[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 7 (Wednesday, January 10, 1996)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 864-1012]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-213]




[[Page 863]]

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Part II





Department of Transportation





_______________________________________________________________________



Coast Guard



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46 CFR Part 170, et al.



Small Passenger Vessel Inspection and Certification; Interim Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 7 / Wednesday, January 10, 1996 / 
Rules and Regulations  

[[Page 864]]


DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Coast Guard
46 CFR Parts 170, 171 and 173 and Chapter I, Subchapter K and T
[CGD 85-080]
RIN 2115-AC 22

Small Passenger Vessel Inspection and Certification
AGENCY: Coast Guard, DOT.

ACTION: Interim final rule with request for comments; notice of public 
meeting.

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SUMMARY: This Interim Final Rule (IFR) completely revises the 
regulations affecting small passenger vessels. It reflects numerous 
comments received on both a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), and 
the Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (SNPRM). The Coast Guard 
believes that an IFR is necessary to address both the need to publish 
an enforceable rule, and allow the public an opportunity to comment on 
sections that have been substantially revised from the SNPRM. The 
changes in this IFR include: The creation of a separate subchapter K 
for small passenger vessels carrying more than 150 passengers or with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers; additional 
alternatives to certain required lifesaving equipment; greater 
recognition of existing industry standards; and the establishment of 
new upper limit breakpoints above which a vessel must comply with the 
construction and outfitting requirements applicable to a passenger 
vessel of more than 100 gross tons. These revisions update the existing 
regulations in Parts 175 through 187 to accommodate the advanced 
technology, larger size, and increased passenger carrying capacity of 
the small passenger vessels built today.

DATES: This IFR is effective on March 11, 1996. The Incorporation by 
Reference of certain publications listed in the regulations is approved 
by the Director of the Federal Register as of March 11, 1996. Comments 
on this IFR must be received on or before June 10, 1996. The Coast 
Guard has determined that the opportunity for oral presentations will 
aid in this rulemaking, and will hold at least one public hearing 
during the comment period. The Coast Guard solicits recommendations on 
dates and locations for a public meeting, and will provide more 
information about public hearings by a later notice in the Federal 
Register.

ADDRESSES: Comments may be mailed to the Executive Secretary, Marine 
Safety Council (G-LRA/3600) (CGD 85-080), U.S. Coast Guard 
Headquarters, 2100 Second Street, SW., Washington, DC, 20593-0001, or 
delivered to room 3406 at the same address between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, except holidays. The telephone number is (202) 
267-1477.
    Comments on collection of information requirements may be mailed 
also to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of 
Management and Budget, 725 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20503, 
ATTN: Desk Officer, U.S. Coast Guard.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Lieutenant Eric P. Christensen, Project Manager, Office of Marine 
Safety, Security and Environmental Protection, (G-MOS-2), phone (202) 
267-1181, telefax (202) 267-4570.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Drafting Information

    The principal persons involved in the drafting of this proposal are 
Lieutenant Eric P. Christensen, Project Manager; Lieutenant Commander 
Marc C. Cruder, Project Manager Emeritus, Office of Marine Safety, 
Security and Environmental Protection; and Mr. Nicholas Grasselli, 
Project Attorney, Office of Chief Counsel.

Requests For Comments

    Interested persons are invited and encouraged to participate in 
this rulemaking by submitting written views, data, or arguments on the 
contents of this IFR. Persons submitting comments should include their 
name and address, reference this IFR (CGD 85-080), give the specific 
section of the regulations to which each comment applies, and include 
supporting documents or sufficient detail to indicate the reason for 
each comment. Persons desiring an acknowledgment that their comments 
were received should include a stamped, self-addressed envelope or 
postcard. This IFR may be changed in light of the comments received. 
All comments received before the expiration of the comment period will 
be considered before final action is taken on this rulemaking.

Regulatory History

    A NPRM, published in the Federal Register (54 FR 4412) of January 
30, 1989, contained a proposed revision of subchapter T in 46 CFR. The 
NPRM contained a description of the small passenger vessel fleet and 
detailed reasons for the proposed revision of subchapter T. The NPRM 
also proposed revisions to portions of 46 CFR subchapter S. Subdivision 
and Stability, that affect small passenger vessels. The NPRM comment 
period was originally scheduled to expire on May 31, 1989, but was 
extended to July 31, 1989. The Coast Guard also held six public 
hearings on the proposed rulemaking in the cities of: Washington, DC; 
St. Louis, MO; New Orleans, LA; San Francisco, CA; Chicago, IL; and 
Boston, MA. Over 225 persons attended and 116 members of the public 
presented their views on the NPRM at the hearings.
    The Coast Guard received over 300 comment letters on the NPRM 
providing both support and criticism of the various proposed changes.
    Based on the comments received, the Coast Guard published a SNPRM 
(59 FR 1994) on January 13, 1994. The SNPRM contained a complete 
revision of the proposed regulations affecting small passenger vessels. 
The significant changes proposed in the SNPRM included: (1) The 
creation of a separate subchapter K for small passenger vessels 
carrying more than 150 passengers or with overnight accommodations for 
more than 49 passengers; (2) alternatives to certain required 
lifesaving equipment; (3) greater recognition of industry standards; 
and (4) the establishment of new upper limit breakpoints above which a 
vessel would have to comply with the construction and outfitting 
requirements applicable to a passenger vessel of more than 100 gross 
tons. During the 150 day comment period, the Coast Guard received over 
160 letters raising over 900 separate issues. Seven public hearings 
were held on the SNPRM in the cities of: New London, CT; Seattle, WA; 
Chicago, IL; Annapolis, MD; Tampa, FL; Cincinnati, OH; and Long Beach, 
CA. Over 225 persons attended and 80 members of the public presented 
their views on the SNPRM at the hearings.

Background and Purpose

    Subchapter T contains the regulations for the inspection and 
certification of small passenger vessels including construction, 
outfitting of lifesaving and fire protection equipment, machinery and 
electrical installations, and operational requirements. These 
regulations were initially promulgated in the Federal Register of 5 
October 1957 (22 FR 7949). Subchapter T originally regulated vessels of 
19.8 meters (65 feet) or less in length, measuring more than 15 but 
less than 100 gross tons, and carrying more than 6 passengers. The 
major revision to subchapter T was made in 1963 when the scope of the 
regulations was broadened to include vessels of more than 19.8 meters 
(65 feet) in length, measuring less than 100 gross tons, and 

[[Page 865]]
carrying one or more passengers (28 FR 9733). Only minor revisions have 
been made to subchapter T since 1963. Significant changes have occurred 
over the past 30 years affecting the small passenger vessel fleet 
including: (1) Statutory changes; (2) increases in vessel size and 
passenger carrying capacity; (3) increases in the services offered by 
the owners and operators of small passenger vessels; (4) expansion of 
vessel routes; and (5) technological advances. Consequently, subchapter 
T requires updating to reflect these changes.

Discussion of Comments and Changes

    This IFR completely revises the regulations affecting small 
passenger vessels. It reflects numerous comments received on both the 
NPRM and the SNPRM. Comments that are generally applicable to more than 
one part of the proposed regulations are discussed under ``General 
Comments to the SNPRM.'' Specific comments on each regulation in 
subchapter T, subchapter K and Parts 170, 171, and 173 of subchapter S 
are discussed under ``Comments on Particular Provisions of the SNPRM,'' 
in numerical order by the section number proposed in the SNPRM. 
Numerous comments were editorial in nature, and were considered in 
developing this IFR. However, non-substantial and editorial changes are 
not discussed in this preamble.

Comments on the Supplemental Notice of January 13, 1994

(a) General Comments to the SNPRM

    While the comments generally recognized the regulations proposed in 
the SNPRM were a substantial improvement over the regulations proposed 
in the NPRM published in 1989, there was concern that several areas 
were not sufficiently addressed. These included:
1. Executive Order 12866
    The Comments received questioned whether the SNPRM complied with 
Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review. The comments 
quoted from four areas of the Executive Order, and claimed that the 
SNPRM:
    (1) did not ``consider incentives for innovation, consistency, 
predictability, the cost of enforcement and compliance (to the 
government, regulated entities, and the public), flexibility 
distributive impacts, and equity'';
    (2) was not based on the best reasonably obtainable information 
concerning the need for, and consequences of the intended regulations;
    (3) did not specify performance specifications in lieu of behavior 
or manner of compliance; and
    (4) was not tailored to impose the least burden to society by 
taking into account the cumulative cost of regulations on the regulated 
entities.
    The Coast Guard generally agrees and as a result:
    (1) The IFR includes more alternatives and equivalences than were 
proposed in the SNPRM.
    (2) The Coast Guard reexamined its casualty statistics, and 
concluded that the casualty statistics included in the document A Study 
of Lifesaving Systems for Small Passenger Vessels and those referred to 
in the draft Regulatory Evaluation do not, on their own, appear to show 
sufficient need for some of the proposed changes. However, the genesis 
of this rulemaking results from more than casualty statistics. 
Therefore, the IFR was revised and the regulations eased to more 
closely reflect the focus of the small passenger vessel casualty 
history, and reduce the emphasis on the perceived risk of casualties 
yet to come.
    (3) The IFR has also been revised to reduce the prescriptive 
language intended to regulate behavior, and to incorporate performance 
based specifications. This is particularly true in the areas of 
Structural Fire Protection for vessels carrying more than 150 
passengers, and in the operations sections in parts 122 and 185.
    (4) The Coast Guard did not fully examine the cumulative cost of 
regulation prior to publication of the SNPRM. The SNPRM had been 
drafted before Executive Order 12866 was issued. However, the Coast 
Guard is sensitive to the small passenger vessel industry's concerns 
about being overregulated, or regulated out of business due to these 
cumulative costs. As a result, the revisions to the IFR were designed 
to reduce the cumulative impact of regulations. These revisions are 
estimated to substantially reduce the cost of this rulemaking when 
compared to the regulations proposed in the SNPRM, and thereby 
contribute to reducing the cumulative cost of regulation.
2. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
    The ADA, enacted on July 26, 1990, has not been fully applied to 
vessels in the marine transportation environment. Regulations for 
ferries, excursion boats, and other vessels were reserved and not 
addressed in the final rule published by the Department of 
Transportation on September 6, 1991 (56 FR 45530). Comments pointed to 
the extreme liability that vessel operators may be subject to by not 
complying with this act because compliance is at times in direct 
conflict with existing Coast Guard regulations.
    Although the Coast Guard agrees with many of the comments received 
on this issue, specific regulations addressing the ADA are not included 
in this rulemaking. There are no Department of Transportation 
regulations or Access Board guidelines specifically covering access to 
vessels at this time. The Coast Guard understands the industry's 
concerns in this area. Since the Department of Transportation 
anticipates a future rulemaking on this issue, the Coast Guard is 
currently working with the Department to study the feasibility of how 
to apply the requirements of the ADA to passenger vessels.
3. High Speed Craft (HSC) Code
    The definition of Dynamically Supported Craft (DSC) used in the 
SNPRM was based primarily on the International Maritime Organization 
(IMO) ``Code of Safety for Dynamically Supported Craft'' (DSC Code). 
Recognizing the unique design and operational characteristics of DSC, 
the DSC Code was developed by IMO to provide a level of safety for DSC 
on international voyages equivalent to that provided by load line 
requirements and the International Convention for Safety of Life at 
Sea, 1974, as amended by the articles of Protocol of 1978 and the 
amendments of 1981, and 1983 (SOLAS). Recently, the DSC Code was 
revised to address the growth in both size and type of advanced marine 
craft that has occurred since adoption of the DSC Code in 1977. The 
revised code is titled ``International Code of Safety for High Speed 
Craft'' (HSC Code). New criteria based on speed and volumetric Froude 
number are used to delineate those craft to which the code applies from 
other more conventional craft. This IFR incorporates defining criteria 
for High Speed Craft (HSC) that are consistent with the new IMO HSC 
Code.
    The HSC Code was developed to address the design and operation of a 
wide range of advanced marine vehicle types. HSC designs include air 
cushion vessels, hydrofoil vessels, side wall vessels, and other types 
of craft essentially within the spectrum existing between ships and 
aircraft. Many existing regulations were not practicable or sufficient 
for design or safety reasons. Due to their high speeds, 
maneuverability, normal dynamic support, airplane like operations, 
necessary light weight, and unique machinery, HSC may need alternative 

[[Page 866]]
requirements. Other vessels, such as certain catamarans, may also have 
operating characteristics different enough from conventional 
displacement vessels to necessitate alternative measures to ensure safe 
and proper operation. These characteristics include high speed, the 
need for lightweight structure, and a planning mode of operation.
    In order to establish a level of safety equivalent to displacement 
vessels, the HSC Code contains specific provisions in many areas 
including advanced methods of design and analysis; weather conditions 
that might restrict operations; areas of operation; radio 
communications; evacuation of passengers; rescue services; and vessel 
maintenance. To prevent piecemeal application of the HSC Code, which 
might result in a system imbalance that is hazardous to passengers, the 
HSC Code states that full compliance with all applicable provisions of 
the code is required if the HSC Code is to be used as an equivalency to 
the international conventions.
    The Coast Guard position is that, in general, the provisions of the 
HSC Code are only suitable for vessels that are of lightweight 
construction with a need to operate at the high speeds typical of an 
HSC. Vessels that meet the definition of an HSC are not required to 
comply with the HSC Code; however, this Code may be proposed as an 
equivalent standard for vessel design, construction, and operational 
requirements under new Sec. Sec. 114.540(b) and 175.540(b). The HSC 
Code is not considered equivalent to SOLAS or the U.S. regulations for 
vessels which do not meet the definition of an HSC. The Coast Guard is 
no longer proposing to incorporate the provisions of the HSC Code by 
reference by listing it in Sec. Sec. 114.600 and 175.600.
    One comment noted that the regulations should specifically indicate 
in which sections the HSC Code would be an acceptable equivalent. The 
comment also noted that the HSC Code should only be applied in its 
entirety to avoid creating potential ``imbalances.'' The Coast Guard 
agrees. This IFR provides, in those areas where the HSC Code does not 
contain specific provisions or items are left to the satisfaction of 
the Administration, the requirements of subchapters T and K apply. It 
also provides that the HSC Code can only be used in its entirety as an 
equivalency since it is based on a ``systems engineering'' approach to 
design. In general terms, the use of the HSC Code as an equivalency 
will supplant the sections of the CFR that it addresses. The HSC Code 
is intended to be an option for equivalency to the requirements of 
subchapter T and K, and a vessel designer may determine if it is 
advantageous to apply the Code in place of the corresponding subchapter 
T and K sections.
    Another comment pointed out that the required speed of the craft 
should meet the IMO HSC Code criteria rather that the speed/length 
formula from the DSC Code. The Coast Guard agrees that the definitions 
of HSC used in these regulations should be consistent with the 
international criteria. The use of term DSC is discontinued and the 
term HSC is adopted to maintain consistency with the IMO HSC Code.
    One comment expressed concern that the proposed definition of DSC 
included an overly large population of moderate speed planing vessels 
as a result of the speed formula in the SNPRM. The Coast Guard notes 
that these crafts have been approved in the past using these rules and 
have had an acceptable safety record. The comment went on to state that 
proposed Sec. 182.130(a), excluded the use of American Boat and Yacht 
Council (ABYC) rules for DSC's. The Coast Guard disagrees. Section 
182.130(a) applies to propulsion and machinery. The ABYC rules are 
referenced in the regulatory text, and have been satisfactorily applied 
to DSC in the past.
    Vessels meeting the HSC definition in the IFR that will be 
certified for international voyages must comply with the provisions of 
the HSC Code, or otherwise, all applicable provisions of SOLAS. This is 
in keeping with the intent of the HSC Code. Vessels meeting the HSC 
definition in this IFR that will not be certified for international 
voyages, would be required to comply with the applicable U.S. 
regulations, but may request substitution of the HSC Code for 
applicable U.S. regulations. Vessels that meet the HSC definition in 
this IFR, which will not be certificated for international voyages, and 
which the owners choose to design in compliance with the applicable 
U.S. regulations in lieu of the HSC Code, may be subject to additional 
requirements determined by the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine 
Inspection (OCMI). The cognizant OCMI may require operational controls, 
or additional safety equipment under new Secs. 115.110, 116.700(a), 
16.800(f), 121.100(b), 176.110, 177.700(a), 177.800(f), and 184.100(b). 
For example, seat belts, which are specified in the HSC Code but are 
not specifically required on all small passenger vessels by subchapters 
T or K, may be required by the cognizant OCMI on a case-by-case basis. 
The above sections are further discussed in the comments for each 
specific section.
    The Coast Guard is retaining proposed Sec. Sec. 114.540(b) and 
175.540(b) to state that the Commandant may accept the provisions of 
the HSC Code as an equivalent to the applicable requirements in 
subchapter T or K. Requests to use the HSC Code as an equivalent to the 
regulations will be handled on a case-by-case basis by the Marine 
Safety Center, and will be carefully evaluated to ensure that system 
safety, as envisioned in the HSC Code is maintained. Where the HSC Code 
does not contain provisions equivalent to the specific requirements 
proposed in subchapters T and K, or where the Code leaves 
determinations up to the Administration, such as the specific wiring 
requirements in Sec. Sec. 120.340 and 183.340, a vessel would be 
expected to comply with the requirements in the applicable U.S. 
regulations.
    The SNPRM proposed restrictions on routes for DSC. The proposed 
sections, Sec. Sec. 115.110(b) and 176.110(b), have been removed. The 
OCMI may restrict routes for vessels built and operated under the HSC 
Code, and may impose additional requirements if necessary to ensure 
safety.
    In addition to the above comments received concerning the HSC Code, 
the Coast Guard received one comment concerning the proposed 
requirements for the location of passenger and crew accommodation 
spaces in subchapters T and K (Secs. 177.700, 177.800 and 116.700, 
116.800 respectively). The comment noted that the relationship between 
the deck and deepest load line is acceptable, but no further 
``regulation like'' policy should be applied without opportunity for 
comment. This IFR adopts the regulations proposed in the SNPRM 
concerning the location of accommodation spaces without change. For 
subchapter T and K vessels, the requirement for crew and passenger 
accommodation space location follow the breakpoints for application in 
Table 114.100(f), with the exception that vessels more than 19.8 meters 
(65 feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers must comply with subchapter H requirements. Subchapter K' 
vessels (vessels carrying more than 600 passengers, or with overnight 
accommodations for more than 150 passengers, or 200 feet or greater in 
length) must also comply with subchapter H requirements for crew and 
passenger accommodation space location.

[[Page 867]]


(b) Comments on Particular Provisions of the SNPRM

Parts 114 and 175 General Provisions
    Sections 114.110 and 175.110 General applicability. Three comments 
stated that the passenger breakpoint between subchapter K and K' should 
be raised from 600 to 1000 passengers because the adoption of 
subchapter H standards for construction, lifesaving, and fire fighting 
is overly burdensome. One comment stated, ``Provisions of subchapter H 
are written to govern large passenger ships carrying overnight 
passengers and are not reasonable for vessels that do not carry 
overnight passengers.'' The Coast Guard disagrees. The 600 passenger 
breakpoint was based on comments on the NPRM and existing subdivision 
breakpoints. The Coast Guard believes that the application of 
subchapter H for construction, lifesaving, and fire fighting standards 
is appropriate for the risks associated with high capacity passenger 
vessels, including vessels of less than 100 gross tons. Additionally, 
the guidelines contained in Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular 
(NVIC) No. 8-93 ``Equivalent Alternatives to 46 CFR subchapter H 
Requirements Related to Means of Escape, Safe Refuge Areas, and Main 
Vertical Zone Length'' provides guidance on compliance with certain 
structural fire protection provisions of subchapter H in order to 
reduce the burden to industry.
    Several comments stated that the use of gross tonnage as a criteria 
for regulations should be eliminated. As gross tonnage thresholds are 
established by statute, changes based on these comments are beyond the 
scope of this rulemaking.
    Sections 114.400 and 175.400 Definitions of terms used in this 
subchapter. Many definitions in these sections have been revised based 
on comments received on other sections.
    In response to a comment which recommended that the space 
designations in Tables 116.415 (b) and (c) should be consistent with 
those in subchapter H, many definitions relating to the application of 
the structural fire protection tables in Sec. 116.415 have been 
amended. The discussion of the changes to Sec. 116.415 provides 
additional information, including the rationale behind amendment of the 
structural fire protection tables.
    Accommodation spaces have been divided into two categories, low 
risk and high risk. Low risk accommodation spaces are defined as 
accommodation spaces that contain a fire load of not more than 15 
kilograms per square meter (3 pounds per square foot). High risk 
accommodation spaces are defined as those with a fire load greater than 
15 kilograms per square meter (3 pounds per square foot). Furnishings 
in low risk accommodations spaces are limited by the definition in 
Sec. 114.400 to fire resistant furnishings, while furnishings in high 
risk accommodation spaces are not limited to those with fire resistant 
construction; see the discussion of Sec. 116.427 for additional 
information.
    Additionally, washrooms and toilet spaces have been removed from 
the definition of accommodation space in subchapter K, and grouped into 
the category of low risk service space (type 8). Washrooms and toilet 
spaces typically have a very low fire load, and it is appropriate to 
include them in a space category that would require a lesser degree of 
structural fire protection. Toilets and washrooms are considered type 8 
spaces in subchapter H.
    One comment on Sec. 116.415 stated that food and drink service bars 
could be considered a ``low risk service space'' and that they should 
be included in the definition of ``accommodation areas,'' and not be 
subject to the structural fire protection restrictions for a 
``galley.'' The Coast Guard concurs, and a provision is included in the 
definition of an accommodation space to indicate that a microwave or 
other similar ``low heat'' cooking appliance is permitted in an 
accommodation space. This is consistent with interpretations of SOLAS.
    A definition is added for the term ``area of refuge.'' This 
definition recognizes that an area of refuge is intended to serve as a 
safe area where passengers can wait, in the event of an emergency, 
until they can disembark. This definition explicitly states that the 
standards for protection of areas of refuge are performance oriented, 
in that the areas of refuge need only provide a safe haven for as long 
as they may reasonably be expected to be occupied. The maximum time 
limit of one hour for an area of refuge is consistent with structural 
fire protection requirements that do not require any boundaries with 
fire endurance of over one hour. It is not the Coast Guard's intent 
that this definition add any additional requirements to those proposed 
in the SNPRM for an area of refuge.
    The definition of ``atrium'' is amended to clarify that atriums are 
only permitted in accommodation spaces.
    In response to a comment that indicated that the structural fire 
protection requirements for an ``auxiliary machinery space'' as defined 
in subchapter H are less stringent than those proposed in the SNPRM, a 
definition is added that is consistent with subchapter H. For 
application of the structural fire protection tables, these areas would 
be included in the category of ``voids, fuel tanks, and water tanks,'' 
instead of the category ``machinery space,'' if the space contains a 
fire load of less than 2.5 kilograms per square meter (0.5 pounds per 
square foot).
    The definition of a ``balcony'' is amended because of changes in 
Sec. 116.439. See the discussion on Sec. 116.439 for additional 
information.
    The definition of a ``cargo space'' is amended to specifically 
state that a vehicle space is included in this category for purposes of 
application of the structural fire protection tables.
    The definition of a ``fire control boundary'' is amended by adding 
``C'-class'' to the definition. See the discussion on Sec. 116.415 for 
additional information.
    The definition of ``fire load'' is amended to delete reference to 
``wood equivalent weight'' to make the definition consistent with Coast 
Guard policy contained the revision to NVIC No. 6-80.
    The definition of ``hazardous condition'' is added to Secs. 114.400 
and 175.400 as a result of the revision to the casualty reporting 
requirements contained in Secs. 122.202 and 185.202, respectively. See 
the discussion on Secs. 122.202 and 185.202 for additional information.
    Definitions of ``high risk service space'' and ``low risk service 
space'' are amended to make these spaces consistent with type (8) and 
(9) spaces in subchapter H, respectively. The definition of ``High risk 
service spaces'' includes the same spaces as ``galleys, main pantries, 
storerooms, and workshops'' as found in subchapter H; and the 
definition of ``low risk service spaces'' includes the same spaces as 
``washrooms, toilet spaces, and isolated pantries'' in subchapter H. 
Small or large pantries and storerooms may be included in either 
category depending on fire load.
    One comment suggested that the temperature cutoff for a galley 
should be increased from 121 deg. C (250 deg. F) to 232 deg. C 
(450 deg. F). The Coast Guard does not agree. Many cooking oils have a 
flash point below 232 deg. C (450 deg. F), and therefore require the 
level of fire protection associated with a galley.
    Several comments stated that the definition of ``major conversion'' 
should be changed because it was too restrictive and not consistent 
with the definition used in 46 CFR 28.50 for commercial fishing 
vessels. In addition, the comments believed that paragraph (1) of 

[[Page 868]]
the definition would be subject to inconsistent interpretation by the 
Coast Guard, and result in the upgrading of an existing vessel to more 
stringent standards even for slight changes to the vessel's structure. 
Two comments suggested that a percentage (5-10%) be assigned to the 
changes in length, breadth, and height for determining when a change is 
a major conversion. One comment stated that the changing of gross 
tonnage should not be used as a measure of determining a major 
conversion because of the way it can be manipulated in the tonnage 
rules. The Coast Guard partially agrees. The definition of ``major 
conversion'' for commercial fishing vessels was derived from the 
definition contained in 46 United States Code (U.S.C.) 2101, and 
modified to reflect the unique nature of commercial fishing vessels. In 
order to reduce the confusion associated with creating new definitions 
the Coast Guard decided to adopt the more flexible definition contained 
in 46 USC 2101 as written. This revision allows for minor changes to 
the structure and carrying capacity of a vessel. The Coast Guard 
believes that since every vessel is different, the determination of 
what is a major conversion should be made on a case-by-case basis, by 
the Commandant, taking changes to the dimensions and effects on 
stability into consideration rather than assigning an arbitrary 
percentage.
    The definition of ``means of escape'' is amended by replacing the 
term ``passageways'' with ``corridors'' to make it consistent with 
subchapter H.
    The definition of ``passenger'' is updated to reflect the changes 
made in the Passenger Vessel Safety Act of 1993, and the definition of 
``passenger for hire'' was added.
    The definition of a ``stairtower'' is amended to clarify that all 
stairways in a stairtower must be contained in a common enclosure.
    A definition of ``safety areas'' is added that is consistent with 
subchapter H.
    Sections 114.560 and 175.560 Appeals. Several comments stated that 
these sections should be revised to require the Coast Guard to respond 
to appeals within 30 days of receipt. The comments believed that since 
the Coast Guard imposes a 30 day response time on industry, it is only 
reasonable that the Coast Guard respond in kind. The Coast Guard 
disagrees. These sections reference 46 CFR 1.03, and that part is not 
under revision at this time. However, the Coast Guard will consider 
actions to correct the perceived lack of timely response.
    Sections 114.600 and 175.600 Incorporation by reference. One 
comment was received from the National Fire Protection Association 
indicating that the standards proposed for adoption by reference were 
not the most recent edition, and suggested that the most recent edition 
of each standard be adopted. The Coast Guard concurs, as the most 
recent standards typically allow greater flexibility by recognizing new 
design technology. Sections 114.600 and 175.600 have been amended to 
adopt the most recent editions of standards where appropriate. 
Additionally, several new standards have been added to these sections 
due to amendments to other sections. See the discussion on other 
sections as appropriate for the rationale behind these additions.
1. Parts 115 and 176--Inspection and Certification
    Half of the over 90 comments received on these parts applied to 
subchapter T vessels, and focused on the drydock interval requirements 
in Part 176 Subpart F. Within Subpart F, comments specifically 
addressed the reduced interval of one year for hulls of wood 
construction over 20 years old.
    Some comments believed the 20 year age requirement was arbitrary 
and not supported by fact or casualty statistics. Others believed that 
age had nothing to do with the condition of a well maintained vessel, 
regardless of the hull material. Still others claimed that if Coast 
Guard inspectors knew what they were looking at, ill-maintained vessels 
would be found, and all wood vessels would not have to be targeted.
    The reduced drydock interval for wood vessels over 20 years old is 
a reflection of the casualty history cited in the Coast Guard study A 
Study of Lifesaving Systems for Small Passenger Vessels. As noted in 
this study, wood vessels accounted for over 90% of all casualties 
resulting in the loss of the vessel or a loss of life. Of the wood 
vessels included in the study, the average age was approximately 26 
years old. Those specifically reported as flooding, foundering, or hull 
failure casualties average 38 years old.
    These statistics notwithstanding, the Coast Guard agrees with the 
comments that a reduced drydocking interval should not be required for 
all wooden vessels, as the degree and extent of vessel maintenance 
certainly figures into the structural condition of any wood vessel. 
Since the EL TORO II casualty in December, 1993, the Coast Guard has 
revised Navigational and Vessel Inspection Circular (NVIC) No. 1-63 
``Notes on Inspection and Repair of Wooden Hulls'' to provide more 
detailed and current guidance on the inspection of wooden hulls. This 
should enable Coast Guard OCMIs to better target the marginally 
maintained wooden vessels within their zones, and allow them to reduce 
the drydock inspection interval on select vessels when there is 
sufficient cause or evidence of lack of maintenance.
    As a result of the Coast Guard's NVIC revision, the industry's 
comments, and the changes in the lifesaving equipment requirements in 
Table 180.200(c), the Coast Guard deleted proposed Sec. 176.600(d), 
which would have required that wood vessels over 20 years old undergo 
an annual drydock exam. In addition, proposed Secs. 115.600(d), and 
176.600(e) [now (d)], have been revised to emphasize the OCMI's 
existing discretion to decrease vessel drydock intervals as necessary 
to monitor a vessel's structural condition.
    Forty-seven comments received focused on the wording of 
Secs. 115.840 and 176.840. The comments believed that the OCMI was 
being given too much authority to require additional tests and 
inspections without reasonable cause. A few comments stated that adding 
the word ``reasonable'' to the language of this section would satisfy 
their concerns.
    The Coast Guard does not agree that OCMIs would abuse their 
authority, and require additional tests and inspections without 
reasonable cause. However, the word ``reasonable'' has been added to 
the language of Secs. 115.840, and 176.840.
    Several other comments focused on the requirement of the owner or 
operator to notify the OCMI whenever a vessel is drydocked or hauled 
out above and beyond the required drydock interval. The comments stated 
that the requirement to contact the OCMI whenever the vessel is 
drydocked, for whatever reasons, contradicted a subsequent section with 
a more reasonable notification requirement.
    The Coast Guard agrees with comments that proposed Secs. 115.600(e) 
and 176.600(f) contradict Secs. 115.612 and 176.612, respectively, 
which contain specific requirements for the owner or operator to 
contact the OCMI whenever a vessel is drydocked or hauled out for 
repairs affecting the safety of the vessel. Therefore the Coast Guard 
deleted proposed Secs. 115.600(e) and 176.600(f).
    In addition to changes made as a result of comments, the Coast 
Guard has modified the requirements for vessels operating as other than 
inspected small passenger vessels. Under the Passenger Vessel Safety 
Act of 1993, a vessel of less than 100 gross tons may be chartered 
without crew as a recreational vessel and carry twelve passengers. The 

[[Page 869]]
Coast Guard has clarified the conditions under which an inspected 
passenger vessel may operate as an uninspected vessel by revising 
Secs. 115.114 and 176.114 to be consistent with the Passenger Vessel 
Safety Act of 1993.
2. Parts 116 and 177--Construction and Arrangement
    These parts generated the most public comment. Comments on both 
parts focused on the proposed plan submittal requirements. The majority 
of the comments addressed the structural fire protection requirements 
in Part 116, Subpart D, which apply to vessels carrying over 150 
passengers, and vessels with accommodations for more than 49 overnight 
passengers. Within Subpart D, comments fell into four areas: Use of 
polyurethane foam; fire control boundaries; ceiling and interior 
finishes; and stairway, stairtower and ladder arrangements.
    Sections 116.202 and 177.202  Plans and information required. Over 
70 comments objected to the requirement to submit a complete set of 
plans to the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) 
prior to the start of construction. The comments considered this to be 
an unreasonable interference with the private sector, and cited 
contractual, financial or other reasons to start construction early. 
The majority of the comments suggested that the provisions in proposed 
paragraph (c) would adequately cover the owner's or builders's risks of 
starting construction early and that the working regarding plan 
submittal should be the same as that in existing 46 CFR 177.05-1. The 
Coast Guard revised these sections to require only Outboard Profile, 
Inboard Profile and Arrangement plans to be submitted prior to the 
start of construction. The remainder of the plans must be submitted for 
approval before the vessel receives a Certificate of Inspection. In 
addition, references in subchapter K to OCMI approval of plans were 
removed, and replaced with Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center 
approval. The Marine Safety Center has been responsible for the plan 
review of vessels: 65 feet in length and greater; carrying over 150 
passengers; or a unusual design for several years. The deletion of OCMI 
approval clarifies the Marine Safety Center's role as the plan review 
center for vessels constructed in accordance with subchapter K.
    The remaining comments focus on the increased number of plans 
required to be submitted. The comments believed that the increased 
number of plans required, from (9) to (25), would delay the Coast Guard 
review process, and add expense to the construction of a vessel. The 
intent of the rewording in the SNPRM was to better explain the details 
already required on plans submitted for review. The intent was not to 
require three times the number of plans to be submitted for review. In 
response to the comments, the Coast Guard revised these sections, and 
has grouped required plan details under general headings similar to 
those in existing Sec. 177.05-1.
    Section 116.300  Structural design. Several comments expressed 
concern that this section did not allow the use of fiberglass reinforce 
plastic (FRP) or composite construction. Other comments suggested that 
this section should identify a recognized design standard for FRP or 
composite construction. The Coast Guard does not wish to prohibit the 
use of these materials; however, there is currently no recognized 
design standard that provides an equivalent level of safety to vessels 
constructed in accordance with this part. Consequently, vessels 
constructed of FRP or composite materials and subject to the provisions 
of subchapter K are considered to be constructed of ``special 
materials.'' These vessels will be considered and reviewed in 
accordance with the provisions in Sec. 116.340 for alternate design 
considerations. No changes have been made from the proposed 
regulations.
    Section 116.400  Application. Several comments pointed out that 
paragraph (a)(2) should read ``Vessels with overnight accommodations 
for more than 49 passengers but not more than 150 passengers'' and that 
paragraph (b) should read ``Vessels with overnight accommodations for 
more than 150 passengers must comply with Sec. 72.05 of this chapter.'' 
The Coast Guard agrees and has revised this section accordingly.
    Section 116.405  General arrangement and outfitting. One comment 
discussed the testing of mattresses and proposed the use of California 
Technical Bulletin 129 (CAL TB 129), ``Flammability Test Procedure for 
Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings.'' The Coast Guard agrees that 
materials should not be limited prescriptively, but the use of a 
standard based on a single State's regulation is generally not 
acceptable in a national and international industry. However, the Coast 
Guard will pursue development of similar standards through a recognized 
national forum. It is expected that Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or 
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) will develop similar 
acceptable standards. For example UL 1056, ``Fire Test of Upholstered 
Furniture,'' is similar to Cal TB 133, ``Flammability Test Procedure 
for Seating Furniture Used in Public Occupancies.'' However, the 
International Maritime Organization (IMO) Resolution A.688(17), ``Fire 
Test Procedures for Ignitability of Bedding Components, `` is an 
international maritime standard that sufficiently test the ignitability 
of mattresses and the associated blankets using a cigarette and an open 
flame. The IMO standard does not prohibit the use of polyurethane foam. 
In an attempt to harmonize industry standards worldwide, the IMO 
standard has been incorporated for the testing of mattresses on U.S. 
vessels. The regulatory text is amended to add the alternative of 
compliance with IMO Resolution A.688(17). Compliance with the U.S. 
Department of Commerce (FF 4-72.16) ``Standard for Mattress 
Flammability'' is still acceptable provided the mattress does not 
contain polyurethane foam. The proposed complete prohibition on the use 
of polyurethane foam is removed.
    Section 116.415  Fire control boundaries. Several comments 
recommended that an automatic 10 percent extension of the 40 meter (131 
foot limit) on main vertical zone (MVZ) length be incorporated into the 
regulations because subchapter K vessels do not operate in the same 
environment as SOLAS vessels and Coast Guard policy has permitted 
extensions of MVZ length. The Coast Guard agrees, in part, and has 
added a provision to the IFR which allows the Commanding Officer, 
Marine Safety Center to extend the MVZ length to 44 meters (144 feet). 
The maximum allowable MVZ horizontal step size has also been changed to 
be consistant with current policy. The provisions to allow extension of 
MVZ length, although not automatic, will help provide vessel owners 
with the necessary design flexibility. The decision to grant an 
extension of MVZ length is not automatic and should only be made after 
considering the effect on the overall level of safety. Recent 
amendments to SOLAS allow the length and width of MVZ's to be further 
extended to a maximum of 48 meters (157 feet) provided that the total 
area of the main vertical zone is not greater than 1,600 square meters 
(17,200 square feet) on any deck; however, SOLAS also requires full 
sprinkler systems for passenger spaces. The Coast Guard has also 
published guidance applicable to passenger vessels on protected routes 
that explicitly details requirements necessary for vessels to be 
designed with ``long MVZs.'' This guidance is 

[[Page 870]]
published in Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular (NVIC) NO. 8-93) 
``Equivalent Alternatives to 46 CFR subchapter H Requirements Related 
to Means of Escape, Safe Refuge Areas, and Main Vertical Zone Length.'' 
Subchapter K vessels may, through the equivalency provisions in 46 CFR 
114.540, build to the structural fire protection provisions in 
subchapter H, part 72.05 and, if on a protected route, the long MVZ 
alternative in NVIC 8-93, in lieu of the provisions in 46 CFR Part 116. 
The Coast Guard has and will continue to consider proposals for the 
extension of MVZ length, beyond regulatory limits, if a proposal 
provides an equivalent overall level of safety. Extensions of MVZ 
length up to 44 meters (144 feet) will generally be made to allow the 
ends of MVZs to coincide with watertight subdivision bulkheads or in 
order to accommodate a large public space extending for the whole 
length of the main vertical zone. For extensions of MVZ length beyond 
44 meters, additional features such as a heat detection system, a smoke 
detection system, a sprinkler system and/or additional emergency escape 
routes, may provided the necessary compensating provisions for 
subchapter K vessels. The type and number of compensating provisions 
will be determined on a case-by-case basis if the vessel does not 
comply with the published guidance.
    Several comments recommended that this section be revised to 
incorporate the existing Coast Guard guidance published in NVIC 8-93 
and Marine Technical and Hazardous Materials Division Policy File 
Memorandum (MTH PFM) No. 3-89 regarding the omission of draft stops in 
certain situations. The Coast Guard agrees and has adopted the guidance 
into this IFR.
    Seven comments disagreed with the proposal in the SNPRM to 
eliminate the two categories of accommodation spaces proposed in the 
NPRM and replace them with one accommodation space category. One 
comment requested that space designations be modified to be consistent 
with subchapter H, and one comment requested that Tables 116.415 (b) 
and (c) be clearly labeled ``bulkheads'' and ``decks'' respectively. In 
response to the comments received, Sec. 116.415 is amended to include a 
low fire load option in line with a type 5 space as defined in 
subchapter H. Tables 116.415 (b) and (c) are also amended so that space 
designations are more consistent between subchapters H and K. 
Additionally, the terms ``bulkheads'' and ``decks'' have been added to 
the tables as appropriate.
    Since the publication of the SNPRM, a new low fire load policy was 
developed with extensive industry input and published in MTH PFM No. 1-
94 on November 15, 1994. A copy of this policy may be obtained by 
calling Commandant (G-MMS-4) at (202) 267-1076. MTH PFM 1-94 provides 
the marine industry with an alternative that supplements the 
regulations and provides the minimum structural insulation and bulkhead 
classifications for certain vessels containing low risk passenger 
accommodation spaces with very low fire loads of not more than 5 
kilograms per square meter (1 pound per square foot) fire loading. This 
policy primarily benefits builders of aluminum vessels because of the 
need to insulate bare aluminum structure for it to be considered 
equivalent to steel. MTH PFM 1-94 provides guidelines for the design 
and construction of passenger vessels with extremely low fire loading, 
fire resistant furnishings and greatly reduced quantities of structural 
insulation. This low fire load alternative applies to subchapter K 
vessels and the Coast Guard plans to adopt it into the final rule 
following an evaluation period currently underway.
    The two categories of accommodation and public spaces proposed in 
the 1989 NPRM were low risk (fire load of 15 kilograms per square meter 
(3 pounds per square foot) or less) and high risk (fire load of 30 
kilograms per square meter (6 pounds per square foot) or less). In an 
attempt to simplify design and construction requirements, and to 
maintain a uniform measure of structural fire protection on small 
passenger vessels, these two NPRM categories were revised in the SNPRM 
to one designation with a maximum fire load of 37.5 kilograms per 
square meter (7.5 pounds per square foot). As discussed above, a number 
of comments objected to this proposal and citing the need for both 
additional alternatives in the selection of furnishings and for 
reductions in structural insulation.
    Subchapter H includes three categories of accommodation and public 
spaces: those with incombustible veneers and trim and fire resistant 
furnishings (type 5), those under 46 square meters (500 square feet) 
with combustible furnishings (type 6), and those over 46 square meters 
(500 square feet) with combustible furnishings (type 7). As stated in 
NVIC 6-80 ``Guide to Structural Fire Protection Aboard Merchant 
Vessels,'' rooms containing combustible furnishings are considered to 
have a fire load of 50 kilograms per square meter (10 pounds per square 
foot): 37.5 kilograms per square meter (7.5 pounds per square foot) of 
furnishings, and 12.5 kilograms per square meter (2.5 pounds per square 
foot) of passengers' effects.
    In this IFR, to simplify the structural fire protection tables from 
subchapter H, type 6 spaces [staterooms and public spaces of 46 square 
meters (500 square feet) or less with combustible furnishings, and 
isolated storerooms] are not included. In Sec. 116.415, for structural 
fire protection purposes, accommodation spaces will be differentiated 
only on the basis of fire load and type of furnishings. Type 6 spaces, 
as defined in subchapter H, would be included in the category of type 7 
spaces in subchapter K. The insulation requirements for type 5 and type 
7 spaces were taken from the tables in subchapter H.
    Nine comments concerned the requirement for ``A-0'' bulkheads and 
decks on aluminum vessels in areas separating low fire load spaces 
[spaces with a fire load less than 2.5 kilograms per square meter (0.5 
pounds per square foot)]. Under the guidance contained in NVIC 6-80, 
bulkheads and decks separating water tanks, void spaces containing less 
than 2.5 kilograms per square meter (0.5 pounds per square foot), and 
ballast tanks from open deck spaces may be constructed of uninsulated 
aluminum. The IMO High Speed Craft Code contains a similar provision. 
As indicated in the SNPRM, it is the Coast Guard's intent to permit 
uninsulated aluminum construction in similar areas on subchapter K 
vessels. Therefore, Sec. 116.415 (b) & (c) have been amended to 
indicate that C'-Class construction is permitted in boundaries 
separating open decks, voids containing less than 2.5 kilograms per 
square meter (0.5 pounds per square foot) fire load, water tanks, and 
embarkation stations. C'-Class construction must be a noncombustible 
structural division that also resists the passage of smoke between 
adjacent spaces. The establishment of a C'-Class barrier rating is not 
intended to preclude the use of vents for ballast tanks or voids.
    One comment noted the proposed requirement that all MVZ bulkheads 
meet A-30 construction exceeds the requirements of subchapter H in some 
cases, and this requirement should be modified so that it is not more 
severe than the one in subchapter H. The Coast Guard agrees in part. 
Accordingly, 0116.415(d) is amended to permit A-0 MVZ construction 
where a Type 8, 12, or 13 space is on one side of the division. This 
approach is also consistent with the MVZ philosophy contained in the 
1992 amendments to SOLAS 74.

