assumptions. Such an 
assumption cannot be made unless the building interior temperature 
meets the comfort criteria of RS-2 at least 98% of the occupied hours 
during the year.
    519.1.2  If warehouses are not intended to be mechanically cooled, 
both the Energy Cost Budget and Design Energy Consumption shall be 
modeled assuming no mechanical cooling; and
    519.1.3  In climates where winter design temperature (97.5% 
occurrence) is greater than 59 deg.F, space heating need not be 
modeled.
    519.2  Space temperature controls for the Prototype or Reference 
Building, except multi-family high-rise residential buildings, shall be 
set at 70 deg.F for space heating and 75 deg.F for space cooling with a 
deadband per subsection
    403.2.6.3.  The system shut off during off-hours shall be according 
to the schedule in Table 515.2, except that the heating system shall 
cycle on if any space should drop below the night setback setting of 
55 deg.F. There shall be no similar setpoint during the cooling season. 
Lesser deadband ranges may be used in calculating the Design Energy 
Consumption.
    Exceptions to 519.2 are as follows:
    (a) Setback shall not be modeled in determining either the Energy 
Cost Budget or Design Energy Cost if setback is not realistic for the 
Proposed Design,

[[Page 40931]]

such as 24-hour/day operations. Health facilities need not have night 
setback during the heating season; and
    (b) Hotel/motels and multi-family high-rise residential buildings 
shall have a night setback temperature of 60  deg.F from 11:00 p.m. to 
6:00 a.m. during the heating season; and
    (c) If deadband controls are not to be installed, the Design Energy 
Cost shall be calculated with both heating and cooling thermostat 
setpoints set to the same value between 70 deg.F and 75 deg.F 
inclusive, assumed to be constant for the year.
    519.2.1  For multi-family buildings, the thermostat schedule for 
the dwelling units shall be as in Table 519.1.2, Thermostat Settings 
for Multi-Family High-rise Buildings. The Prototype Building shall use 
the single zone schedule. The Proposed Design shall use the two-zone 
schedule only if zonal thermostatic controls are provided. For Proposed 
Designs that use heat pumps employing supplementary heat, the controls 
used to switch on the auxiliary heat source during morning warm-up 
periods shall be simulated accurately. The thermostat assumptions for 
multi-family high-rise buildings are prescribed assumptions.
    519.3  When providing for outdoor air ventilation in calculating 
the Energy Cost Budget, controls shall be assumed to close the outside 
air intake to reduce the flow of outside air to 0 cfm during setback 
and unoccupied periods. Ventilation using inside air may still be 
required to maintain scheduled setback temperature. Outside air 
ventilation, during occupied periods, shall be as required by RS-41, or 
the Proposed Design, whichever is greater.
    519.4  If humidification is to be used in the Proposed Design, the 
same level of humidification and system type shall be used in the 
Prototype or Reference Building. If dehumidification requires 
subcooling of supply air, then reheat for the Prototype or Reference 
Building shall be from recovered waste heat such as condenser waste 
heat.

                    Table 519.1.2.--Thermostat Settings for Multi-Family High-Rise Buildings                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Single zone dwelling            Two zone dwelling unit          
                                                        unit         -------------------------------------------
                  Time of day                  ----------------------  Bedrooms/Bathrooms        Other Rooms    
                                                                     -------------------------------------------
                                                   Heat       Cool       Heat       Cool       Heat       Cool  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Midnight--6 a.m...............................         60         78         60         78         60         85
6 a.m.--9 a.m.................................         70         78         70         78         70         78
9 a.m.--5 p.m.................................         70         78         60         85         70         78
5 p.m.--11 p.m................................         70         78         70         78         70         78
11 p.m.--Midnight.............................         60         78         60         78         60         78
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 434.520  Speculative buildings.

