[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 135 (Friday, July 12, 1996)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 36790-36807]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-16861]


      

[[Page 36789]]


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Part II





Department of Labor





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Mine Safety and Health Administration



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30 CFR Parts 56 and 57



Safety Standards for Explosives at Metal and Nonmetal Mines; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 135 / July 12, 1996 / Rules and 
Regulations  

[[Page 36790]]



DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Mine Safety and Health Administration

30 CFR Parts 56 and 57

RIN 1219-AA84


Safety Standards for Explosives at Metal and Nonmetal Mines

AGENCY: Mine Safety and Health Administration, Labor.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This final rule revises certain provisions of the Mine Safety 
and Health Administration's (MSHA) safety standards for explosives at 
metal and nonmetal mines. The final rule revises existing standards for 
separation of detonators from other explosives or blasting agents 
during storage in powder chests and during transportation. 
Additionally, it revises existing provisions related to loading and 
blasting of explosive materials. The final rule also expands the 
application of existing provisions concerning the protection of 
explosive materials from impact and exposure to high temperatures, and 
it revises and clarifies the existing provisions addressing static 
electricity dissipation during loading. The rule revises the existing 
preamble discussion for vehicles containing explosive material, and 
incorporates existing blast site security provisions into the loading 
and blasting standards. For the convenience of the mining community, 
MSHA has published the full text of the explosives standards for metal 
and nonmetal mines in this Federal Register document.

EFFECTIVE DATES: This final rule is effective September 10, 1996. The 
incorporation by reference listed in the regulations is effective 
September 10, 1996.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Patricia W. Silvey, Director, Office 
of Standards, Regulations, and Variances, MSHA, 703-235-1910.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Paperwork Reduction Act

    Under final Secs. 56/57.6306(a), operators must either attend; 
barricade and post the blast site with warning signs, such as 
``Danger,'' ``Explosives,'' or ``Keep Out;'' or flag the blast site 
against unauthorized entry. These final requirements for use of warning 
signs, such as ``Danger,'' ``Explosives,'' or ``Keep Out,'' are not 
considered information collection under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 
1995 (PRA 95) and are not subject to approval by the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB).
    Final Secs. 56/57.6306(d) requires that operators conduct loading 
and blasting in a manner to facilitate a continuous process so that the 
blast is fired as soon as possible. The final standard does not retain 
the concept of ``undue delay'', but retains the existing requirement to 
notify MSHA of blasting delays beyond 72 hours. MSHA estimates that 
these provisions affect fewer than 10 respondents annually, all large 
mines. Although notification is considered an information collection 
burden under PRA 95, this provision is not subject to OMB approval 
because it affects fewer than 10 respondents annually.

II. Rulemaking Background

    MSHA published comprehensive revisions to its explosives safety 
standards for metal and nonmetal mines in January 1991 (56 FR 2070). 
Prior to the effective date of the rule, MSHA stayed several provisions 
due to compliance issues raised by the mining community and explosives 
manufacturers. The provisions involved were subsequently reproposed on 
October 16, 1992 (57 FR 47524) for revision and clarification. On 
December 30, 1993, MSHA published the existing final rule which became 
effective on January 31, 1994 (58 FR 69596).
    In February 1994, the American Mining Congress (AMC) and the 
Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) each filed a petition for 
review of the final rule with the United States Court of Appeals for 
the District of Columbia Circuit, in American Mining Congress v. MSHA, 
Docket No. 91-1124 and 91-1568, consolidated cases, and in IME v. MSHA, 
Docket No. 94-1144. AMC requested that MSHA reconsider evidence in the 
rulemaking record regarding the continuous loading requirements of 
Secs. 56/57.6306(c), Loading and blasting. In addition, AMC requested 
that the Agency clarify the preamble discussion to Secs. 56/
57.6202(a)(1), concerning vehicles containing explosive materials.
    IME suggested revision of Secs. 56/57.6000, the definition of 
``laminated partition,'' and corresponding changes in Secs. 56/
57.6133(b), Powder chests, and Secs. 56/57.6201(a)(2) and (b)(2), 
Separation of transported explosive material. Also, IME requested that 
MSHA reconsider information in the rulemaking record regarding the 
requirements of Secs. 56/57.6602, Static electricity dissipation during 
loading.
    In response to the issues raised by the mining industry and 
explosive manufacturers, MSHA issued Program Policy Letter No. P94-IV-3 
on September 30, 1994. This Program Policy Letter provided information 
to the mining community regarding the proper usage of the IME-22 
Container as a ``laminated partition'' under Secs. 56/57.6000, 
Secs. 56/57.6133, and Secs. 56/57.6201. The Agency also interpreted the 
``continuous loading'' requirements of Secs. 56/57.6306; clarified the 
meaning of the term ``good condition'' as it applies to vehicles used 
in Secs. 56/57.6202; clarified the application of Secs. 56/57.6501 
regarding double trunklines or loop systems when using low energy 
detonating cord with inhole delays; and interpreted Secs. 56/57.6602(e) 
on static electricity dissipation during loading as it applies to the 
use of plastic hole liners. This final regulation addresses these 
regulatory issues except for Secs. 56/57.6501 regarding double 
trunklines or loop systems. Therefore, Program Policy Letter No. P94-
IV-3 will expire on the effective date of this final regulation.
    On January 5, 1995, MSHA published a proposed rule in the Federal 
Register (60 FR 1866) which would have revised the provisions discussed 
above. Public hearings were held in Cleveland, Ohio, and Elko, Nevada 
in July 1995. The rulemaking record closed on August 18, 1995. MSHA 
received and reviewed written and oral statements on the proposed rule 
from all segments of the mining community. These final standards for 
explosives at metal and nonmetal mines are based on consideration of 
the entire rulemaking record, including all written comments and 
exhibits received related to the January 1991 and the December 1993 
final regulations, as well as the January 5, 1995, proposal and the 
public hearing record.
    To serve the interests of the mining community, MSHA has 
republished the full text of subpart E of 30 CFR parts 56 and 57 as 
they will read effective September 10, 1996. This final rule, however, 
addresses revisions only to the following sections. Sections 
republished here and not on the list below are unchanged.
Parts 56 and 57
Secs. 56/57.6000  Definitions.
Secs. 56/57.6133  owder chests.
Secs. 56/57.6201  Separation of transported explosive material.
Secs. 56/57.6202  Vehicles.
Secs. 56/57.6302  Separation of explosive material.
Secs. 56/57.6306  Loading, blasting, and security.
Secs. 56/57.6313  Blast site security.
Secs. 56/57.6602  Static electricity dissipation during loading.

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Secs. 56/57.6905  Protection of explosive material.

III. Discussion and Summary of the Final Rule

A. General Discussion

    Historically, hazards associated with the storage, transportation, 
and use of explosive materials have caused or contributed to serious 
injuries and fatalities in metal and nonmetal mines. Precautions to 
safeguard against these hazards are an essential part of any effective 
mine safety program. The standards in 30 CFR parts 56 and 57, subpart 
E, focus on hazards associated with using or working near explosive 
materials at metal and nonmetal mines. The standards in this final rule 
clarify and address certain precautions necessary to prevent the 
hazards common to storing, transporting, and handling explosive 
materials. These standards also address the issues raised in the rule 
challenges noted above.

B. Organizational Changes

    Paragraph (b) of existing Secs. 56/57.6302 is moved to Secs. 56/
57.6905 of this subpart. Paragraph (a) of existing Secs. 56/57.6302 
requires that explosives and blasting agents be kept separate from 
detonators until loading begins. This provision remains unchanged. The 
section heading of Secs. 56/57.6302 is revised in the final rule to 
read ``Separation of explosive material.''
    Paragraph (b) of existing Secs. 56/57.6302 requires that explosive 
material be protected from impact and temperatures in excess of 150 
degrees Fahrenheit when taken to the blast site.
    In 1993, MSHA promulgated Secs. 56/57.6302 under the ``Use'' 
portion of the explosives regulation, thereby inadvertently creating 
confusion as to whether explosives also must be protected from impact 
during transportation and storage. MSHA's intent was to require 
protection of explosive material from impact and high temperatures 
generally, not just during use. This final rule moves existing 
paragraph (b) of Secs. 56/57.6302 to ``General Requirements'' and 
``General Requirements-Surface and Underground.'' The provision is 
codified as Secs. 56/57.6905, with the section heading ``Protection of 
explosive material.''

C. Deletions

    Existing Secs. 56/57.6313, which require that areas where loading 
is suspended or loaded holes are awaiting firing be attended, 
barricaded and posted, or flagged against unauthorized entry are 
deleted, and these requirements are incorporated into final Secs. 56/
57.6306(a) for loading and blasting.

D. Incorporations by Reference

    Existing Secs. 56/57.6000, Secs. 56/57.6133, and Secs. 56/57.6201 
incorporate by reference the definition of ``laminated partition'' and 
recommendations found in the IME Safety Library Publication No. 22, 
``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of Detonators in a 
Vehicle with other Explosive Materials,'' (May 1993), and ``The Generic 
Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container,'' (October 1993). Whenever a 
laminated partition is used under the final rule, IME's recommendations 
contained in these two publications must be followed. As discussed 
below, MSHA will make these IME publications available to the mining 
community.

E. Section-by-Section Analysis

    The following section-by-section analysis explains the final rule 
and its effect on existing standards. The standards in part 56 apply to 
all surface metal and nonmetal mines; those in part 57 apply to 
underground and surface areas of underground metal and nonmetal mines.

Secs. 56/57.6000  Definitions.
Secs. 56/57.6133  Powder chests.
Secs. 56/57.6201  Separation of transported explosive material.

    Sections 56/57.6133 and 56/57.6201 address the hazards of unplanned 
detonation of explosives when stored and transported. The separation 
requirements are intended to impede propagation should detonators be 
initiated.
    The existing definition of ``laminated partition'' in 30 CFR 
Secs. 56/57.6000 includes the combinations of materials which must be 
used in a partition if operators choose to store or transport certain 
detonators with explosives or blasting agents. These dimensions are 
based on IME Safety Library Publication No. 22, ``Recommendations for 
the Safe Transportation of Detonators in a Vehicle with other Explosive 
Materials,'' (May 1993), and the ``Generic Loading Guide for the IME-22 
Container,'' (October 1993). The term ``laminated partition'' appears 
in existing Secs. 56/57.6133, Powder chests, and in Secs. 56/57.6201, 
Separation of transported explosive material.
    Existing standards Secs. 56/57.6133 require that detonators stored 
at surface operations and at surface areas of underground operations 
must be kept in chests separate from other explosives or blasting 
agents, unless the detonators and explosives or blasting agents are 
separated by 4 inches of hardwood or equivalent, or a laminated 
partition. Similarly, existing Secs. 56/57.6201(a)(2) require 
detonators and other explosives or blasting agents to be transported on 
separate vehicles or conveyances, except detonators in quantities of 
more than 1,000 may be transported on the same vehicle or conveyance if 
maintained in the manufacturer's original packaging, and if separated 
from explosives or blasting agents by 4 inches of hardwood or 
equivalent, or a laminated partition. The 4 inches of hardwood or 
equivalent must be fastened to the vehicle or conveyance. Paragraph 
(b)(2) of Secs. 56/57.6201 allows detonators in quantities of 1,000 or 
fewer to be transported with explosives or blasting agents when kept in 
closed containers and separated by 4 inches of hardwood or equivalent, 
or a laminated partition. The 4 inches of hardwood or equivalent must 
be fastened to the vehicle or conveyance.
    The Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) raised objections to 
these existing regulations since the IME safety guidelines warn against 
hazards associated with use of the IME-22 container when transporting 
detonators with other explosives and blasting agents on the same 
vehicle.
    Proposed Secs. 56/57.6000 included language similar to that of the 
existing regulation. Proposed Secs. 56/57.6133(b) would have allowed 
operators the flexibility to continue storing detonators with other 
explosives and blasting agents in a powder chest (day box) when 
separated by 4 inches of hardwood or equivalent. Likewise, proposed 
Secs. 56/57.6201 (a)(2) and (b)(2) would have allowed operators to 
continue transporting detonators with explosives and blasting agents on 
the same vehicle or conveyance if they are separated by 4 inches of 
hardwood or equivalent. In response to IME's comments, both proposed 
standards also would have allowed use of a laminated partition to 
separate detonators from explosive materials, provided operators 
followed guidelines included in the IME Safety Library Publication No. 
22, ``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of Detonators in a 
Vehicle with other Explosive Materials,'' (May 1993), and the ``Generic 
Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container'' (October 1993) when using a 
laminated partition.
    Final regulations for Secs. 56/57.6000 are the same as the proposed 
rule. The final regulations for both Secs. 56/57.6133(b) and Secs. 56/
57.6201 (a)(2) and (b)(2) parallel the proposed rules in that they 
permit the longstanding practice of using 4 inches of hardwood or

