[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 23 (Friday, February 2, 1996)]
[Notices]
[Pages 4070-4130]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-2080]
[[Page 4069]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part IV
Office of Personnel Management
_______________________________________________________________________
Report on Winter 1995 Surveys Used to Determine Cost-of-Living
Allowances in Alaska; Notice
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 23 / Friday, February 2, 1994 /
Notices
[[Page 4070]]
OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
Report on Winter 1995 Surveys Used to Determine Cost-of-Living
Allowances in Alaska
AGENCY: Office of Personnel Management.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This notice publishes the ``Report To OPM On Living Costs In
Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, The Rest Of The State Of Alaska, And In
The Washington, DC, Area, November 6, 1995,'' prepared by Jack Faucett
Associates under Government contract OPM-94-BP-3816.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before April 2, 1996.
ADDRESSES: Send or deliver comments to Allan G. Hearne, Salary Systems
Division, Office of Compensation Policy, Human Resources Systems
Service, Office of Personnel Management, Room 6H31, 1900 E Street NW.,
Washington, DC 20415, or FAX to (202) 606-4264.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Allan G. Hearne, (202) 606-2838.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Sections 591.205(d) and 591.206(c) of title
5, Code of Federal Regulations, require that nonforeign area cost-of-
living allowance (COLA) survey summaries and calculations be published
in the Federal Register. Accordingly, OPM is publishing the complete
``Report To OPM On Living Costs In Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, The
Rest Of The State Of Alaska, And In The Washington, DC, Area, November
6, 1995,'' produced by Jack Faucett Associates under contract with OPM.
This report explains in detail the methodologies, calculations, and
findings of the winter 1995 living-cost surveys.
Survey Results. Jack Faucett Associates computed index values of
relative living costs in the allowance areas using an index scale where
the living costs in the Washington, DC, area equal 100. (See the
Executive Summary of the report.) OPM notes that the winter survey
indices showed that the COLA rate for the Rest of the State of Alaska
is currently set at the proper level but that the rates authorized for
all of the other Alaska allowance areas are above levels warranted by
the indices. However, the Treasury, Postal Service and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1992 (Pub. L. 102-141), as amended,
prohibits reductions in COLA rates through December 31, 1998.
Therefore, OPM is not proposing any adjustments in the COLA rates in
these allowance areas at this time.
Office of Personnel Management.
James B. King,
Director.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1. Introduction
1.1 Report Objections
1.2 Changes in This Year's Survey
1.2.1 Three-Year CES Moving Average
1.2.2 New Living Communities
1.2.3 Historical Housing Data
1.3 Pricing Period
2. The COLA Model
2.1 Measurement of Living-Cost Differences
2.2 Step 1: Identifying the Target Population
2.2.1 Federal Salaries
2.2.2 Federal Employment Weights
2.3 Step 2: Estimating How People Spend Their Money
2.3.1 Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES)
2.3.2 Expenditure Categories and Components
2.4 Step 3: Selecting Items and Outlets
2.4.1 Item Selections--The Market Basket
2.4.2 Geographic Coverage and Outlet Selection
2.4.2.1 Geographic Areas
2.4.2.2 Similarity of Outlets
2.4.2.3 Catelog Pricing
2.5 Step 4: Surveying Prices
2.5.1 In-House Research Staff
2.5.2 Field Researchers--``Research Associates''
2.5.3 Data Collection Materials
2.5.4 Inclusion of Sales and Excise Taxes
2.5.5 JFA's Onsite Visits
2.5.6 Special Considerations in Selection Areas
2.5.6.1 Surveying the Washington, DC Area
2.6 Step 5: Analyzing Data and Computing Indexes
2.6.1 General Formulae
2.6.1.1 Indexes
2.6.1.2 Item Weights
2.6.1.3 Category and Component Weights
2.6.2 Computing the Overall Index
3. Consumption Goods and Services
3.1 Categories and Category Weights
3.2 Goods and Services Data Collection--Special Considerations
3.2.1 Restaurant Pricing
3.3 Goods and Services Survey Results
4. Housing
4.1 Component Overview
4.2 Housing Model
4.2.1 Expenditure Research
4.2.2 House Profiles
4.2.3 Living Community Selection
4.2.4 Housing-Related Expenses
4.2.4.1 Utilities
4.2.4.2 Real Estate Taxes
4.2.4.3 Owners/Renters Insurance
4.2.4.4 Home Maintenance
4.2.4.5 Telephone
4.3 Housing Data Collection Procedures
4.3.1 Homeowner Data Collection
4.3.2 Renter Data Collection
4.4 Housing Analysis
4.4.1 Homeowner Data Analysis
4.4.2 Rental Data Analysis
4.5 Housing Survey Results
5. Transportation
5.1 Component Overview
5.2 Private Transportation Methodology
5.2.1 Vehicle Selection and Pricing
5.2.2 Vehicle Trade Cycle
5.2.3 Fuel Performance and Type
5.2.3.1 Impact of Temperature upon Fuel Performance
5.2.3.2 Impact of Road Surface upon Fuel Performance
5.2.3.3 Impact of Gradient Upon Fuel Performance
5.2.3.4 Overall Impact upon Fuel Performance
5.2.4 Vehicle Maintenance
5.2.5 Tires
5.2.6 License and Registration Fees, and Miscellaneous Tax
5.2.7 Depreciation
5.2.8 Finance Expense
5.2.9 Vehicle Insurance
5.2.10 Overall Annual Costs
5.3 Other Transportation Costs--Air Fares
5.4 Transportation Component Analyses
6. Miscellaneous Expenses
6.1 Component Overview
6.2 Component Weights
6.3 Component Categories
6.3.1 Medical Expense Category
6.3.2 Contributions Category
6.3.3 Personal Insurance and Retirement Category
6.4 Miscellaneous Expense Analyses
7. Final Results
7.1 Total Comparative Cost Indexes
List of Appendices
Appendix 1: Publication in the Federal Register of Results of
Nonforeign Area Living-Cost Surveys: 1990--1994
Appendix 2: Federal Employment Weights
Appendix 3: Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES) Item Weights
Appendix 4: CES Category and Component Weights
Appendix 5: Item Descriptions
Appendix 6: Pricing Changes
Appendix 7: OMB-Approved Survey Materials
Appendix 8: Consumption Goods and Services Analysis
Appendix 9: OPM Living Community List
Appendix 10: Historical Home Market Values and Interest Rates
Appendix 11: Historical Housing Data
Appendix 12: Rental Data Analyses
Appendix 13: Housing Cost Analysis
Appendix 14: Housing Analysis
Appendix 15: Private Transportation Cost Analysis
Appendix 16: Air Fares and Other Transportation Expenses Cost
Analysis
Appendix 17: Transportation Analysis
Appendix 18: Miscellaneous Expense Analysis
Appendix 19: Final Indexes
Executive Summary
This report provides the results of the winter 1995 living-cost
surveys and compares living costs in Alaska nonforeign cost-of-living
allowance
[[Page 4071]]
(COLA) areas relative to the Washington, DC area.
The surveys and analyses were conducted by Jack Faucett Associates
(JFA), an economics consulting firm located in Bethesda, Maryland, and
its subcontractor, Runzheimer International, a Wisconsin-based firm,
specializing in the collection and analysis of cost-of-living
information. The study was conducted for the Office of Personnel
Management (OPM) under contract OPM-94-BP-3816. The contract requires
JFA to:
(1) Survey living costs in four allowance areas and in the
Washington, DC area, and
(2) Compare living costs between the allowance areas and the DC
area.
For this study, JFA and Runzheimer researched more than 1,000
outlets and gathered more than 5,500 prices on more than 200 items
representing typical consumer purchases. These prices were then
combined using consumer expenditure information developed by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. The final result of the study is a series of
living-cost indexes, shown in the table below, which show the living-
costs in each of the allowance areas relative to the Washington, DC
area. The index for the DC area (not shown) is 100.00 because it is, by
definition, the reference area.
Table E-1.--Final Cost Comparison Indexes
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Allowance area Index
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Anchorage, Alaska............................................. 105.14
Fairbanks, Alaska............................................. 108.64
Juneau, Alaska................................................ 108.33
The rest of the State of Alaska............................... 126.19
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OPM implemented a number of improvements for the winter 1995
survey. These improvements included:
--Using a moving average to introduce new weights based on the results
of the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Expenditure Surveys;
--Using new representative income levels based on the 1994 distribution
of salaries of Federal employess in the allowance areas;
--Selecting new living communities based on the results of the 1992
Federal Employee Housing and Living Patterns Survey;
--Incorporating historical housing data to reflect both newly purchased
and previously purchased homes;
--Using the median home value in place of trimming and trend analyses
used in previous surveys; and
--Using the Goods and Services index to reflect relative expenditures
for cash contributions.
These changes as well as the data collection and analysis
procedures already employed in the survey are discussed in the various
sections of this report.
1. Introduction
1.1 Report Objectives
This comprehensive report culminates data collection and research
work undertaken in winter 1995 as required by Tasks 1 and 2 of contract
OPM-94-BP-3816 between the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and
Jack Faucett Associates (JFA). This report only provides the results of
the winter 1995 surveys. A listing of earlier reports that provided the
results of previous surveys is shown in Appendix 1.
The analyses show the comparative living-cost differences between
the Washington, DC area and the following allowance areas:
1. City of Anchorage, Alaska
2. City of Fairbanks, Alaska
3. City of Juneau, Alaska
4. The rest of the State of Alaska
By law, Washington, DC is the base of ``reference'' area for the
nonforeign area cost-of-living allowance (COLA) program.
1.2 Changes in This Year's Survey
One of the obvious changes this year was OPM's selection of a new
contractor for living-cost surveys and analyses: JFA. JFA subcontracted
a substantial portion of the work to Runzheimer International, OPM's
previous contractor for the COLA program.
OPM directed JFA to make several changes to the survey and
analyses. Some of the key changes this year included:
--Using a moving average to introduce new weights based on the results
of the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES);
--Using new representative incomes based on the 1994 distribution of
salaries of Federal employees in the allowance areas;
--Selecting new living communities based on the results of the 1992
Federal Employee Housing and Living Patterns Survey;
--Incorporating historical housing data to reflect both newly purchased
and previously purchased units;
--Using the median home value in place of trimming and trend analyses
used in previous surveys; and
--Using the Goods and Services index to reflect relative expenditures
for cash contributions.
Three of these changes are discussed further below. The other
changes are discussed where applicable in the report.
1.2.1 Three-Year CES Moving Average
One change was the introduction of a three-year moving average of
CES data in calculating the weights used to combine price indexes. In
prior years, expenditure weights were based on the 1988 CES, and OPM
wanted to use more current CES information.
Rather than simply replacing the 1988 CES data with the most recent
(1992) CES data, OPM implemented a system that would allow the gradual
introduction of new CES data over time, thereby reducing the impact
that short-term changes in CES might have on the living-cost indexes.
In future surveys, OPM plans to include current CES information and
drop the oldest CES data to maintain a three-year moving average.
Appendices 3 and 4 show the CES data used in this study.
1.2.2 New Living Communities
Another change was the selection of new living communities based on
the results of the 1992 Federal Employee Housing and Living Patterns
Survey. In that survey, employees were asked to provide their
residential zip codes. OPM used this information to refine community
selection.
Two types of changes were made. In areas with relatively large
concentrations of Federal employees and sufficient housing data, OPM
selected communities to reflect the areas where Federal employees
typically lived.
The updated list of communities is provided in Appendix 9. These
are the communities in which house sales and rental rates were
collected. The communities were also used to determine the normal
shopping radius and the outlets at which price were collected.
1.2.3 Historical Housing Data
A third change was the incorporation of historical housing data to
reflect not only the prices paid for recent home purchases but also for
homes purchased in prior years. Appendix 10 shows the home market
values, interest rates, and annual principal and interest payments for
each area by year and income level. Appendix 11 shows how the principal
and interest payments were combined using weights based on the percent
of Federal employees presumed to have purchased their homes in each
given year. The weights were derived from the results of the 1992
Federal Employee Housing and Living Patterns Survey.
[[Page 4072]]
1.3 Pricing Period
The prices were collected in the allowance areas and in the
Washington, DC area in February 1995. As with the previous surveys, the
prices of some items--those dependent upon the pricing of other items--
were collected slightly later (i.e., in March and April 1995) In
addition, individual item prices not meeting OPM's quality control
procedures were resurveyed in April and used to verify or replace the
original prices.
As done in previous surveys, JFA included some catalog sales in its
survey. Only catalogs that sell merchandise in both the allowance areas
and the Washington, D.C. area, were used. To ensure consistent seasonal
catalog pricing, JFA used winter catalogs for the catalog items
surveyed.
2. The COLA Model
2.1 Measurement of Living-Cost Differences
A common and widely accepted way to measure living-cost differences
between and among locations is to select representative items that
people purchase in these locations and to calculate the respective cost
differences, combining them according to their importance to each other
(as measured by relative percentage of expenditures). The COLA model
applies this methodology to compare the living costs in each of the
allowance areas with the living costs in Washington, DC area.
Moving from this basic concept to computing comparative living
costs between each allowance area and the Washington, DC area involves
five main steps:
Step 1: Identify the segment of the population for which the
analysis is targeted (i.e., the target population).
Step 2: Estimate how these people spend their money.
Step 3: Select items to represent the types of expenditures people
usually make and outlets at which people typically make purchases.
Step 4: Conduct pricing surveys of the selected items in each area.
Step 5: Analyze cost ratios for the selected items and aggregate
them according to the relative importance of each item.
2.2 Step 1: Identifying the Target Population
The study estimates living-cost differences for nonmilitary Federal
employees who have annual base salaries between approximately $12,000
and $87,000, the range of the General Schedule. Because living costs
may vary depending on an employee's income level, living costs are
analyzed at three income levels.
2.2.1 Federal Salaries
To determine the appropriate income levels, OPM analyzed the 1994
distribution of salaries for all General Schedule employees in all of
the allowance areas combined. OPM divided this distribution into three
groups of equal size and identified the median salary in each of the
groups. These values were then rounded to the nearest $100 to produce
the three representative income levels of $20,800, $31,500, and
$48,300.
The study analyzes living costs at each of these three income
levels. The results are three sets of estimated expenditures for each
allowance area and for the Washington, DC area. To combine these
estimated expenditures into a single overall index for the area, JFA
used employment weights provided by OPM.
2.2.2 Federal Employment Weights
As with the income levels, the OPM employment weights were derived
from the distribution of General Schedule employees by salary level.
Using the salary parameters identified in the income analysis described
above, OPM determined the number of General Schedule employees in each
salary group in each allowance area. Using a moving average similar to
that used with the CES data (see section 1.2.1), OPM combined these
data with the same type of information for the previous two years and
calculated the percent of the General Schedule workforce in each income
group in each area. These percentages were the weights that JFA used.
Appendix 2 shows the General Schedule employment distribution and how
the percentage weights were derived.
2.3 Step 2: Estimating How People Spend Their Money
2.3.1. Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES)
Expenditure patterns for employees for all areas, including the
Washington, D.C. area, are based on national data from the CES. OPM
obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics ``prepublished'' CES
results for 1988, 1991, 1992. As discussed in section 1.2.1, these
three years of CES data were combined using a moving average.
CES data are used in two ways: to identify appropriate items for
the survey and to derive item, category, and component weights. The
item weights are not income-sensitive. However, aggregated CES data are
analyzed by income level to derive category and component weights.
These weights are income-sensitive. The CES data used in this study are
shown in Appendix 3 and 4.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has advised OPM that
``prepublished'' CES data may not be statistically significant. To
OPM's knowledge, however, it is the only source of comprehensive
consumer expenditure information by income level. Therefore, it is used
in the model.
2.3.2 Expenditure Categories and Components
The CES groupings expenses into small, logical families of items.
For example, the report divided money spent by families on beef into
four groups: ground beef, roast, steak and other beef. The steak and
roast groupings were further separated into smaller clusters of items
(e.g., sirloin and round steak, chuck and round roast).
Using the CES data, the items were sorted into the four main cost
components specified in OPM regulations: Consumption Goods and
Services, Transportation, Housing, and Miscellaneous Expenses. To
develop weighting patterns for the three income levels, JFA performed
linear regression analyses on the CES data shown in Appendix 3.\1\
These analyses produced estimated expenditures at the three income
levels identified in section 2.2.1 above. JFA converted these
expenditures to percentages of total expenditures for the four
components to produce the values shown in the table below. The values
were the weights JFA used to combine the expenditures for each of the
components into an overall value for each income level in each
allowance area and the Washington, DC area.
\1\ The midpoint of the moving average of CES data was 1991.
Therefore, for the purposes of these regressions, OPM provided
adjusted Federal salaries to reflect 1991 pay rates. OPM used the
pay increases for 1992 (4.2%), 1993 (3.7%), and 1994 (0.0%) to
deflate the 1994 salaries. This produced adjusted Federal salaries
of $19,250, $29,150, and $44,700 for use in the regression
equations.
[[Page 4073]]
Table 2-1.--Component Expenses Expressed as a Percentage of Total Expenses
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Income Goods and
Income level 1994 level 1991 services Housing Transportation Misc. Total
adjusted (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$20,800........................ $19,250 40.10 25.01 18.93 15.96 100.00
31,500......................... 29,150 39.47 23.98 18.66 17.88 100.00
48,300......................... 44,700 38.87 23.01 18.41 19.71 100.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Values may not total because of rounding.)
Goods and services items were further sorted into ten categories
and linear regression techniques were used to estimate expenditures on
these ten categories by income level. The weights for these categories
are shown in section 3.1. The same technique was also used to compute
category weights for the Transportation and Miscellaneous Components
and to produce ratios of renters to homeowners at each income level.
2.4 Step 3: Selecting Items and Outlets
2.4.1 Item Selections--The Market Basket
As noted above, CES items were grouped into ``clusters'' of
expenses to determine which items to survey. These clusters were chosen
so that no market basket item would have overwhelmingly large or
insignificantly small item weight.
For each of these clusters, a set of items to price was identified.
Collectively, these items are called a ``market basket.'' Because it
would have been impractical to survey all of the thousands of items
consumers might buy, the market basket contains representative items,
such as cheddar cheese, that represents itself and the many other
related items that consumers purchase (e.g., Edam, Gouda, Jack, Swiss,
et cetera). JFA's market basket had more than 200 items ranging from
table salt to new cars to home purchases.
The items selected were representative of other similar items,
commonly purchased, and readily available in all areas. For example, a
10.5-ounce can of Campbell's vegetable soup was selected for the survey
because it is representative of canned and packaged soups, is a
commonly-purchased brand, and is found in all areas. Whenever
practical, the item description included the exact brand, model, type,
and size, so that exactly the same items could be priced in all areas
if possible. Appendix 5 provides a list of the items surveyed and their
descriptions.
Changes to the item list and descriptions are an important aspect
of the COLA survey. These changes are necessary to improve the survey
and keep the items' descriptions current. For this survey, JFA changed
several of the items or descriptions. The changes and the reasons for
each are listed in Appendix 6.
2.4.2 Geographic Coverage and Outlet Selection
Just as it was important to select commonly-purchased items and
survey the same items in all areas, it was important to select outlets
frequented by consumers and find equivalent outlets in all areas. This
involved deciding which geographic areas to survey and which outlets to
survey within these geographic areas.
2.4.2.1 Geographic Areas
For some areas, the choice of which area(s) to survey was obvious.
In Nome, for example, the whole city is surveyed because Nome is a
relatively small city and Federal employees live throughout the city.
For other areas, specific communities had to be identified. To do
this, OPM used the results of the 1992 Federal Employee Housing and
Living Patterns Survey. Among other things, that survey obtained
information on where Federal employees lived. OPM used this information
to select the communities in which housing costs would be priced. JFA
then identified outlets within a normal shopping radius of these
housing communities.
2.4.2.2 Similarity of Outlets
Whenever possible, JFA selected popular outlets that were
comparable to outlets in all areas. For example, JFA surveyed the price
of grocery items at supermarkets in all areas because most people
purchase their groceries at such stories and because supermarkets are
found in all areas.\2\ The selection of comparable outlets was
particularly important because comparing the prices of items purchased
at dissimilar outlets would be inappropriate (e.g., comparing the price
of a box of cereal at a supermarket with one sold at a convenience
store).
\2\ In the Washington, DC, area, JFA surveyed groceries at two
kinds of supermarkets (i.e., full-service supermarkets and
``warehouse-type'' supermarkets) because both types of grocery
stores are common in this area. JFA did not survey ``warehouse-
type'' grocery stores in any other area because they are relatively
uncommon and not frequented by most Federal employees.
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Although major supermarkets, department stores, and discount stores
represented a sizable portions of the survey, JFA also selected outlets
to represent the diversity of consumer shopping. For example, JFA could
have used department stores for pricing all clothing items surveyed.
This would not have reflected, however, the range of consumer choices.
Therefore, JFA also priced some clothing items in men's and women's
clothing stores, other clothing items in department stores, others in
shoe stores, and still others in discount stores. For each item, the
same type of outlet (e.g., clothing store, discount store, department
store) was selected in each area whenever possible.
2.4.2.3 Catalog Pricing
A limited amount of catalog pricing was included in the survey to
reflect this common purchasing option. Eight item prices were surveyed
by catalog. OPM selected these items based on comments it received from
Federal employees. Catalog pricing also allowed the comparison of
comparable items that would have been difficult to price otherwise. Of
course, all catalog prices included any charges for shipping and
handling and all applicable taxes.
2.5 Step 4: Surveying Prices
As noted earlier, JFA obtained approximately 5,500 prices on more
than 200 items from 1,000 outlets. In each survey area, JFA attempted
to get at least three price quotes for each item, with certain
exceptions. For example, essentially all of the available home sales
and rental data meeting the specifications were obtained. For other
items, such as utilities and real estate tax rates, only one quote was
obtained in each area because these items have uniform rates within an
area. Because the Washington, DC area has six survey communities, JFA
attempted to get at least 18 price quotes for most items in this area.
[[Page 4074]]
To accomplish this, JFA used various information-gathering
approaches. These are described below.
2.5.1 In-House Research Staff
JFA's research personnel, and those of Runzheimer, its
subcontractor, played a major role in all data-collection activities.
These professionals:
--Contacted manufacturers, trade associations, governmental agencies,
and retail establishments to ensure that suitable items were selected
and priced at common types of outlets;
--Contacted real estate professionals in each survey area to obtain
general information as well as specific rental rates and home market
values;
--Conducted pricing surveys, onsite and by telephone;
--Served as a liaison for field researchers who collected price
information onsite;
--Performed hundreds of quality control checks, often verifying survey
data through telephone calls and comparing current data-gathering
results with those from earlier surveys; and
--Analyzed and computed the item, category, component, and total
comparative cost indexes.
2.5.2 Field Researchers--``Research Associates''
Most of the price data were collected onsite by Research Associates
(RA's). The RA's were independent contractors, hired by JFA to visit
retail outlets in each area and collect prices. All of these RA's were
residents of the area. To avoid any real or perceived conflicts of
interest, JFA refrained from hiring research associates who were either
employees of the Federal government or who had immediate family who
were employees of the Federal government.
2.5.3 Data Collection Materials
The living-cost surveys conform with the provisions of the
Paperwork Reduction Act and are approved by the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB). The OMB-approved survey collection materials are
found in Appendix 7. All JFA-developed worksheets or other survey
materials conformed with those approved by OMB.
2.5.4 Inclusion of Sales and Excise Taxes
For all items subject to sales and/or excise tax, the appropriate
amount of tax was added prior to analysis. JFA gathered applicable
information on taxes by contacting appropriate sources of information
in the allowance areas and the Washington, DC area. JFA also used
appropriate tax publications, such as the State of Maryland's Sales and
Use Tax Laws and Regulations and the ``Uniform Sales Tax'' (Ordinance
Section 69.05) of the City and Borough of Juneau.
2.5.5 JFA's Onsite Visits
Full-time JFA research professionals traveled to each allowance
area to supervise data collection activities and perform various
quality control checks as necessary. These visits all occurred during
the pricing period so that these professionals could answer any of the
RA's data collection questions or provide additional training and
instruction if necessary.
The researchers visited living communities within the allowance
areas to look at housing and to talk with local real estate
professionals. They also visited numerous retail outlets to verify that
comparable items were being priced at comparable outlets. In addition,
they obtained general information about the local economy.
2.5.6 Special Considerations in Selected Areas
2.5.6.1 Surveying the Washington, DC Area
As noted earlier, JFA attempted to get more price quotes in the DC
area than in the allowance areas because of the size and diversity of
the Washington metropolitan area. For the purposes of the COLA surveys,
the DC area was divided into six survey areas: two in the District of
Columbia, two in Maryland, and two in Virginia. The specific areas
surveyed were within a normal shopping radius of the housing
communities identified in Appendix 9. Survey data from each of the six
DC survey areas were combined using equal weights.
2.6 Step 5: Analyzing Data and Computing Indexes
2.6.1 General Formulae
2.6.1.1 Indexes
Nonforeign area COLAs are derived from the living-cost indexes.
These indexes are mathematical comparisons of living costs in the
allowance areas compared with living costs in the Washington, DC area.
At the most fundamental level, an index is a way to state the
difference between two prices (or sets of prices). For example, if a
can of green beans costs $1.00 in the allowance area and 80 cents in
the DC area, green beans are 25 percent more expensive in the allowance
area than in DC. That difference can also be stated as a price index of
125.
2.6.1.2 Item Weights
JFA computed indexes for hundreds of items. To combine these
indexes, JFA used weights derived from the CES. These weights reflected
the relative amount consumers normally spend on different items. For
example, the price of a can of green beans has a lower weight than the
price of a pound of apples because, according to the CES, people
generally spend less on green beans than on apples.
The COLA model uses a fixed-weight indexing methodology. This means
that the same expenditure weights are used in the reference area (i.e.,
the DC area) and in the allowance areas. The weights used are based on
the expenditure patterns of consumers nationwide as reported by the
CES. This is the only source, of which OPM is aware, that provides
expenditure information by income level.
2.6.1.3 Category and Component Weights
As described in section 2.3.2, JFA also computed income sensitive
category and component weights. This allowed the combination of item
prices in a manner that reflected the different spending patterns of
people at different income levels. How this was accomplished, differed
among the components.
For the Goods and Services and Miscellaneous Expense components,
JFA simply combined indexes within each category using the CES weights
to derive an overall index for the category. The category indexes were
then combined into an overall component index using the income-
sensitive category weights described above.
For the Transportation and Housing Components, JFA used the above
approach in combination with a cost-build-up approach. For example, for
each area the annual cost of owning and operating an automobile was
computed by taking individual prices (e.g., automobile financing,
insurance, gas and oil, and maintenance) and computing an overall
dollar cost for each area. These costs were compared with those in the
DC area to compute the Private Transportation Category index. This
index was then combined with the Other Transportation Category index
using income sensitive category weights to compute an overall
Transportation Component index for each area.
2.6.2 Computing the Overall Index
The item, category, and component indexes were combined using the
process prescribed in Section
[[Page 4075]]
591.205(c), title 5, Code of Federal Regulations. That is a five-step
process that involves converting the indexes to dollar values and
weighting these, combining them, and comparing them to compute a final
weighted-average index. The process is described below.
First, JFA used the CES data and the income ranges described in
section 2.2.1 to determine the quantity of money consumers typically
spend on each component at each income level. These amounts appear in
the table below and in Appendix 19. They were derived by taking the
component weights shown in Table 2-1 times the representative income
levels described in section 2.2.1.
Table 2-2.--Typical Consumer Expenditures by Income Level and Component
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goods and
Income level services Own/rent Transportation Misc. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower....................................... $8,341 $5,202 $3,938 $3,320 $20,800
Middle...................................... 12,433 7,555 5,879 5,634 31,500
Upper....................................... 18,775 11,114 8,892 9,520 48,300
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Note: Values may not total because of rounding.)