    520.1  Lighting. The interior lighting power allowance (ILPA) for 
calculating the Energy Cost Budget shall be determined from Table 
401.3.2a. The Design Energy Consumption may be based on an assumed 
adjusted lighting power for future lighting improvements.
    520.2  The assumption about future lighting power used to calculate 
the Design Energy Consumption must be documented so that the future 
installed lighting systems may be in compliance with these standards. 
Documentation must be provided to enable future lighting systems to use 
either the Prescriptive method or the Systems Performance method of 
subsection 401.3
    520.3   Documentation for future lighting systems that use 
subsection 401.3 shall be stated as a maximum adjusted lighting power 
for the tenant spaces. The adjusted lighting power allowance for tenant 
spaces shall account for the lighting power provided for the common 
areas of the building.
    520.4  Documentation for future lighting systems that use 
subsection 401.3 shall be stated as a required lighting adjustment. The 
required lighting adjustment is the whole building lighting power 
assumed in order to calculate the Design Energy Consumption minus the 
ILPA value from Table 401.3.2c that was used to calculate the Energy 
Cost Budget. When the required lighting adjustment is less than zero, a 
complete lighting design must be developed for one or more 
representative tenant spaces, demonstrating acceptable lighting within 
the limits of the assumed lighting power allowance.
    520.5.  HVAC Systems and Equipment. If the HVAC system is not 
completely specified in the plans, the Design Energy Consumption shall 
be based on reasonable assumptions about the construction of future 
HVAC systems and equipment. These assumptions shall be documented so 
that future HVAC systems and equipment may be in compliance with these 
standards.


Sec. 434.521  The Simulation Tool.

    521.1  Annual energy consumption shall be simulated with a multi-
zone, 8760 hours per year building energy model. The model shall 
account for:
    521.1.1  The dynamic heat transfer of the building envelope such as 
solar and internal gains;
    521.1.2  Equipment efficiencies as a function of load and climate;
    521.1.3  Lighting and HVAC system controls and distribution systems 
by simulating the whole building;
    521.1.4  The operating schedule of the building including night 
setback during various times of the year; and
    521.1.5  Energy consumption information at a level necessary to 
determine the Energy Cost Budget and Design Energy Cost through the 
appropriate utility rate schedules.
    521.1.6  While the simulation tool should simulate an entire year 
on an hour by hour basis (8760 hours), programs that approximate this 
dynamic analysis procedure and provide equivalent results are 
acceptable.
    521.1.7  Simulation tools shall be selected for their ability to 
simulate accurately the relevant features of the building in question, 
as shown in the tool's documentation. For example, a single-zone model 
shall not be used to simulate a large, multi-zone building, and a 
steady-state model such as the degree-day method shall not be used to 
simulate buildings when equipment efficiency or performance is 
significantly affected by the dynamic patterns of weather, solar 
radiation, and occupancy. Relevant energy-related features shall be 
addressed by a model such as daylighting, atriums or sunspaces, night 
ventilation or thermal storage, chilled water storage or heat recovery, 
active or passive solar systems, zoning and controls of heating and 
cooling systems, and ground-coupled buildings. In addition, models 
shall be capable of translating the Design Energy Consumption into 
energy

[[Page 40932]]

cost using actual utility rate schedules with the coincidental 
electrical demand of a building. Examples of public domain models 
capable of handling such complex building systems and energy cost 
translations available in the United States are DOE--2.1C and BLAST 3.0 
and in Canada, Energy Systems Analysis Series.
    521.1.8  All simulation tools shall use scientifically justifiable 
documented techniques and procedures for modeling building loads, 
systems, and equipment. The algorithms used in the program shall have 
been verified by comparison with experimental measurements, loads, 
systems, and equipment.

Subpart F--Building Energy Compliance Alternative


Sec. 434.601  General.

    601.1  This subpart provides an alternative path for compliance 
with the standards that allow for greater flexibility in the design of 
energy efficient buildings using an annual energy use method. This path 
provides an opportunity for the use of innovative designs, materials, 
and equipment such as daylighting, passive solar heating, and heat 
recovery, that may not be adequately evaluated by methods found in 
subpart D of this part.
    601.2  The Building Energy Compliance Alternative shall be used 
with Subpart C and Subpart D, 401.1, 401.2, 401.3.4 and in conjunction 
with the minimum requirements found in subsections 402.1, 402.2, and 
402.3., 403.1, 403.2.1-7, 403.9 and 404.
    601.3  Compliance under this section is demonstrated by showing 
that the calculated annual energy usage for the Proposed Design is less 
than or equal to a calculated Energy Use Budget. (See Figure 601.3, 
Building Energy Compliance Alternative). The analytical procedures in 
this subpart are only for determining design compliance, and are not to 
be used either to predict, document or verify annual energy 
consumption.