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equivalent, or a laminated partition (which includes the IME-22 
Container or box) to separate detonators from other explosives or 
blasting agents, provided that the provisions of the IME Safety Library 
Publication No. 22, ``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of 
Detonators in a Vehicle with other Explosive Materials,'' (May 1993), 
and the ``Generic Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container'' (October 
1993) are followed. Copies of these IME publications are available to 
the mining industry at MSHA headquarters in Arlington, VA, and at all 
Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health district offices.
    MSHA did not receive any comments relative to the Agency's 
definition of the term ``laminated partition'' as described in the 
proposed rule.
    One commenter objected to MSHA incorporating by reference IME 
publications stating that such incorporation would interfere with the 
opportunity to comment on the content of these publications. MSHA has 
historically relied upon manufacturers' design specifications and 
recommendations for the proper use of specific mining equipment and 
machinery where unintended use of such equipment and machinery poses a 
serious safety hazard to miners. Therefore, if operators use a 
laminated partition for compliance with standards Secs. 56/57.6133 and 
Secs. 56/57.6201, they must follow the guidelines prescribed in IME's 
accompanying documentation, including updated revisions where 
applicable. MSHA expects that the IME will periodically update this 
documentation, and MSHA intends to give mine operators adequate notice 
should compliance changes become necessary.
    Some commenters sought clarification of the phrase ``4 inches of 
hardwood, or equivalent,'' as used in proposed Secs. 56/57.6133 and 
Secs. 56/57.6201, while other commenters requested that MSHA define the 
term ``equivalent'' in the final regulation to specify the types of or 
combinations of materials that would be accepted. ``Equivalent'' under 
the final rule refers to any barrier, other than a laminated partition, 
that provides at least the same degree of protection for explosives or 
blasting agents as 4 inches of hardwood should detonators be initiated 
by outside forces. Presently, MSHA has no equivalency data to convert 
the degree of protection provided by hardwood to another material. 
However, the final standard preserves the flexibility to recognize such 
future developments.
    One commenter requested that MSHA clarify whether ``4 inches of 
hardwood'' refers to a partition separating two containers or to the 
construction of the detonator box itself. The 4 inches of hardwood or 
its equivalent refers to the partition used to separate explosives and 
blasting agents from detonators. The purpose of separation is to impede 
propagation should detonators be initiated by outside forces. The 4 
inches of hardwood or equivalent separator must be fastened inside the 
cargo area of the vehicle or conveyance containing explosive materials.
    At commenters' suggestions, mine operators are reminded that MSHA 
standards are applicable only to mining property, including 
transporting of explosive materials. Any transportation of explosive 
material over public highways is subject to the requirements of the 
United States Department of Transportation in Title 49 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations.

Sections 56/57.6202  Vehicles

    Sections 56/57.6202 address the hazard of an unplanned detonation 
of explosive material during transportation. Detonation can result from 
vehicle fires, vehicle accidents or construction of an explosive 
container with inappropriate material.
    The existing regulations at Secs. 56/57.6202(a)(1) require that 
vehicles used to transport explosives be maintained in ``good 
condition.'' MSHA indicated in the preamble discussion to this 
regulation that for compliance purposes, vehicles must be road-worthy 
and capable of passing Federal, state, and local licensing requirements 
for over-the-road use.
    MSHA received a number of objections to this interpretation of 
``good condition.'' In response to these commenters, MSHA clarifies in 
this final regulation preamble that for vehicles to be in ``good 
condition'' that they comply with the applicable MSHA standards 
contained in subpart M-Machinery and Equipment, which address 
requirements for all self-propelled mobile equipment used on mine 
property. Commenters agreed with this interpretation and MSHA adopts 
this approach in the final rule.
``USE''

Sections 56/57.6302  Separation of Explosive Material and Sections 56/
57.6905  Protection of Explosive Material

    Sections 56/57.6302 address the hazard of unplanned detonation of 
explosive material and protection for explosive material during use, 
transportation, and prior to loading.
    Existing paragraph (a) of Secs. 56/57.6302 requires that explosives 
and blasting agents be kept separate from detonators until loading 
begins. Existing paragraph (b) requires that explosive material be 
protected from impact and temperatures in excess of 150 degrees 
Fahrenheit when taken to the blast site.
    When MSHA promulgated existing Secs. 56/57.6302, the standards 
appeared in the ``USE'' portion of the explosives regulations, although 
the same hazards also exist during the transportation and storage 
processes. Therefore, the final rule revises and expands application of 
existing paragraph (b) of Secs. 56/57.6302 to ``GENERAL REQUIREMENTS'' 
for both surface and underground, and moves this existing paragraph to 
newly numbered standards Secs. 56/57.6905. Like the proposed 
regulation, final paragraph (a) requires that operators protect 
explosive materials against temperatures in excess of 150 degrees 
Fahrenheit. This temperature threshold is based upon the 1992 Bureau of 
Mines Information Circular No. 9335, Blasting Hazards of Gold Mining in 
Sulfide-Bearing Ore Bodies; MSHA's Investigation Report No. D7431-S949, 
Investigation of Premature Detonations, Paradise Peak Mine, (December 
10, 1991); and the IME Safety Library Publication No. 4, ``Warnings and 
Instructions for Consumers in Transporting, Storing, Handling and Using 
Explosive Materials,'' (March 1992), all of which suggest a hazardous 
change in stability of explosives once temperatures reach this level.
    Final paragraph (b) of Secs. 56/57.6905, as proposed, requires that 
explosive material be protected from impact except for tamping and 
dropping during loading, so long as operators comply with existing 
requirements of Secs. 56/57.6304 for primer protection. For example, 
large equipment used during the loading process may be capable of 
exerting forcible impact onto detonating or initiating systems. Also, 
the proximity of other mining activity may allow equipment to come in 
contact with explosive loading equipment and explosive containers, 
thereby exerting impact.
    In the proposal, MSHA would have added a new requirement for 
underground mines to address the hazard of freeing hang-ups in raises, 
chutes and ore passes. To allow for this type of blasting, the proposal 
would have permitted only detonating cord to initiate explosives placed 
in raises, chutes, and ore passes to free hang-ups.
    Commenters objected to the proposal as being too restrictive in 
that it would limit commonly accepted methods of blasting and prohibit 
application of new technological developments. These commenters stated 
that the use of

[[Page 36793]]

detonating cord as proposed by MSHA may introduce inherent hazards such 
as fire from the ignition of timber, loosening timber, or other 
supports, contributing to flyrock, and loosening rib and back. Although 
MSHA's experience with detonating cord has not resulted in these 
hazards, the rulemaking record does not contain sufficient support to 
finalize the proposal. Therefore, the final rule does not adopt the 
proposal and will continue to permit current conventional practices for 
freeing hang-ups, provided applicable MSHA safety standards for 
explosives are followed. These standards, including the requirements of 
the final rule, provide reasonable protection against unplanned 
detonation of explosives during hang-up blasting.

Sections 56/57.6313  Blast Site Security and Sections 56/57.6306  
Loading, Blasting, and Security

    The final regulations address the hazard of unplanned detonation of 
explosives and the presence of unauthorized persons within the blast 
site, as well as moving vehicles or electrically-powered equipment 
which could contact and detonate explosive material. The final rule 
also protects persons working in the blast site from other mining 
activities unrelated to loading explosives, which can interfere with 
the loading process and increase the likelihood of an accident.
    Existing paragraph (a) of Secs. 56/57.6306 prohibits vehicles and 
other equipment from being driven over explosive material or initiating 
systems. Existing paragraph (b) allows haulage activity near the base 
of the highwall being loaded, if no other haulage access exists. MSHA 
has incorporated existing requirements of Secs. 56/57.6313 on blast 
site security into final Secs. 56/57.6306(a). Existing Secs. 56/57.6313 
require that areas in which loading is suspended or loaded holes are 
awaiting firing must be attended, barricaded and posted, or flagged 
against unauthorized entry. The proposal would have revised and 
expanded application of existing Secs. 56/57.6313 by requiring that 
when explosive materials or initiating systems are brought to the blast 
site, operators must either barricade and post, or flag the blast site 
so that unauthorized or inadvertent entry is prevented. Most commenters 
agreed with the proposal. One commenter objected, however, suggesting 
that MSHA require identification of the blast site only when the blast 
site is not attended.
    Final Secs. 56/57.6306(a) adopts the proposal and includes one 
revision consistent with existing Secs. 56/57.6313 regarding attending 
the blast site. Under the final standard, operators must either attend; 
barricade and post the blast site with warning signs; or flag the blast 
site against unauthorized entry. MSHA has included in the final 
standard some common examples of the content of warning signs used in 
the mining industry. In no way does the Agency intend for these 
examples to be an exclusive list. Operators may use other warning signs 
for compliance with this provision provided these signs adequately 
convey to persons that they are entering a hazardous area. MSHA's 
experience is that these warning signs are universally accepted and are 
consistent with DOT placards for explosive materials. Once explosives 
or initiating systems are brought to the blast site, good safety 
practices dictate that precautions be taken to prevent accidental 
damage to explosive materials, which can lead to a misfire or 
accidental detonation. Key among these precautions is delineating the 
blast site to warn unauthorized persons of the presence of explosives. 
The provisions of Secs. 56/57.6313 were intended to require mine 
operators to alert other persons working at the mine during loading and 
blasting operations of the blast site parameters to prevent 
unauthorized or inadvertent entry onto the blast site. Particularly on 
a large blast site, persons performing blast-related tasks, such as 
loading explosives, would not be readily able to warn persons to keep 
out of the blast site.
    One commenter stated that the proposal would result in additional 
costs to purchase warning signs to barricade, post or flag the blast 
site. MSHA anticipates that the final rule will result in only nominal 
cost increases to the mining industry because the posting requirement 
of final paragraph (a) is an incorporation of existing Secs. 56/
57.6313, as explained above. Moreover, the final regulation gives 
operators compliance flexibility by providing alternative methods on 
how to demarcate the blast site. Under this final regulation, once 
initiation systems are brought to the blast site, mine operators must 
either: (1) attend the blast site; (2) barricade and post the blast 
site with warning signs, such as ``Danger,'' ``Explosives,'' or ``Keep 
Out;''; or (3) flag the blast site, to be in compliance with paragraph 
(a).
    In the final rule, existing paragraph (a) of Secs. 56/57.6306 
becomes paragraph (b) with no substantive change.
    Paragraph (c) of final Secs. 56/57.6306 restates the existing rule 
and restricts persons from entering the blast site except those engaged 
in surveying, stemming, sampling of geology, and reopening of holes. 
The final rule, like the proposal, clarifies that haulage activity is 
permitted near the base of surface highwalls or underground bench faces 
being loaded or awaiting firing, where no other haulage access exists.
    Final paragraph (d) of Secs. 56/57.6306 protects against the hazard 
of periods in which the process of loading and firing explosives is 
interrupted. In the proposal, MSHA would have added new requirements 
for all mines to address the potential hazards posed by unauthorized 
personnel entering a blast site where explosive materials are present. 
The preamble discussion to the proposed rule stated that persons 
unfamiliar with the blast site may throw lighted smoking materials into 
a blast hole, disturb the initiation system, or kick material into a 
hole--any one of which could contribute to a premature detonation.
    Existing paragraph (c) requires that loading be continuous except 
where adverse circumstances beyond the operator's control necessitate 
an interruption in loading. Existing paragraph (e) requires that when 
loading is completed and circuits are connected, operators must blast 
without undue delay, unless adverse circumstances exist which are 
beyond the operator's control. The existing standard also requires that 
operators notify MSHA if such delay could exceed 72-hours. Existing 
paragraphs (c) and (e) of Secs. 56/57.6306 are deleted by the final 
rule. Hazards addressed under these existing provisions are covered 
under the final rule in paragraph (d).
    Proposed paragraph (d)(1) would have required mine operators to 
continue the loading and firing process without interruption or undue 
delay. MSHA gave examples of ``undue delay'' in the preamble discussion 
to the proposed standard which included emergencies, unfavorable 
atmospheric conditions, shift changes and large equipment failures. 
Also, the proposal would have required operators to attend the mine to 
prevent unauthorized entry into the blast site.
    Commenters indicated that the proposed ``attended'' requirement was 
confusing because it could be read to suggest that the physical 
presence of an individual at the blast site is necessary, contrary to 
MSHA's definition of the term ``attended.'' Commenters also requested 
that MSHA clarify the meaning of ``undue delay'' with a list of 
circumstances. Other commenters suggested that MSHA clarify that 
examples listed in the preamble to the proposed standard are not the 
only justifications for an interruption in the