Second, for each allowance area, JFA multiplied the dollar values
above by the component indexes for the allowance area. Because the
housing component consisted of two indexes (one for owners and another
for renters), two sets of total relative costs were produced--one for
owners and another for renters.
Third, for each allowance area and income level, JFA combined the
total relative costs for owners and renters using as weights the
proportion of owners and renters as identified in the CES. (See section
4.2.1.) This produced an overall expenditure dollar amount for each
income level in each allowance area.
Fourth, JFA computed a single overall average expenditure for each
allowance area by combining the income level expenditures and using the
allowance area General Schedule employment distribution as weights.
This produced a single overall dollar expenditure value for the
allowance area. Using the same General Schedule employment weights, JFA
also computed a single overall dollar expenditure value for the DC
area.
The final step was to divide the overall average dollar expenditure
for the allowance area by the overall average dollar expenditure for
the DC area to compute a final index. These indexes are shown in the
last section of this report and in Appendix 19.
3. Consumption Goods and Services
3.1 Categories and Category Weights
Based on the CES data, JFA identified ten categories of expenses
within the Goods and Services Component. Using linear regression
analyses and the CES data, JFA identified the portion of total Goods
and Services expenditures that the typical consumer spends in each
category at various income levels. The categories and the relative
expenditures are shown in the table below:
Table 3-1.--Category Weights Expressed as a Percentage of Goods and
Services Expenditures by Income Level
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income levels
Category --------------------------------------
Lower Middle Upper
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Food at Home..................... 26.40 23.49 20.65
Food Away from Home.............. 14.42 14.73 15.04
Tobacco.......................... 3.15 2.59 2.05
Alcohol.......................... 2.77 2.73 2.69
Furnishings and Hsld. Op......... 14.71 15.79 16.85
Clothing......................... 13.97 14.65 15.30
Domestic Service................. 1.76 1.90 2.04
Professional Services............ 6.48 6.65 6.82
Personal Care.................... 3.62 3.52 3.43
Recreation....................... 12.72 13.94 15.14
--------------------------------------
Totals..................... 100.00 100.00 100.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Note: Values may not total because of rounding.)
3.2 Goods and Services Data Collection--Special Considerations
3.2.1 Restaurant Pricing
To ensure comparison of prices at comparable restaurants among
areas, OPM asked JFA to survey only three restaurant chains: Dennys,
Sizzler, and Pizza Hut (or their equivalents). This allowed for the
comparison of meal prices at a comparable mix of restaurants in all
areas.
3.3 Goods and Services Survey Results
Section 2.6 of this report provides a detailed explanation of the
economic model used to analyze the price data. As it applies to Goods
and Services, the approach involved comparing the average prices of
market basket items in each allowance area with those in the
Washington, DC area. The resulting price ratios were aggregated into
subcategory and then category indexes using the moving-average
expenditure weights derived from the CES data.
Appendix 8 shows for each allowance area ten category indexes, the
weights used at each of the three income levels, and the overall Goods
and Services indexes. The Washington, DC area is not shown because it
is, by definition, the reference area. Therefore, the DC indexes are
100.
[[Page 4076]]
4. Housing
4.1 Component Overview
The Housing component consists of expenses related to owning or
renting a dwelling. These are--
--Mortgage or rent payments,
--Utilities,
--Real estate taxes,
--Homeowner's or renter's insurance,
--Home maintenance, and
--Telephone.
At each of the three income levels, JFA measured separately the
annual housing costs for homeowners and renters. The results were then
combined using as weights the percentages of owners and renters
reported by the CES.
4.2 Housing Model
4.2.1 Expenditure Research
The CES was used to determine the national average ratio of
families who own, as opposed to renting, their residences. Using the
expense data by income range as input into a linear regression
analysis, JFA calculated the owner and rent weights shown below. JFA
excluded expenditure data for home owning families without a mortgage
because they were not typical of homeowners in the base area or in the
allowance areas.
Table 4-1.--Owner/Renter Weights
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income levels
--------------------------------------
Category Lower Middle Upper
(percent) (percent) (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Homeowner with mortgage.......... 38.41 47.46 61.67
Renter........................... 61.59 52.54 38.33
--------------------------------------
Totals..................... 100.00 100.00 100.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CES data were also used to identify which home-maintenance
items to price and to establish the relative importance of those items.
4.2.2 Housing Profiles
To compare housing costs in all locations, six typical housing
profiles are used and are assigned to the three income levels, as shown
in the table below. OPM requested that at least one criterion for the
owner profile be the square footage of the home and at least one
criterion for the renter profile be the number of bedrooms in the
rental unit.
Table 4-2.--Housing Profiles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income level Renter profile Owner profile
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower.............................. 3 rooms, 1 BR, 1 bath, 600 sq. ft. 4 rooms, 2 BR, 1 bath, 900 sq. ft.
apartment. condo or detached house.
Middle............................. 4 rooms, 2 BR, 1 bath, 900 sq. ft. 5 rooms, 3 BR, 1 bath, 1,300 sq. ft.
apartment. detached house (rowhouse in NE DC).
Upper.............................. 4 rooms, 2 BR, 2 baths, 1,100 sq. ft. 7 rooms, 3 BR, 2 baths, 1,700 sq.
townhouse or detached house. ft. detached house.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The home sizes stated above are the representative sizes used for
certain calculations in the model. They are not, however, the only size
surveyed for each profile. For rentals, JFA obtained rental rates on
any unit, regardless of its size, that otherwise met the profile
characteristics. For home sales, JFA obtained the prices of homes
within size range and otherwise meeting the profile specifications. The
size ranges are shown below:
Table 4-3.--Home Sizes Surveyed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income level Range
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower............................. 600 to 1,200 sq. ft.
Middle............................ 1,000 to 1,600 sq. ft.
Upper............................. 1,400 to 2,300 sq. ft.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
It should be noted that although the size ranges overlap, no home
sale observation could be used at more than one income level.
Application of the other criteria (i.e., number and type of rooms)
ensured that each observation was assigned to the appropriate income
level even though its size was common to two income levels.
4.2.3 Living Community Selection
As discussed briefly in sections 1.2.2 and 2.4.2.1, OPM identified
the living communities to be surveyed based on the results of the 1992
Federal Employee Housing and Living Patterns Survey. This resulted in
many survey community changes in both the allowance areas and in the
Washington, DC area. The communities surveyed are identified in
Appendix 9.
As with previous surveys, nine homeowner and nine renter
communities were identified for the Washington, DC area--one for each
income level in each of the three areas (DC, Maryland, and Virginia).
In the allowance areas, up to three homeowner and three renter
communities were identified--one for each income level.
The three-community owner/renter goal was not achievable in many of
allowance areas due to the relatively few home sales and rental
opportunities in these areas. In such areas, OPM directed JFA to
collect prices for the entire survey area or allowance area rather than
in specific communities. This was done in Fairbanks, Juneau, and Nome.
In these areas, all home sales and/or rental rates meeting the housing
profile characteristics for the particular income group were included
in the analysis.
4.2.4 Housing-Related Expenses
Based on the CES data, housing-related expense items are
categorized into one of five groups in the COLA model. These groups
are--
--Utilities,
--Real estate taxes,
--Owners/renters insurance,
--Maintenance, and
--Telephone.
4.2.4.1 Utilities
Electricity, oil, gas, water, and sewer are the utilities used in
the model. Most
[[Page 4077]]
utility companies are able to provide current charges per unit of
consumption and average consumption patterns for all households. The
companies were not, however, able to provide separate consumption
patterns by the size or type of housing.
Because many utility costs vary by size of house, a factor is
needed to derive the utility rates at each of the home profiles. The
table below shows the standard square foot sizes and utility factors
used for each home profile. The factors are calculated by assuming that
utility use increases or decreases at half the rate that square footage
increases or decreases.
Table 4-4.--Utility Factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Renter profile Owner profile
Income level -----------------------------------
Sq. ft. Factor Sq. ft. Factor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower............................... 600 .73 900 .85
Middle.............................. 900 .85 1,300 1.00
Upper............................... 1,100 .92 1,700 1.15
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In each area, JFA obtained the price of each of the types of
utilities noted above. JFA used average annual consumption per
household information gathered from utility companies serving each area
to compute average annual utility costs. The above factors were then
used to adjust the total annual utility costs for each of the various
housing profiles.
4.2.4.2 Real Estate Taxes
For this study, JFA contacted the city assessors in each allowance
area and in the Washington, DC area to obtain real estate tax
information on the living communities surveyed. Real estate tax
formulas were obtained for all living communities and applied to the
home values, for each income level, resulting from the homeowner data
analysis discussed in section 4.4.1.
4.2.4.3 Owners/Renters Insurance
Homeowners' insurance rates are gathered for each of the survey
areas for both renter and owner profiles. For renters, the following
estimated content values were used: $20,000 at the lower and middle
income levels and $30,000 at the upper income level.
For homeowners, the cost of insurance was dependent on the average
home values calculated as part of this survey. In all areas, it was
assumed that the structure was equal to 80 percent of the total home
value.
Previous research, conducted by Runzheimer International for OPM,
found that insurance coverage for disasters, such as floods and
earthquakes, were not widely purchased in the allowance areas.
Therefore, the COLA model does not include these additional riders.
(See Report to OPM on Living Costs in Selected NonForeign Areas and in
the Washington, DC Area, June 1992 at 57 FR 58556).
A comparison of homeowner insurance data previously collected for
the Alaska areas with the premiums collected for this survey, showed
several inconsistencies. For example, premiums for all income levels
for Anchorage, Fairbanks and Nome were significantly lower, even in
areas where the home market values had increased. In Juneau, the
insurance data was significantly higher than premiums collected for the
previous survey. Because of these inconsistencies and the refusal of
most outlets contacted to participate in the survey, the insurance data
collected in the Alaska allowance areas for the previous survey,
adjusted for inflation, were used for the homeowner and renter
insurance portion of the housing-related expenses analysis. The
previously published data in 59 FR 45066 was adjusted by the annual
rate of change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U) for homeowner's insurance, 3.3%, and renter's insurance, 3.6%,
as reported in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' CPI Detailed Report Data
for July 1995.
4.2.4.4 Home Maintenance
Estimated home maintenance expense was computed for each of the
homeowner profiles. Maintenance costs were not added in the three
renter profiles because most, if not all, maintenance expenses are
covered by the landlord.
As done in previous surveys, JFA priced both home maintenance
services as well as home maintenance commodities, using the CES
information to identify items to price and the weights associated with
these items. The maintenance service items priced were interior
painting, plumbing repair, electrical repair, and pest control. In the
Nome area, however, pest control was not priced because local sources
indicated it is not necessary. The maintenance commodities priced were
bathroom caulking, a kitchen faucet set, an electrical outlet, latex
interior paint, and a fire extinguisher.
To compute home maintenance cost differences between each allowance
area and the Washington, DC area for the homeowner profiles, an index
was computed for each maintenance item by comparing the allowance area
price to the DC area price. As with the Goods and Services Component
items, the CES data were used to weight these maintenance indexes into
an overall home maintenance index for each area.
To combine the maintenance indexes with the other homeowner costs,
which were expressed in dollar amounts, JFA converted the indexes to
dollars by multiplying the index for each area by the average
maintenance expense reported in the CES. This cost was assigned to the
middle-income homeowner profile.
Logically, maintenance costs for larger homes would generally be
greater than costs for middle-sized homes, while costs for smaller
homes would generally be less. Therefore, the same homeowner
multipliers used in the utilities model for the lower and upper income
profiles (.85 and 1.15 respectively) are applied to recognize
differences in maintenance costs due to house size.
4.2.4.5 Telephone
Telephone expense consisted of local service charges, additional
charges for local calls (if applicable), and charges for long distance
calls. To measure estimated expenses for local service and local calls,
JFA surveyed the cost of touch-tone service with unlimited calling in
each area.
To estimate long distance charges in all areas, JFA surveyed the
cost of three, ten-minute direct dial calls per month to large U.S.
mainland cities (i.e., Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York City). JFA
measured the price of a call placed in the survey area at the time of
day necessary to be received in the respective city at 8 p.m. local
time. In many areas, this resulted in pricing a combination of daytime
and evening-rate calls.
4.3 Housing Data Collection Procedures
As done in previous years, JFA collected housing information mainly
from real estate professionals, various listing services, and
advertisements. In addition, JFA personnel traveled to each of the
surveyed communities to assess the compatibility of the housing
community with the income level for which the data were used and to
ensure that homes in these communities were comparable to those in the
Washington, DC area.
4.3.1 Homeowner Data Collection
JFA obtained selling prices of homes that matched the housing
profiles in each living community. JFA obtained as many of these
selling prices as possible for sales that occurred during the 6-month
period prior to the date of the survey.
The amount of data obtained depended on the number of home sales
[[Page 4078]]
in the community and the availability of square footage and other
housing profile information. This in turn depended on the size of the
community, economic conditions, quality and quantity of the realty data
available, and the willingness and ability of local realty
professionals and assessor offices to provide data.
If sales data obtained from the preliminary data sources did not
meet specified contract minimums, JFA contacted additional data sources
in the area to attempt to secure more sales data, if practical. In this
manner, either all were or a sizeable portion of the home sales in each
area was surveyed.
4.3.2 Renter Data Collection
Rental data also were obtained from a variety of sources, e.g.,
brokers, rental management firms, property managers, newspaper
advertisements, and other listings. Analyses of these data revealed
what appeared to be two separate rental markets: a broker market and a
non-broker market. Rental rates and estimates provided by brokers
generally exceeded those obtained from other sources. The methodology
used to analyze these two data sets is discussed in section 4.4.2.
4.4 Housing Analysis
4.4.1 Homeowner Data Analysis
One of the most important factors relating to the price of a home
is the number of square feet of living space. In the past, OPM directed
the contractor to rank housing data high to low and trim equal numbers
of observations from both ends of the data. The average of the
remaining values was then used. This year, OPM changed the methodology
and used the median home value rather than trimming and averaging. The
median is the middle value in a rank-ordered set of observations. The
purpose of either approach is to reduce the volatility of the housing
data from one survey to the next because a relatively few extremely
high or low home prices could significantly influence average housing
costs.
For each income profile in each allowance area and the Washington,
DC area, JFA computed the median price per square foot for the
comparables. This value was then multiplied by the reference square
footage for the profile to determine the average home value for the
profile.
Another change that OPM made this year was to ask JFA to use
historical housing data in addition to data collected this year. These
data are found in Appendix 10 of this report. The historical data are
from previous living-cost surveys that were published in the Federal
Register beginning with the 1990 report. (See Appendix 1 for a listing
of these publications). The data for the period prior to 1990 were
published with the results of the 1991-1992 living cost surveys at 57
FR 58618. All housing values are based on the community selections and
analytical methodologies used at the time of each respective survey.
The historical housing data used were estimated annual principal
plus interest payments by income level in each area. To combine these
data, OPM supplied JFA with weights that were derived from the 1992
Federal Employee Housing and Living Patterns Survey. These weights
reflect the proportion of Federal employee homeowners by year of
purchase or acquisition in all allowance areas and in the Washington,
DC area. The historical housing weights and analyses are shown in
Appendix 11.
4.4.2 Rental Data Analysis
JFA assigned each rental quote data point to a single income level,
based on the following criteria:
--One bedroom apartments: Lower Income Level,
--Two bedroom apartments: Middle Income Level, and
--Townhouses and detached houses with a minimum of two bedrooms: Upper
Income Level.
As discussed earlier, there were essentially two sources of rental
information: broker and non-broker sources. In each area, the quantity
of data obtained from either source-type varied significantly.
Therefore, analyzing all of the rental data (both broker and non-
broker) together for an area and income level was undesirable.
Instead, OPM instructed JFA to analyze broker and non-broker data
separately by income level. As with the housing data analyses, OPM
changed from the use of trimming and averaging to the use of the
median. Therefore, for each income level, JFA separately ranked rental
rates from low to high for broker and non-broker data. The median
values for broker and non-broker data for each group were determined
and then averaged to compute a single rental value for each income
level. Because OPM has no information on how the Federal employees who
rent generally secure their lodgings, OPM requested that JFA apply
equal weights to the broker and non-broker data to compute an overall
average rental rate for the area and income level. The broker and non-
broker medians and final results are shown in Appendix 12.
4.5 Housing Survey Results
In the above sections, the processes used for determining the costs
for maintenance, insurance, utilities, real estate taxes, rents, and
homeowner mortgages were described. Appendix 13 shows the cost of each
of these items for renters and homeowners in each allowance area and in
the Washington, DC area.
Appendix 14 compares the total cost of these items by income level
in each allowance area with the total cost of the same items by income
level in the Washington, DC area. Again, there are separate comparisons
for renters and homeowners.
The final housing-cost comparisons take the form of indexes that
are used in Appendix 19 to derive the total, overall index for owners
and renters. (Refer to Section 2.6 for a discussion of the general
formulae and how the component indexes are combined.)
5. Transportation
5.1 Component Overview
The transportation component consists of two categories: Automobile
Expense and Other Transportation Costs. The Automobile Expense Category
reflects costs relating to owning and operating a car in each area. The
Other Transportation Costs Category is represented by the cost of air
travel from each location to a common point within the contiguous 48
states.
5.2 Private Transportation Methodology
As done in previous surveys, JFA analyzed automobile transportation
costs for three commonly purchased vehicles: a domestic auto, an import
auto, and a utility vehicle. New car costs were used for these analyses
because it was believed that pricing used vehicles of equivalent
quality in each area could introduce inconsistencies because of the
value judgments that would be required.
5.2.1 Vehicle Selection and Pricing
The three vehicles selected for analysis were:
Domestic--Ford Taurus GL 4-door sedan 3.0L 6 cyl,
Import--Honda Civic DX 4-door sedan 1.5L 4 cyl, and
Utility--Chevrolet S10 Blazer 4X4 2 door 4.3L 6 cyl.
These are the same models that were surveyed in previous years and
were selected based on their popularity in the United States as
demonstrated by owner registration data.
For each model car, JFA collected new vehicle prices at dealerships
in each area and from secondary sources,
[[Page 4079]]
such as the Kelly Blue Book. All prices were based on the
manufacturers' suggested retail prices (MSRP) for 1995. (OPM did not
believe it was feasible to collect information on the negotiated price
for these vehicles.) All vehicles were equipped with standard options,
such as automatic transmission, AM/FM stereo radio and air
conditioning. In Alaska locations, special additional equipment was
included in new-vehicle prices (e.g., snow tires, engine-block heaters,
and heavy-duty batteries).
In addition to the MSRP, the price included additional charges such
as shipping, dealer preparation, additional dealer markup, excise tax,
sales tax, and any other one-time taxes or charges. In each Alaska
allowance area, for example, documentation fees were also included as
part of the new-vehicle costs.
Rustproofing was priced in all areas, including the Washington, DC
area. In previous surveys, the contractor found that auto dealers in
the DC area did not recommend vehicle rustproofing, although it was a
commonly suggested option in the allowance areas. This year, the
information collected suggested that rustproofing was a commonly
offered option in all areas. Therefore, OPM directed JFA to include the
cost of rustproofing in the DC area as well as the allowance areas.
5.2.2 Vehicle Trade Cycle
Calculating the cost of owning and operating a vehicle requires
knowing the miles driven and how long the car is owned. In the
automobile industry, these two factors are known collectively as a
vehicle's ``trade cycle.'' The trade cycle is stated as a length of
time (in months or years) and the total number of miles driven in that
time period. This information is used in the model to compute annual
costs related to fuel, oil, tires, maintenance, and depreciation.
As with the previous living-cost analyses, JFA used a four-year,
60,000-mile trade cycle in all areas. This was based upon the following
information:
--The Internal Revenue Service uses this trade cycle to compute the
allowable cents-per-mile reimbursement rate for persons who drive their
personal vehicle for business purposes;
--The four-year time period coincides with the typical length of a
vehicle loan; and
--U.S. Department of Energy statistics for 1988 show that the annual
average for number of vehicle miles driven in the United States was
18,595 per household and 10,246 miles per vehicle.
5.2.3 Fuel Performance and Type
All vehicles included in this study used regular unleaded fuel. JFA
surveyed self-service cash prices of unleaded regular gasoline at name-
brand gas stations in the Washington, DC area. In consideration of the
harsh climate in the Alaska allowance areas, full-service cash prices
were surveyed.
To establish average fuel-performance ratings, the COLA model uses
the ``city driving'' figures published by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The ``city'' figures instead of ``highway''
figures are used because all locations contained considerable stop-and-
go driving conditions.
As in previous COLA surveys, JFA included in its analysis the
following fuel-performance factors: temperature, road surface, and
gradient. These factors are based on research previously conducted for
OPM. This research and the factors are discussed below.
5.2.3.1 Impact of Temperature upon Fuel Performance
Gas mileage is affected by temperature. The lower the temperature,
the fewer miles-per-gallon achieved and vice versa. According to the
EPA's Passenger Car Fuel Economy: EPA and Road, the temperature at
which no adjustments to fuel performance occur is 77 deg.F; below that
temperature, miles-per-gallon achieved drops, above 77 deg.F miles-
per-gallon achieved improves. The model uses the average monthly
temperatures for each allowance area and the Washington, D.C., area as
reported in The Weather Almanac, published by Ruffner and Blair.
For each location and month, the model uses the appropriate factor
from the EPA study based on the average monthly temperature for the
area. These factors are then averaged to derive a single overall factor
for each location. The results of these calculations are shown in
Section 5.2.3.4.
5.2.3.2 Impact of Road Surfaces upon Fuel Performance
For the model, it is assumed that Federally controlled roadways are
typically composed of concrete and/or high-load asphalt and that
locally controlled roadways are typically composed of low-load asphalt.
EPA's research indicates that cars are generally more fuel-efficient on
the firmer, high-load surfaces than on the softer, low-load surfaces.
Although traffic patterns and road usage vary among areas, previous
research conducted for OPM produced no relevant findings regarding this
issue. Therefore, the model uses the assumption that Federally-
controlled roadways generally support twice the traffic of, or are used
at least twice as much as, locally controlled roadways.
In each allowance area, the total mileage falling into either the
Federal or local categories are collected. For example, Alaska contains
5,512 miles of Federally controlled roads and 7,120 miles of locally
controlled roadways. The usage consumption increased Federal road
mileage by a factor of two.
The average low-load asphalt factor (which reflects dry, wet, and
snowy conditions) is applied to the local mileage percentage, and the
average concrete and/or high-load asphalt factor is applied to the
Federal mileage percentage to produce a weighted average factor for
each area. The weighted factor is 0.96 for the allowance areas. The
Washington, DC area is assigned a factor of 1.00 on the premise that
the vast majority of traffic in that area travels on dry, high-load
surfaces. The application of these factors is described in Section
5.2.3.4.
5.2.3.3 Impact of Gradient Upon Fuel Performance
The effect of gradient on gas mileage is also estimated from EPA's
Passenger Car Fuel Economy: EPA and Road. Local topography (i.e.,
gradient) affects fuel efficiency. EPA provides mileage factors based
upon various gradients ranging from less than 0.5% (essentially flat)
to greater than 6% (steep).
In research previously conducted for OPM, the contractor reviewed
the topographic features of each area and found a wide range of road
conditions. However, the contractor was unable to find relevant
information on the types of terrain drivers typically encounter in each
area or the number of miles drivers travel in each type of terrain.
Lacking such information, the contractor assumed that drivers in the
allowance areas generally traveled roads having approximately the same
gradients that are found on average in the United States.
Applying the information from EPA's research, a fuel-performance
factor of 0.98 was computed for this type of driving. This factor was
assigned to each allowance area. For the Washington, DC area, a factor
of 1.00 was used on the premise that the vast majority of traffic in
that area travels on major freeways and highways that are relatively
flat. The application of these factors is described in the next
section.
5.2.3.4 Overall Impact Upon Fuel Performance
JFA applied the factors described above to make adjustments to the
[[Page 4080]]
average gas mileage ratings for each type of automobile surveyed for
each allowance area and for the Washington, DC area. The adjustment
factors compound--that is, the total adjustment is the result of
multiplying the three individual factors together for each area.
In the table below, the factor 1.00 means that no adjustment to EPA
fuel performance is appropriate. A factor of less than 1.00 means that
the estimated gasoline mileage in the area is less than the EPA
average. For example, the total adjustment factor for Juneau is 0.84.
This means that the estimated gasoline mileage in Juneau is 84% of the
EPA estimated average. Note that the adjustment factor for the DC area
(0.94) indicates that average gasoline mileage in that area is also
below the EPA estimate.
Table 5-1.--Summary of Fuel-Performance Adjustments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Road
Location Temperature surface Gradient Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anchorage................................................... 0.88 0.96 0.98 0.83
Fairbanks................................................... 0.85 0.96 0.98 0.80
Juneau...................................................... 0.89 0.96 0.98 0.84
Nome........................................................ 0.85 0.96 0.98 0.80
Washington, DC.............................................. 0.94 1.00 1.00 0.94
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.2.4 Vehicle Maintenance
As done in the previous surveys, JFA surveyed the cost of five
common maintenance services and repairs performed on the vehicles
surveyed. The services and repairs were--
--Tuneup,
--Oil change,
--Automatic transmission fluid change,
--Flush/fill coolant, and
--Muffler/exhaust pipe replacement.
Where appropriate, the automobile manufacturers' recommended
maintenance schedules were used to determine the frequency of
performing each of these maintenance jobs. Maintenance schedules vary,
depending on the driving conditions typically encountered. Consistent
with the assumptions used for fuel economy and tire mileage, it was
assumed that driving conditions in the allowance areas are generally
severe, and the maintenance schedules used reflected that kind of
driving. For the DC area, it was assumed that driving conditions were
normal, and the maintenance schedules used for that area reflected that
kind of driving.
The recommended frequency of performing each of these jobs was
combined with the prices charged by local dealers and service stations
to compute an estimated annual maintenance expense. Unlike previous
surveys, JFA collected the cost of the complete maintenance service or
repair job for each vehicle. For example, the cost of a complete oil
change was collected for each vehicle including the total charge for
parts and the total charge for labor.
In the Alaska and Washington, DC areas, constant velocity joint
(CVJ) boots replacement was also included in the cost of vehicle
maintenance. Previous research conducted for OPM revealed varying
replacement cycles between the Alaska allowance areas and between the
Alaska areas and the Washington, DC area: Anchorage and Juneau--every
45,000 miles (3 years), Nome--every 30,000 miles (2 years), Fairbanks--
every 15,000 miles (1 year), and Washington, DC--every 60,000 miles (4
years). The cost of replacement for all three vehicle types was
factored into the indexes based upon the life cycle of the replacement.
In Fairbanks, for example, 100% of the cost was included because
previous research indicated annual replacement was the norm.
5.2.5 Tires
Research previously conducted for OPM revealed that various factors
(e.g., road quality/state of repair, road composition) appeared to
reduce tread life (i.e., the average number of miles a tire is expected
to last) in the allowance areas compared with the Washington, DC area.
Based on this research, the model uses tire expense based on a 40,000-
mile tread life in allowance areas and a 55,000-mile tread life in the
DC area.
JFA priced the cost of a new set of tires, including mounting and
balancing and all applicable taxes, in each area. This cost was
converted into an annual cost by dividing the estimated number of
annual miles driven by the expected tread life and multiplying this by
the new tire price.
Current research indicated that four extra studded snow tires would
be required for all three vehicles in the Alaska allowance areas. JFA
surveyed the cost of extra wheels, extra tires, and installing studs
for all vehicles in Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau and Nome.
5.2.6 License and Registration Fees, and Miscellaneous Tax
JFA obtained information regarding license registration fees and
personal property tax (where applicable). License and registration fees
were included as part of the annual cost of owning an automobile.
Personal-property tax was computed for each year of the vehicle's four-
year trade cycle using the vehicle's estimated used-car value for each
year. The resulting four personal property tax values were then
averaged, and that average was included as part of the annual cost of
owning an automobile.