BILLING CODE 6450-01-P

[[Page 40933]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP06AU96.004



BILLING CODE 6450-01-C

[[Page 40934]]

    601.4  Compliance under the Building Energy Use Budget method 
requires a detailed energy analysis, using a conventional simulation 
tool, of the Proposed Design. A life cycle cost analysis shall be used 
to select the fuel source for the HVAC systems, service hot water, and 
process loads from available alternatives. The Annual Energy 
Consumption of the Proposed Design with the life cycle cost-effective 
fuel selection is calculated to determine the modeled energy 
consumption, called the Design Energy Use.
    601.5  The Design Energy Use is defined as the energy that is 
consumed within the five foot line of a proposed building per ft \2\ 
over a 24-hour day, 365-day year period and specified operating hours. 
The calculated Design Energy Use is then compared to a calculated 
Energy Use Budget.
    601.6  Compliance. The Energy Use Budget is determined by 
calculating the annual energy usage for a Reference or Prototype 
Building that is configured to comply with the provisions of Subpart E 
for such buildings, except that the fuel source(s) of the Prototype or 
Reference Building shall be the same life cycle cost-effective 
source(s) selected for the Proposed Design. If the Design Energy Use is 
less than or equal to the Energy Use Budget then the proposed design 
complies with these standards.
    601.7  This section provides instructions for determining the 
Design Energy Use and for calculating the Energy Use Budget. The Energy 
Use Budget is the highest allowable calculated annual energy 
consumption for a specified building design. Designers are encouraged 
to design buildings whose Design Energy Use is lower than the Energy 
Use Budget.


Sec. 434.602  Determination of the annual energy budget.

    602.1  The Energy Use Budget shall be calculated for the 
appropriate Prototype or Reference Building in accordance with the 
procedures prescribed in subsection 502 with the following exceptions: 
The Energy Use Budget shall be stated in units of Btu/ft \2\/yr and the 
simulation tool shall segregate the calculated energy consumption by 
fuel type producing an Energy Use Budget for each fuel (the fuel 
selections having been made by a life cycle cost analysis in 
determining the proposed design).
    601.2  The Energy Use Budget (EUB) is calculated similarly for the 
Reference or Prototype Building using the following equation:

Equation 601.2

EUB=EUB1xf1+EUB2xf2+EUBixfi

Where EUB1, EUB2, EUBi are the calculated annual energy 
targets for each fuel used in the Reference or Prototype building and 
f1, f2, * * * fi are the energy conversion factors given 
in Table 602.2, Fuel Conversion Factors for Computing Design Annual 
Energy Uses. In lieu of case by case calculation of the Energy Use 
Budget, the designer may construct Energy Use Budget tables for the 
combinations of energy source(s) that may be considered in a set of 
project designs, such as electric heating, electric service water, and 
gas cooling or oil heating, gas service water and electric cooling. The 
values in such optional Energy Use Budget tables shall be equal to or 
less than the corresponding Energy Use Budgets calculated on a case by 
case basis according to this section. Energy Use Budget tables shall be 
constructed to correspond to the climatic regions and building types in 
accordance with provisions for Prototype or Reference Building models 
in Subpart E of these standards.

                  Table 602.2.--Fuel Conversion Factors for Computing Design Annual Energy Uses                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           FUELS                                              CONVERSION FACTOR                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electricity................................................  3412 Btu/kilowatt hour.                            
Fuel Oil...................................................  138,700 Btu/gallon.                                
Natural Gas................................................  1,031,000 Btu/1000 ft \2\.                         
Liquified Petroleum (including Propane and Butane).........  95,500 Btu/gallon.                                 
Anthracite Coal............................................  28,300,000 Btu/short ton.                          
Bituminous Coal............................................  24,580,000 Btu/short ton.                          
Purchased Steam and Steam from Central Plants..............  1,000 Btu/Pound.                                   
High Temperature or Medium Temperature Water from Central    Use the heat value based on the water actually     
 Plants.                                                      delivered at the building five foot line          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:                                                                                                           
At specific locations where the energy source Btu content varies significantly from the value presented above   
  then the local fuel value may be used provided there is supporting documentation from the fuel source supplier
  stating this actual fuel energy value and verifying that this value will remain consistent for the foreseeable
  future. The fuel content for fuels not given above shall be determined from the best available source.        