[[Page 36794]]

loading process. In addition, commenters objected to the proposal and 
to the preamble discussion by stating that past practices in the mining 
industry have successfully provided protection when loading was 
interrupted or blasting was delayed, and that no injuries or deaths 
have been attributed to unattended explosives.
    MSHA agrees that there have been no known deaths caused by loaded 
explosives awaiting blasting. However, explosives technology literature 
and experience confirm that caution, including reasonable security 
measures, are appropriate. The final rule therefore adopts an updated 
version of a previous explosives safety regulation, and continues to 
permit longstanding practices at larger mining operations which take 
several days to complete the loading and blasting process.
    Final paragraph (d) requires that operators conduct loading and 
blasting in a manner to facilitate a continuous process so that the 
blast is fired as soon as possible. The final standard does not retain 
the concept of ``undue delay,'' but retains the existing requirement to 
notify MSHA of blasting delays beyond 72 hours. The final standard does 
not include the proposed requirement that the mine be attended when 
loading is interrupted or blasting is delayed. MSHA believes that 
requiring mine operators to load and blast as soon as practicable 
provides the measure of protection needed for miners by minimizing the 
loading and blasting exposure time.
    Paragraph (d)(2) of Secs. 56/57.6306 of the proposed standard would 
have required that persons securing a blast site at a surface mine or 
at the surface area of an underground mine withdraw from the blast site 
during the approach and progress of an electrical storm. The proposal 
also would have required that persons securing an underground blast 
site using an electrical blasting system that is capable of being 
initiated by lightning be withdrawn to a safe location.
    Commenters objected to this proposal by stating that it was 
duplicative of existing Secs. 56/57.6604, which provides for the 
suspension of blasting operations and the withdrawal of persons from 
the blast area to a safe location during the approach and progress of 
an electrical storm. MSHA agrees that Secs. 56/57.6604 sufficiently 
addresses the precautions necessary to protect miners from the danger 
of accidental detonation caused by an electrical storm. Therefore, the 
final rule does not adopt proposed Secs. 56/57.6306.
    Paragraphs (f) and (g) of the final rule are unchanged from the 
existing regulations. These final rules continue to require that 
operators institute specific safety measures immediately prior to and 
after the blasting process. Final paragraph (f) requires, among other 
things, ample warning, clear escape routes from the blast area, and all 
access to the blast area to be guarded or barricaded to prevent the 
passage of persons or vehicles. Numerous accidents have occurred from 
the failure to clear or prevent unauthorized entry to the blast area. 
Final paragraph (g) requires post-blast examinations to minimize 
hazards to persons who will perform subsequent work in the area.
``EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY''

Sections 56/57.6602  Static Electricity Dissipation During Loading

    This standard addresses the hazard resulting from a buildup of 
static electricity generated by pneumatic loading, which could cause 
premature detonation of explosives.
    Existing Secs. 56/57.6602 require that when explosive material is 
loaded pneumatically or dropped into a blasthole in a manner that could 
generate static electricity, an evaluation must be made of potential 
static electricity hazards and the hazard must be eliminated before 
loading begins. The standard prohibits the use of wire-countered hoses 
and plastic tube hole liners where their use could generate static 
electricity in an amount sufficient to initiate a detonator.
    Following publication of the existing rule, MSHA received technical 
information from commenters suggesting that the scope of the standard 
is too broad. The term ``dropping'' encompasses dropping, pouring, or 
augering explosive materials into blastholes, activities which are 
performed at a low velocity. As a result, insufficient static 
electricity is generated to initiate a detonator, and therefore, does 
not pose a serious hazard. In the proposal, MSHA narrowed the 
application of this standard by deleting the term ``dropping'' from the 
text of existing Secs. 56/57.6602.
    In response to the proposed revision, a number of commenters 
indicated that the rule would still include activities which would not 
generate sufficient static electricity to initiate a detonator. These 
commenters indicated that the amount of energy required to initiate a 
detonator should be well-known by the blaster in charge and that 
blaster is in the best position to make the determination as to when 
precautions are necessary.
    The final rule adopts this approach and requires that certain 
precautions be taken only when there is a static electricity hazard.

IV. Executive Order 12866 and the Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Executive Order 12866 requires that regulatory agencies assess both 
the costs and benefits of intended regulations. MSHA has determined 
that this rulemaking is not a significant regulatory action and, 
therefore, has not prepared a separate analysis of costs and benefits. 
The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires regulatory agencies to consider 
a rule's impact on small entities. For the purpose of the Regulatory 
Flexibility Analysis, MSHA defines a small entity as an operation 
employing fewer than 20 employees. This final rule would not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
The analysis contained in this preamble meets MSHA's responsibilities 
under Executive Order 12866 and the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
    Under the January 5, 1995, proposed rule (60 FR 1866), MSHA 
estimated that the total annual recurring cost impact would have been 
about $70,000. All of these costs were attributable to proposed 
Secs. 56/57.6306(d)(1) which would have required the blast site to be 
attended if loading was interrupted or firing of the blast was delayed 
for any reason. MSHA recognizes that it is a safe practice to 
continuously load explosives and fire them promptly; however, 
interruptions in loading and delays in firing do occur, particularly in 
large mining operations. This final rule, therefore, will retain the 
existing requirements that permit reasonable interruptions in the 
loading process and require notification to MSHA if blasting of a 
loaded round will be delayed for more than 72 hours. MSHA estimates 
that this provision affects fewer than 10 mines annually, but that the 
mining industry will not incur any additional costs resulting from 
MSHA's retention of the existing requirements.
    The final rule eliminates existing Secs. 56/57.6313 and 
incorporates these requirements for blast site security as Secs. 56/
57.6306(a) which require that the blast site be attended; barricaded 
and posted with warning signs, such as ``Danger,'' ``Explosives,'' or 
``Keep Out;'' or flagged against unauthorized entry, when explosives or 
initiating systems are present. MSHA estimates that final Secs. 56/
57.6306(a) would affect about 15 small and 60 large mines annually. 
MSHA anticipates that these provisions primarily would affect quarries; 
open pit mines, except for certain operations which do not use 
explosives, such as clay mines and phosphate mines; and large 
underground mines. MSHA does

[[Page 36795]]

not expect small underground mines to be affected as these operations 
would rarely, if ever, experience the need to leave the blast site 
unattended when explosive materials or initiating systems are present. 
Sand and gravel operations and mills rarely blast, and then the blast 
site is likely to be a single charge, such as that needed to break a 
large boulder.
    Although the scope of this requirement is expanded from when 
loading is suspended or firing is delayed to apply whenever explosive 
materials or initiating systems are present at the blast site, MSHA 
experience is that it is common industry practice to have the blast 
site attended when explosive materials or initiating systems are 
delivered and while loading is in progress. Final Secs. 56/57.6306(a) 
address blast site security when explosives are being used. When 
explosive materials or initiating systems are not being used, other 
MSHA standards require that they be secured in magazines or other 
appropriate explosive materials storage facilities. On occasion, 
however, circumstances, such as delays in loading or firing, may 
require the blast site to be left unattended when explosive materials 
are present. In such situations, MSHA expects that mine operators would 
choose to barricade and post with warning signs, such as ``Danger,'' 
``Explosives,'' or ``Keep Out,'' or flag the blast site against 
unauthorized entry, rather than attend the blast site. One commenter 
stated that the proposal would result in additional costs to purchase 
warning signs to barricade, post, or flag the blast site. As this is 
required under existing Secs. 56/57.6313, no new costs are required for 
compliance with the final rule. MSHA, therefore, has not included an 
additional cost for this provision in the Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis.

V. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, Pub. L. 104-
4, requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal 
regulatory actions on state, local, and tribal governments and the 
private sector, other than to the extent such actions merely 
incorporate requirements specifically set forth in a statute. The 
Agency has determined that this final rule does not impose an unfunded 
mandate on state and local governments or tribal entities.

List of Subjects in 30 CFR Parts 56 and 57

    Explosives, Incorporation by reference, Mine safety and health, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: June 26, 1996.
J. Davitt McAteer,
Assistant Secretary for Mine Safety and Health.

    Parts 56 and 57, subchapter N, chapter I, title 30 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations are amended as follows:

PART 56--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 56 is revised to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 30 U.S.C. 811.

    2. Effective September 10, 1996, subpart E of part 56 is revised to 
read as follows:

Subpart E--Explosives

Sec.
56.6000  Definitions.

STORAGE

56.6100  Separation of stored explosive material.
56.6101  Areas around explosive material storage facilities.
56.6102  Explosive material storage practices.
56.6130  Explosive material storage facilities.
56.6131  Location of explosive material storage facilities.
56.6132  Magazine requirements.
56.6133  Powder chests.

TRANSPORTATION

56.6200  Delivery to storage or blast site areas.
56.6201  Separation of transported explosive material.
56.6202  Vehicles.
56.6203  Locomotives.
56.6204  Hoists.
56.6205  Conveying explosives by hand.

USE

56.6300  Control of blasting operations.
56.6301  Blasthole obstruction check.
56.6302  Separation of explosive material.
56.6303  Initiation preparation.
56.6304  Primer protection.
56.6305  Unused explosive material.
56.6306  Loading, blasting, and security.
56.6307  Drill stem loading.
56.6308  Initiation systems.
56.6309  Fuel oil requirements for ANFO.
56.6310  Misfire waiting period.
56.6311  Handling of misfires.
56.6312  Secondary blasting.

ELECTRIC BLASTING

56.6400  Compatibility of electric detonators.
56.6401  Shunting.
56.6402  Deenergized circuits near detonators.
56.6403  Branch circuits.
56.6404  Separation of blasting circuits from power source.
56.6405  Firing devices.
56.6406  Duration of current flow.
56.6407  Circuit testing.

NONELECTRIC BLASTING

56.6500  Damaged initiating material.
56.6501  Nonelectric initiation systems.
56.6502  Safety fuse.

EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY

56.6600  Loading practices.
56.6601  Grounding.
56.6602  Static electricity dissipation during loading.
56.6603  Air gap.
56.6604  Precautions during storms.
56.6605  Isolation of blasting circuits.

EQUIPMENT/TOOLS

56.6700  Nonsparking tools.
56.6701  Tamping and loading pole requirements.

MAINTENANCE

56.6800  Storage facilities.
56.6801  Vehicle repair.
56.6802  Bulk delivery vehicles.
56.6803  Blasting lines.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

56.6900  Damaged or deteriorated explosive material.
56.6901  Black powder.
56.6902  Excessive temperatures.
56.6903  Burning explosive material.
56.6904  Smoking and open flames.
57.6905  Protection of explosive material.

Subpart E--Explosives


Sec. 56.6000  Definitions.

    The following definitions apply in this subpart.
    Attended. Presence of an individual or continuous monitoring to 
prevent unauthorized entry or access.
    Barrier. A material object, or objects that separates, keeps apart, 
or demarcates in a conspicuous manner such as cones, a warning sign, or 
tape.
    Blast area. The area in which concussion (shock wave), flying 
material, or gases from an explosion may cause injury to persons. In 
determining the blast area, the following factors shall be considered:
    (1) Geology or material to be blasted.
    (2) Blast pattern.
    (3) Burden, depth, diameter, and angle of the holes.
    (4) Blasting experience of the mine.
    (5) Delay system, powder factor, and pounds per delay.
    (6) Type and amount of explosive material.
    (7) Type and amount of stemming.
    Blast site. The area where explosive material is handled during 
loading, including the perimeter formed by the loaded blastholes and 50 
feet (15.2 meters) in all directions from loaded holes. A minimum 
distance of 30 feet (9.1 meters) may replace the 50-foot (15.2-meter) 
requirement if the perimeter of loaded holes is demarcated with a 
barrier. The 50-foot (15.2-meter) and alternative 30-foot (9.1-meter)

[[Page 36796]]

requirements also apply in all directions along the full depth of the 
hole.
    Blasting agent. Any substance classified as a blasting agent by the 
Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.114a(a). This document is 
available at any MSHA Metal and Nonmetal Safety and Health district 
office.
    Detonating cord. A flexible cord containing a center core of high 
explosives which may be used to initiate other explosives.
    Detonator. Any device containing a detonating charge used to 
initiate an explosive. These devices include electric or nonelectric 
instantaneous or delay blasting caps and delay connectors. The term 
``detonator'' does not include detonating cord. Detonators may be 
either ``Class A'' detonators or ``Class C'' detonators, as classified 
by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.53, and 173.100. This 
document is available at any MSHA Metal and Nonmetal Safety and Health 
district office.
    Emulsion. An explosive material containing substantial amounts of 
oxidizers dissolved in water droplets, surrounded by an immiscible 
fuel.
    Explosive. Any substance classified as an explosive by the 
Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.53, 173.88, and 173.100. 
This document is available at any MSHA Metal and Nonmetal Safety and 
Health district office.
    Explosive material. Explosives, blasting agents, and detonators.
    Flash point. The minimum temperature at which sufficient vapor is 
released by a liquid to form a flammable vapor-air mixture near the 
surface of the liquid.
    Igniter cord. A fuse that burns progressively along its length with 
an external flame at the zone of burning, used for lighting a series of 
safety fuses in a desired sequence.
    Laminated partition. A partition composed of the following material 
and minimum nominal dimensions: \1/2\-inch-thick plywood, \1/2\-inch-
thick gypsum wallboard, \1/8\-inch-thick low carbon steel, and \1/4\-
inch-thick plywood, bonded together in that order (IME-22 Box). A 
laminated partition also includes alternative construction materials 
described in the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) Safety Library 
Publication No. 22, ``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of 
Detonators in a Vehicle with other Explosive Materials,'' (May 1993), 
and the ``Generic Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container,'' (October 
1993). This incorporation by reference has been approved by the 
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 
1 CFR part 51. Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, 
Room 728, Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and Nonmetal Mine 
Safety and Health district offices, or available for inspection at the 
Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., 7th 
Floor, suite 700, Washington, DC.
    Loading. Placing explosive material either in a blasthole or 
against the material to be blasted.
    Magazine. A bullet-resistant, theft-resistant, fire-resistant, 
weather-resistant, ventilated facility for the storage of explosives 
and detonators (BATF Type 1 or Type 2 facility).
    Misfire. The complete or partial failure of explosive material to 
detonate as planned. The term also is used to describe the explosive 
material itself that has failed to detonate.
    Multipurpose dry-chemical fire extinguisher. An extinguisher having 
a rating of at least 2-A:10-B:C and containing a nominal 4.5 pounds or 
more of dry-chemical agent.
    Primer. A unit, package, or cartridge of explosives which contains 
a detonator and is used to initiate other explosives or blasting 
agents.
    Safety switch. A switch that provides shunt protection in blasting 
circuits between the blast site and the switch used to connect a power 
source to the blasting circuit.
    Slurry. An explosive material containing substantial portions of a 
liquid, oxidizers, and fuel, plus a thickener.
    Storage facility. The entire class of structures used to store 
explosive materials. A ``storage facility'' used to store blasting 
agents corresponds to a BATF Type 4 or 5 storage facility.
    Water gel. An explosive material containing substantial portions of 
water, oxidizers, and fuel, plus a cross-linking agent.
STORAGE


Sec. 56.6100  Separation of stored explosive material.