As stated in section 5.2.1, sales and excise taxes were included in
the purchase price of the vehicle and were accounted for under the
annual vehicle purchase and finance costs.
5.2.7 Depreciation
The single largest annual expense related to owning and operating a
new car is depreciation--the lost value of the vehicle as it ages and
is driven. Total depreciation is calculated by subtracting from the
purchase the estimated residual value (used car value) four years
later. This value is then divided by 4 to produce an annual
depreciation amount.
As described earlier, the new car price is the manufacturer's
suggested retail price plus any additional charges such as shipping,
dealer prep, additional dealer markup, excise tax, and sales tax. As
done in previous surveys, the used car value was based on information
from the Black Book Official Finance/Lease Guide for 1994. Although
this source only tracks prices or vehicles sold in the contiguous 48
states, research performed by the previous OPM contractor did not
indicate that used cars in allowance areas were (on average) worth more
or less than used cars in the DC area, except for Fairbanks and Nome.
For Fairbanks and NOME, 90% of the Black Book projected residual values
were used to reflect the more severe conditions.
It should be noted that identical residual values did not result in
identical depreciation amounts. Depreciation amounts were higher in
[[Page 4081]]
the allowance areas than in the Washington, DC area because new car
prices are higher in the allowance areas.
5.2.8 Finance Expense
For the model, it is assumed that new car purchases are financed.
Therefore, JFA surveyed banks in all areas to obtain their auto-loan
interest rates for a 48-month loan with 80 percent financing. The
financing cost for each vehicle in each area was computed and included
in the annual cost of owning and operating an automobile.
5.2.9 Vehicle Insurance
JFA surveyed the cost of car insurance in each location. Consistent
with the previous year's survey, JFA used the following coverages,
limits, and deductibles:
Bodily Injury............................. $100,000/$300,000.
Property Damage........................... $50,000.
Medical................................... $5,000.
Uninsured Motorist........................ $100,000/300,000.
Comprehensive............................. $100 Deductible.
Collision................................. $250 Deductible.
In each survey area, JFA identified the common automobile insurance
companies and attempted to obtain three insurance price quotes for each
type of car surveyed. These quotes were averaged by type of car to
produce estimated insurance costs for each area.
5.2.10 Overall Annual Costs
As described above, JFA measured the annual costs for fuel,
maintenance and oil, tires, licensing, taxes, depreciation, finance,
and insurance for three types of automobiles in each allowance area and
in the Washington, DC area. These costs were then summed to determine
the overall annual costs by area for owning and operating each type of
automobile. Appendix 15 shows these costs for each area by type of
vehicle.
5.3 Other Transportation Costs--Air Fares
Air fare is the only item priced for the Other Transportation Costs
Category. For this item, JFA priced the lowest available round-trip air
fare from each allowance area and the Washington, DC area to Los
Angeles, California. Los Angeles was selected because it is a common
point approximately equidistant from most of the allowance areas and
the Washington, DC area. The cost of the trip from each allowance area
to Los Angeles was compared with the cost of the trip from the DC area
to Los Angeles to compute the category indexes. These fares are shown
in Appendix 16.
5.4 Transportation Component Analyses
JFA compared the total cost of private auto transportation for each
vehicle in each allowance area with the total cost for the same vehicle
in the DC area. These comparisons are expressed as indexes and are
shown in Appendix 17. The indexes were then averaged to produce a
single Automobile Expense Category index for each allowance area.
Likewise, JFA compared the cost of air fares for each area with
those for the DC area and computed a cost index. These indexes are also
shown in Appendix 17. That appendix also shows how the auto and air
transportation indexes are combined using expenditure weights derived
from the CES data to produce final transportation indexes.
JFA used national average expenditure data to derive weights that
reflected how much consumers typically spend to own and operate an
automobile versus other transportation expenses. These weights were
used to combine the Automobile Expense Category index with the Other
Transportation Cost index by area to derive the overall Transportation
Component index for the area. The weights, computations, and final
indexes are also shown in Appendix 17. The Transportation Component
indexes are used in Appendix 19 to derive the total overall index.
6. Miscellaneous Expenses
6.1 Component Overview
The Miscellaneous Expense component consists of three categories of
expenses:
--Medical care,
--Contributions (including gifts to non-family members),
--Personal insurance and retirement contributions/investments.
JFA used an approach similar to that used for the Goods and
Services Component to derive the indexes for each of these categories
and the Miscellaneous Component overall.
6.2 Component Weights
JFA used CES data to determine the appropriate weights for each of
the items and categories in the Miscellaneous Component. The following
table shows the category weights. Item weights are shown in Appendix
18.
Table 6-1.--Miscellaneous Expense Categories and Weights
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income level
--------------------------------------
Categories Lower Middle Upper
(percent) (percent) (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medical Care..................... 41.50 31.33 23.51
Contributions.................... 15.80 16.85 17.65
Personal Insurance and Retirement
Contributions................... 42.70 51.82 58.83
--------------------------------------
Totals..................... 100.00 100.00 100.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Values may not total because of rounding.
6.3 Component Categories
6.3.1 Medical Expense Category
JFA surveyed the price of medical care items using essentially the
same approach it used for the Goods and Services Component items. The
following medical-care items were priced in each allowance area and in
the Washington, DC area. (See Appendix 5 for item descriptions).
--Nonprescription pain reliever
--Prescription drugs
--Vision check
--Dental service
--Doctor visit
--Hospital room
--Health insurance
JFA surveyed the cost of these items in both the allowance areas
and in the Washington, DC area and compared the prices to produce an
index for each item in each area. JFA combined these indexes using CES
weights to produce a single Medical Care Category index for each area.
It should be noted that for the model, it is assumed that the cost
of health
[[Page 4082]]
insurance is constant among areas because the choice of Federal health
coverage is to a large extent a matter of personal preference.
Therefore, the index for this item is 100.00.
6.3.2 Contributions Category
The index for the Contributions Category is the Goods and Services
Component index for the area. The Goods and Services index is used
based on the assumption that the relative level of contribution is
roughly equivalent to that reflected by the Goods and Services index.
6.3.3 Personal Insurance and Retirement Category
The index for personal insurance and retirement contributions and
investments is assumed to be constant among areas. The cost of Federal
Employees Group Life Insurance is a matter of personal preference and
is constant in all areas for the same age, salary, and benefit option
combinations. Likewise, retirement contributions are a matter of
personal preference and the minimum contribution requirements are
constant among areas for equivalent salary levels.
6.4 Miscellaneous Expense Analyses
As with the Goods and Services Component, the indexes for each of
the Miscellaneous Component categories are combined using CES weights
to produce a single component index for each area. These indexes are
shown in Appendix 18.
Section 2.5 describes how the miscellaneous expense component
indexes are combined with the other component indexes to derive the
final index for each area.
7. Final Results
7.1 Total Comparative Cost Indexes
The total comparative cost indexes appear below. Appendix 19 shows
how each index was derived from the component indexes.
Table 7-1.--Final Cost Comparison Indexes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allowance area Index
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anchorage, Alaska............................................ 105.14
Fairbanks, Alaska............................................ 108.64
Juneau, Alaska............................................... 108.33
The rest of Alaska........................................... 126.19
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 1.--Publication in the Federal Register of Results of
Nonforeign Area Living-Cost Surveys: 1990-1995
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citation Title Contents
------------------------------------------------------------------------
56 FR 7902................ Office of Personnel Results of summer
Management: Cost-of- 1990 living-cost
Living Allowances surveys conducted in
and Post Alaska, Hawaii,
Differentials Guam, Puerto Rico,
(Nonforeign Areas). and the U.S. Virgin
Islands.
57 FR 58556............... Office of Personnel Results of summer
Management: Report 1991 and winter 1992
on 1991/1992 Surveys living-cost surveys
Used to Determine conducted in Alaska,
Cost-of-Living Hawaii, Guam, Puerto
Allowances in Rico, and the U.S.
Nonforeign Areas. Virgin Islands.
58 FR 45558............... Office of Personnel Results of summer
Management: Report 1992 and winter 1993
on 1992/1993 Surveys living-cost surveys
Used to Determine conducted in Alaska,
Cost-of-Living Hawaii, Guam, Puerto
Allowances in Rico, and the U.S.
Nonforeign Areas. Virgin Islands.
58 FR 27316............... Office of Personnel Results of summer
Management: Report 1993 living-cost
on Summer 1993 surveys conducted in
Surveys Used to Hawaii, Guam, Puerto
Determine Cost-of- Rico, and the U.S.
Living Allowances in Virgin Islands.
Nonforeign Areas.
59 FR 45066............... Office of Personnel Results of winter
Management: Report 1994 living-cost
on Winter 1994 surveys conducted in
Surveys Used to Alaska.
Determine Cost-of-
Living Allowances in
Alaska.
60 FR 61332............... Office of Personnel Results of summer
Management: Report 1994 living-cost
on Summer 1994 surveys conducted in
Surveys Used to Hawaii, Guam, Puerto
Determine Cost-of- Rico, and the U.S.
Living Allowances in Virgin Islands.
Selected Nonforeign
Areas.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 2.--Multiple Income Levels: Winter 1995 Survey
[Federal Employment Weights Within a Single Allowance Area]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Location and income level 1992 1993 1994 Average Weights
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anchorage, AK:
Low............................................. $1,708 $1,638 $1,609 $1,652 27.09
Middle.......................................... 2,048 2,090 1,971 2,036 33.39
Upper........................................... 2,247 2,400 2,583 2,410 39.52
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total......................................... $6,003 $6,128 $6,163 $6,098 100.00
===========================================================
Fairbanks, AK:
Low............................................. $406 $400 $444 $417 34.98
Middle.......................................... 415 467 442 441 37.00
Upper........................................... 292 318 392 334 28.02
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total......................................... $1,113 $1,185 $1,278 $1,192 100.00
===========================================================
Juneau, AK:
Low............................................. $139 $139 $145 $141 19.91
Middle.......................................... 230 245 220 232 32.77
Upper........................................... 310 334 360 335 47.32
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total......................................... $679 $718 $725 $708 100.00
===========================================================
[[Page 4083]]
Rest of Alaska:
Low............................................. $460 $444 $414 $439 28.07
Middle.......................................... 710 759 722 730 46.67
Upper........................................... 348 391 445 395 25.26
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total......................................... $1,518 $1,594 $1,581 $1,564 100.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 3.--Consumer Expenditure Surveys
[Pre-published Data for All Consumer Units Nationwide *]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total complete reporting
---------------------------------------------------------------
1988 1991 1992 Average
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Before Tax income....................... $28,540.00 $33,901.00 $33,854.00 $32,098.33
Average annual expenditures..................... 26,389.07 30,487.29 30,527.49 29,134.62
Food.......................................... 3,804.39 4,366.88 4,358.56 4,176.61
Food at home................................ 2,176.94 2,724.89 2,684.35 2,528.73
Cereals and bakery products *............. 317.03 413.81 418.15 383.00
Cereals and cereal products *........... 111.15 149.01 144.15 134.77
Flour *............................... 4.83 6.61 7.21 6.22
Prepared flour mixes *................ 9.88 14.67 13.62 12.72
Ready-to-eat and cooked cereals *..... 73.49 90.13 88.39 84.00
Rice *................................ 7.98 14.49 12.67 11.71
Pasta, cornmeal and other cereal
products *........................... 14.97 23.11 22.27 20.12
Bakery products *....................... 205.88 264.80 274.00 248.23
Bread *............................... 65.72 76.98 77.58 73.43
White bread *....................... 35.48 38.93 38.04 37.48
Bread, other than white *........... 30.24 38.04 39.54 35.94
Crackers and cookies *................ 51.76 65.09 67.10 61.32
Cookies *........................... 32.19 41.15 40.75 38.03
Crackers *.......................... 19.57 23.94 26.34 23.28
Frozen and refrigerated bakery
products *........................... 13.55 19.33 21.06 17.98
Other bakery products *............... 74.84 103.40 108.27 95.50
Biscuits and rolls *................ 26.62 34.12 35.55 32.10
Cakes and cupcakes *................ 20.31 29.49 31.67 27.16
Bread and cracker products *........ 2.82 4.14 4.70 3.89
Sweetrolls, coffee cakes, doughnuts
*.................................. 19.60 24.05 24.93 22.86
Pies, tarts, turnovers *............ 5.48 11.61 11.41 9.50
Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs *.......... 560.01 725.06 687.17 657.41
Beef *.................................. 183.66 238.59 210.36 210.87
Ground beef *......................... 79.09 89.66 87.67 85.47
Roast *............................... 33.40 42.62 37.74 37.92
Chuck roast *....................... 13.23 16.81 13.48 14.51
Round roast *....................... 9.13 12.63 12.96 11.57
Other roast *....................... 11.04 13.18 11.30 11.84
Steak *............................... 59.01 87.83 69.00 71.95
Round steak *....................... 11.62 16.56 14.63 14.27
Sirloin steak *..................... 12.96 23.58 17.72 18.09
Other steak *....................... 34.42 47.68 36.65 39.58
Other beef *.......................... 12.17 18.47 15.95 15.53
Pork *.................................. 114.19 146.62 155.56 138.79
Bacon *............................... 20.23 21.28 20.47 20.66
Pork chops *.......................... 27.10 35.26 34.88 32.41
Ham *................................. 27.43 38.92 42.73 36.36
Ham, not canned *................... 24.47 35.84 38.98 33.10
Canned ham *........................ 2.96 3.08 3.75 3.26
Sausage *............................. 16.60 21.01 23.29 20.30
Other pork *.......................... 22.83 30.15 34.19 29.06
Other meats *........................... 83.61 102.91 94.58 93.70
Frankfurters *........................ 17.37 23.87 21.19 20.81
Lunch meats (cold cuts) *............. 58.88 70.13 63.56 64.19
Bologna, liverwurst, salami *....... 19.11 23.75 22.91 21.92
Other lunchmeats *.................. 39.78 46.39 40.65 42.27
Lamb, organ, meats and others *....... 7.36 8.91 9.84 8.70
Lamb and organ meats *.............. 6.17 7.89 8.74 7.60
Mutton, goat and game *............. 1.19 1.02 1.10 1.10
Poultry *............................... 85.49 123.67 123.39 110.85
Fresh and frozen chickens *........... 66.41 92.17 91.28 83.29
Fresh whole chicken *............... 17.24 24.27 19.61 20.37
[[Page 4084]]
Fresh and frozen chicken parts *.... 49.17 67.90 71.67 62.91
Other poultry, incl. whole frozen
chickens *........................... 19.08 31.50 32.10 27.56
Fish and seafood *...................... 65.24 81.51 74.99 73.91
Canned fish and seafood *............. 17.95 18.40 17.46 17.94
Fresh and frozen shellfish *.......... 14.98 25.27 21.36 20.54
Fresh and frozen finfish *............ 32.31 37.83 36.17 35.44
Eggs *.................................. 27.83 31.77 28.30 29.30
Dairy products *.......................... 277.91 306.57 307.10 297.19
Fresh milk and cream *.................. 134.41 134.72 136.59 135.24
Whole milk *.......................... 52.12 49.88 47.69 49.90
Other milk and cream *................ 82.29 84.84 88.90 85.34
Other dairy products *.................. 143.50 171.85 170.52 161.96
Butter *.............................. 8.89 10.62 9.71 9.74
Cheese *.............................. 79.01 90.15 87.72 85.63
Ice cream and related products *...... 41.68 50.47 51.93 48.03
Miscellaneous dairy products *........ 13.93 20.61 21.16 18.57
Fruits and vegetables *................... 376.38 437.70 435.20 416.43
Fresh fruits *.......................... 120.98 132.65 129.17 127.60
Apples *.............................. 21.57 26.69 26.64 24.97
Bananas *............................. 20.65 27.62 26.48 24.92
Oranges *............................. 10.98 12.28 13.23 12.16
Other fresh fruits *.................. 67.78 66.06 62.82 65.55
Fresh vegetables *...................... 110.67 131.09 127.84 123.20
Potatoes *............................ 16.61 25.25 24.56 22.14
Lettuce *............................. 13.73 15.51 16.33 15.19
Tomatoes *............................ 14.87 21.64 19.85 18.79
Other fresh vegetables *.............. 65.47 68.69 67.10 67.09
Processed fruits *...................... 86.81 99.35 102.67 96.28
Frozen fruits and fruit juices *...... 19.59 22.09 21.35 21.01
Frozen orange juice *............... 14.43 14.09 13.34 13.95
Other frozen fruits and juices *.... 5.16 7.99 8.01 7.05
Canned and dried fruits *............. 21.22 24.23 23.48 22.98
Fresh, canned or bottled fruit juice * 46.00 53.03 57.83 52.29
Processed vegetables *.................. 57.92 74.61 75.53 69.35
Frozen vegetables *................... 21.30 26.45 25.46 24.40
Canned and dried vegetables and juices
*.................................... 36.62 48.16 50.07 44.95
Canned beans *...................... 6.64 9.26 10.09 8.66
Canned corn *....................... 4.21 6.29 7.40 5.97
Other canned and dried veg. and
juices *........................... 25.77 32.61 32.59 30.32
Other food at home *...................... 645.61 841.75 836.73 774.70
Sugar and other sweets *................ 80.66 104.62 106.24 97.17
Candy and chewing gum *............... 45.41 59.10 62.86 55.79
Sugar *............................... 17.07 20.80 18.12 18.66
Artificial sweetners *................ 2.36 3.23 3.24 2.94
Jams, preserves, other sweets *....... 15.82 21.48 22.02 19.77
Fats and oils *......................... 56.65 73.12 73.79 67.85
Margarine *........................... 11.96 14.31 14.56 13.61
Other fats, oils, and salad dressing * 31.66 39.96 40.94 37.52
Nondairy cream and imitation milk *... 4.49 6.56 6.75 5.93
Peanut butter *....................... 8.54 12.30 11.53 10.79
Miscellaneous foods *................... 272.98 387.81 393.26 351.35
Frozen prepared foods *............... 46.13 71.21 73.99 63.78
Frozen meats *...................... 16.75 25.00 22.99 21.58
Other frozen prepared foods *....... 29.39 46.21 51.01 42.20
Canned and packaged soups *........... 21.41 26.23 25.44 24.36
Potato chips, nuts and other snacks *. 59.78 78.66 78.63 72.36
Potato chips and other snacks *..... 46.79 62.03 62.34 57.05
Nuts *.............................. 12.99 16.63 16.29 15.30
Condiments and seasonings *........... 61.52 87.93 90.44 79.96
Salt, spices, other seasonings *.... 12.31 19.15 20.79 17.42
Olives, pickles, relishes *......... 7.62 11.05 10.82 9.83
Sauces and gravies *................ 31.62 42.03 43.55 39.07
Baking needs and misc. products *... 9.97 15.71 15.29 13.66
Other canned and packaged prepared
foods *.............................. 84.14 123.78 124.75 110.89
Salads and desserts *............... 13.23 17.87 20.42 17.17
Baby foods *........................ 16.25 23.56 24.11 21.31
Miscellaneous prepared foods *...... 54.66 82.35 80.22 72.41
Nonalcoholic beverages *................ 204.37 233.06 219.33 218.92
Cola *................................ 92.19 92.26 86.71 90.39
[[Page 4085]]
Other carbonated drinks *............. 32.62 39.32 40.41 37.45
Coffee *.............................. 40.93 42.59 40.13 41.22
Roasted coffee *.................... 25.27 25.35 24.56 25.06
Instant and freeze dried coffee *... 15.66 17.24 15.57 16.16
Noncarbornated fruit flavored drinks * 16.30 25.74 20.15 20.73
Tea *................................. 11.18 14.66 14.26 13.37
Nonalacoholic beer *.................. NA NA NA NA
Other nonalcoholic beverages *........ 11.15 18.51 17.68 15.78
Food prepared by consumer unit on out-of-
town trips............................. 30.94 43.13 44.12 39.40
Food away from home......................... 1,627.45 1,641.99 1,674.21 1,647.88
Meals at restaurants, carry-outs and other
*........................................ 1,275.77 1,300.05 1,344.40 1,306.74
Lunch *................................. 499.88 463.89 476.89 480.22
Dinner *................................ 459.30 601.50 619.67 590.16
Snacks and nonalcoholic beverages *... 142.56 133.59 141.35 139.17
Breakfast and brunch *................ 84.04 101.08 106.49 97.20
Board (including at school)............... 43.62 43.00 46.92 44.51
Catered affairs........................... 41.27 46.07 40.77 42.70
Food on out-of-town trips............. 195.31 178.84 167.14 180.43
School lunches........................ 42.24 46.89 47.40 45.51
Meals as pay.......................... 29.24 27.13 27.58 27.98
Alcoholic beverages........................... 281.70 313.94 321.12 305.59
At home *................................... 148.36 166.77 177.01 164.05
Beer and ale *............................ 89.05 87.98 99.54 92.19
Whiskey *................................. 12.73 17.07 14.23 14.68
Wine *.................................... 32.15 45.33 43.11 40.20
Other alcholic beverages *................ 14.43 16.38 20.13 16.98
Away from home.............................. 133.34 147.17 144.11 141.54
Beer and ale *............................ 37.50 46.76 48.77 44.34
Wine *.................................... 18.54 25.57 22.95 22.35
Other alcoholic beverages *............... 58.12 46.66 47.06 50.61
Alcoholic beverages purchased on trips.... 19.17 28.19 25.34 24.23
Housing....................................... 8,069.13 9,325.13 9,528.41 8,974.22
Shelter..................................... 4,470.25 5,208.28 5,431.78 5,036.77
Owned dwellings........................... 2,554.04 3,279.50 3,307.24 3,046.93
Mortgage interest and charges........... 1.560.48 1,951.95 1,984.40 1,832.28
Mortgage interest..................... 1,560.38 1,880.31 1,856.78 1,765.82
Interest paid, home equity loan....... NA 33.34 63.99 48.67
Interest paid, home equity line of
credit............................... NA 37.94 63.32 50.63
Prepayment penalty charges............ 0.10 0.36 0.31 0.26
Property taxes.......................... 496.08 767.69 760.97 674.91
Maintenance, repairs, insurance, other
expenses............................... 497.48 559.86 561.86 539.73
Homeowners and related insurance...... 151.74 164.20 176.37 164.10
Fire and extended coverage.......... 4.98 3.84 5.02 4.61
Homeowners insurance................ 146.76 160.36 171.35 159.49
Ground rent........................... 26.88 33.78 33.40 31.35
Maintenance and repair services....... 252.68 278.55 268.09 266.44
Painting and papering............... 52.01 39.24 37.27 42.84
Plumbing and water heating.......... 23.06 31.48 34.02 29.52
Heat, a/c, electrical work.......... 42.03 45.96 53.14 47.04
Roofing and gutters................. 46.96 54.11 40.98 47.35
Other repair and maintenance
services........................... 78.78 99.93 91.16 89.96
Repair and replacement of hard
surface flooring................... 8.14 6.47 10.16 8.26
Repair of built-in appliances....... 1.68 1.36 1.36 1.47
Maintenance and repair commodities.... 65.41 69.18 63.89 66.16
Paints, wallpaper and supplies...... 17.47 16.27 16.50 16.75
Tools and equipment for painting and
wallpapering....................... 1.88 1.75 1.77 1.80
Plumbing supplies and equipment..... 5.65 7.65 5.96 6.42
Electrical supplies, heating and
cooling equipment.................. 3.76 3.44 7.13 4.78
Materials for hard surface flooring,
repair and replac.................. 1.85 2.17 3.13 2.38
Materials and equipment for roof and
gutters............................ 5.18 6.61 6.20 6.00
Materials for plaster., panel.,
siding, wind., doors, screens, awn. 11.08 10.86 7.29 9.74
Materials for patio, walk, fence,
drive., mason., brick, stucco work. 2.12 0.55 0.67 1.11
Materials for landscaping
maintenance........................ 2.52 1.77 1.15 1.81
Miscellaneous supplies and equipment 13.89 18.11 14.08 15.36
Material for insulation, other
maint. and repair................ 7.87 12.55 7.84 9.42
Materials to finish base., remodel
rooms or build patios, walks, etc 6.02 5.56 6.24 5.94
[[Page 4086]]
Property management and security...... 0.74 13.44 20.12 11.43
Property management................. 0.64 8.61 13.24 7.50
Management and upkeep services for
security........................... 0.10 4.84 6.88 3.94
Parking............................... 0.04 0.70 NA 0.37
Rented dwellings.......................... 1,469.41 1,609.43 1,787.19 1,622.01
Rent.................................... 1,428.30 1,538.23 1,714.30 1,560.28
Rent as pay............................. 17.34 44.87 37.09 33.10
Maintenance, insurance and other
expenses............................... 23.76 26.33 35.80 28.63
Tenant's insurance.................... 8.68 9.76 9.16 9.20
Maintenance and repair services....... 9.01 9.96 11.88 10.28
Repair or maintenance services...... 8.62 9.49 11.52 9.88
Repair and replacement of hard
surface flooring................... 0.36 0.38 0.29 0.34
Repair of built-in appliances....... 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.06
Maintenance and repair commodities.... 6.07 6.61 14.76 9.15
Paint, wallpaper, and supplies...... 1.19 2.07 1.70 1.65
Tools and equipment for painting and
wallpapering....................... 0.13 0.22 0.18 0.18
Materials for plastering, panels,
roofing, gutters, etc.............. 0.68 0.43 2.86 1.32
Materials for patio, walk, fence,
drive., masonry, brick and stucco
work............................... 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03
Plumbing supplies and equipment..... 0.38 0.25 0.55 0.39
Electrical supplies, heating and
cooling equipment.................. 0.92 0.34 0.26 0.51
Miscellaneous supplies and equipment 1.84 2.17 7.71 3.91
Material for insulation, other
maintenance and repair........... 0.58 0.82 1.51 0.97
Termite and pest control (capital
improvement)..................... 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Materials for additions, finishing
base., remodeling rooms.......... 1.08 1.34 5.90 2.77
Construction materials for jobs
not started...................... 0.18 0.01 0.30 0.16
Material for hard surface flooring.. 0.14 0.59 0.90 0.54
Material for landscape maintenance.. 0.76 0.53 0.55 0.61
Other lodging............................. 446.79 319.35 337.35 367.83
Owned vacation homes.................... 78.26 92.13 115.29 95.23
Mortgage interest and charges......... NA 39.20 54.55 46.88
Mortgage interest................... 48.65 38.93 50.60 46.06
Interest paid, home equity loan..... NA 0.02 1.06 0.54
Interest paid, home equity line of
credit............................. NA 0.26 2.88 1.57
Prepayment penalty charge........... 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Property taxes...................... 16.90 37.77 42.04 32.24
Maintenance, insurance, and other
expenses........................... 12.71 15.17 18.70 15.53
Homeowners and related insurance.... 3.07 3.79 4.10 3.65
Homeowners insurance.............. 3.04 3.65 3.86 3.52
Fine and extended coverage........ 0.03 0.14 0.24 0.14
Ground rent......................... 3.33 2.32 1.75 2.47
Maintenance and repair services..... 5.52 5.25 7.53 6.10
Repair and remodeling services.... 5.52 5.14 7.39 6.02
Repair and replaement of hard
surface flooring................. 0.00 0.11 0.15 0.09
Maintenance and repair commodities.. 0.39 0.53 1.97 0.96
Paints, wallpaper, supplies....... 0.08 0.15 1.31 0.51
Tools and equipment for painting
and wallpapering................. 0.01 0.02 0.14 0.06
Materials for plaster., panel.,
roof., gutters, downspouts, sid.,
wind., door...................... 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.06
Material for patio, walk, fence,
drive, masonry, brick, stucco.... 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Plumbing supplies and equipment... 0.02 0.05 0.32 0.13
Eletrical supplies, heating and
cooling equipment................ 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.04
Miscellaneous supplies and
equipment........................ 0.01 0.12 0.09 0.07
Material for insulation, other
maintenance and repair......... 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.05
Material for finishing basements
and remodeling rooms........... 0.00 0.08 NA 0.04
Materials for hard surface
flooring......................... 0.20 NA NA 0.20
Materials for landscaping
maintenance...................... 0.00 0.06 NA 0.03
Property management and security.... 0.40 3.19 3.35 2.31
Property management............... 0.40 1.96 2.25 1.54
Management and upkeep services for
security......................... 0.00 1.23 1.10 0.78
Parking............................. 0.00 0.09 NA 0.05
Housing while attending school.......... 35.48 59.66 54.71 49.95
Lodging on out-of-town trips............ 178.58 167.56 167.34 171.16
Utilities, fuels, and public services....... 1,726.29 1,961.13 1,962.49 1.883.30
Natural gas............................... 232.22 240.89 246.97 240.03
Utility--natural gas (renter)........... 50.85 59.96 55.98 52.60
Utility--natural gas (owned home)....... 180.07 189.11 189.86 186.35