Sec. 434.603 Determination of the design energy use

    603.1  The Design Energy Use shall be calculated by modeling the 
Proposed Design using the same methods, assumptions, climate data, and 
simulation tool as were used to establish the Energy Use Budget, but 
with the design features that will be used in the final building 
design. The simulation tool used shall segregate the calculated energy 
consumption by fuel type giving an annual Design Energy Use for each 
fuel. The sum of the Design Energy Uses multiplied by the fuel 
conversion factors in Table 602.2 yields the Design Energy Use for the 
proposed design:

Equation 603.1
DEU=DEU1xf1+DEU2xf2+....+DEUi xfi
Where f1, f2, . . . fi are the fuel conversion factors 
in Table 602.2.

    603.2  Required Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Fuel Selection
    603.2.1  Fuel sources selected for the Proposed Design and 
Prototype or Reference buildings shall be determined by considering the 
energy cost and other costs and cost savings that occur during the 
expected economic life of the alternative.
    603.2.2  The designer shall use the procedures set forth in Subpart 
A of 10 CFR Part 436 to make this determination. The fuel selection 
life cycle cost analysis shall include the following steps:
    603.2.2.1  Determine the feasible alternatives for energy sources 
of the Proposed Design's HVAC systems, service hot water, and process 
loads.
    603.2.2.2  Model the Proposed Design including the alternative HVAC 
and service water systems and conduct an annual energy analysis for 
each fuel source alternative using the simulation tool specified in 
this section. The annual energy analysis shall be computed on a monthly 
basis in conformance with Subpart E with the exception that all process 
loads shall be

[[Page 40935]]

included in the calculation. Separate the output of the analysis by 
fuel type.
    603.2.2.3  Determine the unit price of each fuel using information 
from the utility or other reliable local source. During rapid changes 
in fuel prices it is recommended that an average fuel price for the 
previous twelve months be used in lieu of the current price. Calculate 
the annual energy cost of each energy source alternative in accordance 
with procedures in subpart E of this part for the Design Energy Cost. 
Estimate the initial cost of the HVAC and service water systems and 
other initial costs such as energy distribution lines and service 
connection fees associated with each fuel source alternative. Estimate 
other costs and benefits for each alternative including, but not 
necessarily limited to, annual maintenance and repair, periodic and one 
time major repairs and replacements and salvage of the energy and 
service water systems. Cost estimates shall be prepared using 
professionally recognized cost estimating tools, guides and techniques.
    603.2.2.4  Perform a life cycle cost analysis using the procedure 
specified in subsection 603.2.
    603.2.2.5  Compare the total life cycle cost of each energy source 
alternative. The alternative with the lowest total life cycle cost 
shall be chosen as the energy source for the proposed design.


Sec. 434.604  Compliance.

    604.1  Compliance with this section is demonstrated if the Design 
Energy Use is equal to or less than the Energy Use Budget.

DEU < EUB
Equation 604

    604.2  The energy consumption shall be measured at the building 
five foot line for all fuels. Energy consumed from non-depletable 
energy sources and heat recovery systems shall not be included in the 
Design Energy Use calculations. The thermal efficiency of fixtures, 
equipment, systems or plants in the proposed design shall be simulated 
by the selected calculation tool.


Sec. 434.605  Standard calculation procedure.

    605.1  The Standard Calculation Procedure consists of methods and 
assumptions for calculating the Energy Use Budgets for Prototype and 
Reference Buildings and the Design Energy Use for the Proposed Design. 
In order to maintain consistency between the Energy Use Budgets and the 
Design Energy Use, the input assumptions stated in subsection 510.2 are 
to be used.
    605.2  The terms Energy Cost Budget and Design Energy Cost or 
Design Energy Consumption used in Subpart E of this part correlate to 
Energy Use Budget and Design Energy Use, respectively, in this Subpart 
F.


Sec. 434.606  The simulation tool.

    606.1  The criteria established in subsection 521 for the selection 
of a simulation tool shall be followed when using the compliance path 
prescribed in this subpart F.


Sec. 434.607  Life cycle cost analysis.