    (a) Detonators shall not be stored in the same magazine with other 
explosive material.
    (b) When stored in the same magazine, blasting agents shall be 
separated from explosives, safety fuse, and detonating cord to prevent 
contamination.


Sec. 56.6101  Areas around explosive material storage facilities.

    (a) Areas surrounding storage facilities for explosive material 
shall be clear of rubbish, brush, dry grass, and trees for 25 feet in 
all directions, except that live trees 10 feet or taller need not be 
removed.
    (b) Other combustibles shall not be stored or allowed to accumulate 
within 50 feet of explosive material. Combustible liquids shall be 
stored in a manner that ensures drainage will occur away from the 
explosive material storage facility in case of tank rupture.


Sec. 56.6102  Explosive material storage practices.

    (a) Explosive material shall be--
    (1) Stored in a manner to facilitate use of oldest stocks first;
    (2) Stored according to brand and grade in such a manner as to 
facilitate identification; and
    (3) Stacked in a stable manner but not more than 8 feet high.
    (b) Explosives and detonators shall be stored in closed 
nonconductive containers except that nonelectric detonating devices may 
be stored on nonconductive racks provided the case-insert instructions 
and the date-plant-shift code are maintained with the product.


Sec. 56.6130  Explosive material storage facilities.

    (a) Detonators and explosives shall be stored in magazines.
    (b) Packaged blasting agents shall be stored in a magazine or other 
facility which is ventilated to prevent dampness and excessive heating, 
weather-resistant, and locked or attended. Drop trailers do not have to 
be ventilated if they are currently licensed by the Federal, State, or 
local authorities for over-the-road use. Facilities other than 
magazines used to store blasting agents shall contain only blasting 
agents.
    (c) Bulk blasting agents shall be stored in weather-resistant bins 
or tanks which are locked, attended, or otherwise inaccessible to 
unauthorized entry.
    (d) Facilities, bins or tanks shall be posted with the appropriate 
United States Department of Transportation placards or other 
appropriate warning signs that indicate the contents and are visible 
from each approach.


Sec. 56.6131  Location of explosive material storage facilities.

    (a) Storage facilities for any explosive material shall be--
    (1) Located so that the forces generated by a storage facility 
explosion will not create a hazard to occupants in mine buildings and 
will not damage dams or electric substations; and
    (2) Detached structures located outside the blast area and a 
sufficient distance from powerlines so that the powerlines, if damaged, 
would not contact the magazines.

[[Page 36797]]

    (b) Operators should also be aware of regulations affecting storage 
facilities in 27 CFR part 55, in particular, 27 CFR 55.218 and 55.220. 
This document is available at any MSHA Metal and Nonmetal Safety and 
Health district office.


Sec. 56.6132  Magazine requirements.

    (a) Magazines shall be--
    (1) Structurally sound;
    (2) Noncombustible or the exterior covered with fire-resistant 
material;
    (3) Bullet resistant;
    (4) Made of nonsparking material on the inside;
    (5) Ventilated to control dampness and excessive heating within the 
magazine;
    (6) Posted with the appropriate United States Department of 
Transportation placards or other appropriate warning signs that 
indicate the contents and are visible from each approach, so located 
that a bullet passing through any of the signs will not strike the 
magazine;
    (7) Kept clean and dry inside;
    (8) Unlighted or lighted by devices that are specifically designed 
for use in magazines and which do not create a fire or explosion 
hazard;
    (9) Unheated or heated only with devices that do not create a fire 
or explosion hazard;
    (10) Locked when unattended; and
    (11) Used exclusively for the storage of explosive material except 
for essential nonsparking equipment used for the operation of the 
magazine.
    (b) Metal magazines shall be equipped with electrical bonding 
connections between all conductive portions so the entire structure is 
at the same electrical potential. Suitable electrical bonding methods 
include welding, riveting, or the use of securely tightened bolts where 
individual metal portions are joined. Conductive portions of nonmetal 
magazines shall be grounded.
    (c) Electrical switches and outlets shall be located on the outside 
of the magazine.


Sec. 56.6133  Powder chests.

    (a) Powder chests (day boxes) shall be--
    (1) Structurally sound, weather-resistant, equipped with a lid or 
cover, and with only nonsparking material on the inside;
    (2) Posted with the appropriate United States Department of 
Transportation placards or other appropriate warning signs that 
indicate the contents and are visible from each approach;
    (3) Located out of the blast area once loading has been completed;
    (4) Locked or attended when containing explosive material; and
    (5) Emptied at the end of each shift with the contents returned to 
a magazine or other storage facility, or attended.
    (b) Detonators shall be kept in chests separate from explosives or 
blasting agents, unless separated by 4-inches of hardwood or 
equivalent, or a laminated partition. When a laminated partition is 
used, operators must follow the provisions of the Institute of Makers 
of Explosives (IME) Safety Library Publication No. 22, 
``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of Detonators in a 
Vehicle with other Explosive Materials,'' (May 1993), and the ``Generic 
Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container,'' (October 1993). This 
incorporation by reference has been approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. 
Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Room 728, 
Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and 
Health district offices, or available for inspection at the Office of 
the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., 7th Floor, suite 
700, Washington, DC.
TRANSPORTATION


Sec. 56.6200  Delivery to storage or blast site areas.

    Explosive material shall be transported without undue delay to the 
storage area or blast site.


Sec. 56.6201  Separation of transported explosive material.

    Detonators shall not be transported on the same vehicle or 
conveyance with other explosives except as follows:
    (a) Detonators in quantities of more than 1000 may be transported 
in a vehicle or conveyance with explosives or blasting agents provided 
the detonators are--
    (1) Maintained in the original packaging as shipped from the 
manufacturer; and
    (2) Separated from explosives or blasting agents by 4-inches of 
hardwood or equivalent, or a laminated partition. The hardwood or 
equivalent shall be fastened to the vehicle or conveyance. When a 
laminated partition is used, operators must follow the provisions of 
the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) Safety Library Publication 
No.22, ``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of Detonators in a 
Vehicle with other Explosive Materials,'' (May 1993), and the ``Generic 
Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container,'' (October 1993). This 
incorporation by reference has been approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. 
Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Room 728, 
Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and 
Health district offices, or available for inspection at the Office of 
the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., 7th Floor, suite 
700, Washington, DC.
    (b) Detonators in quantities of 1000 or fewer may be transported 
with explosives or blasting agents provided the detonators are--
    (1) Kept in closed containers; and
    (2) Separated from explosives or blasting agents by 4-inches of 
hardwood or equivalent, or a laminated partition. The hardwood or 
equivalent shall be fastened to the vehicle or conveyance. When a 
laminated partition is used, operators must follow the provisions of 
IME Safety Library Publication No. 22, ``Recommendations for the Safe 
Transportation of Detonators in a Vehicle with other Explosive 
Materials,'' (May 1993), and the ``Generic Loading Guide for the IME-22 
Container,'' (October 1993). This incorporation by reference has been 
approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 
Wilson Boulevard, Room 728, Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and 
Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health district offices, or available for 
inspection at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol 
Street, NW., 7th Floor, suite 700, Washington, DC.


Sec. 56.6202  Vehicles.

    (a) Vehicles containing explosive material shall be--
    (1) Maintained in good condition and shall comply with the 
requirements of subpart M of this part;
    (2) Equipped with sides and enclosures higher than the explosive 
material being transported or have the explosive material secured to a 
nonconductive pallet;
    (3) Equipped with a cargo space that shall contain the explosive 
material (passenger areas shall not be considered cargo space);
    (4) Equipped with at least two multipurpose dry-chemical fire 
extinguishers or one such extinguisher and an automatic fire 
suppression system;
    (5) Posted with warning signs that indicate the contents and are 
visible from each approach;
    (6) Occupied only by persons necessary for handling the explosive 
material;

[[Page 36798]]

    (7) Attended or the cargo compartment locked, except when parked at 
the blast site and loading is in progress; and
    (8) Secured while parked by having--
    (i) The brakes set;
    (ii) The wheels chocked if movement could occur; and
    (iii) The engine shut off unless powering a device being used in 
the loading operation.
    (b) Vehicles containing explosives shall have--
    (1) No sparking material exposed in the cargo space; and
    (2) Only properly secured nonsparking equipment in the cargo space 
with the explosives.
    (c) Vehicles used for dispensing bulk explosive material shall--
    (1) Have no zinc or copper exposed in the cargo space; and
    (2) Provide any enclosed screw-type conveyors with protection 
against internal pressure and frictional heat.


Sec. 56.6203  Locomotives.

    Explosive material shall not be transported on a locomotive. When 
explosive material is hauled by trolley locomotive, covered, 
electrically insulated cars shall be used.


Sec. 56.6204  Hoists.

    (a) Before explosive material is transported in hoist conveyances, 
the hoist operator shall be notified.
    (b) Explosive material transported in hoist conveyances shall be 
placed within a container which prevents shifting of the cargo that 
could cause detonation of the container by impact or by sparks. The 
manufacturer's container may be used if secured to a nonconductive 
pallet. When explosives are transported, they shall be secured so as 
not to contact any sparking material.
    (c) No explosive material shall be transported during a mantrip.


Sec. 56.6205  Conveying explosives by hand.

    Closed, nonconductive containers shall be used to carry explosives 
and detonators to and from blast sites. Separate containers shall be 
used for explosives and detonators.
USE


Sec. 56.6300  Control of blasting operations.

    (a) Only persons trained and experienced in the handling and use of 
explosive material shall direct blasting operations and related 
activities.
    (b) Trainees and inexperienced persons shall work only in the 
immediate presence of persons trained and experienced in the handling 
and use of explosive material.


Sec. 56.6301  Blasthole obstruction check.

    Before loading, blastholes shall be checked and, wherever possible, 
cleared of obstructions.


Sec. 56.6302  Separation of explosive material.

    Explosives and blasting agents shall be kept separated from 
detonators until loading begins.


Sec. 56.6303  Initiation preparation.

    (a) Primers shall be made up only at the time of use and as close 
to the blast site as conditions allow.
    (b) Primers shall be prepared with the detonator contained securely 
and completely within the explosive or contained securely and 
appropriately for its design in the tunnel or cap well.
    (c) When using detonating cord to initiate another explosive, a 
connection shall be prepared with the detonating cord threaded through, 
attached securely to, or otherwise in contact with the explosive.


Sec. 56.6304  Primer protection.

    (a) Tamping shall not be done directly on a primer.
    (b) Rigid cartridges of explosives or blasting agents that are 4 
inches (100 millimeters) in diameter or larger shall not be dropped on 
the primer except where the blasthole contains sufficient depth of 
water to protect the primer from impact. Slit packages of prill, water 
gel, or emulsions are not considered rigid cartridges and may be drop 
loaded.


Sec. 56.6305  Unused explosive material.

    Unused explosive material shall be moved to a protected location as 
soon as practical after loading operations are completed.


Sec. 56.6306  Loading, blasting, and security.

    (a) When explosive materials or initiating systems are brought to 
the blast site, the blast site shall be attended; barricaded and posted 
with warning signs, such as ``Danger,'' ``Explosives,'' or ``Keep 
Out;'' or flagged against unauthorized entry.
    (b) Vehicles and equipment shall not be driven over explosive 
material or initiating systems in a manner which could contact the 
material or systems, or create other hazards.
    (c) Once loading begins, the only activities permitted within the 
blast site shall be those activities directly related to the blasting 
operation and the activities of surveying, stemming, sampling of 
geology, and reopening of holes, provided that reasonable care is 
exercised. Haulage activity is permitted near the base of a highwall 
being loaded or awaiting firing, provided no other haulage access 
exists.
    (d) Loading and blasting shall be conducted in a manner designed to 
facilitate a continuous process, with the blast fired as soon as 
possible following the completion of loading. If blasting a loaded 
round may be delayed for more than 72 hours, the operator shall notify 
the appropriate MSHA district office.
    (e) In electric blasting prior to connecting to the power source, 
and in nonelectric blasting prior to attaching an initiating device, 
all persons shall leave the blast area except persons in a blasting 
shelter or other location that protects them from concussion (shock 
wave), flying material, and gases.
    (f) Before firing a blast--
    (1) Ample warning shall be given to allow all persons to be 
evacuated;
    (2) Clear exit routes shall be provided for persons firing the 
round; and
    (3) All access routes to the blast area shall be guarded or 
barricaded to prevent the passage of persons or vehicles.
    (g) Work shall not resume in the blast area until a post-blast 
examination addressing potential blast-related hazards has been 
conducted by a person with the ability and experience to perform the 
examination.