Utility--natural gas (owned vacation)... 1.22 0.82 1.07 1.04
Utility--natural gas (rented vacation).. 0.08 NA 0.06 0.07
[[Page 4087]]
Electricity............................... 700.08 791.57 770.65 754.10
Electricity (renter).................... 169.94 189.36 201.59 186.96
Electricity (owned home)................ 524.87 595.84 562.26 560.99
Electricity (owned vacation)............ 5.03 6.00 6.59 5.87
Electricity (rented vacation)........... 0.25 0.37 0.20 0.27
Fuel oil and other fuels.................. 94.02 103.30 93.93 97.08
Fuel oil................................ 55.60 62.83 55.61 58.01
Fuel oil (renter)..................... 5.21 5.61 7.00 5.94
Fuel oil (owned home)................. 49.96 56.67 48.25 51.63
Fuel oil (owned vacation)............. 0.38 0.51 0.36 0.42
Fuel oil (rented vacation)............ 0.06 0.04 NA 0.05
Coal.................................... 3.50 4.66 2.50 3.55
Coal (renter)......................... 0.55 0.26 0.05 0.29
Coal (owned home)..................... 2.95 4.38 2.44 3.26
Coal (owned vacation)................. 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01
Coal (rented vacation)................ 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Bottled gas............................. 24.48 27.47 27.18 26.38
Gas, btld/tank (renter)............... 3.78 4.19 4.79 4.25
Gas, btld/tank (owned home)........... 18.58 21.14 20.75 20.16
Gas, btld/tank (owned vacation)....... 2.12 2.11 1.64 1.96
Gas, btld/tank (rented vacation)...... 0.00 0.02 NA 0.01
Wood and other fuels.................... 10.43 8.35 8.64 9.14
Wood/other fuels (renter)............. 1.31 1.37 1.59 1.42
Wood/other fuels (owned home)......... 9.05 6.92 6.71 7.56
Wood/other fuels (owned vacation)..... 0.06 0.05 0.34 0.15
Wood/other fuels (rented vacation).... 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Telephone services........................ 528.79 608.50 619.87 585.72
Telephone (old)......................... NA 48.22 0.00 24.11
Telephone services in home city,
excluding mobile car phones............ NA 560.28 619.87 590.08
Telephone services for mobile car phones NA NA NA NA
Water and other public services........... 171.19 216.87 231.08 206.38
Water and sewerage maintenance.......... 131.02 159.33 160.22 150.19
Water/sewer maint. (renter)........... 18.53 22.04 24.38 21.65
Water/sewer maint. (owned home)....... 111.57 136.19 133.69 127.15
Water/sewer maint. (owned vacation)... 0.83 1.09 2.10 1.34
Water/sewer maint. (rented vacation).. 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.05
Trash and garbage collection............ 38.67 55.90 69.38 54.65
Trash/garb. coll. (renter)............ 5.28 7.26 7.37 6.64
Trash/garb. coll. (owned home)........ 33.31 47.64 59.92 46.96
Trash/garb. coll. (owned vacation).... 0.08 1.00 2.09 1.06
Trash/garb. coll. (rented vacation)... 0.00 NA 0.01 0.01
Septic tank cleaning.................... 1.50 1.65 1.47 1.54
Septic tank clean. (renter)........... 0.01 0.07 0.11 0.06
Septic tank clean. (owned home)....... 1.48 1.57 1.29 1.45
Septic tank clean. (owned vacation)... 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.03
Septic tank clean. (rented vacation).. 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Household operations...................... 387.45 451.97 487.20 442.21
Personal services....................... 176.53 224.86 253.05 218.15
Babysitting........................... 74.62 83.78 85.92 81.44
Care for elderly, invalids,
handicapped, etc..................... 11.66 26.56 43.92 27.38
Day-care centers, nursery, and
preschools........................... 90.25 114.51 123.21 109.32
Other household expenses................ 210.92 227.11 234.15 224.06
Household services.................... 67.76 77.46 71.70 72.31
Gardening, lawn care services......... 49.60 60.85 64.99 58.48
Water softening service............... 2.81 2.72 3.28 2.94
Household laundry, dry cleaning, sent
out (nonclothing) not coin operated.. 1.63 2.21 2.32 2.05
Coin-operated household and dry
cleaning (nonclothing)............... 4.78 4.91 5.58 5.09
Other home services................... 17.86 16.79 18.38 17.68
Termite/pest control products......... 0.20 0.22 0.29 0.24
Moving, storage, freight express...... 26.46 22.73 24.37 24.52
Appliance repair, including service
center............................... 16.44 16.96 15.88 16.43
Reupholstering, furniture repair...... 13.85 11.51 18.56 14.64
Repair/rental of lawn/garden equip.,
hand/power tools, other house. equip. 5.92 5.78 3.74 5.15
Appliance rental...................... 2.08 1.28 1.86 1.74
Rental of office equipment for
nonbusiness use...................... 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.16
Repair of miscellaneous household
equipment and furnishings *.......... 0.48 2.34 1.89 1.57
Repair of computer systems for
nonbusiness use...................... 0.88 1.19 1.19 1.09
[[Page 4088]]
Rental/installation of dishwashers,
range hoods, and garbage disposals... 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Housekeeping supplies *................. 382.82 451.34 462.61 432.26
Laundry and cleaning supplies *....... 106.44 123.66 123.97 118.02
Soaps and detergents *.............. 62.10 73.49 70.41 68.67
Other laundry cleaning products *... 44.33 50.17 53.56 49.35
Other household products *............ 157.48 197.81 211.79 189.03
Cleansing and toilet tissue, paper
towels and napkins *............... 52.12 62.60 60.52 58.41
Miscellaneous household products *.. 67.89 91.22 94.75 84.62
Lawn and garden supplies *.......... 37.47 44.00 56.52 46.00
Postage and stationery *.............. 118.89 129.87 126.85 125.20
Stationery, stationery supplies,
giftwraps *........................ 54.40 66.09 62.59 61.03
Postage *........................... 64.49 63.78 64.26 64.18
Household furnishings and equipment..... 1,102.32 1,252.41 1,184.33 1,179.69
Household textiles.................... 97.11 107.35 94.56 99.67
Bathroom linens *................... 13.69 24.61 15.62 17.97
Bedroom linens *.................... 38.11 39.34 43.17 40.21
Kitchen and dining room linens *.... 5.74 4.76 7.84 6.11
Curtains and draperies.............. 26.56 18.09 19.11 21.25
Slipcovers, decorative pillows...... 1.64 1.36 1.42 1.47
Sewing material for slipcovers,
curtains, other sewing matter, for
the home........................... 10.32 18.17 6.54 11.68
Other linens........................ 1.05 1.04 0.86 0.98
Furniture............................. 319.44 297.24 316.15 310.94
Mattress and springs................ 41.86 35.82 38.97 38.88
Other bedroom furniture............. 39.75 46.24 57.57 47.85
Sofas............................... 65.44 65.48 70.67 67.20
Living room chairs.................. 35.91 34.99 30.70 33.87
Living room tables.................. 20.16 14.24 17.63 17.34
Kitchen, dining room furniture...... 58.64 46.11 42.37 49.04
Infants' furniture.................. 7.01 7.58 6.74 7.11
Outdoor furniture................... 12.57 13.59 11.02 12.39
Occasional furniture................ 38.12 33.18 40.48 37.26
Floor coverings....................... 70.23 128.97 61.08 86.76
Wall-to-wall carpeting (renter)..... 2.41 2.02 2.57 2.33
Wall-to-wall carpet, installed
(renter)......................... 1.73 1.56 2.05 1.78
Wall-to-wall carpet, not installed
carpet squares (renter).......... 0.68 0.46 0.52 0.55
Wall-to-wall carpet (replacement)
(owned home)....................... 42.57 34.99 29.06 35.54
Wall-to-wall carpet, not installed
(replace.), carpet squares (owned
home)............................ 3.04 2.91 1.89 2.61
Wall-to-wall carpet, installed
(replacement) (owned home)....... 39.53 32.08 27.17 32.93
Room size rugs and other floor
covering, nonpermanent............. 25.25 91.96 29.45 48.89
Major appliances...................... 172.90 131.98 144.89 149.92
Dishwashers (built-in), garbage
disposals, range hood, (renter).... 0.24 0.98 0.16 0.46
Dishwashers (built-in), garbage
disposals, range hoods (owned home) 10.05 9.54 7.21 8.93
Refrigerators, freezers (renter).... 11.18 7.51 8.38 9.02
Refrigerators, freezers (owned home) 39.29 25.85 33.30 32.81
Washing machines (renter)........... 6.56 4.28 6.28 5.71
Washing machines (owned home)....... 17.96 17.22 15.85 17.01
Clothes dryers (renter)............. 4.18 2.34 3.35 3.29
Clothes dryers (owned home)......... 10.35 7.05 9.78 9.06
Cooking stoves, ovens (renter)...... 2.87 2.18 3.11 2.72
Cooking stoves, ovens (owned home).. 19.55 13.20 14.81 15.85
Microwave ovens (renter)............ 4.47 2.09 3.09 3.22
Microwave ovens (owned home)........ 9.81 4.85 4.74 6.47
Portable dishwasher (renter)........ 0.31 0.14 0.11 0.19
Portable dishwasher (owned home).... 1.33 0.24 1.15 0.91
Window air conditioners (renter).... 2.43 1.12 1.18 1.58
Window air conditioners (owned home) 8.23 7.61 3.31 6.38
Electric floor cleaning equipment... 14.62 15.03 13.63 14.43
Sewing machines..................... 6.08 5.19 5.15 5.47
Miscellaneous household appliances * 3.39 5.56 10.29 6.41
Small appliances, miscellaneous
housewares........................... 60.51 83.38 86.46 76.78
Housewares.......................... 39.14 57.82 62.47 53.14
Plastic dinnerware................ 1.83 1.79 1.61 1.74
China and other dinnerware........ 10.31 11.56 11.60 11.16
Flatware.......................... 3.44 4.07 3.97 3.83
Glassware *....................... 9.79 7.08 13.59 10.15
[[Page 4089]]
Silver serving pieces *........... 0.27 3.83 1.35 1.82
Other serving pieces.............. 1.36 1.78 1.59 1.58
Nonelectric cookware *............ 12.14 11.67 11.66 11.82
Tableware, nonelectric kitchenware
*................................ NA 16.02 17.08 16.55
Small appliances.................... 21.37 25.56 23.99 23.64
Small electric kitchen appliances. 14.17 18.05 18.75 16.99
Portable heating and cooling
equipment........................ 7.20 7.52 5.23 6.65
Miscellaneous household equipment..... 382.11 503.48 481.19 455.59
Window coverings.................... 13.72 12.79 17.37 14.63
Infants' equipment *................ 3.77 10.62 5.52 6.64
Laundry and cleaning equip *........ 8.52 9.19 10.99 9.57
Outdoor equipment................... 4.73 6.20 4.83 5.25
Clocks.............................. 5.46 4.45 3.38 4.43
Lamps and lighting fixtures *....... 28.40 22.80 26.10 25.77
Other household decorative items *.. 80.30 107.69 111.16 99.72
Telephones and accessories *........ 7.25 62.21 20.55 30.00
Lawn and garden equipment........... 49.12 39.58 43.15 43.95
Power tools......................... 14.39 13.25 16.15 14.60
Small miscellaneous furnishings *... 3.39 5.23 1.15 3.26
Hand tools *........................ 13.67 11.71 14.07 13.15
Indoor plants, fresh flowers *...... 41.42 57.80 53.49 50.90
Closet and storage items *.......... 4.62 6.99 12.21 7.94
Rental of furniture................. 3.20 3.36 3.67 3.35
Luggage............................. 8.72 7.49 7.04 7.75
Computers and computer hardware
nonbusiness use.................... 39.66 63.64 63.66 55.72
Computer software and accessories
for nonbusiness use................ 7.36 8.69 9.48 8.51
Telephone answering devices......... 4.23 5.00 4.64 4.62
Calculators......................... 1.99 2.56 1.57 2.04
Business equipment for home use..... 6.20 5.02 4.23 5.15
Other hardware *.................... 6.95 11.83 13.74 10.84
Smoke alarms (owned home)........... 0.54 0.38 0.47 0.46
Smoke alarms (renter)............... 0.15 0.09 0.06 0.10
Smoke alarms (owned vacation)....... 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Other household appliances (owned
home).............................. 4.25 4.63 4.40 4.43
Other household appliances (renter). 1.35 0.87 0.99 1.07
Miscellaneous household equipment
and parts *........................ 18.73 19.42 27.08 21.74
Apparel and services.......................... 1,537.27 1,801.23 1,732.90 1,690.47
Men and boys................................ 400.67 448.88 436.86 428.80
Men, 16 and over.......................... 318.80 357.81 353.05 343.22
Men's suits............................. 41.20 39.20 43.98 41.46
Men's sportcoats, tailored jackets...... 15.57 13.84 12.04 13.82
Men's coats and jackets *............... 29.30 30.48 26.12 28.63
Men's underwear *....................... 9.72 12.26 14.13 12.04
Men's hosiery *......................... 10.34 12.60 13.73 12.22
Men's nightwear *....................... 2.89 6.24 5.84 4.99
Men's accessories *..................... 22.88 34.42 33.64 30.31
Men's sweaters and vests................ 17.65 13.47 13.11 14.74
Men's active sportswear................. 12.10 12.15 11.96 12.07
Men's shirts *.......................... 74.17 87.10 87.25 82.84
Men's pants *........................... 70.76 77.09 70.18 72.68
Men's shorts, shorts sets *............. 8.29 13.53 16.40 12.74
Men's uniforms.......................... 3.16 5.00 3.70 3.95
Men's costumes.......................... 0.77 0.42 0.98 0.72
Boys 2 to 15.............................. 81.86 91.07 83.82 85.58
Boys' coats and jackets *............... 9.48 4.36 5.73 6.52
Boys' sweaters.......................... 3.73 3.09 2.70 3.17
Boys' shirts *.......................... 20.55 21.80 19.50 20.62
Boys' underwear *....................... 1.55 4.96 4.89 3.80
Boys' nightwear *....................... 2.79 2.21 2.83 2.61
Boys' hosiery *......................... 3.99 4.97 4.26 4.41
Boys' accessories *..................... 2.77 4.58 5.19 4.18
Boys' suits, sportcoats, vests *........ 3.00 0.51 2.13 1.88
Boys' pants *........................... 24.70 24.72 19.41 22.94
Boys' shorts, shorts sets *............. 3.91 11.51 9.03 8.15
Boys' uniforms, active sportswear....... 5.10 7.43 7.30 6.61
Boys' costumes.......................... 0.29 0.93 0.85 0.69
Women and girls............................. 608.90 724.73 703.40 679.01
Women, 16 and over........................ 509.83 624.19 607.23 580.42
Women's coats and jackets *............. 33.49 40.55 58.80 44.28
[[Page 4090]]
Women's dresses *....................... 83.27 118.10 89.96 97.11
Women's sportcoats, tailored jackets *.. 0.84 6.02 3.90 3.59
Women's vests and sweaters *............ 36.74 46.00 40.43 41.06
Women's shirts, tops, blouses *......... 85.55 114.03 106.20 101.93
Women's skirts *........................ 29.28 28.63 21.52 26.48
Women's pants *......................... 66.85 69.35 79.18 71.79
Women's shorts, shorts sets *........... 14.23 20.40 23.33 19.32
Women's active sportwear *.............. 23.13 28.54 32.91 28.19
Women's sleepwear *..................... 22.57 20.98 25.33 22.96
Women's undergarments *................. 24.38 27.53 33.13 28.35
Women's hoisery......................... 25.85 27.13 25.01 26.00
Women's suits........................... 28.04 33.54 30.71 30.76
Women's accessories *................... 34.46 38.59 33.98 35.68
Women's uniforms *...................... 1.15 1.47 1.82 1.48
Women's costumes........................ 0.00 3.34 1.01 1.45
Girls, 2 to 15............................ 99.08 100.53 96.17 98.59
Girls' coats and jackets................ 7.95 6.71 7.66 7.44
Girls' dresses, suits................... 12.02 13.87 13.23 13.04
Girls' shirts, blouses, sweaters *...... 30.19 23.20 22.42 25.27
Girls' shirts and pants................. 16.37 15.56 14.87 15.60
Girls' shorts, shorts sets.............. 6.41 8.41 9.83 8.22
Girls' active sportwear *............... 9.32 10.66 8.41 9.46
Girls' underwear and sleepwear.......... 5.92 6.16 6.26 6.11
Girls' hoisery *........................ 4.88 6.09 5.05 5.34
Girls' accessories *.................... 4.08 5.49 4.50 4.69
Girls' uniforms......................... 1.46 2.26 1.86 1.86
Girls' costumes......................... NA 2.12 2.08 2.10
Children under 2.......................... 63.60 85.67 80.39 76.55
Infant coat, jacket, snowsuit........... 3.17 2.99 3.25 3.14
Infant dresses, outerwear............... 14.98 17.87 20.75 17.87
Infant underwear *...................... 36.68 51.00 46.85 44.84
Infant nightwear, loungewear............ 3.19 3.11 4.26 3.52
Infant accessories...................... 3.06 5.15 5.28 4.50
Infant hoisery.......................... 0.41 0.10 NA 0.10
Footwear *................................ 204.13 258.04 243.05 235.07
Men's footwear *........................ 62.95 72.47 73.53 69.65
Boys' footwear *........................ 18.19 29.42 31.65 26.42
Women's footwear *...................... 104.54 128.82 115.47 116.28
Girls' footwear *....................... 18.46 27.33 22.41 22.73
Other apparel products and services....... 259.97 283.91 269.19 271.02
Material for making clothes............. 8.12 9.10 8.58 8.60
Sewing patterns and notions............. 2.15 3.00 2.56 2.57
Watches................................. 21.65 20.45 20.47 20.86
Jewelry................................. 110.35 121.45 108.73 113.51
Shoe repair and other shoe service...... 3.46 4.27 3.47 3.73
Coin-operated apparel laundry and dry
cleaning............................... 34.25 37.63 38.61 36.83
Apparel alteration and repair........... 6.05 6.23 6.02 6.10
Clothing rental......................... 4.77 4.02 3.56 4.12
Watch and jewelry repair................ 5.72 6.94 5.54 6.07
Apparel laundry and dry cleaning not
coin operated.......................... 62.72 69.99 70.94 67.88
Clothing storage........................ 0.75 0.83 0.71 0.76
Transportation................................ 5,140.21 5,235.41 5,232.14 5,202.59
Vehicle purchases (net outlay).............. 2,388.19 2,154.04 2,167.03 2,236.42
Cars and trucks, new...................... 1,391.73 1,072.55 1,095.97 1,186.75
New cars................................ 991.60 749.65 749.56 830.27
New trucks.............................. 400.13 322.90 346.42 356.48
Car and trucks, used...................... 971.12 1,060.67 1,033.39 1,021.73
Used cars............................... 754.27 742.29 737.98 744.85
Used trucks............................. 216.85 318.39 295.42 276.89
Other vehicles............................ 25.34 20.82 37.66 27.94
New motorcycles......................... 5.21 2.87 18.06 8.71
New aircraft............................ 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Used motorcycles........................ 15.86 17.95 9.04 14.28
Used aircraft........................... 4.27 NA 10.57 7.42
Gasoline and motor oil...................... 933.90 998.10 972.68 968.23
Gasoline.................................. 812.03 884.83 868.13 855.00
Diesel fuel............................... 12.01 9.23 9.86 10.37
Gasoline on out-of-town trips............. 96.47 91.98 82.43 90.29
Gasahol *................................. 0.00 NA NA 0.00
[[Page 4091]]
Motor oil................................. 12.55 11.31 11.44 11.77
Motor oil on out-of-town trips............ 0.85 0.74 0.83 0.81
Other vehicle expenses...................... 1,552.56 1,775.67 1,805.62 1,711.28
Vehicle finance charges................... 284.70 280.20 258.96 274.62
Automobile finance charges.............. 196.25 190.05 169.13 185.14
Truck finance charges................... 71.94 75.90 71.72 73.19
Motorcycle and plane finance charges.... 1.67 0.50 1.93 1.37
Other vehicle finance charges........... 14.85 13.76 16.18 14.93
Maintenance and repairs................... 568.66 641.71 627.51 612.63
Coolant, additives, brake, transmission
fluids................................. 7.15 6.94 6.77 6.95
Tires--purchased, replaced, installed... 86.22 85.76 92.70 88.23
Parts, equipment, and accessories *..... 86.80 100.00 75.63 87.48
Vehicle products *...................... 3.92 3.19 3.14 3.42
Misc. auto repair, servicing *.......... 17.18 22.31 20.13 19.87
Body work and painting.................. 34.71 30.35 32.21 32.42
Clutch, transmission repair............. 34.54 35.98 34.71 35.08
Drive shaft and rear-end repair......... 7.58 6.97 7.96 7.50
Brake work.............................. 33.05 42.57 43.87 39.83
Repair to steering or front-end......... 11.64 12.69 15.62 13.32
Repair to engine cooling system......... 22.87 24.02 24.59 23.83
Motor tune-up........................... 40.07 46.97 46.95 44.66
Lube, oil change, and oil filters....... 24.67 33.01 35.54 31.07
Front-end alignment, wheel balance...... 9.30 11.64 12.40 11.11
Shock absorber replacement.............. 6.01 9.13 8.25 7.80
Brake adjustment........................ 4.75 6.83 5.13 5.57
Gas tank repair, replacement *.......... 0.09 1.18 1.60 0.96
Repair tires and other repair work...... 29.23 33.15 33.63 32.00
Exhaust system repair................... 14.55 18.36 18.29 17.07
Electrical system repair................ 20.35 26.00 28.19 24.85
Motor repair, replacement............... 63.53 79.50 73.60 72.21
Auto repair service policy.............. 8.54 5.18 6.60 6.77
Vehicle insurance......................... 515.06 619.68 638.83 591.19
Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, other
charges.................................. 184.14 234.08 280.31 232.84
Leased and rented vehicles.............. 68.54 95.89 125.45 96.63
Rented vehicles....................... NA 33.77 32.93 33.35
Auto rental......................... 44.36 12.42 8.36 21.71
Auto rental, out-of-town trips...... 6.78 15.41 16.16 12.78
Truck rental........................ 12.51 2.10 2.71 5.77
Truck rental, our-of-town trips..... 3.99 2.49 5.20 3.89
Motorcycle rental................... 0.00 NA NA 0.00
Aircraft rental..................... 0.47 0.27 0.24 0.33
Motorcycle rental, out-of-town trips 0.04 0.50 0.07 0.20
Aircraft rental, out-of-town trips.. 0.40 0.58 0.20 0.39
Leased vehicles....................... NA 62.11 92.52 77.32
Car lease payments.................. NA 47.74 69.08 58.41
Cash downpayment (car lease)........ NA 2.12 8.22 5.17
Termination fee (car lease)......... NA 0.16 0.14 0.15
Truck lease payments................ NA 11.01 12.47 11.74
Cash downpayment (truck lease)...... NA 1.09 1.52 1.31
Termination fee (truck lease)....... NA NA 1.08 1.08
State and local registration.......... 67.04 75.17 87.09 76.43
Driver's license...................... 6.59 7.27 7.41 7.09
Vehicle inspection.................... 6.33 8.31 9.03 7.89
Parking fees.......................... 20.50 23.86 23.01 22.46
Parking fees (old).................. NA 1.34 0.00 0.67
Parking fees in home city, excluding
residence.......................... NA 19.97 20.52 20.25
Parking fees, out-of-town trips..... NA 2.54 2.49 2.52
Tolls *............................... 5.96 8.71 10.98 8.55
Tolls on out-of-town trips............ 4.12 4.51 4.18 4.27
Towing charges........................ 5.05 4.89 5.02 4.99
Automobile service clubs.............. NA 5.48 8.14 6.81
Public transportation................... 265.56 307.60 286.82 286.66
Airline fares......................... 176.01 183.39 173.89 177.76
Intercity bus fares................... 14.30 7.84 10.90 11.01
Intracity mass transit fares.......... 41.07 54.01 48.57 47.88
Local trans. on out-of-town trips..... 0.54 3.34 8.74 4.21
Taxi fares on trips................... 4.86 17.17 5.14 9.06
Taxi fares............................ 5.89 6.78 6.46 6.38
Intercity train fares................. 9.04 14.66 17.38 13.69
[[Page 4092]]
Ship fares............................ 13.00 19.63 14.54 15.72
School bus............................ 0.86 0.77 1.21 0.95
Health care............................... 1,282.43 1,563.01 1,653.66 1,499.70
Health insurance........................ 473.36 652.12 727.65 617.71
Commercial health insurance........... 165.28 213.85 232.16 203.76
Blue Cross, Blue Shield............... 116.52 148.51 173.35 146.13
Health maintenance plans (HMO's)...... 48.48 95.76 90.57 78.27
Medicare payments..................... 78.60 101.70 111.33 97.21
Commercial medicare supplements....... 64.48 92.29 120.24 92.34
Medical services........................ 512.73 561.20 546.03 539.99
Physician's services.................. 149.19 179.39 170.75 166.44
Dental services....................... 150.89 179.38 174.32 168.20
Eyecare services...................... 22.70 25.60 29.20 25.83
Nursing, therapy, and misc. medical
services (old)....................... 4.21 0.44 NA 2.33
Service by professionals other than
physician............................ 22.62 29.39 32.66 28.22
Lab tests, x-rays..................... 26.78 25.91 31.35 28.01
Hospital room......................... 54.96 36.47 37.42 42.95
Hospital service other than room...... 26.61 53.30 44.63 41.51
Medical care in retirement community.. NA NA NA NA
Care in convalescent or nursing home.. 40.86 21.05 13.48 25.13
Repair of medical equipment *......... 0.05 NA NA 0.05
Other medical care services........... 13.86 8.07 12.24 11.39
Drugs................................... 225.28 258.20 284.99 256.16
Nonprescription drugs *............... 65.79 73.86 80.16 73.27
Prescription drugs.................... 159.49 184.34 204.83 182.89
Medical supplies........................ 71.06 91.49 94.98 85.84
Eyeglasses and contact lenses......... 45.18 59.02 57.35 53.85
Hearing aids *........................ .0.. 3.50 7.13 3.54
Topicals and dressings *.............. 14.40 21.63 24.32 20.12
Medical equipment for general use..... 5.29 2.32 2.25 3.29
Supportive and convalescent medical
equipment............................ 5.70 3.48 2.85 4.01
Rental of medical equipment........... 0.50 0.35 0.35 .040
Rental of supportive, convalescent
medical equipment.................... NA 1.19 0.74 0.97
Entertainment............................. 1,348.90 1,523.49 1,525.52 1,465.97
Fees and admissions..................... 351.99 384.49 375.11 370.53
Recreation expenses, out-of-town trips 17.85 16.61 15.32 16.59
Club membership dues and fees (old)... 76.68 24.30 NA 50.49
Social, recreation, civic club
membership........................... NA 59.85 85.24 72.55
Fees for participation sports......... 46.90 69.06 61.15 59.04
Participation sports, out-of-town
trips................................ 18.96 20.12 21.17 20.08
Movie, theater, opera, ballet......... 61.08 66.54 64.92 64.18
Movie, other admissions, out-of-town
trips................................ 25.91 19.72 27.20 24.28
Admission to sporting events.......... 19.63 20.69 22.94 21.09
Admission to sports events, out-of-
town trips........................... 25.91 17.42 9.08 17.47
Fees for recreational lessons......... 41.23 53.57 52.76 49.19
Other entertainment services, out-of-
town trips........................... 17.85 16.61 15.32 16.59
Television, radios, sound equipment..... 422.50 476.38 493.86 464.25
Televisions........................... 295.95 328.75 331.31 318.67
Community antenna or cable tv....... 137.94 180.20 188.40 168.85
Black and white tv *................ 2.84 1.81 3.06 2.57
Color tv--console................... 23.60 18.13 21.37 21.03
Color tv--portable, table model..... 43.50 44.32 41.51 43.11
VCR's and video disc players........ 47.70 40.40 31.41 39.84
Video cassettes, tapes, and discs... 13.44 17.60 18.88 16.64
Video game hardware and software.... 14.88 15.04 16.25 15.39
Repair of tv, radio, and sound
equipment.......................... 10.43 10.23 9.60 10.09
Rental of televisions............... 1.61 1.03 0.81 1.15
Radios, sound equipment............... 126.55 147.62 162.55 145.57
Radios *............................ 4.84 10.24 10.71 8.60
Phonographs *....................... 0.53 0.60 0.87 0.67
Tape recorders and players *........ 10.50 5.75 5.32 7.19
Sound components and component
systems............................ 28.64 30.53 35.56 31.58
Miscellaneous sound equipment....... 0.16 0.34 1.68 0.73
Sound equipment accessories *....... 4.29 3.22 4.28 3.93
Compact disc, tape, record and video
mail order clubs................... 4.17 8.04 8.97 7.06
Records, CDs, audio tapes, needles.. 25.86 29.54 31.01 28.80
Rental of VCR, radio, and sound
equipment.......................... 1.59 0.70 0.79 1.03
Musical instruments and accessories. 20.58 16.03 20.45 19.02
Rental and repair of musical
instruments........................ 2.12 2.42 2.11 2.22
[[Page 4093]]
Rental of video cassettes, tapes,
films, and discs................... 23.27 40.22 40.79 34.76
Pets, toys, and playground equipment.... 242.26 286.11 281.46 269.94
Pets.................................. 136.31 168.99 167.12 157.47
Pet food *.......................... 66.61 85.02 84.94 78.86
Pet purchase, supplies, medicine.... 25.23 23.73 24.72 24.56
Pet services........................ 10.64 16.52 13.87 13.68
Vet services........................ 33.84 43.72 43.58 40.38
Toys, games, hobbies, and tricycles... 102.96 112.46 112.38 109.27
Playground equipment.................. 2.98 4.66 1.96 3.20
Other entertainment supplies, equipment,
and services........................... 332.16 376.51 375.10 361.26
Unmotored recreational vehicles....... 24.02 41.05 33.20 23.76
Boat without motor and boat trailers 18.32 3.85 14.72 12.30
Trailer and other attachable campers 5.70 10.20 18.48 11.46
Motorized recreational vehicles....... 137.44 154.19 142.45 144.69
Motorized camper coaches and other
vehicles........................... 38.79 75.13 77.70 63.87
Purchase of boat with motor......... 98.65 79.05 64.75 80.82
Rental of recreational vehicles....... 2.33 3.71 1.90 2.65
Rental noncamper trailer............ 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.05
Boat and trailer, out-of-town trips. 0.94 2.13 0.47 1.18
Rental of campers and other vehicles
on out-of-town trips (old)......... 0.58 NA NA 0.58
Rental of campers on out-of-town
trips.............................. NA 0.17 0.54 0.36
Rental of other vehicles on out-of-
town trips......................... NA 1.09 0.40 0.75
Rental of boat...................... 0.23 0.02 0.05 0.10
Rental of campers, other r.v.'s..... 0.52 0.27 0.39 0.39
Outboard motors....................... 1.28 1.91 2.17 1.79
Docking and landing fees.............. 5.33 4.50 5.77 5.20
Sports, recreation and exercise
equipment............................ 86.67 111.11 102.67 100.15
Athletic gear, game tables, and
exercise equipment................. 34.85 45.33 45.98 42.05
Bicycles............................ 12.28 19.23 16.46 15.99
Camping equipment................... 3.26 4.50 3.77 3.84
Hunting and fishing equipment....... 15.91 20.54 16.92 17.79
Winter sports equipment............. 4.86 5.30 3.19 4.45
Water and miscellaneous sports
equipment.......................... 13.20 14.50 14.68 14.13
Rental and repair of misc. sports
equipment.......................... 2.31 1.70 1.68 1.90
Photographic equipment and supplies... 69.61 81.69 81.66 77.65
Film................................ 19.96 21.01 20.32 20.43
Other photographic supplies *....... 0.64 1.43 0.17 0.75
Film processing..................... 25.21 28.58 27.09 26.96
Repair and rental of photographic
equipment.......................... 0.24 0.55 0.39 0.39
Photographic equipment.............. 15.43 14.65 13.47 14.52
Photographic fees *................. 8.12 15.47 20.23 14.61
Fireworks *........................... 0.51 1.08 0.63 0.74
Souvenirs *........................... 0.44 0.45 1.21 0.70
Visual goods *........................ 0.76 1.09 0.57 0.81
Pinball, electronic video games *..... 3.78 2.72 2.88 3.13
Personal care products and services..... 345.68 418.96 408.21 390.95
Personal care products................ 179.05 228.19 223.41 210.22
Hair care products *................ 40.57 45.03 42.44 42.68
Nonelectric articles for the hair *. 4.26 6.41 5.35 5.34
Wigs and hairpieces................. 1.07 1.77 1.23 1.36
Oral hygiene products, articles *... 18.16 27.93 28.07 24.72
Shaving needs *..................... 8.49 10.65 9.46 9.53
Cosmetics, perfume, bath preparation
*.................................. 77.63 98.28 103.29 93.07
Deodorants, feminine hygiene, misc.