[[Page 871]]

    Two comments requested that higher fire and smoke rated loads or a 
reduction in structural fire protection requirements be permitted if a 
vessel is fully sprinklered. The Coast Guard does not concur. Active 
fire protection systems are generally less reliable than passive fire 
protection measures. However, there are instances where an active fire 
protection system is considered equivalent to passive measures provided 
the expected reliability of the active system does not significantly 
affect the overall level of safety. An example where it is acceptable 
to substitute active systems for passive measures is the balcony and 
atrium requirements contained in 0116.439 and 0116.440. However, fire 
casualty experience has demonstrated that sprinklers are not in all 
cases an acceptable substitute for limits on fire and smoke rated 
loading or basic fire integrity of bulkheads and decks. No changes were 
made to the proposed fire load or interior finish requirements when a 
vessel is fully sprinklered.
    Three comments asked that the proposed requirement in 
Sec. 116.415(a)(1) that the hull, structural bulkheads, columns and 
stanchions, superstructures, and deckhouses must be composed of steel 
or equivalent material be changed to steel or aluminum. As stated 
above, boundaries of several low fire risk spaces are now permitted to 
be C'-Class construction, which could be met by the use of uninsulated 
aluminum. However, as stated in the SNPRM, since aluminum has a much 
lower fire endurance than steel, aluminum will require insulation in 
areas where there is a substantial fire risk. The requirement for steel 
or equivalent is modified to reflect that where specifically permitted 
by Tables 116.415 (b) and (c), steel or equivalent is not required, and 
noncombustible material may be used.
    Section 116.422 Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish and 
decorations. There were numerous comments questioning the necessity for 
the proposed requirement that ceiling panels be retained by continuous 
flanges of steel or equivalent material on the exposed side of the 
panel. This requirement would essentially rule out the use of typical 
``snap-in'' type construction. The Coast Guard has reconsidered the 
need for this requirement and has deleted it from the regulations.
    One comment addressed the use of gypsum wallboard for interior 
linings. All construction and interior linings are required to be 
noncombustible. Gypsum wallboard is required to be approved in 
accordance with Sec. 164.009 in 46 CFR subchapter Q, and listed in 
Commandant Instruction M16714.3E (Coast Guard Equipment List). Any 
finishings added to the surface must meet the requirements for finish 
materials in Sec. 164.012 of subchapter Q. Any reference to a specific 
building material, such as ``paper-faced gypsum'' wallboard, is not 
necessary and has been removed from the regulations.
    One comment expressed concern over the potential loss of strength 
of paper-faced wallboard during or after a fire. The Coast Guard 
believes that if the wallboard is part of the fire rated wall 
construction, this concern is already addressed since the barrier is 
required to meet the furnace test requirements in American Society for 
Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard E-119 ``Standard Test Methods for 
Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.'' If a lining is not 
part of the wall for the purpose of fire rating then its fire integrity 
is not a concern under the current regulations. Therefore, the 
requirements in Sec. 116.422 have been amended to be consistent with 
the existing requirements in subchapter H for noncombustible 
construction and interior finish.
    Several comments suggested changing the flame spread/smoke 
generated performance requirements for approved interior finishes in 
the ASTM E-84 ``Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building 
Materials'' tunnel test from 20/10 to 20/25. The Coast Guard disagrees 
and believes that the 20/10 standard maintains an appropriate level of 
safety. However, the Coast Guard will consider industry research that 
provides data indicating an alternative requirement will not degrade 
the current level of safety.
    Several comments addressed using other test methods for testing the 
flammability of wall lining materials. The Coast Guard notes that 
research is being conducted into the feasibility of other test methods, 
including International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9705 
``Fire Tests--Full-Scale Room Test for Surface Products.'' However, the 
International Maritime Organization (IMO) has not yet set the 
performance requirements for this test. The test prescribed in 
subchapter K will not be changed; however, any similar test procedure, 
as outlined by SOLAS, will be considered as an acceptable substitute.
    One comment suggested allowing wool carpet to be used as a wall 
lining material because of claims that it is self extinguishing in the 
vertical direction. Wool could theoretically be used if it met the 
requirements for bulkhead linings or veneers including the thickness 
limitation and the flame spread and smoke generation rating. These 
performance requirements limit the material's contribution to fire 
growth and fire severity after flashover. This interpretation is 
consistent with the intentions of the performance standards and does 
not specifically address any single material.
    Section 116.423 Furniture and furnishings. There were numerous 
comments regarding the use of California Technical Bulletin 133 (CAL TB 
133) and other flammability tests for upholstered furniture. The Coast 
Guard is currently researching the acceptability of a number of 
flammability tests for upholstered furniture. Research thus far 
indicates that UL 1056 is an acceptable alternative wherever fire 
resistant furnishings are required. UL 1056 is essentially option B of 
CAL TB 133, and it is envisioned that furniture tested to UL 1056 will 
be accepted by the state of California and vice versa, thus reducing 
the burden on industry. Therefore, Sec. 116.423 is amended to allow the 
acceptance of furniture meeting UL 1056 in all accommodation spaces. 
Furniture meeting UL 1056 is also acceptable where fire resistant 
furnishings or furnishings constructed of approved fire resistant 
materials are required.
    Several comments objected to the prohibition of polyurethane foam 
in furniture and furnishings. The Coast Guard agrees that this 
restriction is not necessary and has deleted this requirement from 
Sec. 116.405(k). It is noted that furniture meeting the performance 
criteria in UL 1056 may contain polyurethane foam. Other uses of foams 
will be limited by existing regulations. The requirements in 
Sec. 116.423 for furniture and furnishings have been amended to make 
them consistent with subchapter H requirements.
    Several comments addressed the issue of accepting either small 
scale or large scale test procedures for National Fire Protection 
Association (NFPA) 701 ``Methods of Fire Tests For Flame-Resistant 
Textiles and RM Films.'' Either method is acceptable in light of work 
done by the respective committee to make both methods consistent. 
Section 116.423 is amended to reflect that either the small or large 
scale tests will be acceptable.
    Section 116.425 Deck coverings. One comment asked that the Coast 
Guard reconsider the acceptance of carpets constructed of wool blends 
with synthetics. Subchapter H prohibits the use of carpets that are not 
wool or equivalent in spaces where fire resistant furnishings are 
required. As previously discussed, subchapter K is revised to 

[[Page 872]]
allow the construction of either high risk or low risk accommodation 
spaces corresponding to type 7 and type 5 accommodation spaces in 
subchapter H. Wool or equivalent carpet is still required in low risk 
(type 5) accommodation spaces, and in corridors and stairways. Other 
types of carpeting, including wool blends, may be used in high risk 
(type 7) accommodation spaces.
    Also, to be consistent with the format of subchapter H and guidance 
in NVIC 6-80, the section on rugs and carpets is moved to Sec. 116.423.
    Section 116.427 Fire load of accommodation spaces. Two comments 
asked how to account for interior finish in fire load calculations. One 
comment suggested a new method of calculating fire load that would 
allow the use of wall and surface finishes that are considerably 
thicker than allowed in subchapter H. The Coast Guard has great concern 
about the contribution of combustible wall lining and surface finishing 
materials to a fire in a particular space, and has not relaxed the 
requirement in subchapter K for surface finishes to be approved in 
accordance with Sec. 164.012. Research continues in this area and new 
methods will be introduced when properly researched and validated as to 
the level of safety obtained by the method. As proposed in the SNPRM, 
all combustibles in a space must be included in the fire load 
calculations, including interior finishes.
    Nine comments asked for an option to allow the design of a space 
for a low fire load with an appropriate reduction in structural fire 
protection. The Coast Guard agrees and has amended Sec. 116.427 to 
indicate wherever an accommodation space is a low risk accommodation 
space (see Sec. 114.400 for definition), fire load calculations must be 
submitted to the Marine Safety Center. This section is also amended to 
indicate that where a space is designated as a low risk service space, 
the OCMI may require the submission of fire load calculations to the 
Marine Safety Center. The reason for this change is that amendments to 
the definition of a low risk service space permit certain pantries to 
be considered as low risk service space if the fire load is less than 
15 kilograms per square meter (3 pounds per square foot). When an OCMI 
is concerned that the fire load in a pantry categorized as a low risk 
service space is higher than 15 kilograms per square meter (3 pounds 
per square foot), the OCMI may require the submission of fire load 
calculations. See discussion on Sec. 116.415 for additional information 
regarding the low fire load option.
    One comment suggested that fire load should be calculated on the 
basis of gross deck area without excluding aisles and equipment. Since 
the method of calculation required by this section computes fire load 
by dividing the total weight of combustibles by the total deck area, no 
modifications are required.
    Section 116.433 Window and airports in fire control boundaries. One 
comment concurred with the requirements proposed in this section.
    Two comments questioned the proposed minimum height of 900 
millimeters (3 feet) for the bottom of a window when adjacent to a 
passageway since dinner tables are often installed adjacent to windows 
fitted in the sideshell of the vessel. As noted in the preamble of the 
SNPRM, the intent of this requirement is to prevent people from 
tripping over the frame or lower support structure of a window or 
falling through the glass. Similar land based criteria, found in the 
NFPA Life Safety Code, requires placement of guards at least 1100 
millimeters (42 inches) high in new construction, and 900 millimeters 
(36 inches) high in existing construction. Furthermore, the proposed 
requirement only applies to windows that are installed adjacent to a 
passageway, and the minimum height requirement does not apply if a 
storm rail is installed adjacent to the glass. The proposed requirement 
was not changed.
    Four comments concerned the protection of windows adjacent to an 
embarkation station, escape route, or survival craft storage area. Of 
the four comments, three said that this requirement is not practicable, 
and one said that the requirement should be a minimum. SOLAS requires 
that ``special attention'' be given to windows fitted in similar areas, 
recognizing that the failure of these windows could impede the 
launching or embarkation of life saving appliances. The proposed 
requirement was not changed.
    One comment said that since glazing material in windows accessible 
to passengers and crew should not produce a hazard to passengers and 
crew, the tempered glass required by Sec. 116.433 should be a minimum, 
and that laminated glass should also be accepted. The Coast Guard 
agrees, and Sec. 116.433(a) indicates that either tempered or laminated 
glass is acceptable.
    Section 116.435 Doors. One comment questioned the need for loading 
doors that lead over the side to be fire rated. The Coast Guard's 
position is that a door must maintain the integrity of the barrier. The 
rating of the barrier is determined by the fire hazards within the 
space and the resultant barrier rating determines the rating of the 
opening. The U.S. still continues to specify, prescriptively, 
requirements for doors in each type of division such as is done in this 
section and in Sec. 72.05-25 of subchapter H. The Coast Guard does not 
intend to change these requirements at this time. Research continues on 
determining the hazards associated with exterior doors and openings 
that could allow smoke and flame spread up the outside of the vessel.
    One comment suggested accepting UL rated doors as an alternative to 
the current Coast Guard requirements. The Coast Guard is currently 
researching the acceptance of UL rated doors as an alternative for the 
current requirements. If found satisfactory, the Coast Guard will 
incorporate UL 10B ``Fire Tests of Door Assemblies'' by reference in 
the final rule.
    Section 116.438 Stairtowers, stairways, ladders, and elevators. 
Many comments were received about the proposed requirement in paragraph 
(a) that stairways, stairtowers, ladders, elevators, and landings be 
composed of steel, thus prohibiting the use of a aluminum. The Coast 
Guard agrees that requiring all stairways to be composed of steel may 
be too strict and exceeds the requirements of subchapter H. Subchapter 
H requires that all stairways, ladders, and elevators within main 
machinery spaces and cargo holds be made of steel; stringers, treads, 
platforms, and landings of all stairways, except exterior stairways, be 
of solid steel construction; and risers be of approved noncombustible 
material. The Coast Guard requires steel because it exhibits good fire 
endurance, especially when compared to non-insulated aluminum. Although 
aluminum decks and bulkheads can be insulated to provide adequate fire 
performance, it is impractical to similarly insulate stairways treads 
and support structures. The Coast Guard strongly believes that the need 
to ensure vessel designs provide an adequate means of vertical egress 
is paramount. The integrity of these egress facilities is required for 
both personnel egress and fire fighter access. The Coast Guard has 
revised Sec. 116.438(a) to provide additional guidance and to clarify 
the requirements for stairtower and stairway material requirements and 
to allow the use of noncombustible materials in certain stairway 
designs.
    One comment suggested rewording Sec. 116.438(e) so it would read as 
a positive statement. Paragraph (e) is revised to indicate that curved 
and spiral stairs require specific approval of the Commandant.

[[Page 873]]

    One comment objected to the zero tolerance allowed for the tread 
and the height of riser measurements in an individual flight of stairs. 
The Coast Guard agrees. Section 116.438(f) is revised to allow a 4.8 
millimeter (3/16 inch) variation in the depth of adjacent treads or in 
the height of adjacent risers as allowed in the NFPA Life Safety Code.
    One comment requested that the requirement in proposed 
Sec. 116.438(i) be changed to allow the inclination of stairways to 
exceed 40 degrees for smaller boats. The Coast Guard believes stairways 
with very high inclinations are an undesirable design for escapes 
because they may be unusable to many passengers, including the elderly, 
disabled, those unfamiliar with vessel construction, or those 
disoriented by fire, smoke, or other emergency. However, this paragraph 
was revised to give the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center 
discretion to increase the allowable stairway inclination for 
circumstances that have severe space constraints.
    A few comments suggested that the proposed requirement in 
Sec. 116.438(l) that each main vertical zone have at least one 
stairtower for all persons served in the zone, was too arduous for 
smaller passenger vessels. The Coast Guard strongly believes that the 
need for vertical egress is paramount. However, the Coast Guard 
understands that the formal stairtower requirement may be difficult to 
satisfy when designing smaller passenger vessels. The Coast Guard has 
revised Sec. 116.438(l) to provide alternate stairtower arrangements 
for smaller passenger vessels, similar to existing Coast Guard policy 
in NVIC 8-93, while still maintaining appropriate means of escape.
    Paragraph 116.438(m)(3) is revised to include egress routes to area 
of refuge and make the minimum tread width requirement more practical 
by taking into account the use of excess landing areas and areas of 
refuge to reduce the width of a stairway.
    Section 116.439 Balconies. Two comments were received on this 
section. Each requested a 10% increase in the permissible equivalent 
main vertical zone length over the 40 meters (131 feet) specified in 
proposed Sec. 116.415(d)(1)(i). The Coast Guard does not agree. Current 
shipbuilding practice in the U.S. passenger vessel industry has evolved 
such that many balcony spaces resemble ``two deck atriums,'' where two 
decks of approximately equal size are connected by a relatively small 
opening between the decks. The original intent of the balcony provision 
was to permit a short space that overlooks a larger space, similar to a 
balcony in a movie theater, without imposing additional requirements. 
Section 116.439(c) permits this arrangement without requiring 
additional fire protection measures. When a multilevel space may be 
considered a two deck atrium, additional measures are required to 
maintain the intended level of safety as discussed below.
    Both of the above-mentioned comments also requested the 
consideration of other equivalences such as the acceptance of a 46 
meter (150 foot) main vertical zone for spaces with low fire loads. The 
Coast Guard concurs, and balconies with a main vertical zone length 
greater than allowed by Sec. 116.415(d)(1)(i) will be permitted if a 
sprinkler system is installed. The requirement proposed in the SNPRM 
that the actual length of the space not to exceed the length specified 
by Sec. 116.415(d)(1)(i) is retained.
    As was noted in the SNPRM, the Coast Guard is concerned that this 
provision could be interpreted to allow the joining of two effectively 
separate spaces by small openings. Based on this concern, a requirement 
has been added in Sec. 116.439(e) that where the balcony area is less 
than 93 square meters (1000 square feet), the opening must be protected 
in accordance with the criteria of NFPA 13 ``Standard for the 
Installation of Sprinkler Systems.'' This standard includes 
requirements for draft stops and closely fitted sprinklers around the 
opening.
    Also, the proposed requirement for a smoke detection system in 
balcony areas is withdrawn, since this requirement is in excess of 
SOLAS and subchapter H requirements.
    These changes harmonize the balcony requirements with land based 
criteria and current policy interpretations. These changes also 
harmonize the balcony criteria with chapter II-2 regulation 29.1.1 of 
SOLAS, which permits balcony openings without size restriction where 
both spaces are clearly utilized for the same purpose (e.g., dining or 
gaming).
    Section 116.440 Atriums. Four comments were received on this 
section, each objecting to the proposed requirement for not more than 
7.5 kilograms per square meter (1.5 pounds per square foot) fire load. 
The Coast Guard concurs, and has withdrawn the proposed fire load 
restriction for atriums on vessels with conventional size MVZs.
    This section also proposed a requirement for a smoke detection 
system in an atrium. In vessels with no overnight accommodations, each 
passenger in a large public space, such as an atrium, is effectively a 
``smoke detector,'' and can be expected to report fire or smoke via the 
manual alarm system required by Sec. 118.400(e)(2). Therefore, the 
proposed requirement for smoke detectors in the accommodation space 
containing the atrium is withdrawn for vessels with no overnight 
accommodations. Additionally, an option is added to permit the smoke 
extraction system required by Sec. 116.440(c) to be designed in 
accordance with the principles of NEPA 92B ``Guide for Smoke Management 
Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Areas.''
    One comment stated that a sprinkler system should not be required 
if the space has a very low fire load. The Coast Guard does not concur. 
Deck to deck integrity has long been regarded as one of the primary 
features of the U.S. method of shipboard fire protection. Atriums are 
typically very large public spaces with no deck to deck integrity and a 
very large number of occupants. Additional fire protection is necessary 
to offset the lack of deck to deck integrity and the large number of 
passengers that may be simultaneously exposed to the effects of a fire. 
The Coast Guard does not believe that a low fire load would 
sufficiently offset the potential risk to occupants in the event of a 
fire. Additionally, the NFPA Life Safety Code requires that the entire 
building containing an atrium be protected throughout by an automatic 
sprinkler system. The NFPA Life Safety Code is applicable to land based 
occupied structures, which typically constitute a lesser fire risk than 
ships since occupants can egress to the street in the event of a fire. 
No modifications were made to the regulation based on this comment.
    Paragraph (a) of Sec. 116.440 is amended to reflect current Coast 
Guard policy on atrium construction.
    Sections 116.500 and 177.500 Means of escape. Two comments 
considered the dead-end-passageway limit of 6 meters (20 feet) as being 
too restrictive because it exceeds the requirements of 12 meters (40 
feet) in subchapter H. The Coast Guard disagrees. The Building 
Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA) National 
Building Code/1993 was used as a guide to determine the maximum length 
for dead-end corridors in this subchapter. The limit of 6 meters (20 
feet) is actually less restrictive than the SOLAS 1992 Amendments that 
prohibit a corridor, lobby, or part of a corridor from which there is 
only one route of escape. The proposed limit on dead-end corridor 
lengths is appropriate for vessels 

[[Page 874]]
regulated by subchapter K. No changes have been made to the rule 
proposed in the SNPRM. A separate rulemaking will revise subchapter H 
to remove the allowance for dead end corridors.
    Several comments requested the removal of the 20 meter (65 foot) 
length limit for use of vertical ladders as a means of escape on the 
grounds that vertical means of escape have no relationship with the 
length of the vessel. The Coast Guard disagrees. Ladders leading to 
scuttles are permitted as a means of escape only on vessels of not more 
than 20 meters (65 feet) because of space constraints. Ladders are an 
undesirable method of escape because they are unusable to many 
passengers, including the elderly, the disabled, those unfamiliar with 
vessel construction, or those disoriented by fire, smoke, or other 
emergency. No changes have been made to proposed Secs. 116.500(l)(1) 
and 177.500(k)(1).
    Proposed Sec. 116.500(g) and Sec. 177.500(f) are revised to lower 
the minimum clear opening of a door or passageway for crew use only to 
700 millimeters (28 inches) to be consistent with Sec. 116.438(m).
    A comment asked for clarification of the 3.7 meters (12 feet) 
maximum dimension requirement in proposed Sec. 116.500(q). The 
possibility of a design with long narrow compartments and only one 
means of escape could create a situation during an emergency, such as a 
fire, where obstruction could cause passengers to travel in the wrong 
direction in search of an exit. No changes have been made to this 
paragraph.
    Section 116.520 Emergency evacuation plan. Nine comments were 
received on this section: Two stated that refuge areas should not be 
required on subchapter K vessels, and two stated that this paragraph 
would require two or more main vertical zones (MVZs) on a subchapter K 
vessel.
    The intent of this section is not to require more than one main 
vertical zone on subchapter K vessels. The requirements in 
Secs. 116.520 (a) and (b) to identify possible casualties and 
evacuation procedures in each main vertical zones does not require 
vessels be constructed with multiple MVZs.
    One comment asked that all specific requirements for refuge on 
vessels carrying 1,000 or less passengers be deleted. The Coast Guard 
disagrees. The Coast Guard is concerned with what would happen to the 
passengers if there were no safe refuge area in the event of a fire or 
other casualty. A vessel design that leaves little or no room for 
passengers to escape from a fire in an accommodation space to outside 
portions of the deck or other safe spaces is not prudent.
    Safe areas of assembly for all passengers in the event of a fire 
are specifically addressed in subchapter H with stairtowers and in NVIC 
8-93 with qualified refuge areas. As stated in the preamble to the 
SNPRM, Sec. 116.520 does not specify specific standards for an area of 
refuge. Section 116.520 of subchapter K provides that an area of refuge 
required as part of the emergency evacuation plan must be approved 
during plan review. The intent of Sec. 116.520 is performance based, to 
have vessel owners and designers identify possible casualties and 
design protection measures for refuge areas as appropriate. The 
emergency evacuation plan would identify areas of refuge for all 
passengers in the event of a fire in, or flooding of, any accommodation 
space, and the procedures for abandoning ship. For some vessels the 
emergency evacuation plan would be relatively short. For other vessels 
a substantial document may be required.
    All but one comment said that the proposed requirement for 0.5 
square meters (5 square feet) of deck area per passenger in refuge 
areas was excessive. Comments suggested the following limits (in square 
feet): 2.5 (twice); 2.7 (twice); 3; and 3.5. The Coast Guard concurs 
that 0.5 square meters (5 square feet) per person may be excessive on 
the smaller vessels typically subject to these regulations. This 
section is amended to require a minimum of 300 square millimeters (3 
square feet) per person in refuge areas, which is consistent with the 
NFPA Life Safety Code's requirement for a minimum of 300 square 
millimeters (3 square feet) per person in ``waiting'' areas. The 
proposed requirement in the SNPRM that the deck area criteria apply 
only to ``public spaces'' is deleted. The deck area criteria applies to 
all refuge areas, independent of location.
    Sections 116.600 and 177.600 Ventilation of enclosed and partially 
enclosed spaces. Several comments suggested removing redundant or 
unnecessary ventilation system requirements in proposed Secs. 116.600 
(b) and (e). The Coast Guard agrees and has amended the regulatory text 
for both Secs. 116.600 and 177.600.
    One comment on proposed Sec. 116.600(f) stated that exhaust ducts 
fitted over cooking surfaces in snack bars should be exempted from this 
requirement. The Coast Guard concurs. A land based standard NFPA 96 
``Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial 
Cooking Operations,'' specifically prohibits the installation of a fire 
damper in exhaust ductwork. Therefore, the requirements in 
Secs. 116.600(f) and 177.600(f) have been modified to require that an 
exhaust duct over a cooking appliance must be constructed of steel with 
a minimum thickness of 11 U.S. Standard Gauge. This requirement is 
intended to ensure the integrity of any rated bulkheads penetrated by 
the duct. This modification makes this requirement consistent with 
SOLAS regulation II-2/23.1.8 that requires exhaust ducts from galley 
ranges to be constructed and insulated to A-60 Class construction.
    Two comments on this section disagreed with the prohibition in 
proposed Sec. 116.600(g) of the SNPRM against the installation of 
wiring, piping, or other materials inside of ductwork. The Coast Guard 
agrees, in part. This requirement was added to the SNPRM in response to 
a comment on the NPRM that concerned combustibles installed in 
ductwork. The requirements in Sec. 116.600(g) and Sec. 177.600(g) have 
been modified to indicate that metal piping and electrical wiring 
installed in a metal protective enclosure (conduit) may be installed 
within ventilation ductwork if it does not interfere with the operation 
of fire dampers. The prohibition is retained for exhaust ducts fitted 
over a frying vat or grill.
    Sections 116.710 and 177.710 Overnight accommodations. One comment 
concerned the wording of the regulatory text in Sec. 116.710(b) and 
indicated that the proposed wording was subject to misinterpretation of 
the ``12 hour rule.'' It was noted that frequently a single crew may 
actually be on board longer than 12 hours. The requirement for 
overnight crew accommodations applies to situations where an alternate 
operating crew is on board, and the vessel will be underway more than 
12 hours. The Coast Guard agrees with the recommended clarification, 
and believes that paragraph (a) can stand alone, and paragraph (b) only 
confused the requirement. Paragraph (b) of Sec. 116.710 and 
Sec. 177.710 has been deleted accordingly.
    Sections 116.800 and 177.800 General requirements. One comment to 
Sec. 116.800(d)(1) expressed concern that the wording could be 
interpreted to prohibit lamps and other non-threatening electrical 
equipment. The Coast Guard agrees. The Coast Guard does not intend to 
prohibit non-threatening electrical appliances or amenities for the 
comfort of the passengers in accommodation spaces. The words 
``electrical equipment'' in Secs. 116.800(d) and 177.800(d) have been 
replaced with the words ``electrical generation equipment or 
transformers.''

[[Page 875]]

    Sections 116.820 and 177.820 Seating. A comment was received 
suggesting that, if necessary, the owner should have the option of 
using portable seating to meet the fixed seating criteria of 
Sec. 116.820. The Coast Guard disagrees. Seating is used as one way to 
determine the number of passengers permitted in accordance with 
Sec. 115.113(b)(3) and Sec. 176.113(b)(3) as appropriate. Portable 
seating is not precluded by the regulations. However, 
Sec. 115.113(b)(3) and Sec. 176.113(b)(3) provide three criterion for 
determining passenger capacity based on rail area, deck area, or fixed 
seating. The intent of these regulations is to determine the potential 
passenger capacity for stability purposes. Portable seating can be 
removed permitting a greater number of passengers in a space than may 
be considered in stability calculations. If seating is used to 
determine passenger capacity it should be permanent and remain in place 
during operation. No changes have been made to the rule proposed in the 
SNPRM.
    Sections 116.960 and 177.960 Guards for exposed hazards. One 
comment stated that guards should be installed on all rental houseboat 
propellers in order to prevent injuries from propeller strikes. Under 
the provisions of the Passenger Vessel Safety Act (PVSA) of 1993 (Title 
V of Pub. L. 103-206), certain houseboat-type vessels may come under 
the inspection requirements of subchapter T. The Coast Guard conducted 
a survey of vessels applying for inspection under the PVSA and found 
that rental houseboat operators are choosing to reduce the number of 
passengers carried rather than be subject to inspection. In addition, 
the Coast Guard has no record of fatal casualties on vessels operated 
by licensed masters operating under the authority of their license. No 
changes have been made to the rule proposed in the SNPRM. However, in a 
notice published May 11, 1995 (60 FR 25191), the Coast Guard solicited 
comments from all segments of the marine community and other interested 
persons on various aspects of propeller accident avoidance. Based on 
the public's response to that notice during the 60 day comment period, 
the notice was reopened and the comment period extended to November 7, 
1995 (60 FR 40545). Requirements for propeller guards may be addressed 
in a separate rulemaking at some point in the future.
    Another comment stated that the Coast Guard has ignored two common 
areas of personal injury: First, the comment noted that the Coast 
Guard, unlike the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 
does not require nonslip surfaces on stairways. Second, it suggested 
that open deck hatches should be included as an example of an exposed 
hazard under Secs. 116.960 and 177.960 and require a guard. The Coast 
Guard understands the comments concerning personal injury. However, it 
believes that further study is needed in the areas of nonslip surfaces 
and open hatch protection before requirements are promulgated. The 
Coast Guard solicits input on the need to incorporate existing 
standards, or develop performance based standards for nonslip surfaces 
and open hatch protection aboard vessels.
    Sections 116.1010 and 177.1010 Safety glazing materials. One 
comment stated that glazing materials used on windows accessible to 
passengers and crew should not break on contact and should not break 
into shards. The Coast Guard agrees that all windows to which 
passengers and crew have access should be of appropriate material to 
prevent injury due to breakage. No significant changes have been made 
to the requirement proposed in the SNPRM.
    Section 116.1160 Watertight integrity. One comment noted that 
coamings should be eliminated on protected routes to meet the 
affirmative requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). 
The Coast Guard notes that the application of the ADA to the passenger 
vessel industry is still under study by the John A. Volpe National 
Transportation Systems Center. It is not possible to fully assess the 
need for reduced coamings or other measures until the study is 
complete. It should be noted coamings are not required on flush deck 
vessels on protected routes; however, coamings are required for a 
cockpit or well. The coaming requirement is unchanged, but may be 
revised at a later date.
3. Parts 117 and 180--Lifesaving Equipment and Arrangements
    The comments on these parts, which apply to both subchapter K and 
subchapter T respectively, focused on the proposed requirement to 
upgrade primary lifesaving equipment, including a requirement for 
vessels on certain routes to install inflatable primary lifesaving 
devices. While the comments generally supported the Coast Guard's 
consideration of vessel route and water temperature in establishing 
lifesaving equipment requirements, there was concern with both the 
initial and the required annual inspection costs of inflatable devices. 
Also, the comments noted that the casualty data, especially in warm 
water, did not support such a costly upgrade. Citing the Coast Guard's 
own lifesaving study, and even adding in the fatalities of the recent 
EL TORO II casualty, the comments correctly stated that less than one 
life per year was lost due to hypothermia on inspected small passenger 
vessels over the past twenty years.
    The Coast Guard appreciates the high cost of upgrading this 
equipment, but considers the present level of primary lifesaving 
equipment to be inadequate, particularly for wood vessels in cold water 
( 15 degrees Celsius). Wooden vessels make up 24% of the 
inspected small passenger vessel fleet yet account for over 90% of the 
casualties involving a loss of life or the loss of the vessel. Over 40% 
of these casualties involved hull failures on wooden vessels not 
required to be subdivided by watertight bulkheads. Because of the 
disproportionate number of casualties involving wooden vessels without 
watertight bulkheads, the Coast Guard has established a construction 
equivalency for small wooden vessels operating in cold water. Wooden 
vessels not more than 65 feet, and carrying not more than 49 passengers 
built after March 11, 2001, must meet the subdivision requirements 
contained in part 179 of subchapter T. Wooden vessels not more than 65 
feet, and carrying not more than 49 passengers built prior to March 11, 
1996, operating in cold water must either meet a modified subdivision 
standard using existing bulkheads or carry increased survival craft 
after March 11, 2001. Wooden vessels not more than 65 feet, and 
carrying not more than 49 passengers built between March 11, 1996, and 
March 11, 2001, have the option of meeting the modified subdivision 
standard or carrying increased survival craft upon certification of the 
vessel. The Coast Guard developed the optional modified subdivision 
standard for existing vessels to reduce the cost of compliance to the 
small vessel owner/operator. The Coast Guard believes that most 
existing vessels have bulkheads that can be made watertight in 
machinery and steering gear spaces. During the development of the 
construction equivalency, the Coast Guard contacted small passenger 
vessel organizations for their input and comments. The individuals 
contacted believed that providing options for the owners and operators 
of existing wooden vessels was better than just increasing survival 
craft requirements across the board. The Coast Guard solicits comments 
on the construction equivalency for wooden vessels.
    Overall, the Coast Guard believes the upgrading of primary 
lifesaving 

[[Page 876]]
equipment is considered necessary to address the effects of hypothermia 
and exposure not envisioned by the original regulations; however, the 
Coast Guard reexamined the extent to which survival craft requirements 
should be increased from existing standards.
    Based upon a review of comments and sinking casualties over the 
past twenty years, the survival craft requirements of parts 117 and 180 
have been reduced in most cases from those proposed in the SNPRM. The 
Coast Guard considered other requirements within this rule, such as 
EPIRBs, fixed firefighting and detection systems, bilge alarms, and 
optional or required subdivision standards. All of these features make 
up an entire vessel safety system designed to reduce the risk of a 
vessel loss and shorten emergency response time. In addition, based on 
reconsideration of the overload capacity of an inflatable buoyant 
apparatus (IBA), fewer IBA's are needed to safely accommodate the total 
number of persons on board certain vessels.
    The Coast Guard has also reduced the survival craft requirements 
for vessels fitting into the K category (Over 600 passengers, or over 
150 overnight passengers, or over 200 feet in length). The requirements 
proposed in the SNPRM for these vessels to comply with the lifesaving 
equipment regulations contained in part 75 of subchapter H has been 
removed. The Coast Guard believes that the requirements contained in 
part 117 of subchapter K properly focus survival craft requirements to 
high capacity small passenger vessels.
    Several comments stated that the one mile survival craft exemption 
should be increased up to five miles. The Coast Guard partially agrees 
and has provided reduced survival craft requirements for vessels 
operating within three miles of the coast that meet either subdivision 
or EPIRB requirements. The one mile exemption still exists with 
permission from the OCMI for vessels operating on the Great Lakes. The 
one mile exemption also applies to vessels operating on lakes, bays, 
and sounds, and rivers routes. The OCMI may also allow further 
reductions in survival craft to vessels operating on set schedules with 
strict communications requirements.
    Overall, the Coast Guard believes these revisions better match the 
requirements for primary lifesaving equipment to casualty data and the 
perceived increased risk due to the scope of a vessel's operation and 
number of passengers carried. In order to simplify interpretation, the 
format of tables 117.200(c) and 180.200(c) is changed to align survival 
craft requirements with routes currently specified on a vessel's 
Certificates of Inspection.
    In addition to liferaft requirements, several comments addressed 
other sections within parts 117 and 180. These included:
    Sections 117.68 and 180.68 Distress flares and smoke signals. Three 
comments stated the proposed requirement for a Coast Guard approved 
waterproof container for distress signals was too restrictive, and that 
pyrotechnics manufacturers provide a variety of waterproof containers 
for their products.
    The Coast Guard agrees and has removed the requirement that the 
container be Coast Guard approved; however, the proposed container 
marking requirements are retained in new Secs. 122.614 and 185.614.
    Sections 117.71 and 180.71 Life jackets. The comments to these 
sections expressed concern that the use of cork and balsa wood 
lifejackets would be discontinued without a phase out period. Their 
concern focused on the economic impact to vessels that still carry this 
type of lifejacket.
    The Coast Guard agrees and has placed a three-year-phase-out period 
in new paragraph (d) of Secs. 117.71 and 180.71. The Coast Guard will 
encourage owners to retire a certain percentage of lifejackets annually 
in order to meet the three-year deadline and reduce economic impact.
    Sections 117.175 and 180.175 Survival craft equipment. One comment 
stated that the liferaft equipment pack designators ``limited service'' 
and ``ocean service'' should be deleted because they are outdated and 
have been superseded by SOLAS compatible standards found in 46 CFR 
160.151.
    The Coast Guard agrees and has removed references to Sec. 160.051 
from this rulemaking in favor of the updated approval found in 
Sec. 160.151.
4. Parts 118 and 181--Fire Protection Equipment
    The comments on these parts, which apply to both subchapter K and 
subchapter T respectively, focused on automatic main engine shutdowns 
associated with certain fixed fire extinguishing systems.
    Over 25 comments expressed concern that the operator would not be 
in complete control of the vessel in an emergency; especially if a 
vessel was operating in a high traffic seaway. Even those in favor of 
fixed fire extinguishing systems indicated they would rather have a 
fire alarm or indicator at the operating station get their attention 
first, and allow them to assess their operational situation before the 
system is actuated. Many had little faith in automatic devices that 
could render the vessel helpless in the case of malfunction.
    The Coast Guard believes that clarification of the fixed fire 
extinguishing system requirements is needed. Above all, the operator of 
a vessel required to install a fixed fire extinguishing system has 
alternatives when choosing a system. If an operator desires to be 
alerted to a potential fire prior to a fixed system discharge, a 
manually activated fixed fire extinguishing system with a fire 
detection system is the most likely choice. If, on the other hand, an 
operator prefers to have a fully automatic fixed fire extinguishing 
system, that is also acceptable. Regardless of the system type, the 
automatic shutdown of propulsion machinery and mechanical ventilation 
serving the protected space is required when the system is activated to 
prevent the depletion of the extinguishing agent and to stop the flow 
of fuel or lubricating oil that is a likely source of the fire.
    The automatic engine and ventilation shutdown requirements for 
fixed fire extinguishing system installations in machinery spaces are 
not new and are existing requirements for inspected vessels over 100 
gross tons. Further, existing fixed fire extinguishing systems aboard 
vessels have an automatic shutdown feature unless the OCMI granted an 
exemption for vessels operating in white water or hazardous bar 
locations.
    Eleven comments stated that fixed fire extinguishing systems should 
not be required on diesel-propelled vessels. Based upon these comments 
the Coast Guard conducted an extensive review of fires reported on 
inspected small passenger vessels over the last 12 years. The review 
found that 67% of the 157 fires reported started in the engineroom. Of 
the 105 engineroom fires, 98% of the fires occurred on diesel-powered 
vessels. Based on this review, no change is made to the rule proposed 
in the SNPRM.
    The Coast Guard noted that, under certain circumstances, the 
installation of a portable carbon dioxide fire extinguisher as a fixed 
extinguisher, as allowed by existing Sec. 181.20-5(b), was effective in 
combating engineroom fires. Thus, the Coast Guard has reconsidered the 
rule proposed in the SNPRM, and will allow the installation of a 
portable carbon dioxide fire extinguisher as a substitute for a fixed 
system where the amount of carbon dioxide required in a fixed system 
can be supplied by a 

[[Page 877]]
portable or semi-portable extinguisher. The Coast Guard believes that 
smaller vessels and vessels with small compartments requiring fixed 
fire protection will benefit most from reinstating this option.
    Additonal comments to Parts 118 and 181 identified other areas 
besides engine shutdowns and the need for fixed fire extinguishing 
systems that required a response from the Coast Guard. These include:
    Section 118.300 Fire pumps. Two comments stated that pitot tube 
pressure readings should be taken from a fire hose combination nozzle 
in the solid stream position. The Coast Guard disagrees. Combination 
nozzles should not be used when determining pitot tube pressure because 
turbulence within the nozzle will result in an inaccurate reading. 
Smooth bore nozzles are best suited for determining pitot tube 
pressure.
    Sections 118.300 and 181.300 Fire pumps. Several comments objected 
to the proposed requirement that the fire pump be capable of remote 
operation from the bridge. The comments stated that eye-to-eye contact 
between the nozzle operator and the master was required for safety 
reasons. The Coast Guard disagrees. Having the ability to start the 
fire pump remotely gives the master of the vessel more options with the 
use of his or her crew during an emergency. Proper hose handling and 
communication between the crew on scene and the bridge will 
considerably reduce any danger associated with remotely starting the 
pump.
    One comment stated that having the fire pump driven off a 
propulsion engine is fine until the fixed fire extinguishing system is 
activated and shuts down the engine. The comment went on to state that 
a propulsion engine that drives a fire pump should be required to draw 
its air from outside the space protected, or have a second power source 
or pump provided. The Coast Guard agrees with the intent of the 
comment; however, as stated previously, the owner or master has options 
when selecting a fixed fire extinguishing system. Over 60% of the small 
passenger vessel fleet is made up of vessels that do not require a fire 
pump because of their small size and passenger capacity. For this type 
of vessel, an automatically activated system will tend to be installed 
as the primary method for extinguishing a machinery space fire. On the 
other hand, larger vessels with larger machinery spaces tend to rely 
upon the fixed fire extinguishing system as a last chance to save the 
vessel once portable extinguishers and fire main resources have failed. 
The Coast Guard believes that the concerns expressed in the comment are 
valid, and that owners and operators of vessels required to have fixed 
fire extinguishing systems should consider these factors when selecting 
a system.
    Sections 118.320 and 181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles. Two comments 
stated that consideration should be given to UL approved polycarbonate 
nozzles for marine applications. The Coast Guard disagrees. As stated 
in the SNPRM preamble, polycarbonate nozzles have not been shown to 
have the same corrosion resistance and fire safety properties as brass 
when used in a marine environment. Further, these nozzles are not 
tested to marine environment standards. The Coast Guard is considering 
adopting ASTM Standard F1456 ``Standard Specification for Fire Hose 
Nozzles'' as an alternative to Sec. 160.027 of this chapter in order to 
give the industry more options when choosing fire hose nozzles.
    Three comments asked if a four foot applicator is required with the 
fire hose nozzle approved under Sec. 160.027 of this chapter. The 
applicator is required as part of the combination nozzle's approval 
under Sec. 160.027 of this chapter. However, the Coast Guard has 
accepted a different style of nozzle available without an applicator as 
equivalent to the nozzle approved under Sec. 160.027 of this chapter. 
In order to clarify the alternatives available, Sec. 118.320 is amended 
to include a reference to nozzles specifically approved by the 
Commandant.
    Sections 118.400 and 181.400 Fixed fire extinguishing and detecting 
systems when required. References to ``Halon'' and ``carbon dioxide'' 
have been deleted from the text. This change reflects the development 
of alternative fire extinguishing gases, new guidance from the U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Significant New Alternatives 
Policy (SNAP) List, new guidance from the National Fire Protection 
Association (NFPA 2001 ``Clean Agent Systems'') and the 1994 cessation 
of production of new Halon. Guidelines for the application of 
alternative gases are under development at the International Maritime 
Organization (IMO). Commandant (G-MMS-4) will develop similar guidance 
for approval of fixed gas fire extinguishing systems employing gases 
other than Halon or carbon dioxide. Alternate gases may include 
halocarbons or mixtures of inert gases.
    Additionally, this section is revised to indicate that other types 
of fire extinguishing systems may be approved by the Commandant. For 
example, guidelines for use of water mist fire extinguishing systems 
were recently developed by the International Maritime Organization 
(Maritime Safety Committee, 64th session, Draft Guidelines for Approval 
of Equivalent Fire Extinguishing Systems as Referred to in SOLAS 74 for 
Machinery Spaces and Cargo Pump Rooms). It is likely that following 
finalization at IMO, the Commandant will accept water mist and other 
systems for application on U.S. flag vessels.
    Two comments stated that areas with large numbers of people in them 
should not need smoke detectors as proposed in Sec. 118.400(e) because 
passengers act as smoke detectors.
    The Coast Guard agrees. Existing Coast Guard guidance contained in 
MTH PFM 1-94, for vessels without overnight passenger or crew 
accommodations, allows public spaces that are assumed to be occupied by 
a large number of people to only be served by a manual fire alarm. This 
exemption has been added to the IFR.
    Two commenters stated that the fixed fire extinguishing system 
requirement for storerooms containing liquor of 80 proof or higher was 
excessive. The Coast Guard partially agrees. The blanket requirement to 
have all liquor storage lockers containing liquors of 80 proof or 
higher protected by a fixed fire extinguishing system is revised to 
include a container volume limit. The volume limit is based on the 
National Fire Protection Association's Flammable and Combustible 
Liquids Code (NFPA 30) which provides guidance on container and 
portable tank storage. For flammable liquids with a flash point below 
22.8 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit) and a boiling point above 
37.8 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit), glass containers are 
limited to 0.946 liters (one quart) capacity, metal containers are 
limited to 18.9 liters (five gallon) capacity, and Department of 
Transportation Type III non-reusable polyethylene containers are 
limited to 9.5 liters (2.5 gallons). The Distilled Spirits Council of 
the United States reports in its Recommended Fire Protection Practices 
for Distilled Spirits Beverage Facilities that liquors of 80 proof have 
a Tag Closed Cup flash point of 26.1 degrees Celsius (79 degrees 
Fahrenheit). The Coast Guard believes that a two and one half gallon 
limit on individual container capacity meets the intent of NFPA's 
nationally recognized practice. This provision is added to the IFR.
    Sections 118.410 and 181.410 Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems. 
Citing space limitations, a few comments stated the storage cylinders 
for fixed fire 