Sec. 56.6307  Drill stem loading.

    Explosive material shall not be loaded into blastholes with drill 
stem equipment or other devices that could be extracted while 
containing explosive material. The use of loading hose, collar sleeves, 
or collar pipes is permitted.


Sec. 56.6308  Initiation systems.

    Initiation systems shall be used in accordance with the 
manufacturer's instructions.


Sec. 56.6309  Fuel oil requirements for ANFO.

    (a) Liquid hydrocarbon fuels with flash points lower than that of 
No. 2 diesel oil (125  deg.F) shall not be used to prepare ammonium 
nitrate-fuel oil, except that diesel fuels with flash points no lower 
than 100  deg.F may be used at ambient air temperatures below 45 
deg.F.
    (b) Waste oil, including crankcase oil, shall not be used to 
prepare ammonium nitrate-fuel oil.


Sec. 56.6310  Misfire waiting period.

    When a misfire is suspected, persons shall not enter the blast 
area--
    (a) For 30 minutes if safety fuse and blasting caps are used; or
    (b) For 15 minutes if any other type detonators are used.


Sec. 56.6311  Handling of misfires.

    (a) Faces and muck piles shall be examined for misfires after each 
blasting operation.

[[Page 36799]]

    (b) Only work necessary to remove a misfire and protect the safety 
of miners engaged in the removal shall be permitted in the affected 
area until the misfire is disposed of in a safe manner.
    (c) When a misfire cannot be disposed of safely, each approach to 
the area affected by the misfire shall be posted with a warning sign at 
a conspicuous location to prohibit entry, and the condition shall be 
reported immediately to mine management.
    (d) Misfires occurring during the shift shall be reported to mine 
management not later than the end of the shift.


Sec. 56.6312  Secondary blasting.

    Secondary blasts fired at the same time in the same work area shall 
be initiated from one source.
ELECTRIC BLASTING


Sec. 56.6400  Compatibility of electric detonators.

    All electric detonators to be fired in a round shall be from the 
same manufacturer and shall have similar electrical firing 
characteristics.


Sec. 56.6401  Shunting.

    Except during testing--
    (a) Electric detonators shall be kept shunted until connected to 
the blasting line or wired into a blasting round;
    (b) Wired rounds shall be kept shunted until connected to the 
blasting line; and
    (c) Blasting lines shall be kept shunted until immediately before 
blasting.


Sec. 56.6402  Deenergized circuits near detonators.

    Electrical distribution circuits within 50 feet of electric 
detonators at the blast site shall be deenergized. Such circuits need 
not be deenergized between 25 to 50 feet of the electric detonators if 
stray current tests, conducted as frequently as necessary, indicate a 
maximum stray current of less than 0.05 amperes through a 1-ohm 
resistor as measured at the blast site.


Sec. 56.6403  Branch circuits.

    (a) If electric blasting includes the use of branch circuits, each 
branch shall be equipped with a safety switch or equivalent method to 
isolate the circuits to be used.
    (b) At least one safety switch or equivalent method of protection 
shall be located outside the blast area and shall be in the open 
position until persons are withdrawn.


Sec. 56.6404  Separation of blasting circuits from power source.

    (a) Switches used to connect the power source to a blasting circuit 
shall be locked in the open position except when closed to fire the 
blast.
    (b) Lead wires shall not be connected to the blasting switch until 
the shot is ready to be fired.


Sec. 56.6405  Firing devices.

    (a) Power sources shall be capable of delivering sufficient current 
to energize all electric detonators to be fired with the type of 
circuits used. Storage or dry cell batteries are not permitted as power 
sources.
    (b) Blasting machines shall be tested, repaired, and maintained in 
accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
    (c) Only the blaster shall have the key or other control to an 
electrical firing device.


Sec. 56.6406  Duration of current flow.

    If any part of a blast is connected in parallel and is to be 
initiated from powerlines or lighting circuits, the time of current 
flow shall be limited to a maximum of 25 milliseconds. This can be 
accomplished by incorporating an arcing control device in the blasting 
circuit or by interrupting the circuit with an explosive device 
attached to one or both lead lines and initiated by a 25-millisecond 
delay electric detonator.


Sec. 56.6407  Circuit testing.

    A blasting galvanometer or other instrument designed for testing 
blasting circuits shall be used to test each of the following:
    (a) Continuity of each electric detonator in the blasthole prior to 
stemming and connection to the blasting line.
    (b) Resistance of individual series or the resistance of multiple 
balanced series to be connected in parallel prior to their connection 
to the blasting line.
    (c) Continuity of blasting lines prior to the connection of 
electric detonator series.
    (d) Total blasting circuit resistance prior to connection to the 
power source.
NONELECTRIC BLASTING


Sec. 56.6500  Damaged initiating material.

    A visual check of the completed circuit shall be made to ensure 
that the components are properly aligned and connected. Safety fuse, 
igniter cord, detonating cord, shock or gas tubing, and similar 
material which is kinked, bent sharply, or damaged shall not be used.


Sec. 56.6501  Nonelectric initiation systems.

    (a) When the nonelectric initiation system uses shock tube--
    (1) Connections with other initiation devices shall be secured in a 
manner which provides for uninterrupted propagation;
    (2) Factory-made units shall be used as assembled and shall not be 
cut except that a single splice is permitted on the lead-in trunkline 
during dry conditions; and
    (3) Connections between blastholes shall not be made until 
immediately prior to clearing the blast site when surface delay 
detonators are used.
    (b) When the nonelectric initiation system uses detonating cord--
    (1) The line of detonating cord extending out of a blasthole shall 
be cut from the supply spool immediately after the attached explosive 
is correctly positioned in the hole;
    (2) In multiple row blasts, the trunkline layout shall be designed 
so that the detonation can reach each blasthole from at least two 
directions;
    (3) Connections shall be tight and kept at right angles to the 
trunkline;
    (4) Detonators shall be attached securely to the side of the 
detonating cord and pointed in the direction in which detonation is to 
proceed;
    (5) Connections between blastholes shall not be made until 
immediately prior to clearing the blast site when surface delay 
detonators are used; and
    (6) Lead-in lines shall be manually unreeled if connected to the 
trunklines at the blast site.
    (c) When the nonelectric initiation system uses gas tube, 
continuity of the circuit shall be tested prior to blasting.


Sec. 56.6502  Safety fuse.

    (a) The burning rate of each spool of safety fuse to be used shall 
be measured, posted in locations which will be conspicuous to safety 
fuse users, and brought to the attention of all persons involved with 
the blasting operation.
    (b) When firing with safety fuse ignited individually using 
handheld lighters, the safety fuse shall be of lengths which provide at 
least the minimum burning time for a particular size round, as 
specified in the following table:

              Table E-1.--Safety Fuse--Minimum Burning Time             
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Number of holes in a round             Minimum  burning time     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1......................................  2 min.\1\                      
2-5....................................  2 min. 40 sec.                 
6-10...................................  3 min. 20 sec.                 
11 to 15...............................  5 min.                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For example, at least a 36-inch length of 40-second-per-foot safety 
  fuse or at least a 48-inch length of 30-second-per-foot safety fuse   
  would have to be used to allow sufficient time to evacuate the area.  


[[Page 36800]]


    (c) Where flyrock might damage exposed safety fuse, the blast shall 
be timed so that all safety fuses are burning within the blastholes 
before any blasthole detonates.
    (d) Fuse shall be cut and capped in dry locations.
    (e) Blasting caps shall be crimped to fuse only with implements 
designed for that purpose.
    (f) Safety fuse shall be ignited only after the primer and the 
explosive material are securely in place.
    (g) Safety fuse shall be ignited only with devices designed for 
that purpose. Carbide lights, liquefied petroleum gas torches, and 
cigarette lighters shall not be used to light safety fuse.
    (h) At least two persons shall be present when lighting safety 
fuse, and no one shall light more than 15 individual fuses. If more 
than 15 holes per person are to be fired, electric initiation systems, 
igniter cord and connectors, or other nonelectric initiation systems 
shall be used.
EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY


Sec. 56.6600  Loading practices.

    If extraneous electricity is suspected in an area where electric 
detonators are used, loading shall be suspended until tests determine 
that stray current does not exceed 0.05 amperes through a 1-ohm 
resister when measured at the location of the electric detonators. If 
greater levels of extraneous electricity are found, the source shall be 
determined and no loading shall take place until the condition is 
corrected.


Sec. 56.6601  Grounding.

    Electric blasting circuits, including powerline sources when used, 
shall not be grounded.


Sec. 56.6602  Static electricity dissipation during loading.

    When explosive material is loaded pneumatically into a blasthole in 
a manner that generates a static electricity hazard--
    (a) An evaluation of the potential static electricity hazard shall 
be made and any hazard shall be eliminated before loading begins;
    (b) The loading hose shall be of a semiconductive type, have a 
total of not more than 2 megohms of resistance over its entire length 
and not less than 1000 ohms of resistance per foot;
    (c) Wire-countered hoses shall not be used;
    (d) Conductive parts of the loading equipment shall be bonded and 
grounded and grounds shall not be made to other potential sources of 
extraneous electricity; and
    (e) Plastic tubes shall not be used as hole liners if the hole 
contains an electric detonator.


Sec. 56.6603  Air gap.

    At least a 15-foot air gap shall be provided between the blasting 
circuit and the electric power source.


Sec. 56.6604  Precautions during storms.

    During the approach and progress of an electrical storm, blasting 
operations shall be suspended and persons withdrawn from the blast area 
or to a safe location.


Sec. 56.6605  Isolation of blasting circuits.

    Lead wires and blasting lines shall be isolated and insulated from 
power conductors, pipelines, and railroad tracks, and shall be 
protected from sources of stray or static electricity. Blasting 
circuits shall be protected from any contact between firing lines and 
overhead powerlines which could result from the force of a blast.
EQUIPMENT/TOOLS


Sec. 56.6700  Nonsparking tools.

    Only nonsparking tools shall be used to open containers of 
explosive material or to punch holes in explosive cartridges.


Sec. 56.6701  Tamping and loading pole requirements.

    Tamping and loading poles shall be of wood or other nonconductive, 
nonsparking material. Couplings for poles shall be nonsparking.
MAINTENANCE


Sec. 56.6800  Storage facilities.

    When repair work which could produce a spark or flame is to be 
performed on a storage facility--
    (a) The explosive material shall be moved to another facility, or 
moved at least 50 feet from the repair activity and monitored; and
    (b) The facility shall be cleaned to prevent accidental detonation.


Sec. 56.6801  Vehicle repair.

    Vehicles containing explosive material and oxidizers shall not be 
taken into a repair garage or shop.


Sec. 56.6802  Bulk delivery vehicles.

    No welding or cutting shall be performed on a bulk delivery vehicle 
until the vehicle has been washed down and all explosive material has 
been removed. Before welding or cutting on a hollow shaft, the shaft 
shall be thoroughly cleaned inside and out and vented with a minimum 
\1/2\-inch diameter opening to allow for sufficient ventilation.


Sec. 56.6803  Blasting lines.

    Permanent blasting lines shall be properly supported. All blasting 
lines shall be insulated and kept in good repair.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS


Sec. 56.6900  Damaged or deteriorated explosive material.

    Damaged or deteriorated explosive material shall be disposed of in 
a safe manner in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.


Sec. 56.6901  Black powder.

    (a) Black powder shall be used for blasting only when a desired 
result cannot be obtained with another type of explosive, such as in 
quarrying certain types of dimension stone.
    (b) Containers of black powder shall be--
    (1) Nonsparking;
    (2) Kept in a totally enclosed cargo space while being transported 
by a vehicle;
    (3) Securely closed at all times when--
    (i) Within 50 feet of any magazine or open flame;
    (ii) Within any building in which a fuel-fired or exposed-element 
electric heater is operating; or
    (iii) In an area where electrical or incandescent-particle sparks 
could result in powder ignition; and
    (4) Opened only when the powder is being transferred to a blasthole 
or another container and only in locations not listed in paragraph 
(b)(3) of this section.
    (c) Black powder shall be transferred from containers only by 
pouring.
    (d) Spills shall be cleaned up promptly with nonsparking equipment. 
Contaminated powder shall be put into a container of water and shall be 
disposed of promptly after the granules have disintegrated, or the 
spill area shall be flushed promptly with water until the granules have 
disintegrated completely.
    (e) Misfires shall be disposed of by washing the stemming and 
powder charge from the blasthole, and removing and disposing of the 
initiator in accordance with the requirement for damaged explosives.
    (f) Holes shall not be reloaded for at least 12 hours when the 
blastholes have failed to break as planned.


Sec. 56.6902  Excessive temperatures.