personal care *.................... 23.52 32.28 28.78 28.19
Electric personal care appliances... 5.35 5.85 4.80 5.33
Personal care services................ 166.63 190.77 184.80 180.73
Personal care service for females *. 89.35 103.69 98.60 97.21
Personal care service for males..... 77.12 86.99 86.08 83.40
Repair of personal care appliances.. 0.16 0.09 0.12 0.12
Reading................................. 152.49 168.07 165.57 162.04
Newspapers............................ 63.99 70.41 70.60 68.33
Magazines............................. 38.92 39.74 38.78 39.15
Newsletters *......................... 0.04 0.27 0.67 0.33
Books thru book clubs................. 10.63 12.22 10.56 11.14
Books not thru book clubs............. 35.24 40.22 41.38 38.95
Encyclopedia and other sets of
reference books...................... 3.67 5.21 3.58 4.15
Education............................... 324.43 433.88 423.79 394.03
College tuition....................... 176.75 230.54 237.86 215.05
Elementary and high school tuition.... 53.20 65.77 69.99 62.99
[[Page 4094]]
Other school tuition.................. 15.29 39.08 16.39 23.59
Other school expenses including
rentals.............................. 15.78 17.66 18.40 17.28
School books, supplies, equipment for
college.............................. 26.56 37.22 36.94 33.57
School books, supplies, equipment for
elementary high school............... 6.23 6.41 6.89 6.51
School books, supplies, equipment for
day care, nursery, other............. 2.52 3.11 3.64 3.09
School supplies, etc.--unspecified *.. 28.10 34.10 33.67 31.96
Tobacco products and smoking supplies... 242.33 277.79 278.59 266.24
Cigarettes............................ 224.61 255.97 256.67 245.75
Other tobacco products................ 15.28 18.68 19.51 17.82
Smoking accessories *................. 2.44 3.14 2.41 2.66
Miscellaneous........................... 597.58 877.79 794.63 756.67
Miscellaneous fees, pari-mutuel losses
*.................................... 38.61 48.28 60.93 49.27
Legal fees............................ 104.50 80.65 88.62 91.26
Funeral expenses...................... 49.32 54.07 51.73 51.71
Safe deposit box rental............... 5.69 6.18 5.88 5.92
Checking accounts, other bank service
charges.............................. 25.19 25.63 26.45 25.76
Cemetary lots, vaults, maintenance
fees................................. 17.66 15.42 16.64 16.57
Accounting fees....................... 39.87 46.16 47.58 44.54
Miscellaneous personal services *..... 23.02 32.25 41.90 32.39
Finance charges excluding mortgage and
vehicle.............................. 203.45 253.58 227.00 228.01
Occupational expenses................. 90.26 99.47 109.07 99.60
Expenses for other properties......... NA 207.48 110.86 159.17
Interest paid, home equity line of
credit (other property).............. NA 1.77 0.80 1.29
Credit card memberships............... NA 6.86 7.17 7.02
Cash contributions...................... 730.19 1,040.14 1,020.99 930.44
Cash contributions to non-CU memo.,
incl. stud., alim., and child sup.... 179.06 277.71 240.72 232.50
Gifts of cash, stocks and bonds to non-
CU members........................... 149.99 219.98 249.31 206.43
Contributions to charity.............. 69.16 97.36 105.65 90.72
Contributions to church............... 295.54 407.43 378.37 360.45
Contributions to educational
organizations........................ 17.97 21.71 31.50 23.73
Contributions to political
organizations........................ 7.29 7.64 7.22 7.38
Other contributions................... 11.18 8.31 8.21 9.23
Personal insurance and pensions......... 2,532.36 3,141.56 3,083.40 2,919.11
Life and other personal insurance..... 324.17 353.85 354.24 344.09
Life, endowment, annuity, other
personal insurance................. 312.04 340.55 342.74 331.78
Other nonhealth insurance........... 12.13 13.30 11.50 12.31
Pensions and Social Security.......... 2,208.19 2,787.71 2,729.16 2,575.02
Deductions for government retirement 65.36 80.17 77.00 74.18
Deductions for railroad retirement.. 6.23 4.55 3.03 4.60
Deductions for private pensions..... 156.10 268.34 264.82 229.75
Non-payroll deposit to retirement
plans................................ 297.28 334.61 337.62 323.17
Deductions for Social Security........ 1,683.21 2,100.03 2,046.70 1,943.31
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Data may not be statistically significant.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Appendix 4.--Consumer Expenditure Surveys
[Pre-published Data for All Consumer Units Nationwide *]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$10,000 to $15,000 to $20,000 to $30,000 to $40,000 to $50,000 and
$14,999 $19,999 $29,999 $39,999 $49,999 over
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Income Before Taxes:
1988.......................... $12,320 $17,373 $24,591 $34,375 $44,331 $74,234
1991.......................... 12,430 17,301 24,816 34,402 44,548 79,902
1992.......................... 12,437 17,420 24,560 34,439 44,442 81,602
Average................... 12,396 17,365 24,656 34,405 44,440 78,579
Goods and Services:
1988.......................... 6,597.54 7,756.96 9,611.82 12,243.04 14,412.54 19,712.67
1991.......................... 7,262.65 8,319.82 9,715.90 13,134.61 14,944.06 21,598.60
1992.......................... 6,735.63 8,878.05 10,200.76 12,021.89 15,600.83 20,967.28
Average................... 6,865.27 8,318.28 9,842.83 12,466.51 14,985.81 20,759.52
Food at Home:
1988.......................... 1,809.23 1,954.49 2,174.01 2,556.74 2,906.55 3,109.86
1991.......................... 2,267.82 2,379.01 2,517.57 2,959.22 3,321.94 3,841.29
1992.......................... 2,060.61 2,473.08 2,558.40 2,785.24 3,265.99 3,799.25
Average................... 2,045.89 2,268.86 2,416.66 2,767.07 3,164.83 3,583.47
[[Page 4095]]
Food Away from Home:
1988.......................... 968.10 1,240.03 1,591.02 2,030.75 2,375.06 3,186.24
1991.......................... 945.30 1,084.27 1,316.78 1,803.69 2,316.13 3,113.47
1992.......................... 841.79 1,201.22 1,405.80 1,771.87 2,354.17 3,131.93
Average................... 918.40 1,175.17 1,437.87 1,868.77 2,348.45 3,143.88
Alcohol:
1988.......................... 182.87 235.22 290.56 343.77 352.96 506.47
1991.......................... 140.42 248.53 270.50 389.51 404.39 563.87
1992.......................... 200.85 223.45 324.37 313.65 374.96 590.09
Average................... 174.71 235.73 295.14 348.98 377.44 553.48
Domestic Services:
1988.......................... 82.78 119.28 166.06 275.08 311.41 321.27
1991.......................... 170.38 109.83 174.63 229.79 273.86 469.21
1992.......................... 151.62 129.29 147.99 222.40 398.61 559.53
Average................... 134.93 119.47 161.89 242.42 327.96 450.00
Furnishings & Household
Operations:
1988.......................... 956.43 1,145.52 1,509.87 2,010.78 2,306.76 3,895.22
1991.......................... 1,009.62 1,125.48 1,466.95 2,104.83 2,361.30 3,924.40
1992.......................... 970.65 1,370.53 1,587.26 1,932.32 2,427.52 3,651.88
Average................... 978.90 1,213.84 1,521.36 2,015.98 2,365.19 3,823.83
Clothing:
1988.......................... 886.12 1,085.66 1,406.15 1,847.24 2,396.00 3,154.03
1991.......................... 1,093.80 1,178.28 1,325.86 1,951.82 2,186.30 3,520.50
1992.......................... 889.14 1,093.68 1,563.66 1,603.41 2,267.24 3,394.31
Average................... 956.35 1,119.21 1,431.89 1,800.82 2,283.18 3,356.28
Recreation:
1988.......................... 895.72 969.87 1,333.56 1,695.89 2,224.56 3,435.75
1991.......................... 723.92 980.12 1,270.25 1,908.30 2,058.64 3,485.92
1992.......................... 755.24 1,146.23 1,302.99 1,726.85 2,558.20 3,374.39
Average................... 791.63 1,032.07 1,302.23 1,777.01 2,280.47 3,432.02
Personal Care:
1988.......................... 249.04 282.21 324.70 420.30 478.79 651.43
1991.......................... 288.37 304.89 364.44 450.76 527.30 722.72
1992.......................... 229.68 340.56 376.85 405.19 528.27 702.54
Average................... 255.70 309.22 355.33 425.42 511.45 692.23
Tobacco:
1988.......................... 221.48 250.05 262.82 292.87 249.43 270.28
1991.......................... 257.39 306.61 291.80 323.27 355.15 293.08
1992.......................... 242.99 287.66 296.57 321.75 321.76 300.33
Average................... 240.62 281.44 283.73 312.63 308.78 287.90
Professional Services:
1988.......................... 345.77 474.63 553.17 769.62 811.02 1,182.12
1991.......................... 365.63 602.80 720.12 1,013.42 1,139.05 1,664.14
1992.......................... 393.06 612.35 636.87 939.21 1,104.11 1,463.01
Average................... 368.15 563.26 636.72 907.42 1,018.06 1,436.42
Housing:
1988.......................... 4,455.88 4,682.00 5,835.92 6,974.54 7,990.62 11,502.63
1991.......................... 4,700.82 5,318.86 6,091.15 7,384.48 8,488.72 12,253.50
1992.......................... 5,063.74 5,566.03 6,434.77 7,383.31 9,071.67 12,721.51
Average................... 4,740.15 5,188.96 6,120.61 7,247.44 8,517.00 12,159.21
Transportation:
1988.......................... 3,127.01 3,840.91 5,302.92 6,704.50 7,779.21 9,714.71
1991.......................... 3,130.14 3,362.28 4,700.00 5,872.44 7,226.89 9,442.91
1992.......................... 2,853.92 3,398.88 4,905.01 5,824.45 7,113.95 9,664.47
Average................... 3,037.02 3,534.02 4,969.31 6,133.80 7,373.35 9,607.36
Private Transportation:
1988.......................... 2,949.99 3,657.04 5,020.99 6,314.44 7,333.94 8,884.42
1991.......................... 2,952.36 3,118.89 4,434.71 5,473.96 6,809.12 8,535.49
1992.......................... 2,704.31 3,171.96 4,570.31 5,504.80 6,638.47 8,663.84
Average................... 2,868.89 3,315.96 4,675.34 5,764.40 6,927.18 8,694.58
Air Fares and Other Transportation
Expenses:
1988.......................... 177.02 183.87 281.93 390.06 445.27 830.29
1991.......................... 177.78 243.39 265.29 398.48 417.77 907.42
1992.......................... 149.61 226.92 334.70 319.65 475.46 1,000.63
Average................... 168.14 218.06 293.97 369.40 446.17 912.78
Miscellaneous:
[[Page 4096]]
1988.......................... 2,421.18 3,159.62 3,955.36 5,414.71 7,030.39 10,554.42
1991.......................... 2,831.11 3,165.50 4,318.05 5,771.11 7,086.75 12,656.03
1992.......................... 2,530.29 3,280.40 4,349.33 5,801.25 7,754.49 12,924.24
Average................... 2,594.19 3,201.84 4,207.58 5,662.36 7,290.54 12,044.90
Health Care:
1988.......................... 1,385.50 1,299.71 1,328.49 1,367.25 1,531.77 1,568.44
1991.......................... 1,350.11 1,422.83 1,559.13 1,612.87 1,690.72 2,137.27
1992.......................... 1,409.04 1,652.24 1,647.83 1,711.96 1,953.77 2,262.82
Average................... 1,381.55 1,458.26 1,511.82 1,564.03 1,725.42 1,989.51
Cash Contributions:
1988.......................... 352.83 486.72 529.28 781.16 956.30 2,102.92
1991.......................... 764.72 647.89 728.00 863.26 986.19 2,418.40
1992.......................... 509.71 515.63 688.17 834.21 1,424.12 2,515.30
Average................... 542.42 550.08 648.48 826.21 1,220.20 2,345.54
Personal Insurance:
1988.......................... 682.85 1,373.19 2,097.59 3,266.30 4,542.32 6,883.06
1991.......................... 716.28 1,094.78 2,030.92 3,294.98 4,409.84 8,100.36
1992.......................... 611.54 1,112.53 2,013.33 3,255.08 4,376.60 8,146.12
Average................... 670.22 1,193.50 2,047.28 3,272.12 4,442.92 7,709.85
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Data may not be statistically significant.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Appendix 5.--Item Descriptions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Food at Home:
Ground Beef............................. Price per lb. of regular ground beef. Average size package. Loose,
prepackaged. Do not price lean, ground chuck, or ground round.
Round Steak, boneless................... Price per lb. Average size package.
1st choice: Boneless top round steak.
2nd choice: Boneless bottom round steak.
Round Roast, boneless................... Price per lb. Average size package.
1st choice: Boneless top round roast.
2nd choice: Boneless rolled rump roast.
Pork Chops, bone in..................... Price per lb. Average size package.
1st choice: Center cut, rib chops with bone.
2nd choice: Loin chops with bone.
Bacon, sliced........................... Price for 16 oz. (1 lb.) package Oscar Mayer regular sliced bacon.
Chicken, whole.......................... Price per lb. of 1 whole fryer chicken. If whole fryer not
available, price a whole fryer chicken, cut up.
Fish Filet, frozen...................... Price per lb of frozen ocean whitefish filet.
1st choice: Cod.
2nd choice: Haddock.
Tuna, canned............................ Price for 6.13 oz. can chunk light, packed in water. (Not fancy
style.)
1st choice: Star Kist.
2nd choice: Chicken of the Sea.
Lunch Meat.............................. Price for 8 oz. pkg., Oscar Mayer.
1st. choice: Bologna.
2nd choice: Cotto salami or all-beef bologna.
Ham, canned............................. Price for 3 lb. tin of canned ham.
1st choice: Hormel.
2nd choice: Dubuque.
Do not price Hormel's Supreme Cut ham.
Frankfurters............................ Price for 16 oz. (1 lb.) package, Oscar Mayer all beef
frankfurters.
Eggs, large............................. Price for one dozen.
Fish, fresh............................. Price per lb. of a salmon steak.
Milk, 2%................................ Price for one gallon (128 fluid oz.), 2% store brand.
Cheddar Cheese......................... Price for 10 oz. package.
1st choice: Kraft Cracker Barrel mild cheddar cheese.
2nd choice: Kraft Cracker Barrel sharp yellow cheddar cheese.
Ice Cream............................... Price for \1/2\ gallon of the store brand vanilla ice cream.
Do not price ice milk.
Bread, white............................ Price for 16 oz. loaf of sliced, white bread. Do not price store
brand.
1st choice: Wonder.
2nd choice: A regional brand.
Spaghetti, dry.......................... Price for 16 oz. box or bag of spaghetti.
1st choice: Creamettes.
2nd choice: Muehler's.
3rd choice: Golden Grain.
4th choice: American Beauty.
[[Page 4097]]
Cereal.................................. Price for 20 oz. box of Raisin Bran.
1st choice: Post Raisin Bran.
2nd choice: Kelloggs Raisin Bran.
3rd choice: Cheerios.
Do not price a size significantly different from 20 oz.
Cookies................................. Price for 20 oz. package of Nabisco Oreo Cookies.
Frozen Waffles.......................... Price Kellog's Eggo Waffles, price 12 waffle package.
Do not price a smaller size if a substitute brand is available of
the equivalent size.
Hamburger Buns........................ Price for 12 ox. (340 grams) package of 8 sliced regional brand
enriched white hamburger buns. Do not Price store brand.
1st choice: Wonder.
2nd choice: A regional brand.
Donuts................................ Price for box of 10 donuts weighing approximately 14 oz.
Do not price fresh donuts from in-store bakery.
1st choice: Hostess chocolate-covered donuts.
2nd choice: Some other type of Hostess boxed donuts.
Apples, fresh......................... Price per lb. of apples, loose (not in bag). If only bagged apples
are available, report the weight of the bag.
1st choice: Red delicious apples.
2nd choice: Golden delicious.
Bananas, fresh........................ Price per lb. If bananas are priced by the bunch, report the price
and weight of the bunch-use the store's scale if necessary.
Tomatoes, fresh....................... Price per lb. Price medium-size tomatoes if possible. Do not price
organic or `hydro' fresh tomatoes.
Potatoes.............................. Price of 10 lb. bag of Russet baking potatoes. Do not price loose
potatoes. If 10 lb. bag is not available, substitute nearest size
bag.
Frozen Orange Juice................... Price for 12 fluid oz. (makes 48 fluid oz.) can of Minute Maid
frozen orange juice concentrate.
Tomatoes Juice........................ Price for 46 fluid oz. can of tomato juice.
1st choice: Campbell's.
2nd choice: Libby's.
Peaches, canned....................... Price for 16 oz. can of sliced yellow cling peaches.
1st choice: Del Monte.
2nd choice: Libby's.
Peas, frozen.......................... Price for 16 oz. pkg. of Green Giant frozen peas. Do not price
peas with sauce.
1st choice: Green Giant.
2nd choice: Hanover.
Green Beans, canned................... Price for 16 oz. can of cut green beans.
1st choice: Del Monte.
2nd choice: Green Giant.
Oranges, fresh........................ Price per lb. of loose navel oranges. If only bagged oranges are
available, report the weight of the bag.
1st choice: California navel oranges.
2nd choice: Florida navel oranges.
Lettuce, fresh........................ Price per lb. of iceberg lettuce. If lettuce is sold by the head,
report the price and the weight of an average head and try to
find equivalent size heads at each store.
Celery, fresh......................... Price per lb. for celery. Do not price celery hearts. If celery is
only sold by the bunch, report the price and weight of an average
bunch, and try to find equivalent size bunches at each store.
Fruit Drink........................... Price for 46 fluid oz. can.
1st choice: Hawaiian Punch.
2nd choice: HI-C, regular.
Soft Drink............................ Price of 2 L (liter) plastic bottle.
1st choice: Coca-Cola.
2nd choice: Pepsi.
Coffee, ground........................ Price for 13 oz. can of ground coffee.
1st choice: Folger's Drip Grind.
2nd choice: Maxwell House.
Canned Soup........................... Price for one can Campbell's soup.
1st choice: Vegetable 10\1/2\ oz.
2nd choice: Chicken Noodle 10\3/4\ oz.
Snack Food.............................. Price for 6 oz. bag or box of potato chips.
1st choice: Ruffles.
2nd choice: Lays Dip Chips.
Salt.................................... Price for 26 oz. box of iodized salt.
1st choice: Morton.
2nd choice: Ivory.
3rd choice: Private Label.
Ketchup................................. Price for 28 oz. plastic squeeze bottle of ketchup.
1st choice: Heinz.
2nd choice: Del Monte.
Cooking Oil............................. Price for 48 fluid oz. bottle.
1st choice: Crisco.
2nd choice: Wesson.
Margarine............................... Price for 1 lb., four sticks.
1st choice: Blue Bonnet.
[[Page 4098]]
2nd choice: Parkay.
Frozen Dinner........................... Price for 11.5 oz. (326 grams) Swanson-Turkey, whipped potatoes,
peas, and fruit compote, frozen dinner.
Jello Gelatin........................... Price for 3 oz. box of Jello Gelatin dessert.
Baby Food............................... Price for one 4.0 oz. jar of Gerber Second Foods strained
vegetable or fruit.
Candy Bar............................... Price for one regular size candy bar. Do not price king-size or
multipack candy bars.
1st choice: 2.07 oz. Snickers.
2nd choice: 1.55 oz. Hersheys.
Sugar, granulated....................... Price for 5 lb. bag of granulated cane or beet sugar. Do not price
generic sugar.
1st choice: Nonstore brand.
2nd choice: Store brand.
Bottled Water........................... Price for one gallon (store brand) (128 fluid oz.) bottled spring
water. Do not price sparkling or distilled water.
Food Away from Home:
Breakfast............................... Price for breakfast consisting of 2 strips of bacon or 2 sausages,
2 eggs, toast, and coffee or juice. Report percentages added for
tax, tip and service charge.
Lunch................................... Price for lunch consisting of a cheeseburger platter with fries
and small soft drink. Report percentages added for tax, tip and
service charge.
One personal-size cheese pizza (or one slice of cheese pizza). Do
not price salad or drink. Include gratuity.
Dinner.................................. Price for a dinner consisting of a New York strip, small side dish
(e.g., rice or potato), side salad or salad bar, and coffee. Meal
should not include dessert. Report percentages added for tax, tip
and service charge.
One medium cheese pizza with regular crust (not thin or extra
thick) and no extra toppings. Do not price salad or drink.
Include gratuity.
Fast Food Lunch/Diner................... Price of a meal at a fast food establishment. Price for a Big Mac
or Whopper, medium french fries and medium coke. Price a combo
meal, if a suitable one is offered.
Ice Cream Cone.......................... Price for regular (one scoop) vanilla ice cream cone.
Tobacco:
Cigarettes, king size................... Price for 1 carton (200 cigarettes) of Winston filter kings soft
pack. Do not include sales tax.
Alcohol:
Beer at Home............................ Price for a six-pack of 12 oz. cans of Budweiser (Puerto Rico--10
oz). Do not price refrigerated beer.
Wine at Home............................ Price for 750 ml. of Gallo white Chablis blanc.
Beer Away............................... Price for glass of Budweiser/Miller Lite beer. List percent for
tax.
Wine Away............................... Price of house white wine. List percent for tax.
Furnishings, Households Operations:
Appliance Repair........................ Price to replace digital clock and heating probe for Maytag oven
Model #CRE9400ACL, Serial #1000100HB, Series #10. Include hourly
rate, trip charge and parts cost.
Housekeeping Services................... Price per hour for biweekly cleaning. House approximately 2,000
sq. ft. Family size four. Please complete items in the Comment
Section. Services include the following:
Bathroom(s)--Sanitize walls, floor, counter tops, bathtub, stool
Kitchen--Sanitize walls, floor, counter tops, cabinets, appliances
Living Room & Dining Room--Dust, polish furniture and vacuum
Bedrooms--Dust, polish furniture and vacuum.