[[Page 878]]
extinguishing systems should be able to be located within the space 
protected.
    This installation method was already allowed in the SNPRM for 
spaces less than 170 cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet); however, 
automatic operation by a heat actuator is required in addition to 
manual operation. Activation due to heat prevents the storage cylinders 
from overheating and not functioning as designed.
    Four comments expressed confusion over the installation pressure 
test required for Halon systems in paragraph (d)(8). Their main concern 
was how to heat the piping between the storage cylinders and the 
manifold stop valve to 54.4 degrees Celsius (130 degrees Fahrenheit) 
for the test.
    The Coast Guard attempted to explain in the SNPRM that it was not 
the intent of the proposed requirement to heat the piping. To avoid 
further confusion, paragraph (d)(8) is revised to indicate that the 
piping between the storage cylinders and the manifold stop valve must 
be tested for leaks at 4,136.4 kPa (600 psi).
5. Parts 119 and 182--Machinery Installation
    The 95 comments on these parts, applying to both subchapter K and 
subchapter T, focused on the requirement for diesel engines of over 300 
horsepower to be equipped with overspeed trips that would automatically 
shut down the engines.
    The comments noted that casualty data did not support the added 
cost of this installation. Further, the comments opposed any 
requirement that would take engine control away from the operator, such 
as would be the case with automatic overspeed trips. Some operators 
were concerned that vessels transiting busy fairways with heavy vessel 
traffic or tricky offshore inlet approaches could lose main propulsion 
unexpectedly during critical maneuvers. Others indicated that they 
wanted the operator to always have complete control and decision making 
power in the event of a casualty or other circumstance. This would 
allow a decision to run a diesel engine and get passengers to safety 
quickly, rather than automatically shut it down and be ``dead in the 
water.'' However, one comment stated that the overspeed trip 
requirement should be retained because of the risk to personnel 
associated with the destructive force of an overspeeding engine.
    The intent of this proposed requirement was to provide a speed 
limiting device, independent of the engine's operating governor, to 
prevent the engines from overspeeding and flying apart. The requirement 
for overspeed trips on diesel engines was based on existing 
classification society standards that are routinely applied to all 
other Coast Guard regulated vessels except passenger vessels less than 
100 gross tons.
    The Coast Guard disagrees with the reasoning that an overspeeding 
engine can be controlled by the operator in an emergency situation; 
however, the Coast Guard agrees that the available casualty data does 
not support the need for these devices. Based upon the comments, the 
Coast Guard contacted diesel engine manufacturers and found that modern 
variable speed operating governors are designed to prevent the engine 
from overspeeding by sensing and compensating for sudden ``no load'' 
conditions, such as the loss of a propeller or associated shafting. The 
manufacturers also stated that governor failures are rare due to the 
high factors of safety built into the devices. However, the 
manufacturers indicated that overspeed trips are standard equipment on 
marine diesel engines in the 600 to 800 horsepower range in order to 
protect the engines from damage that could result in an overspeed 
condition. Therefore, based upon the lack of casualties involving 
diesel engine overspeeding and modern governor technology, the Coast 
Guard considers this requirement an unjustified burden on the small 
passenger vessel industry. The proposed requirement for installation of 
overspeed trips on diesel engines of over 300 horsepower has been 
deleted from both subchapter K and subchapter T.
    Other comments on these sections addressed areas such as water 
heaters, keel cooler installations, the acceptance of aluminum, 
aluminum fuel piping, fuel tank vent installations, and ventilation of 
spaces containing diesel machinery. These include:
    Sections 119.320 and 182.320 Water heaters. One comment stated, ``A 
wise old man once told me that hot water does not need to be heated.'' 
The Coast Guard agrees that the use of the word ``hot'' in conjunction 
with water heaters is superfluous and has removed all references to 
``hot'' from these sections.
    Sections 119.422 and 182.422 Keel and grid cooler installations. 
Four comments stated that isolation valves should not be required on 
keel cooler installations that are integral to the hull and of the same 
material and thickness as the hull. The Coast Guard agrees and has 
revised these sections to incorporate current policy on integral keel 
and grid cooler installations.
    Sections 119.430 and 182.430 Engine exhaust pipe installation. 
Comments from aluminum boat builders stated that a wet exhaust pipe has 
been allowed to be welded to an aluminum bulkhead for years, and that 
this practice should continue to be allowed. The intent of these 
regulations was not to discontinue the practice of welding exhaust 
lines to aluminum bulkheads. The wording of these sections is changed 
to allow welding to bulkheads of steel or equivalent materials.
    Sections 119.450 and 182.450 Vent pipes for fuel tanks. One comment 
stated that fuel tank vent lines should be installed to gradient upward 
to prevent fuel from being trapped in the line. The Coast Guard agrees 
and has added this language to both sections.
    Sections 119.455 and 182.455 Fuel piping. Comments from aluminum 
boat builders stated that aluminum fuel piping in machinery spaces was 
allowed in the past, and this practice should continue. The Coast Guard 
agrees. In comments on the SNPRM the Marine Safety Center stated that 
their policy allows aluminum fuel piping of at least Schedule 80 wall 
thickness in the machinery spaces of aluminum vessels. This policy is 
incorporated into both sections.
    Sections 119.465 and 182.465 Ventilation of spaces containing 
diesel machinery. Several comments stated that a ventilation duct 
extending to the bilge is not needed in spaces containing diesel 
machinery. The reasoning ranged from the relative stability of diesel 
fuel versus gasoline to mechanical and turbo charger created air flow 
through the space. One comment suggested removing the ventilation duct 
requirement where forced ventilation can provide 5 air changes in one 
minute. The Coast Guard agrees that a duct extending to the bilge level 
in a space containing diesel machinery is unnecessary. The 
characteristics of diesel fuel fumes that may be found in the machinery 
space bilges do not present the same fire and explosion hazards as 
gasoline or other fuels having a flashpoint below 43.3 degrees Celsius 
(110 degrees Fahrenheit). The proposed requirement to have a 
ventilation duct extend to the bilge in a space containing diesel 
machinery has been removed from subchapters K and T.
    Sections 119.530 and 182.530 Bilge level alarms. Based upon 
recommendations from the Coast Guard and NTSB concerning recent 
flooding casualties of inspected small passenger vessels, including the 
M/V DOLPHIN EXPRESS and EL TORO II, the Coast Guard has increased the 
number and type of spaces required to have a bilge 

[[Page 879]]
high level alarm installed. A phase-in period is allowed for existing 
vessels to meet this requirement. The Coast Guard believes that bilge 
high level alarms are an important part of a vessel's total safety 
system and has reduced primary lifesaving requirements on most vessels 
because of this. Early detection of a flooding problem allows the 
master more time to react and possibly correct or repair the problem. 
The Coast Guard solicits comments on these additional requirements.
6. Parts 120 and 183--Electrical Installation
    The comments received on these parts, applying to both subchapter K 
and subchapter T vessels, focused on the proposed requirement for 
grounding of dual voltage generators. One comment stated that Coast 
Guard personnel ``hit the panic button'' when they see an indication of 
a ground at the neutral bus, and that it is much easier to get approval 
for a floating neutral system. The comment went on to state that it 
should be up to the owner to decide which type of system to use.
    The Coast Guard does not agree with industry comments concerning 
dual voltage systems; however, the Coast Guard does feel that this 
requirement should be clarified. The intent of this provision is to 
require that all dual voltage systems be of the grounded type. The 
language of these sections is changed to clarify that the current-
carrying neutral bus must be connected to ground. This is consistent 
with the Coast Guard's definition of a grounded distribution system in 
subchapter J of Title 46 CFR.
    On the same topic of grounding electrical systems, one comment 
stated that the requirements in Secs. 120.370 and 183.370 of 
subchapters K and T respectively, should be broken into three sections 
to address general grounding requirements; equipment and conductor 
grounding; and grounded distribution systems. The Coast Guard agrees 
and has created two new sections in each subchapter (Secs. 120.372, 
120.376, 183.372 and 183.376) to accommodate the revisions. No 
substantial changes have been made to the content of the sections 
proposed in the SNPRM.
    The same comment stated that the performance standard for the 
design of an interlock for distribution panels and switchboards in 
Secs. 120.330 and 183.330 was unattainable, and that the proposed 
requirement was more applicable to motor controllers. The comment also 
stated that most motor controllers are fitted with an acceptable 
interlock to prevent the controller door from opening if the controller 
is energized. The Coast Guard agrees and has removed the proposed 
performance standard in Secs. 120.330(j) and 183.330(j) from the IFR.
7. Parts 121 and 184--Miscellaneous Systems and Equipment
    The comments received on these parts, applying to subchapter K and 
subchapter T respectively, focused on the prohibition of open flame 
cooking equipment, carriage of nautical publications, posting of 
emergency placards, and the expense of Coast Guard approved first aid 
kits.
    Sections 121.202 and 184.202  Restrictions. The comments noted the 
extensive and common use of the product SternoTM for food 
preparation in the dinner cruise industry. They considered it perfectly 
safe in the supervised context of food preparation, and asked that it 
not be prohibited.
    The Coast Guard is well aware that SternoTM is used in food 
preparation, and did not intend to prohibit its use. The Coast Guard is 
more concerned about the storage of excessive amounts of this product, 
due to the potential fire hazard. This section is revised to clarify 
the intent of this requirement, and allow the continued use of 
SternoTM for supervised food preparation and serving.
    Sections 121.420 and 184.420  Charts and nautical publications. In 
addition, numerous comments criticized the proposed requirement for 
carriage of nautical publications since operators are familiar with the 
local waters in which they work daily. The Coast Guard partially 
agrees. The Coast Guard's intent for these sections was to require on 
board reference material for the safe navigation of the vessel. The 
Coast Guard understands that a vessel operating on a small protected 
body of water or on a short scheduled run will require less 
navigational information than a vessel operating on a large sound. This 
is why the Coast Guard used the term ``as appropriate for the intended 
voyage.'' Based upon several comments, this section is revised to allow 
local tide and current tables to be substituted for those published 
specifically by the National Ocean Service. Relevant extracts from 
publications may be used to meet the requirements of these sections; it 
is not necessary to have a complete publication on board.
    Sections 121.506 and 184.506  Emergency broadcast placard. A few 
comments stated this placard was unnecessary since the master, and in 
some cases senior deckhands, are required to be licensed by the Federal 
Communications Commission (FCC). The Coast Guard disagrees. In an 
emergency, the stress, fear, and anxiety of the moment could, and has, 
caused individuals to forget critical information during a broadcast. 
The Coast Guard believes that placards serve a vital purpose as a quick 
reference and reminder to the master and crew. However, the Coast Guard 
removed the prescriptive language from these sections, and relocated it 
to new Secs. 121.510 and 184.510 as recommended language. This will 
allow the master of the vessel to develop appropriate emergency 
broadcast instructions.
    Sections 121.710 and 184.710 First aid kits. Comments criticized 
Coast Guard approved first aid kits as too expensive and unnecessary on 
small passenger vessels. The Coast Guard believes that first aid kits 
are necessary on small passenger vessels to provide satisfactory 
treatment of small injuries and initial treatment of more severe 
injuries requiring professional medical treatment. The proposed 
requirement in the SNPRM did not require a Coast Guard approved first 
aid kit. An equivalent kit is allowed as long as it contains equivalent 
contents and instructions, and is marked ``First Aid Kit''. A minor 
change is made to these sections to better clarify the requirements.
8. Parts 122 and 185--Operations
    These parts, which apply to both subchapter K and subchapter T 
vessels respectively, also generated a substantial amount of public 
comment. The focus of the 158 comments received criticized the overly 
prescriptive language used to regulate licensed operators and their 
crew. The comments focused on the following sections: Navigation 
underway; Passengers excluded from the operating station; Loading 
doors; Crew training; Crew and passenger list and voyage plan; 
Passenger count; Passenger safety orientation; Wearing of lifejackets; 
Emergency instructions; Emergency instruction placard format; and 
Abandon ship, Man overboard, and Fire drills.
    The Coast Guard agrees with the comments that much of the language 
in these parts was overly prescriptive, and has revised the language in 
these sections to reflect those comments. In addition, changes to the 
casualty reporting requirements have required further revision to these 
sections. The changes include:
    Sections 122.202 and 185.202  Notice of casualty. These sections 
are updated to be consistent with a revision to 46 CFR Part 4, 
published on August 3, 1994 [59 FR 39469]. As a result of the 

[[Page 880]]
update, the requirements in 33 CFR 160.216 for reporting hazardous 
conditions have been reprinted in new Secs. 122.203 and 185.203 to 
provide complete guidance to the owner or operator in one set of 
regulations.
    Sections 122.304 and 185.304  Navigation underway. This section was 
severely criticized as an effort to deliberately take away the common 
sense and judgment of licensed operators. These proposed sections were 
adopted from the navigation regulations for vessels of 1,600 gross tons 
or more, operating on the navigable waters of the U.S. Additionally, it 
responded to an NTSB recommendation following the PILGRIM BELLE 
casualty. Although this language has been used for some time, small 
passenger vessel operators would not necessarily be familiar with these 
regulations. These sections are valid reference sources that outline 
what is considered safe navigation by professional mariners. However, 
their applicability may vary depending on the vessel size and service. 
Therefore, these sections have been revised and condensed to a more 
general outline of navigational considerations that are intended as a 
quick reference for small vessel operators who have not received more 
formal training associated with unlimited deck licenses.
    Section 122.306  Passengers excluded from the operating station. 
The comments to this section expressed concern that the master had no 
options to allow passengers to visit the wheelhouse. Some operations 
consider allowing a small number of passengers in the wheelhouse a good 
public relations tool that adds to the enjoyment of the cruise. The 
Coast Guard agrees that the master should have discretion as to whether 
passengers are allowed in the wheelhouse. The revised language to this 
section provides the master of the vessel with an option to clear the 
operating station when passengers may distract the navigating crew from 
their responsibilities.
    Sections 122.335 and 185.335  Loading doors. This section, which 
was incorporated into existing subchapter T in December 1992, has its 
origin in the HERALD OF FREE ENTERPRISE ferry accident. Although 
closure of loading doors underway is valid, the types of vessels in the 
domestic small passenger fleet are distinctly different in both design 
and service to the English Channel ferry that spawned this regulation. 
This section is revised in the IFR, and the language eased to allow 
doors other than bow visors to be open at the discretion and judgment 
of the operator in protected and partially protected waters. The 
requirement for logbook entries is removed based on its limited safety 
value.
    Sections 122.420 and 185.420 Crew training. These sections were 
criticized as too restrictive and the comments stated that 
establishment of training schedules should be the responsibility of the 
master of the vessel. The Coast Guard partially agrees with the 
comments. The Coast Guard believes that training crew members to 
respond to emergency situations is of paramount importance to vessels 
operating with passengers on board. However, the Coast Guard recognizes 
the reality of a part-time, high-turn over workforce. The requirement 
to provide training to a crew member when first hired and prior to 
working on a vessel for the first time is not changed from that 
proposed in the SNPRM. The requirement for bimonthly follow-up training 
is revised to require training at least quarterly. This will allow the 
operator of the vessel to schedule training for all crew members, 
including steward and galley staff within a three month time period.
    The Coast Guard has also added a requirement to log or otherwise 
document required drills and crew training. Documenting drills and 
training serves two distinct purposes. First, documenting drills allows 
the master, or person in charge of the vessel, to maintain a record of 
drills conducted to better focus future training needs. Second, the 
documentation of drills and training provides the Coast Guard inspector 
with a quick means to determine compliance with the regulations. The 
Coast Guard believes that this new requirement will impose little 
burden to the industry because professional operations with established 
training programs already maintain records. The Coast Guard solicits 
input from the industry on the value and impact of this new 
recordkeeping requirement.
    Sections 122.502 and 185.502 Crew and passenger list and voyage 
plan. This section is revised to ease the costly requirement for 
passenger lists required by 46 USC 3502. The Coast Guard has reexamined 
the language of this statute, and revised these sections by 
interpreting coastwise trade as meaning a vessel that operates 
overnight, or embarks or debarks passengers to another vessel or at a 
port other than at the port where the voyage originated. This 
interpretation of coastwise trade relieves vessels operating beyond the 
Boundary Line from one port and returning to that same port, on the 
same day, without stopping over at another location from the 
requirement to maintain a list of all passengers on board. The Coast 
Guard also eased the requirements by which the passenger list is left 
ashore. The vessel operator now has the option of verbal or written 
communication of the list to a shoreside berth or representative of the 
vessel.
    The requirements for a voyage plan have been moved to Secs. 122.503 
and 185.503 in order to retain the applicability found in the SNPRM. 
The voyage plan will still apply to vessels making an ocean or 
coastwise voyage and certain Great Lakes voyages. The voyage plan was 
criticized for being too restrictive by not allowing operators to 
improvise when searching for fish or whales. It was not the Coast 
Guard's intention nor was it implied in the SNPRM that a voyage plan be 
so detailed as to restrict a vessel's operation. A voyage plan need 
only be a general area of operation while underway, and an estimated 
time of return. The Coast Guard's position on the need for voyage plans 
has not changed from the SNPRM.
    Sections 122.504 and 185.504 Passenger count. Although this 
section, which in the SNPRM applied only to vessels on Lakes, Bays, and 
Sounds, and Rivers routes, received similar comments as the passenger 
list requirements, these counts serve a real purpose in Coast Guard 
Search and Rescue Operations. The first thing On-Scene Coordinators do 
is determine how many persons they are looking for or ascertaining that 
all persons have been located at the scene of the casualty. This was 
the case as recently as the EL TORO II casualty of December 1993. The 
requirement has therefore been retained in the IFR, but the language 
eased to additionally allow for verbal communication of the required 
count to a representative of the owner or operator, rather than 
``deposited ashore in a well marked location'' as originally written in 
the SNPRM. The intention is that someone associated with the vessel 
operation, other than those aboard, have passenger count information 
available that can be relayed to the Coast Guard when necessary.
    Section 122.506 and 185.506 Passenger safety orientation. Several 
comments to these sections stated that an extensive pre-departure 
announcement would invoke an uneasiness among passengers. The Coast 
Guard believes that a pre-departure announcement is required to reduce 
confusion and fear in passengers when an emergency situation does 
develop. However, these sections have been revised to reduce the amount 
of information required to be passed to the passengers. Through 
increased crew training requirements, vessel personnel will be better 
able to control and direct 

[[Page 881]]
passengers during an emergency. The requirement to provide a lifejacket 
donning demonstration has been revised to allow the master to make an 
announcement that any passengers wishing instruction on proper 
lifejacket donning techniques can contact a crewmember for a 
demonstration.
    The abbreviated announcement is retained as an alternative to the 
full-length announcement. The Coast Guard believes that the abbreviated 
announcement and safety placard are better suited to vehicle and other 
ferry type operations where safety demonstrations are impractical and 
passengers may be located in their vehicles away from passenger areas.
    Overall, these sections now closer resemble the existing 
requirement in Sec. 185.25(d), which satisfies several comments stating 
that the existing wording should be retained.
    Sections 122.508 and 185.508 Wearing of Lifejackets. The intent of 
this section was to raise the sensitivity of the master with regard to 
donning of lifejackets, and raise the priority of donning lifejackets 
in certain hazardous and deteriorating operating conditions. The 
comments received on this section were focused on paragraph (c), which 
permitted passengers and crew to don lifejackets whenever desired. The 
Coast Guard agrees with comments received that required lifejackets are 
part of the vessel's emergency gear, and should not be compromised by 
allowing passengers to don them in other than master directed 
circumstances. The text in this section is revised to reflect the 
discretion and judgment of the master, rather than list specific 
instances where the Coast Guard believes lifejackets should be donned. 
Paragraphs (b) concerning the location of passengers on the vessel, and 
(c) concerning donning of lifejackets at will have been deleted.
    Sections 122.510 and 185.510 Emergency instructions. This section 
is revised in the IFR. Further, the intent of the emergency 
instructions was revisited, and the provision to create a placard and 
post it for the information of the passengers is deleted, since 
emergency actions are the responsibility of the licensed master and his 
crew.
    Sections 122.512 and 185.512 Emergency instructions format. The 
comments to these sections focused on the prescriptive detail of the 
language to this section and the need to generalize this section. The 
Coast Guard disagrees. It is not the Coast Guard's intent to dictate 
the actions of the master and crew of a vessel during an emergency 
situation. Every vessel is different and if certain parts of the 
emergency instructions are not applicable to a certain vessel, then the 
Coast Guard will allow the deletion of those parts. The Coast Guard 
hopes that vessel masters and owners will take the time to develop a 
more detailed set of emergency instructions that are vessel specific. 
These sections have been retained and re-titled as a recommended 
minimum checklist for the master and crew of a vessel during an 
emergency.
    Sections 122.520 Abandon ship and man overboard drills and 
training. The comments to this section focused on the need for random 
weekly drills. Citing scheduling problems and the overkill of weekly 
drills, the comments stated a relaxation of the drill requirements 
should be considered. The Coast Guard agrees. The revision to this 
section allows the master to schedule monthly drills in order to get 
the most participation from the crew, including steward and galley 
staff. The master is not restricted from conducting more drills as 
needed. As discussed previously under crew training, the Coast Guard 
has added a documentation requirement to required drills and training, 
and solicits input from the industry on the value and impact of this 
new documentation requirement.
    122.520 and 185.520 Abandon ship and man overboard drills and 
training. Additional comments to both Secs. 122.520 and 185.520 asked 
that the requirement to launch a davit launched liferaft every four 
months be removed due to cost considerations. The Coast Guard partially 
agrees. Specialized training is required for launching a liferaft with 
a davit arrangement; however, the hands on portion of lowering an 
inflated liferaft may be better accomplished during annual servicing. 
Paragraph (f) of both sections is revised to require quarterly training 
on davit launched liferafts, but the requirement to inflate a liferaft 
when practicable is deleted.
    122.524 Fire fighting drills and training. Citing the same concerns 
as the abandon ship and man overboard drills, the Coast Guard has 
revised this section to allow the master to schedule monthly drills. As 
discussed previously under crew training, the Coast Guard has added a 
documentation requirement to required drills and training, and solicits 
input from the industry on the value and impact of this new 
documentation requirement.
    122.614 and 185.614 Portable watertight container for distress 
flares and smoke signals. These sections in subchapters K and T 
respectively, are added because the proposed requirement in 
Secs. 117.68 and 180.68 for the Coast Guard approved container was 
deleted.
    122.728 and 185.728 Testing and servicing of EPIRBs. Paragraph (c) 
is added to require the documentation of the monthly EPIRB operational 
test required by these sections. The Coast Guard solicits comments on 
the addition of this requirement.
9. Part 170--Stability Requirements For All Inspected Vessels
    Two comments to this part addressed the periodic lightweight survey 
requirements contained in Sec. 170.210, which were suspended on 
December 10, 1992 [57 FR 58406]. The comments stated that paragraph (e) 
of Sec. 170.210 would have to be modified if the regulation is 
reinstated. The Coast Guard agrees. After a comprehensive review of all 
the current regulation projects, the Coast Guard decided to withdraw 
the lightweight survey project, along with selected other projects, and 
focus its available resources on higher priority projects. Since the 
suspended lightweight survey requirements will not be reinstated in the 
near future, no changes are required in this section at this time.
    One comment stated that the word ``maximum'' should be deleted from 
paragraph (b)(2) of Sec. 170.173 because it is misleading. The Coast 
Guard agrees and has made this change for the IFR.
    In addition to changes based upon comments, the Coast Guard has 
made other changes to Part 170 based upon a review of the stability 
regulations. These include:
    Section 170.170 Calculations required. The Coast Guard has adjusted 
the angle of heel permitted for sailing vessels when determining the 
minimum required metacentric height. Because the vessel's angle of heel 
is limited to one-half of the freeboard of the vessel when applying the 
criteria for metacentric height (GM) in existing Sec. 170.170, some 
sailing vessels have had to limit the number of passengers they can 
carry. The existing criteria were initially developed for mechanically 
powered vessels that were of ordinary proportions and form, with flush 
decks, and carried cargo below the main deck. The changes in the IFR 
will allow sailing vessels to be heeled up to the deck edge, or to a 
maximum heel of 14 degrees, whichever is less, because a sailing vessel 
has a greater range of stability and a greater angle of downflooding 
than the type of vessel for which the criteria were initially 
developed.
    Section 170.265 Class 3 doors; required locations. The Coast 
Guard's revision to Sec. 170.265(d)(2) corrects errors that occurred 
when 46 CFR 73.35-15(d) was redesignated as 

[[Page 882]]
subchapter S. The factor of subdivision value was incorrectly stated as 
0.05 instead of 0.5.
    Section 170.270 Door design, operation, installation, and testing. 
The revisions to paragraph (d) specify circumstances when watertight 
door indicators are required under Sec. 170.255(e). The change is 
consistent with Sec. 179.330(b) in the IFR.
10. Part 171--Special Rules Pertaining To Vessels Carrying Passengers
    Based upon the Coast Guard's review of this Part, a correction has 
been made to proposed Sec. 171.122 regarding coaming heights. In the 
SNPRM, the Coast Guard proposed to remove Sec. 171.124 because it 
duplicated requirements in Sec. 179.360. Removal of Sec. 171.124 also 
removes Table 171.124. However, Sec. 171.122 references Table 171.124 
for coaming height requirements. Therefore, Table 171.124 is 
redesignated as Table 171.122.
11. Part 178--Intact Stability and Seaworthiness
    Comments on this part expressed concern over the clarity of 
drainage calculations proposed in the SNPRM under Sec. 178.450, and 
suggested that the proposed requirements were excessive requirements 
for cockpit vessels. The Coast Guard agrees, and therefore to account 
for this, the relative size of the vessel compared to size of water 
entrapments, such as cockpits and bulwarks on the weather deck, has 
been acknowledged through the addition of a recess and weather deck 
ratio.
    The Coast Guard has reviewed the drainage formula, and noted a lack 
of requirements for bulwarks outside well deck and cockpit areas. Thus, 
bulwarks in the last two thirds of the vessel but not in way of a well 
deck or cockpit are accounted for using the same method as that used 
for a well deck. Bulwarks in the forward one third of the vessel may 
not form a well with the deckhouse which could retain water. The Coast 
Guard solicits input from the industry on the changes to Sec. 178.450 
in subchapter T.
12. Part 179--Subdivision, Damage Stability, and Watertight Integrity
    The comments on this part focused on the watertight coaming 
requirements in Subpart C. While the comments supported easing these 
requirements, particularly for vessels on protected routes, they 
recommended complete elimination of requirements for coamings. The 
comments claimed that coamings are the main cause of passenger ``trip 
and falls'' and prevent modification of vessels to comply with the 
Americans with Disabilities Act.
    The Coast Guard appreciates the concerns over passenger ``trips and 
falls,'' but considers the danger of downflooding, particularly on 
vessels with high passenger capacity, to be an overriding concern. 
Therefore, a minimum watertight coaming requirement is maintained in 
this IFR, and this section has not been changed.
    As discussed under Parts 117 and 180, as of March 11, 2001, vessels 
constructed of wood will have to meet the subdivision standards 
contained in this Part.

                   Organization of Subchapters T and K                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Subchapter   Subchapter
                 Subject area                      K part       T part  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Provisions............................          114          175
Inspection and Certification..................          115          176
Construction and Arrangement..................          116          177
Intact Stability and Seaworthiness............          N/A          178
Subdivision, Damage Stability and Watertight                            
 Integrity....................................          N/A          179
Lifesaving Equipment and Arrangements.........          117          180
Fire Protection Equipment.....................          118          181
Machinery Installation........................          119          182
Electrical Installation.......................          120          183
Control and Miscellaneous Systems.............          121          184
Operations....................................          122          185
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Metric (SI) Conversion

    The IFR has been revised to include metric units using the 
International System of Units (SI) for all measures with the exception 
of Nautical Miles (NM) and Knots. English units immediately follow the 
metric conversions in parenthesis throughout the regulations.

Solicitation for Comments

    As previously stated under ``COMMENTS ON PARTICULAR PROVISIONS OF 
THE SNPRM,'' the Coast Guard is soliciting input on five requirements 
established in this IFR. Section 180.200 now includes a construction 
equivalency for wooden hull vessels. Sections 119.530 and 182.530 now 
include more spaces requiring high bilge level alarms in order to 
increase their effectiveness. Sections 122.420, 122.520, 122.524, 
185.420, 122.520, and 122.524 now include provisions to log or 
otherwise document required drills and training. Sections 122.728 and 
185.728 now include a provision to log the required monthly test of the 
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB). Section 178.450 has 
been revised to take cockpit size and bulwark arrangements into 
consideration when calculating drainage areas. In addition, the Coast 
Guard is soliciting input on one other topic discussed under Sections 
116.960 and 177.960 ``Guards for exposed hazards.'' Persons desiring to 
comment on any of the above sections should submit their comments to 
the Coast Guard where indicated under ADDRESSES.

Regulatory Evaluation

    This IFR is a significant regulatory action under section 3(f) of 
Executive Order 12866 and has been reviewed by the Office of Management 
and Budget under that order. It is significant under the regulatory 
policies and procedures of the Department of Transportation (44 FR 
11040; February 26, 1979). A draft regulatory evaluation was prepared 
for the SNPRM based on comments to the NPRM and placed in the 
rulemaking docket. The evaluation contained information on the 
methodology and data sources used in determining costs and benefits, 
details on the costs and benefits of over 70 changes, alternatives to 
proposed changes, cost for sample small passenger vessels, and a 
profile of the small passenger fleet and its casualty history. The 
Coast Guard 

[[Page 883]]
received several comments criticizing the draft evaluation for 
containing outdated costs, the risk assessment methodology and cost/
benefit analysis.
    The SNPRM identified the three most significant monetary cost/
benefit items of this rulemaking as:
    1. Liferafts or inflatable buoyant apparatus for certain vessels;
    2. Passenger/crew lists; and
    3. Fixed fire extinguishing systems in machinery spaces.
    As a result of the comments received on the draft evaluation and 
the SNPRM as a whole, the Coast Guard has significantly reduced the 
cost of this rulemaking by incorporating the following changes in the 
IFR:
    1. Reducing the number of vessels required to carry inflatable 
survival craft; and
    2. Revising passenger and crew list requirements.
    In addition, the Coast Guard has made other significant changes in 
the IFR that will result in reduced costs to the small passenger vessel 
industry. For example:
    1. Providing more options to meet structural fire protection 
requirements:
    2. Eliminating the requirements to install overspeed trip devices 
for main propulsion engines and generators; and
    3. Deleting the requirement to have wooden vessels more than 20 
years old drydocked annually.
    In order to address the impact these changes have had on the cost 
to this rulemaking, the Coast Guard has included an addendum to the 
draft regulatory evaluation addressed in the SNPRM. The addendum 
updates the changes in cost associated with the elimination of some of 
the inflatable lifesaving equipment and requirements to maintain 
passenger and crew list for certain vessels. In order to provide 
consistency, the Coast Guard retained the methods of calculating the 
total and Average Annual Cost (AAC) of the requirements from the draft 
assessment. However, the information used to calculate the number of 
vessels affected and the cost of required equipment were updated to 
provide an accurate estimate.
    The Coast guard believes that by adopting these changes, it is 
reducing the overall costs to the industry of this rule by 63%. The 
draft regulatory assessment estimated that the small passenger vessel 
industry would incur an AAC of $9.71 million as a result of the SNPRM. 
Based upon the addendum to the draft regulatory assessment, the Coast 
Guard estimates the small passenger vessel industry will incur a 
direct, average annual cost of $3.59 million as a result of this IFR. 
As stated above, the most significant cost reductions can be found in 
the revisions to the lifesaving equipment and passenger and crew list 
requirements.
    By significantly reducing the number of small passenger vessels 
required to install and maintain inflatable lifesaving equipment, this 
IFR will reduce estimated costs to the industry for this equipment by 
61% from that proposed in the SNPRM. The draft regulatory assessment 
calculated that under the requirements in the SNPRM, the AAC for 
installation and maintenance of liferafts and inflatable buoyant 
apparatus was $4.87 million. The addendum to the draft regulatory 
assessment calculates the AAC for this equipment to be $1.90 million. 
The reduction in cost is directly attributed to the decrease in the 
number of vessels required to carry inflatable survival craft. For 
example: the requirement for inflatable liferafts (the highest cost 
inflatable survival craft) proposed in the SNPRM would have affected an 
estimated 1,300 vessels. In contrast, the requirements in the IFR for 
inflatable liferafts affect less than ten existing vessels.
    By significantly reducing the number of small passenger vessels 
required to comply with the passenger and crew list requirements, this 
IFR will reduce estimated costs to the industry for maintaining these 
lists by 84% from the requirements proposed in the SNPRM. The draft 
regulatory assessment calculated that the AAC for maintaining a list of 
all passengers and crew on vessels operating on coastwise or oceans 
routes to be $1.03 million. The addendum to the draft regulatory 
assessment calculates the AAC for this requirement to be $0.16 million. 
Those vessels not required to keep a passenger and crew list need only 
maintain a count of all passengers and crew onboard. As stated in the 
draft regulatory evaluation, the Coast Guard believes the legislatively 
mandated requirement to maintain a passenger and crew count does not 
impose a significant cost.
    The Coast guard believes that the overall cost reduction measures 
contained in this IFR will not have a substantial effect on the 
benefits calculated in the draft assessment. The Coast Guard has 
significantly reduced the cost of this rulemaking by focusing the 
requirements for high cost items such as inflatable lifesaving 
equipment strictly to vessels operating in cold water offshore with a 
large number of passengers, and vessel types involving the greatest 
number of casualties. In doing so, the Coast Guard maintains that an 
average of 3 lives per year will be saved because of the requirements 
contained in this IFR. In addition, the Coast Guard believes that the 
$0.3 million cost benefit due to the installation of fixed fire 
extinguishing systems, and the $2.0 million cost benefit due to 
unquantified savings in areas such as search and rescue and injuries 
prevented are still valid in light of the changes to the requirements 
proposed in the SNPRM.
    The Department of Transportation General Counsel's memorandum of 
March 14, 1995, noted that $2.7 million per fatality averted is a 
reasonable estimate of society's willingness to pay for reduced risk of 
fatalities and injuries. Based upon this figure and the previously 
stated cost benefits, the Coast Guard estimates this rulemaking will 
produce an annual benefit of $10.4 million in lives and property saved, 
and injuries prevented.
    The Coast Guard does not believe that the areas it is seeking 
additional comments, discussed previously under ``SOLICITATION FOR 
COMMENTS,'' will have a significant impact on the regulatory evaluation 
and addendum. Therefore, the Coast Guard adopted the regulatory 
evaluation with the addendum as its final regulatory evaluation. The 
addendum to the draft regulatory assessment has been prepared and 
placed in the rulemaking docket for inspection or copying where 
indicated under ADDRESSES.

Small Entities

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 through 612), 
the Coast Guard must consider whether this rule is likely to have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
``Small entities'' include independently owned and operated small 
businesses that are not dominant in their field and that would 
otherwise qualify as ``small business concerns'' under section 3 of the 
Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
    Small passenger vessel operators comprise firms in the Standard 
Industrial Code (SIC) categories 4482 and 4489, which are, 
respectively, ferries and water transportation of passengers, not 
elsewhere specified. According to 13 CFR 121, the size standard of 
small businesses in these categories is less than 500 employees. About 
92% of small passenger vessel operators fall into the small business 
category. The total number of small passenger vessels affected by this 
rulemaking is initially 5,564, many of which are owned or managed by 
small entities. There are currently 405 vessels that carry more than 
150 passengers and are subject to higher cost requirements such as 
structural fire protection measures. The Coast Guard believes that 

[[Page 884]]
few small entities operate this group of vessels. The Coast Guard also 
believes that the average annual cost of this rulemaking is skewed 
upward because of these vessels. In order to reduce the impact of the 
regulations on vessels owned or managed by small entities, alternatives 
have been proposed that are intended to reduce the cost. These 
alternatives include route restrictions (i.e., vessels choosing to 
operate less than one mile from shore) and recognition that a vessel 
with subdivision is less likely to sink. As stated previously under 
``COMMENTS ON PARTICULAR PROVISIONS OF THE SNPRM'' and ``REGULATORY 
EVALUATION'' the Coast Guard has significantly reduced the cost of this 
rulemaking by focusing the requirements for high cost items such as 
inflatable lifesaving equipment strictly to high risk vessels and 
vessel types involving the greatest number of casualties. Requirements 
for existing vessels to be retrofitted to meet the new standards were 
limited to those areas where the greatest benefits may be realized 
based upon available casualty data.
    The type of vessel which the Coast Guard believes is likely to be 
operated by a small entity and on which the regulations would have the 
greatest cost impact, are vessels on oceans or coastwise routes that 
are permitted to carry only a few more passengers than the maximum of 
six that may be carried on uninspected vessels. This group of vessels 
is primarily composed of sport fishing vessels carrying passengers on 
chartered trips. Some of these are only operated on a part-time basis. 
The owners of vessels operated part-time would be affected the most, 
since such vessels make only a limited number of trips from which they 
can recover the cost of the proposed regulations. These vessels may opt 
to drop certification and operate as uninspected passenger vessels as 
an alternative to compliance with this rulemaking. The number of 
vessels in this category is estimated to be less than 170 vessels.
    This IFR will also have an impact on wood hulled vessels operated 
on an ocean or coastwise route in cold water [areas where the average 
mean low water temperature is below 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees 
Fahrenheit)]. As stated previously under ``COMMENTS ON PARTICULAR 
PROVISIONS OF THE SNPRM,'' these vessels account for 90% of small 
passenger vessel casualties involving the loss of life or loss of the 
vessel. The bulk of the cost to these operations will be the purchase 
and servicing of inflatable buoyant apparatus, or the often lower one-
time cost of installing watertight bulkheads. Some operators of wood 
hulled vessels may find that they have to alter the scope of their 
vessel operation, either by carrying fewer passengers or by operating 
on a more restricted route, in order to remain financially sound. The 
Coast Guard estimates that the number of wooden vessels affected makes 
up not more than 320 vessels, or less than 6% of the inspected 
passenger vessel fleet.
    The Coast Guard estimates that about 490 small passenger vessels 
operated by small entities, or about 9% of the small entities affected 
by this regulation are expected to experience significant costs.
    Based on the discussion above, and previous discussions on the cost 
reductions contained in this IFR, the Coast Guard has determined that 
this proposed rulemaking will not have a significant economic impact on 
a substantial number of small entities.

Collection of Information

    This rule contains collection-of-information requirements. The 
Coast Guard submitted the requirements contained in the SNPRM to the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review under section 3504(h) 
of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), and OMB 
approved them.
    As a result of changes to the SNPRM based upon comments and a Coast 
Guard review of recordkeeping requirements, several deletions and 
additions have been made to the collection of information requirements. 
The Coast Guard believes that the logbook and recordkeeping 
requirements contained in Secs. 122.260(a)(2), 122.304(c), 122.315, 
122.335, 185.260(a)(2), 185.315, and 185.335 of the SNPRM did not 
contribute to the overall safety of the vessel, and therefore removed 
them from the IFR. However, as previously discussed in ``Comments on 
SNPRM Citing Particular Provisions,'' the Coast Guard has added 
recordkeeping requirements to Secs. 122.420, 122.520, 122.524, 122.728, 
185.420, 185.520, 185.524, and 185.728 in order to easily verify 
compliance with crew training and equipment testing requirements 
contained in the IFR. The Coast Guard believes that most professional 
operators presently conducting crew training and drills are already 
documenting the training in some form. Further, marginal operators will 
be more inclined to comply with the crew training requirements if they 
are required to provide documentation to the Coast Guard inspector 
during annual inspections. The Coast Guard submitted a revised 
Information Collection Budget (ICB) request to OMB for approval. The 
new ICB requested 13,294 fewer hours than the 418,902 approved by OMB 
for the SNPRM. The decrease in requested burden hours is the net result 
of (1) the revisions to the crew and passenger list requirements 
(-12,397 hours annually) and the navigation underway sections (-2,720 
hours annually) and (2) the addition of crew training and drill log 
requirements (1,823 hours annually) previously discussed in ``Comments 
on SNPRM Citing Particular Provisions.'' Overall, the new ICB request 
represents an increase of 126,904 burden hours over the 278,704 hours 
approved by OMB prior to the publication of the SNPRM in 1994.
    This IFR contains collection of information requirements in the 
following sections of 46 CFR: 115.105(a), 115.202, 115.204, 115.302, 
115.306, 115.310, 115.500(a), 115.612, 115.700, 115.704, 115.710, 
115.810(b), 115.920(c), 115.930, 116.202, 116.330, 116.340, 116.610(e), 
118.610, 119.460(e), 120.220(d), 120.320 (d) and (e), 121.420, 121.506, 
122.202, 122.206, 122.208, 122.220, 122.230, 122.280, 122.282, 
122.340(c), 122.402, 122.420, 122.502, 122.503, 122.504, 122.506, 
122.510, 122.514, 122.515, 122.516, 122.518, 122.520, 122.524, 122.602, 
122.604, 122.606, 122.608, 122.610, 122.612, 122.702, 122.704(c), 
122.728(c), 176.105(a), 176.202, 176.204, 176.302, 176.306, 176.310, 
176.500(a), 176.612, 176.700, 176.704, 176.710, 176.810(b), 176.920(c), 
176.930, 177.202, 177.330, 177.340, 178.210, 178.220, 178.230, 181.610, 
182.460(e), 182.610(f), 183.220(d), 183.320 (d) and (e), 184.420, 
184.506, 185.202, 185.206, 185.208, 185.220, 185.230, 185.280, 
185.340(c), 185.402, 185.420, 185.502, 185.503, 185.504, 185.506, 
185.510, 185.514, 185.516, 185.518, 185.520, 185.524, 185.602, 185.604, 
185.606, 185.608, 185.610, 185.612, 185.702, 185.704(c), and 
185.728(c).
    The corresponding control numbers are displayed in Secs. 114.900 
and 175.900 of this IFR.
    Persons desiring to comment on any of these information collection 
requirements should submit their comments both to the OMB and to the 
Coast Guard where indicated under ADDRESSES.

Federalism

    This proposed rulemaking has been analyzed in accordance with the 
principles and criteria contained in Executive Order 12612, and it has 
been determined that this proposed rulemaking does not have sufficient 
federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism 
Assessment.

[[Page 885]]


Environmental Impact

    The Coast Guard considered the environmental impact of this 
proposal and concluded that, under section 2.B.2. of Commandant 
Instruction M16475.1B, this proposal is categorically excluded from 
further environmental documentation. A Categorical Exclusion 
Determination statement has been prepared and has been placed in the 
rulemaking docket.

List of Subjects

46 CFR Parts 114, 175

    Incorporated by reference, Marine safety, Passenger vessels, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

46 CFR Parts 115, 176

    Fire prevention, Marine safety, Passenger vessels, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

46 CFR Parts 116, 117, 119, 171, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182

    Marine safety, Passenger vessels.

46 CFR Parts 118, 181

    Fire prevention, Marine safety, Passenger vessels.

46 CFR Parts 120, 183

    Electric power, Marine safety, Passenger vessels.

46 CFR Parts 121, 184

    Communications equipment, Marine safety, Navigation (water), 
Passenger vessels.

46 CFR Parts 122, 185

    Alcohol and alcoholic beverages, Drugs, Hazardous materials, Marine 
safety, Navigation (water), Passenger vessels, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

46 CFR Part 170

    Marine safety, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Vessels.

46 CFR Part 173

    Marine safety, Vessels.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, the Coast Guard has 
amended Title 46, Code of Federal Regulations by: adding subchapter K; 
redesignating and adding Parts 114 through 139, reserved in subchapter 
J, in subchapter K; amending Parts 170, 171, and 173 of subchapter S, 
and by amending subchapter T as follows.
    1. Subchapter K is added to read as follows:
SUBCHAPTER K--SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150 PASSENGERS 
OR WITH OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS
Part
114  General provisions.
115  Inspection and certification.
116  Construction and arrangement.
117  Lifesaving equipment and arrangements.
118  Fire protection equipment.
119  Machinery installation.
120  Electrical installation.
121  Control and miscellaneous systems.
122  Operations.

PART 114--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec.
114.100  Purpose.
114.110  General applicability.
114.112  Specific applicability for individual parts.
114.120  Vessels on an international voyage.
114.122  Load lines.
114.400  Definitions of terms used in this subchapter.
114.540  Equivalents.
114.550  Special consideration.
114.560  Appeals.
114.600  Incorporation by reference.
114.800  Approved equipment and material.
114.900  OMB control numbers.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 3703; 49 U.S.C. App. 1804; 49 
CFR 1.45, 1.46; 114.900 also issued under authority of 44 U.S.C. 
3507.


Sec. 114.100  Purpose.

    The purpose of this subchapter is to implement applicable sections 
of Subtitle II of Title 46, United States Code, which require the 
inspection and certification of small passenger vessels.


Sec. 114.110  General applicability.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this 
section, this subchapter applies to each vessel of less than 100 gross 
tons and less than 61 meters (200 feet) which:
    (1) Carries more than 150 passengers; or
    (2) Has overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers.
    (b) A vessel of less than 100 gross tons that either carries not 
more than 150 passengers, or has overnight accommodations for not more 
than 49 passengers, and that is not more than 61 meters (200 feet) in 
length, may comply with the provisions in subchapter T (Small Passenger 
Vessels) of this chapter.
    (c) A vessel of less than 100 gross tons must comply with Parts 72 
and 76 of subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter, and with 
the applicable requirements for marine engineering and electrical 
systems contained in subchapter F (Marine Engineering) and subchapter J 
(Electrical Engineering) of this chapter, if it is:
    (1) A vessel that carries more than 600 passengers;
    (2) A vessel with overnight accommodations for more than 150 
passengers; or
    (3) A vessel of more than 61 meters (200 feet) in length that 
carries more than six passengers.
    (d) Unless otherwise provided, an existing vessel that is not 
required to comply with a requirement in this subchapter may comply 
with the regulation that was applicable to the vessel on March 10, 
1996.
    (e) A vessel required by this subchapter to meet applicable 
sections of subchapter H shall follow the phase-in schedule for certain 
equipment and requirements found in this subchapter.
    (f) This subchapter does not apply to:
    (1) A vessel operating exclusively on inland waters that are not 
navigable waters of the United States;
    (2) An oceanographic research vessel;
    (3) A boat forming part of a vessel's lifesaving equipment and that 
is not used for carrying passengers except in emergencies or during 
emergency drills;
    (4) A vessel of a foreign country that is a party to the 
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as 
amended (SOLAS), to which the United States Government is currently a 
party, and which has on board a current valid SOLAS Passenger Ship 
Safety Certificate; or
    (5) A vessel of a foreign country, whose government has inspection 
laws approximating those of the United States and which by its laws 
accords similar privileges to vessels of the United States, which has 
on board a current valid certificate of inspection, permitting the 
carrying of passengers, issued by its government.
    (g) The relationship between this subchapter and other subchapters 
pertaining to the inspection and certification of small passenger 
vessels (passenger vessels under 100 GT) is provided in the table 
below, which shows the breakpoints between subchapters T, K, and K' of 
this chapter.