    607.1  The following life cycle cost criteria applies to the fuel 
selection requirements of this subpart and to option life cycle cost 
analyses performed to evaluate energy conservation design alternatives. 
The fuel source(s) selection shall be made in accordance with the 
requirements of subpart A of 10 CFR part 436. When performing optional 
life cycle cost analyses of energy conservation opportunities the 
designer may use the life cycle cost procedures of subpart A of 10 CFR 
part 436 or OMB Circular 1-94 or an equivalent procedure that meets the 
assumptions listed below:
    607.1.1  The economic life of the Prototype Building and Proposed 
Design shall be 25 years. Anticipated replacements or renovations of 
energy related features and systems in the Prototype or Reference 
Building and Proposed Design during this period shall be included in 
their respective life cycle cost calculations.
    607.1.2  The designer shall follow established professional cost 
estimating practices when determining the costs and benefits associated 
with the energy related features of the Prototype or Reference Building 
and Proposed Design.
    607.1.3  All costs shall be expressed in current dollars. General 
inflation shall be disregarded. Differential escalation of prices 
(prices estimated to rise faster or slower than general inflation) for 
energy used in the life cycle cost calculations shall be those in 
effect at the time of the latest ``Annual Energy Outlook'' (DOE/EIA-
0383) as published by the Department of Energy's Energy Information 
Administration.
    607.1.4  The economic effects of taxes, depreciation and other 
factors not consistent with the practices of subpart A of 10 CFR part 
436 shall not be included in the life cycle cost calculation.

Subpart G - Reference Standards


Sec. 434.701  Reference standards.

    701.1  General. The standards, technical handbooks, papers, 
regulations, and portions thereof, that are referred to in the sections 
and subsections in the following list are hereby incorporated by 
reference into this part 434. The following standards have been 
approved for incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal 
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 522(a) and 1 CFR part 51. A notice 
of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal 
Register. The standards incorporated by reference are available for 
inspection at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol 
Street, N.W., suite 700, Washington, DC. The following standards are 
incorporated by reference in this part:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Ref. No.                          Standard Designation                              Section            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RS-1                       ASHRAE/IES 90.1-89, Energy Efficient Design of New   301.1                           
                            Buildings Except New Low-Rise Residential                                           
                            Buildings, and Addenda 90.1b, 90.1c, 90.1d, 90.1e,                                  
                            90.1g, and 90.1i, American Society of Heating,                                      
                            Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,                                       
                            Atlanta, GA 30329.                                                                  
RS-2*                      ANSI/ASHRAE 55-92, Thermal Environmental Conditions                                  
                            for Human Occupancy, American Society of Heating,                                   
                            Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,                                       
                            Atlanta, GA 30329                                                                   
RS-3*                      NEMA MG1-1993, ``Motors and Generators,'' Revision   401.1                           
                            No. 1, December 7, 1993, National Electrical                                        
                            Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 20037.                                    
RS-4                       ASHRAE, Handbook, 1989 Fundamentals Volume,          301.1                           
                            American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and     402.1.1                         
                            Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329.      402.1.2.4                       
RS-5                       ASTM C177-85, Test Method for Steady-State Heat      402.1.1                         
                            Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission          402.1.2.1                       
                            Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate        402.1.2.2                       
                            Apparatus, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.                                            

[[Page 40936]]