If other services are included, please note.
Moving.................................. Price per hour for a within-city move, two men with enclosed van.
Include any van rental fees.
Toilet Tissue........................... Price for a 4 roll pack.
1st choice: Cottonelle.
2nd choice: Northern.
Pen..................................... Price for 10 pack Bic round stick medium pen.
Postage................................. Price for First Class postage for a letter.
Laundry Soap............................ Price for 100 fluid oz. of liquid household laundry detergent.
1st choice: Tide.
2nd choice: Cheer.
Plant Food.............................. Price for 8 oz. container of indoor plant food.
1st choice: Miracle Grow.
2nd choice: Peters.
Bed Sheet Set........................... Price for one set queen-size no-iron cotton & polyester percale
sheets (180 thread count). One set consists of one fitted sheet,
one flat sheet and two pillowcases. Do not price designer sheet
sets. Price sheet sets with minimum design.
Bath Towel.............................. Price for a 2750 inch Cannon Portofino bath towel made of 100%
cotton.
Living Room Chair....................... Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included.
Bedroom Group........................... Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included.
Dining Room Table....................... Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included.
Washing Machine......................... Price for large capacity washing machine with 4 water
temperatures, 8 wash cycles, 4 water levels, white porcelain tub,
self-clean lint filter, fabric softener dispenser and 2 speed
combinations.
1st choice: Maytag Model #LAT9604.
2nd choice: General Electric Model #WWA8600.
3rd choice: Whirlpool Model #LLR6233B.
Kitchen Range........................... Price for 30-inch electric range with upswept cooktop, removable
coil elements, electronic clock with timer, oven light, delay-
start cook control, storage drawer, self-cleaning oven with two
oven racks and a porcelain enamel broiler pan.
1st choice: Maytag Model #CRE9400.
[[Page 4099]]
2nd choice: General Electric Model #JBP55GS.
3rd choice: Whirlpool Model #RF385PXYW.
Refrigerator............................ Price for no-frost top-mount 21 cubit ft. refrigerator with
reversible doors and energy saver switch, 4 split glass shelves,
sealed/moisture controlled crisper drawers, and double wall meat
drawer. Door contains covered compartments and adjustable bins.
Freezer has adjustable wire shelves, door bins and ice trays. Do
not price models with ice cube makers, chilled water dispensers,
or other extras.
1st choice: Maytag Model #RTD2100CAE.
2nd choice: General Electric Model #TBX22PAS.
3rd choice: Whirlpool Model #ET22PKXB.
Vacuum.................................. Price for upright vacuum cleaner with 6.5 amps, 120 volts, six
above-the-floor attachments, height adjustment, regular bag and
20-foot cord.
1st choice: Ereka Model #9334AT.
2nd choice: Hoover model #U4671-930.
Two-Slice Toaster Price for two-slice toaster, chrome body, wide slot with pastry
defrost setting.
1st choice: Proctor-Silex Model #T620B.
2nd choice: Black Decker Model #T200.
Casserole Dish Set Price for Corning-Ware trio casserole set with 1 qt., 1.5 qt., and
2 qt. dishes and 3 covers (two plastic covers and one glass).
China................................... Price for the Corelle Impressions line Abundance pattern tableware
set. Set consists of 20 pieces: 4 dinner plates, 4 luncheon
plates, 4 bowls, 4 cups, and 4 saucers. The pattern is beige with
a fruit and flower motif.
Electric Drill.......................... Price for 6.0 volt reversible cordless electric drill with
overnight recharge.
1st choice: Black & Decker Model #CD2000.
2nd choice: Skil Model #2305
Red Roses, fresh cut Price for one dozen long stemmed, fresh cut red roses.
Hammer.................................. Price for Stanley curved claw hammer with a 16 oz. head, wood
handle, high carbon steel head, black finish. Overall length 13
\1/4\''. Do not price hammers with nonwooden handle or hammers
typically used by carpenters or cabinet makes.
1st choice: Model #51616.
2nd choice: Model #51416.
Window Shade............................ Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included, if charged.
Toilet Lid Cover Price for Cannon Portofino standard toilet lid cove made of 100%
nylon.
Snow Blower............................. Price for a Honda Model H5825 (or this year's equivalent) 8 HP two-
stage gas snow thrower with rubber tracks and hydrostatic
transmission.
Clothing:
Man's Suit.............................. Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included, if charged.
Man's Jeans............................. Price of straight leg regular fit jeans. Do not price bleached
jeans.
1st choice: Levi's #505.
2nd choice: Lee regular fit.
Man's Dress Shirt Price for white or solid color, long sleeve, button cuff, plain
collar dress shirt, approximately 35% cotton, 65% polyester. A
dress shirt will have exact collar and sleeve sizes. Example:
15\1/2\ collar, 34 sleeve.
Possible brands: Arrow, Van Heusen.
Man's Parka............................. Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included, if charged.
Boy's Jeans............................. Price of loose fit jeans (size 8-14).
1st choice: Levi's #560.
2nd choice: Lee loose fit.
Boy's Shirt............................. Price for screen-printed T-shirt commonly worn by boys age 8
through 10 years (size 7-14). Pullover with crew neck, short
sleeves and polyester/cotton blend.
Possible brand: Ocean Pacific.
Man's Insulated Underwear............... Price for white light weight, crew neck thermal underwear top of
cotton and polyester.
Possible brands: J. E. Morgan, Hanes.
Woman's Dress........................... Price for misses mid-sleeve shirt waist dress appropriate for
office attire. Exclude any unusual ornamentation. The dress
should be unlined and 100% rayon.
Possible brands: Stewart Allen, Lesley Fay.
Woman's Blouse.......................... Price of 100% polyester, white, long sleeve, button front, blouse
with minimum trim.
Possible brands: Wrapper, Girls, Girls, Girls.
Woman's Slacks.......................... Price for misses unlined slacks appropriate for office attire. The
slacks should be a blend of cotton and polyester without a belt.
Possible brands: Donnkenny, Alfred Dunner.
Woman's Sweater......................... Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included, if charged.
Woman's Coat............................ Use catalog descriptions and stock numbers. Note that shipping is
to be included, if charged.
Woman's Accessories..................... Price for split-grain, cowhide leather, checkbook clutch wallet.
Possible brands: Michael Stevens, Mundi.
Girl's Dress............................ Price of cotton blend long-sleeve appropriate for school. Exclude
extra ornamentation. For girls ages 8 through 10 (size 7-14).
Possible brand: Carter's.
Girl's Jeans............................ Price of Levi's #550 jean. For girls ages 8 through 10 years (size
7-14).
Girl's Blouse........................... Price of cotton blend, white or solid color, long sleeve, button
front blouse. For girls ages 8 through 10 years, (size 7-14).
Possible brand: This Side Up.
Infant's Sleeper........................ Price for one-piece sleeping garment with legs, covering the body
including the feet.
[[Page 4100]]
Possible brands: Gerber, Playskool.
Disposable Diaper....................... Price for 40 count package Pampers, (child 12-18 lbs.).
Do not price larger size diapers.
Man's Boots............................. Price for 8 inch waterproof, insulated leather boot with cambrelle
lining.
Possible brands: Timberland, Hermam.
Woman's Boots........................... Price for calf height boot with pile or fleece lining, urethane
upper, side zipper, broad-based one-inch heel, and non-skid
traction sole.
Possible brand: Naturalizer.
Jewelry................................. Price for one pair 6mm 14K gold ball earrings for pierced ears.
Coin Laundry............................ Price for one load of laundry using a regular size, top loading
commercial washing machine. Do not include cost of drying.
Dry Clean Man's Suit.................... Price to dry clean a man's 2-piece business suit of typical
fabric.
Domestic Service:
Day-Care................................ Price for one month of day-care for a three-year-old child (5 days
a week, about 8 hours per day). If monthly rate is not available,
price per week.
Babysitter, per hour.................... Average hourly rate for one child, age four years, evening, before
midnight. (Teenager in your home.) Do not price babysitting
service. Special Instructions: If typical for your area, you may
wish to obtain quotes from friends/acquaintances in your area who
use teenage babysitters.
Professional Services:
Legal Services.......................... Hourly rate for general counsel.
Accounting Services..................... Hourly rate for individual tax work (not business). Price rate for
Federal 1040 tax form service with typical itemized deductions.
Personal Care:
Woman's Cut and Styled Blow Dry......... ``Regular service'' price for a woman's cut and styled blow dry.
Include wash. No curling iron if extra charge.
Man's Haircut........................... Price of a man's typical haircut. Do not include wash.
Lipstick................................ Price for one tube of Revlon lipstick.
1st choice: Super Lustrous.
2nd choice: Moondrops.
Shampoo................................. Price for 15 fluid oz. bottle of Revlon Flex shampoo for normal
hair.
Recreation:
Bowling................................. Price for 1 game of open (or nonleague) bowling on Saturday night.
Exclude cost of shoe rental.
Movie Theater........................... Typical adult price for regular length, currently release, evening
film. Report weekend evening price if different from weekday.
Health Club............................. Price for regular individual membership for 1 year for existing
member. Do not include any initial fees assessed only to new
members. If yearly rate is not available, price per month.
Piano Lessons........................... Price for private lessons for a beginner one-half hour in length.
Downhill Skiing......................... Price for one lift ticket on Saturday.
Roller Skating.......................... Price for one session of open skating on Saturday night.
Include the cost of skate rental.
Video Rental............................ Price to rent one video tape of recently released movie, Saturday
night (1 day) rate. Nonmember fee.
Video Recorder.......................... Price for VCR with 4 video heads, double azimuth, unified TV/VCR
remote, one-year eight event timer, auto tracking, LED display,
and HI-FI stereo.
1st choice: Zenith Model #VRM4120
2nd choice: Sony Model #SLV720HF
Compact Disc............................ Regular price for a current best-selling CD. Not sale price. Do
not price double CD. Please record title in comment section.
Example: VS, by Pearl Jam, Purple by Stone Temple Pilots.
Compact Disc Player..................... Price 5 disc CD player with rotary changer system, 10 key access,
32 track programming, 8 times oversampling, and a remote.
1st choice: Sony Model #CDPC545
2nd choice: Panasonic-Technics Model #SLPD867
Color Television........................ Price for 20'' table model color TV with a remote, auto channel
search, closed captions, sleep timer, on-screen channel/time and
menus, channel flashback, and 181 channel tuning.
1st choice: Zenith Model #SM52049.
2nd choice: Sony Model #KV20TS29.
Basic Cable Service..................... Price for one month of basic cable channel TV. Record the number
of channels offered. If basic service provides 12 or fewer
channels, price the next level of service. Do not include hookup
charges or premium (e.g., ``movie'') channels.
Veterinary Services..................... Typical fee for general office visit for a heartworm test for a
small dog. Include the cost of the office visit.
Pet Food................................ Price for 5.5 oz. can of cat food.
1st choice: Purina.
2nd choice: 9 Lives.
Film Developing......................... Price to process and print 35 millimeter, 24 exposure, 100 ASA
color. Single prints only please.
Camera Film............................. Price for 35 millimeter, 24 exposure, 100 ASA Kodak camera film.
Tennis Balls............................ Price for can of three heavy-duty felt, yellow, tennis balls.
1st choice: Wilson.
2nd choice: Penn.
Board Game.............................. Price for Monopoly board game by Parker Brothers. Do not price
deluxe edition.
All-Terrain Vehicle..................... Price for Honda 300EX, 2-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle.
Book.................................... Price for top ten best selling paperback book.
Magazine................................ Price for a single copy of Time magazine.
[[Page 4101]]
Local Newspaper......................... Price for one year of the most common daily paper (including
Sunday edition) distributed in the area. Report the name of the
newspaper in the comment section.
Miscellaneous Expense Component:
Pain Reliever........................... Price for 60 tablets of extra-strength Tylenol. Do not price
caplets or gelcaps.
Tetracycline, prescription.............. Price of 40 capsules of generic tetracycline, 250 milligram
strength.
Optometrist, office visit............... Typical fee for visual analysis including tonometry, refraction
and glaucoma screening.
Dentist, clean and check teeth.......... Charge for x-rays, exam and prophylaxis (light scaling and
polishing) or ``cleaning of teeth'' without special treatment of
gums or teeth. Do not price initial visit.
Doctor, office visit.................... Typical fee, after the initial visit, for an office visit when
medical advice or simple treatment is needed. Do not include the
charge for a regular physical examination, injections, medication
or lab tests (routine brief visit).
Price general practitioner, do not price specialist.
Hospital Room........................... Daily charge for a private room. Include food and routine care.
Exclude cost of operating room, surgery, medicine and lab fees.
Housing-Related Component:
Bathroom Caulking....................... Price a 5.5 ounce plastic tube of latex white bathroom caulking.
Do not price caulking gun cartridge.
1st choice: DAP Kwik Seal Tube & Tile.
2nd choice: An equivalent size and quality caulk.
Computation of Electric Bill............ Average monthly consumption:
Customer service charge (single phase service):
Cost for first KWH:
Cost for over first KWH:
Other items included on bill:
Comments:
Computation of Gas Bill................. Average monthly consumption:
Customer service charge:
Cost for first Cu. Ft.:
Cost for over first Cu. Ft.:
Other items included on bill:
Comments:
Computation of Water Bill............... Average monthly consumption:
Customer service charge:
Cost for first ______ Gallons:
Cost for over ______ Gallons:
Other items included on bill:
Comments:
Electrical Outlet....................... Price of a 2-plug grounded electrical outlet. Price blister pack
or cardboard mounted (individually packaged). Do not price loose
electric outlet.
1st choice: GE.
2nd choice: Levitron.
Electrical Work......................... Price of labor to add circuit breaker for dishwasher. Cut \3/4\-
inch hole in wooden floor cable. Connect dishwasher directly to
power box (power box is easy to reach). Exclude cost of
materials.
Fire Extinguisher....................... Please price a fire extinguisher with a UL rating of 10BC, 2.5
pound size.
1st choice: Kidde.
2nd choice: An equivalent size and quality 10BC fire extinguisher.
Interior Painting....................... Price of labor to paint 12' 14' living room with 8' ceilings.
Walls are plaster or drywall in good repair. Two standard sized
sash windows, one picture window, one standard wood door. Rooms
have simple wood baseboards and trim. Existing paint is latex,
flat white, smooth finish, about three years old. Trim paint is
latex, white, gloss enamel, about three years old. Walls and trim
require no surface preparation. Obtain labor rate per hour, flat
charge if any, and estimated time to complete job. Assume job
takes 8 hours. Exclude cost of materials.
Latex Interior Paint.................... Please price one gallon white, interior flat latex paint. Price a
national brand with one coat coverage.
1st choice: Dutch Boy.
2nd choice: Glidden.
Pest Control............................ Price for basic pest control maintenance (one visit to control
crawling insects, not wood eating), based on the inside of a
1,200 sq. ft. single story home. Price followup maintenance only,
not the initial application.
Unclog Drain............................ Price of labor to unclog kitchen sink drain by mechanical means
(snake, auger, etc.). Only include pipe removal to access trap if
necessary. Assume clog is in the plumbing inside the house, not
in the yard. Exclude cost of material, if any.
Kitchen Faucet.......................... Price a Peerless single control chrome-plated faucet with spray.
Faucet is solid brass and stainless steel quality construction
with copper waterways, washerless design and triple chrome
plating. Warrantied for as long as the home is owned.
Real Estate Taxes....................... Call the local tax assessor office and/or local tax collector/
treasurer for each living community in the report. Request the
current real property tax rate, any special charges that are
added to the tax bill and any homestead credits that might be
deducted from the bill. Ask when properties were last assessed
and what base year tax rate should be applied to. Request
information as to what month rates are certified and when bills
are mailed. Verify any significant increases or decreases from
previous records.
Long Distance Telephone................. Price the cost of a 10-minute call using AT&T, received on a
weekday, at each location at 8:00 p.m. (local time); direct dial
from the location being surveyed to each of the following cities:
New York, Chicago and Los Angeles. Include any federal, state,
local or excise tax that is applicable.
Telephone Service....................... Obtain monthly cost for unmeasured service, for touchtone service,
and for tax.
[[Page 4102]]
Homeowner Insurance..................... For each community surveyed, secure the annual renewal premium for
HO-2 type coverage. If the company does not refer to the coverage
as HO-2, obtain the cost of a comprehensive coverage that covers
``all risk for dwelling and named peril for contents'' with
contents at replacement value.
Renter Insurance........................ For each living community surveyed, provide renter housing profile
and insurance cost (semiannual or other). Assume HO-4-type
coverage.
Homeowners:
The profiles for each of the home sizes
costed are as follows:
Low................................. 900 (Sq. Ft.)
Mid................................. 1,300 (Sq. Ft.)
High................................ 1,700 (Sq. Ft.)
The worksheet components for data
collection are as follows:
(1) Address
(2) Selling Price
(3) Sale Date
(4) Age
(5) Room Count (broken down into
bedrooms and baths)
(6) Square Footage
(7) Price Per Square Foot
Information was collected through
various sources--Real Estate
Professionals, Appraisers, MLS data,
assessors' offices and private sources.
Data Collection for Aged Mortgages:
The worksheet components for data
collection for aged mortgages are as
follows:
(1) Address
(2) Selling Price
(3) Sale Date
(4) Age
(5) Room Count (broken down into
bedrooms and baths)
(6) Square Footage
(7) Price Per Square Foot
Transportation Component:
Vehicles................................ 1995 Honda Civic DX four door sedan, 1.5 Liter 4 Cylinder.
1995 Ford Taurus GL four door sedan, 3.0 Liter 6 Cylinder.
1995 Chevrolet S10 Blazer Two Door, four wheel drive, 4.3 Liter 6
Cylinder.
Base Price.............................. Obtain the base price (Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price) for
each vehicle.
Options................................. For each vehicle, price the following options: air conditioning,
AM/FM stereo radio, power steering, tinted glass, power disc
brakes, rustproofing, heavy duty battery (Alaska only), and
engine block heater (Alaska only).
Fees.................................... For each vehicle, price the following options: destination charge,
shipping charge, dealer markup, documentation fees and other one-
time fees.
Taxes................................... For each vehicle, price the following taxes: excise tax, import/
customs tax, use tax, sales tax and other one-time taxes.
Specifications.......................... For each vehicle, obtain the following information: length,
wheelbase, tires, curb weight, horsepower, fuel type and fuel
performance (mpg).
Depreciation............................ For each vehicle, compute the residual value after 12, 24, 36 and
48 months respectively.
Gasoline................................ For each station name/brand, price regular unleaded self-service
in the Washington, DC area surveys and full service in the Alaska
area surveys.
Tuneup.................................. For each vehicle, price a basic tuneup. Include parts and labor
for the following: replace spark plugs, PCV valve, fuel filter,
air filter, and breather filter. Check distributor cap, rotor,
timing, and idle.
Oil Change.............................. For each vehicle, price an oil change. Include parts and labor for
the following: drain old oil, replace oil filter and refill with
five quarts of 10W30 SG grade oil. If SG grade is unavailable,
price SF grade oil.
Change Automatic Transmission Fluid..... For each vehicle, price to change automatic transmission fluid.
Include parts and labor for the following: remove transmission
pan, drain transmission fluid, replace transmission filter,
replace transmission pan gasket, replace transmission fluid, and
test vehicle.
Coolant Flush and Fill.................. For each vehicle, price to flush and fill engine coolant. Include
parts and labor for the following: remove old coolant, flush
contaminants, and replace with new coolant.
Muffler System.......................... For each vehicle, price a complete muffler system for a 3-year-old
vehicle. Include parts and labor for the following: install all
parts after the catalytic converter. These parts include mid
pipes, clamps, muffler, and tail pipes.
CVJ Boot Replacement.................... For each vehicle, price the replacement of all four constant
velocity joint (CVJ) boots on the front of the vehicle, for a 3-
year-old vehicle.
Miscellaneous Tax....................... For each vehicle, price miscellaneous tax. Tell how rate is
determined, give formula for new vehicle purchase, give formula
for subsequent year (2 to 5) and explain billing.
[[Page 4103]]
Regular Tires........................... Price for a Black Side Wall (BSW) P175/70R13 tire for the Honda
Civic, a BSW P205/65R15 for the Ford Taurus L, and a BSW P205/
75R15 for the Chevrolet S10 Blazer in DC area. In Alaska, same
tire sizes, but Goodyear brand not always available due to
limited outlet selection. If suggested brand tires are not
available, price comparable brand tire. Tire retailer should
provide comparable tire, given the suggested tire brands and
models.
Suggested brands: Goodyear Invictia GL (Honda, Ford), Goodyear
Wrangler AT (Chevrolet).
Comparable brands: Michelin LX1 (Honda), Michelin XW4 (Ford),
Michelin XCHF (Chevrolet), B.F. Goodrich Touring TA (Honda,
Ford), B.F. Goodrich Radial TA (Chevrolet).
Studded Snow Tires...................... Price for a studded snow tire. Price for a P175/70R13 tire for the
Honda Civic (Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau); a P205/65R15 for
the Ford Taurus L (Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau); and a P205/
75R15 for the Chevrolet S10 Blazer (Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau
and Nome). If suggested brand tires are not available, price
comparable brand tire. Tire retailer should provide comparable
tire, given the suggested tire brands and models.
Suggested brands: Goodyear Ultra Grip.
License and Registration................ For each vehicle, price title fee, passenger vehicle registration
fees, plate fees, inspection fees, administration/clerical/other
fees and local added fees. Specify if one-time or annual. List
any exceptions if the Blazer is not registered as a passenger
vehicle.
Automobile Finance...................... Obtain the rate for a four-year loan based on a down payment of 20
percent. Assume the loan applicant is a current bank customer who
will make payments by cash/check and not by automatic deduction
from the account.
Automobile Insurance.................... For each vehicle, price insurance coverage identified below.
Assume the vehicles are used in commuting 15 miles/day, 12,000
miles/year and that the driver is a 35-year-old married male with
no accidents or violations in the last five years. When there is
a geographic difference, obtain rates for two different living
communities. Include related expense fees taxes.
Bodily Injury: $100,000/$300,000
Property Damage: $25,000
Medical $15,000 or Personal Injury Protection: $50,000
Uninsured Motorist: $100/$300,000
Comprehensive: $100 Deductible
Collision: $250 Deductible
Round-Trip Airfare...................... Price for lowest cost round trip ticket to Los Angeles, CA.
Disregard restrictions.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 6.--Pricing Changes
[Goods and Services/Miscellaneous Expense/Housing Related]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previous Current Reason
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Cheddar Cheese:
Per pound................... 10 oz. package.... New packaging.
2. Ice Cream:
Half gallon of Sealtest Half gallon of Specific brand not
vanilla ice cream. store brand available in all
vanilla ice cream. areas.
3. Cereal:
18 oz. box of Kellogg's Corn 20 oz. box of Item change per
Flakes. Raisin Bran. OPM request.
4. Donuts:
12 glazed................... 10 chocolate Discontinued.
covered.
5. Potatoes:
10 lb. bag of white potatoes 10 lb. bag of More specific
Russet baking item.
potatoes.
6. Pizza Lunch:
Not surveyed................ One personal-size New item per OPM
cheese pizza (or request.
one slice of
cheese pizza).
7. Pizza Dinner:
Not surveyed................ One medium cheese New item per OPM
pizza with request.
regular crust
(not thin or
extra thick) and
no extra toppings.
8. Appliance Repair:
Price to replace oven Price to replace More comparable
thermostat control for digital clock and item.
Maytag Model #CRE9400. heating probe for
Include hourly rate, trip Maytag Model
charge, and parts cost. #CRE9400 ACL,
Part Number #7430P010-60. Serial
#1000100HB,
Series #10.
Include hourly
rate, trip charge
and parts cost.
9. Washing Machine:
3 wash cycles............... 8 wash cycles..... Better
description.
Maytag #LAT7793............. Maytag #LAT9604... New model number.
General Electric #WWA7600R.. General Electric New model number.
#WWA8600.
Whirlpool #LLR6233A......... Whirlpool New model number.
#LLR6233B.
10. Kitchen Range:
General Electric #JBP5565... General Electric Model number
#JBP55GS. clarification.
11. Refrigerator:
Whirlpool #ET22RKXZ......... Whirlpool New model number.
#ET22PKXB.
12. Vacuum:
Hoover #U4671-910........... Hoover #U4671-930. New model number.
[[Page 4104]]
13. Snow Blower:
Price for 8 HP two-stage gas Price for a Honda, More specific
snow thrower with rubber Model H5825 (or item.
tracks, 6 forward, 2 its this year's
reverse speeds and equivalent) 8 HP
adjustable snow chute. two-stage gas
snow thrower with
rubber tracks and
hydrostatic
transmission.
14. Girl's Jeans:
Price of Levi's #902 basic Price of Levi's Discontinued.
relaxed taper jean, two #550.
back pockets and two front
pockets.
15. Disposable Diapers:
44 count.................... 40 count.......... Product marketing
change.
16. Video Recorder:
Zenith #VRL4110............. Zenith #VRM4120... New model number.
Sony #SLV700HF.............. Sony #SLV720HF.... New model number.
17. Compact Disc:...............
``Janet'' by Janet Jackson.. ``VS.'' by Pearl Current
Jam. bestselling
titles.
``Unplugged'' by Rod Steward ``Purple'' by
Stone Temple
Pilots.
18. Compact Disc Player:
Sony #CDPC535............... Sony #CDPC545..... New model number.
Panasonic-Technics #SLPD847. Panasonic-Technics New model number.
#SLPS867.
19. Color Television:
Zenith #SLS2049............. Zenith #SMS2049... New model number.
20. Bathroom Caulking:
Price an 8 ounce tube of Price a 5.5 ounce New size and more
specific white bathroom plastic tube of description.
caulking, most popular latex white
brand. bathroom
caulking. (Not a
caulk gun
cartridge.)
Suggested brand:
DAP KWIK SEAL Tub
and Tile.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 7.--Nonforeign Area Cost-of-Living Allowances Price Survey
Data Collection Procedures
Survey Description
The following information will be provided to the participants
verbally or in writing. Participants who are familiar with the
program and the survey may be provided with less information as
appropriate.
Purpose
The Federal Government pays cost-of-living allowances (COLA) in
Alaska, Hawaii, and certain U.S. territories and possessions. Living
cost differences are determined by comparing costs of goods,
services, housing, transportation, and other items in the allowance
area with the cost of the same or similar items and services in the
Washington DC area. The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is
responsible for the operation of the COLA program.
Data Collection
OPM, or its representative, conducts annual Price Surveys to
determine living cost differences. Local governments, retail
outlets, realty firms, and businesses providing professional and
other services to be surveyed are identified through the use of
full-scale Background Surveys, conducted approximately once every
five years. Participation in the Price Surveys is voluntary. Data
are collected by telephone and/or personal interview.
Wherever practical and appropriate, the price of each good or
service is obtained from at least three outlets in each allowance
area and at least six outlets in the reference area (i.e., the
Washington, DC, area). Realty data may be obtained from one or
multiple sources, as appropriate.
Release of Information
The price data collected from participating firms may be made
available to Congress or to the general public upon request. This
includes the name of the company and prices of items or services
surveyed. The names of proprietors, managers, or other individuals
who provide price information generally will not be made public.
However, the Government may release the names of individuals who, on
the basis of their expertise, provide opinions or estimates.
Public Burden Information
Public burden reporting for this collection of information is
estimated to vary from 1 to 20 minutes per response. Send comments
regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection
of information, including suggestion for reducing this burden to
Reports and Forms Management Officer, U.S. Office of Personnel
Management, 1900 E Street, NW., Room CHP 500, Washington, DC 20415;
and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction
Project (3206-0199), Washington, DC 20503.