                                                                        

[[Page 886]]
                            Table 114.110(g)                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Subchapter T               Subchapter K      Subchapter K' \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
150 passengers or      151-600 passengers  601    
 overnight accommodations for      or overnight        passengers or    
 49 passengers, and     accommodations      overnight        
 61 meters (200 feet).  for 50-150          accommodations   
                                   passengers, and     for 61       eq>151 passengers
                                   meters (200 feet).  or >61 meters    
                                                       (200 feet).      
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vessels in this category are small passenger vessels (passenger     
  vessels less than 100 GT) but are required to comply with Parts 72,   
  and 76 of subchapter H, Parts 114, 115, 117, 121, and 122 of          
  subchapter K, and the applicable requirements of subchapters F and J. 


Sec. 114.112  Specific applicability for individual parts.

    At the beginning of certain parts of this subchapter, a more 
specific application is given for all or particular portions of that 
part. This application sets forth the type, size, service, or age of a 
vessel to which certain portions of that part apply or particular dates 
by which an existing vessel must comply with certain portions of that 
part.
Sec. 114.120  Vessels on an international voyage.
    A mechanically propelled vessel that carries more than 12 
passengers on an international voyage must comply with the applicable 
requirements of SOLAS as well as this subchapter.
Sec. 114.122  Load lines.
    A vessel of 24 meters (79 feet) in length or more, the keel of 
which was laid or that was at a similar stage of construction on or 
after July 21, 1968, and that is on a voyage other than a domestic 
voyage is subject to load line assignment, certification, and marking 
in subchapter E (Load Lines) of this chapter.
Sec. 114.400  Definitions of terms used in this subchapter.
    (a) Terms used in this subchapter are defined in paragraph (b) of 
this section. The number in parenthesis after certain terms describing 
areas on a vessel refers to the applicable column and row number where 
that area is listed in Tables 116.415 (b) and (c) of Part 116 of this 
subchapter.
    (b) General terms:
    Accommodation space (5 or 7 depending on fire load and furnishings) 
means a space that does not contain any heating appliance other than a 
microwave oven or other low heat (maximum heating element temperature 
less than 121 deg.C (250 deg.F)) appliance used as a:
    (1) Public space;
    (2) Hall;
    (3) Dining room and messroom;
    (4) Lounge or cafe;
    (5) Public sales room;
    (6) Overnight accommodation space;
    (7) Barber shop or beauty parlor;
    (8) Office or conference room;
    (9) Medical treatment room or dispensary; or
    (10) Game or hobby room.
    Area of refuge means an area that is separated from the effects of 
fire and flooding where passengers and crew can gather to await 
disembarking in the event of fire of flooding. To qualify as an area of 
refuge, the area must provide separation from the effect of fire and 
flooding for the maximum amount of time required to complete 
disembarking of the vessel, or one hour, whichever is less.
    Atrium, (5 or 7 depending on fire load and furnishings) means a 
continuous deck opening connecting more than two deck levels within an 
accommodation space that is covered at the top of the series openings 
and is used for purposes other than an enclosed stairway, elevator 
hoistway, escalator opening or a utility trunk for pipe, cable, or 
ductwork.
    Auxiliary machinery space (12) means a space containing only pumps, 
tanks, electrical machinery, ventilation or air conditioning equipment, 
resistors, steering machinery, etc., with not more than 2.5 kilograms 
per square meter (0.5 pounds per square foot) of combustible storage.
    Balcony (5 or 7 depending on fire load and furnishings) means a 
deck opening connecting two deck levels within an accommodation space 
creating two freely communicating levels within the same space.
    Beam or B means the maximum width of a vessel from:
    (1) Outside of planking to outside of planking on wooden vessels; 
and
    (2) Outside of frame to outside of frame on all other vessels.
    Bulbous bow means a design of bow in which the forward underwater 
frames ahead of the forward perpendicular are swelled out at the 
forefoot into a bulbous formation.
    Bulkhead deck means the uppermost deck to which watertight 
bulkheads and the watertight shell extend.
    Cable means single or multiple insulated conductors with an outer 
protective jacket.
    Cargo space (11) means a:
    (1) Cargo hold;
    (2) Refrigerated cargo space;
    (3) A trunk leading to or from a space listed above; or
    (4) A vehicle space.
    Char length means the numeric value in inches assigned to a 
material when tested in accordance with NFPA 261 by an independent 
laboratory.
    Coast Guard District Commander or District Commander means an 
officer of the Coast Guard designated as such by the Commandant to 
command Coast Guard activities within a district.
    Coastwise means a route that is not more than 20 nautical miles 
offshore on any of the following waters:
    (1) Any ocean;
    (2) The Gulf of Mexico;
    (3) The Caribbean Sea;
    (4) The Bering Sea;
    (5) The Gulf of Alaska; or
    (6) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Cockpit vessel means vessel with an exposed recess in the weather 
deck extending not more than one-half of the length of the vessel 
measured over the weather deck.
    Cold water means water where the monthly mean low water temperature 
is normally 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit or less).
    Commandant means the Commandant of the Coast Guard or an authorized 
Headquarters staff officer designated in Sec. 1.01 of this chapter.
    Consideration means an economic benefit, inducement, right, or 
profit including pecuniary payment accruing to an individual, person, 
or entity, but not including a voluntary sharing of the actual expenses 
of the voyage, by monetary contribution or donation of fuel, food, 
beverage, or other supplies.
    Continuous B-Class ceiling means an approved structural ceiling 
composed of B-Class panels that terminates only at an approved A-Class 
or B-Class bulkhead.
    Control space (1) means a space containing:
    (1) An emergency source of power, excluding generators;
    (2) Navigating and radio equipment that is normally manned;
    (3) Centralized fire control or detection equipment, such as fixed 
gas extinguishing system controls; or
    (4) Machinery controls not located within a machinery space.
    Corrision-resistant material or corrosion-resistant means made of 
one of the following materials in a grade suitable for its intended use 
in a marine environment:
    (1) Silver;
    (2) Copper;
    (3) Brass;
    (4) Bronze;
    (5) Aluminum alloys with a copper content of no more than 0.4 
percent;
    (6) Copper-nickel;
    (7) Plastics;
    
[[Page 887]]

    (8) Stainless steel;
    (9) Nickel-copper; or
    (10) A material, which when tested in accordance with ASTM B-117 
for 200 hours, does not show pitting, cracking, or other deterioration.
    Crew accommodation space (5 or 7 depending on fire load and 
furnishings) means an accommodation space designated for the use of 
crew members and where passengers are normally not allowed to occupy.
    Critical radiant flux means the numeric value assigned to a 
material when tested in accordance with ASTM E-648 by an independent 
laboratory.
    Custom engineered means, when referring to a fixed gas fire 
extinguishing system, a system that is designed for a specific space 
requiring individual calculations for the extinguishing agent volume, 
flow rate, piping, and similar factors.
    Dead cover means a metal cover to close or protect a port light to 
avoid glass breakage in case of heavy weather.
    Distribution panel means an electrical panel that receives energy 
from the switchboard and distributes the energy to energy consuming 
devices or other panels.
    Draft means the vertical distance from the molded baseline of a 
vessel amidships to the waterline.
    Dripproof means enclosed equipment so constructed or protected that 
falling drops of liquid or solid particles striking the enclosure at 
any angle from 0 to 15 degrees downward from the vertical do not 
interfere with the operation of the equipment. A National Electrical 
Manufacturers Association type 1 enclosure with a dripshield is 
considered to be dripproof.
    Embarkation deck (4) means;
    (1) The deck from which davit launched survival craft are designed 
to be boarded; or
    (2) If no davit launched survival craft are carried aboard the 
vessel, the main deck or lowest deck available for embarking or 
debarking passengers.
    Embarkation station (4) means the place on the vessel from which a 
survival craft is boarded.
    Enclosed space means a compartment that is not exposed to the 
atmosphere when all access and ventilation closures are secured.
    Existing vessel means a vessel that is not a new vessel.
    Exposed waters is a term used in connection with stability criteria 
and means:
    (1) Waters, except the Great Lakes, more than 20 nautical miles 
from a harbor of safe refuge;
    (2) Those portions of the Great Lakes more than 20 nautical miles 
from a harbor of safe refuge from October 1 of one year through April 
15 of the next year (winter season); and
    (3) Those waters less than 20 nautical miles from a harbor of safe 
refuge that the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, 
determines are not partially protected waters or protected waters 
because they present special hazards due to weather or other 
circumstances.
    Ferry means a vessel that:
    (1) Operates in other than ocean or coastwise service;
    (2) Has provisions only for deck passengers or vehicles, or both;
    (3) Operates on a short run on a frequent schedule between two 
points over the most direct water route; and
    (4) Offers a public service of a type normally attributed to a 
bridge or tunnel.
    Fiber reinforced plastic means plastics reinforced with fibers or 
strands of some other material.
    Fire control boundary means a deck or bulkhead meeting the 
requirements for A-Class, B-Class, or C-Class or C'-Class construction 
in accordance with Sec. 116.415 of this subchapter.
    Fire load means a measure in kilograms per square meter (pounds per 
square foot) equaling the weight of all combustible material that is in 
a compartment and comprises its construction, as defined in 
Sec. 116.427(b) of this subchapter, divided by the floor area of that 
compartment.
    Flame spread means the numeric value assigned to a material when 
tested in accordance with ASTM E-84 or UL 723 by an independent 
laboratory.
    Flash point means the temperature at which a liquid gives off a 
flammable vapor when heated using the Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester 
method in accordance with ASTM D-93.
    Float-free launching or arrangement means that method of launching 
a survival craft whereby the survival craft is automatically released 
from a sinking vessel and is ready for use.
    Flush deck vessel means a vessel with a continuous weather deck 
located at the uppermost sheer line of the hull.
    Freeing port means any direct opening through the vessel's bulwark 
or hull to quickly drain overboard water that has been shipped on 
exposed decks.
    Galley (9) means a space containing appliances with cooking 
surfaces that may exceed 121 deg.C (250 deg. F), such as ovens, 
griddles, and deep fat fryers.
    Great Lakes means a route on the waters of any of the Great Lakes.
    Gross tonnage and gross tons is an indicator of a vessel's 
approximate volume as determined in accordance with Part 69 
(Measurement of Vessels) of this chapter and recorded on the vessel's 
Tonnage Certificate (formerly Certificate of Admeasurement).
    Harbor of safe refuge means a port, inlet, or other body of water 
normally sheltered from heavy seas by land and in which a vessel can 
navigate and safely moor. The cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine 
Inspection, shall determine the suitability of a location as a harbor 
of safe refuge. The suitability will vary for each vessel, depending on 
the vessel's size, maneuverability, and mooring gear.
    Hardwood means any wood with a specific gravity, over dry volume, 
of not less than 0.66.
    Hazardous condition means any condition that could adversely affect 
the safety of any vessel, bridge, structure, or shore area or the 
environmental quality of any port, harbor, or navigable water of the 
United States. This condition could include but is not limited to, 
fire, explosion, grounding, leaking, damage, illness of a person on 
board, or a manning shortage.
    High risk accommodation space (7) means an accommodation space that 
contains a fire load greater than 15 kilograms per square meter (3 
pounds per square foot).
    High risk service spaces (9) include:
    (1) Motion picture projection room;
    (2) Galley;
    (3) Large laundry or drying room;
    (4) Garbage or trash disposal storage area;
    (5) Paint or lamp locker;
    (6) Cleaning gear locker or small storeroom in an accommodation 
area; or
    (7) Mail or baggage room; and
    (8) Pantries and storerooms with a fire load greater than 15 
kilograms per square meter (3 pounds per square foot), including 
connecting alleyways and stairs.
    High seas means all waters that are neither territorial seas (the 
waters in a belt 3 nautical miles wide, that is adjacent to the coast 
and seaward of the territorial sea baseline) nor internal waters of the 
Untied States or of any foreign country.
    High Speed Craft means a craft that is operable on or above the 
water and has characteristics so different from those of conventional 
displacement ships, to which the existing international conventions, 
particularly SOLAS, apply the alternative measures should be used to 
achieve an equivalent level of safety. Within the aforementioned 
generality, a craft that complies with the following characteristics 
would be considered a high speed craft: The craft is capable of a 
maximum speed equal to or exceeding:

V=3.7 x Displ1667


[[Page 888]]

Where V is the maximum speed and Displ is the vessel displacement 
corresponding to the design waterline in cubic meters.
    Independent laboratory means a laboratory accepted under 
Sec. 159.010 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    Inflatable survival craft or inflatable life jacket means one that 
depends upon nonrigid, gas filled chambers for buoyancy, and is 
normally kept uninflated until ready for use.
    Interior finish means any coating, overlay or veneer that is 
applied to interior surfaces such as bulkheads, linings, or suspended 
ceilings for decorative or other purposes. It includes not only the 
visible finish, but also all material used in its composition and 
application. In general, a paint is not considered an interior finish.
    International voyage means a voyage between a country to which 
SOLAS applies and a port outside that country. A country, as used in 
this definition, includes every territory for the international 
relations of which a contracting government to the convention is 
responsible or for which the United Nations is the administering 
authority. For the U.S., the term ``territory'' includes the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, all possessions of the United States, and 
all lands held by the United States under a protectorate or mandate. 
For the purposes of this subchapter, vessels are not considered as 
being on an ``international voyage'' when solely navigating the Great 
Lakes and the St. Lawrence River as far east as a straight line drawn 
from Cap des Rosiers to West Point, Anticosti Island and, on the north 
side of Anticosti Island, the 63rd meridian.
    Lakes, bays, and sounds means a route on any of the following 
waters:
    (1) A lake other than the Great Lakes;
    (2) A bay;
    (3) A sound; or
    (4) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Launching appliance means a device for transferring a survival 
craft or rescue boat from its stowed position safely to the water. For 
a launching appliance using a davit, the term includes the davit winch, 
and falls.
    Length when used in terms of the vessel's length (excluding bow 
sprints, bumpkins, rudders, outboard motor brackets, handles, and other 
similar fittings, attachments, and extensions), means:
    (1) The length listed on the vessel's Certificate of Documentation 
issued under the provisions of Part 67 (Documentation of Vessels) of 
this chapter or Certificate of Number issued under the provisions of 33 
CFR Part 173, Subpart B (Numbering); or
    (2) For a vessel that does not have a Certificate of Documentation 
or a Certificate of Number, the ``registered length'' as defined in 
Sec. 69.53 in subchapter G of this chapter or, for a vessel that is 
less than 24 meters (79 feet) in overall length and is measured using 
simplified measurement, the registered length as defined in Sec. 69.203 
in subchapter G of this chapter; or
    (3) For the purposes of Part 179 in subchapter T of this chapter, 
the ``length'' of a vessel with a bulbous bow means the larger of the 
length as defined in the first paragraph of this definition or the 
straight line horizontal measurement from the forwardmost tip of the 
bulbous bow to the aftermost part of the vessel measured parallel to 
the center line.
    Length between perpendiculars or LBP means the horizontal distance 
measured between perpendiculars taken at the forwardmost and aftermost 
points on the waterline corresponding to the deepest operating draft.
    Limited coastwise means a route that is not more than 20 nautical 
miles from a harbor of safe refuge.
    Lining means a bulkhead panel.
    Low risk accommodation space (5) means an accommodation space that 
contains only fire resistant furnishings and a fire load not greater 
than 15 kilograms per square meter (3 pounds per square foot).
    Low risk service spaces (8) include:
    (1) Pantries and storerooms with a fire load not more than 15 
kilograms per square meter (3 pounds per square foot), including 
connecting alleyways and stairs;
    (2) Small laundries or drying rooms containing only a tub, washing 
machine, and/or household type electric dryer;
    (3) Workshops that are not part of a machinery space; and
    (4) Washrooms and toilet spaces.
    Machinery space (10) means a space including a trunk, alleyway, 
stairway, or duct to such a space, that contains:
    (1) Propulsion machinery of any type;
    (2) Steam or internal combustion machinery;
    (3) Oil transfer equipment;
    (4) Electrical motors of more than 10 hp;
    (5) Refrigeration equipment;
    (6) One or more oil-fired boilers or heaters; or
    (7) Electrical generating machinery.
    Main horizontal zone means a vehicle space that is separated from 
the remainder of the vessel by horizontal fire control boundaries 
required by the structural fire protection requirements of this 
subchapter.
    Main transverse watertight bulkhead means a transverse bulkhead 
that must be maintained watertight in order for the vessel to meet the 
damage stability and subdivision requirements of this subchapter.
    Main vertical zone means that section of a vessel into which the 
hull, superstructure, and deckhouse are required to be divided by 
vertical fire control boundaries required by the structural fire 
protection requirements of this subchapter.
    Major conversion means a conversion of a vessel that, as determined 
by the Commandant:
    (1) Substantially changes the dimensions or carrying capacity of 
the vessel;
    (2) Changes the type of vessel;
    (3) Substantially prolongs the life of the vessel; or
    (4) Otherwise so changes the vessel that it is essentially a new 
vessel.
    Marine inspector or inspector means any civilian employee or 
military member of the Coast Guard assigned by an Officer in Charge. 
Marine Inspection, or the Commandant to perform duties with respect to 
the inspection, enforcement, and administration of vessel safety and 
navigation laws and regulations.
    Master means the individual having command of the vessel and who is 
the holder of a valid license that authorizes the individual to serve 
as master of a small passenger vessel.
    Means of escape means a continuous and unobstructed way of exit 
travel from any point in a vessel to an embarkation station or area of 
refuge. A means of escape can be both vertical and horizontal, and 
includes doorways, corridors, stairtowers, stairways, and public 
spaces. High risk service spaces, low risk service spaces, cargo 
spaces, machinery spaces, auxiliary machinery spaces, control spaces, 
rest rooms, barber shops, sales rooms, hazardous areas determined by 
the cognizant OCMI, escalators, and elevators must not be any part of a 
means of escape. It consists of three distinct components:
    (1) The exit access;
    (2) The exit; and
    (3) The exit discharge.
    New vessel means a vessel:
    (1) The initial construction of which began on or after March 11, 
1996;
    (2) Which was issued an initial Certificate of Inspection on or 
after September 11, 1996;
    (3) Which underwent a major conversion that was initiated on or 
after March 11, 1996; or
    (4) Which underwent a major conversion that was completed and for 
which an amended Certificate of 

[[Page 889]]
Inspection was issued on or after September 11, 1996.
    Noncombustible material means any material approved in accordance 
with Sec. 164.009 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    Non-self-propelled vessel means a vessel that does not have 
installed means of propulsion, including propulsive machinery, masts, 
spars, or sails.
    Oceans means a route that is more than 20 nautical miles offshore 
on any of the following waters:
    (1) Any ocean;
    (2) The Gulf of Mexico;
    (3) The Caribbean Sea;
    (4) The Bering Sea;
    (5) The Gulf of Alaska; or
    (6) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Officer In Charge, Marine Inspection, or OCMI means an officer of 
the Coast Guard designated as such by the Commandant and who, under the 
direction of the Coast Guard District Commander, is in charge of a 
marine inspection zone, described in Part 1 of this chapter, for the 
performance of duties with respect to the inspection, enforcement, and 
administration of vessel safety and navigation laws and regulations. 
The ``cognizant OCMI'' is the OCMI that has immediate jurisdiction over 
a vessel for the purpose of performing the duties previously described.
    Open boat means a vessel not protected from entry of water by means 
of a complete weathertight deck, or by a combination of a partial 
weathertight deck and superstructure that is structurally suitable for 
the waters upon which the vessel operates.
    Open deck (13) means a deck that is permanently open to the weather 
on one or more sides and, if covered, any spot on the overhead is less 
than 4.5 meters (15 feet) from the nearest opening to the weather.
    Open to the atmosphere means a compartment that has at least 9,375 
square millimeters (15 square inches) of open area directly exposed to 
the atmosphere for each cubic meter (foot) of net compartment volume.
    Operating station means the principal steering station on the 
vessel from which the individual on duty normally navigates the vessel.
    Overnight accommodations or overnight accommodation space (5 or 7 
depending on fire load and furnishings) means an accommodation space 
for use by passengers or by crew members, that has one or more berths, 
including beds or bunks, for passengers or crew members to rest for 
extended periods. Staterooms, cabins, and berthing areas are normally 
overnight accommodation spaces. Overnight accommodations do not include 
spaces that contain only seats, including reclining seats.
    Pantry means a space used for food storage, and may include 
microwaves or other low heat [not exceeding 121 deg.C (250 deg.F)] 
appliances for food preparation.
    Partially enclosed space means a compartment that is neither open 
to the atmosphere nor an enclosed space.
    Partially protected waters is a term used in connection with 
stability criteria and means:
    (1) Waters not more than 20 nautical miles from a harbor of safe 
refuge, unless determined by the cognizant OCMI to be exposed waters;
    (2) Those portions of rivers, estuaries, harbors, lakes, and 
similar waters that the cognizant OCMI determines not to be protected 
waters; and
    (3) Waters of the Great Lakes from April 16 through September 30 of 
the same year (summer season).
    Passenger means an individual carried on a vessel, except:
    (1) The owner or an individual representative of the owner, or in 
the case of a vessel under charter, an individual charterer or 
individual representative of the charterer;
    (2) The master; or
    (3) A member of the crew engaged in the business of the vessel who 
has not contributed consideration for carriage and who is paid for on 
board services.
    Passenger accommodation space (5 or 7 depending on fire load and 
furnishings) means an accommodation space designated for the use of 
passengers.
    Passenger for hire means a passenger for whom consideration is 
contributed as a condition of carriage on the vessel, whether directly 
or indirectly flowing to the owner, charterer, operator, agent, or any 
other person having an interest in the vessel.
    Pilothouse control means that controls to start and stop the 
engines and control the direction and speed of the propeller of the 
vessel are located at the operating station.
    Piping system includes piping, fittings, and appurtenances as 
described in Sec. 56.07-5 in subchapter F of this chapter.
    Port light means a hinged glass window, generally circular, in a 
vessel's side or deckhouse for light and ventilation.
    Protected waters is a term used in connection with stability 
criteria and means sheltered waters presenting no special hazards such 
as most rivers, harbors, and lakes, and is not determined to be exposed 
waters or partially protected waters by the OCMI.
    Pre-engineered means, when referring to a fixed gas fire 
extinguishing system, a system that is designed and tested to be 
suitable for installation without modification, as a complete unit in a 
space of a set volume, regardless of the specific design of the vessel 
on which it is installed.
    Rivers means a route on any of the following waters:
    (1) A river;
    (2) A canal; or
    (3) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Safety areas include any of the following spaces:
    (1) Control spaces;
    (2) Stairways and stairtowers;
    (3) Corridors;
    (4) Embarkation stations;
    (5) Areas of refuge; or
    (6) Embarkation spaces.
    Sailing vessel means a vessel principally equipped for propulsion 
by sail even if the vessel has an auxiliary means of propulsion.
    Scantlings means the dimensions of all structural parts such as 
frames, girders, and plating, used in building a vessel.
    Scupper means a pipe or tube of at least 30 millimeters (1.25 
inches) in diameter leading down from a deck or sole and through the 
hull to drain water overboard.
    Self-bailing cockpit means a cockpit, with watertight sides and 
floor (sole), that is designed to free itself of water by gravity 
drainage through scuppers.
    Service space means a high risk service space or a low risk service 
space.
    Ship's service loads means services necessary for maintaining the 
vessel in normal operational and habitable conditions. These loads 
include, but are not limited to, safety, lighting, ventilation, 
navigational, and communications loads.
    Short international voyage means an international voyage where:
    (1) The vessel is not more than 200 nautical miles from a port or 
place in which the passengers and crew could be placed in safety; and
    (2) The total distance between the last port of call in the country 
in which the voyage began and the final port of destination does not 
exceed 600 nautical miles.
    Smoke developed rating means the numeric value assigned to a 
material when tested in accordance with ASTM E-84 or UL 723 by an 
independent laboratory.
    Specific optical density means the numeric value assigned to a 
material 

[[Page 890]]
when tested in accordance with ASTM E-662 by an independent laboratory.
    Stairtower (2) means a fully enclosed group of stairways located 
within a common enclosure.
    Stairway (2) means an inclined means of escape between two decks.
    Standard fire test means a test in which a specimen is exposed in a 
test furnace to temperatures corresponding to the standard time-
temperature curve. The specimen must resemble, as closely as possible, 
the intended construction and include, where appropriate, at least one 
joint. The standard time-temperature curve is defined by a smooth curve 
drawn through the following points, starting at ambient temperature:
    (1) At the end of 05 minutes--556  deg.C (1,033  deg.F);
    (2) At the end of 10 minutes--659  deg.C (1,218  deg.F);
    (3) At the end of 15 minutes--718  deg.C (1,324  deg.F);
    (4) At the end of 30 minutes--821  deg.C (1,509  deg.F); and
    (5) At the end of 60 minutes--925  deg.C (1,697  deg.F).
    Steel or equivalent material means steel or any noncombustible 
material that, by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural 
and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the standard 
fire test.
    Stepped main vertical zone means a main vertical zone in which the 
main vertical zone bulkhead is not in a continuous plane on adjoining 
decks.
    Survival craft means a lifeboat, rigid liferaft, inflatable 
liferaft, life float, inflatable buoyant apparatus, buoyant apparatus, 
or a small boat carried aboard a vessel in accordance with 
Sec. 117.200(b) of this subchapter.
    Switchboard means an electrical panel that receives power from a 
generator, battery, or other electrical power source and distributes 
power directly or indirectly to all equipment supplied by the 
generating plant.
    Trunk means a vertical shaft or duct for the passage of pipes, 
wires, or other devices.
    Vehicle space (11) means a space not on an open deck, for the 
carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks, into and from 
which such vehicles can be driven and to which passengers have access.
    Veneer means a thin covering of combustible material on bulkheads, 
bulkhead panels, or furniture.
    Vessel includes every description of watercraft or other artificial 
contrivance, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation 
on water.
    Vessel of the United States means a vessel documented or numbered 
under the laws of the United States, the states of the United States, 
Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the District of 
Columbia, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or 
possession of the United States.
    Warm water means water where the monthly mean low water temperature 
is normally more than 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit).
    Watertight means designed and constructed to withstand a static 
head of water without any leakage, except that ``watertight'' for the 
purposes of electrical equipment means enclosed so that water does not 
enter the equipment when a stream of water from a hose with a nozzle 
one inch in diameter that delivers at least 246 liters (65 gallons) per 
minute is sprayed on the enclosure from any direction from a distance 
of ten feet for five minutes.
    Weather deck means a deck that is partially or completely exposed 
to the weather from above or from at least two sides.
    Weathertight means that water will not penetrate in any sea 
condition, except that ``weathertight equipment'' means equipment 
constructed or protected so that exposure to a beating rain will not 
result in the entrance of water.
    Well deck vessel means a vessel with a weather deck fitted with 
solid bulwarks that impede the drainage of water over the sides or a 
vessel with an exposed recess in the weather deck extending more than 
one-half of the length of the vessel measured over the weather deck.
    Wire means an individual insulated conductor without an outer 
protective jacket.
    Work space means a space, not normally occupied by a passenger, in 
which a crew member performs work and includes, but is not limited to, 
a galley, operating station, or machinery space.


Sec. 114.540  Equivalents.

    (a) The Commandant may approve any arrangement, fitting, appliance, 
apparatus, equipment, calculation, information, or test, which provides 
a level of safety equivalent to that established by specific provisions 
of this subchapter. Requests for approval must be submitted to the 
Marine Safety Center. If necessary, the Marine Safety Center may 
require engineering evaluations and tests to demonstrate the 
equivalence of the substitute.
    (b) The Commandant may accept compliance by a high speed craft with 
the provisions of the pending International Maritime Organization (IMO) 
``Code of Safety for High Speed Craft'' as an equivalent to compliance 
with applicable requirements of this subchapter. Requests for a 
determination of equivalency for a particular vessel must be submitted 
to the Marine Safety Center.
    (c) The Commandant may approve a novel lifesaving appliance or 
arrangement as an equivalent if it has performance characteristics at 
least equivalent to the appliance or arrangement required under this 
part, and:
    (1) Is evaluated and tested under IMO Resolution A.520(13), ``Code 
of Practice for the Evaluation, Testing and Acceptance of Prototype 
Novel Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements''; or
    (2) Has successfully undergone an evaluation and tests that are 
substantially equivalent to those recommendations.


Sec. 114.550  Special consideration.

    In applying the provisions of this subchapter, the OCMI may give 
special consideration to authorizing departures from the specific 
requirements when unusual circumstances or arrangements warrant such 
departures and an equivalent level of safety is provided. The OCMI of 
each marine inspection zone in which a vessel operates must approve any 
special consideration granted to the vessel.


Sec. 114.560  Appeals.

    Any person directly affected by a decision or action taken under 
this subchapter, by or on behalf of the Coast Guard, may appeal 
therefrom in accordance with Sec. 1.03 in subchapter A of this chapter.


Sec. 114.600  Incorporation by reference.

    (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this 
subchapter with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in 
accordance with Title 5 United States Code (U.S.C.) 552(a) and Title 1 
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 51. To enforce any edition other 
than that specified in paragraph (b) of this section, the Coast Guard 
must publish a notice of change in the Federal Register and make the 
material available to the public. All approved material is on file at 
the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., 
suite 700 Washington, DC, and at the U.S. Coast Guard, Standards 
Evaluation and Development Division (G-MES), 2100 Second Street SW., 
Washington, DC 20593-0001 and is available from the sources indicated 
in paragraph (b) of this section.

[[Page 891]]

    (b) The material approved for incorporation by reference in this 
subchapter and the sections affected are:

American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC)

3069 Solomon's Island Road, Edgewater, MD 21037

A-1-93--Marine Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems............121.240
A-3-93--Galley Stoves...........................................121.200
A-7-70--Boat Heating Systems....................................121.200
A-22-93--Marine Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Systems............121.240
H-25-94--Portable Gasoline Fuel Systems for Flammable Liquids...119.458
P-1-93--Installation of Exhaust Systems for Propulsion and 
Auxiliary Engines.............................116.405; 119.425; 119.430

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)

ABS Plaza, 16855 Northchase Drive, Houston, TX 77060

Rules for Building and Classing Aluminum Vessels, 1975..........116.300
Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, 1995....119.410; 120.360
Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 61 Meters 
(200 Feet) in Length, 1983......................................116.300
Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels for Service on 
Rivers and Intracoastal Waterways, 1995.........................116.300

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017

A 17.1-1984, including supplements A 17.1a and b-1985--Safety 
Code for Elevators and Escalators...............................120.540
B 31.1-1986--Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping.............119.710
Z 26.1-1977, including 1980 supplement--Safety Glazing Materials 
For Glazing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways..........116.1030

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103

         B-117-73 (Reapproved 1979)--Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
                                                    ............114.400
D-93-94--Flash Point By Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester........114.400
D-635-91--Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of 
Self-supporting Plastics in a Horizontal Position...............119.440
D-2863-91--Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support 
Candle-like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)...............119.440
         E-84-94--Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
                                  ............114.400; 116.422; 116.423
E-648-94a--Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using 
a Radiant Heat Energy Source...........................114.400; 116.423
E-662-94a--Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid 
Materials..............................................114.400; 116.423

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)

IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854

Standard 45-1977--Recommended Practice for Electrical 
Installations on Shipboard......................................120.340

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 
7SR

Code of Practice for the Evaluation, Testing and Acceptance of 
Prototype Novel Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements--
Resolution A.520(13), dated 17 November 1983.................114.540(c)
Use and Fitting of Retro-Reflective Materials on Life-Saving 
Appliances, Resolution A.658(16), dated 20 November 1989........122.604
Fire Test Procedures For Ignitability of Bedding Components, 
Resolution A.688(17) dated 06 November 1991..................116.405(j)
Symbols Related to Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements, 
Resolution A.760(18) dated 17 November 1993..................122.604(g)

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101

NFPA 10-1994--Portable Fire Extinguishers.......................115.810
NFPA 13-1994--Installation of Sprinkler Systems.................116.439
NFPA 17-1994--Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems................118.425
NFPA 17A-1994--Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems...............118.425
NFPA 70-1993--National Electrical Code (NEC)
Section 250-95..................................................120.370
Section 310-13..................................................120.340
Section 310-15..................................................120.340
Article 430.....................................................120.320
Article 445.....................................................120.320
NFPA 92B-1991--Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and 
Large Areas.....................................................116.440
NFPA 261-1994--Test For Determining Resistance of Mock-up 
Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by 
Smoldering Cigarettes..................................114.400; 116.423
          NFPA 302-1994--Pleasure and Commercial Motor Craft, Chapter 6
                                          .............121.200; 121.240
NFPA 306-1993--Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels................115.710
NFPA 701-1989--Fire Tests For Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films 
                                                                116.423
NFPA 1963-1993--Fire Hose Connections...........................118.320

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)

12 Laboratory Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

UL 19-1992--Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies.................118.320
UL 174-1989, as amended through June 23, 1994--Household Electric 
Storage Tank Water Heaters......................................119.320
UL 486A-1992--Wire Connectors and Soldering Lugs For Use With 
Copper Conductors...............................................120.340
UL 489-1995--Molded-Case Circuit Breakers and Circuit Breaker 
Enclosures......................................................120.380
UL 595-1991--Marine Type Electric Lighting Fixtures.............120.410
UL 710-1990, as amended through September 16, 1993--Exhaust Hoods 
For Commercial Cooking Equipment................................118.425
UL 723-1993, as amended through April 20, 1994--Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials........114.400; 116.422; 116.423; 
                                                                116.425
UL 1056-1989--Fire Test of Upholstered Furniture................116.423
UL 1058-1989, as amended through April 19, 1994--Halogenated 
Agent Extinguishing System Units................................118.410
UL 1102-1992--Non integral Marine Fuel Tanks....................119.440
UL 1104-1981, as amended through May 4, 1988--Marine Navigation 
Lights..........................................................120.420
UL 1110-1988, as amended through May 16, 1994--Marine Combustible 
Gas Indicators..................................................119.480
UL 1453-1988, as amended through June 7, 1994--Electric Booster 
and Commercial Storage Tank Water Heaters.......................119.320
UL 1570-1995--Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures.....................120.410
UL 1571-1995--Incandescent Lighting Fixtures....................120.410
UL 1572-1995--High Intensity Discharge Lighting Fixtures........120.410
UL 1573-1995--Stage and Studio Lighting Units...................120.410
UL 1574-1995--Track Lighting Systems............................120.410


Sec. 114.800  Approved equipment and material.

    (a) Equipment and material that is required by this subchapter to 
be approved or of an approved type, must have been manufactured and 
approved in accordance with the design and testing requirements in 
subchapter Q (Equipment, Construction, and Materials: Specifications 
and Approval) of this chapter or as otherwise specified by the 
Commandant.
    (b) Notice regarding equipment approvals is published in the 
Federal Register. Coast Guard publication COMDTINST M16714.3 (Series), 
``Equipment Lists, Items Approved, Certificated or Accepted under 
Marine Inspection and Navigation Laws,'' lists 

[[Page 892]]
approved equipment by type and manufacturer. COMDTINST M16714.3 
(Series) may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Mail 
Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328.


Sec. 114.900  OMB control numbers.

    (a) Purpose. This section lists the control numbers assigned to 
information collection and recordkeeping requirements in this 
subchapter by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) pursuant to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et. seq.). The Coast 
Guard intends that this section comply with the requirements of 44 
U.S.C. 3507(f), which requires that agencies display a current control 
number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency 
information collection requirement.
    (b) Display.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
46 CFR Section                                                          
     where                                                              
identified and                   Current OMB Control No.                
   described                                                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
115.105(a)....  2115-0578                                               
115.202.......  2115-0578                                               
115.204.......  2115-0578                                               
115.302.......  2115-0578                                               
115.306.......  2115-0578                                               
115.310.......  2115-0578                                               
115.500(a)....  2115-0578                                               
115.612.......  2115-0578                                               
115.700.......  2115-0578                                               
115.704.......  2115-0578                                               
115.710.......  2115-0578                                               
115.810(b)....  2115-0578                                               
115.920(c)....  2115-0578                                               
115.930.......  2115-0578                                               
116.202.......  2115-0578                                               
116.330.......  2115-0578                                               
116.340.......  2115-0578                                               
116.520.......  2115-0578                                               
116.530.......  2115-0578                                               
116.610(f)....  2115-0578                                               
120.220(d)....  2115-0578                                               
120.320(d)....  2115-0578                                               
and (e).......  ........................................................
121.420.......  2115-0578                                               
121.506.......  2115-0578                                               
122.202.......  2115-0003                                               
122.206.......  2115-0003                                               
122.208.......  2115-0578                                               
122.220.......  2115-0578                                               
122.230.......  2115-0578                                               
122.280.......  2115-0578                                               
122.282.......  2115-0578                                               
122.340(c)....  2115-0578                                               
122.402.......  2115-0578                                               
122.420.......  will be displayed when assigned by OMB                  
122.502.......  2115-0578                                               
122.503.......  2115-0578                                               
122.504.......  2115-0578                                               
122.506.......  2115-0578                                               
122.510.......  2115-0578                                               
122.514.......  2115-0578                                               
122.515.......  2115-0578                                               
122.516.......  2115-0578                                               
122.518.......  2115-0578                                               
122.520.......  will be displayed when assigned by OMB                  
122.524.......  will be displayed when assigned by OMB                  
122.602.......  2115-0578                                               
122.604.......  2115-0578                                               
122.606.......  2115-0578                                               
122.608.......  2115-0578                                               
122.610.......  2115-0578                                               
122.612.......  2115-0578                                               
122.702.......  2115-0578                                               
122.704(c)....  2115-0578                                               
122.728(c)....  will be displayed when assigned by OMB                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 115--INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION

Subpart A--Certificate of Inspection

Sec.
115.100  When required.
115.103  Description.
115.105  How to obtain or renew.
115.107  Period of validity.
115.110  Routes permitted.
115.112  Total persons permitted.
115.113  Passengers permitted.
115.114  Alternative requirements for a vessel operating as other 
than a small passenger vessel.
115.120  Certificate of Inspection amendment.

Subpart B--Special Permits and Certificates

115.202  Permit to proceed.
115.204  Permit to carry excursion party.

Subpart C--Posting of certificates, permits, and stability letters

115.302  Certificates and permits.
115.306  Stability letter.
115.310  Certification expiration date stickers.

Subpart D--Inspection for Certification

115.400  General.
115.402  Initial inspection for certification.
115.404  Subsequent inspections for certification.

Subpart E--Reinspection

115.500  When required.
115.502  Scope.

Subpart F--Hull and Tailshaft Examinations

115.600  Drydock and internal structural examination intervals.
115.610  Scope of drydock and internal structural examinations.
115.612  Notice and plans required.
115.630  Tailshaft examinations.
115.670  Extension of examination intervals.

Subpart G--Repairs and Alterations

115.700  Permission for repairs and alterations.
115.702  Installation tests and inspections.
115.704  Breaking of safety valve seals.
115.710  Inspection and testing prior to hot work.

Subpart H--Material Inspections

115.800  Inspection standards.
115.801  Notice of inspection deficiencies and requirements.
115.802  Hull.
115.804  Machinery.
115.806  Electrical.
115.808  Lifesaving.
115.810  Fire protection.
115.812  Pressure vessels and boilers.
115.814  Steering systems.
115.816  Miscellaneous systems and equipment.
115.818  Sanitary inspection.
115.830  Unsafe practices.
115.840  Additional tests and inspections.

Subpart I--International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as 
Amended (SOLAS)

115.900  Applicability.
115.910  Passenger Ship Safety Certificate.
115.920  Exemptions.
115.930  Equivalents.

    Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(j); 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; 49 U.S.C. 
App. 1804; E.O. 11735, 38 FR 21243, 3 CFR, 1971-1975 Comp., p. 743; 
E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--Certificate of Inspection


Sec. 115.100  When required.

    (a) A vessel to which this subchapter applies may not be operated 
without having on board a valid U.S. Coast Guard Certificate of 
Inspection.
    (b) Except as noted in Sec. 115.114 of this part, each vessel 
inspected and certificated under the provisions of this subchapter 
must, when any passengers are aboard during the tenure of the 
certificate, be in full compliance with the terms of the certificate.
    (c) If necessary to prevent delay of the vessel, a temporary 
Certificate of Inspection may be issued pending the issuance and 
delivery of the regular Certificate of Inspection. The temporary 
certificate must be carried in the same manner as the regular 
certificate and is considered the same as the regular Certificate of 
Inspection which it represents.
    (d) A vessel on a foreign voyage between a port in the United 
States and a port in a foreign country, whose Certificate of Inspection 
expires during the voyage, may lawfully complete the voyage without a 
valid Certificate of Inspection provided the voyage is completed within 
30 days of expiration and the certificate did not expire within 15 days 
of sailing on the foreign voyage from a U.S. port.


Sec. 115.103  Description.

    The Certificate of Inspection issued to a vessel describes the 
vessel, the route(s) that it may travel, the minimum manning 
requirements, the survival and rescue craft carried, the minimum fire 

[[Page 893]]
extinguishing equipment and lifejackets required to be carried, the 
maximum number of passengers and total persons that may be carried, the 
number of passengers the vessel may carry in overnight accommodation 
spaces, the name of the owner and managing operator, any equivalences 
accepted or authorized by the Commandant or any Officer in Charge, 
Marine Inspection (OCMI) in accordance with Sec. 114.540 or 114.550 of 
this subchapter and such other conditions of operations as may be 
determined by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 115.105  How to obtain or renew.

    (a) A Certificate of Inspection is obtained or renewed by making 
application on Form CG 3752, ``Application for Inspection of U.S. 
Vessel,'' to the Coast Guard OCMI of the marine inspection zone in 
which the inspection is to be made. Form CG-3752 may be obtained at any 
U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office or Marine Inspection Office.
    (b) The application for initial inspection of a vessel being newly 
constructed or converted must be submitted prior to the start of the 
construction or conversion.
    (c) The construction, arrangement, and equipment of each vessel 
must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI as a prerequisite of the 
issuance of the initial Certificate of Inspection. Acceptance is based 
on the information, specifications, drawings and calculations available 
to the OCMI, and on the successful completion of an initial inspection 
for certification.
    (d) A Certificate of Inspection is renewed by the issuance of a new 
Certificate of Inspection.
    (e) The condition of the vessel and its equipment must be 
acceptable to the cognizant OCMI as a prerequisite to the Certificate 
of Inspection renewal. Acceptance is based on the condition of the 
vessel as found at the periodic inspection for certification.


Sec. 115.107  Period of validity.

    (a) A Certificate of Inspection is issued for a period of three 
years.
    (b) A Certificate of Inspection may be suspended and withdrawn or 
revoked by the cognizant OCMI at any time for noncompliance with the 
requirements of this subchapter.


Sec. 115.110  Routes permitted.

    (a) The area of operation for each vessel and any necessary 
operational limits are determined by the cognizant OCMI, and recorded 
on the vessel's Certificate of Inspection. Each area of operation, 
referred to as a route, is described on the Certificate of Inspection 
under the major headings ``Oceans,'' ``Coastwise,'' ``Limited 
Coastwise,'' ``Great Lakes,'' ``Lakes, Bays, and Sounds,'' or 
``Rivers,'' as applicable. Further limitations imposed or extensions 
granted are described by reference to bodies of waters, geographical 
points, distance from geographical points, distances from land, depths 
of channel, seasonal limitations, and similar factors.
    (b) Operation of a vessel on a route of lesser severity than those 
specifically described or designated on the Certificate of Inspection 
is permitted unless expressly prohibited on the certificate of 
Inspection. The general order of severity of routes is: oceans, 
coastwise, limited coastwise, Great Lakes, lakes, bays, and sounds, and 
rivers. The cognizant OCMI may prohibit a vessel from operating on a 
route of lesser severity than the primary route a vessel is authorized 
to operate on if local conditions necessitate such a restriction.
    (c) Non-self-propelled vessels are prohibited from operating on an 
oceans, coastwise, limited coastwise, or Great Lakes route unless the 
Commandant approves such a route.
    (d) When designating a permitted route or imposing any operational 
limits on a vessel, the OCMI may consider:
    (1) Requirements of this subchapter for which compliance is based 
on the route of the vessel;
    (2) The performance capabilities of the vessel based on design, 
scantlings, stability, subdivision, propulsion, speed, operating modes, 
maneuverability, other characteristics; and
    (3) The suitability of the vessel for night-time operations and use 
in all weather conditions.