    (a) Where heat could cause premature detonation, explosive material 
shall not be loaded into hot areas, such as kilns or sprung holes.
    (b) When blasting sulfide ores where hot holes occur that may react 
with

[[Page 36801]]

explosive material in blastholes, operators shall--
    (1) Measure an appropriate number of blasthole temperatures in 
order to assess the specific mine conditions prior to the introduction 
of explosive material;
    (2) Limit the time between the completion of loading and the 
initiation of the blast to no more than 12 hours; and
    (3) Take other special precautions to address the specific 
conditions at the mine to prevent premature detonation.


Sec. 56.6903  Burning explosive material.

    If explosive material is suspected of burning at the blast site, 
persons shall be evacuated from the endangered area and shall not 
return for at least one hour after the burning or suspected burning has 
stopped.


Sec. 56.6904  Smoking and open flames.

    Smoking and use of open flames shall not be permitted within 50 
feet of explosive material except when separated by permanent 
noncombustible barriers. This standard does not apply to devices 
designed to ignite safety fuse or to heating devices which do not 
create a fire or explosion hazard.


Sec. 56.6905  Protection of explosive material.

    (a) Explosive material shall be protected from temperatures in 
excess of 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
    (b) Explosive material shall be protected from impact, except for 
tamping and dropping during loading.

PART 57--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 57 is revised to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 30 U.S.C. 811.

    2. Effective September 10, 1996, subpart E of part 57 is revised to 
read as follows:

Subpart E--Explosives

Sec.
57.6000  Definitions.

STORAGE--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6100  Separation of stored explosive material.
57.6101  Areas around explosive material storage facilities.
57.6102  Explosive material storage practices.

STORAGE--SURFACE ONLY

57.6130  Explosive material storage facilities.
57.6131  Location of explosive material storage facilities.
57.6132  Magazine requirements.
57.6133  Powder chests.

STORAGE--UNDERGROUND ONLY

57.6160  Main facilities.
57.6161  Auxiliary facilities.

TRANSPORTATION--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6200  Delivery to storage or blast site areas.
57.6201  Separation of transported explosive material.
57.6202  Vehicles.
57.6203  Locomotives.
57.6204  Hoists.
57.6205  Conveying explosives by hand.

USE--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6300  Control of blasting operations.
57.6301  Blasthole obstruction check.
57.6302  Separation of explosive material.
57.6303  Initiation preparation.
57.6304  Primer protection.
57.6305  Unused explosive material.
57.6306  Loading, blasting, and security.
57.6307  Drill stem loading.
57.6308  Initiation systems.
57.6309  Fuel oil requirements for ANFO.
57.6310  Misfire waiting period.
57.6311  Handling of misfires.
57.6312  Secondary blasting.

ELECTRIC BLASTING--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6400  Compatibility of electric detonators.
57.6401  Shunting.
57.6402  Deenergized circuits near detonators.
57.6403  Branch circuits.
57.6404  Separation of blasting circuits from power source.
57.6405  Firing devices.
57.6406  Duration of current flow.
57.6407  Circuit testing.

NONELECTRIC BLASTING--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6500  Damaged initiating material.
57.6501  Nonelectric initiation systems.
57.6502  Safety fuse.

EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6600  Loading practices.
57.6601  Grounding.
57.6602  Static electricity dissipation during loading.
57.6603  Air gap.
57.6604  Precautions during storms.
57.6605  Isolation of blasting circuits.

EQUIPMENT/TOOLS--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6700  Nonsparking tools.
57.6701  Tamping and loading pole requirements.

MAINTENANCE--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6800  Storage facilities.
57.6801  Vehicle repair.
57.6802  Bulk delivery vehicles.
57.6803  Blasting lines.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND

57.6900  Damaged or deteriorated explosive material.
57.6901  Black powder.
57.6902  Excessive temperatures.
57.6903  Burning explosive material.
57.6904  Smoking and open flames.
57.6905  Protection of explosive material.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS--UNDERGROUND ONLY

57.6960  Mixing of explosive material.

Subpart E--Explosives


Sec. 57.6000  Definitions.

    The following definitions apply in this subpart.
    Attended. Presence of an individual or continuous monitoring to 
prevent unauthorized entry or access. In addition, areas containing 
explosive material at underground areas of a mine can be considered 
attended when all access to the underground areas of the mine is 
secured from unauthorized entry. Vertical shafts shall be considered 
secure. Inclined shafts or adits shall be considered secure when locked 
at the surface.
    Barrier. A material object, or objects that separates, keeps apart, 
or demarcates in a conspicuous manner such as cones, a warning sign, or 
tape.
    Blast area. The area in which concussion (shock wave), flying 
material, or gases from an explosion may cause injury to persons. In 
determining the blast area, the following factors shall be considered:
    (1) Geology or material to be blasted.
    (2) Blast pattern.
    (3) Burden, depth, diameter, and angle of the holes.
    (4) Blasting experience of the mine.
    (5) Delay system, powder factor, and pounds per delay.
    (6) Type and amount of explosive material.
    (7) Type and amount of stemming.
    Blast site. The area where explosive material is handled during 
loading, including the perimeter formed by the loaded blastholes and 50 
feet (15.2 meters) in all directions from loaded holes. A minimum 
distance of 30 feet (9.1 meters) may replace the 50-foot (15.2-meter) 
requirement if the perimeter of loaded holes is demarcated with a 
barrier. The 50-foot (15.2-meter) and alternative 30-foot (9.1-meter) 
requirements also apply in all directions along the full depth of the 
hole. In underground mines, at least 15 feet (4.6 meters) of solid rib, 
pillar, or broken rock can be substituted for the 50-foot (15.2-meter) 
distance. In underground mines utilizing a block-caving system or 
similar system, at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) of solid rib or pillar, 
including concrete reinforcement of at least 10 inches (254 
millimeters), with overall dimensions of not less than 6 feet (1.8 
meters), may be substituted for the 50-foot (15.2-meter) distance 
requirement.
    Blasting agent. Any substance classified as a blasting agent by the 
Department of Transportation in 49 CFR

[[Page 36802]]

173.114a(a). This document is available at any MSHA Metal and Nonmetal 
Safety and Health district office.
    Detonating cord. A flexible cord containing a center core of high 
explosives which may be used to initiate other explosives.
    Detonator. Any device containing a detonating charge used to 
initiate an explosive. These devices include electric or nonelectric 
instantaneous or delay blasting caps, and delay connectors. The term 
``detonator'' does not include detonating cord. Detonators may be 
either ``Class A'' detonators or ``Class C'' detonators, as classified 
by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.53, and 173.100. This 
document is available at any MSHA Metal and Nonmetal Safety and Health 
district office.
    Emulsion. An explosive material containing substantial amounts of 
oxidizers dissolved in water droplets, surrounded by an immiscible 
fuel.
    Explosive. Any substance classified as an explosive by the 
Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.53, 173.88, and 173.100. 
This document is available at any MSHA Metal and Nonmetal Safety and 
Health district office.
    Explosive material. Explosives, blasting agents, and detonators.
    Flash point. The minimum temperature at which sufficient vapor is 
released by a liquid to form a flammable vapor-air mixture near the 
surface of the liquid.
    Igniter cord. A fuse that burns progressively along its length with 
an external flame at the zone of burning, used for lighting a series of 
safety fuses in a desired sequence.
    Laminated partition. A partition composed of the following material 
and minimum nominal dimensions: \1/2\-inch-thick plywood, \1/2\-inch-
thick gypsum wallboard, \1/8\-inch-thick low carbon steel, and \1/4\-
inch-thick plywood, bonded together in that order (IME-22 Box). A 
laminated partition also includes alternative construction materials 
described in the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) Safety Library 
Publication No. 22, ``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of 
Detonators in a Vehicle with other Explosive Materials.'' (May 1993), 
and the ``Generic Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container,'' (October 
1993). This incorporation by reference has been approved by the 
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 
1 CFR part 51. Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, 
Room 728, Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and Nonmetal Mine 
Safety and Health district offices, or available for inspection at the 
Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW., 7th 
Floor, suite 700, Washington, DC.
    Loading. Placing explosive material either in a blasthole or 
against the material to be blasted.
    Magazine. A bullet-resistant, theft-resistant, fire-resistant, 
weather-resistant, ventilated facility for the storage of explosives 
and detonators (BATF Type 1 or Type 2 facility).
    Misfire. The complete or partial failure of explosive material to 
detonate as planned. The term also is used to describe the explosive 
material itself that has failed to detonate.
    Multipurpose dry-chemical fire extinguisher. An extinguisher having 
a rating of at least 2-A:10-B:C and containing a nominal 4.5 pounds or 
more of dry-chemical agent.
    Primer. A unit, package, or cartridge of explosives which contains 
a detonator and is used to initiate other explosives or blasting 
agents.
    Safety switch. A switch that provides shunt protection in blasting 
circuits between the blast site and the switch used to connect a power 
source to the blasting circuit.
    Slurry. An explosive material containing substantial portions of a 
liquid, oxidizers, and fuel, plus a thickener.
    Storage facility. The entire class of structures used to store 
explosive materials. A ``storage facility'' used to store blasting 
agents corresponds to a BATF Type 4 or 5 storage facility.
    Water gel. An explosive material containing substantial portions of 
water, oxidizers, and fuel, plus a cross-linking agent.
STORAGE--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6100  Separation of stored explosive material.

    (a) Detonators shall not be stored in the same magazine with other 
explosive material.
    (b) When stored in the same magazine, blasting agents shall be 
separated from explosives, safety fuse, and detonating cord to prevent 
contamination.


Sec. 57.6101  Areas around explosive material storage facilities.

    (a) Areas surrounding storage facilities for explosive material 
shall be clear of rubbish, brush, dry grass, and trees for 25 feet in 
all directions, except that live trees 10 feet or taller need not be 
removed.
    (b) Other combustibles shall not be stored or allowed to accumulate 
within 50 feet of explosive material. Combustible liquids shall be 
stored in a manner that ensures drainage will occur away from the 
explosive material storage facility in case of tank rupture.


Sec. 57.6102  Explosive material storage practices.

    (a) Explosive material shall be--
    (1) Stored in a manner to facilitate use of oldest stocks first;
    (2) Stored according to brand and grade in such a manner as to 
facilitate identification; and
    (3) Stacked in a stable manner but not more than 8 feet high.
    (b) Explosives and detonators shall be stored in closed 
nonconductive containers except that nonelectric detonating devices may 
be stored on nonconductive racks provided the case-insert instructions 
and the date-plant-shift code are maintained with the product.
STORAGE--SURFACE ONLY


Sec. 57.6130  Explosive material storage facilities.

    (a) Detonators and explosives shall be stored in magazines.
    (b) Packaged blasting agents shall be stored in a magazine or other 
facility which is ventilated to prevent dampness and excessive heating, 
weather-resistant, and locked or attended. Drop trailers do not have to 
be ventilated if they are currently licensed by the Federal, State, or 
local authorities for over-the-road use. Facilities other than 
magazines used to store blasting agents shall contain only blasting 
agents.
    (c) Bulk blasting agents shall be stored in weather-resistant bins 
or tanks which are locked, attended, or otherwise inaccessible to 
unauthorized entry.
    (d) Facilities, bins or tanks shall be posted with the appropriate 
United States Department of Transportation placards or other 
appropriate warning signs that indicate the contents and are visible 
from each approach.


Sec. 57.6131  Location of explosive material storage facilities.

    (a) Storage facilities for any explosive material shall be--
    (1) Located so that the forces generated by a storage facility 
explosion will not create a hazard to occupants in mine buildings and 
will not damage dams or electric substations; and
    (2) Detached structures located outside the blast area and a 
sufficient distance from powerlines so that the powerlines, if damaged, 
would not contact the magazines.
    (b) Operators should also be aware of regulations affecting storage 
facilities in 27 CFR part 55, in particular, 27 CFR

[[Page 36803]]

55.218 and 55.220. This document is available at any MSHA Metal and 
Nonmetal Safety and Health district office.


Sec. 57.6132  Magazine requirements.

    (a) Magazines shall be--
    (1) Structurally sound;
    (2) Noncombustible or the exterior covered with fire-resistant 
material;
    (3) Bullet resistant;
    (4) Made of nonsparking material on the inside;
    (5) Ventilated to control dampness and excessive heating within the 
magazine;
    (6) Posted with the appropriate United States Department of 
Transportation placards or other appropriate warning signs that 
indicate the contents and are visible from each approach, so located 
that a bullet passing through any of the signs will not strike the 
magazine;
    (7) Kept clean and dry inside;
    (8) Unlighted or lighted by devices that are specifically designed 
for use in magazines and which do not create a fire or explosion 
hazard;
    (9) Unheated or heated only with devices that do not create a fire 
or explosion hazard;
    (10) Locked when unattended; and
    (11) Used exclusively for the storage of explosive material except 
for essential nonsparking equipment used for the operation of the 
magazine.
    (b) Metal magazines shall be equipped with electrical bonding 
connections between all conductive portions so the entire structure is 
at the same electrical potential. Suitable electrical bonding methods 
include welding, riveting, or the use of securely tightened bolts where 
individual metal portions are joined. Conductive portions of nonmetal 
magazines shall be grounded.
    (c) Electrical switches and outlets shall be located on the outside 
of the magazine.


