[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 65 (Wednesday, April 3, 1996)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 14607-14608]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-8036]



 ========================================================================
 Rules and Regulations
                                                 Federal Register
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents 
 having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed 
 to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published 
 under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
 
 The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents. 
 Prices of new books are listed in the first FEDERAL REGISTER issue of each 
 week.
 
 ========================================================================
 

  Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 65 / Wednesday, April 3, 1996 / Rules 
and Regulations  

[[Page 14607]]


DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. NM-118; Special Conditions No. 25-ANM-112]


Special Conditions: Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), Model 
Galaxy, High-Intensity Radiated Fields

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration, DOT.

ACTION: Final special conditions.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Israel Aircraft 
Industries (IAI) Model Galaxy airplane. The new airplane will utilize 
new avionics/electronic systems, such as electronic displays and 
electronic engine controls, that perform critical functions. The 
applicable regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety 
standards for the protection of these systems from the effects of high-
intensity radiated fields (HIRF). These special conditions contain the 
additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary 
to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the 
existing airworthiness standards.

EFFECTIVE DATE: May 3, 1996.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Timothy Dulin, FAA, Standardization 
Branch, ANM-113, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification 
Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98055-4056; telephone 
(206) 227-2141; facsimile (206) 227-1149.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    On July 29, 1992, Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), Ben Gurion 
International Airport, Tel Aviv 70100, Israel, applied for a new type 
certificate in the transport airplane category for the Model Galaxy 
airplane. On April 19, 1995, IAI applied for an extension of the 
original application and selected June 21, 1994, as the new reference 
date of application. The Model Galaxy is a derivative of the IAI Model 
1125 Westwind Astra and is designed to be a long-range, high-speed 
airplane with a swept low wing and two aft-fuselage-mounted Pratt & 
Whitney Canada (PWC) 306A engines. The Model Galaxy will have a maximum 
takeoff weight of 33,450 pounds, a conventional empennage, a crew of 
two, and will be operated as an executive/corporate or commuter 
airplane with a maximum seating capacity of 19 passengers.

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of Sec. 21.17, IAI must show, except as 
provided in Sec. 25.2, that the Model Galaxy meets the applicable 
provisions of part 25, effective February 1, 1965, as amended by 
Amendments 25-1 through 25-82. In addition, the proposed certification 
basis for the Model Galaxy includes part 34, effective September 10, 
1990, including all amendments in effect at the time of certification; 
and part 36, effective December 1, 1969, including all amendments in 
effect at the time of certification. No exemptions are anticipated. 
These special conditions form an additional part of the type 
certification basis. In addition, the certification basis may include 
other special conditions that are not relevant to these special 
conditions.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., part 25, as amended) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the Model Galaxy because of a novel or 
unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the 
provisions of Sec. 21.16 to establish a level of safety equivalent to 
that established in the regulations.
    Special conditions, as appropriate, are issued in accordance with 
Sec. 11.49 of the FAR after public notice, as required by Secs. 11.28 
and 11.29, and become part of the type certification basis in 
accordance with Sec. 21.17(a)(2).
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the Model Galaxy must comply with the fuel vent and exhaust 
emission requirements of part 34 and the noise certification 
requirements of part 36, and the FAA must issue a finding of regulatory 
adequacy pursuant to Sec. 611 of Public Law 92-574, the ``Noise Control 
Act of 1972.''
    Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which 
they are issued. Should the type certificate for the model be amended 
later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or 
unusual design feature, the special conditions would also apply to the 
other model under the provisions of Sec. 21.101(a)(1).

Novel or Unusual Design Features

    The Model Galaxy airplane incorporates new avionic/electronic 
systems, such as electronic displays and electronic engine controls, 
that perform critical functions. These systems may be vulnerable to 
high-intensity radiated fields external to airplane.