Sec. 115.112  Total persons permitted.

    The cognizant OCMI determines the total number of persons permitted 
to be carried on a vessel. In determining the total number of persons 
permitted to be carried, the OCMI may consider stability restrictions 
and subdivision requirements of the vessel, the vessel's route, general 
arrangement, means of escape, lifesaving equipment, the minimum manning 
requirements, and the maximum number of passengers permitted in 
accordance with Sec. 115.113 of this part.


Sec. 115.113  Passengers permitted.

    (a) The maximum number of passengers permitted must be not more 
than that allowed by the requirements of this section, except as 
authorized by the OCMI under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) The maximum number of passengers permitted on any vessel may be 
the greatest number permitted by the length of rail criterion, deck 
area criterion, or fixed seating criterion described in this paragraph 
or a combination of these criteria as allowed by paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (1) Length of rail criterion. One passenger may be permitted for 
each 760 millimeters (30 inches) of rail space available to the 
passengers at the periphery of each deck. The following rail space may 
not be used in determining the maximum number of passengers permitted:
    (i) Rail space in congested areas unsafe for passengers, such as 
near anchor handling equipment or line handling gear, in the way of 
sail booms, running rigging, or paddle wheels, or along pulpits;
    (ii) Rail space on stairways; and
    (iii) Rail space where persons standing in the space would block 
the line of vision of the licensed individual operating the vessel.
    (2) Deck area criterion. One passenger may be permitted for each 
0.9 square meters (10 square feet) of deck area available for the 
passengers' use. In computing such deck area, the areas occupied by the 
following must be excluded:
    (i) Areas for which the number of persons permitted is determined 
using the fixed seating criteria;
    (ii) Obstructions, including stairway and elevator enclosures, 
elevated stages, bars, and cashier stands, but not including slot 
machines, tables, or other room furnishings;
    (iii) Toilets and washrooms;
    (iv) Spaces occupied by and necessary for handling lifesaving 
equipment, anchor handling equipment or line handling gear, or in the 
way of sail booms or running rigging;
    (v) Spaces below deck that are unsuitable for passengers or that 
would not normally be used by passengers;
    (vi) Interior passageways less than 840 millimeters (34 inches) 
wide and passageways on open deck, less than 710 millimeters (28 
inches) wide;
    (vii) Bow pulpits, swimming platforms and areas that do not have a 
solid deck, such as netting on multi-hull vessels;
    (viii) Deck areas in way of paddle wheels; and
    (ix) Aisle area provided in accordance with Sec. 116.820(d) of this 
chapter.
    (3) Fixed seating criterion. One passenger may be permitted for 
each 455 millimeter (18 inches) of width of fixed seating provided by 
Sec. 116.820 of this chapter. Each sleeping berth in 

[[Page 894]]
overnight accommodation spaces shall be counted as only one seat.
    (c) Different passenger capacity criteria may be used on each deck 
of a vessel and added together to determine the total passenger 
capacity of that vessel. Where seats are provided on part of a deck and 
not on another, the number of passengers permitted on a vessel may be 
the sum of the number permitted by the seating criterion for the space 
having seats and the number permitted by the deck area criterion for 
the space having no seats. The length of rail criterion may not be 
combined with either the deck area criterion or the fixed seating 
criterion when determining the maximum number of passengers permitted 
on an individual deck.
    (d) For a vessel operating on short runs on protected waters such 
as a ferry, the cognizant OCMI may give special consideration to 
increases in passenger allowances.


Sec. 115.114  Alternative requirements for a vessel operating as other 
than a small passenger vessel.

    (a) When authorized by the cognizant OCMI by an endorsement of the 
vessel's Certificate of Inspection, a small passenger vessel carrying 
six or less passengers, or operating as a commercial fishing vessel or 
other uninspected vessel, or carrying less than twelve passengers and 
operating as a recreational vessel, need not meet requirements of:
    (1) Subparts C, D, and E, of Part 117 of this chapter if the vessel 
is in satisfactory compliance with the lifesaving equipment regulations 
for an uninspected vessel or recreational vessel in similar service;
    (2) Subpart C of Part 116 of this chapter and subchapter S of this 
chapter if the vessel is in satisfactory compliance with applicable 
regulations for an uninspected vessel or recreational vessel in a 
similar service or if the owner of the vessel otherwise establishes to 
the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI that the vessel is seaworthy for 
the intended service; and
    (3) Sections 121.404, 121.408, and 121.410 of this subchapter 
providing the vessel is in satisfactory compliance with any 
navigational equipment requirements for an uninspected or recreational 
vessel in a similar service.
    (b) A vessel operating under the alternative regulations of 
paragraph (a) of this section must:
    (1) Not alter the arrangement of the vessel nor remove any 
equipment required by the certificate for the intended operation, 
without the consent of the congnizant OCMI;
    (2) Comply with minimum manning specified on the Certificate of 
Inspection, which may include reduced manning depending on the number 
of passengers and operation of the vessel;
    (3) When carrying from one to six passengers except for a vessel 
being operated as a recreational vessel, make the announcement required 
by Sec. 122.506(a) of this subchapter before getting underway; and
    (4) If a vessel of more than 15 gross tons, not carry freight for 
hire.
    (c) The endorsement issued under paragraph (a) of this section must 
indicate the route, maximum number of passengers, and the manning 
required to operate under the provisions of this section.


Sec. 115.120  Certificate of Inspection amendment.

    (a) An amended Certificate of Inspection may be issued at any time 
by any OCMI. The amended Certificate of Inspection replaces the 
original, but the expiration date remains the same as that of the 
original. An amended Certificate of Inspection may be issued to 
authorize and record a change in the dimensions, gross tonnage, owner, 
managing operator, manning, persons permitted, route permitted, 
conditions of operations, or equipment of a vessel, from that specified 
in the current Certificate of Inspection.
    (b) A request for an amended Certificate of Inspection must be made 
to the cognizant OCMI by the owner or managing operator of the vessel 
at any time there is a change in the character of a vessel or in its 
route, equipment, ownership, operation, or other similar factors 
specified in its current Certificate of Inspection.
    (c) The OCMI may require an inspection prior to the issuance of an 
amended Certificate of Inspection.

Subpart B--Special Permits and Certificates


Sec. 115.202  Permit to proceed.

    (a) When a vessel is not in compliance with its Certificate of 
Inspection or fails to comply with a regulation of this subchapter, the 
cognizant OCMI may permit the vessel to proceed to another port for 
repair if, in the judgment of the OCMI, the trip can be completed 
safely, even if the Certificate of Inspection of the vessel has expired 
or is about to expire.
    (b) Form CG-948, ``Permit to Proceed to another Port for Repairs,'' 
may be issued by the cognizant OCMI to the owner, managing operator, or 
the master of the vessel stating the conditions under which the vessel 
may proceed to another port. The permit may be issued only upon the 
written application of the owner, managing operator, or master, and 
after the vessel's Certificate of Inspection is turned over to the 
OCMI.
    (c) A vessel may not carry passengers when operating in accordance 
with a permit to proceed, unless the cognizant OCMI determines that it 
is safe to do so.


Sec. 115.204  Permit to carry excursion party.

    (a) The cognizant OCMI may permit a vessel to engage in a temporary 
excursion operation with a greater number of persons or on a more 
extended route, or both, than permitted by its Certificate of 
Inspection when, in the opinion of the OCMI, the operation can be 
undertaken safely.
    (b) Upon the written application of the owner or managing operator 
of the vessel, the cognizant OCMI may issue a Form CG-949, ``Permit to 
Carry Excursion Party.'' to indicate his or her permission to carry an 
excursion party. The OCMI will indicate on the permit the conditions 
under which it is issued, the number of persons the vessel may carry, 
the crew required, any additional lifesaving or safety equipment 
required, the route for which the permit is granted, and the dates on 
which the permit is valid.
    (c) The number of passengers normally permitted on an excursion 
vessel is governed by Sec. 115.113 of this part.
    (d) The OCMI will not normally waive applicable minimum safety 
standards when issuing an excursion permit. In particular, a vessel 
that is being issued an excursion permit will normally be required to 
meet the minimum stability, survival craft, life jacket, fire safety, 
and manning standards applicable to a vessel in the service for which 
the excursion permit is requested
    (E) The permit acts as a temporary, limited duration supplement to 
the vessel's Certificate of Inspection and must be carried with the 
Certificate of Inspection. A vessel operating under a permit to carry 
an excursion party must be in full compliance with the terms of its 
Certificate of Inspection as supplemented by the permit.
    (f) The OCMI may require an inspection prior to the issuance of a 
permit to carry an excursion party.

Subpart C--Posting of Certificates, Permits, and Stability Letters


Sec. 115.302  Certificates and permits.

    The Certificate of Inspection and any SOLAS Certificates must be 
posted under glass or other suitable transparent material, such that 
all pages are visible, in a conspicuous place on the vessel 

[[Page 895]]
where observation by passengers is likely. If posting is impracticable, 
such as on open boats, the certificates must be kept on board in a 
weathertight container readily available for use by the crew and for 
display to passengers and others on request.


Sec. 115.306  Stability letter.

    When, in accordance with Sec. 170.120 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, a vessel must be provided with a stability letter, the 
stability letter must be posted under glass or other suitable 
transparent material, such that all pages are visible, at the operating 
station of the vessel. If posting is impracticable, the stability 
letter must be kept on board in a weathertight container readily 
available for use by the crew and for display to passengers and others 
on request.


Sec. 115.310  Certification expiration date stickers.

    (a) A Certification Expiration Date Sticker indicates the date upon 
which the vessel's Certificate of Inspection expires and is provided by 
the cognizant OCMI in the number required, upon issuance or renewal of 
the Certificate of Inspection.
    (b) A vessel that is issued a Certificate of Inspection under the 
provisions of this subchapter must not be operated without a valid 
Certification Expiration Date Sticker affixed to the vessel on a place 
that is:
    (1) A glass or other smooth surface from which the sticker may be 
removed without damage to the vessel:
    (2) Readily visible to each passenger prior to boarding the vessel 
and to patrolling Coast Guard law enforcement personnel; and
    (3) Acceptable to the Coast Guard marine inspector.
    (c) The Coast Guard marine inspector may require the placement of 
more than one sticker in order to insure compliance with paragraph 
(b)(2) of this section.

Subpart D--Inspection for Certification


Sec. 115.400  General.

    (a) An inspection is required before the issuance of a Certificate 
of Inspection. Such an inspection for certification is not made until 
after receipt of the application for inspection required by 
Sec. 115.105 of this part.
    (b) Upon receipt of a written application for inspection, the 
cognizant OCMI assigns a marine inspector to inspect the vessel for 
compliance with this subchapter at a time and place mutually agreed 
upon by the OCMI and the owner, managing operator, or representative 
thereof.
    (c) The owner, managing operator, or a representative thereof shall 
be present during the inspection.


Sec. 115.402  Initial inspection for certification.

    (a) Before construction or conversion of a vessel intended for 
small passenger vessel service, the owner of the vessel shall submit 
plans, manuals, and calculations indicating the proposed arrangement, 
construction, and operations of the vessel, to the Marine Safety Center 
for approval. The plans, manuals, and calculations required to be 
submitted and the disposition of these plans are set forth in Part 116, 
Subpart B of this subchapter.
    (b) The initial inspection is conducted to determine that the 
vessel and its equipment comply with applicable regulations and that 
the vessel was built or converted in accordance with approved plans, 
manuals, and calculations. Additionally, during the inspection, the 
materials, workmanship, and condition of all parts of the vessel and 
its machinery and equipment may be checked to determine if the vessel 
is satisfactory in all respects for the service intended.
    (c) The owner or managing operator of a vessel shall ensure that 
the vessel complies with the laws and regulations applicable to the 
vessel and that the vessel is otherwise satisfactory for the intended 
service. The initial inspection may include an inspection of the 
following items:
    (1) The arrangement, installation, materials, and scantlings of the 
structure including the hull and superstructure, yards, masts, spars, 
rigging, sails, piping, main and auxiliary machinery, pressure vessels, 
steering apparatus, electrical installations, fire resistant 
construction materials, lifesaving appliances, fire detecting and 
extinguishing equipment, pollution prevention equipment, and all other 
equipment;
    (2) Arrangement and means of emergency egress;
    (3) Sanitary conditions and fire hazards; and
    (4) Certificates and operating manuals, including certificates 
issued by the Federal Communications Commission.
    (d) During an initial inspection for certification the owner or 
managing operator shall conduct all tests and make the vessel available 
for all applicable inspections discussed in this paragraph, and in 
Subpart H of this part, as applicable, to the satisfaction of the 
cognizant OCMI, including the following:
    (1) The installation of each rescue boat, liferaft, inflatable 
buoyant apparatus, and launching appliance as listed on its Certificate 
of Approval (Form CGHQ-10030).
    (2) The operation of each rescue boat and survival craft launching 
appliance required by Part 117 of this subchapter.
    (3) Machinery, fuel tanks, and pressure vessels required by Part 
119 of this subchapter.
    (4) A stability test when required by Sec. 170.175 in subchapter S 
of this chapter.
    (5) Watertight bulkheads as required by Subchapter S of this 
chapter.
    (6) Firefighting systems as required by Part 118 of this 
subchapter.
    (7) The operation of all smoke and fire detecting systems, fire 
alarms and sensors, and fire confining appliances (such as fire screen 
doors and fire dampers).


Sec. 115.404  Subsequent inspections for certification.

    An inspection for renewal of a Certificate of Inspection normally 
includes inspection and testing of the structure, machinery, equipment, 
and on a sailing vessel, rigging and sails. The owner or managing 
operator shall conduct all tests as required by the marine inspector, 
and make the vessel available for all specific inspections and drills 
required by Subpart H of this part. In addition, the OCMI may require 
the vessel to get underway as part of the inspection for certification. 
The inspection is conducted to determine if the vessel is in 
satisfactory condition, fit for the service intended, and complies with 
the applicable regulations in this subchapter.

Subpart E--Reinspection


Sec. 115.500  When required.

    (a) The owner or managing operator shall make a vessel available 
for reinspections within 60 days of each anniversary of the date of 
issuance of the Certificate of Inspection during each triennial 
inspection period. The owner or managing operator shall contact the 
cognizant OCMI to arrange for a reinspection to be conducted at a time 
and place acceptable to the OCMI.
    (b) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 
section, a reinspection may be made at such other times as may be 
required by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 115.502  Scope.

    In general, the scope of the reinspection is the same as the 
inspection for certification but in less detail unless it is determined 
that a 

[[Page 896]]
major change has occurred since the last inspection for certification.

Subpart F--Hull and Tailshaft Examinations


Sec. 115.600  Drydock and internal structural examination intervals.

    (a) The owner or managing operator shall make a vessel available 
for drydock examinations and internal structural examinations required 
by this section.
    (b) A vessel making an international voyage must undergo a drydock 
examination and an internal structural examination at least once every 
12 months. If the vessel becomes due for a drydock examination or an 
internal structural examination during the voyage, it may lawfully 
complete the voyage prior to the examination if it undergoes the 
required examination upon completion of the voyage to the United States 
but not later than 30 days after the examination is due. If the vessel 
is due for an examination within 15 days of sailing on an international 
voyage from a United States port, it must undergo the required 
examination before sailing.
    (c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, a vessel 
not making an international voyage must undergo a drydock examination 
and an internal structural examination as follows:
    (1) A vessel that is exposed to salt water more than three months 
in any 12 month period since the last examination must undergo a 
drydock examination and an internal structural examination at least 
once every two years; and
    (2) A vessel that is exposed to salt water not more than three 
months in any 12 month period since the last examination must undergo a 
drydock examination and an internal structural examination at least 
once every five years.
    (d) Whenever damage or deterioration to hull plating or structural 
members that may affect the seaworthiness of a vessel is discovered or 
suspected, the cognizant OCMI may conduct an internal structural 
examination in any affected space, including fuel tanks, and may 
require the vessel to be drydocked or taken out of service to assess 
the extent of the damage, and to effect permanent repairs. The OCMI may 
also decrease the drydock examination intervals to monitor the vessel's 
structural condition.


Sec. 115.610  Scope of drydock and internal structural examinations.

    (a) A drydock examination conducted in compliance with Sec. 115.600 
of this part must be conducted while the vessel is hauled out of the 
water or placed in a drydock or slipway. During the examination all 
accessible parts of the vessel's underwater body and all through hull 
fittings, including the hull plating, appendages, propellers, shafts, 
bearings, rudders, sea chests, sea valves, and sea strainers shall be 
made available for examination. Sea chests, sea valves, and sea 
strainers must be opened for examination.
    (b) An internal structural examination conducted in compliance with 
Sec. 115.600 of this part may be conducted while the vessel is afloat 
or out of the water and consists of a complete examination of the 
vessel's main strength members, including the major internal framing, 
the hull plating, voids, and ballast, cargo, and fuel oil tanks. Where 
the internal framing or plating of the vessel is concealed, sections of 
the lining, ceiling or insulation may be removed or the parts otherwise 
probed or exposed so that the inspector may be satisfied as to the 
condition of the hull structure. Fuel oil tanks need not be cleaned out 
and internally examined if the marine inspector is able to determine by 
external examination that the general condition of the tanks is 
satisfactory.


Sec. 115.612  Notice and plans required.

    (a) The owner or managing operator shall notify the cognizant OCMI 
as far in advance as possible whenever a vessel is to be hauled out or 
placed in a drydock or slipway in compliance with Sec. 115.600 of this 
part or to undergo repairs or alterations affecting the safety of the 
vessel, together with the nature of any repairs or alterations 
contemplated. Hull repairs or alterations that affect the safety of the 
vessel include but are not limited to the replacement, repair, or 
refastening of planking, plating, or structural members, including the 
repair of cracks in the hull.
    (b) Whenever a vessel is hauled out or placed in a drydock or 
slipway in excess of the requirements of this subpart for the purpose 
of maintenance, such as changing a propeller, painting, or cleaning the 
hull, no report need be made to the cognizant OCMI.
    (c) The owner or managing operator of each vessel that holds a Load 
Line Certificate shall make plans showing the vessel's scantlings 
available to the Coast Guard marine inspector whenever the vessel 
undergoes a drydock examination or internal structural examination or 
whenever repairs or alterations affecting the safety or seaworthiness 
of the vessel are made to the vessel's hull.


Sec. 115.630  Tailshaft examinations.

    (a) The marine inspector may require any part or all of the 
propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting and 
stern bearing of a vessel whenever the condition of the shafting and 
bearings are in question.
    (b) The marine inspector may conduct a visual examination and may 
require nondestructive testing of the propeller shafting whenever the 
condition of shafting is in question.


Sec. 115.670  Extension of examination intervals.

    The intervals between drydock examinations and internal structural 
examinations specified in Sec. 115.600 of this part may be extended by 
the cognizant OCMI or Commandant.

Subpart G--Repairs and Alterations


Sec. 115.700  Permission for repairs and alterations.

    (a) Repairs or alterations to the hull, machinery, or equipment 
that affect the safety of the vessel must not be made without the 
approval of the cognizant OCMI, except during an emergency. When 
repairs are made during an emergency, the owner, managing operator, or 
master shall notify the OCMI as soon as practicable after such repairs 
or alterations are made. Repairs or alterations that affect the safety 
of the vessel include, but are not limited to, the: replacement, 
repair, or refastening of deck or hull planking, plating, and 
structural members; repair of plate or frame cracks; damage repair or 
replacement, other than replacement in kind, of electrical wiring, fuel 
lines, tanks, boilers and other pressure vessels, and steering, 
propulsion and power supply systems; alterations affecting stability; 
and repair or alteration of livesaving, fire detecting, or fire 
extinguishing equipment.
    (b) The owner or managing operator shall submit drawings, sketches, 
or written specifications describing the details of any proposed 
alterations to the cognizant OCMI. Proposed alterations must be 
approved by the OCMI before work is started.
    (c) Drawings are not required to be submitted for repairs or 
replacements in kind.
    (d) The OCMI may require an inspection and testing whenever a 
repair or alteration is undertaken.


Sec. 115.702  Installation tests and inspections.

    Whenever a launching appliance, survival craft, rescue boat, fixed 
gas fire extinguishing system, machinery, fuel tank, or pressure vessel 
is installed aboard a vessel after completion of the initial inspection 
for certification of the vessel, as replacement equipment or as a new 
installation, the owner or 

[[Page 897]]
managing operator shall conduct the tests and make the vessel ready for 
the inspections required by Sec. 115.402(d) of this part to the 
satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 115.704  Breaking of safety valve seals.

    The owner, managing operator, or master shall notify the cognizant 
OCMI as soon as practicable after the seal on a boiler safety valve on 
a vessel is broken.


Sec. 115.710  Inspection and testing prior to hot work.

    (a) An inspection for flammable or combustible gases must be 
conducted by a certified marine chemist or other person authorized by 
the cognizant OCMI in accordance with the provisions of National Fire 
Protection Association (NFPA) 306, ``Control of Gas Hazards on 
Vessels,'' before alterations, repairs, or other operations involving 
riveting, welding, burning, or other fire producing actions may be made 
aboard a vessel:
    (1) Within or on the boundaries of fuel tanks; or
    (2) To pipelines, heating coils, pumps, fittings, or other 
appurtenances connected to fuel tanks.
    (b) An inspection required by paragraph (a) of this section must be 
conducted as required by this paragraph.
    (1) In ports or places in the United States or its territories and 
possessions, the inspection must be conducted by a marine chemist 
certificated by the NFPA. However, if the services of a certified 
marine chemist are not reasonably available, the cognizant OCMI, upon 
the recommendation of the vessel owner or managing operator, may 
authorize another person to inspect the vessel. If the inspection 
indicates that the operations can be undertaken safely, a certificate 
setting forth this fact in writing must be issued by the certified 
marine chemist or the authorized person before the work is started. The 
certificate must include any requirements necessary to reasonably 
maintain safe conditions in the spaces certified throughout the 
operation, including any precautions necessary to eliminate or minimize 
hazards that may be present from protective coatings or residues from 
cargoes.
    (2) When not in a port or place in the United States or its 
territories and possessions, and when a marine chemist or person 
authorized by the cognizant OCMI is not reasonably available, the 
master shall conduct the inspection and enter the results of the 
inspection in the vessel's logbook.
    (c) The owner, managing operator, or master shall obtain a copy of 
certificates issued by the certified marine chemist or the other person 
authorized by the cognizant OCMI, and shall ensure that all conditions 
on the certificates are observed and that the vessel is maintained in a 
safe condition. The owner, managing operator, or master shall maintain 
a safe condition on the vessel by requiring full observance, by persons 
under his or her control, of all requirements listed in the 
certificate.

Subpart H--Material Inspections


Sec. 115.800  Inspection standards.

    (a) A vessel is inspected for compliance with the standards 
required by this subchapter. Machinery, equipment, materials, and 
arrangements not covered by standards in this subchapter may be 
inspected in accordance with standards acceptable to the cognizant OCMI 
as good marine practice.
    (b) In the application of inspection standards due consideration 
must be given to the hazards involved in the operation permitted by a 
vessel's Certificate of Inspection. Thus, the standards may vary in 
accordance with the vessel's area of operation or any other operational 
restrictions or limitations.
    (c) The published standards of classification societies and other 
recognized safety associations may be used as guides in the inspection 
of vessels when such standards do not conflict with the requirements of 
this subchapter.


Sec. 115.801  Notice of inspection deficiencies and requirements.

    (a) If during the inspection of a vessel, the vessel or its 
equipment is found not to conform to the requirements of law or the 
regulations in this subchapter, the marine inspector will point out 
deficiencies observed and discuss all requirements with the owner, 
managing operator, or a representative thereof. Normally, the marine 
inspector will list all such requirements that have not been completed 
and present the list to the owner, managing operator, or a 
representative thereof. However, when a deficiency presents a serious 
safety hazard to the vessel or it's passengers or crew, and exists 
through negligence or willful noncompliance, the marine inspector may 
issue a Report of Violation (ROV) to the owner, managing operator, or a 
representative thereof.
    (b) In any case where further clarification of or reconsideration 
of any requirement placed against the vessel is desired, the owner, 
managing operator, or a representative thereof, may discuss the matter 
with the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 115.802  Hull.

    (a) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of 
a vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspections of the hull structure 
and its appurtenances, including the following:
    (1) Inspection of all accessible parts of the exterior and interior 
of the hull, the watertight bulkheads, and weather decks;
    (2) Inspection and operation of all watertight closures in the 
hull, decks, and bulkheads including through hull fittings and sea 
valves;
    (3) Inspection of the condition of the superstructure, masts, and 
similar arrangements constructed on the hull, and on a sailing vessel 
all spars, standing rigging, running rigging, blocks, fittings, and 
sails;
    (4) Inspection of all railings and bulwarks and their attachment to 
the hull structure;
    (5) Inspection to ensure that guards or rails are provided in 
dangerous places;
    (6) Inspection and operation of all weathertight closures above the 
weather deck and the provisions for drainage of sea water from the 
exposed decks; and
    (7) Inspection of all interior spaces to ensure that they are 
adequately ventilated and drained, and that means of escape are 
adequate and properly maintained.
    (b) The vessel must be afloat for at least a portion of the 
inspection as required by the marine inspector.
    (c) When required by the marine inspector, a portion of the 
inspection must be conducted while the vessel is underway so that the 
working of the hull can be observed.


Sec. 115.804  Machinery.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of a 
vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspections of machinery, fuel, and 
piping systems, including the following:
    (a) Operation of the main propulsion machinery both ahead and 
astern;
    (b) Operational test and inspection of engine control mechanisms 
including primary and alternate means of starting machinery;
    (c) Inspection of all machinery essential to the routine operation 
of the vessel including generators and cooling systems;
    (d) External inspection of fuel tanks and inspection of tank vents, 
piping, and pipe fittings;

[[Page 898]]

    (e) Inspection of all fuel systems;
    (f) Operational test of all valves in fuel lines by operating 
locally and at remote operating positions;
    (g) Operational test of all overboard discharge and intake valves 
and watertight bulkhead pipe penetration valves;
    (h) Operational test of the means provided for pumping bilges; and
    (i) Test of machinery alarms including bilge high level alarms.


Sec. 115.806  Electrical.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of a 
vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspection of electrical equipment 
and systems, including the following:
    (a) Inspection of all cable as far as practicable without undue 
disturbance of the cable or electrical apparatus;
    (b) Test of circuit breakers by manual operation;
    (c) Inspection of fuses including ensuring the ratings of fuses are 
suitable for the service intended;
    (d) Inspection of rotating electrical machinery essential to the 
routine operation of the vessel;
    (e) Inspection of all generators, motors, lighting fixtures and 
circuit interrupting devices located in spaces or areas that may 
contain flammable vapors;
    (f) Inspection of batteries for condition and security of stowage;
    (g) Operational test of electrical apparatus, which operates as 
part of or in conjunction with a fire detection or alarm system 
installed on board the vessel, by simulating, as closely as 
practicable, the actual operation in case of fire; and
    (h) Operational test of all emergency electrical systems.


Sec. 115.808  Lifesaving.

    (a) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of 
a vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspection of lifesaving equipment 
and systems, including the following:
    (1) Tests of each rescue boat and each rescue boat launching 
appliance and survival craft launching appliance in accordance with 
Sec. 71.25-15 in subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter;
    (2) Inspection of each lifejacket, work vest, and marine buoyant 
device;
    (3) If used, inspection of the passenger safety orientation cards 
or pamphlets allowed by Sec. 122.506(b) of this subchapter;
    (4) Inspection of each inflatable liferaft and inflatable 
lifejacket to determine that it has been serviced as required by 
Sec. 122.730 of this subchapter; and
    (5) Inspection of each hydrostatic release unit to determine that 
it is in compliance with the servicing and usage requirements of 
Sec. 122.740 of this subchapter.
    (b) Each item of lifesaving equipment determined by the marine 
inspector to not be in serviceable condition must be repaired or 
replaced.
    (c) Each item of lifesaving equipment with an expiration date on it 
must be replaced if the expiration date has passed.
    (d) The owner or managing operator shall destroy, in the presence 
of the marine inspector, each lifejacket, other personal flotation 
device, and other lifesaving device found to be defective and incapable 
of repair.
    (e) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of 
a vessel, the vessel must be equipped with an adult size lifejacket for 
each person authorized. The vessel must also be equipped with child 
size lifejackets equal to at least:
    (1) 10 percent of the maximum number of passengers permitted to be 
carried unless children are prohibited from being carried aboard the 
vessel; or
    (2) 5 percent of the maximum number of passengers permitted to be 
carried if all extended size lifejackets are provided.
    (f) Life jackets, work vests, and marine buoyant devices may be 
marked with the date and marine inspection zone to indicate that they 
have been inspected and found to be in serviceable condition by a 
marine inspector.
    (g) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification, 
the marine inspector may require that an abandon ship or man overboard 
drill be held under simulated emergency conditions specified by the 
inspector.


Sec. 115.810  Fire protection.

    (a) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification, 
the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct tests and 
have the vessel ready for inspection of its fire protection equipment, 
including the following:
    (1) Inspection of each hand portable fire extinguisher, 
semiportable fire extinguisher, and fixed gas fire extinguishing system 
to check for excessive corrosion and general condition;
    (2) Inspection of piping, controls, and valves, and the inspection 
and testing of alarms and ventilation shutdowns, for each fixed gas 
fire extinguishing system and detecting system to determine that the 
system is in operating condition;
    (3) Operation of the fire main system and checking of the pressure 
at the most remote and highest outlets;
    (4) Testing of each firehose to a test pressure equivalent to its 
maximum service pressure;
    (5) Checking of each cylinder containing compressed gas to ensure 
it has been tested and marked in accordance with Sec. 147.60 in 
subchapter N of this chapter;
    (6) Testing or renewal of flexible connections and discharge hoses 
on semiportable extinguishers and fixed gas extinguishing systems in 
accordance with Sec. 147.65 in subchapter N of this chapter; and
    (7) Inspection and testing of smoke and fire detecting systems 
(including sensors and alarms) and fire confining appliances (such as 
fire screen doors and fire dampers).
    (b) The owner, managing operator, or a qualified servicing facility 
as applicable shall conduct the following inspections and tests:
    (1) For portable fire extinguishers, the inspections, maintenance 
procedures and hydrostatic pressure tests required by Chapter 4 of NFPA 
10, ``Portable Fire Extinguishers,'' with the frequency specified by 
NFPA 10. In addition, carbon dioxide and halon portable fire 
extinguishers must be refilled when the net content weight loss exceeds 
that specified for fixed systems by Table 115.810(b). The owner or 
managing operator shall provide satisfactory evidence of the required 
servicing to the marine inspector. If any of the equipment or records 
have not been properly maintained, a qualified servicing facility may 
be required to perform the required inspections, maintenance 
procedures, and hydrostatic pressure tests. A tag issued by a qualified 
servicing organization, and attached to each extinguisher, may be 
accepted as evidence that the necessary maintenance procedures have 
been conducted.
    (2) For semiportable and fixed gas fire extinguishing systems, the 
inspections and tests required by Table 115.810(b), in addition to the 
tests required by Secs. 147.60 and 147.65 in subchapter N of this 
chapter. The owner or managing operator shall provide satisfactory 
evidence of the required servicing to the marine inspector. If any of 
the equipment or records have not been properly maintained, a qualified 
servicing facility may be required to perform the required inspections, 
maintenance procedures, and hydrostatic pressure tests.

                                                                        

[[Page 899]]
  Table 115.810(b).--Semiportable and Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Type system                              Test                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carbon dioxide...............  Weigh cylinders. Recharge if weight loss 
                                exceeds 10% of weight of charge. Test   
                                time delays, alarms, and ventilation    
                                shutdowns with carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
                                or other nonflammable gas as stated in  
                                the system manufacturer's instruction   
                                manual. Inspection hoses and nozzles to 
                                be sure they are clean.                 
    Halon....................  Weigh cylinders. Recharge if weight loss 
                                exceeds 5% of weight of charge. If the  
                                system has a pressure gauge, also       
                                recharge if pressure loss (adjusted for 
                                temperature) exceeds 10%. Test time     
                                delays, alarms, and ventilation         
                                shutdowns with carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
                                or other nonflammable gas as stated in  
                                the system manufacturer's instruction   
                                manual. Inspect hoses and nozzles to be 
                                sure they are clean.                    
Dry Chemical (cartridge        Examine pressure cartridge and replace if
 operated).                     end is punctured or if determined to    
                                have leaked or to be in unsuitable      
                                condition. Inspect hose and nozzle to   
                                see if they are clear. Insert charged   
                                cartridge. Ensure dry chemical is free  
                                flowing (not caked) and extinguisher    
                                contains full charge.                   
Dry chemical (stored           See that pressure gauge is in operating  
 pressure).                     range. If not, or if the seal is broken,
                                weigh or otherwise determine that       
                                extinguisher is fully charged with dry  
                                chemical. Recharge if pressure is low or
                                if dry chemical is needed.              
    Foam (stored pressure)...  See that pressure gauge, if so equipped, 
                                is in the operating range. If not, or if
                                the seal is broken, weight or otherwise 
                                determine that extinguisher is fully    
                                charged with foam. Recharge if pressure 
                                is low or if foam is needed. Replace    
                                premixed agent every 3 years.           
    Clean Agents (Halon        (To be developed).                       
     replacements).                                                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------



    (c) The owner, managing operator, or master shall destroy, in the 
presence of the marine inspector, each fire hose found to be defective 
and incapable of repair.
    (d) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification, 
the marine inspector may require that a fire drill be held under 
simulated emergency conditions to be specified by the inspector.


Sec. 115.812  Pressure vessels and boilers.

    (a) Periodic inspection and testing requirements for pressure 
vessels are contained in Sec. 61.10 in subchapter F of this chapter.
    (b) Periodic inspection and testing requirements for boilers are 
contained in Sec. 61.05 in subchapter F of this chapter.


Sec. 115.814  Steering systems.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification the 
owner or managing operator shall be prepared to test the steering 
systems of the vessel and make them available for inspection to the 
extent necessary to determine that they are in suitable condition and 
fit for the service intended. Servo-type power systems, such as 
orbitrol systems, must be tested and capable of smooth operation by a 
single person in the manual mode, with hydraulic pumps secured.


Sec. 115.816  Miscellaneous systems and equipment.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification the 
owner or managing operator shall be prepared to test and make available 
for inspection all items in the ship's outfit, such as ground tackle, 
navigation lights and equipment, markings, and placards, which are 
required to be carried by the regulations in this subchapter, as 
necessary to determine that they are fit for the service intended.


Sec. 115.818  Sanitary inspection.

    At each inspection for certification and at every other vessel 
inspection, quarters, toilet and washing spaces, galleys, serving 
pantries, lockers, and similar spaces may be examined to determine that 
they are serviceable and in a sanitary condition.


Sec. 115.830  Unsafe practices.

    (a) At each inspection for certification and at every other vessel 
inspection all observed unsafe practices, fire hazards, and other 
hazardous situations must be corrected and all required guards and 
protective devices must be in satisfactory condition.
    (b) At each inspection for certification and at every other vessel 
inspection the bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that 
there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other 
matter that might create a fire hazard, clog bilge pumping systems, or 
block emergency escapes.


Sec. 115.840  Additional tests and inspections.

    The cognizant OCMI may require that a vessel and its equipment 
undergo any additional test or inspection deemed reasonable and 
necessary to determine that the vessel and its equipment are suitable 
for the service in which they are to be employed.

Subpart I--International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea, 
1974, as Amended (SOLAS)


Sec. 115.900  Applicability.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, a mechanically 
propelled vessel of the United States, which carries more than 12 
passengers on an international voyage must be in compliance with the 
applicable requirements of the International Convention for Safety of 
Life at Sea, 1974, as Amended (SOLAS), to which the United States 
Government is currently a party.
    (b) SOLAS does not apply to a vessel solely navigating the Great 
Lakes and the St. Lawrence River as far east as a straight line drawn 
from Cap des Rosiers to West Point, Anticosti Island and, on the north 
side of Anticosti Island, the 63rd Meridian.


Sec. 115.910  Passenger Ship Safety Certificate.

    (a) A vessel that carries more than 12 passengers on an 
international voyage must have a valid SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety 
Certificate. The Commandant issues the original SOLAS Passenger Ship 
Safety Certificate after receiving notification from the cognizant OCMI 
that the vessel complies with the applicable SOLAS regulations. 
Subsequent SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificates are issued by the 
cognizant OCMI unless any changes to the vessel or its operations have 
occurred that changes the information on the certificate, in which case 
the Commandant will reissue the certificate.
    (b) The route specified on the Certificate of Inspection and the 
SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate must agree.
    (c) A SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate is issued for a 
period of not more than 12 months.
    (d) The SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate may be withdrawn, 
revoked, or suspended at any time when the vessel is not in compliance 
with applicable SOLAS requirements.

[[Page 900]]



Sec. 115.920  Exemptions.

    (a) In accordance with Chapter I (General Provisions) Regulation 4, 
of SOLAS, the Commandant may exempt a vessel, which is not normally 
engaged on an international voyage but that in exceptional 
circumstances is required to undertake a single international voyage, 
from any of the requirements of SOLAS provided that the vessel complies 
with safety requirements that are adequate in the Commandant's opinion 
for the voyage that is to be undertaken.
    (b) In accordance with Chapter II-1 (Construction--Subdivision and 
Stability, Machinery and Electrical Installations) Regulation 1, 
Chapter II-2 (Construction--Fire Protection, Fire Detection and Fire 
Extinction) Regulation 1, and Chapter III (Life Saving Appliances and 
Arrangements) Regulation 2 of SOLAS, the Commandant may exempt a vessel 
that does not proceed more than 20 miles from the nearest land from any 
of the specific requirements of Chapters II-1, II-2, and III of SOLAS 
if the Commandant determines that the sheltered nature and conditions 
of the voyage are such as to render the application of such 
requirements unreasonable or unnecessary.
    (c) The Commandant may exempt a vessel from requirements of the 
regulations of SOLAS in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this 
section upon a written request from the owner or managing operator 
submitted to the Commandant via the cognizant OCMI.
    (d) When the Commandant grants an exemption to a vessel in 
accordance with this section, the Commandant will issue the original 
SOLAS Exemption Certificate describing the exemption. Subsequent SOLAS 
Exemption Certificates are issued by the cognizant OCMI unless any 
changes to the vessel or its operations have occurred that changes the 
information on the SOLAS Exemption or Passenger Ship Safety 
Certificates, in which case the Commandant shall reissue the 
certificate. A SOLAS Exemption Certificate is not valid for longer than 
the period of the SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate to which it 
refers.


Sec. 115.930  Equivalents.

    In accordance with Chapter I (General Provisions) Regulation 5, of 
SOLAS, the Commandant may accept an equivalent to a particular fitting, 
material, appliance, apparatus, or any particular provision required by 
the SOLAS regulations if satisfied that such equivalent is as least as 
effective as that required by the regulations. An owner or managing 
operator of a vessel may submit a request for the acceptance of an 
equivalent following the procedures in Sec. 114.540 of this subchapter. 
The Commandant will indicate the acceptance of an equivalent on the 
vessel's SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate.

PART 116--CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
116.100  General requirements.
116.105  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Plans

116.202  Plans and information required.
116.210  Plans for sister vessels.

Subpart C--Hull Structure

116.300  Structural design.
116.330  Sailing vessels.
116.340  Alternate design considerations.

Subpart D--Fire Protection

116.400  Application.
116.405  General arrangement and outfitting.
116.415  Fire control boundaries.
116.422  Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish and decorations.
116.423  Furniture and furnishings.
116.425  Deck coverings.
116.427  Fire load of accommodation and service spaces.
116.430  Insulation other than for structural fire protection.
116.433  Windows and air ports in fire control boundaries.
116.435  Doors.
116.438  Stairtowers, stairways, ladders, and elevators.
116.439  Balconies.
116.440  Atriums.

Subpart E--Escape and Embarkation Station Requirements

116.500  Means of escape.
116.510  Embarkation stations.
116.520  Emergency evacuation plan.
116.530  Fire control plan

Subpart F--Ventilation

116.600  Ventilation of enclosed and partially enclosed spaces.
116.610  Ventilation ducts.
116.620  Ventilation of machinery and fuel tank spaces.

Subpart G--Crew Spaces

116.700  General requirements.
116.710  Overnight accommodations.
116.730  Crew accommodations on vessels of more than 19.8 meters (65 
feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers.

Subpart H--Passenger Accommodations

116.800  General requirements.
116.810  Overnight accommodations.
116.820  Seating.

Subpart I--Rails and Guards

116.900  Deck rails.
116.920  Storm rails.
116.940  Guards in vehicle spaces.
116.960  Guards for exposed hazards.
116.970  Protection against hot piping.

Subpart J--Window Construction and Visibility

116.1010  Safety glazing materials.
116.1020  Strength.
116.1030  Operating station visibility .

Subpart K--Drainage and Watertight Integrity of Weather Decks

116.1110  Drainage of flush deck vessels.
116.1120  Drainage of cockpit vessels, well deck vessels, and open 
boats.
116.1160  Watertight integrity.

Subpart L--Ballast Systems

116.1200  Ballast.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 116.100  General requirements.

    (a) The construction and arrangement of a vessel must allow the 
safe operation of the vessel in accordance with the terms of its 
Certificate of Inspection giving consideration to provisions for a 
seaworthy hull, protection against fire, means of escape in case of a 
sudden unexpected casualty, guards and rails in hazardous places, 
ventilation of enclosed spaces, and necessary facilities for passengers 
and crew.
    (b) Vessels to which this subchapter applies must meet the 
applicable provisions in Subchapter S (Subdivision and Stability) of 
this chapter, except that the requirements in Subpart K of this part 
may be met in lieu of the requirements of Secs. 171.124 through 171.155 
in subchapter S of this chapter.


Sec. 116.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraph (b) of this section, 
an existing vessel must comply with the construction and arrangement 
regulations that were applicable to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, 
as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the regulations in this 
part.
    (b) Alterations or modifications made to the structure or 
arrangements of an existing vessel regulated by this part, that are a 
major conversion, on or after March 11, 1996, must comply with the 
regulations of this part. Repairs or maintenance conducted on an 
existing vessel, resulting in no significant changes to the original 
structure or arrangement of the vessel, must comply with the 
regulations applicable to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, as an 
alternative, with the regulations in this part. However, when outfit 
items such as furnishings and mattresses are renewed, they must comply 
with the regulations in this part.

[[Page 901]]


Subpart B--Plans


Sec. 116.202  Plans and information required.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec. 116.210 of this part, the owner of a 
vessel requesting initial inspection for certification shall, prior to 
the start of construction, submit for approval to the Commanding 
Officer, U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Center (Marine Safety Center), 
400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590-0001, three copies of the 
following plans:
    (1) Outboard profile;
    (2) Inboard profile; and
    (3) Arrangement of decks.
    (b) In addition, the owner shall, prior to receiving a Certificate 
of Inspection, submit for approval to the Marine Safety Center, three 
copies of the following plans, manuals, analyses, and calculations that 
are applicable to the vessel as determined by the Commanding Officer, 
Marine Safety Center:
    (1) Midship section;
    (2) Structural fire protection details;
    (3) Fire load calculations of accommodations and service spaces, if 
required in Sec. 116.427 of this part;
    (4) Emergency evacuation plan required in Sec. 116.520, of this 
part with drawings showing embarkation stations, areas of refuge, and 
escape routes;
    (5) Machinery installation, including but not limited to:
    (i) Propulsion and propulsion control, including shaft details;
    (ii) Steering and steering control, including rudder details;
    (iii) Ventilation diagrams; and
    (iv) Engine exhaust diagram;
    (6) Electrical installation including, but not limited to:
    (i) Elementary one-line diagram of the power system;
    (ii) Cable lists;
    (iii) Bills of materials;
    (iv) Type and size of generators and prime movers;
    (v) Type and size of generator cables, bus-tie cables, feeders, and 
branch circuit cables;
    (vi) Power, lighting, and interior communication panelboards with 
number of circuits and rating of energy consuming devices;
    (vii) Type and capacity of storage batteries;
    (viii) Rating of circuit breakers and switches, interrupting 
capacity of circuit breakers, and rating and setting of overcurrent 
devices;
    (ix) Electrical plant load analysis; and
    (x) For a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers, an overcurrent 
protective device coordination analysis if the information required by 
paragraph (a)(8)(i) through (a)(8)(ix) of this section is not 
considered adequate by the cognizant OCMI to review the electrical 
system of the vessel;
    (7) Lifesaving equipment locations and installation;
    (8) Fire protection equipment installation including, but not 
limited to:
    (i) Fire main system plans and calculations;
    (ii) Fixed gas fire extinguishing system plans and calculations;
    (iii) Fire detecting system and smoke detecting system plans;
    (iv) Sprinkler system diagram and calculations; and
    (v) Portable fire extinguisher types, sizes and locations;
    (9) Fuel tanks;
    (10) Piping systems including: bilge, ballast, hydraulic, sanitary, 
compressed air, combustible and flammable liquids, vents, soundings, 
and overflows;
    (11) Hull penetrations and shell connections;
    (12) Marine sanitation device model number, approval number, 
connecting wiring and piping:
    (13) Lines and offsets, curves of form, cross curves of stability, 
and tank capacities including size and location on vessel; and
    (14) On sailing vessels;
    (i) Masts, including integration into the ship's structure; and
    (ii) Rigging plan showing sail areas and centers of effort as well 
as the arrangement, dimensions, and connections of the standing 
rigging.
    (c) For a vessel, the construction of which was begun prior to 
approval of the plans and information required by paragraphs (a) and 
(b) of this section, the cognizant OCMI may require any additional 
plans and information, manufacturers' certifications of construction, 
testing including reasonable destructive testing, and inspections, 
which the OCMI determines are necessary to verify that the vessel 
complies with the requirements of this subchapter.