Sec. 57.6133  Powder chests.

    (a) Powder chests (day boxes) shall be--
    (1) Structurally sound, weather-resistant, equipped with a lid or 
cover, and with only nonsparking material on the inside;
    (2) Posted with the appropriate United States Department of 
Transportation placards or other appropriate warning signs that 
indicate the contents and are visible from each approach;
    (3) Located out of the blast area once loading has been completed;
    (4) Locked or attended when containing explosive material; and
    (5) Emptied at the end of each shift with the contents returned to 
a magazine or other storage facility, or attended.
    (b) Detonators shall be kept in chests separate from explosives or 
blasting agents, unless separated by 4-inches of hardwood or 
equivalent, or a laminated partition. When a laminated partition is 
used, operators must follow the provisions of the Institute of Makers 
of Explosives (IME) Safety Library Publication No. 22, (May 1993), 
``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of Detonators in a 
Vehicle with other Explosive Materials,'' (May 1993), and the ``Generic 
Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container,'' (October 1993). This 
incorporation by reference has been approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. 
Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Room 728, 
Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and 
Health district offices, or available for inspection at the Office of 
the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW., 7th Floor, suite 
700, Washington, DC.
STORAGE--UNDERGROUND ONLY


Sec. 57.6160  Main facilities.

    (a) Main facilities used to store explosive material underground 
shall be located--
    (1) In stable or supported ground;
    (2) So that a fire or explosion in the storage facilities will not 
prevent escape from the mine, or cause detonation of the contents of 
another storage facility;
    (3) Out of the line of blasts, and protected from vehicular 
traffic, except that accessing the facility;
    (4) At least 200 feet from work places or shafts;
    (5) At least 50 feet from electric substations;
    (6) A safe distance from trolley wires; and
    (7) At least 25 feet from detonator storage facilities.
    (b) Main facilities used to store explosive material underground 
shall be--
    (1) Posted with warning signs that indicate the contents and are 
visible from any approach;
    (2) Used exclusively for the storage of explosive material and 
necessary equipment associated with explosive material storage and 
delivery:
    (i) Portions of the facility used for the storage of explosives 
shall only contain nonsparking material or equipment.
    (ii) The blasting agent portion of the facility may be used for the 
storage of other necessary equipment;
    (3) Kept clean, suitably dry, and orderly;
    (4) Provided with unobstructed ventilation openings;
    (5) Kept securely locked unless all access to the mine is either 
locked or attended; and
    (6) Unlighted or lighted only with devices that do not create a 
fire or explosion hazard and which are specifically designed for use in 
magazines.
    (c) Electrical switches and outlets shall be located outside the 
facility.


Sec. 57.6161  Auxiliary facilities.

    (a) Auxiliary facilities used to store explosive material near work 
places shall be wooden, box-type containers equipped with covers or 
doors, or facilities constructed or mined-out to provide equivalent 
impact resistance and confinement.
    (b) The auxiliary facilities shall be--
    (1) Constructed of nonsparking material on the inside when used for 
the storage of explosives;
    (2) Kept clean, suitably dry, and orderly;
    (3) Kept in repair;
    (4) Located out of the line of blasts so they will not be subjected 
to damaging shock or flyrock;
    (5) Identified with warning signs or coded to indicate the contents 
with markings visible from any approach;
    (6) Located at least 15 feet from all haulageways and electrical 
equipment, or placed entirely within a mined-out recess in the rib used 
exclusively for explosive material;
    (7) Filled with no more than a one-week supply of explosive 
material;
    (8) Separated by at least 25 feet from other facilities used to 
store detonators; and
    (9) Kept securely locked unless all access to the mine is either 
locked or attended.
TRANSPORTATION--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6200  Delivery to storage or blast site areas.

    Explosive material shall be transported without undue delay to the 
storage area or blast site.


Sec. 57.6201  Separation of transported explosive material.

    Detonators shall not be transported on the same vehicle or 
conveyance with other explosives except as follows:
    (a) Detonators in quantities of more than 1,000 may be transported 
in a vehicle or conveyance with explosives or blasting agents provided 
the detonators are--
    (1) Maintained in the original packaging as shipped from the 
manufacturer; and

[[Page 36804]]

    (2) Separated from explosives or blasting agents by 4 inches of 
hardwood or equivalent, or a laminated partition. The hardwood or 
equivalent shall be fastened to the vehicle or conveyance. When a 
laminated partition is used, operators must follow the provisions of 
the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) Safety Library Publication 
No. 22, ``Recommendations for the Safe Transportation of Detonators in 
a Vehicle with other Explosive Materials'' (May 1993), and the 
``Generic Loading Guide for the IME-22 Container'' (October 1993). This 
incorporation by reference has been approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. 
Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Room 728, 
Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and 
Health district offices, or available for examination at the Office of 
the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW., 7th Floor, suite 
700, Washington, DC.
    (b) Detonators in quantities of 1,000 or fewer may be transported 
with explosives or blasting agents provided the detonators are--
    (1) Kept in closed containers; and
    (2) Separated from explosives or blasting agents by 4 inches of 
hardwood or equivalent, or a laminated partition. The hardwood or 
equivalent shall be fastened to the vehicle or conveyance. When a 
laminated partition is used, operators must follow the provisions of 
IME Safety Library Publication No. 22, ``Recommendations for the Safe 
Transportation of Detonators in a Vehicle with other Explosive 
Materials'' (May 1993), and the ``Generic Loading Guide for the IME-22 
Container'' (October 1993). This incorporation by reference has been 
approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies are available at MSHA, 4015 
Wilson Boulevard, Room 728, Arlington, VA 22203, and at all Metal and 
Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health district offices, or available for 
examination at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol 
Street NW., 7th Floor, suite 700, Washington, DC.


Sec. 57.6202  Vehicles.

    (a) Vehicles containing explosive material shall be--
    (1) Maintained in good condition and shall comply with the 
requirements of subpart M of this part;
    (2) Equipped with sides and enclosures higher than the explosive 
material being transported or have the explosive material secured to a 
nonconductive pallet;
    (3) Equipped with a cargo space that shall contain the explosive 
material (passenger areas shall not be considered cargo space);
    (4) Equipped with at least two multipurpose dry-chemical fire 
extinguishers or one such extinguisher and an automatic fire 
suppression system;
    (5) Posted with warning signs that indicate the contents and are 
visible from each approach;
    (6) Occupied only by persons necessary for handling the explosive 
material;
    (7) Attended or the cargo compartment locked at surface areas of 
underground mines, except when parked at the blast site and loading is 
in progress; and
    (8) Secured while parked by having--
    (i) The brakes set;
    (ii) The wheels chocked if movement could occur; and
    (iii) The engine shut off unless powering a device being used in 
the loading operation.
    (b) Vehicles containing explosives shall have--
    (1) No sparking material exposed in the cargo space; and
    (2) Only properly secured nonsparking equipment in the cargo space 
with the explosives.
    (c) Vehicles used for dispensing bulk explosive material shall--
    (1) Have no zinc or copper exposed in the cargo space; and
    (2) Provide any enclosed screw-type conveyors with protection 
against internal pressure and frictional heat.


Sec. 57.6203  Locomotives.

    Explosive material shall not be transported on a locomotive. When 
explosive material is hauled by trolley locomotive, covered, 
electrically insulated cars shall be used.


Sec. 57.6204  Hoists.

    (a) Before explosive material is transported in hoist conveyances--
    (1) The hoist operator shall be notified; and
    (2) Hoisting in adjacent shaft compartments, except for empty 
conveyances or counterweights, shall be stopped until transportation of 
the explosive material is completed.
    (b) Explosive material transported in hoist conveyances shall be 
placed within a container which prevents shifting of the cargo that 
could cause detonation of the container by impact or by sparks. The 
manufacturer's container may be used if secured to a nonconductive 
pallet. When explosives are transported, they shall be secured so as 
not to contact any sparking material.
    (c) No explosive material shall be transported during a mantrip.


Sec. 57.6205  Conveying explosives by hand.

    Closed, nonconductive containers shall be used to carry explosives 
and detonators to and from blast sites. Separate containers shall be 
used for explosives and detonators.
USE--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6300  Control of blasting operations.

    (a) Only persons trained and experienced in the handling and use of 
explosive material shall direct blasting operations and related 
activities.
    (b) Trainees and inexperienced persons shall work only in the 
immediate presence of persons trained and experienced in the handling 
and use of explosive material.


Sec. 57.6301  Blasthole obstruction check.

    Before loading, blastholes shall be checked and, wherever possible, 
cleared of obstructions.


Sec. 57.6302  Separation of explosive material.

    Explosives and blasting agents shall be kept separated from 
detonators until loading begins.


Sec. 57.6303  Initiation preparation.

    (a) Primers shall be made up only at the time of use and as close 
to the blast site as conditions allow.
    (b) Primers shall be prepared with the detonator contained securely 
and completely within the explosive or contained securely and 
appropriately for its design in the tunnel or cap well.
    (c) When using detonating cord to initiate another explosive, a 
connection shall be prepared with the detonating cord threaded through, 
attached securely to, or otherwise in contact with the explosive.


Sec. 57.6304  Primer protection.

    (a) Tamping shall not be done directly on a primer.
    (b) Rigid cartridges of explosives or blasting agents that are 4 
inches (100 millimeters) in diameter or larger shall not be dropped on 
the primer except where the blasthole contains sufficient depth of 
water to protect the primer from impact. Slit packages of prill, water 
gel, or emulsions are not considered rigid cartridges and may be drop 
loaded.


Sec. 57.6305  Unused explosive material.

    Unused explosive material shall be moved to a protected location as 
soon as practical after loading operations are completed.

[[Page 36805]]

Sec. 57.6306  Loading, blasting, and security.

    (a) When explosive materials or initiating systems are brought to 
the blast site, the blast site shall be attended; barricaded and posted 
with warning signs, such as ``Danger,'' ``Explosives,'' or ``Keep 
Out;'' or flagged against unauthorized entry.
    (b) Vehicles and equipment shall not be driven over explosive 
material or initiating systems in a manner which could contact the 
material or system, or create other hazards.
    (c) Once loading begins, the only activities permitted within the 
blast site shall be those activities directly related to the blasting 
operation and the activities of surveying, stemming, sampling of 
geology, and reopening of holes, provided that reasonable care is 
exercised. Haulage activity is permitted near the base of bench faces 
being loaded or awaiting firing, provided no other haulage access 
exists.
    (d) Loading and blasting shall be conducted in a manner designed to 
facilitate a continuous process, with the blast fired as soon as 
possible following the completion of loading. If blasting a loaded 
round may be delayed for more than 72 hours, the operator shall notify 
the appropriate MSHA district office.
    (e) In electric blasting prior to connecting to the power source, 
and in nonelectric blasting prior to attaching an initiating device, 
all persons shall leave the blast area except persons in a blasting 
shelter or other location that protects them from concussion (shock 
wave), flying material, and gases.
    (f) Before firing a blast--
    (1) Ample warning shall be given to allow all persons to be 
evacuated;
    (2) Clear exit routes shall be provided for persons firing the 
round; and
    (3) All access routes to the blast area shall be guarded or 
barricaded to prevent the passage of persons or vehicles.
    (g) Work shall not be resumed in the blast area until a post-blast 
examination addressing potential blast-related hazards has been 
conducted by a person with the ability and experience to perform the 
examination.


Sec. 57.6307  Drill stem loading.

    Explosive material shall not be loaded into blastholes with drill 
stem equipment or other devices that could be extracted while 
containing explosive material. The use of loading hose, collar sleeves, 
or collar pipes is permitted.


Sec. 57.6308  Initiation systems.

    Initiation systems shall be used in accordance with the 
manufacturer's instructions.


Sec. 57.6309  Fuel oil requirements for ANFO.

    (a) Liquid hydrocarbon fuels with flash points lower than that of 
No. 2 diesel oil (125  deg.F) shall not be used to prepare ammonium 
nitrate-fuel oil, except that diesel fuels with flash points no lower 
than 100  deg.F may be used at ambient air temperatures below 45 
deg.F.
    (b) Waste oil, including crankcase oil, shall not be used to 
prepare ammonium nitrate-fuel oil.


Sec. 57.6310  Misfire waiting period.

    When a misfire is suspected, persons shall not enter the blast 
area--
    (a) For 30 minutes if safety fuse and blasting caps are used; or
    (b) For 15 minutes if any other type detonators are used.


Sec. 57.6311  Handling of misfires.

    (a) Faces and muck piles shall be examined for misfires after each 
blasting operation.
    (b) Only work necessary to remove a misfire and protect the safety 
of miners engaged in the removal shall be permitted in the affected 
area until the misfire is disposed of in a safe manner.
    (c) When a misfire cannot be disposed of safely, each approach to 
the area affected by the misfire shall be posted with a warning sign at 
a conspicuous location to prohibit entry, and the condition shall be 
reported immediately to mine management.
    (d) Misfires occurring during the shift shall be reported to mine 
management not later than the end of the shift.


Sec. 57.6312  Secondary blasting.