Nonforeign Area Cost-of-Living Allowances Price Survey Data Collection
Procedures
Interview Guidelines
Three types of information are collected in price surveys: price
of goods and services, rental rates and related information, and
home prices and related information. The following are the typical
interview questions used to collect these data.
Price Information Collection
1. What is the regular (non-sale) price of
____________________________________ (a specific item or service)?
Examples of items include, but are not limited to:
Chuck Roast, Bone In.
Price per pound. Average size package (e.g., not a `family' or
`bonus' pack).
lst Choice: Arm pot roast.
2nd Choice: Eye roast.
Peas, Frozen.
Price for 10 ounce package.
lst Choice: Bird's Eye.
2nd Choice: Major brand of equivalent quality.
Men's Jeans.
Price for one pair of blue jeans.
1st Choice: Levi's #501 jeans.
2nd Choice: Equivalent quality jeans.
Automobile, New.
`Sticker' price of current year model Honda Civic, DX, four door
sedan, 1.5 liter, four cylinder engine. (Price options, fees,
financing, and taxes separately.)
Example of services include, but are not limited to:
Woman's Haircut and Styling.
`Regular service' price for a woman's cut and styled blow dry.
Include wash, but do not include use of curling iron if there is an
extra charge.
Unclog Drain.
Price to unclog kitchen drain by mechanical means (snake, auger,
etc.). Only include pipe removal if necessary to access trap.
Film Developing.
[[Page 4105]]
Price to process and print 35 millimeter, 24 exposure, 100 ASA
color roll film. Single prints only, standard size and finish.
Doctor, Office Visit.
Typical fee, after the initial visit, for an office visit when
medical advice or simple treatment is all that is needed. Do not
include the charge for a complete physical examination, injections,
medication, laboratory tests, or similar services.
Oil Change.
Price of a regular oil change including oil and filter for a
current year model Honda Civic DX sedan, 1.5 liter, 4 cylinder
engine.
2. Prices of many of the items can be obtained ``off-the-shelf''
without assistance. Occasionally, when a specific item is not
available, assistance from sales or other personnel may be required
to identify and price substitution items of comparable quality and
quantity.
3. Prices of most services are obtained by telephone or personal
interview. A few services are priced with little or no assistance.
For example, prices may be obtainable from a displayed price
schedule, list, or menu.
Housing Component--Rental Information Collection
1. Describe the location, size, layout, number and types of
rooms, and square footage or your rental units.
2. Are they apartments, duplexes, town houses, detached houses,
or other types of units? Describe.
3. Are there additional amenities (e.g., pool, sauna, tennis
courts, gym)? If so, describe.
4. What is the monthly rent? What is the amount of the security
deposit (if any)? What other kinds of fees or assessments are there?
5. Are utilities included? Which ones? If you can, please
provide information on average monthly or annual costs of utilities
paid by tenants.
6. Are term leases usually required? What are the conditions and
penalties associated with the lease?
7. Are there any special restrictions or other factors we should
know about (e.g., seasonal tourist trade)?
Housing Component--Information Collection for Comparable Sales
1. Describe the location, size, layout, number and types of
rooms, and square footage of some of your recent home sales.
2. Were they condominiums, duplexes, town houses, detached
houses, or other types of dwellings? Describe.
3. Were there any atypical characteristics (e.g., extra large
lot sizes, beach front, desirable/undesirable locations)?
4. Are there additional amenities provided by the developer,
homeowners association, or similar community group (e.g., pool,
sauna, tennis courts, gym)? If so, describe facilities and charges.
5. What was the selling price and date of sale?
6. What are the real estate taxes?
7. Do you have any data on utilities relating to these homes?
8. In the past year or so, what has been the average
appreciation rate of property in this community? Looking back over
the past six years, has this rate changed? How?
9. Describe current market conditions (e.g., soft, booming, so-
so). How has this affected housing prices? Describe the housing
market over the past six years.
10. Are there any special considerations or other factors we
should know about (e.g., retirement/tourist trade) that might affect
the housing market in this community?
BILLING CODE 6325-01-M
[[Page 4106]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMMITTED] TN02FE96.005
[[Page 4107]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMMITTED] TN02FE96.006
[[Page 4108]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMMITTED] TN02FE96.007
[[Page 4109]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMMITTED] TN02FE96.008
BILLING CODE 6325-01-C
[[Page 4110]]
Nonforeign Area Cost-of-Living Allowances Background Survey Data
Collection Procedures
Survey Description
The following information will be provided to the participants
verbally or in writing. Participants who are familiar with the
program and the survey may be provided with less information as
appropriate.
Purpose
The Federal Government pays cost-of-living allowances (COLA) in
Alaska, Hawaii, and certain U.S. territories and possessions. Living
cost differences are determined by comparing costs of goods,
services, housing, transportation, and other items in the allowance
area with the cost of the same or similar items and services in the
Washington, DC, area. The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
is responsible for the operation of the COLA program. OPM, or its
representative, conducts annual surveys to determine living cost
differences. OPM conducts full-scale Background Surveys
approximately once every five years to review the appropriateness of
items, services, and businesses covered in the annual Price surveys.
Elements of the Background Survey may be repeated annually on a
limited basis as part of the maintenance of and preparation for the
annual Price Surveys.
OPM uses the Background Survey to identify the services, items,
quantities, outlets, and locations that will be surveyed to collect
living cost data within the allowance areas and the Washington, DC,
area. The Background Survey also is used to collect information on
local trade practices, consumer buying patterns, taxes and fees, and
other economic characteristics related to living costs.
Data Collection
Full-scale Background Surveys are conducted approximately once
every five years. OPM identifies major manufacturers, local
governments, retail outlets, realty firms, and businesses providing
professional services to be surveyed on the basis of business volume
and local prominence. Participation is voluntary. Data are collected
by telephone and/or personal interview.
Confidentiality
All data collected are used only for the purposes described
above. The Government pledges to hold all micro or ``raw'' data
collected in confidence. Names of participating businesses and
institutions may be released. Names of individuals are not released.
Summary data will be made available to the public only to the extent
that micro data cannot be associated with data sources.
Public Burden Information
Public burden reporting for this collection of information is
estimated to vary from 5 minutes to 30 minutes per response. Send
comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this
collection of information, including suggestion for reducing this
burden to Reports and Forms Management Officer, U.S. Office of
Personnel Management, 1900 E Street NW., Room CHP 500, Washington,
DC 20415; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork
Reduction Project (3206-0199), Washington, DC 20503.
Nonforeign Area Cost-of-Living Allowances Background Survey Data
Collection Procedures
Interview Guidelines
Seven types of information are collected in background surveys.
Information is collected on products and services, outlet
availability and usage, transportation, local taxes and fees,
mortgage, real estate, and other topics related to the measurement
of living costs (e.g., specialized information from local chambers
of commerce, colleges, and universities). The following are the
typical interview questions used to collect these data.
Product or Service Information
1. As a major manufacturer/supplier of
____________________________________ (a specific product or service,
e.g., women's apparel), please identify your items/services that are
most popular (e.g., your `volume sellers').
2. Which of these items are apt to be readily available in the
following geographic locations: Alaska (i.e., Anchorage, Fairbanks,
and Juneau); Hawaii; Guam; Puerto Rico; the Virgin Islands; and
Washington, DC, and suburbs?
3. If the items or services are not universally available, are
there other items or services that are of similar function, quality,
quantity, size, and type that can be substituted?
4. Is there anything else we should know about your product or
service? Are there recommendations you wish to make that would help
us in our data collection?
Outlet Availability and Usage (Retail)
1. What is your product or service? What is the address(es) of
your establishment(s)? If you have multiple locations, which
locations have the greatest sales volumes (i.e., are most utilized
by consumers)?
2. What are your store/office hours? Do these vary by location?
3. Is your full line of products or services available at all
locations?
4. Is there anything else we should know about your outlet(s) or
recommendations you wish to make?
Transportation Information--Private and Public Services
1. What type of transportation services do you provide (e.g.,
taxi, bus, subway)?
2. What geographic areas do you service? Which routes are
`typical' or most heavily utilized?
3. What is your rate structure? Does it vary by time of day or
season?
4. Is there anything else we should know about transportation
usage and services in your area? Are there recommendations you wish
to make about our data collection?
Transportation Information--Private Use and Maintenance
1. What types of driving are most common in your area? What is
the annual distance driven?
2. What types of roads and highways are common in your area?
What are the road surfaces and conditions?
3. Are there unusual climatic or other factors that affect the
fuel economy, maintenance, and depreciation of vehicles?
4. Is there anything else we should know about private
transportation usage and maintenance in your area? Are there
suggestions or recommendations you wish to make?
Local Taxes and Fees
1. What types of taxes, licenses, or fees does your State,
territory, or local jurisdiction levy on real estate; personal
property; sales (including sales of property); automobiles;
utilities; or other goods, services, or transactions?
2. Who levies these taxes, licenses or fees (i.e., State,
territory, county, city, other jurisdiction)?
3. What are the rates or schedules for these? How often and when
are they levied? Do the rates/schedules vary by location, season, or
other factors?
4. Is there anything else we should know about taxes and fees in
your area? Are there suggestions or recommendations you wish to
make?
Mortgage Information
1. What forms of home financing are most common in
____________________________________ (the allowance area or
Washington DC metropolitan area)? (Do not include second mortgages.)
2. What are the typical conditions and limitations on loans?
3. What is the typical amount(s) of down payment required? What
are the terms and rates?
4. Are there special subsidies or other practices that influence
home financing in your area?
5. Looking back six years, what types of changes have occurred
that affect home financing?
6. Is there anything else we should know about home financing in
your area? Are there suggestions or recommendations you wish to make
that would help us in our data collection?
Real Estate Information
1. What is the availability of housing in
____________________________________ (the allowance area or
Washington DC metropolitan area)? Of principal interest is housing
for typical salary and wage earners (as distinguished from retirees,
tourists, or other special groups) for persons with low, moderate,
and high incomes.
2. Describe the communities within your area in which persons
____________________________________ (specify occupation/income
characteristics) typically live. If appropriate, identify separate
communities for renters and home owners. Where are these communities
located relative to the major Federal activities in the area?
3. Describe the type of housing (e.g., apartment, condominium,
town house, detached house).
[[Page 4111]]
4. For each type of housing, what are the usual number of rooms,
bedrooms, baths, total square footage, lot size, type of
construction, and similar characteristics?
5. What types of utilities are available and typically used in
these communities: sewer, water, natural gas, electricity, other?
6. Are there any unusual factors that might affect maintenance
requirements in your area?
7. Looking back 6 years, describe the changes that significantly
affected the housing market (both rental and owner markets).
8. Is there anything else we should know about the housing
market in your area? Are there suggestions or recommendations you
wish to make concerning our data collection?
Other Types of Information
Occasionally, it is necessary to collect information from
colleges, universities, chambers of commerce, trade associations,
and other groups on specific subjects relating to the analysis of
living costs. For example, a university known to be involved in home
energy research may be contacted to determine whether there are
consumption data by region or allowance area that could have
application in the COLA program.
When such data are collected, the purpose and basic structure of
the interview will follow the patterns shown above. The substance,
however, will vary with the subject matter.
BILLING CODE 6325-01-M
[[Page 4112]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMMITTED] TN02FE96.009
BILLING CODE 6325-01-C
[[Page 4113]]
Appendix 8.--Consumption Goods and Services Analysis
[Location: Anchorage, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Food At Home.............................................. 111.65 26.40 29.48 23.49 26.23 20.65 23.05
2. Food Away From Home....................................... 106.62 14.42 15.38 14.73 15.71 15.04 16.03
3. Tobacco................................................... 86.98 3.15 2.74 2.59 2.25 2.05 1.78
4. Alcohol................................................... 121.20 2.77 3.35 2.73 3.31 2.69 3.26
5. Furnishings & Household Operations........................ 96.07 14.71 14.13 15.79 15.17 16.85 16.18
6. Clothing.................................................. 99.33 13.97 13.88 14.65 14.55 15.30 15.20
7. Domestic Services......................................... 92.05 1.76 1.62 1.90 1.75 2.04 1.87
8. Professional Services..................................... 114.23 6.48 7.40 6.65 7.60 6.82 7.80
9. Personal Care............................................. 105.43 3.62 3.82 3.52 3.72 3.43 3.62
10. Recreation............................................... 103.41 12.72 13.16 13.94 14.42 15.14 15.66
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 104.96 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 104.71 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 104.45
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consumption Goods and Services Analysis
[Location: Fairbanks, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Food At Home.............................................. 115.65 26.40 30.54 23.49 27.17 20.65 23.88
2. Food Away From Home....................................... 109.66 14.42 15.81 14.73 16.16 15.04 16.49
3. Tobacco................................................... 88.55 3.15 2.79 2.59 2.30 2.05 1.81
4. Alcohol................................................... 115.61 2.77 3.20 2.73 3.15 2.69 3.11
5. Furnishings & Household Operations........................ 106.03 14.71 15.59 15.79 16.74 16.85 17.86
6. Clothing.................................................. 103.74 13.97 14.50 14.65 15.19 15.30 15.88
7. Domestic Services......................................... 87.26 1.76 1.53 1.90 1.66 2.04 1.78
8. Professional Services..................................... 103.80 6.48 6.72 6.65 6.91 6.82 7.08
9. Personal Care............................................. 107.81 3.62 3.91 3.52 3.80 3.43 3.70
10. Recreation............................................... 108.49 12.72 13.80 13.94 15.13 15.14 16.43
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 108.39 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 108.21 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 108.02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consumption Goods and Services Analysis
[Location: Juneau, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Food At Home.............................................. 123.19 26.40 32.53 23.49 28.94 20.65 25.43
2. Food Away From Home....................................... 116.57 14.42 16.81 14.73 17.17 15.04 17.53
3. Tobacco................................................... 85.25 3.15 2.68 2.59 2.21 2.05 1.75
4. Alcohol................................................... 127.96 2.77 3.54 2.73 3.49 2.69 3.44
5. Furnishings & Household Operations........................ 104.56 14.71 15.38 15.79 16.51 16.85 17.61
6. Clothing.................................................. 107.88 13.97 15.07 14.65 15.80 15.30 16.51
7. Domestic Services......................................... 90.98 1.76 1.60 1.90 1.73 2.04 1.85
8. Professional Services..................................... 95.03 6.48 6.16 6.65 6.32 6.82 6.49
9. Personal Care............................................. 125.02 3.62 4.53 3.52 4.41 3.43 4.29
10. Recreation............................................... 98.72 12.72 12.56 13.94 13.77 15.14 14.95
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 110.86 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 110.35 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 109.85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4114]]
Consumption Goods and Services Analysis
[Location: Nome, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Food At Home.............................................. 154.45 26.40 40.78 23.49 36.29 20.65 31.89
2. Food Away From Home....................................... 140.54 14.42 20.27 14.73 20.70 15.04 21.13
3. Tobacco................................................... 94.48 3.15 2.97 2.59 2.45 2.05 1.94
4. Alcohol................................................... 162.60 2.77 4.50 2.73 4.44 2.69 4.37
5. Furnishings & Household Operations........................ 126.58 14.71 18.62 15.79 19.98 16.85 21.32
6. Clothing.................................................. 113.86 13.97 15.91 14.65 16.68 15.30 17.42
7. Domestic Services......................................... 108.02 1.76 1.90 1.90 2.05 2.04 2.20
8. Professional Services..................................... 103.62 6.48 6.71 6.65 6.89 6.82 7.07
9. Personal Care............................................. 102.94 3.62 3.73 3.52 3.63 3.43 3.53
10. Recreation............................................... 126.58 12.72 16.11 13.94 17.65 15.14 19.16
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 131.50 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 130.76 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 130.03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 9.--OPM Living Community List
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Middle High
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington, DC DC:
Homeowner........................ Southeast DC........... Northeast DC........... Northwest DC.*
Renter........................... Southeast DC........... Northeast DC........... Northwest DC.*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Northwest DC excludes Georgetown, but includes Dupont Circle, Cleveland Part, and Adams Morgan.
================================================================================================================
Washington, DC MD:
Homeowner........................ Capitol Heights/ Gaithersburg/Silver Rockville.
Suitland. Spring.
Renter........................... Capitol Heights/ Hyattsville/College Rockville.
Suitland. Park.
Washington, DC VA:
Homeowner........................ Woodbridge/Dale City... Springfield............ Alexandria.
Renter........................... Woodbridge/Dale City... Alexandria............. Arlington.
Anchorage, AK:
Homeowner........................ North Anchorage........ North Anchorage........ South Ancohorage.*
Renter........................... North Anchorage........ North Anchorage........ South Anchorage.*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The line between North and South Anchorage is set by Tudor Road.
================================================================================================================
Fairbanks, AK:
Homeowner........................ Fairbanks.............. Fairbanks.............. Fairbanks.
Renter........................... Fairbanks.............. Fairbanks.............. Fairbanks.
Juneau, AK:
Homeowner........................ Juneau/Mendenhall...... Juneau/Mendenhall...... Juneau/Mendenhall.
Renter........................... Juneau/Mendenhall...... Juneau/Mendenhall...... Juneau/Mendenhall.
Nome, AK:
Homeowner........................ Nome................... Nome................... Nome.
Renter........................... Nome................... Nome................... Nome.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 10.--Historical Home Market Values and Interest Rates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest rate
Area Year (percent) Income level Market value Annual P&I*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anchorage, AK................ 1985 10.875 Lower............ $95,004 $8,600
.............. .............. Middle........... 124,840 11,300
.............. .............. Upper............ 156,302 14,148
1986 10.000 Lower............ 87,974 7,412
.............. .............. Middle........... 116,993 9,856
.............. .............. Upper............ 143,284 12,071
1987 9.375 Lower............ 81,024 6,470
.............. .............. Middle........... 109,147 8,715
.............. .............. Upper............ 130,227 10,398
1988 10.500 Lower............ 74,218 6,517
.............. .............. Middle........... 101,300 8,896
.............. .............. Upper............ 117,190 10,291
[[Page 4115]]
1989 11.125 Lower............ 67,538 6,236
.............. .............. Middle........... 93,454 8,629
.............. .............. Upper............ 112,532 10,390
1990 10.250 Lower............ 60,784 5,229
.............. .............. Middle........... 87,071 7,490
.............. .............. Upper............ 114,783 9,874
1992 9.000 Lower............ 65,700 5,075
.............. .............. Middle........... 96,200 7,431
.............. .............. Upper............ 139,400 10,768
1993 8.125 Lower............ 70,902 5,054
.............. .............. Middle........... 99,073 7,062
.............. .............. Upper............ 130,815 9,324
1994 7,625 Lower............ 72,216 4,907
.............. .............. Middle........... 99,099 6,734
.............. .............. Upper............ 124,780 8,479
1995 8.625 Lower............ 83,286 6,219
.............. .............. Middle........... 102,089 7,623
.............. .............. Upper............ 134,580 10,049
Fairbanks, AK................ 1985 10.875 Lower............ 86,124 7,796
.............. .............. Middle........... 107,493 9,730
.............. .............. Upper............ 148,566 13,448
1986 10.000 Lower............ 78,982 6,654
.............. .............. Middle........... 102,726 8,654
.............. .............. Upper............ 140,199 11,811
1987 9.375 Lower............ 71,839 5,736
.............. .............. Middle........... 97,958 7,822
.............. .............. Upper............ 131,833 10,527
1988 10.500 Lower............ 64,696 5,681
.............. .............. Middle........... 93,191 8,184
.............. .............. Upper............ 123,467 10,842
1989 11.125 Lower............ 57,553 5,314
.............. .............. Middle........... 88,424 8,164
.............. .............. Upper............ 115,101 10,627
1990 10.250 Lower............ 50,604 4,353
.............. .............. Middle........... 83,619 7,193
.............. .............. Upper............ 107,143 9,217
1992 9.000 Lower............ 70,851 5,473
.............. .............. Middle........... 101,400 7,833
.............. .............. Upper............ 137,000 10,582
1993 8.125 Lower............ 69,498 4,954
.............. .............. Middle........... 101,478 7,233
.............. .............. Upper............ 115,787 8,253
1994 7.625 Lower............ 76,302 5,185
.............. .............. Middle........... 112,580 7,650
.............. .............. Upper............ 127,829 8,686
1995 8.708 Lower............ 68,940 5,187
.............. .............. Middle........... 84,240 6,338
.............. .............. Upper............ 108,426 8,157
Juneau, AK................... 1985 10.875 Lower............ 97,228 8,801
.............. .............. Middle........... 112,929 10,222
.............. .............. Upper............ 132,687 12,010
1986 10.000 Lower............ 90,811 7,651
.............. .............. Middle........... 107,283 9,038
.............. .............. Upper............ 127,114 10,709
1987 9.375 Lower............ 83,909 6,700
.............. .............. Middle........... 100,846 8,052
.............. .............. Upper............ 120,885 9,652
1988 10.500 Lower............ 76,441 6,713
.............. .............. Middle........... 93,787 8,236
.............. .............. Upper............ 113,874 10,000
1989 11.125 Lower............ 68,797 6,352
.............. .............. Middle........... 86,284 7,967
.............. .............. Upper............ 106,131 9,799
1990 10.250 Lower............ 78,429 6,747
.............. .............. Middle........... 99,227 8,536
.............. .............. Upper............ 123,324 10,609
1992 9.000 Lower............ 89,470 6,911
.............. .............. Middle........... 114,400 8,837
.............. .............. Upper............ 146,300 11,301
1993 8.125 Lower............ 87,570 6,242
.............. .............. Middle........... 115,518 8,234
[[Page 4116]]
.............. .............. Upper............ 134,232 9,568
1994 7.625 Lower............ 92,826 6,307
.............. .............. Middle........... 117,364 7,975
.............. .............. Upper............ 140,760 9,564
1995 8.625 Lower............ 102,879 7,682
.............. .............. Middle........... 138,723 10,358
.............. .............. Upper............ 163,812 12,231
Nome, AK..................... 1985 10.875 Lower............ 86,836 7,860
.............. .............. Middle........... 114,834 10,394
.............. .............. Upper............ 138,156 12,506
1986 10.00 Lower............ 84,057 7,082
.............. .............. Middle........... 111,159 9,365
.............. .............. Upper............ 133,735 11,267
1987 9.375 Lower............ 81,367 6,497
.............. .............. Middle........... 107,602 8,592
.............. .............. Upper............ 129,445 10,337
1988 10.500 Lower............ 78,763 6,917
.............. .............. Middle........... 104,159 9,147
.............. .............. Upper............ 125,312 11,004
1989 11.125 Lower............ 76,243 7,040
.............. .............. Middle........... 100,826 9,309
.............. .............. Upper............ 121,302 11,200
1990 10.250 Lower............ 73,803 6,349
.............. .............. Middle........... 97,600 8,396
.............. .............. Upper............ 117,420 10,101
1992 9.000 Lower............ 71,100 5,492
.............. .............. Middle........... 97,500 7,531
.............. .............. Upper............ 122,400 9,455
1993 8.125 Lower............ 56,453 4,024
.............. .............. Middle........... 77,415 5,518
.............. .............. Upper............ 97,186 6,927
1994 7.625 Lower............ 82,365 5,597
.............. .............. Middle........... 112,948 7,675
.............. .............. Upper............ 141,794 9,635
1995 8.625 Lower............ 81,711 6,101
.............. .............. Middle........... 118,027 8,813
.............. .............. Upper............ 154,343 11,524
Washington, DC (DC).......... 1985 10.250 Lower............ 58,996 5,075
.............. .............. Middle........... 90,194 7,759
.............. .............. Upper............ 160,600 13,816
1986 10.250 Lower............ 64,778 5,573
.............. .............. Middle........... 99,213 8,535
.............. .............. Upper............ 173,448 14,921
1987 10.205 Lower............ 70,543 6,069
.............. .............. Middle........... 113,015 9,722
.............. .............. Upper............ 187,324 16,115
1988 10.500 Lower............ 76,327 6,703
.............. .............. Middle........... 126,817 11,136
.............. .............. Upper............ 202,310 17,766
1989 9.625 Lower............ 82,128 6,702
.............. .............. Middle........... 140,619 11,474
.............. .............. Upper............ 218,495 17,829
1990 9.875 Lower............ 87,877 7,326
.............. .............. Middle........... 140,974 11,752
.............. .............. Upper............ 235,975 19,671
1992 9.250 Lower............ 92,007 7,266
.............. .............. Middle........... 147,600 11,657
.............. .............. Upper............ 247,100 19,515
1993 8.125 Lower............ 88,083 6,279
.............. .............. Middle........... 115,960 8,266
.............. .............. Upper............ 250,512 17,856
1994 7.625 Lower............ 91,431 6,213
.............. .............. Middle........... 104,572 7,105
.............. .............. Upper............ 302,073 20,525
1995 8.646 Lower............ 79,326 5,934
.............. .............. Middle........... 105,196 7,870
.............. .............. Upper............ 326,995 24,463
Washington, DC (MD).......... 1985 10.250 Lower............ 54,572 4,695
.............. .............. Middle........... 84,505 7,270
.............. .............. Upper............ 100,545 8,649
1986 10.250 Lower............ 60,029 5,164
[[Page 4117]]
.............. .............. Middle........... 92,955 7,997
.............. .............. Upper............ 110,600 9,514
1987 10.125 Lower............ 66,032 5,622
.............. .............. Middle........... 102,250 8,705
.............. .............. Upper............ 121,660 10,358
1988 10.375 Lower............ 73,295 6,371
.............. .............. Middle........... 113,498 9,865
.............. .............. Upper............ 135,043 11,738
1989 10.000 Lower............ 81,357 6,854
.............. .............. Middle........... 125,983 10,614
.............. .............. Upper............ 149,898 12,628
1990 9.875 Lower............ 89,493 7,460
.............. .............. Middle........... 138,581 11,552
.............. .............. Upper............ 164,888 13,745
1992 8.750 Lower............ 96,115 7,259
.............. .............. Middle........... 148,836 11,241
.............. .............. Upper............ 172,555 13,032
1993 8.250 Lower............ 104,832 7,561
.............. .............. Middle........... 125,723 9,067
.............. .............. Upper............ 211,667 15,266
1994 7.500 Lower............ 90,279 6,060
.............. .............. Middle........... 121,527 8,157
.............. .............. Upper............ 208,777 14,014
1995 8.542 Lower............ 89,532 6,634
.............. .............. Middle........... 150,449 11,149
.............. .............. Upper............ 205,683 15,241
Washington, DC (VA).......... 1985 10.250 Lower............ 65,608 5,644
.............. .............. Middle........... 74,031 6,369
.............. .............. Upper............ 122,748 10,559
1986 10.250 Lower............ 70,857 6,096
.............. .............. Middle........... 79,954 6,878
.............. .............. Upper............ 132,568 11,404
1987 10.125 Lower............ 76,526 6,515
.............. .............. Middle........... 86,350 7,351
.............. .............. Upper............ 143,173 12,189
1988 10.500 Lower............ 83,413 7,325
.............. .............. Middle........... 94,122 8,265
.............. .............. Upper............ 156,059 13,704
1989 9.500 Lower............ 90,086 7,272
.............. .............. Middle........... 101,652 8,206
.............. .............. Upper............ 168,544 13,605
1990 10.000 Lower............ 97,293 8,197
.............. .............. Middle........... 109,784 9,249
.............. .............. Upper............ 182,028 15,335
1992 9.000 Lower............ 107,100 8,273
.............. .............. Middle........... 120,900 9,339
.............. .............. Upper............ 190,400 14,707
1993 8.125 Lower............ 95,184 6,785
.............. .............. Middle........... 125,047 8,913
.............. .............. Upper............ 182,325 12,996
1994 7.750 Lower............ 95,247 6,551
.............. .............. Middle........... 126,763 8,718
.............. .............. Upper............ 181,492 12,482
1995 8.604 Lower............ 103,266 7,696
.............. .............. Middle........... 166,673 12,421
.............. .............. Upper............ 216,274 16,118
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Principal and interest assumes 80% financing.