Sec. 116.210  Plans for sister vessels.

    (a) Plans are not required for a vessel that is a sister vessel, 
provided:
    (1) Approved plans for the original vessel are on file at the 
Marine Safety Center or in the files of the cognizant OCMI;
    (2) The owner of the plans authorizes their use for the new 
construction of the sister vessel;
    (3) The regulations used for the original plan approval have not 
changed since the original approval; and
    (4) There are no major modifications to any of the systems to be 
used.
    (b) If approved plans for original vessel are not on file at the 
Marine Safety Center (MSC) or with the cognizant OCMI, the vessel owner 
shall submit plans as described in Sec. 116.202 of this part.

Subpart C--Hull Structure


Sec. 116.300  Structural design.

    Except as otherwise allowed by this subpart, a vessel must comply 
with the structural design requirements of one of the standards listed 
below for the hull material of the vessel.
    (a) Steel hull vessels:
    (1) Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Yachts and 
Small Craft, Lloyd's Register of Shipping (Lloyd's); or
    (2) Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 61 Meters 
(200 Feet) in Length, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS);
    (b) Aluminum hull vessels:
    (1) Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Yachts and 
Small Craft, Lloyd's; or
    (i) For a vessel of more than 30.5 meters (100 feet) in length--
Rules for Building and Classing Aluminum Vessels, ABS; or
    (ii) For a vessel of not more than 30.5 meters (100 feet) in 
length--Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 61 Meters 
(200 Feet) in Length, ABS, with the appropriate conversions from the 
ABS Rules for Building and Classing Aluminum Vessels;
    (c) Steel hull vessels operating in protected waters--Rules for 
Building and Classing Steel Vessels for Service on Rivers and 
Intracoastal Waterways, ABS.


Sec. 116.300  Sailing vessels.

    The design, materials, and construction of masts, posts, yards, 
booms, bowsprits, and standing rigging on a sailing vessel must be 
suitable for the intended service. The hull structure must be 
adequately reinforced to ensure sufficient strength and resistance to 
plate buckling. The cognizant OCMI may require the owner to submit 
detailed calculations on the strength of the mast, post, yards, booms, 
bowsprits, and standing rigging.


Sec. 116.340  Alternate design considerations.

    The Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center, may approve the 
structure of a vessel of novel design, unusual form, or special 
materials, which does not meet the requirements of Sec. 116.300, if it 
is shown by systematic analysis based on engineering principles that 
the vessel structure provides adequate safety and strength. An owner 

[[Page 902]]
seeking approval of an alternate design shall submit detailed plans, 
material component specifications, and design criteria, including the 
expected operating environment, resulting loads on the vessel, and 
design limitations for such a vessel, to the Marine Safety Center.

Supbart D--Fire Protection


Sec. 116.400  Application.

    (a) This subpart applies to:
    (1) Vessels carrying more than 150 passengers; or
    (2) Vessels with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers but not more than 150 passengers.
    (b) A vessel with overnight accommodations for more than 150 
passengers must comply with Sec. 72.05 in subchapter H of this chapter.


Sec. 116.405  General arrangement and outfitting.

    (a) Fire hazards to be minimized. The general construction of the 
vessel must be such as to minimize fire hazards insofar as it is 
reasonable and practicable.
    (b) Combustible materials to be limited. Limited amounts of 
combustible materials such as wiring insulation, pipe hanger linings, 
nonmetallic (plastic) pipe, and cable ties are permitted in concealed 
spaces except as otherwise prohibited by this subpart.
    (c) Combustibles insulated from heated surfaces. Internal 
combustion engine exhausts, boiler and galley uptakes, and similar 
sources of ignition must be kept clear of and suitably insulated from 
combustible material.
    (d) Separation of machinery and fuel tank spaces from accommodation 
spaces. Machinery and fuel tank spaces must be separated from 
accommodation spaces by boundaries that prevent the passage of vapors.
    (e) Paint and flammable liquid lockers. Paint and flammable liquid 
lockers must be constructed of steel or equivalent material, or wholly 
lined with steel or equivalent material.
    (f) Nonmetallic piping in concealed spaces. The use of short runs 
of nonmetallic (plastic) pipe within a concealed space in a control 
space, accommodation space, or service space is permitted in nonvital 
service only, provided it is not used to carry flammable liquids 
(including liquors of 80 proof or higher) and:
    (1) Has flame spread rating of not more than 20 and a smoke 
developed rating of not more than 50 when filled with water and tested 
in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E-
84 ``Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials,'' 
or Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 723 ``Test for Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials,'' by an independent laboratory; 
or
    (2) Has a flame spread rating of not more than 20 and a smoke 
developed rating of not more than 130 when empty and tested in 
accordance with ASTM E-84 or UL 723 by an independent laboratory.
    (g) Vapor barriers. Vapor barriers must be provided where 
insulation of any type is used in spaces where flammable and 
combustible liquids or vapors are present, such as machinery spaces and 
paint lockers.
    (h) Interior finishes. Combustible interior finishes allowed by 
Sec. 116.422(d) of this part must not extend into hidden spaces, such 
as behind linings, above ceilings, or between bulkheads.
    (i) Waste Receptacles. Unless other means are provided to ensure 
that a potential waste receptacle fire would be limited to the 
receptacle, waste receptacles must be constructed of noncombustible 
materials with no openings in the sides or bottom.
    (j) Mattresses. All mattresses must comply with either:
    (1) The U.S. Department of Commerce Standard for Mattress 
Flammability (FF 4-72.16), 16 CFR Part 1632, Subpart A and not contain 
polyurethane foam; or,
    (2) International Maritime Organization Resolution A.688(17) ``Fire 
Test Procedures For Ignitability of Bedding Components.'' Mattresses 
that are tested to this standard may contain polyurethane foam.


Sec. 116.415  Fire control boundaries.

    (a) Type and construction of fire control bulkheads and decks.
    (1) Major hull structure--The hull, structural bulkheads, columns 
and stanchions, superstructures, and deckhouses must be composed of 
steel or equivalent material, except that where C'-Class construction 
is permitted by Tables 116.415(b) and (c), bulkheads and decks may be 
constructed of approved noncombustible materials.
    (2) Bulkheads and decks--Bulkheads and decks must be classed as A-
60, A-30, A-15, A-0, B-15, B-0, C, or C' based on the following:
    (i) A-Class bulkheads or decks must be composed of steel or 
equivalent material, suitably stiffened and made intact with the main 
structure of the vessel, such as the shell, structural bulkheads, and 
decks. They must be so constructed that, if subjected to the standard 
fire test, they are capable of preventing the passage of smoke and 
flame for 1 hour. In addition, they must be so insulated with approved 
structural insulation, bulkhead panels, or deck covering so that, if 
subjected to the standard fire test for the applicable time period 
listed below, the average temperature on the unexposed side does not 
rise more than 139 deg. C (250 deg. F) above the original temperature, 
nor does the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise 
more than 181 deg. C (325 deg. F) above the original temperature:

A-60 Class...............................  60 minutes                   
A-30 Class...............................  30 minutes                   
A-15 Class...............................  15 minutes                   
A-0 Class................................  0 minutes                    
                                                                        

    (ii) Penetrations in A-Class fire control boundaries for electrical 
cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc. must be constructed to prevent the 
passage of flame and smoke for one hour. In addition, the penetration 
must be designed or insulated so that it will withstand the same 
temperature rise limits as the boundary penetrated.
    (iii) B-Class bulkheads and decks must be constructed of 
noncombustible materials and made intact with the main structure of the 
vessel, such as shell, structural bulkheads, and decks, except that a 
B-Class bulkhead need not extend above an approved continuous B-Class 
ceiling. They must be so constructed that, if subjected to the standard 
fire test, they are capable of preventing the passage of flame for 30 
minutes. In addition, their insulation value must be such that, if 
subjected to the standard fire test for the applicable time period 
listed below, the average temperature of the unexposed side does not 
rise more than 139 deg. C (250 deg. F) above the original temperature, 
nor does the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise 
more than 225 deg. C (405 deg. F) above the original temperature:

B-15 Class...............................  15 minutes                   
B-0 Class................................  0 minutes                    
                                                                        

    (iv) Penetrations in B-Class fire control boundaries for electrical 
cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc. must be constructed to prevent the 
passage of flame for 30 minutes. In addition, the penetration must be 
designed or insulated so that it will withstand the same temperature 
rise limits as the boundary penetrated.
    (v) C-Class bulkheads and decks must be composed of noncombustible 
materials.
    (vi) C'-Class bulkheads and decks must be constructed of 
noncombustible materials and made intact with the main structure of the 
vessel, such as shell, 

[[Page 903]]
structural bulkheads, and decks, except that a C'-Class bulkhead need 
not extend above a continuous B-Class or C'-Class ceiling. C'-Class 
bulkheads must be constructed to prevent the passage of smoke between 
adjacent areas. Penetrations in C'-Class boundaries for electrical 
cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc. must be constructed so as to 
preserve the smoke-tight integrity of the boundary.
    (vii) Any sheathing, furring, or holding pieces incidental to the 
securing of structural insulation must be approved noncombustible 
material.
    (b) Bulkhead requirements. Bulkheads between various spaces must 
meet the requirements of Table 116.415(b).

                                                               Table 116.415(b) Bulkheads                                                               
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Spaces                 (1)        (2)       (3)       (4)       (5)       (7)       (8)       (9)      (10)      (11)      (12)      (13)  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Control Space (1)..............  B-0        A-0       A-0       A-0       A-15      A-60      A-0       A-60      A-60      A-60      A-0       A-0     
Stairway (2)...................  .........  C         A-0       A-0       A-0       A-60      A-0       A-15      A-15      A-15      A-0       A-0     
Corridor (3)...................  .........  ........  C         A-0       B-0       A-0       B-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
Embarkation Station (4)........  .........  ........  ........  C         A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       \1\ C     C       
Low Risk Accommodation (5).....  .........  ........  ........  ........  B-0       A-15      \2\ B-0   A-15      A-15      A-15      A-0       A-0     
High Risk Accommodation (7)....  .........  ........  ........  ........  ........  A-60      \2\ B-0   A-60      A-60      A-60      A-0       A-0     
Low risk service spaces (8)....  .........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  C         A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
High risk service spaces (9)...  .........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  \3\ C     A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
Machinery spaces (10)..........  .........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  C         A-0       A-0       A-0     
Cargo spaces (11)..............  .........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  A-0       A-0       A-0     
Voids, fuel and water tanks      .........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  \2\ C     \2\ C   
 (12).                                                                                                                                                  
Open decks (not safety areas)    .........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  C       
 (13).                                                                                                                                                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Boundaries of fuel tanks, auxiliary machinery spaces, and voids that contain a fire load in excess of .025 kPa (0.5 pounds per square foot) must be 
  minimum A-0 Class construction.                                                                                                                       
\2\ Toilet space boundaries may be reduced to C'-Class.                                                                                                 
\3\ C-Class bulkheads may be used between two similar spaces, such as between two storerooms; however, an A-0 Class bulkhead shall be used between two  
  dissimilar spaces, such as a storeroom and a workshop.                                                                                                

    (c) Deck requirements. Decks between various spaces must meet the 
requirements of Table 116.415(c), except that where linings or bulkhead 
panels are framed away from the shell or structural bulkheads, the deck 
within the void space so formed need only meet A-0 Class requirements.

                                                                Table 116.416(c).--Decks                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Space above               (1)        (2)       (3)       (4)       (5)       (7)       (8)       (9)      (10)      (11)      (12)      (13)  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Space below:                                                                                                                                            
  Control Space (1)............  A-0        A-0       A-15      A-0       A-0       A-30      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  Stairway (2).................  A-0        C         A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  Corridor (3).................  A-0        A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-15      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  Embarkation Space (4)........  A-0        A-0       A-0       C         A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       C\1\      C       
  Low Risk Accommodation (5)...  A-15       A-15      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-15      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  High Risk Accommodation (7)..  A-60       A-60      A-60      A-30      A-15      A-60      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  Low risk service spaces (8)..  A-0        A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  High risk service spaces (9).  A-60       A-30      A-30      A-30      A-15      A-60      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  Machinery spaces (10)........  A-60       A-60      A-60      A-30      A-15      A-60      A-0       A-0       C         A-0       A-0       A-0     
  Cargo spaces (11)............  A-60       A-30      A-30      A-30      A-15      A-60      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0     
  Voids, fuel tanks and water    A-0        A-0       A-0       C\1\      A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       C\1\      A-0     
   tanks (12).                                                                                                                                          
  Open decks (not safety areas)  A-0        A-0       A-0       C         A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0       A-0\1\    C       
   (13).                                                                                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Boundaries of fuel tanks, auxiliary machinery spaces, and voids that contain a fire load in excess of .025 kPa (0.5 pounds per square foot) must be  
  minimum A-0 Class construction.                                                                                                                       

    (d) Main vertical zones.
    (1) The hull, superstructure, and deck houses of a vessel, except 
for a vehicle space on a vehicle ferry, must be subdivided by bulkheads 
into main vertical zones which:
    (i) Are generally not more than 40 meters (131 feet) in mean length 
on any one deck;
    (ii) Must be constructed to:
    (A) The greater of A-30 Class or the requirements of paragraph (b) 
of this section, or;
    (B) Minimum A-0 Class where there is a Type 8, 12 or 13 space on 
either side of the division; and
    (iii) May have small horizontal steps, if the steps:
    (A) Do not exceed 20% of the mean length of the main vertical zone 
or 8 meters (26 feet), whichever is smaller; and
    (B) Must be constructed to A-60 Class, or minimum A-0 Class where 
there is a Type 8, 12 or 13 space on either side of the division.
    (iv) May be extended to a maximum mean length of 44 meters (144 
feet) on each deck by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center 
provided the maximum distance between the furthermost points of the 
bulkheads bounding the main vertical zone also does not exceed 44 
meters (144 feet).
    (2) Vehicle decks on a vehicle ferry must be subdivided. Where main 
vertical zones are impractical due to the vehicle carrying 
configuration, main horizontal zones may be provided. The decks 
bounding such a zone must be of at least A-30 construction or meet the 
requirements of paragraph (c) of this section, whichever is greater.
    (e) Draft stops. In concealed spaces above ceilings and between 
linings and the shell of a vessel, draft stops must be fitted not more 
than 13.7 meters (45 feet) apart in the horizontal direction 

[[Page 904]]
and at each deck level in the vertical direction unless otherwise 
permitted in paragraph (f). Draft stops must be of at least B-Class 
construction and be fitted in a vertical position.
    (f) On vessels with no overnight passenger accommodations, draft 
stops are not required above/around large public spaces provided all of 
the following conditions are met:
    (1) The space in question is surrounded by A-Class divisions or 
extends to the outer shell of the vessel.
    (2) The space in question is open and unobstructed such that a fire 
in any part of the space will quickly be discovered.
    (3) The area above the ceiling is easily accessible from below for 
fire fighting purposes.


Sec. 116.422  Ceilings, linings, trim, interior finish and decorations.

    (a) Ceilings, linings, and any furring incidental to their 
installation in control spaces, passageways, stairways, accommodation 
spaces and service spaces must be of noncombustible material in 
accordance with Sec. 164.009 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.
    (b) Bulkheads, linings and ceilings may be covered by a combustible 
interior finish provided that such a finish is:
    (1) Approved under Sec. 164.012 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or 
other standard specified by the Commandant; or
    (2) Listed by Underwriters Laboratories, does not exceed 20 
millimeters (.075 inches) in thickness, and has a flame spread rating 
of not more than 20 and a smoke developed rating of not more than 10 
when tested in accordance with ASTM E-84 or UL 723 by an independent 
laboratory.
    (c) Bulkheads, linings, and ceilings in high risk accommodation 
spaces may have a combustible veneer trim and decorations that does not 
meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, provided:
    (1) The overall thickness of the combustible veneer does not exceed 
20 millimeters (.075 inches); and
    (2) The total volume of the combustible face trim, moldings, and 
decorations, including veneers, in any space does not exceed a volume 
equivalent to a 2.5 millimeter (0.1 inch) veneer on the combined area 
of the bulkheads of the space.
    (d) Combustible veneers may not be used in passageways, stairway 
enclosures or in low risk accommodation spaces. Combustible veneers, 
trim and decorations may not be used in or extend into hidden spaces 
such as behind linings or ceilings.
    (e) Partial bulkheads or decks used to subdivide a space for 
artistic treatment and privacy must meet the requirements of Class C 
bulkheads.
    (f) Nothing in this subpart may be construed as prohibiting the 
covering of any surface, including the surfaces of corridors, stairway 
enclosures, and hidden spaces, with a reasonable number of coats of 
paint or with a marine finish meeting the requirements of Sec. 164.012 
in subchapter Q of this chapter or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.


Sec. 116.423  Furniture and furnishings.

    (a) For the purpose of this subpart, rooms containing ``fire 
resistant furnishings'' are considered to be those in which:
    (1) Furniture such as chairs, sofas, and similar items are tested 
and meet the requirements in UL 1056 ``Fire Test of Upholstered 
Furniture,'' or meet the requirements in Sec. 72.05-55 in subchapter H 
of this chapter.
    (2) Case furniture such as bookshelves, desks, cabinets, counters, 
beds, or other freestanding furniture are constructed in accordance 
with the requirements in Sec. 72.05-55 (a)(1) in subchapter H of this 
chapter
    (3) Draperies, curtains and other similar furnishings and 
decorations are flame resistant. These materials must be tested in 
accordance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 701 ``Fire 
Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films,'' and must comply with 
either the small or large scale tests.
    (4) Rugs and carpet may be used in addition to deck coverings. Rugs 
and carpets must be constructed of 100 percent wool or equivalent as 
determined by a flame spread rating not exceeding 75 and a smoke 
developed rating not exceeding 100 when tested according to ASTM E-84 
or have a critical radiant flux not less than 0.8 watts per square 
centimeter (18 BTU's per hour per square inch) when tested according to 
ASTM E-648 ``Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a 
Radiant Heat Energy Source,'' and with a specific optical density not 
to exceed 450 in both flaming and nonflaming modes when tested 
according to ASTM E-662 ``Specific Optical Density of Smoke generated 
by Solid Materials.'' Also:
    (i) Rugs and carpets shall not extend up bulkheads or vertical 
surfaces more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) above the deck.
    (ii) Rugs and carpets are not permitted in machinery spaces, high 
risk service spaces, or areas where the spillage or leakage of 
flammable or combustible liquids is possible including areas 
immediately adjacent to bar service areas.
    (b) Passageways and stairway enclosures shall contain only fire 
resistant furnishings. In addition, all upholstered chairs, sofas, 
etc., in these areas, shall be tested and meet the requirements in UL 
1056 or have padding and upholstery of approved fire resistant 
materials.


Sec. 116.425  Deck coverings.

    (a) Except as provided in this section, deck coverings used for 
leveling or finishing purposes in control spaces, stairway enclosures, 
passageways, accommodation spaces and service spaces must be 
noncombustible.
    (1) Materials approved under Sec. 164.006 in subchapter Q of this 
chapter may be used in thicknesses not to exceed the approved 
thickness.
    (2) Combustible deck leveling and finishing materials which are not 
approved under Sec. 164.006 in subchapter Q of this chapter may be used 
in a thickness not to exceed 9.5 millimeters (.375 inches).


Sec. 116.427  Fire load of accommodation and service spaces.

    (a) Fire load calculations must be submitted by the owner for 
review to the Marine Safety Center when:
    (1) A space is designated as a low risk accommodation or low risk 
service space by the owner; or
    (2) The cognizant OCMI determines, based on the quantity of 
combustibles, that the fire load present in a high risk accommodations 
space may exceed 37.5 kg (7.5 pounds) of combustibles per square meter 
(square foot) of deck area.
    (b) When required under paragraph (a) of this section, fire load 
calculations must include all combustible construction and outfitting 
materials in addition to all loose or freestanding combustibles 
intended for use or stowage in the space. This includes but is not 
limited to: furniture, furnishings, carpets, rugs, combustible deck 
coverings, draperies, combustible interior finish, veneers, trim, and 
decorations, electrical cable insulation, plastic piping, light 
diffusers, mattresses, bedding, lifesaving equipment, and similar 
materials. The maximum fire load of a low risk accommodation or low 
risk service space as determined by fire load calculations must not 
exceed 15.0 kg (3 pounds) of combustibles per square meter (square 
foot) of deck area. The maximum fire load of a high risk accommodation 
space as determined by fire load calculations must not exceed 37.5 kg 
(7.5 pounds) of combustibles per square meter (square foot) of deck 
area.

[[Page 905]]



Sec. 116.430  Insulation other than for structural fire protection.

    (a) Combustible insulation may be used for pipe and machinery 
covering or lagging within a machinery space, or used in an individual 
refrigerator box if the refrigerator box was purchased with the 
insulation already installed.
    (b) Except as allowed by paragraph (a) of this section, any 
insulation installed for purposes other than structural fire protection 
and all material incidental to its installation must be noncombustible 
or approved under Sec.  164.009 in subchapter Q of this chapter. 
Surfacing material applied to such insulation must be noncombustible or 
may meet the requirements of Sec. 116.422(c) of this part.


Sec. 116.433  Windows and air ports in fire control boundaries.

    (a) Windows or air ports must be of tempered or laminated glass of 
at least 6.5 millimeters (0.25 inches) in thickness. The use of other 
glazing material such as polycarbonate sheets may be approved by the 
Commandant for specific installations.
    (b) Windows or air ports in bulkheads adjacent to passageways must 
not extend below a point 910 millimeters (36 inches) above the deck 
unless storm rails, that are structurally independent of the glass, are 
fitted in the passageway.
    (c) Windows or air ports in A-Class bulkheads must be fitted with 
frames of steel or equivalent material. Glazing beads or angles of 
steel or equivalent material must be installed to hold glass in place 
in windows or air ports in a fire control boundary in event of a fire 
if:
    (1) Where a steel frame is used, it is not arranged to retain the 
glass in place; or
    (2) A frame of aluminum or other material with low melting point is 
used.
    (d) A window or air port that is adjacent to an embarkation 
station, escape route, or survival craft stowage must be:
    (1) Of A-Class construction; or
    (2) Fitted with shutters, operable from outside the space, of steel 
or equivalent material.
    (e) A window installed in an internal fire control boundary must 
comply with the requirements of Sec. 72.05-30 in subchapter H of this 
chapter, except that fire window frames and glazing material listed by 
Underwriters Laboratories may be used in B-Class bulkheads.
    (f) Windows in doors in fire control boundaries must comply with 
the requirements of paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section.


Sec. 116.435  Doors.

    (a) A door, other than a watertight door, must meet the 
requirements of this section.
    (b) A door in a fire control boundary must meet the following 
requirements:
    (1) A door in an accommodation space, stairway, stairtower, or 
corredor must be oriented vertically;
    (2) A door must be capable of operation from either side by one 
person;
    (3) With the exception of staterooms, a door in an accommodation 
space, stairway, stairtower, passageway, or control space must open in 
the direction of escape, where practicable;
    (4) Combustible veneers may be used on doors subject to the same 
restrictions as the fire control boundary in which the doors are 
fitted;
    (5) Door frames must be of rigid construction and provide at least 
a 12.7 millimeter (0.5 inch) overlap at the sides and top, except:
    (i) Double doors capable of independent operation and latching may 
have a clearance between the doors of not more than 3.2 millimeters 
(0.125 inches). However, if one door must always be closed first, means 
shall be provided to ensure that the doors close in the proper order; 
and
    (ii) A double swing door, may have a clearance of not more than 3.2 
millimeters (0.125 inches) at the top and sides;
    (6) The maximum width of an individual door must not exceed 1200 
millimeters (48 inches); and
    (7) Hose ports, if fitted, must be in the lower corner of the door 
opposite the hinge so a hose may pass through the doorway when the door 
is open and still allow the door to close over the hose. The hose port 
should be approximately 152 millimeters (6 inches) square. A self-
closing hinged or pivoted steel or equivalent material cover must be 
fitted in the opening.
    (c) Doors in A-Class fire control boundaries must meet the 
following additional requirements:
    (1) A door in a bulkhead required to be A-60, A-30, or A-15 Class 
must be of hollow steel or equivalent material construction, solidly 
filled with approved structural insulation, and capable of meeting the 
requirements of an A-15 Class bulkhead;
    (2) A door in a bulkhead required to be A-0 Class must be of solid 
or hollow steel or equivalent material construction, a capable of 
meeting the requirements of an A-0 Class bulkhead;
    (3) A door must have a latch with a minimum throw of 20 millimeters 
(0.75 inches);
    (4) A door must not have vent grilles or louvers;
    (5) A door must not be undercut more than 12.7 millimeters (0.5 
inches) above the door sill or deck covering. Rugs and carpets must not 
pass through doorways, but linoleum and similar deck coverings may;
    (6) A door in a stairtower, stairway, and main vertical zone 
bulkhead must meet the following additional requirements:
    (i) A door must be of the self-closing type capable of closing 
against a 3.5 list of the vessel; and
    (ii) Holdback hooks are not allowed. If installed, a hold back 
mechanism for a door must allow the door to be released:
    (A) Locally:
    (B) Upon a signal from a control space; and
    (C) Upon disruption of the power system.
    (7) Horizontal doors (doors installed in decks) are allowed only 
for access to spaces that are accessible only to crew members and are 
used only by crew members, subject to the following requirements:
    (i) The door must be self-closing with a closure time of not less 
than 5 seconds and not more than 10 seconds, and be capable of closing 
against a 3.5 list of the vessel;
    (ii) Holdback hooks are not allowed. If installed, a holdback 
mechanism for a door must allow the door to be released:
    (A) Locally;
    (B) Upon a signal from a control space; and
    (C) Upon disruption of the power system.
    (iii) The forces required to fully open the door must not exceed 
17.8 Newtons (5 pounds) to release the latch, 44.5 Newtons (10 pounds) 
to set the door in motion, and 17.8 Newtons (5 pounds) to open the door 
to the width of the stairway; and
    (iv) The door latch must be capable of keeping the door closed when 
a pressure of 0.07 kPa (0.01 psi) is applied to the underside of the 
door.
    (8) Double swing doors must not be used in any bulkhead except 
between a food preparation space, such as a galley or pantry, and a 
messroom or dining room; and
    (9) A door opening onto weather decks must meet the requirements of 
paragraphs (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section or may be composed of 
hardwood of not less than 45 millimeters (1.75 inches) in thickness.
    (d) Doors in B-Class fire control boundaries must meet the 
following requirements in addition to those in paragraph (b) of this 
section:
    (1) A door must be of solid or hollow steel or equivalent material 
construction, or must be of noncombustible material and be 

[[Page 906]]
specifically approved by the Commandant;
    (2) A door must have a latch with a minimum throw of 9.5 
millimeters (0.375 inches); and
    (3) A door must not be undercut more than 25 millimeters (1 inch) 
above the door sill or deck covering. Rugs and carpets must not pass 
through doorways but linoleum and similar coverings may.
    (e) A door in a C-Class bulkhead must be of noncombustible 
material.
    (f) A door used for decorative purposes, and that is not required 
to comply with paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section, must be 
constructed of noncombustible material or hardwood, must not interfere 
with the normal operation of the required doors, and must open in the 
same direction as the required doors. Decorative doors must not be used 
in stairways or stairtowers.


Sec. 116.438  Stairtowers, stairways, ladders, and elevators.

    (a) Materials.
    (1) Stairways, stairtowers, ladders, elevators, and landings must 
be designed with sufficient strength to sustain a load of 4.8 kPa (100 
pounds per square foot) with a safety factor of 4, based on ultimate 
strength of the material;
    (2) All stairways, ladders, elevators, and landings within 
machinery spaces and cargo holds must be composed of steel; and
    (3) All stringers, treads, and all platforms and landings of all 
stairways shall be composed of steel, and risers must be of approved 
incombustible material, except that:
    (i) Stairways, ladders, elevators, stringers, treads, platforms, 
and landings protected from potential fire exposure by being in either 
exterior locations or within protective enclosure bulkheads, decks and 
doors as described in the requirements of paragraph (j), may be 
constructed of approved incombustible material; and
    (ii) All stairways, ladders, elevators, stringers, treads, 
platforms, and landings subject to potential fire exposure and not 
within a protective enclosure must be composed of steel unless their 
failure will not hinder fire fighter access or debarkation.
    (b) A stairway or stairtower must be fitted with handrails on both 
sides at a vertical height above the tread at its nosing of between 840 
and 910 millimeters (33 and 36 inches). A stairway or stairtower of 
more than 1,680 millimeters (66 inches) in width must also be fitted 
with a center handrail.
    (c) A handrail fitted in a stairtower, stairway, landing, ladder, 
or elevator must be constructed of noncombustible material.
    (d) A stairway or stairtower must be clear of all obstructions 
other than handrails.
    (e) Curved, spiral, or winding stairways are permitted only with 
the specific approval of the Commandant.
    (f) Differences in the depth of tread or height of riser of stairs 
in different flights of stairs in a stairway or stairtower must be 
minimized. In an individual flight of stairs in a stairway or 
stairtower, the depth of the tread and the height of riser shall not 
have a variance exceeding 5 millimeters (0.375 inches).
    (g) In a stairway or stairtower, the sum of the riser height and 
tread depth must be at least 432 millimeters (17 inches) and not more 
than 455 millimeters (18 inches). A stairway or stairtower having 
treads less than 254 millimeters (10 inches) in depth must have a 
nosing of 12.7 millimeters (0.5 inches) in width.
    (h) Landings for stairways and stairtowers must meet the following 
requirements:
    (1) A clear landing having an area at least equal to the square of 
the tread width must be provided at the top and bottom of each 
stairway; and
    (2) Any interruption or change of direction in a stairway must be 
accomplished by means of an intermediate landing of a width and length 
at least equal to the tread width of the stairway.
    (i) A stairway or stairtower must not have an angle of inclination 
from the horizontal of more than 40 degrees. However, stairways 
accessing spaces visited solely by crew members must not have an angle 
of inclination from the horizontal of more than 50 degrees. The 
Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center may approve higher angles of 
inclination for spaces with severe space constraints.
    (j) Where a continuous vertical deck penetration for a stairway or 
elevator exceeds one deck, the integrity of all decks must be assured 
by enclosure bulkheads and decks meeting the requirements of 
Secs. 116.415(b) and 116.415(c) of this part. Doors meeting the 
requirements of Secs. 116.435(b) and 116.435(c) of this part must be 
fitted in the enclosure at each deck serviced.
    (k) Where a vertical deck penetration for a stairway or elevator 
involves only one deck, the integrity of the deck must be assured as 
required by paragraph (j) of this section. Alternatively the integrity 
of the deck may be maintained at one level only by means of bulkheads 
of the same fire control boundary rating as the deck penetrated. A door 
meeting the requirements of Secs. 116.435(b) and 116.435(c) of this 
part must be fitted in the enclosure. In spaces containing a balcony, 
the integrity of the balcony deck in the way of stairways or elevators 
need not be assured. However, such stairways must not be considered to 
be a means of escape.
    (1) Arrangements. (1) Each main vertical zone with more than two 
deck levels, each having enclosed or partially enclosed accommodation 
spaces, other than washroom or toilet spaces and open decks, must be 
served by at least one stairtower, so that a person may escape from any 
accommodation space or any other space where persons may be normally 
quartered or employed, to all other decks having any such spaces within 
the same main vertical zone, without coming out of the stairtower 
enclosure. Where a stairtower is accessible from two main vertical 
zones, it may be considered as the required stairtower for both main 
vertical zones provided all boundaries of the stairtower meet main 
vertical zone boundary requirements contained in Sec. 116.415 of this 
part.
    (2) Each stairtower must give access to the embarkation deck, or an 
area of refuge identified in the emergency escape plan required by 
Sec. 116.520 of this part.
    (3) Insofar as is reasonable and practicable, stairtowers shall not 
give direct access to cabins, service lockers, service spaces, 
machinery spaces, or other enclosed spaces in which a fire is likely to 
originate.
    (4) A stairtower is not required to extend below deck to serve 
spaces in which a fire is likely to originate if one of the means of 
escape is:
    (i) A stairway that leads directly to a weather deck; or
    (ii) A stairway leading to a stairtower enclosure that includes 
self closing fire doors at both the top and bottom; or
    (iii) An alternative stairtower arrangement providing an equivalent 
level of safety is acceptable to the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety 
Center.
    (5) The Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center may accept other 
means of escape in combination with a stairtower provided the exits 
open directly to weather or through a main vertical zone bulkhead.
    (6) For vessels in which a stairtower is not required, a stairway 
must provide a satisfactory means of vertical escape for each deck of 
the main vertical zone.
    (m) The minimum tread width of a stairway or stairtower must be 8.4 
millimeters (0.333 inches) for each person served, but must not be less 
than 910 millimeters (36 inches). However, in stairways accessing 
spaces utilized 

[[Page 907]]
solely by crew members, the minimum tread width must be 8.4 millimeters 
(0.333 inches) for each person served, but not less than 710 
millimeters (28 inches).
    (1) The minimum tread width of a stairway or stairtower must be 
determined for each deck considering only those persons on that deck, 
except as provided in paragraph (m)(3) of this section. Once a minimum 
tread width has been established at any deck, it must not be decreased 
in the direction of escape.
    (2) In determining the number of persons served, a space must be 
considered to contain at least the number of persons as follows:
    (i) Passenger overnight accommodation spaces: Designed capacity;
    (ii) Accommodation spaces having fixed seating for passengers: 
Maximum seating capacity;
    (iii) Public spaces, including spaces such as casinos, restaurants, 
club rooms, and cinemas, and public accommodation spaces as defined in 
Sec. 114.400 of this subchapter, except overnight accommodation spaces: 
One person for each 0.9 square meters (10 square feet) of deck area. In 
computing such deck area, the following areas must be excluded:
    (A) Areas for which the number of persons permitted is determined 
using the fixed seating criterion;
    (B) Obstructions, including stairway and elevator enclosures, 
elevated stages, bars, and cashier stands, but not including slot 
machines, tables, or other room furnishings;
    (C) Toilets and washrooms;
    (D) Interior passageways less than 850 millimeters (34 inches) wide 
and passageways on open deck less than 710 millimeters (28 inches) 
wide;
    (E) Spaces necessary for handling lifesaving equipment, anchor 
handling equipment, or line handling gear, or in way of sail booms or 
running rigging; and
    (F) Bow pulpits, swimming platforms, and areas that do not have a 
solid deck, such as netting on multi hull vessels;
    (iv) Crew overnight accommodation spaces: Two-thirds designed 
capacity; and
    (v) Work spaces: Occupancy under normal operating conditions.
    (3) If a stairway forms part of a normal embarkation or debarkation 
route, or egress route to an area of refuge, the number of persons 
using the stairway for that purpose must be used in determining the 
minimum tread width. The Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center, may 
approve a narrower stairway width of a narrower stairway will not 
unreasonably impede the flow of persons out of the space requiring 
egress or from an area of refuge to an embarkation station. Specific 
consideration can be given by the Marine Safety Center to the 
arrangement of landing area in excess of that required by paragraph (h) 
of this section when considering the approval of a narrower stairway 
width. However, the stairway width must be at least 910 millimeters (36 
inches) unless the stairway is utilized solely by crew members, in 
which case the minimum tread width must be at least 710 millimeters (28 
inches).
    (4) If more than one stairtower serves a main vertical zone, the 
number of persons in that main vertical zone may be distributed among 
the stairtowers.


Sec. 116.439  Balconies.

    (a) An accommodation space containing a balcony must meet the 
requirements of this section.
    (b) Each level of a space containing a balcony must have two 
independent means of escape that meet the requirements of Sec. 116.500 
of this part.
    (c) For the purpose of main vertical zone bulkhead spacing 
requirements, the length of the space to which the balcony opens is 
considered to be increased by an amount equal to the gross area of the 
balcony divided by the average width of the space. If this equivalent 
main vertical zone length exceeds 40 meters (131 feet), the space must 
meet the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section. The actual 
length of the space may not exceed 40 meters (131 feet).
    (d) If the equivalent main vertical zone length under paragraph (c) 
of this section exceeds 40 meters (131 feet), both decks connected by 
the balcony must be protected with an automatic sprinkler system 
meeting the requirements of Sec. 76.25 in subchapter H of this chapter.
    (e) If the unobstructed balcony area is less than 93 square meters 
(1,000 square feet), the opening must be protected in accordance with 
paragraph 4-5.3.4 of NFPA 13 ``Installation of Sprinkler Systems,'' or 
other standard specified by the Commandant. The horizontal projection 
area of stairs, escalators, statues, etc. shall be subtracted from the 
total balcony area for purposes of computation of unobstructed balcony 
area.


Sec. 116.440  Atriums.

    (a) The atrium opening area must be a minimum of 93 square meters 
(1000 square feet) or 20% of the gross deck area of the largest deck 
within the accommodation space containing the atrium, whichever is 
smaller.
    (1) Each side of an atrium opening must be a minimum of 6.1 meters 
(20 feet) in length. If the opening is circular or ellipsoid, it must 
measure at least 6.1 meters (20 feet) across in any direction.
    (2) Any deck opening within an atrium must fit wholly within the 
horizontal projection of any deck opening of an upper deck.
    (3) The horizontal projection area of stairs, escalators, statues, 
etc. within the atrium shall not be included for purposes of 
computation of atrium opening area.
    (b) The entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be 
protected throughout with a smoke detection system of an approved type 
which is installed in accordance with Sec. 76.33 in subchapter H of 
this chapter. However, on vessels with no overnight passenger 
accommodations, smoke detectors may be omitted from the accommodation 
space containing the atrium.
    (c) The entire main vertical zone containing an atrium must be 
protected with an automatic sprinkler system meeting the requirements 
of Sec. 76.25 in subchapter H of this chapter.
    (d) The atrium must be provided with a smoke extraction system that 
complies with either:
    (1) The smoke extraction system must be capable of exhausting the 
entire volume of the space within 10 minutes. The smoke extraction 
system must be capable of being activated by both the smoke detection 
system and by manual control, and designed with sufficient plenum air 
openings to prevent excessive negative air pressure in the atrium; or,
    (2) The smoke extraction system may be designed in accordance with 
the principles of NFPA 92B ``Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, 
and Large Areas.''
    (e) Each level within the atrium must have two independent means of 
escape that comply with Sec. 116.500 of this part. At least one of the 
means of escape must be a stairtower.

Subpart E--Escape and Embarkation Station Requirements


Sec. 116.500  Means of escape.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, each space 
accessible to passengers or used by the crew on a regular basis, must 
have at least two means of escape, one of which must not be a 
watertight door.
    (b) The two required means of escape must be widely separated and, 
if possible, at opposite ends or sides of the space to minimize the 
possibility of one incident blocking both escapes. 

[[Page 908]]

    (c) Subject to the restrictions of this section, means of escape 
may include normal exits and emergency exits, passageways, stairways, 
ladders, deck scuttles, and windows.
    (d) The number and dimensions of the means of escape from each 
space must be sufficient for rapid evacuation in an emergency for the 
number of persons served as determined using Sec. 116.438(m)(2) of this 
part.
    (e) The dimensions of a means of escape must be such as to allow 
easy movement of persons when wearing life jackets. There must be no 
protrusions in means of escape that could cause injury, ensnare 
clothing, or damage life jackets.
    (f) The minimum clear opening of a door or passageway used as a 
means of escape must not be less than 810 millimeters (32 inches) in 
width, however, doors or passageways used solely by crew members must 
have a clear opening not less than 710 millimeters (28 inches). The sum 
of the width of all doors and passageways used as means of escape from 
a space must not be less than 8.4 millimeters (0.333 inches) multiplied 
by the number of passengers for which the space is designed.
    (g) A dead and passageway, or the equivalent, of more than 6.1 
meters (20 feet) in length is prohibited.
    (h) The maximum allowable travel distance from the most remote 
point in a space to the nearest means of escape must not be more than 
be 46 meters (150 feet).
    (i) Each door, hatch, or scuttle, used as a means of escape, must 
be capable of being opened by one person, from either side, in both 
light and dark conditions. The method of opening a means of escape must 
be obvious, rapid, and of adequate strength. Handles and securing 
devices must be permanently installed and not capable of being easily 
removed. With the exception of individual staterooms, a door, hatch or 
scuttle must open towards the expected direction of escape from the 
space served.
    (j) A mean of escape that is not readily apparent to a person from 
both inside and outside the space must be adequately marked in 
accordance with Sec. 122.606 of this subchapter.
    (k) A ladder leading to a deck scuttle may not be used as a means 
of escaped except:
    (l) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
vertical ladder and a deck scuttle may be used as not more than one of 
the means of escape from a passager accommodation space; and
    (2) As not more than one of the means of escape from any crew 
accommodation space or work space.
    (1) Each ladder used as a means of escape must be mounted at least 
180 millimeters (7 inches) from the nearest permanent object in back of 
the ladder. Rungs must be:
    (1) At least 405 millimeters (16 inches) in width; and
    (2) Not more than 305 millimeters (12 inches) apart, and uniformly 
spaced for the length of the ladder with at least 113 millimeters (4.5 
inches) clearance above each rung.
    (m) When a deck scuttle serves as a means of escape, it must not be 
less than 455 millimeters (18 inches) in diameter and must be fitted 
with a quick acting release and a holdback device to hold the scuttle 
in an open position.
    (n) Footholds, handholds, ladders, and similar means provided to 
aid escape, must be suitable for use in emergency conditions, of rigid 
construction, and permanently fixed in position, unless they can be 
folded, yet brought into immediate service in an emergency.
    (o) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
window or windshield of sufficient size and proper accessibility may be 
used as one of the required means of escape from an enclosed space, 
provided it:
    (1) Does not lead directly overboard;
    (2) Can be opened or it designated to be kicked or pushed out; and
    (3) Is suitably marked.
    (p) Only one means of escape is required from a space where:
    (1) The maximum dimension (length, breadth, or depth) of a space is 
less than 3.6 meters (12 feet);
    (2) There is no stove, heater, or other source of fire in the 
space;
    (3) The means of escape is located as far as possible from a 
machinery space or fuel tank; and
    (4) If an accommodation space, the single means of escape does not 
include a deck scuttle or a ladder.
    (q) Alternative means of escape from spaces may be provided if 
acceptable to the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center.


Sec. 116.510  Embarkation stations.

    (a) A vessel must have a least two designated embarkation stations 
on the embarkation deck of each main vertical zone, and at least one on 
each side of the vessel.
    (b) Embarkation stations and approaches thereto must:
    (1) Be areas that are easily traversed;
    (2) be provided with handholds; and
    (3) Be well illuminated.
    (c) Each embarkation station must be arranged to allow the safe 
boarding of survival craft. They must not be located in areas where 
rolling of the vessel could cause contact between the propeller(s) and 
survival craft. Bulwarks, handrails, and lifelines must be fitted with 
openings that are normally closed but that may be opened while survival 
craft are being boarded, allowing passengers to pass through rather 
than climb over.


Sec. 116.520  Emergency evacuation plan.

    The owner or managing operator shall prepare an evacuation plan 
that must:
    (a) Identify possible casualties involving fires or flooding, 
including a fire in the largest capacity passenger space in each main 
vertical zone;
    (b) Provide procedures for evacuating all affected spaces in the 
event of possible fire or flooding in the largest capacity passenger 
space in each main vertical zone, without abandoning the vessel, 
including:
    (1) Identify readily accessible areas of refuge for the maximum 
number of persons allowed aboard the vessel. The capacity for an area 
of refuge may not exceed the number of persons specified in 
Sec. 116.438(m)(2) of this part, except that one person may be 
permitted for each 0.28 square meters (3 square feet) of deck area; and
    (2) Identify at least two means of escape complying with 
Sec. 114.400 from the space being evacuated; and
    (c) Include procedures to evacuate passengers from the vessel using 
an abandon ship plan, considering the number of passengers and the 
vessel's route. The abandon ship plan must identify at least one escape 
route from each area of refuge to each embarkation station required by 
Sec. 116.510 of this part.