                                                                                                                
RS-6                       ASTM C518-85, Test Method for Steady-State Heat      402.1.1                         
                            Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission          402.1.2.1                       
                            Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter          Table 402.1.2.2                 
                            Apparatus, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.            Table 403.2.9.2                 
RS-7                       ASTM C236-80, Test Method for Steady-State Thermal   402.1.1                         
                            Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a    402.1.2.1                       
                            Guarded Hot Box, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.      402.1.2.2                       
RS-8                       ASTM C976-82, Test Method for Thermal Performance    402.1.1                         
                            of Building Assemblies by Means of a Calibrated     402.1.2.1                       
                            Hot Box, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.              402.1.2.2                       
RS-9                       Johannesson, Gudni, ``Thermal Bridges in Sheet       402.1.2.3                       
                            Metal Construction,'' Studies in Building Physics,                                  
                            Division of Building Technology, Lund Institute of                                  
                            Technology, Lund, Sweden, Report TVAHB-3007, 1981                                   
                            (see also Federal Register, Volume 54, No. 18,                                      
                            January 30, 1989, 10 CFR Part 434).                                                 
RS-10*                     ASTM E283-89, Test Method for Rate of Air Leakage    402.2                           
                            Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and        402.2.1                         
                            Doors, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.                                                
RS-11*                     ANSI/AAMA 101-88, Aluminum Prime Windows and         402.2.1                         
                            Sliding Glass Doors, American Architectural                                         
                            Manufacturers Association, Des Plaines, IL 60018.                                   
RS-12*                     ASTM D4099-89, Specifications for Poly (Vinyl        402.2.1                         
                            Chloride) (PVC) Prime Windows, ASTM, Philadelphia,                                  
                            PA 19103.                                                                           
RS-13*                     ANSI/NWWDA I.S.2-93, Wood Window Units, National     402.2.1                         
                            Wood Window and Door Association (formerly the                                      
                            National Woodwork Manufacturers Association), Des                                   
                            Plaines, IL 60018.                                                                  
RS-14*                     ANSI/NWWDA I.S.3-87, Wood Sliding Patio Doors,       402.2.2.1                       
                            National Wood Window and Door Association                                           
                            (formerly the National Woodwork Manufacturers                                       
                            Association), Des Plaines, IL 60018, 1987.                                          
RS-15*                     ARI Standard 210/240-89, Unitary Air-Conditioning    403.1                           
                            and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment, Air-                                            
                            Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,                                           
                            Arlington, VA 22209, 1989. (Addendum 90.1i).                                        
RS-16                      ARI Standard 360-86, Commercial and Industrial       403.1                           
                            Unitary Air-Conditioning Equipment, Air-                                            
                            Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,                                           
                            Arlington, VA 22209, 1986.                                                          
RS-17                      ARI Standard 340-86, Commercial and Industrial       403.1                           
                            Unitary Heat Pump Equipment, Air-Conditioning and                                   
                            Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1986.                                 
RS-18*                     ARI 310-90, Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners, Air- 403.1.                          
                            Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,                                           
                            Arlington, VA 22209, 1990 (Addendum 90.1i)..                                        
RS-19*                     ARI Standard, 380-90, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps,  403.1                           
                            Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,                                       
                            Arlington, VA 22209, 1990. (Addendum 90.1i).                                        
RS-20                      Code of Federal Regulations, 10 CFR, Part 430,       403.1                           
                            Appendix N, Uniform Test Method for Measuring the                                   
                            Energy Consumption of Furnaces (49 FR 12159, March                                  
                            28, 1984, as amended at 54 FR 6076, February 7,                                     
                            1989; 64 FR 11320, March 17, 1989), January 1,                                      
                            1991, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Government                                    
                            Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. (Addendum                                    
                            90.1b).                                                                             
RS-21                      ANSI Z21.47-90, Gas-Fired Central Furnaces (Except   403.1                           
                            Direct Vent and Separated Combustion System                                         
                            Furnaces); Addenda Z21.47 A-1985, Addenda Z21.47B-                                  
                            1986, American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH                                       
                            44131, 1990. (Addendum 90.1b).                                                      
RS-22*                     U.L. 727-90, Oil-Fired Central Furnaces,             403.1                           
                            Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062,                                    
                            1990. (Addendum 90.1b).                                                             
RS-23                      ANSI Z83.9-90, Gas-Fired Duct Furnaces, American     403.1                           
                            Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131, 1990.                                         
                            (Addendum 90.1b).                                                                   
RS-24                      ANSI Z83.8-90, Gas Unit Heaters; Addenda Z83.8A-     403.1                           
                            1986, American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH                                       
                            44131, 1990. (Addendum 90.1b).                                                      
RS-25                      U.L. 731-88, Oil-Fired Unit Heaters (R-1985),        403.1                           
                            Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062,                                    
                            1988. (Addendum 90.1b).                                                             
RS-26                      CTI Standard--201(86), Certification Standard for    403.1                           
                            Commercial Water Cooling Towers, Cooling Tower                                      
                            Institute, P.O. Box 73383, Houston, TX 77273, 1986.                                 
RS-27                      ARI Standard 320-86, Water-Source Heat Pumps, Air-   403.1                           
                            Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,                                           
                            Arlington, VA 22209, 1986.                                                          
RS-28                      ARI Standard 325-85, Ground Water-Source Heat        403.1                           
                            Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration                                           
                            Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1985.                                               
RS-29                      ARI Standard 365-87, Commercial and Industrial       403.1                           
                            Unitary Air-Conditioning Condensing Units, Air-                                     
                            Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,                                           
                            Arlington, VA 22209, 1987.                                                          
RS-30*                     ARI Standard 550-90, Centrifugal or Rotary Water-    403.1                           
                            Chilling Packages, Air-Conditioning and                                             
                            Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1990.                                 
RS-31                      ARI Standard 590-86, Reciprocating Water-Chilling    403.1                           
                            Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration                                        
                            Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1986.                                               
RS-32                      ANSI Z21.13-87, Gas-Fired Low-Pressure Steam and     403.1                           
                            Hot Water Boilers, Addenda Z21.13A-1983, American                                   
                            Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131, 1987.                                         
                            (Addendum 90.1b).                                                                   
RS-33                      ANSI/U.L., 726-90, Oil-Fired Boiler Assemblies (R-   403.1                           
                            1986), Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL                                    
                            60062, 1990. (Addendum 90.1b).                                                      
RS-34                      HVAC Duct Construction Standards--Metal and          403.2.9.3                       
                            Flexible, 1st Ed., Sheet Metal and Air-                                             
                            Conditioning Contractors Assoc., Vienna, VA 22180,                                  
                            1985.                                                                               
RS-35                      HVAC Duct Leakage Test Manual, 1st Ed., Sheet Metal  403.2.9.3                       
                            and Air-Conditioning Contractors Assoc., Vienna,    403.1                           
                            VA 22180, 1985.                                                                     
RS-36                      Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standard, 5th Ed.,   403.2.9.3                       
                            Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors                                        
                            Assoc., Vienna, VA 22180, 1979.                                                     
RS-37                      Code of Federal Regulations 10 CFR, Part 430,        Table 404.1                     
                            Subpart B, Appendix E, Uniform Test Method for                                      
                            Measuring the Energy Consumption of Water Heaters                                   
                            (55 FR 42619, October 17, 1990), U.S. Government                                    
                            Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.                                            
RS-38                      ANSI Z21.56-89, Gas Fired Pool Heaters, American     Table 404.1                     
                            Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131, 1989.                                         