Discussion

    There is no specific regulation that addresses protection 
requirements for electrical and electronic systems for HIRF. Increased 
power levels from ground-based radio transmitters and the growing use 
of sensitive electrical and electronic systems to command and control 
airplanes have made it necessary to provide adequate protection.
    To ensure that a level of safety is achieved equivalent to that 
intended by the applicable regulations, special conditions are needed 
for the IAI Galaxy to require that electrical and electronic systems 
which perform critical functions be designed and installed to preclude 
component damage and interruption of function due to both the direct 
and indirect effects of HIRF.

High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)

    With the trend toward increased power levels from ground-based 
transmitters, plus the advent of space and satellite communications, 
coupled with electronic command and control of the airplane, the 
immunity of critical digital avionics systems to HIRF must be 
established.
    It is not possible to precisely define the HIRF to which the 
airplane will be exposed in service. There is also uncertainty 
concerning the effectiveness of airframe shielding for HIRF. 
Furthermore, coupling of electromagnetic energy to cockpit-installed 
equipment through the cockpit window apertures is undefined. Based on 
surveys and analysis of existing HIRF emitters, an adequate level of 
protection exists when compliance with the HIRF

[[Page 14608]]
protection special condition is shown with either paragraphs 1 or 2 
below:
    1. A minimum threat of 100 volts per meter peak electric field 
strength from 10 KHz to 18 GHz.
    a. The threat must be applied to the system elements and their 
associated wiring harnesses without the benefit of airframe shielding.
    b. Demonstration of this level of protection is established through 
system tests and analysis.
    2. A threat external to the airframe of the following field 
strengths for the frequency ranges indicated.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Peak  (V/  Average (V/
                    Frequency                         M)          M)    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 KHz-100 KHz..................................          50          50
100 KHz-500 KHz.................................          60          60
500 KHz-2 MHz...................................          70          70
2 MHz-30 MHz....................................         200         200
30 MHz-100 MHz..................................          30          30
100 MHz-200 MHz.................................         150          33
200 MHz-400 MHz.................................          70          70
400 MHz-700 MHz.................................       4,020         935
700 MHz-1 GHz...................................       1,700         170
1 GHz-2 GHz.....................................       5,000         990
2 GHz-4 GHz.....................................       6,680         840
4 GHz-6 GHz.....................................       6,850         310
6 GHz-8 GHz.....................................       3,600         670
8 GHz-12 GHz....................................       3,500       1,270
12 GHz-18 GHz...................................       3,500         360
18 GHz-40 GHz...................................       2,100         750
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the 
IAI Model Galaxy. Should IAI apply at a later date for a change to the 
type certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel 
or unusual design feature, the special conditions would apply to that 
model as well, under the provisions of Sec. 21.101(a)(1).

Discussion of Comments

    Notice of proposed special conditions No. SC-95-6-NM for the IAI 
Model Galaxy airplanes was published in the Federal Register on October 
30, 1995 (60 FR 55221). No comments were received, and the special 
conditions are adopted as proposed.

Conclusion

    This action affects certain design features only on the IAI Galaxy 
airplane. It is not a rule of general applicability and affects only 
the manufacturer who applied to the FAA for approval of these features 
on the airplane.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and record keeping 
requirements.

    The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Special Conditions

    Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the 
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of 
the type certification basis for the IAI Model Galaxy airplanes.
    1. Protection from Unwanted Effects of High-Intensity Radiated 
Fields (HIRF). Each electrical and electronic system that performs 
critical functions must be designed and installed to ensure that the 
operation and operational capability of these systems to perform 
critical functions are not adversely affected when the airplane is 
exposed to high-intensity radiated fields.
    2. For the purpose of these special conditions, the following 
definition applies:
    Critical Functions. Functions whose failure would contribute to or 
cause a failure condition that would prevent the continued safe flight 
and landing of the airplane.

    Issued in Renton, Washington, on March 25, 1996.
Darrell M. Pederson,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate Aircraft Certification 
Service, ANM-100.
[FR Doc. 96-8036 Filed 4-2-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M