Sec. 116.530  Fire control plan.

    A fire control plan must be posted on the vessel in a location that 
is accessible and visible to all passengers. The plan must show escape 
routes, areas of refuge, embarkation stations, the location of fire 
protection/emergency equipment, compartment titles and hazard 
classification of accommodation and service spaces, and structural fire 
protection boundaries.

Subpart F--Ventilation


Sec. 116.600  Ventilation of enclosed and partially enclosed spaces.

    (a) An enclosed or partially enclosed space within a vessel must be 
adequately ventilated in a manner suitable for the purpose of the 
space.
    (b) A power ventilation system must be capable of being shut down 
from the pilot house.

[[Page 909]]

    (c) An enclosed crew accommodation space and any other space 
occupied by a crew member on a regular basis must be ventilated by a 
power ventilation system unless natural ventilation in all ordinary 
weather conditions is satisfactory to the OCMI.
    (d) An exhaust duct over a frying vat or a grill must be at least 
11 U.S. Standard Gauge (USSG) steel.


Sec. 116.610  Ventilation ducts.

    (a) For the purposes of this section, a ventilation duct includes 
any type of piping, chamber, or conduit used for ventilation.
    (b) A ventilation duct, and materials incidental to its 
installation, must be made of noncombustible material.
    (c) Combustibles and other foreign materials are not allowed within 
ventilation ducts. However, metal piping and electrical wiring 
installed in a metal protective enclosure may be installed within 
ventilation ducts, provided that the piping or the wiring does not 
interfere with the operation of fire dampers. Electrical wiring and 
piping may not be installed in an exhaust duct over a frying vat or 
grill.
    (d) Suitable means, such as a manual damper, automatic damper, or 
vent cover, must be provided in an accessible location outside the 
space served by the ventilation duct for shutting off the passage of 
air through the ventilation duct in the event of fire.
    (e) A ventilation duct must not serve more than one main vertical 
zone; penetrations of main vertical zones must be minimized.
    (f) A ventilation duct penetrating an A-Class or B-Class fire 
control boundary must meet the following requirements:
    (1) A ventilation duct must meet the same requirements relative to 
the passage of smoke and flame as the fire control boundary penetrated;
    (2) A steel duct penetrating an A-Class fire control boundary must 
be of at least 11 USSG, and a steel duct penetrating a B-Class bulkhead 
or deck must be of at least 16 USSG;
    (3) A duct that is not steel must be fitted with a steel sleeve at 
each A-Class or B-Class fire control boundary penetrated. The sleeves 
must extend at least 455 millimeters (18 inches) on each side of the 
penetration and be of the same thickness required for steel ducts;
    (4) A duct penetrating a main vertical zone bulkhead must be fitted 
with an automatic fire damper at the main vertical zone bulkhead;
    (5) A duct penetrating an A-Class fire control boundary and opening 
into a space formed by that boundary must be equipped with a fire 
damper;
    (6) A steel duct that penetrates an A-Class fire control boundary 
other than a main vertical zone bulkhead, and does not open within the 
space formed by the boundary need not be fitted with a fire damper 
provided the duct is at least 11 USSG throughout that space;
    (7) A duct penetrating an insulated fire control boundary must be 
fitted with insulation of the same type and thickness as the boundary 
penetrated for a distance of at least 305 millimeters (12 inches) on 
the insulated side of the boundary. A fire damper blade need not be 
insulated; and
    (8) Ducts serving cargo spaces, machinery spaces, or vehicles 
spaces must be fitted with automatic fire dampers.
    (g) Fire dampers, where required by this section, must comply with 
the following requirements;
    (1) A fire damper and casing must be at least 11 USSG and not more 
than 3.2 millimeters (0.125 inch) gap between the blade and casing;
    (2) A fire damper must close against the draft in the duct and be 
accessible for periodic inspection by means of a hinged or bolted plate 
in the duct and surrounding bulkhead or deck, if fitted;
    (3) Fire damper springs, blades, and hinges must be of stainless 
steel construction or of steel suitably coated to prevent corrosion;
    (4) Fire dampers must be capable of manual operation from outside 
the space served, be fitted with an indicator showing whether the 
damper is open or closed, and be marked with red letters of at least 
12.7 millimeters (0.5 inches) in height stating ``VENTILATION FIRE 
DAMPER''; and
    (5) An automatic fire damper must meet the above requirements and 
must be designed to operate at 74 deg.C (165 deg.F) for normal 
locations and approximately 100 deg.C (212 deg.F) for locations such as 
galleys.
    (h) A ventilation duct serving a stairtower must not serve another 
space.
    (i) A stairway or a stairtower must not serve as an air return for 
another space.
    (j) A duct in a bulkhead or overhead designed for the passage of 
air from one space to another (i.e., a ``jumper duct'') is prohibited.
    (k) The use of concealed spaces as return ventilation plenums or 
ducts is prohibited. Ventilation air return must be by ducts.


Sec. 116.620  Ventilation of machinery and fuel tank spaces.

    In addition to the requirements of this subpart, ventilation 
systems for spaces containing machinery or fuel tanks must comply with 
the requirements of Part 119 of this chapter.

Subpart G--Crew Spaces


Sec. 116.700  General requirements.

    (a) A crew accommodation space and a work space must be of 
sufficient size, adequate construction, and with suitable equipment to 
provide for the safe operation of the vessel and the protection and 
accommodation of the crew in a manner practicable for the size, 
facilities, service, route, speed, and modes of operation of the 
vessel.
    (b) The deck above a crew accommodation space must be located above 
the deepest load waterline.


Sec. 116.710  Overnight accommodations.

    Overnight accommodations must be provided for all crew members if 
the vessel is operated more than 12 hours in a 24 hour period, unless 
the crew is put ashore and the vessel is provided with a new crew.


Sec. 116.730  Crew accommodations on vessels of more than 19.8 meters 
(65 feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers.

    A crew accommodation space on a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 
feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers must comply with Secs. 72.20-10(a), (b), (d), and (e); 
72.20-15; 72.20-20(c)(1); 72.20-25 (a) and (d) 72.20-30; 72.20-35; 
72.20-45; 72.20-50; and 72.20-55 in subchapter H of this chapter.

Subpart H--Passenger Accommodations


Sec. 116.800  General requirements.

    (a) All passenger accommodations must be arranged and equipped to 
provide for the safety of the passengers in consideration of the route, 
modes of operation, and speed of the vessel.
    (b) The height of ceilings in a passenger accommodation space, 
including aisles and passageways, must be at least 1880 millimeters (74 
inches), but may be reduced at the sides of a space to allow for 
camber, wiring, ventilation ducts, and piping.
    (c) A passenger accommodation space must be maintained to minimize 
fire and safety hazards and to preserve sanitary conditions. Aisles 
must be kept clear of obstructions.
    (d) A passenger accommodation space must not contain:
    (1) Electrical generation equipment or transformers, high 
temperature parts, pipelines, rotating assemblies, or any other item 
that could injure a passenger, unless such an item is adequately 
shielded or isolated; or
    (2) A control for operating the vessel, unless the control is so 
protected and 

[[Page 910]]
located that operation of the vessel by a crew member will not be 
impeded by a passenger during normal or emergency operations.
    (e) The deck above a passenger accommodation space must be located 
above the deepest load waterline.
    (f) A variation from a requirement of this subpart may be 
authorized by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center for an 
unusual arrangement or design provided there is no significant 
reduction of space, accessibility, safety, or sanitation.


Sec. 116.810  Overnight accommodations.

    (a) A berth must be provided for each passenger authorized to be 
carried in overnight accommodation spaces. Each berth must measure at 
least 1880 millimeters (74 inches) by 610 millimeters (24 inches) and 
have at least 610 millimeters (24 inches) of clear space above.
    (b) Berths must not be located more than three high and must be 
constructed of wood, fiber reinforced plastic, or metal. A berth 
located more than 1,525 millimeter (60 inches) above the deck must be 
fitted with a suitable aid for access.
    (c) The construction and arrangement of berths and other furniture 
must allow free and unobstructed access to each berth. Each berth must 
be immediately adjacent to an aisle leading to a means of escape from 
the accommodation space. As aisle alongside a berth must be at least 
610 millimeters (24 inches) wide. An aisle joining two or more aisles 
in an overnight accommodation space must be at least 1,065 (42 inches) 
wide.


Sec. 116.820  Seating.

    (a) A seat must be provided for each passenger permitted in a space 
for which the fixed seating criterion in Sec. 115.113(b)(3) of this 
subchapter has been used to determine the number of passengers 
permitted.
    (b) A seat must be constructed to minimize the possibility of 
injury and avoid trapping occupants.
    (c) Installation of seats must provide for ready escape.
    (d) Seats, including fixed, temporary, or portable seats, must be 
arranged as follows:
    (1) An aisle of not more than 3.8 meter (15 feet) in overall length 
must be not less than 610 millimeters (24 inches) in width.
    (2) An aisle of more than 3.8 meter (15 feet) in overall length 
must be not less than 760 millimeters (30 inches) in width.
    (3) Where seats are in rows, the distance from seat front to seat 
front must be not less than 760 millimeters (30 inches) and the seats 
must be secured to a deck or bulkhead.
    (4) Seats used to determined the number of passengers permitted, in 
accordance with Sec. 115.113(b)(3) of this subchapter, must be secured 
to the deck, bulkhead, or bulwark.

Subpart I--Rails and Guards


Sec. 116.900  Deck rails.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, rails or 
equivalent protection must be installed near the periphery of all decks 
of a vessel accessible to passengers or crew. Equivalent protection may 
include lifelines, wire rope, chains, and bulwarks, that provide 
strength and support equivalent to fixed rails. Deck rails must include 
a top rail with the minimum height required by this section, and lower 
courses or equivalent protection as required by this section.
    (b) Deck rails must be designed and constructed to withstand a 
point load of 91 kilograms (200 pounds) applies at any point in any 
direction, and a uniform load of 74 kilograms per meter (50 pounds per 
foot) applied to the top rail in any direction. The point and uniform 
loads do not need to be applied simultaneously.
    (c) Where space limitations make deck rails impractical for areas 
designed for crew use only, such as at narrow catwalks in way of 
deckhouse sides, hand grabs may be substituted.
    (d) The height of top rails required by paragraph (a) of this 
section must be as follows:
    (1) Rails on passenger decks of a ferry or a vessel engaged in 
excursion trips, including but not limited to sightseeing trips, dinner 
and party cruises, and overnight cruises, must be at least 1,000 
millimeters (39.5 inches) high.
    (2) Rails on a vessel subject to the 1966 International Convention 
on Load Lines must be at least 1,000 millimeters (39.5 inches) high.
    (3) All other rails must be at least 910 millimeters (36 inches) 
high.
    (e) A sailing vessel, an open boat, or any other vessel not 
specifically covered elsewhere in this section, must have rails of a 
minimum height or equivalent protection as considered necessary by the 
cognizant OCMI, based on the vessel's operation, route, and seating 
arrangement.
    (f) Rail courses or an equivalent must be installed between a top 
rail required by paragraph (a) of this section and the deck so that no 
open space exists that is more than 305 millimeters (12 inches) high, 
except:
    (1) On passenger decks of a ferry or of a vessel on an excursion 
trip one of the following must be installed:
    (i) Bulwarks;
    (ii) Chain link fencing or wire mesh that has openings of not more 
than 100 millimeters (4 inches) in diameter; or
    (iii) Bars, slats, rail courses, or an equivalent spaced at 
intervals of not more than 100 millimeters (4 inches).
    (2) On a vessel subject to the 1966 International Convention on 
Load Lines, rail courses, or an equivalent, must be installed so that 
there is not an open space higher than 230 millimeters (9 inches) from 
the deck to the first rail course or equivalent.
    (g) Rails must be permanently installed except that the following 
rails may be removable:
    (1) Rails in way of embarkation stations and boarding locations; 
and
    (2) Rails on a vessel when the service of the vessel is routinely 
changed, as determined by the cognizant OCMI, and the required top rail 
height varies depending on the service of the vessel at a particular 
time.


Sec. 116.920  Storm rails.

    Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be installed where 
necessary in passageways, at deckhouse sides, and at ladders and 
hatches.


Sec. 116.940  Guards in vehicle spaces.

    On a vessel authorized to carry one or more vehicles, suitable 
chains, cables, or other barriers must be installed at the end of each 
vehicle runway. In addition, temporary rails or equivalent protection 
must be installed in way of each vehicle ramp, in compliance with 
Sec. 116.900 of this part, when the vessel is underway.


Sec. 116.960  Guards for exposed hazards.

    An exposed hazard, such as gears or rotating machinery, must be 
protected by a cover, guard, or rail.


Sec. 116.970  Protection against hot piping.

    Piping, including valves, pipe fittings and flanges, conveying 
vapor, gas, or liquid, the temperature of which exceeds 65.5 deg. C 
(150 deg. F), must be insulated where necessary to prevent injuries.

Subpart J--Window Construction and Visibility


Sec. 116.1010  Safety glazing materials.

    Glass and other glazing material used in windows must be of 
material that will not break into dangerous fragments if fractured.


Sec. 116.1020  Strength.

    Each window, port hole, and its means of attachment to the hull or 
deck 

[[Page 911]]
house, must be capable of withstanding the maximum load from wave and 
wind conditions expected due to its location on the vessel and the 
authorized route of the vessel.


Sec. 116.1030  Operating station visibility.

    (a) Windows and other openings at the operating station must be of 
sufficient size and properly located to provide an adequate view for 
safe navigation in all operating conditions.
    (b) Glass or other glazing material used in windows at the 
operating station must have a light transmission of not less than 70 
percent according to Test 2 of American National Standards Institute 
(ANSI) Z 26.1 ``Safety Glazing Materials For Motor Vehicles Operating 
on Land Highways,'' and must comply with Test 15 of ANSI Z 26.1 for 
Class I Optical Deviation.

Subpart K--Drainage and Watertight Integrity of Weather Decks


Sec. 116.1110  Drainage of flush deck vessels.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the 
weather deck on a flush deck vessel must be watertight and have no 
obstruction to overboard drainage.
    (b) Each flush deck vessel may have solid bulwarks in the forward 
one-third length of the vessel if:
    (1) The bulwarks do not form a well enclosed on all sides; and
    (2) The foredeck of the vessel has sufficient sheer to ensure 
drainage aft.


Sec. 116.1120  Drainage of cockpit vessels, well deck vessels, and open 
boats.

    Drainage of cockpit vessels, well deck vessels, and open boats must 
meet the applicable requirements of Secs. 178.420, 178.430, 178.440, 
178.450 in subchapter T of this chapter.


Sec. 116.1160  Watertight integrity.

    (a) A hatch exposed to the weather must be watertight, except that 
the following hatches may be weathertight:
    (1) A hatch on a watertight trunk that extends at least 305 
millimeters (12 inches) above the weather deck;
    (2) A hatch in a cabin top; and
    (3) A hatch on a vessel that operates only on protected waters.
    (b) A hatch cover must:
    (1) Have securing devices; and
    (2) Be attached to the hatch frame or coaming by hinges, captive 
chains, or other devices of substantial strength to prevent its loss.
    (c) A hatch cover that provides access to accommodation spaces must 
be operable from either side.
    (d) A weathertight door must be provided for each opening located 
in a deck house or companionway. Permanent watertight coamings must be 
provided as follows:
    (1) On a vessel on an exposed or partially protected route, a 
watertight coaming with a height of at least 150 millimeters (6 inches) 
must be provided under each weathertight door in a cockpit or a well, 
or on the main deck of a flush deck vessel.
    (2) On a vessel on a protected route, a watertight coaming with a 
height of at least 75 millimeters (3 inches) must be provided under 
each weathertight door in a cockpit or a well.
    (3) The height of the watertight coaming for a hinged watertight 
door, need only be sufficient to accommodate the door.

Subpart L--Ballast Systems


Sec. 116.1200  Ballast.

    (a) Any solid fixed ballast used to comply with the requirements of 
Parts 170 and 171 in subchapter S of this chapter must be:
    (1) Stowed in a manner that prevents shifting of the ballast; and
    (2) Installed to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.
    (b) Solid fixed ballast may not be located forward of the collision 
bulkhead unless the installation and arrangement of the ballast and the 
collision bulkhead minimizes the risk of the ballast penetrating the 
bulkhead in a collision.
    (c) Solid fixed ballast may not be removed from a vessel or 
relocated unless approved by the cognizant OCMI except that ballast may 
be temporarily moved for a vessel examination or repair if it is 
replaced to the satisfaction of the OCMI.
    (d) Water ballast, either as an active system or permanent, must be 
approved by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center.

PART 117--LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENTS

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
117.10  Applicability to vessels on an international voyage.
117.15  Applicability to existing vessels.
117.25  Additional requirements.

Subpart B--Emergency Communications

117.64  Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRB).
117.68  Distress flares and smoke signals.

Subpart C--Life Buoys and Life Jackets

117.70  Ring life buoys.
117.71  Life jackets.
117.72  Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life 
jackets.
117.75  Life jackets lights.
117.78  Stowage of life jackets.

Subpart D--Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment

117.130  Stowage of survival craft.
117.137  Stowage of life floats and buoyant apparatus.
117.150  Survival craft embarkation arrangements.
117.175  Survival craft equipment.

Subpart E--Number and Type of Survival Craft

117.200  Survival craft--general.
117.202  Survival craft--vessels operating on oceans routes.
117.204  Survival craft--vessels operating on coastwise routes.
117.205  Survival craft--vessels operating on limited coastwise 
routes.
117.206  Survival craft--vessels operating on Great Lakes routes.
117.207  Survival craft--vessels operating on lakes, bays, and 
sounds routes.
117.208  Survival craft--vessels operating on rivers routes.
117.210  Rescue boats.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 117.10  Applicability to vessels on an international voyage.

    A vessel on an international voyage must meet the requirements in 
subchapter H of this chapter for passenger vessels.


Sec. 117.15  Applicability to existing vessels.

    An existing vessel must comply with the requirements of this part 
except as otherwise specified by this section.
    (a) Before March 11, 2001, or 10 years after the vessel's keel was 
laid or the vessel was at a similar stage of construction, whichever is 
later, an existing vessel may comply with the requirements in effect 
for the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, for the number and type of 
survival craft, stowage arrangements, and launching appliances for 
survival craft.
    (b) On or before March 11, 2001, or 10 years after the vessel's 
keel was laid or the vessel was at a similar stage of construction, 
whichever is later, an existing vessel must:
    (1) Be equipped with the number of survival craft required for its 
route under Secs. 117.202, 117.204, 117.205, 117.206, 117.207, or 
117.208 of this part, as applicable; and
    (2) Comply with the stowage and launching appliance requirements 
for survival craft in Secs. 117.130 through 117.150 of this part, 
inclusive.
    (c) Each inflatable liferaft, inflatable buoyant apparatus, life 
float, and buoyant apparatus on the vessel on March 11, 1996, may be 
used to meet the requirements of this part as long as 

[[Page 912]]
the survival craft is in good and serviceable condition.
    (d) When any lifesaving equipment on a vessel is replaced or a 
vessel undergoes repairs, alterations, or modifications of a major 
character involving replacement of, or any addition to, the existing 
lifesaving equipment, each new piece of lifesaving equipment must meet 
this part.
    (e) A combination flare and smoke distress signal approved in 
accordance with Sec. 160.023 in subchapter Q of this chapter, may be 
used on an existing vessel until the expiration date of the distress 
signal but no later than March 11, 1999, as one of the distress signals 
required by Sec. 117.68 of this part.
    (f) Until February 1, 1999, a Coast Guard approved 121.5/243 MHz 
Class A Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon (EPIRB) may be used 
to meet the requirement for an EPIRB under Sec. 117.64 of this part, if 
the EPIRB:
    (i) Is operable;
    (2) Is installed to automatically float-free and activate;
    (3) Was manufactured on or after October 1, 1988; and
    (4) Was installed on the vessel on or before March 11, 1996.
    (g) Until February 1, 1999, a Federal Communications Commission 
(FCC) Type Accepted VHF-FM Class C EPIRB may be used to meet the 
requirement for an EPIRB on a vessel operating on a Great Lakes route 
under Sec. 117.64 of this part, if the EPIRB;
    (1) Is operable; and
    (2) Was installed on the vessel on or before March 11, 1996.
    (h) Until March 11, 1997 an existing vessel on a limited coastwise 
route need not comply with Sec. 117.64 of this part.
    (i) An existing vessel need not comply with Sec. 117.78(a)(4) of 
this part.
    (j) An existing vessel must comply with either Sec. 117.210 of this 
part or with the regulations for rescue boats that were in effect for 
the vessel prior to March 11, 1996.


Sec. 117.25  Additional requirements.

    (a) Each item of lifesaving equipment carried on board a vessel but 
not required under this part, must be of an approved type meeting the 
specifications for lifesaving equipment in subchapter Q of this 
chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (b) The cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) may 
require a vessel to carry specialized or additional lifesaving 
equipment if:
    (1) The OCMI determines the conditions of the voyage render the 
requirements of this part inadequate; or
    (2) The vessel is operated in Arctic, Antarctic, or other severe 
conditions not covered under this part.

Subpart B--Emergency Communications


Sec. 117.64  Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRB).

    Each vessel that operates on the high seas, or that operators 
beyond three miles from the coastline of the Great Lakes, must have on 
board a FCC Type Accepted Category 1, 406 MHz EPIRB, installed to 
automatically float free and activate.


Sec. 117.68  Distress flares and smoke signals.

    (a) Oceans, coastwise, and Great Lakes routes. A vessel on an 
oceans, coastwise, or Great Lakes route must carry:
    (1) Six hand red flare distress signals approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.021 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant; and
    (2) Six hand orange smoke distress signals approved in accordance 
with Sec. 160.037 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (b) Lakes, bays, and sounds, and rivers routes. A vessel on a 
lakes, bays, and sounds, or rivers route must carry:
    (1) Three hand red flare distress signals approved in accordance 
with Sec. 160.021 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant; and
    (2) Three hand orange smoke distress signals approved in accordance 
with Sec. 160.037 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (c) Substitutions. (1) A rocket parachute flare approved in 
accordance with Sec. 160.036 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant, may be substituted for any of the 
hand red flare distress signals required under paragraph (a) or (b) of 
this section.
    (2) One of the following may be substituted for any of the hand 
orange smoke distress signals required under paragraph (a) or (b) of 
this section:
    (i) A rocket parachute flare approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.036 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (ii) A hand red flare distress signal approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.021 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (iii) A floating orange smoke distress signal approved in 
accordance with Sec. 160.022 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.
    (d) Exemption for vessels on short runs. A vessel operating on 
short runs limited to approximately 30 minutes away from the dock is 
not required to carry distress flares and smoke signals under this 
section.
    (e) Stowage. Each flare carried to meet this section must be stowed 
in one of the following:
    (1) A portable watertight container carried at the operating 
station, and marked as required by Sec. 122.614 of this subchapter; or
    (2) A pyrotechnic locker secured above the freeboard deck, away 
from heat, in the vicinity of the operating station.

Subpart C--Life Buoys and Life jackets


Sec. 117.70  Ring life buoys.

    (a) A vessel must have one or more ring life buoys as follows:
    (1) A vessel of not more than 7.9 meters (26 feet) in length must 
carry a minimum of one life buoy of not less than 510 millimeters (20 
inches) in diamter;
    (2) A vessel of more than 7.9 meters (26 feet) in length, but not 
more than 19.8 meters (65 feet), must carry a minumum of one life buoy 
of not less than 610 millimeters (24 inches) in diameter; and
    (3) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
carry a minimum of three life buoys of not less than 610 millimeters 
(24 inches) in diameter.
    (b) Each ring life buoy on a vessel must:
    (1) Be approved in accordance with Sec. 160.050 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant;
    (2) Be readily accessible;
    (3) Be stowed in a way that it can be rapidly cast loose;
    (4) Not be permanently secured in any way; and
    (5) If on a vessel on an oceans or coastwise route, be orange in 
color.
    (c) At least one ring life buoy must be fitted with a lifeline. If 
more than one ring life buoy is carried, at least one must not have a 
lifeline attached. Each lifeline on a ring life buoy must:
    (1) Be buoyant;
    (2) Be at least 18.3 meters (60 feet) in length;
    (3) Be non-kinking;
    (4) Have a diameter of at least 7.9 millimeters (5/16-inch);
    (5) Have a breaking strength of at least 510 kilograms (1,124 
pounds); and
    (6) Be of a dark color if synthetic, or of a type certified to be 
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light.
    (d) At least one ring buoy must be fitted with a floating 
waterlight, unless the vessel is limited to daytime 

[[Page 913]]
operation, in that case no floating waterlight is required.
    (1) Each floating waterlight must be approved in accordance with 
Sec.  161.010 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (2) Each ring life buoy with a floating waterlight must have a 
lanyard of at least 910 millimeters (3 feet) in length, but not more 
than 1,830 millimeters (6 feet), securing the waterlight around the 
body of the ring life buoy.
    (3) Each floating waterlight installed after March 11, 1997, on a 
vessel carrying only one ring life buoy, must be attached to a lanyard 
with a corrosion-resistant clip. The clip must have a strength of at 
least 22.7 kilograms (50 pounds) and allow the waterlight to be quickly 
disconnected from the ring life buoy.


Sec.  117.71  Life jackets.

    (a) An adult life jacket must be provided for each person carried 
on board a vessel.
    (b) In addition, a number of child-size life jackets equal to at 
least 10% of the number of the persons permitted on board must be 
provided, or such greater number as necessary to provide a life jacket 
for each person being carried that is smaller than the lower size limit 
of the adult life jackets provided to meet this section, except that:
    (1) Child-size life jackets are not required if the vessel's 
Certificate of Inspection is endorsed for the carriage of adults only, 
or
    (2) When all ``extended size'' life preservers (those with a lower 
size limit for persons of 1,195 millimeters (47 inches) in height or 
weighing 20.4 kilograms (45 pounds)) are carried on board, a minimum of 
only 5% additional child size devices need be carried.
    (c) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, each life 
jacket must be approved in accordance with either Secs.  160.002, 
160.005, or 160.055 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (d) Cork and balsa wood lifejackets previously approved in 
accordance with Secs.  106.003, or 160.004 in subchapter Q of this 
chapter, on board an existing vessel prior to March 11, 1996, may 
continue to be used to meet the requirements of this section until 
March 11, 1999 provided the lifejackets are maintained in good and 
serviceable condition.


Sec.  117.72  Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life 
jackets.

    (a) Equipment carried under this section is not acceptable in lieu 
of any portion of the required number of approved life jackets and must 
not be substituted for the approved life jackets required to be worn 
during drills and emergencies.
    (b) Wearable marine buoyant devices that include ``ski vests,'' 
``boating vests,'' and ``fishing vests,'' approved in accordance with 
Sec.  160.064 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment.
    (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with Sec.  160.053 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment for use of persons 
working near or over the water.
    (d) Commercial hybrid personal flotation devices (PFD) approved in 
accordance with Sec.  160.077 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant, may be carried as additional 
equipment for use of persons working near or over the water. Each 
commercial hybrid PFD must be:
    (1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures 
set out in the manual required for these devices under Sec.  160.077-29 
in subchapter Q of this chapter and any limitation(s) marked on them; 
and
    (2) Of the same or smaller design and have the same method of 
operation as each other hybrid PFD carried on board.


Sec.  117.75  Life jacket lights.

    (a) Each life jacket carried on a vessel on an oceans, coastwise, 
or Great Lakes route, must have a life jacket light approved in 
accordance with Subpart 161.012 of this chapter. Each life jacket light 
must be securely attached to the front shoulder area of the life 
jacket.
    (b) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 
section, life jacket lights are not required for life jackets on:
    (1) Ferries; and
    (2) Vessels with Certificates of Inspection endorsed only for 
routes that do not extend more than 20 miles from a harbor of safe 
refuge.


Sec.  117.78  Stowage of life jackets.

    (a) General. Unless otherwise stated in this section, life jackets 
must be stored in convenient places distributed throughout 
accommodation spaces.
    (1) Each stowage container for life jackets must not be capable of 
being locked. If practicable, the container must be designed to allow 
the life jackets to float free.
    (2) Each life jacket kept in a stowage container must be readily 
available.
    (3) Each life jacket stowed overhead must be supported in a manner 
that allows quick release for distribution.
    (4) If life jackets are stowed more than 2,130 millimeters (7 feet) 
above the deck, a means for quick release must be provided and must be 
capable of operation by a person standing on the deck.
    (5) Each child size life jacket must be stowed in a location that 
is appropriately marked and separated from adult life jackets so the 
child size life jackets are not mistaken for adult life jackets.
    (b) Additional personal flotation devices. The stowage locations of 
the personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets 
under Sec. 117.72 must be separate from the life jackets, and such as 
not to be easily confused with that of the life jackets.

Subpart D--Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment


Sec. 117.130  Stowage of survival craft.

    (a) Each survival craft must be:
    (1) Secured to the vessel by a painter with a float-free link 
permanently attached to the vessel except that a float-free link is not 
required if the vessel operates only on waters not as deep as the 
length of the painter;
    (2) stowed so that when the vessel sinks the survival craft floats 
free and, if inflatable, inflates automatically;
    (3) Stowed in a position that is readily accessible to crew members 
for launching, or else provided with a remotely operated device that 
releases the survival craft into launching position or into the water;
    (4) Stowed in a way that permits manual release from its securing 
arrangements;
    (5) Ready for immediate use so that crew members can carry out 
preparations for embarkation and launching in less than 5 minutes;
    (6) Provided with means to prevent shifting;
    (7) Stowed in a way that neither the survival craft nor its stowage 
arrangements will interfere with the embarkation and operation of any 
other survival craft at any other launching station;
    (8) Stowed in a way that any protective covers will not interfere 
with launching and embarkation;
    (9) Fully equipped as required under this part; and
    (10) Stowed, as far as practicable, in a position sheltered from 
breaking seas and protected from damage by fire.
    (b) A hydrostatic release unit when used in a float-free 
arrangement must be approved in accordance with Sec. 160.062 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.

[[Page 914]]

    (c) A mechanical, manually operated device to assist in launching a 
survival craft must be provided if:
    (1) The survival craft weighs more than 90.7 kilograms (200 
pounds); and
    (2) The survival craft requires lifting more than 300 vertical 
millimeters (one vertical foot) to be launched.


Sec. 117.137  Stowage of life floats and buoyant apparatus.

    (a) In addition to meeting Sec. 117.130, each life float and 
buoyant apparatus must be stowed as required under this section.
    (b) The float-free link required by Sec. 117.130(a)(1) must be:
    (1) Certified to meet Sec. 160.073 in subchapter Q of this chapter, 
or other standard specified by the Commandant:
    (2) Of proper strength for the size of the life float or buoyant 
apparatus as indicated on its identification tag; and
    (3) Secured to the painter at one end and to the vessel on the 
other end.
    (c) The means used to attach the float-free link to the vessel 
must:
    (1) Have a breaking strength of at least the breaking strength of 
the painter;
    (2) If synthetic, be of a dark color or of a type certified to be 
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolent light; and
    (3) If metal, be corrosion resistant.
    (d) If the life float or buoyant apparatus does not have a painter 
attachment fitting, a means for attaching the painter must be provided 
by a wire or line which:
    (1) Encircles the body of the device;
    (2) Will not slip off;
    (3) Has a breaking strength that is at least the strength of the 
painter; and
    (4) If synthetic, is of a dark color or is of a type certified to 
be resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light.
    (e) If the vessel carries more than the one life float or buoyant 
apparatus in a group with each group secured by a single painter:
    (1) The combined weight of each group of life floats and buoyant 
apparatus must not exceed 181 kilograms (400 pounds);
    (2) Each group of life floats and buoyant apparatus is considered a 
single survival craft for the purposes of Sec. 117.130(c) of this part;
    (3) Each life float and buoyant apparatus must be individually 
attached to the painter by a line meeting Sec. 117.175(e)(3)(ii), 
(iii), and (iv) of this part and long enough that each life float or 
buoyant apparatus can float without contacting any other life float or 
buoyant apparatus in the group; and
    (4) The strength of the float-free link under paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section and the strength of the painter under 
Sec. 117.175(e)(3)(ii) of this part must be determined by the combined 
capacity of the group of life floats and buoyant apparatus.
    (f) Life floats and buoyant apparatus must not be stowed in tiers 
more than 1,220 millimeters (4 feet) high. When stowed in tiers, the 
separate units must be kept apart by spacers.


Sec. 117.150  Survival craft embarkation arrangements.

    (a) A launching appliance approved in accordance with Sec. 160.032 
in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant, must be provided for each inflatable liferaft and 
inflatable buoyant apparatus when either:
    (1) The embarkation station for the survival craft is on a deck 
more than 4.5 meters (15 feet) above the waterline; or
    (2) The inflatable liferaft or inflatable buoyant apparatus will be 
boarded prior to being placed in the water.
    (b) An embarkation ladder, approved in accordance with Sec. 160.017 
in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant, must be at each embarkation station if the distance from 
the embarkation deck to the vessel's lightest operating waterline is 
more than 3,050 millimeters (10 feet).


Sec. 117.175  Survival craft equipment.

    (a) General. Each item of survival craft equipment must be of good 
quality, and efficient for the purpose it is intended to serve. Unless 
otherwise stated in this section, each item of equipment carried, 
whether required under this section or not, must be secured by 
lashings, stored in lockers, compartments, brackets, or have equivalent 
mounting or storage arrangements that do not:
    (1) Reduce survival craft capacity;
    (2) Reduce space available to the occupants;
    (3) Interfere with launching, recovery, or rescue operations; or
    (4) Adversely affect seaworthiness of the survival craft.
    (b) Inflatable liferafts. Each inflatable liferaft must have one of 
the following equipment packs as shown by the markings on its 
container:
    (1) Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) B Pack; or
    (2) SOLAS A Pack.
    (c) Life floats. Each life float must be fitted with a lifeline, 
pendants, two paddles, a painter, and a light.
    (d) Buoyant apparatus. Each buoyant apparatus must be fitted with a 
lifeline, pendants, a painter, and a light.
    (e) Equipment specifications for life floats and buoyant apparatus. 
The equipment required for lifefloats and buoyant apparatus must meet 
the following specifications:
    (1) Lifeline and pendants. The lifeline and pendants must be as 
furnished by the manufacturer with the approved life float or buoyant 
apparatus. Replacement lifelines and pendants must meet the 
requirements in Sec. 160.010 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.
    (2) Paddle. Each paddle must be of at least 1,220 millimeters (4 
feet) in length, lashed to the life float to which they belong, and 
buoyant.
    (3) Painter. The painter must:
    (i) Be of at least 30.5 meters (100 feet) in length, but not less 
than three times the distance between the deck where the life float or 
buoyant apparatus it serves is stowed and the lightship waterline of 
the vessel;
    (ii) Have a breaking strength of at least 680 kilograms (1,500 
pounds), except that if the capacity of the life float or buoyant 
apparatus is 50 persons or more, the breaking strength must be at least 
1,360 kilograms (3,000 pounds);
    (iii) Be of a dark color if synthetic, or of a type certified to be 
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light; and
    (iv) Be stowed in such a way that it runs out freely when the life 
float or buoyant apparatus floats away from a sinking vessel.
    (4) Light. The light must be a floating waterlight approved in 
accordance with Sec. 161.010 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant. The floating waterlight must be 
attached around the body of the life float or buoyant apparatus by a 
12-thread manila, or equivalent, lanyard of at least 5.5 meters (18 
feet) in length.
    (f) Other survival craft. If survival craft other than inflatable 
liferafts, life floats, inflatable buoyant apparatus, and buoyant 
apparatus are carried on the vessel, such as lifeboats or rigid 
liferafts, they must be installed, arranged, and equipped as required 
in subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter for passenger 
vessels on the same route.

Subpart E--Number and Type of Survival Craft


Sec. 117.200  Survival craft--general.

    (a) Each survival craft required on a vessel by this part must meet 
one of the following:
    (1) For an inflatable liferaft--Subpart 160.151 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant, with the 
applicable equipment pack, as determined by the cognizant OCMI. Each 
inflatable liferaft required on a vessel by this part must have a 
capacity of 6 persons or more. 

[[Page 915]]
Inflatable liferafts may be substituted for inflatable buoyant 
apparatus or life floats required under this section.
    (2) For a life float--Subpart 160.027 in subchapter Q of this 
chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant. Buoyant 
apparatus may be used to meet requirements for life floats if the 
buoyant apparatus was installed on board the vessel on or before March 
11, 1996, and if the buoyant apparatus remains in good and serviceable 
condition.
    (3) For an inflatable buoyant apparatus--Subpart 160.010 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant. Inflatable buoyant apparatus may be substituted for life 
floats required under this section.
    (4) For a buoyant apparatus--Subpart 160.010 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant. An 
existing buoyant apparatus may not be used to satisfy the requirements 
for life floats on existing vessels wishing to upgrade the total number 
of passengers carried on an oceans route.
    (b) If the vessel carries a small boat or boats, the capacity of 
these boats may be counted toward the buoyant apparatus or life float 
capacity required by this subpart. Such boats must meet the 
requirements for safe loading and flotation in 33 CFR Part 183, and 
must meet the stowage, launching and equipment requirements in this 
part for the survival craft they replace.
    (c) A summary of survival craft requirements is provided in Table 
117.200(c). The citations in brackets identify the sections of this 
part that contain the specific requirements.

                            Table 117.200(c)                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Route                       Survival Craft Required         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oceans.......................  (a) cold water \1\--100% ILR \2\--Sec.   
                                117.202(a)                              
                               (b) warm water \3\                       
                                 (i) w/overnight accommodations--100%   
                                  IBA \5\--Sec.  117.204(c)             
                                 (ii) w/o overnight accommodations--67% 
                                  IBA \4\--Sec.  117.202(e)             
Coastwise....................  (a) w/overnight accommodations--100% IBA 
                                \5\--Sec.  117.204(a)                   
                               (b) w/o overnight accommodations         
                                 (i) cold water--67% IBA--Sec.          
                                  117.204(c)(1)                         
                                 (ii) warm water--100% LF--Sec.         
                                  117.204(c)(2)                         
                                 (iii) within three miles of shore w/   
                                  float free 406 MHz EPIRB 50% LF--Sec. 
                                  117.204(d)                            
Limited coastwise (Not more    (a) w/overnight accommodations--100% IBA 
 than 20 miles from a harbor    \5\--Sec.  117.205(a)                   
 of safe refuge).                                                       
                               (b) w/o overnight accommodations         
                                 (i) cold water--67% IBA \6\--Sec.      
                                  117.205(a)                            
                                 (ii) warm water--50% LF--Sec.          
                                  117.205(c)                            
                                 (iii) within three miles of shore w/   
                                  float free 406 MHz EPIRB              
                                  (A) cold water--50% LF--Sec.          
                                   117.205(a)                           
                                  (B) warm water--NONE--Sec.  117.205(d)
Great Lakes..................  (a) same as limited coastwise (a) & (b)--
                                Sec.  117.206(a)                        
                               (b) within one mile of shore--NONE \7\-- 
                                Sec.  117.206(b)                        
Lakes, bays, and sounds 8,9..  (a) w/overnight accommodations--67% IBA  
                                \5\--Sec.  117.207(a)                   
                               (b) w/o overnight accommodations         
                                 (i) cold water--100% LF--Sec.          
                                  117.207(b)(1) & (c)(1)                
                                 (ii) warm water--50% LF--Sec.          
                                  117.207(b)(2) & (c)(2)                
                                 (iii) within one mile of shore--NONE-- 
                                  Sec.  117.207(d)                      
Rivers 9,10..................  (a) cold water                           
                                 (i) 50% LF--Sec.  117.208(a)           
                                 (ii) within one mile of shore--NONE--  
                                  Sec.  117.208(c)                      
                               (b) Warm water--NONE--Sec.  117.208(b)   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abbreviations used:                                                     
ILR = Inflatable liferaft                                               
IBA = Inflatable Buoyant apparatus                                      
LF = Life Float. As allowed by Sec.  117.15(c), any buoyant apparatus in
  use on an existing vessel on March 11, 1996, may be used to meet the  
  requirements for LF as long as the buoyant apparatus is in good and   
  serviceable condition.                                                
Footnotes:                                                              
\1\ Cold water means the cognizant OCMI has determined the monthly mean 
  low temperature of the water is  15 deg. C (59 deg. F)     
\2\ Vessels operating less than 50 miles from shore may carry 100% IBA  
  in lieu of ILR--Sec.  117.202(b)                                      
\3\ Warm water means the cognizant OCMI has determined the monthly mean 
  low temperature of the water is > 15 deg. C (59 deg. F)               
\4\ Vessels operating in warm water may substitute 100% LF in lieu of   
  67% IBA--Sec.  117.202(c)                                             
\5\ IBA for total number of overnight passengers allowed. Additional    
  primary lifesaving may be required--Sec.  117.204(b), Sec.            
  117.205(a), Sec.  117.206(a), and Sec.  117.207(b)                    
\6\ Certain vessel operations may substitute 100% LF in lieu of IBA--   
  Sec.  117.205(b)                                                      
\7\ OCMI may reduce primary lifesaving for seasonal or ferry type       
  operations on the Great Lakes--Sec.  117.206(b)                       
\8\ Shallow water exception--Sec.  117.207(d)                           
\9\ OCMI may reduce survival craft requirements based upon the route,   
  communications schedule and participation in VTS--Sec.  117.207(e) and
  Sec.  117.208(e)                                                      
\10\ Shallow water exception--Sec.  117.208(d)                          

Sec. 117.202  Survival craft--vessels operating on oceans routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, each vessel 
certificated to operate on an oceans route in cold water must be 
provided with inflatable liferafts of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board.
    (b) Each vessel certificated to operate on an oceans route not more 
than 50 nautical miles offshore in cold water must be provided with 
inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate 

[[Page 916]]
capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the total number of 
persons permitted on board.
    (c) Each vessel with overnight accommodations certificated to 
operate on an oceans route in warm water must be provided with 
inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 100% of the total number of overnight persons 
permitted on board.
    (d) Where the total number of persons allowed on the COI exceeds 
the total number of overnight persons allowed, the survival craft 
requirements contained in paragraph (e) of this section apply when not 
engaged in an overnight voyage.
    (e) Each vessel certificated to operate on an oceans route in warm 
water must be provided with either:
    (i) inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 67% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board; or
    (ii) life floats of an aggregate capacity that will accommodate at 
least 100% of the total number of persons permitted on board.


Sec. 117.204  Survival craft--vessels operating on coastwise routes.

    (a) Each vessel with overnight accommodations certificated to 
operate on a coastwise route must be provided with inflatable buoyant 
apparatus of an aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 100% 
of the total number of overnight persons permitted on board.
    (b) Where the total number of persons allowed on the COI exceeds 
the total number of overnight persons allowed, the following survival 
craft requirements apply when not engaged in an overnight voyage:
    (1) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, if operated 
in cold water, be provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 67% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board; or
    (2) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, if operated 
in warm water, be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity 
that will accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons 
permitted on board.
    (c) Each vessel without overnight accommodations certificated to 
operate on a coastwise route, must:
    (1) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, if operated 
in cold water, be provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 67% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board; or
    (2) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, if operated 
in warm water, be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity 
that will accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons 
permitted on board.
    (d) Each vessel certificated to operate on a coastwise route within 
three miles of land, and equipped with an FCC type accepted Category 1 
406 MHz EPIRB installed to float free and automatically activate, may 
be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board.


Sec. 117.205  Survival craft--vessels operating on limited coastwise 
routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of this 
section, each vessel certificated to operate on a limited coastwise 
route shall be provided with the survival craft required by 
Secs. 117.204 (a) through (d) of this part, as applicable.
    (b) Each vessel without overnight accommodations operating in cold 
water, between two points, with a set schedule on a specific route that 
maintains a 15 minute radio communications schedule with an operation 
base, may be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that 
will accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons permitted 
on board.
    (c) Each vessel operating in warm water may be provided with life 
floats of an aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 50% of 
the total number of persons permitted on board.
    (d) Each vessel certificated to operate on a limited coastwise 
route within three miles of land in warm water, and is equipped with an 
FCC type accepted Category 1 406 MHz EPIRB installed to float free and 
automatically activate, is not required to carry survival craft.


Sec. 117.206  Survival craft--vessels operating on Great Lakes routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, each vessel 
certificated to operate on a Great Lakes route must be provided with 
the survival craft required by Secs. 117.205 (a) through (d) of this 
part as applicable.
    (b) Each vessel certificated to operate on a Great Lakes route 
within one mile of land is not required to carry survival craft if the 
OCMI determines that it is safe not to do so, taking into consideration 
the vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, and availability 
of assistance.