Appendix 11.--Historical Housing Data
[Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower Middle Upper
Year Weights amounts Subtotal amounts Subtotal amounts Subtotal
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anchorage:
1985.................... 6.31 $8,600 542.66 $11,300 713.03 $14,148 892.74
1986.................... 6.77 7,412 501.79 9,856 667.25 12,071 817.21
1987.................... 8.19 6,470 529.89 8,715 713.76 10,398 851.60
1988.................... 7.03 6,517 458.15 8,896 625.39 10,291 723.46
1989.................... 7.72 6,236 481.42 8,629 666.16 10,390 802.11
[[Page 4118]]
1990.................... 8.32 5,229 435.05 7,490 623.17 9,874 821.52
1992.................... 10.08 5,075 511.56 7,431 749.04 10,768 1,085.41
1993.................... 12.92 5,054 652.98 7,062 912.41 9,324 1,204.66
1994.................... 13.78 4,907 676.18 6,734 927.95 8,479 1,168.41
1995.................... 18.88 6,219 1,174.15 7,623 1,439.22 10,049 1,897.25
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................ 100.00 .......... 5,964 .......... 8,037 .......... 10,264
===================================================================================
Fairbanks:
1985.................... 6.31 $7,796 491.93 $9,730 613.96 $13,448 848.57
1986.................... 6.77 6,654 450.48 8,654 585.88 11,811 799.60
1987.................... 8.19 5,736 469.78 7,822 640.62 10,527 862.16
1988.................... 7.03 5,681 399.37 8,184 575.34 10,842 762.19
1989.................... 7.72 5,314 410.24 8,164 630.26 10,627 820.40
1990.................... 8.32 4,353 362.17 7,193 598.46 9,217 766.85
1992.................... 10.08 5,473 551.68 7,833 789.57 10,582 1,066.67
1993.................... 12.92 4,954 640.06 7,233 934.50 8,253 1,066.29
1994.................... 13.78 5,185 714.49 7,650 1,054.17 8,686 1,196.93
1995.................... 18.88 5,187 979.31 6,338 1,196.61 8,157 1,540.04
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................ 100.00 .......... 5,470 .......... 7,619 .......... 9,730
===================================================================================
Juneau:
1985.................... 6.31 $8,801 555.34 $10,222 645.01 $12,010 757.83
1986.................... 6.77 7,651 517.97 9,038 611.87 10,709 725.00
1987.................... 8.19 6,700 548.73 8,052 659.46 9,652 790.50
1988.................... 7.03 6,713 471.92 8,236 578.99 10,000 703.00
1989.................... 7.72 6,352 490.37 7,967 615.05 9,799 756.48
1990.................... 8.32 6,747 561.35 8,536 710.20 10,609 822.67
1992.................... 10.08 6,911 696.63 8,837 890.77 11,301 1,139.14
1993.................... 12.92 6,242 806.47 8,234 1,063.83 9,568 1,236.19
1994.................... 13.78 6,307 869.10 7,975 1,098.96 9,564 1,317.92
1995.................... 18.88 7,682 1,450.36 10,358 1,955.59 12,231 2,309.21
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................ 100.00 .......... 6,968 .......... 8,830 .......... 10,618
===================================================================================
Nome:
1985.................... 6.31 $7,860 495.97 $10,394 655.86 $12,506 789.13
1986.................... 6.77 7,082 479.45 9,365 634.01 11,267 762.78
1987.................... 8.19 6,497 532.10 8,592 703.68 10,337 846.60
1988.................... 7.03 6,917 486.27 9,147 643.03 11,004 773.58
1989.................... 7.72 7,040 543.49 9,309 718.65 11,200 864.64
1990.................... 8.32 6,349 528.24 8,396 698.55 10,101 840.40
1992.................... 10.08 5,492 553.59 7,531 759.12 9,455 953.06
1993.................... 12.92 4,024 519.90 5,518 712.93 6,927 894.97
1994.................... 13.78 5,597 771.27 7,675 1,057.62 9,635 1,327.70
1995.................... 18.88 6,101 1,151.87 8,813 1,663.89 11,524 2,175.73
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................ 100.00 .......... 6,062 .......... 8,247 .......... 10,229
===================================================================================
DC-DC:
1985.................... 6.31 $5,075 320.23 $7,759 489.59 $13,816 871.79
1986.................... 6.77 5,573 377.29 8,535 577.82 14,921 1,010.15
1987.................... 8.19 6,069 497.05 9,722 796.23 16,115 1,319.82
1988.................... 7.03 6,703 471.22 11,136 782.86 17,766 1,248.95
1989.................... 7.72 6,702 517.39 11,474 885.79 17,829 1,376.40
1990.................... 8.32 7,326 609.52 11,752 977.77 19,671 1,636.63
1992.................... 10.08 7,266 732.41 11,657 1,175.03 19,515 1,967.11
1993.................... 12.92 6,279 811.25 8,266 1,067.97 17,856 2,307.00
1994.................... 13.78 6,213 856.15 7,105 979.07 20,525 2,828.35
1995.................... 18.88 5,934 1,120.34 7,870 1,485.86 24,463 4,618.61
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................ 100.00 .......... 6,313 .......... 9,218 .......... 19,185
===================================================================================
DC-MD:
1985.................... 6.31 $4,695 296.25 $7,270 458.74 $8,649 545.75
1986.................... 6.77 5,164 349.60 7,997 541.40 9,514 644.10
1987.................... 8.19 5,622 460.44 8,705 712.94 10,358 848.32
1988.................... 7.03 6,371 447.88 9,865 693.51 11,738 825.18
1989.................... 7.72 6,854 529.13 10,614 819.40 12,628 974.88
[[Page 4119]]
1990.................... 8.32 7,460 620.67 11,552 961.13 13,745 1,143.58
1992.................... 10.08 7,259 731.71 11,241 1,133.09 13,032 1,313.63
1993.................... 12.92 7,561 976.88 9,067 1,171.46 15,266 1,972.37
1994.................... 13.78 6,060 835.07 8,157 1,124.03 14,014 1,931.13
1995.................... 18.88 6,634 1,252.50 11,149 2,104.93 15,241 2,877.50
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................ 100.00 .......... 6,500 .......... 9,721 .......... 13,076
===================================================================================
DC-VA:
1985.................... 6.31 $5,644 356.14 $6,369 401.88 $10,559 666.27
1986.................... 6.77 6,096 412.70 6,878 465.64 11,404 772.05
1987.................... 8.19 6,515 533.58 7,351 602.05 12,189 998.28
1988.................... 7.03 7,325 514.95 8,265 581.03 13,704 963.39
1989.................... 7.72 7,272 561.40 8,206 633.50 13,605 1,050.31
1990.................... 8.32 8,197 681.99 9,249 769.52 15,335 1,275.87
1992.................... 10.08 8,273 833.92 9,339 941.37 14,707 1,482.47
1993.................... 12.92 6,785 876.62 8,913 1,151.56 12,996 1,679.08
1994.................... 13.78 6,551 902.73 8,718 1,201.34 12,482 1,720.02
1995.................... 18.88 7,696 1,453.00 12,421 2,345.08 16,118 3,043.08
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................ 100.00 .......... 7,127 .......... 9,093 .......... 13,651
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 12.--Summary of Rental Analyses
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 Data medians
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B&NB Non-Brkr Broker
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change Change Change
# $ (percent) # $ (percent) # $ (percent)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anchorage:
Low.............................................. 117 594 4.0 111 575 6.3 6 613 2.2
Middle........................................... 176 688 -0.6 170 663 -1.0 6 713 0.0
High............................................. 133 1,100 4.9 121 ,1000 0.2 12 1,200 9.1
Fairbanks:
Low.............................................. 112 527 5.0 105 520 5.3 7 533 4.7
Middle........................................... 144 700 10.6 137 650 3.2 7 750 18.1
High............................................. 183 927 9.1 169 875 7.8 14 978 10.3
Juneau:
Low.............................................. 32 694 1.8 26 700 -0.4 6 688 4.2
Middle........................................... 51 863 0.5 45 900 2.4 6 825 -1.6
High............................................. 47 1175 6.9 35 1,200 5.7 12 1,150 8.2
Nome:
Low.............................................. 12 663 -2.1 4 650 -5.8 8 675 1.8
Middle........................................... 18 825 -2.6 10 800 -4.1 8 850 -1.2
High............................................. 8 1,038 -0.9 0 0 NA 8 1,038 -2.1
DCDC:
Low.............................................. 205 413 -10.8 199 400 -10.5 6 425 -11.3
Middle........................................... 172 548 -10.7 166 545 -13.2 6 550 -8.3
High............................................. 125 1238 -15.2 107 1,025 -10.1 18 1,450 -18.5
DCMD:
Low.............................................. 71 524 -4.6 65 510 -2.5 6 538 -6.4
Middle........................................... 97 643 -18.6 91 635 -20.5 6 650 -16.8
High............................................. 136 995 -3.5 124 990 -3.0 12 1,000 -3.9
DCVA:
Low.............................................. 40 584 -2.2 34 592.5 -0.3 6 575 -4.2
Middle........................................... 188 855 10.5 182 759 -5.9 6 950 28.4
High............................................. 195 1,175 14.7 183 1,150 16.8 12 1,200 12.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4120]]
Appendix 13.--Housing Cost Analysis
[Location: Anchorage, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance............................................. $559 .............. $658 .............. $757 ..............
Insurance............................................... 388 $149 428 $149 456 $189
Utilities............................................... 2,093 1,840 2,410 2,093 2,726 2,241
Real Estate Taxes....................................... 1,477 .............. 1,811 .............. 2,387 ..............
Housing................................................. 5,964 7,128 8,037 8,256 10,264 13,200
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Annual Cost................................. $10,481 $9,117 $13,344 $10,498 $16,590 $15,630
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Cost Analysis
[Location: Fairbanks, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance....................................... $461 ............... $542 ............... $623 ...............
Insurance......................................... 428 $189 522 $189 968 $250
Utilities......................................... 2,732 2,393 3,155 2,732 3,579 2,929
Real Estate Taxes................................. 1,319 ............... 1,612 ............... 2,074 ...............
Housing........................................... 5,470 6,324 7,619 8,400 9,730 11,124
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Annual Cost........................... $10,410 $8,906 $13,450 $11,321 $16,974 $14,303
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Cost Analysis
[Location: Juneau, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance............................................. $441 .............. $519 .............. $597 ..............
Insurance............................................... 273 $164 310 $150 346 $191
Utilities............................................... 2,954 2,578 3,424 2,954 3,893 3,173
Real Estate Taxes....................................... 1,449 .............. 1,953 .............. 2,306 ..............
Housing................................................. 6,968 8,328 8,830 10,356 10,618 14,100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual cost................................. $12,085 $11,070 $15,036 $13,460 $17,760 $17,464
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Cost Analysis
[Location: Nome, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance............................................. $359 .............. $422 .............. $485 ..............
Insurance............................................... 440 $224 493 $224 571 $309
Utilities............................................... 3,960 3,438 4,613 3,960 5,266 4,265
Real Estate Taxes....................................... 878 .............. 1,269 .............. 1,659 ..............
Housing................................................. 6,062 7,956 8,247 9,900 10,229 12,456
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual cost................................. $11,699 $11,618 $15,044 $14,084 $18,210 $17,030
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4121]]
Housing Cost Analysis
[Location: Washington DC, DC, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance............................................. $302 .............. $355 .............. $408 ..............
Insurance............................................... 321 $147 363 $147 905 $189
Utilities............................................... 1,932 1,705 2,217 1,932 2,501 2,965
Real Estate Taxes....................................... 474 .............. 722 .............. 2,851 ..............
Housing................................................. 6,313 4,956 9,218 6,576 19,185 14,856
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual cost................................. $9,342 $6,808 $12,875 $8,655 $25,850 $17,110
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Cost Analysis
[Location: Washington DC, MD, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance............................................. $315 .............. $371 .............. $427 ..............
Insurance............................................... 242 $89 232 $82 305 $116
Utilities............................................... 2,048 1,809 2,346 2,048 2,644 2,187
Real Estate Taxes....................................... 1,215 .............. 2,042 .............. 2,792 ..............
Housing................................................. 6,500 6,288 9,721 7,716 13,076 11,940
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual cost................................. $10,320 $8,186 $14,712 $9,846 $19,244 $14,243
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Cost Analysis
[Location: Washington DC, VA, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance............................................. $298 .............. $351 .............. $404 ..............
Insurance............................................... 166 $102 200 $100 244 $122
Utilities............................................... 2,102 1,853 2,413 2,102 2,724 2,247
Real Estate Taxes....................................... 1,302 .............. 2,101 .............. 2,727 ..............
Housing................................................. 7,127 7,008 9,093 10,260 13,651 14,100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual cost................................. $10,995 $8,936 $14,158 $12,462 $19,750 $16,469
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Cost Analysis--Washington DC Composite
[Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Location Weights Lower income Middle income Upper income
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington DC, DC.................. 33.34 $9,342 $6,808 $12,875 $8,655 $25,850 $17,110
Washington DC, MD.................. 33.33 10,320 8,186 14,712 9,846 19,244 14,243
Washington DC, VA.................. 33.33 10,995 8,963 14,158 12,462 19,750 16,469
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total weight............... 100.00 ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .........
============================================================================
Composite cost............. ......... $10,219 $7,986 $13,915 $10,321 $21,615 $15,941
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4122]]
Appendix 14.--Housing Analysis
[Location: Anchorage, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owners Renters
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC Total annual Total cost DC
cost area Index cost area Index
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income............................................ $10,481 $10,219 102.56 $9,117 $7,986 114.16
Middle income........................................... 13,344 13,915 95.90 10,498 10,321 101.71
Upper income............................................ 16,590 21,615 76.75 15,630 15,941 98.05
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Analysis
[Location: Fairbanks, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owners Renters
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC Total annual Total cost DC
cost area Index cost area Index
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income............................................ $10,410 $10,219 101.87 $8,906 $7,986 111.52
Middle income........................................... 13,450 13,915 96.66 11,321 10,321 109.69
Upper income............................................ 16,974 21,615 78.53 14,303 15,941 89.72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Analysis
[Location: Juneau, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owners Renters
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC Total annual Total cost DC
cost area Index cost area Index
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income............................................ $12,085 $10,219 118.26 $11,070 $7,986 138.62
Middle income........................................... 15,036 13,915 108.06 13,460 10,321 130.41
Upper income............................................ 17,760 21,615 82.17 17,464 15,941 109.55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Housing Analysis
[Location: Nome, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owners Renters
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC Total annual Total cost DC
cost area Index cost area Index
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income............................................ $11,699 $10,219 114.48 $11,618 $7,986 145.48
Middle income........................................... 15,044 13,915 108.11 14,084 10,321 136.46
Upper income............................................ 18,210 21,615 84.25 17,030 15,941 106.83
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 15.--Private Transportation Cost Analysis
[Location: Anchorage, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Category Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
4 dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel............................................................ $982 $1,423 $1,779
Maintenance/oil................................................. 645 549 581
Tires........................................................... 122 177 189
License and registration........................................ 118 118 118
Miscellaneous tax............................................... 66 66 66
Depreciation.................................................... 3,106 3,241 2,438
Finance expense................................................. 803 829 930
Insurance....................................................... 1,092 1,092 1,284
-----------------------------------------------
Total annual costs.......................................... $6,934 $7,495 $7,385
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4123]]
Private Transportation Cost Analysis
[Location: Fairbanks, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Category Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
4 dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel............................................................ $963 $1,396 $1,745
Maintenance/oil................................................. 782 795 782
Tires........................................................... 131 173 172
License and registration........................................ 52 52 52
Miscellaneous tax............................................... 0 0 0
Depreciation.................................................... 3,096 3,580 3,456
Finance expense................................................. 786 873 1,067
Insurance....................................................... 1,062 992 1,253
-----------------------------------------------
Total annual cost........................................... $6,872 $7,861 $8,527
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Transportation Cost Analysis
[Location: Juneau, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Category Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
4 dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel............................................................ $785 $1,138 $1,423
Maintenance/oil................................................. 698 633 671
Tires........................................................... 107 171 145
License and registration........................................ 52 52 52
Miscellaneous tax............................................... 0 0 0
Depreciation.................................................... 2,595 3,242 2,445
Finance expense................................................. 743 859 964
Insurance....................................................... 831 831 935
-----------------------------------------------
Total annual cost........................................... $5,811 $6,926 $6,635
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Transportation Cost Analysis
[Location: Nome, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Category Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
4 dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel............................................................ $1,351 $1,959 $2,449
Maintenance/oil................................................. 664 667 705
Tires........................................................... 142 201 210
License and registration........................................ 118 118 118
Miscellaneous tax............................................... 0 0 0
Depreciation.................................................... 3,819 4,142 3,155
Finance expense................................................. 780 831 871
Insurance....................................................... 976 976 1,110
-----------------------------------------------
Total annual cost........................................... $7,850 $8,894 $8,618
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Transportation Cost Analysis
[Location: Washington, DC, DC, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Category Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
4 dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel............................................................ $687 $996 $1,245
Maintenance/oil................................................. 475 455 346
Tires........................................................... 78 102 117
License and registration........................................ 69 69 102
Miscellaneous tax............................................... 0 0 0
[[Page 4124]]
Depreciation.................................................... 2,542 3,233 3,040
Finance expense................................................. 704 824 1,025
Insurance....................................................... 1,170 1,197 1,355
-----------------------------------------------
Total annual cost......................................... $5,725 $6,876 $7,230
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Transportation Cost Analysis
[Location: Washington, DC, MD, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Category Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
4 dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel............................................................ $650 $943 $1,179
Maintenance/oil................................................. 395 345 346
Tires........................................................... 78 91 107
License and registration........................................ 39 39 39
Miscellaneous tax............................................... 0 0 0
Depreciation.................................................... 2,414 3,058 2,849
Finance expense................................................. 638 743 928
Insurance....................................................... 884 986 935
-----------------------------------------------
Total annual costs.......................................... $5,098 $6,205 $6,383
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Transportation Cost Analysis
[Location: Washington, DC, VA, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Categroy Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
4 dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel............................................................ $641 $930 $1,162
Maintenance/oil................................................. 385 365 349
Tires........................................................... 73 89 105
License and registration........................................ 52 52 52
Miscellaneous tax............................................... 297 340 491
Depreciation.................................................... 2,304 3,154 2,667
Finance expense................................................. 619 755 897
Insurance....................................................... 723 731 791
-----------------------------------------------
Total annual cost........................................... $5,094 $6,416 $6,514
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Transportation Cost Analysis--Washington DC Composite
[Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs
-----------------------------------------------
Location Weights Honda Civic Ford Taurus Chevrolet S10
1.5L 4 cyl DX4 3.0L 6 cyl GL Blazer 4.3L 6
dr sedan 4 dr sedan cyl 4WD 2 dr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington DC, DC............................... 33.34 $5,725 $6,876 $7,230
Washington DC, MD............................... 33.33 5,098 6,205 6,383
Washington DC, VA............................... 33.33 5,094 6,416 6,514
---------------------------------------------------------------
Total weight................................ 100.00 .............. .............. ..............
===============================================================
Composite cost.............................. .............. $5,306 $6,499 $6,709
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4125]]
Appendix 16.--Air Fares and Other Transporation Expenses Cost Analysis Summary Program
[Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air fares and
other Total cost DC
Location transportation area Index
expenses cost
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anchorage, AK................................................... $498 $400 124.43
Fairbanks, AK................................................... 608 400 151.92
Juneau, AK...................................................... 522 400 130.43
Nome, AK........................................................ 882 400 220.38
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 17.--Transportation Analysis
[Location: Anchorage, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC
Vehicle cost area Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Honda Civic DX 4 dr sdn 1.5L 4 cyl........................... $6,934 $5,306 130.69
2. Ford Taurur GL 4 dr sedan 3.0L 6 cyl......................... 7,495 6,499 115.33
3. Chevy S10 Blazer 4WD 2 dr 4.3L 6 cyl......................... 7,385 6,709 110.08
-----------------------------------------------
Average index............................................... .............. .............. 118.70
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transportation Summary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Category Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private transportation....................................... 118.70 94.64 112.34 93.54 111.04 92.47 109.76
Air fares and other transportation expenses.................. 124.43 5.36 6.66 6.46 8.03 7.53 9.37
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 119.00 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 119.07 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 119.13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transportation Analysis
[Location: Fairbanks, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC
Vehicle cost area Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Honda Civic DX 4 dr sdn 1.5L 4cyl............................ $6,872 $5,306 129.52
2. Ford Taurus GL 4 dr sedan 3.0L 6 cyl......................... 7,861 6,499 120.96
3. Chevy S10 Blazer 4WD 2 dr 4.3L 6 cyl......................... 8,527 6,709 127.10
-----------------------------------------------
Average index............................................... .............. .............. 125.86
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transportation Summary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Category Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private transportation....................................... 125.86 94.64 119.12 93.54 117.73 92.47 116.38
Air fare and other transportation expenses................... 151.92 5.36 8.14 6.46 9.81 7.53 11.44
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total indexes: ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ...........
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 127.26 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 127.54 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 127.82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4126]]
Transportation Analysis
[Location: Juneau, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC
Vehicle cost area Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Honda Civic DX 4 dr sdn 1.5L 4 cyl........................... $5,811 $5,306 109.53
2. Ford Taurus GL 4 dr sedan 3.0L 6 cyl......................... 6,926 6,499 106.58
3. Chevy S10 Blazer 4WD 2 dr 4.3L 6 cyl......................... 6,635 6,709 98.89
-----------------------------------------------
Average index............................................... .............. .............. 105.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transportation Summary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Category Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private transportation....................................... 105.00 94.64 99.38 93.54 98.22 92.47 97.09
Air fares and other transportation expenses.................. 130.43 5.36 6.99 6.46 8.42 7.53 9.82
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 106.37 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 106.64 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 106.91
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transportation Analysis
[Location: Nome, AK, Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total annual Total cost DC
Vehicle cost area Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Honda Civic DX 4 dr sdn 1.5L 4 cyl........................... $7,850 $5,306 147.94
2. Ford Taurus GL 4 dr sedan 3.0L 6 cyl......................... 8,894 6,499 136.84
3. Chevy S10 Blazer 4WD 2 dr 4.3L 6 cyl......................... 8,618 6,709 128.45
-----------------------------------------------
Average index............................................... .............. .............. 137.74
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transportation Summary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Category Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private transportation....................................... 137.74 94.64 130.36 93.54 128.85 92.47 127.37
Air fares and other transportation expenses.................. 220.38 5.36 11.80 6.46 14.23 7.53 16.59
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 142.16 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 143.08 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 143.96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 18.--Miscellaneous Expense Analysis
[Location: Anchorage, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price DC
Category/item Price area Ratio Weights Subtotal Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Index Development
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medical Care.................... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... 122.98
Nonprescription pain reliever... 5.00 5.59 0.8942 4.9 4.38 ...........
Tetracycline.................... 6.28 5.31 1.1811 12.2 14.44 ...........
Vision Check.................... 78.33 52.56 1.4905 5.5 8.14 ...........
Dental Service.................. 171.67 89.33 1.9216 16.1 30.92 ...........
Doctor Visit.................... 61.67 53.61 1.1503 15.9 18.31 ...........
[[Page 4127]]
Hospital Room................... 699.00 523.45 1.3354 4.1 5.49 ...........
Health Insurance................ 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 41.3 41.30 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Index Development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Medical Care.............................................. 122.98 41.50 51.03 31.33 38.53 23.51 28.92
2. Cash Contributions:
Lower Income............................................. 104.96 15.80 16.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle Income............................................ 104.71 0.00 0.00 16.85 17.64 0.00 0.00
Upper Income............................................. 104.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.65 18.44
3. Personal Insurance/Pensions............................... 100.00 42.70 42.70 51.82 51.82 58.83 58.83
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 110.31 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 107.99 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 106.19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Miscellaneous Expense Account
[Location: Fairbanks, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price DC
Category/Item Price area Ratio Weights Subtotal Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Index Development
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medical Care................... 117.37
Nonprescription pain reliever.. 4.49 5.59 8.030 4.9 3.93 ...........
Tetracycline................... 6.14 5.31 1.1560 12.2 14.14 ...........
Vision Check................... 80.33 52.56 1.5285 5.5 8.35 ...........
Dental Service................. 159.67 89.33 1.7873 16.1 28.76 ...........
Doctor Visit................... 57.67 53.61 1.0757 15.9 17.13 ...........
Hospital Room.................. 479.00 523.45 0.9151 4.1 3.76 ...........
Health Insurance............... 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 41.3 41.30 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Index Development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Medical Care.............................................. 117.37 41.50 48.71 31.33 36.77 23.51 27.60
2. Cash Contributions:
Lower Income............................................. 108.39 15.80 17.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle Income............................................ 108.21 0.00 0.00 16.85 18.23 0.00 0.00
Upper Income............................................. 108.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.65 19.07
3. Personal Insurance/Pensions............................... 100.00 42.70 42.70 51.82 51.82 58.83 58.83
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 108.54 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 106.82 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 105.50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 4128]]
Miscellaneous Expense Analysis
[Location: Juneau, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price DC
Category/Item Price area Ratio Weights Subtotal Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Index Development
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medical Care................... ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... 132.32
Nonprescription pain reliever.. 5.09 5.59 0.9101 4.9 4.46 ...........
Tetracycline................... 10.56 5.31 1.9877 12.2 24.31 ...........
Vision Check................... 105.00 52.56 1.9979 5.5 10.91 ...........
Dental Service................. 180.33 89.33 2.0187 16.1 32.48 ...........
Doctor Visit................... 47.67 53.61 0.8891 15.9 14.15 ...........
Hospital Room.................. 600.00 523.45 1.1462 4.1 4.71 ...........
Health Insurance............... 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 41.3 41.30 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Index Development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Medical Care.............................................. 132.32 41.50 54.91 31.33 41.45 23.51 31.11
2. Cash Contributions:
Lower Income............................................. 110.86 15.80 17.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle Income............................................ 110.35 0.00 0.00 16.85 18.59 0.00 0.00
Upper Income............................................. 109.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.65 19.39
3. Personal Insurance/Pensions............................... 100.00 42.70 42.70 51.82 51.82 58.83 58.83
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 115.13 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 111.86 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 109.33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Miscellaneous Expense Analysis
[Location: Nome, AK; Winter 1995 Survey]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price DC
Category/Item Price area Ratio Weights Subtotal Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Index Development
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medical Care................ ............ ............ ............ .............. ........... 132.56
Nonprescription pain
reliever................... 7.92 5.59 1.4172 4.9 6.94 ...........
Tetracycline................ 14.75 5.31 2.7755 12.2 33.94 ...........
Vision Check................ 70.00 52.56 1.3319 5.5 7.27 ...........
Dental Service.............. 125.00 89.33 1.3993 16.1 22.51 ...........
Doctor Visit................ 50.00 53.61 0.9327 15.9 14.85 ...........
Hospital Room............... 732.00 523.45 1.3984 4.1 5.75 ...........
Health Insurance............ 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 41.3 41.30 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower income Middle income Upper income
Categories Category -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
indexes Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal Weights Subtotal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Index Development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Medical Care.............................................. 132.56 41.50 55.01 31.33 41.53 23.51 31.17
2. Cash Contributions:
Lower income............................................. 131.50 15.80 20.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle income............................................ 130.76 0.00 0.00 16.85 22.03 0.00 0.00
Upper income............................................. 130.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.65 22.96
3. Personal Insurance/Pensions............................... 100.00 42.70 42.70 51.82 51.82 58.83 58.83
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Weights............................................ ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ........... 100.00 ...........
Total Indexes:
Lower.................................................. ........... ........... 118.49 ........... ........... ........... ...........
Middle................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... 115.38 ........... ...........
Upper.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... 112.96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BILLING CODE 6325-01-M
[[Page 4129]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMMITTED] TN02FE96.010
[[Page 4130]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMMITTED] TN02FE96.011
[FR Doc. 96-2080 Filed 2-1-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6325-01-C