    Secondary blasts fired at the same time in the same work area shall 
be initiated from one source.
ELECTRIC BLASTING--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6400  Compatibility of electric detonators.

    All electric detonators to be fired in a round shall be from the 
same manufacturer and shall have similar electrical firing 
characteristics.


Sec. 57.6401  Shunting.

    Except during testing--
    (a) Electric detonators shall be kept shunted until connected to 
the blasting line or wired into a blasting round;
    (b) Wired rounds shall be kept shunted until connected to the 
blasting line; and
    (c) Blasting lines shall be kept shunted until immediately before 
blasting.


Sec. 57.6402  Deenergized circuits near detonators.

    Electrical distribution circuits within 50 feet of electric 
detonators at the blast site shall be deenergized. Such circuits need 
not be deenergized between 25 to 50 feet of the electric detonators if 
stray current tests, conducted as frequently as necessary, indicate a 
maximum stray current of less than 0.05 ampere through a 1-ohm resistor 
as measured at the blast site.


Sec. 57.6403  Branch circuits.

    (a) If electric blasting includes the use of branch circuits, each 
branch shall be equipped with a safety switch or equivalent method to 
isolate the circuits to be used.
    (b) At least one safety switch or equivalent method of protection 
shall be located outside the blast area and shall be in the open 
position until persons are withdrawn.


Sec. 57.6404  Separation of blasting circuits from power source.

    (a) Switches used to connect the power source to a blasting circuit 
shall be locked in the open position except when closed to fire the 
blast.
    (b) Lead wires shall not be connected to the blasting switch until 
the shot is ready to be fired.


Sec. 57.6405  Firing devices.

    (a) Power sources shall be capable of delivering sufficient current 
to energize all electric detonators to be fired with the type of 
circuits used. Storage or dry cell batteries are not permitted as power 
sources.
    (b) Blasting machines shall be tested, repaired, and maintained in 
accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
    (c) Only the blaster shall have the key or other control to an 
electrical firing device.


Sec. 57.6406  Duration of current flow.

    If any part of a blast is connected in parallel and is to be 
initiated from powerlines or lighting circuits, the time of current 
flow shall be limited to a maximum of 25 milliseconds. This can be 
accomplished by incorporating an arcing control device in the blasting 
circuit or by interrupting the circuit with an explosive device 
attached to one or both lead lines and initiated by a 25-millisecond 
delay electric detonator.


Sec. 57.6407  Circuit testing.

    A blasting galvanometer or other instrument designed for testing 
blasting circuits shall be used to test the following:
    (a) In surface operations--
    (1) Continuity of each electric detonator in the blasthole prior to 
stemming and connection to the blasting line;

[[Page 36806]]

    (2) Resistance of individual series or the resistance of multiple 
balanced series to be connected in parallel prior to their connection 
to the blasting line;
    (3) Continuity of blasting lines prior to the connection of 
electric detonator series; and
    (4) Total blasting circuit resistance prior to connection to the 
power source.
    (b) In underground operations--
    (1) Continuity of each electric detonator series; and
    (2) Continuity of blasting lines prior to the connection of 
electric detonators.
NONELECTRIC BLASTING--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6500  Damaged initiating material.

    A visual check of the completed circuit shall be made to ensure 
that the components are properly aligned and connected. Safety fuse, 
igniter cord, detonating cord, shock or gas tubing, and similar 
material which is kinked, bent sharply, or damaged shall not be used.


Sec. 57.6501  Nonelectric initiation systems.

    (a) When the nonelectric initiation system uses shock tube--
    (1) Connections with other initiation devices shall be secured in a 
manner which provides for uninterrupted propagation;
    (2) Factory-made units shall be used as assembled and shall not be 
cut except that a single splice is permitted on the lead-in trunkline 
during dry conditions; and
    (3) Connections between blastholes shall not be made until 
immediately prior to clearing the blast site when surface delay 
detonators are used.
    (b) When the nonelectric initiation system uses detonating cord--
    (1) The line of detonating cord extending out of a blasthole shall 
be cut from the supply spool immediately after the attached explosive 
is correctly positioned in the hole;
    (2) In multiple row blasts, the trunkline layout shall be designed 
so that the detonation can reach each blasthole from at least two 
directions;
    (3) Connections shall be tight and kept at right angles to the 
trunkline;
    (4) Detonators shall be attached securely to the side of the 
detonating cord and pointed in the direction in which detonation is to 
proceed;
    (5) Connections between blastholes shall not be made until 
immediately prior to clearing the blast site when surface delay 
detonators are used; and
    (6) Lead-in lines shall be manually unreeled if connected to the 
trunklines at the blast site.
    (c) When nonelectric initiation systems use gas tube, continuity of 
the circuit shall be tested prior to blasting.


Sec. 57.6502  Safety fuse.

    (a) The burning rate of each spool of safety fuse to be used shall 
be measured, posted in locations which will be conspicuous to safety 
fuse users, and brought to the attention of all persons involved with 
the blasting operation.
    (b) When firing with safety fuse ignited individually using 
handheld lighters, the safety fuse shall be of lengths which provide at 
least the minimum burning time for a particular size round, as 
specified in the following table:

              Table E-1.--Safety Fuse--Minimum Burning Time             
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Number of holes in a round             Minimum  burning time     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1......................................  2 min.\1\                      
2-5....................................  2 min. 40 sec.                 
6-10...................................  3 min. 20 sec.                 
11 to 15...............................  5 min.                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For example, at least a 36-inch length of 40-second-per-foot safety 
  fuse or at least a 48-inch length of 30-second-per-foot safety fuse   
  would have to be used to allow sufficient time to evacuate the area.  

    (c) Where flyrock might damage exposed safety fuse, the blast shall 
be timed so that all safety fuses are burning within the blastholes 
before any blasthole detonates.
    (d) Fuse shall be cut and capped in dry locations.
    (e) Blasting caps shall be crimped to fuse only with implements 
designed for that purpose.
    (f) Safety fuse shall be ignited only after the primer and the 
explosive material are securely in place.
    (g) Safety fuse shall be ignited only with devices designed for 
that purpose. Carbide lights, liquefied petroleum gas torches, and 
cigarette lighters shall not be used to light safety fuse.
    (h) At least two persons shall be present when lighting safety 
fuse, and no one shall light more than 15 individual fuses. If more 
than 15 holes per person are to be fired, electric initiation systems, 
igniter cord and connectors, or other nonelectric initiation systems 
shall be used.
EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6600  Loading practices.

    If extraneous electricity is suspected in an area where electric 
detonators are used, loading shall be suspended until tests determine 
that stray current does not exceed 0.05 amperes through a 1-ohm 
resister when measured at the location of the electric detonators. If 
greater levels of extraneous electricity are found, the source shall be 
determined and no loading shall take place until the condition is 
corrected.


Sec. 57.6601  Grounding.

    Electric blasting circuits, including powerline sources when used, 
shall not be grounded.


Sec. 57.6602  Static electricity dissipation during loading.

    When explosive material is loaded pneumatically into a blasthole in 
a manner that generates a static electricity hazard--
    (a) An evaluation of the potential static electricity hazard shall 
be made and any hazard shall be eliminated before loading begins;
    (b) The loading hose shall be of a semiconductive type, have a 
total of not more than 2 megohms of resistance over its entire length 
and not less than 1000 ohms of resistance per foot;
    (c) Wire-countered hoses shall not be used;
    (d) Conductive parts of the loading equipment shall be bonded and 
grounded and grounds shall not be made to other potential sources of 
extraneous electricity; and
    (e) Plastic tubes shall not be used as hole liners if the hole 
contains an electric detonator.


Sec. 57.6603  Air gap.

    At least a 15-foot air gap shall be provided between the blasting 
circuit and the electric power source.


Sec. 57.6604  Precautions during storms.

    During the approach and progress of an electrical storm--
    (a) Surface blasting operations shall be suspended and persons 
withdrawn from the blast area or to a safe location; or
    (b) Underground electrical blasting operations that are capable of 
being initiated by lightning shall be suspended and all persons 
withdrawn from the blast area or to a safe location.


Sec. 57.6605  Isolation of blasting circuits.

    Lead wires and blasting lines shall be isolated and insulated from 
power conductors, pipelines, and railroad tracks, and shall be 
protected from sources of stray or static electricity. Blasting 
circuits shall be protected from any contact between firing lines and 
overhead powerlines which could result from the force of a blast.
EQUIPMENT/TOOLS--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6700  Nonsparking tools.

    Only nonsparking tools shall be used to open containers of 
explosive material or to punch holes in explosive cartridges.

[[Page 36807]]

Sec. 57.6701  Tamping and loading pole requirements.

    Tamping and loading poles shall be of wood or other nonconductive, 
nonsparking material. Couplings for poles shall be nonsparking.
MAINTENANCE--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6800  Storage facilities.

    When repair work which could produce a spark or flame is to be 
performed on a storage facility--
    (a) The explosive material shall be moved to another facility, or 
moved at least 50 feet from the repair activity and monitored; and
    (b) The facility shall be cleaned to prevent accidental detonation.


Sec. 57.6801  Vehicle repair.

    Vehicles containing explosive material and oxidizers shall not be 
taken into a repair garage or shop.


Sec. 57.6802  Bulk delivery vehicles.

    No welding or cutting shall be performed on a bulk delivery vehicle 
until the vehicle has been washed down and all explosive material has 
been removed. Before welding or cutting on a hollow shaft, the shaft 
shall be thoroughly cleaned inside and out and vented with a minimum 
\1/2\-inch diameter opening to allow for sufficient ventilation.


Sec. 57.6803  Blasting lines.

    Permanent blasting lines shall be properly supported. All blasting 
lines shall be insulated and kept in good repair.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS--SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND


Sec. 57.6900  Damaged or deteriorated explosive material.

    Damaged or deteriorated explosive material shall be disposed of in 
a safe manner in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.


Sec. 57.6901  Black powder.

    (a) Black powder shall be used for blasting only when a desired 
result cannot be obtained with another type of explosive, such as in 
quarrying certain types of dimension stone.
    (b) Containers of black powder shall be--
    (1) Nonsparking;
    (2) Kept in a totally enclosed cargo space while being transported 
by a vehicle;
    (3) Securely closed at all times when--
    (i) Within 50 feet of any magazine or open flame;
    (ii) Within any building in which a fuel-fired or exposed-element 
electric heater is operating; or
    (iii) In an area where electrical or incandescent-particle sparks 
could result in powder ignition; and
    (4) Opened only when the powder is being transferred to a blasthole 
or another container and only in locations not listed in paragraph 
(b)(3) of this section.
    (c) Black powder shall be transferred from containers only by 
pouring.
    (d) Spills shall be cleaned up promptly with nonsparking equipment. 
Contaminated powder shall be put into a container of water and shall be 
disposed of promptly after the granules have disintegrated, or the 
spill area shall be flushed promptly with water until the granules have 
disintegrated completely.
    (e) Misfires shall be disposed of by washing the stemming and 
powder charge from the blasthole, and removing and disposing of the 
initiator in accordance with the requirement for damaged explosives.
    (f) Holes shall not be reloaded for at least 12 hours when the 
blastholes have failed to break as planned.


Sec. 57.6902  Excessive temperatures.

    (a) Where heat could cause premature detonation, explosive material 
shall not be loaded into hot areas, such as kilns or sprung holes.
    (b) When blasting sulfide ores where hot holes occur that may react 
with explosive material in blastholes, operators shall--
    (1) Measure an appropriate number of blasthole temperatures in 
order to assess the specific mine conditions prior to the introduction 
of explosive material;
    (2) Limit the time between the completion of loading and the 
initiation of the blast to no more than 12 hours; and
    (3) Take other special precautions to address the specific 
conditions at the mine to prevent premature detonation.


Sec. 57.6903  Burning explosive material.

    If explosive material is suspected of burning at the blast site, 
persons shall be evacuated from the endangered area and shall not 
return for at least one hour after the burning or suspected burning has 
stopped.


Sec. 57.6904  Smoking and open flames.

    Smoking and use of open flames shall not be permitted within 50 
feet of explosive material except when separated by permanent 
noncombustible barriers. This standard does not apply to devices 
designed to ignite safety fuse or to heating devices which do not 
create a fire or explosion hazard.


Sec. 57.6905  Protection of explosive material.

    (a) Explosive material shall be protected from temperatures in 
excess of 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
    (b) Explosive material shall be protected from impact, except for 
tamping and dropping during loading.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS--UNDERGROUND ONLY


Sec. 57.6960  Mixing of explosive material.

    (a) The mixing of ingredients to produce explosive material shall 
not be conducted underground unless prior approval of the MSHA district 
manager is obtained. In granting or withholding approval, the district 
manager shall consider the potential hazards created by--
    (1) The location of the stored material and the storage practices 
used;
    (2) The transportation and use of the explosive material;
    (3) The nature of the explosive material, including its 
sensitivity;
    (4) Any other factor deemed relevant to the safety of miners 
potentially exposed to the hazards associated with the mixing of the 
bulk explosive material underground.
    (b) Storage facilities for the ingredients to be mixed shall 
provide drainage away from the facilities for leaks and spills.

[FR Doc. 96-16861 Filed 7-11-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-43-P