[[Page 40937]]

                                                                                                                
RS-39                      ANSI Z21.10.3-1990, Gas Water Heaters, Volume III,   404.1                           
                            Storage with Input Ratings above 75,000 Btu's per   404.1.1                         
                            Hour, Circulating and Instantaneous Water Heaters,                                  
                            American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131,                                      
                            1990.                                                                               
RS-40                      ANSI/AHAM RAC-1-1982, Room Air Conditioners,         403.1                           
                            Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers,                                        
                            Chicago, IL 60606, 1982.                                                            
RS-41                      ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, Ventilation for Acceptable  403.2.4                         
                            Indoor Air Quality, American Society of Heating,                                    
                            Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,                                       
                            Atlanta, GA 30329, 1989.                                                            
RS-42                      ANSI Z21.66-1988, Automatic Vent Damper Devices for  404.1                           
                            Use with Gas-Fired Appliances, 1988.                                                
RS-43                      NEMA MG 10-1983 (R 1988), Energy Management Guide                                    
                            for Selection and Use of Polyphase Motors,                                          
                            National Electric Manufacturers Association,                                        
                            Washington, DC, 20037.                                                              
RS-44                      NEMA MG 11-1977 (R 1982, 1987), Energy Management    ................................
                            Guide for Selection and Use of Single-Phase                                         
                            Motors, National Electrical Manufacturers                                           
                            Association, Washington, DC 20037.                                                  
RS-45                      ARI Standard 330-93, Ground-Source Closed Loop Heat  403.1                           
                            Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration                                           
                            Institute, Arlington, VA 22209.                                                     
RS-46                      ARI Standard 560-92, Absorption Water Chilling and   403.1                           
                            Water Heating Packages, Air-Conditioning and                                        
                            Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209.                                       
RS-47                      ASHRAE, Handbook, 1991 Applications Volume,                                          
                            American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and                                     
                            Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329..                                     
RS-48                      ASHRAE, Handbook, 1993 Fundamentals Volume,                                          
                            American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and                                     
                            Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329.                                      
RS-49                      Codified Version of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989,                                       
                            Energy Code for Commercial and High Rise                                            
                            Residential Buildings, including addenda b, c, d,                                   
                            e, g, and i                                                                         
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Example Alternate Component Package Tables

    The example Alternate Component Package tables illustrate the 
requirements of subsections 301.1, 402.3.1., 402.3.2, 402.4.1.1 and 
402.4.1.2. Copies of specific tables contained in this example can be 
obtained from the Energy Code for Federal Commercial Buildings, Docket 
No. EE-RM-79-112-C, Buildings Division, EE-432, Office of Codes and 
Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J-018, 1000 Independence 
Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585, (202) 586-0517.

[FR Doc. 96-19671 Filed 8-5-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P