Sec. 117.207  Survival craft--vessels operating on lakes, bays, and 
sounds routes.

    (a) Each vessel with overnight accommodations certificated to 
operate on a lakes, bays, and sounds route must be provided with 
inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 67% of the total number of overnight persons 
permitted on board.
    (b) Where the total number of persons allowed on the COI exceeds 
the total number of overnight persons allowed, the following survival 
craft requirements apply when not engaged in an overnight voyage:
    (1) If operated in cold water, be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board; or
    (2) If operated in warm water, be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 50% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board.
    (c) Except as allowed by paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this 
section, each vessel without overnight accommodations certificated to 
operate on a lakes, bays, and sounds route must:
    (1) If operated in cold water, be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board; or
    (2) If operated in warm water, be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 50% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board.
    (d) Each vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays, and 
sounds route within one mile of land is not required to carry survival 
craft.
    (e) For a vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays, and 
sounds route in shallow water where the vessel can not sink deep enough 
to submerge the topmost passenger deck or where survivors can wade 
ashore, the cognizant OCMI may waive a requirement for survival craft, 
if the OCMI determines that it is safe to do so, taking into 
consideration the vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, 
and availability of assistance.
    (f) Each vessel operating with a set schedule on a specific route 
that does not take it more than 20 nautical miles from a harbor of safe 
refuge, and that maintains a 15 minute radio communications schedule 
with an operations base, or participates in a Vessel Traffic Service 
(VTS), may be granted a reduction in the survival craft requirements of 
this section if the 

[[Page 917]]
cognizant OCMI is satisfied that a sufficient level of safety exists.


Sec. 117.208  Survival craft--vessels operating on rivers routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (c), (d), or (e) of this 
section, each vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in cold 
water must be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that 
will accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted 
on board.
    (b) Each vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in warm 
water is not required to carry survival craft.
    (c) Each vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route within 
one mile of land is not required to carry survival craft.
    (d) For a vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in 
shallow water where the vessel can not sink deep enough to submerge the 
topmost passenger deck or where survivors can wade ashore, the 
cognizant OCMI may waive a requirement for life floats, if the OCMI 
determines that it is safe to do so, taking into consideration the 
vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, and availability of 
assistance.
    (e) Each vessel operating with a set schedule on a specific route 
that maintains a 15 minute radio communications schedule with an 
operations base, or participates in a Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), may 
be granted a reduction in the survival craft requirements of this 
section if the cognizant OCMI is satisfied that a sufficient level of 
safety exists.


Sec. 117.210  Rescue boats.

    (a) Each vessel must carry at least one rescue boat unless the 
cognizant OCMI determines that:
    (1) The vessel is sufficiently maneuverable, arranged, and equipped 
to allow the crew to recover a helpless person from the water;
    (2) Recovery of a helpless person can be observed from the 
operating station; and
    (3) The vessel does not regularly engage in operations that 
restrict its maneuverability.
    (b) On a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
required rescue boat and its installation must meet the requirements in 
subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter for a rescue boat on a 
passenger vessel having the same route. On a vessel of not more than 
19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a required rescue boat must be 
acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.

PART 118--FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
118.115  Applicability to existing vessels.
118.120  Equipment installed but not required.

Subpart B--Reserved

Subpart C--Fire Main System

118.330  Fire pumps.
118.310  Fire main and hydrants.
118.320  Fire hoses and nozzles.

Subpart D--Fixed Fire Extinguishing and Detecting Systems

118.400  Where required.
118.410  Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
118.420  Pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
118.425  Galley hood fire extinguishing systems.

Subpart E--Portable Fire Extinguishers

118.500  Required number, type, and location.
118.520  Installation and location.

Subpart F--Additional Equipment

118.600  Fire axe.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 118.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section, an existing vessel must comply with the fire protection 
equipment regulations applicable to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, 
as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the regulation in this 
part.
    (b) An existing vessel with a hull, or a machinery space boundary 
bulkhead or deck, composed of wood or fiber reinforced plastic, or 
sheathed on the interior in fiber reinforced plastic, must comply with 
the requirements of Sec. 118.400 of this part on or before March 11, 
1999.
    (c) New installations of fire protection equipment on an existing 
vessel, which are completed to the satisfaction of the cognizant 
Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) on or after March 11, 1996, 
must comply with the regulations of this part. Replacement of existing 
equipment installed on the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, need not 
comply with the regulations in this part.


Sec. 118.120  Equipment installed but not required.

    Fire extinguishing and detecting equipment installed on a vessel in 
excess of the requirements of Secs. 118.400 and 118.500 of this part 
must be designed, constructed, installed and maintained in a manner 
acceptable to the Commandant.

Subpart B--Reserved

Subpart C--Fire Main System


Sec. 118.300  Fire pumps.

    (a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be installed on 
each vessel.
    (b) On a vessel without overnight accommodations, or with overnight 
accommodations for not more than 49 passengers, the fire pump must be 
capable of delivering a single hose stream from the highest hydrant, 
through the hose and nozzle required by Sec. 118.320 of this part, at a 
pitot tube pressure of 345 kPa (50 psi).
    (c) On a vessel with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers, the fire pump must meet the fire pump requirements in 
Sec. 76.10-5 in subchapter H of this chapter.
    (d) A fire pump may be driven by a propulsion engine. A fire pump 
must be permanently connected to the fire main and may be connected to 
the bilge system to meet the requirements of Sec. 119.520 of this 
subchapter.
    (e) A fire pump most be capable of both remote operation from the 
operating station and local, manual operation at the pump.


Sec. 118.310  Fire main and hydrants.

    (a) A vessel must have a sufficient number of fire hydrants to 
reach any part of the vessel using a single length of fire hose.
    (b) Piping, valves, and fittings in a fire main system must comply 
with Part 119, Subpart G of this subchapter.


Sec. 118.320  Fire hoses and nozzles.

    (a) A fire hose with a nozzle must be attached to each fire hydrant 
at all times. For fire stations located an open decks or cargo decks, 
where no protection is provided, hoses may be temporarily removed 
during heavy weather or cargo handling operations, respectively. Hoses 
to removed must be stored in nearby accessible locations.
    (b) Each hose must:
    (1) Be lined commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters 
Laboratory (UL) 19 ``Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies,'' or hose 
that is listed and labeled by an independent laboratory recognized by 
the Commandant as being equivalent in performance;
    (2) Be 15.25 meters (50 feet) in length and 40 millimeters (1.5 
inches) in diameter; and
    (3) Have fittings of brass or other suitable corrosion-resistant 
material that comply with National Fire Protection 

[[Page 918]]
Association (NFPA) 1963 ``Fire Hose Connections,'' or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (c) Each nozzle must either:
    (1) Be of a type approved in accordance with Sec. 160.027 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter; or
    (2) Be of type recognized by the Commandant as being equivalent in 
performance.

Subpart D--Fixed Fire Extinguishing and Detecting Systems


Sec. 118.400  Where required.

    (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a fixed gas fire 
extinguishing system, in compliance with Sec. 118.410 of this part, or 
other fixed fire extinguishing system specifically approved by the 
Commandant, except as otherwise allowed by paragraph (b) of this 
section:
    (1) A space containing propulsion machinery;
    (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 
50 hp;
    (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler;
    (4) A space containing combustible cargo or ship's stores 
inaccessible during the voyage (a carbon dioxide system must be 
installed in such a space, and Halon systems are not allowed);
    (5) A paint locker; and
    (6) A storeroom containing flammable liquids (including liquors of 
80 proof or higher where liquor is packaged in individual containers of 
9.5 liters (2.5 gallons) capacity or greater).
    (b) Alternative system types and exceptions to the requirements of 
paragraph (a) of this section are:
    (1) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which is capable of 
automatic discharge upon heat detection, may only be installed in a 
normally unoccupied space with a gross volume of not more than 170 
cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet);
    (2) A pre-engineered fixed gas extinguishing system must be in 
compliance with Sec. 118.420 of this part and may only be installed in 
a normally unoccupied machinery space, a paint locker, or a storeroom 
containing flammable liquids (including liquors of 80 proof or higher 
where liquor is packaged in individual containers of 9.5 liters (2.5 
gallons) capacity or greater), with a gross volume of not more than 57 
cubic meters (2,000 cubic feet);
    (3) A B-II portable fire extinguisher installed outside the space 
may be substituted for a fixed gas fire extinguishing system in a 
storeroom containing flammable liquids (including liquors of 80 proof 
or higher where liquor is packaged in individual containers of 9.5 
liters (2.5 gallons) capacity or greater) or a paint locker, with a 
volume of not more that 5.7 cubic meters (200 cubic feet);
    (4) A space that is so open to the atmosphere that a fixed gas fire 
extinguishing system would be ineffective, as determined by the 
cognizant OCMI, is not required to have a fixed gas fire extinguishing 
system; and
    (5) Where the amount of carbon dioxide gas required in a fixed fire 
extinguishing system can be supplied by one portable extinguisher or a 
semi-portable extinguisher, such an extinguisher may be used subject to 
the following:
    (i) Cylinders shall be installed in a fixed position outside the 
space protected;
    (ii) The applicator shall be installed in a fixed position so as to 
discharge into the space protected; and
    (iii) Controls shall be installed in an accessible location outside 
the space protected.
    (c) The following spaces must be equipped with a fire detecting 
system of an approved type that is installed in accordance with 
Sec. 76.27 in subchapter H of this chapter, except when a fixed gas 
fire extinguishing system that is capable of automatic discharge upon 
heat detection is installed or when the space is manned:
    (1) A space containing propulsion machinery;
    (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 
37.3 kW (50 hp); and
    (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler.
    (d) All grills, broilers, and deep fat fryers must be fitted with a 
grease extraction hood that complies with Sec. 118.425 of this part.
    (e) Except as allowed by paragraph (f), each accommodation space, 
control space, and service space must be fitted with the following 
systems:
    (1) A smoke actuated fire detecting system of a type approved by 
the Commandant that is installed in accordance with Sec. 76.27 in 
subchapter H of this chapter; and
    (2) A manual alarm system that meets the requirements in Sec. 76.35 
in subchapter H of this chapter.
    (f) On vessels with no overnight accommodation; public spaces that 
may be assumed to be occupied by a large number of persons when 
passengers are on board need only be served by a manual alarm system 
that meets the requirements in Sec. 76.35 in subchapter H of this 
chapter. The alarm boxes must be located in the vicinity of each 
required exit, and easily seen in case of need.
    (g) An enclosed vehicle space must be fitted with an automatic 
sprinkler system that meets the requirements of Sec. 76.25 in 
subchapter H of this chapter; and
    (1) A fire detecting system of a type approved by the Commandant 
that is installed in accordance with Sec. 76.27 in subchapter H of this 
chapter; or
    (2) A smoke detecting system of a type approved by the Commandant 
that is installed in accordance with Sec. 76.33 in subchapter H of this 
chapter.
    (h) A partially enclosed vehicle space must be fitted with a manual 
sprinkler system that meets the requirements of Sec. 76.23 in 
subchapter H of this chapter.


Sec. 118.410  Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    (a) General. (1) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system aboard a 
vessel must be approved by the Commandant, and be custom engineered to 
meet the requirements of this section unless the system meets the 
requirements of Sec. 118.420 of this part.
    (2) System components must be listed and labeled by an independent 
laboratory. A component from a different system, even if from the same 
manufacturer, must not be used unless included in the approval of the 
installed system.
    (3) System design and installation must be in accordance with the 
Marine Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual approved 
for the system by the Commandant.
    (4) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system may protect more than one 
space. The quantity of extinguishing agent must be at least sufficient 
for the space requiring the greatest quantity as determined by the 
requirements of paragraphs (f)(4) or (g)(2) of this section.
    (b) Controls. (1) Controls and valves for operation of a fixed gas 
fire extinguishing system must be:
    (i) Located outside the space protected by the system; and
    (ii) Not located in a space that might be inaccessible in the event 
of fire in the space protected by the system.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, release 
of an extinguishing agent into a space must require two distinct 
operations.
    (3) A system must have local manual controls at the storage 
cylinders capable of releasing the extinguishing agent. In addition, a 
normally manned space must have remote controls for releasing the 
extinguishing agent immediately outside the primary exit from the 
space.
    (4) Remote controls must be located in a breakglass enclosure to 
preclude accidental discharge.
    (5) Valves and controls must be of a type approved by the 
Commandant and 

[[Page 919]]
protected from damage or accidental activation. A pull cable used to 
activate the system controls must be enclosed in conduit.
    (6) A system protecting more than one space must have a manifold 
with a normally closed stop valve for each space protected.
    (7) A gas actuated valve or device must be capable of manual 
override at the valve or device.
    (8) A system, which has more than one storage cylinder for the 
extinguishing agent and that relies on pilot cylinders to activate the 
primary storage cylinders, must have at least two pilot cylinders. 
Local manual controls in compliance with paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section must be provided to operate the pilot cylinders but are not 
required for the primary storage cylinders.
    (9) A system protecting a manned space must be fitted with a time 
delay and alarm of a type approved by the Commandant, arranged to 
require the alarm to sound for at least 20 seconds or the time 
necessary to escape from the space, whichever is greater, before the 
agent is released into the space. Alarms must be conspicuously and 
centrally located. The alarm must be powered by the extinguishing 
agent.
    (10) A device must be provided to automatically shut down power 
ventilation serving the protected space and engines that draw intake 
air from the protected space prior to release of the extinguishing 
agent into the space.
    (11) Controls and storage cylinders must not be in a locked space 
unless the key is in a breakglass type box conspicuously located 
adjacent to the space.
    (c) Storage space. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of 
this section, a storage cylinder for a fixed gas extinguishing system 
must be:
    (i) Located outside the space protected by the system; and
    (ii) Not located in a space that might be inaccessible in the event 
of a fire in the space protected by the system.
    (2) A normally unoccupied space of less than 170 cubic meters 
(6,000 cubic feet) may have the storage cylinders located within the 
space protected. When the storage cylinders are located in the space:
    (i) The system must be capable of automatic operation by a heat 
actuator within the space; and
    (ii) Have manual controls in compliance with paragraph (b) of this 
section except for paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3).
    (3) A space containing a storage cylinder must be maintained at a 
temperature within the range from -30 deg. C (-20 deg. F) to 55 deg. C 
(130 deg. F) or at another temperature as listed by the independent 
laboratory and stated in the manufacturer's approval manual.
    (4) A storage cylinder must be securely fastened, supported, and 
protected against damage.
    (5) A storage cylinder must be accessible and capable of easy 
removal for recharging and inspection. Provisions must be available for 
weighing each storage cylinder in place.
    (6) Where subject to moisture, a storage cylinder must be installed 
to provide a space of at least 51 millimeters (2 inches) between the 
deck and the bottom of the storage cylinder.
    (7) A Halon 1301 storage cylinder must be stowed in an upright 
position unless otherwise listed by the independent laboratory. A 
carbon dioxide cylinder may be inclined not more than 30 deg. from the 
vertical, unless fitted with flexible or bent siphon tubes, in which 
case they may be inclined not more than 80 deg. from the vertical.
    (8) Where a check valve is not fitted on an independent storage 
cylinder discharge outlet, a plug or cap must be provided for closing 
the outlet resulting from storage cylinder removal.
    (9) Each storage cylinder must meet the requirements of Sec. 147.60 
in subchapter N of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (10) A storage cylinder space must have doors that open outwards or 
be fitted with kickout panels installed in each door.
    (d) Piping. (1) A pipe, valve, or fitting or ferrous material must 
be protected inside and outside against corrosion unless otherwise 
approved by the Commandant. Aluminum or other low melting material must 
not be used for a component of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system 
except as specifically approved by the Commandant.
    (2) A distribution line must extend at least 51 millimeters (2 
inches) beyond the last orifice and be closed with a cap or plug.
    (3) Piping, valves, and fittings must be securely supported, and 
where necessary, protected against damage.
    (1) Drains and dirt traps must be fitted where necessary to prevent 
the accumulation of dirt or moisture and located in accessible 
locations.
    (5) Piping must be used for no other purpose except that it may be 
incorporated with the fire detecting system.
    (6) Piping passing through accommodation spaces must not be fitted 
with drains or other openings within such spaces.
    (7) The distribution piping of a carbon dioxide fixed gas 
extinguishing system must be tested as required by this paragraph, upon 
completion of the piping installation, using only carbon dioxide, 
compressed air, or nitrogen. gas.
    (i) Piping between a storage cylinder and a stop value in the 
manifold must be subjected to a pressure of 6,894 kPa (1,000 psi), 
except as permitted in paragraph (d)(7)(iii) of this section. Without 
additional gas being introduced to the system, the pressure drop must 
not exceed 2,068 kPa (300 psi) after two minutes.
    (ii) A distribution line to a space protected by the system must be 
subjected to a test pressure of 4,136 kPa (600 psi). For the purpose of 
this test, the distribution piping must be capped within the space 
protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage 
cylinders.
    (iii) A small independent system protecting a space such as a paint 
locker may be tested by blowing out the piping with air at a pressure 
of not less than 689 kPa (100 psi).
    (8) The distribution piping of a Halon 1301 fixed gas extinguishing 
system must be tested, as required by this paragraph, upon completion 
of the piping installation, using only carbon dioxide, compressed air, 
or nitrogen.
    (i) When pressurizing the piping, pressure must be increased in 
small increments. Each joint must be subjected to a soap bubble leak 
test, and all joints must be leak free.
    (ii) Piping between the storage cylinders and the manifold stop 
valve must be subjected to a leak test conducted as a pressure of 4,136 
kPa (600 psi). Without additional gas being added to the system, there 
must be no loss of pressure over a two minute period after thermal 
equilibrium is reached.
    (iii) Distribution piping between the manifold stop value and the 
first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for 
a period of 10 minutes at 1,034 kPa (150 psi). At the end of 10 
minutes, the pressure drop must not exceed 10% of the test pressure.
    (e) Pressure relief. When required by the cognizant OCMI, spaces 
that are protected by a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and that 
are relatively airtight, such as refrigeration spaces, paint lockers, 
etc., must be provided with suitable means for relieving excessive 
pressure within the space when the agent is released.
    (f) Specific requirements for carbon dioxide systems. A custom 
engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which uses carbon 
dioxide as the 

[[Page 920]]
extinguishing agent, must meet the requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) Piping, valves, and fittings must have a bursting pressure of 
not less than 41,360 kPa (6,000 psi). Piping, in nominal sizes of not 
more than 19 millimeters (0.75 inches), must be at least Schedule 40 
(standard weight), and in nominal sizes of over 19 millimeter (0.75 
inches), must be at least Schedule 80 (extra heavy).
    (2) A pressure relief valve or equivalent set to relieve at between 
16,550 and 19,300 kPa (2,400 and 2,800 psi) must be installed in the 
distribution manifold to protect the piping from overpressurization.
    (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant.
    (4) When installed in a machinery space, paint locker, a space 
containing flammable liquid stores, or a space with a fuel tank, a 
fixed carbon dioxide system must meet the following requirements.
    (i) The quantity of carbon dioxide in kilograms (pounds) that the 
system must be capable of providing to a space must not be less than 
the gross volume of the space divided by the appropriate factor given 
in Table 118.410(f)(4)(i). If fuel can drain from a space being 
protected to an adjacent space or if the spaces are not entirely 
separate, the volume of both spaces must be used to determine the 
quantity of carbon dioxide required. The carbon dioxide must be 
arranged to discharge into both such spaces simultaneously.

                         Table 118.410(f)(4)(i)                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Gross volume of space in cubic meters (feet)    
      Factor       -----------------------------------------------------
                               over                     Not Over        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.94 (15).........  .........................               14 (500)    
1.0 (16)..........               14 (500)                 45 (1,600)    
1.1 (18)..........             45 (1,600)                125 (4,500)    
1.2 (20)..........            125 (4,500)             1,400 (50,000)    
1.4 (22)..........         1,400 (50,000)      .........................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) The minimum size of a branch line to a space must be as noted 
in Table 118.410(f)(4)(ii).

                                             Table 118.410(f)(4)(ii)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Maximum quantity of                                                                                          
 carbon dioxide required  Minimum nominal pipe size mm   Maximum quantity of carbon   Minimum nominal pipe size 
        kg (lbs)                    (inches)             dioxide required kg (lbs)           mm (inches)        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45.4 (100)..............               12.7 (0.5)                 1,134 (2,500)                     65 (2.5)    
102 (225)...............                19 (0.75)                 2,018 (4,450)                     75 (3.0)    
136 (300)...............                 25 (1.0)                 3,220 (7,100)                     90 (3.5)    
272 (600)...............                30 (1.25)                4,739 (10,450)                    100 (4.0)    
454 (1,000).............                 40 (1.5)                6,802 (15,000)                    113 (4.5)    
1,111 (2,450)...........                 50 (2.0)       ...........................                             
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) Distribution piping within a space must be proportioned from 
the distribution line to give proper supply to the outlets without 
throttling.
    (iv) The number, type, and location of discharge outlets must 
provide uniform distribution of carbon dioxide throughout a space.
    (v) The area of each discharge outlet must not exceed 85 percent 
nor be less than 35 percent of the nominal cylinder outlet area or the 
area of the supply pipe, whichever is smaller. The nominal cylinder 
outlet area in square millimeters is determined by multiplying the 
factor 0.015 (0.0022 if using square inches) by the total capacity in 
kilograms of all carbon dioxide cylinders in the system, except in no 
case must the outlet area be of less than 71 square millimeters (0.110 
square inches).
    (vi) The discharge of at least 85 percent of the required amount of 
carbon dioxide must be completed within two minutes.
    (5) When installed in an enclosed ventilation system for rotating 
electrical propulsion equipment a fixed carbon dioxide system must meet 
the following requirements.
    (i) The quantity of carbon dioxide in kilograms must be sufficient 
for initial and delayed discharges as required by this paragraph. The 
initial discharge must be equal to the gross volume of the system 
divided by 160 (10 if using pounds) for ventilation systems having a 
volume of less than 57 cubic meters (2,000 cubic feet), or divided by 
192 (12 if using pounds) for ventilation systems having a volume of at 
least 57 cubic meters (2,000 cubic feet). In addition, there must be 
sufficient carbon dioxide available to permit delayed discharges to 
maintain at least a 25 percent concentration until the equipment can be 
stopped. If the initial discharge achieves this concentration, a 
delayed discharge is not required.
    (ii) The piping sizes for the initial discharge must be in 
accordance with Table 118.410(f)(4)(ii) and the discharge of the 
required amount must be completed within two minutes.
    (iii) Piping for the delayed discharge must not be less than 12.7 
millimeters (0.5 inches) nominal pipe size, and need not meet specific 
requirement for discharge rate.
    (iv) Piping for the delayed discharge may be incorporated with the 
initial discharge piping.
    (6) When installed in a cargo space a fixed carbon dioxide system 
must meet the following requirements.
    (i) The number of kilograms (pounds) of carbon dioxide required for 
each space in cubic meters (feet) must be equal to the gross volume of 
the space in cubic meters (feet) divided by 480 (30 if using pounds).

[[Page 921]]

    (ii) System piping must be of at least 19 millimeters (0.75 
inches).
    (iii) No specific discharge rate is required.
    (g) Specific requirements for Halon 1301 systems. (1) A custom 
engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system that uses Halon 1301, 
must comply with the applicable sections of UL 1058 ``Halogenated Agent 
Extinguishing System Units,'' and the requirements of this paragraph.
    (2) The Halon 1301 quantity and discharge requirements of UL 1058 
apply, with the exception that the Halon 1301 design concentration must 
be 6 percent at the lowest ambient temperature expected in the space. 
If the lowest temperature is not known, a temperature of -18 deg. C 
(0 deg. F) must be assumed.
    (3) Each storage cylinder in a system must have the same pressure 
and volume.
    (4) Computer programs used in designing systems must be approved by 
an independent laboratory recognized by the Commandant.

    Note to Sec. 118.410(g): As of Jan. 1, 1994, the United States 
banned the production of Halon. The Environmental Protection Agency 
placed significant restrictions on the servicing and maintenance of 
systems containing Halon. Vessels operating on an international 
voyage, subject to SOLAS requirements, are prohibited from 
installing fixed gas fire extinguishing systems containing Halon.


Sec. 118.420  Pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    (a) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system must:
    (1) Be approved by the Commandant;
    (2) Be capable of manual actuation from outside the space in 
addition to automatic actuation by a heat detector;
    (3) Automatically shut down all power ventilation systems and all 
engines that draw intake air from within the protection space; and
    (4) Be installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
    (b) A vessel on which a pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing 
system is installed must have the following equipment at the operating 
station:
    (1) A light to indicate discharge;
    (2) An audible alarm that sounds upon discharge; and
    (3) A means to reset devices used to automatically shut down 
ventilation systems and engines as required by paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section.
    (c) Only one pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system is 
allowed to be installed in each space protected by such a system.


Sec. 118.425  Galley hood fire extinguishing systems.

    (a) A grease extraction hood required by Sec. 118.400 of this part 
must meet UL 710 ``Exhaust Hoods for Commercial Cooking Equipment,'' or 
other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (b) A grease extraction hood must be equipped with a dry or wet 
chemical fire extinguishing system meeting the applicable sections of 
NFPA 17 ``Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems,'' 17A ``Wet Chemical 
Extinguishing Systems,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant, 
and must be listed by an independent laboratory recognized by the 
Commandant.

Subpart E--Portable Fire Extinguishers


Sec.  118.500  Required number, type, and location.

    (a) Each portable fire extinguisher on a vessel must be of a type 
approved by the Commandant. The minimum number of portable fire 
extinguishers required on a vessel must be acceptable to the cognizant 
OCMI, but must be not less than the minimum number required by Table 
118.500(a) and other provisions of this section.

                                                Table 118.500(a)                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      Type extinguisher permitted               
         Space protected             Minimum number   ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        required             CG class              Medium            Min. size  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating station...............  1..................  B-I, C-I...........  Halon...............     1.1 kg (2.5
                                                                                                             lb)
                                                                            CO2.................   1.8 kg (4 lb)
                                                                            Dry chemical........   0.9 kg (2 lb)
Machinery space.................  1..................  B-II, C-II located   Halon...............  4.5 kg (10 lb)
                                                        just outside exit.                                      
                                                                            CO2.................  6.8 kg (15 lb)
                                                                            Dry chemical........  4.5 kg (10 lb)
Open vehicle deck...............  1 for every 10       B-II...............  Foam................      9.5 L (2.5
                                   vehicles.                                                                gal)
                                                                            Halon...............  4.5 kg (10 lb)
                                                                            CO2.................  6.8 kg (15 lb)
                                                                            Dry chemical........  4.5 kg (10 lb)
Accommodation space.............  1 for each 232.3     A-II...............  Foam................      9.5 L (2.5
                                   square meters                                                            gal)
                                   (2,500 square                                                                
                                   feet) or fraction                                                            
                                   thereof.                                                                     
                                                                            Dry chemical........   2.3 kg (5 lb)
                                                                            ....................  ..............
Galley, pantry, concession stand  1..................  A-II...............  Foam................      9.5 L (2.5
                                                                                                            gal)
                                                       B-II...............  Dry chemical........  4.5 kg (10 lb)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) A vehicle deck without a fixed sprinkler system and exposed to 
weather must have one B-II portable fire extinguisher for every five 
vehicles, located near an entrance to the space.
    (c) The cognizant OCMI may permit the use of a larger portable fire 
extinguisher, or a semiportable fire extinguisher, in lieu of those 
required by this section.
    (d) The frame or support of each B-V fire extinguisher permitted by 
paragraph (c) of this section must be welded or otherwise permanently 
attached to a bulkhead or deck.


Sec.  118.520  Installation and location.

    Portable fire extinguishers must be located so that they are 
clearly visible and readily accessible from the space being protected. 
The installation and location must be to the satisfaction of the 
cognizant OCMI.

Subpart F--Additional Equipment


Sec. 118.600  Fire axe.

    A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have at 
least one fire 

[[Page 922]]
axe located in or adjacent to the primary operating station.

PART 119--MACHINERY INSTALLATION

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
119.100  Intent.
119.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Propulsion Machinery

119.200  General.
119.220  Installations.

Subpart C--Auxiliary Machinery

119.310  Installations.
119.320  Water heaters.
119.330  Pressure vessels.

Subpart D--Specific Machinery Requirements

119.400  Applicability.
119.405  Fuel restrictions.
119.410  General requirements.
119.420  Engine cooling.
119.422  Keel and grid cooler installations.
119.425  Engine exhaust cooling.
119.430  Engine exhaust pipe installation.
119.435  Integral fuel tanks.
119.440  Independent fuel tanks.
119.445  Fill and sounding pipes for fuel tanks.
119.450  Vent pipes for fuel tanks.
119.455  Fuel piping.
119.458  Portable fuel systems.
119.465  Ventilation of spaces containing diesel machinery.
119.470  Ventilation of space containing diesel fuel tanks.

Subpart E--Bilge and Ballast Systems

119.500  General.
119.510  Bilge piping system.
119.520  Bilge pumps.
119.530  Bilge high level alarms.
119.540  Ballast systems.

Subpart F--Steering Systems

119.600  General.

Subpart G--Piping Systems

119.700  General.
119.710  Piping for vital systems.
119.715  Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-
vital systems.
119.720  Nonmetallic piping materials.
119.730  Nonferrous metallic piping materials.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 119.100  Intent.

    This part contains requirements for the design, construction, 
installation, and operation of propulsion and auxiliary machinery, 
piping and pressure systems steering apparatus, and associated safety 
systems. Machinery and equipment installed on each vessel must be 
suitable for the vessel and its operation and for the purpose intended. 
All machinery and equipment must be installed and maintained in such a 
manner as to afford adequate protection from causing fire, explosion, 
machinery failure, and personnel injury.


Sec. 119.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section, an existing vessel must comply with the regulations on 
machinery, bilge and ballast system equipment, steering apparatus, and 
piping systems or components that were applicable to the vessel on 
March 10, 1996, or, as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the 
regulations in this part.
    (b) New installations of machinery, bilge and ballast system 
equipment, steering equipment, and piping systems or components on an 
existing vessel, which are completed to the satisfaction of the 
cognizant Office in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) on or after March 
11, 1996, must comply with the regulations of this part. Replacement of 
existing equipment installed on the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, 
need no comply with the regulations in this part.
    (c) On or before March 11, 1999, an existing vessel must comply 
with the bilge high level alarm requirements in Sec. 119.530 of this 
section.

Subpart B--Propulsion Machinery


Sec. 119.200  General.

    (a) Propulsion machinery must be suitable in type and design for 
propulsion requirements of the hull in which it is installed and 
capable of operating at constant marine load under such requirements 
without exceeding its designed limitations.
    (b) All engines must have at least two means for stopping the 
engine(s) under any operating conditions. The fuel oil shutoff required 
at the engine by Sec. 119.455(b)(3) of this part will satisfy one means 
of stopping the engine.


Sec. 119.220  Installations.

    (a) The installation requirements for machinery and boilers for 
steam and electrically propelled vessels are contained in applicable 
regulations in subchapter F (Marine Engineering) and subchapter J 
(Electrical Engineering) of this chapter.
    (b) Installation of propulsion machinery of an unusual type for 
small passenger vessels must be given separate consideration and must 
be subject to such requirements as determined necessary by the 
cognizant OCMI. Unusual types of propulsion machinery include:
    (1) Gas turbine machinery installations;
    (2) Air screws;
    (3) Hydraulic jets; and
    (4) Machinery installations using lift devices.

Subpart C--Auxiliary Machinery


Sec. 119.310  Installations.

    (a) Auxiliary machinery of the internal combustion piston type must 
comply with the provisions of this part.
    (b) Auxiliary machinery of the steam or gas turbine type will be 
given separate consideration and must meet the applicable requirements 
of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter as determined 
necessary by the cognizant OCMI.
    (c) Auxiliary boilers and heating boilers and their associated 
piping and fittings will be given separate consideration and must meet 
the applicable requirements of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of 
this chapter as determined necessary by the cognizant OCMI, except that 
heating boilers must be tested or examined every three years.


Sec. 119.320  Water heaters.

    (a) A water heater must meet the requirements of Parts 52 and 63 in 
subchapter F of this chapter if rated at more than 689 kPa (100 psig) 
or 121 deg. C (250 deg. F).
    (b) A water heater must meet the requirements of Parts 53 and 63 in 
subchapter F of this chapter if rated at not more than 689 kPa (100 
psig) and 121 deg. C (250 deg. F), except that an electric water heater 
is also acceptable if it:
    (1) Has a capacity of not more than 454 liters (120 gallons):
    (2) Has a heat input of not more than 58.6 kilowatts (200,000 Btu 
per hour);
    (3) Is listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) under UL 174, 
``Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters,'' UL 1453, ``Electric 
Booster and Commercial Storage Tank Water Heaters,'' or other standard 
specified by the Commandant; and
    (4) Is protected by a pressure-temperature relief device.
    (c) A water heater must be installed and secured from rolling by 
straps or other devices to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 119.330  Pressure vessels.

    All unfired pressure vessels must be installed to the satisfaction 
of the cognizant OCMI. The design, construction, and original testing 
of such unfired pressure vessels must meet the applicable requirements 
of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter.

[[Page 923]]


Subpart D--Specific Machinery Requirements


Sec. 119.400  Applicability.

    (a) This subpart applies to all propulsion and auxiliary machinery 
installations of the internal combustion piston type.
    (b) Where no specific fuel designation exists, the requirements of 
this subpart are applicable to all types of fuels and machinery.


Sec. 119.405  Fuel restrictions.

    The use of a fuel, other than diesel fuel, as an alternative fuel 
for an internal combustion engine, except gasoline when used as a fuel 
for outboard motors as allowed by Sec. 119.458 of this part, will be 
reviewed on a case-by-case basis by Commandant.


Sec. 119.410  General requirements.

    (a) Each starting motor, generator, and spark producing device must 
be mounted as high above the bilges as practicable.
    (b) Gauges to indicate engine revolutions per minute (RPM), jacket 
water discharge temperature, and lubricating oil pressure must be 
provided for all propulsion engines installed in the vessel. The gauges 
must be readily visible at the operating station.
    (c) In systems and applications where flexible hoses are permitted 
to be clamped:
    (1) Double hose clamping is required on each end of the hose, where 
practicable, except that one hose clamp can be used if the pipe ends 
are expanded or beaded to provide a positive stop against hose 
slippage;
    (2) The clamps must be of a corrosion resistant metallic material; 
and
    (3) The clamps must not depend on spring tension for their holding 
power.


Sec. 119.420  Engine cooling.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 
all engines must be water cooled and meet the requirements of this 
paragraph.
    (1) The engine head, block, and exhaust manifold must be water 
jacketed and cooled by water from a pump that operates whenever the 
engine is operating.
    (2) A suitable hull strainer must be installed in the circulating 
raw water intake line of an engine cooling water system.
    (3) A closed fresh water system may be used to cool the engine.
    (b) A propulsion or auxiliary diesel engine may be air cooled or 
employ an air cooled jacket water radiator when:
    (1) Installed on an open deck and sufficient ventilation for 
machinery cooling is available; or
    (2) Installed in an enclosed or partially enclosed space for which 
ventilation for machinery cooling that complies with the requirement of 
Sec. 119.465(b) of this part is provided, and other necessary 
safeguards are taken so as not to endanger the vessel.


Sec. 119.422  Keel and grid cooler installations.

    (a) A keel or grid cooler installation used for engine cooling must 
be designed to prevent flooding.
    (b) Except as provided in paragraph (e), a shutoff valve must be 
located where the cooler piping penetrates the shell, as near the shell 
as practicable, except where the penetration is forward of the 
collision bulkhead.
    (c) The thickness of the inlet and discharge connections, outboard 
of the shutoff values required by paragraph (b) of this section, must 
be at least Schedule 80.
    (d) Short lengths of approved nonmetallic flexible hose, fixed by 
two hose clamps at each end of the hose, may be used at machinery 
connections for a keel cooler installation.
    (e) Shutoff valves are not required for keel and grid coolers that 
are integral to the hull. A keel cooler is considered integral to the 
hull if the following conditions are satisfied:
    (1) The cooler structure is fabricated from material of the same 
thickness and quality as the hull;
    (2) The flexible connections are located well above the deepest 
subdivision draft;
    (3) The end of the structure is faired to the hull with a slope no 
greater than 4 to 1; and
    (4) Full penetration welds are employed in the fabrication of the 
structure and its attachment to the hull.


Sec. 119.425  Engine exhaust cooling.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, all engine 
exhaust pipes must be water cooled.
    (1) Vertical dry exhaust pipes are permissible if installed in 
compliance with Secs. 116.405(c) and 116.970 of this chapter.
    (2) Horizontal dry exhaust pipes are permitted only if:
    (i) They do not pass through living or berthing spaces;
    (ii) They terminate above the deepest load waterline;
    (iii) They are so arranged as to prevent entry of cold water from 
rough or boarding seas;
    (iv) They are constructed of corrosion resisting material at the 
hull penetration; and
    (v) They are installed in compliance with Secs. 116.405(c) and 
116.970 of this chapter.
    (b) The exhaust pipe cooling water system must comply with the 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) Water for cooling the exhaust pipe must be obtained from the 
engine cooling water system or a separate engine driven pump.
    (2) Water for cooling an exhaust pipe, other than a vertical 
exhaust, must be injected into the exhaust system as near to the engine 
manifold as practicable. The water must pass through the entire length 
of the exhaust pipe.
    (3) The part of the exhaust system between the point of cooling 
water injection and the engine manifold must be water-jacketed or 
effectively insulated and protected in compliance with Secs. 116.400(b) 
and 116.970 of this chapter.
    (4) Each vertical exhaust pipe must be water-jacketed or suitably 
insulated between the engine manifold and the spark arrester required 
by Sec. 119.430(g) of this part.
    (5) When the exhaust cooling water system is separate from the 
engine cooling water system, a suitable warning device, visual or 
audible, must be installed at the operating station to indicate any 
reduction in normal water flow in the exhaust cooling system.
    (6) A suitable hull strainer must be installed in the circulating 
raw water intake line for the exhaust cooling system.
    (c) Engine exhaust cooling systems built in accordance with the 
requirements of American Boat and Yacht Council (ABCY) P-1, 
``Installation of Exhaust Systems for Propulsion and Auxiliary 
Engines,'' will be considered as meeting the requirements of this 
section.


Sec. 119.430  Engine exhaust pipe installation.

    (a) The design of all exhaust systems must ensure minimum risk of 
injury to personnel. Protection must be provided in compliance with 
Sec. 116.970 of this chapter at such locations where persons or 
equipment might come in contact with an exhaust pipe.
    (b) Exhaust gas must not leak from the piping or any connections. 
The piping must be properly supported by noncombustible hangers or 
blocks.
    (c) The exhaust piping must be so arranged as to prevent backflow 
of water from reaching engine exhaust ports under normal conditions.
    (d) An exhaust pipe discharge located less than 75 millimeters (3 
inches) above the deepest load waterline must be installed with a means 
to prevent the entrance of water. 

[[Page 924]]

    (e) Pipes used for wet exhaust lines must be at least Schedule 80 
or corrosion resistant material and adequately protected from 
mechanical damage.
    (f) Where flexibility is necessary, a section of flexible metallic 
hose may be used. Nonmetallic hose may be used for wet exhaust systems 
provided it is especially adapted to resist the action of oil, acid, 
and heat, and has a wall thickness sufficient to prevent collapsing or 
panting, and is double clamped where practicable.
    (g) Where an exhaust pipe passes through a watertight bulkhead, the 
watertight integrity of the bulkhead must be maintained. Noncombustible 
packing must be used in bulkhead penetration glands for dry exhaust 
systems. A wet exhaust pipe may be welded to a steel or equivalent 
bulkhead in way of a penetration if suitable arrangements are provided 
to relieve the stresses resulting from the expansion of the exhaust 
piping.
    (h) A dry exhaust pipe must:
    (1) If it passes through a combustible bulkhead or partition, be 
kept clear of, and suitably insulated or shielded from, combustible 
material.
    (2) Be provided with noncombustible hangers and blocks for support.
    (i) An exhaust pipe discharge terminating in a transom must be 
located as far outboard as practicable so that exhaust gases cannot 
reenter the vessel.
    (j) Arrangements must be made to provide access to allow complete 
inspection of the exhaust piping throughout its length.
    (k) An exhaust installation subject to pressures in excess of 105 
kPa (15 psig) or having exhaust pipes passing through living or working 
spaces must meet the material requirements of Part 56 of subchapter F 
(Marine Engineering) of this chapter.
    (1) Engine exhaust installations built in accordance with the 
requirements of ABYC P-1 will be considered as meeting the requirements 
of this section.


Sec. 119.435  integral fuel tanks.

    (a) Diesel fuel tanks may not be built integral with the hull of a 
vessel unless the hull is made of steel or aluminum.
    (b) During the initial inspection for certification of a vessel, 
integral fuel tanks must withstand a hydrostatic pressure test of 35 
kPa (5 psig), or the maximum pressure head to which they may be 
subjected in service, whichever is greater. A standpipe of 3.5 meters 
(11.5 feet) in height attached to the tank may be filled with water to 
accomplish the 35 kPa (5 psig) test.


Sec. 119.440  Independent fuel tanks.

    (a) Materials and construction. Independent fuel tanks must be 
designed and constructed of materials in compliance with the 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) The material used and the minimum thickness allowed must be as 
indicated in Table 119.440(a)(1), except that other materials which 
provide equivalent safety may be approved for use under paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section. Tanks having a capacity of more than 570 liters 
(150 gallons) must be designed to withstand the maximum head to which 
they may be subjected in service, but in no case may the thickness be 
less than that specified in Table 119.440(a)(1).

                                               Table 119.440(a)(1)                                              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Thickness in millimeters (inches) & [gage number] \1\ vs.
                                                                         tank capacities for:                   
                                                     -----------------------------------------------------------
                                  ASTM Specification                         More than 300                      
            Material               (latest edition)                       liter (80 gal) and                    
                                                       4 to 300 liter (1   not more than 570    Over 570 liter  
                                                       to 80 gal) tanks     liter (150 gal)      (150 gal) \2\  
                                                                                 tanks               tanks      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nickel-copper...................  B127, hot rolled    0.94 (0.037) [USSG  1.27 (0.050) [USSG  2.72 (0.107) [USSG
                                   sheet or plate.     20] \3\.            18].                12]              
Copper-nickel \4\...............  B122, UNS alloy     1.14 (0.045) [AWG   1.45 (0.057) [AWG   3.25 (0.128) [AWG 
                                   C71500.             17].                15].                8]               
Copper \4\......................  B152, UNS alloy     1.45 (0.057) [AWG   2.06 (0.081) [AWG   4.62 (0.182) [AWG 
                                   C11000.             15].                12].                5]               
Copper-silicon \4\..............  B97, alloys A, B,   1.29 (0.051) [AWG   1.63 (0.064) [AWG   3.66 (0.144) [AWG 
                                   and C.              16].                14].                7]               
Steel or iron5, 6...............  ..................  1.90 (0.0747) [MSG  2.66 (0.1046) [MSG  4.55 (0.1793) [MSG
                                                       14].                12].                7]               
Aluminum \7\....................  B209, alloy 5052,   6.35 (0.250) [USSG  6.35 (0.250) [USSG  6.35 (0.250) [USSG
                                   5083, 5086.         3].                 3].                 3]               
Fiber reinforced plastic........  ..................  as required \8\...  as required \8\...  as required \8\   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The gage numbers used in this table may be found in many standard engineering reference books. The letters  
  ``USSG'' stand for ``U.S. Standard Gage,'' which was established by the act of March 3, 1892 (15 U.S.C. 206), 
  for sheet and plate iron and steel. The letters ``AWG'' stand for ``American Wire Gage'' (or Brown and Sharpe 
  Gage) for nonferrous sheet thicknesses. The letters ``MSG'' stand for ``Manufacturers' Standard Gage'' for    
  sheet steel thickness.                                                                                        
\2\ Tanks over 1514 liters (400 gallons) shall be designed with a factor of safety of four on the ultimate      
  strength of the material used with a design held of not less than 1220 millimeters (4 feet) of liquid above   
  the top of the tank.                                                                                          
\3\ Nickel-copper not less than 0.79 millimeter (0.031 inch) [USSG 22] may be used for tanks up to 114- liter   
  (30-gallon) capacity.                                                                                         
\4\ Acceptable only for gasoline service.                                                                       
\5\ Gasoline fuel tanks constructed of iron or steel, which are less than 5 millimeter (0.1875 inch) thick,     
  shall be galvanized inside and outside by the hot dip process. Tanks intended for use with diesel oil shall   
  not be internally galvanized.                                                                                 
\6\ Stainless steel tanks are not included in this category.                                                    
\7\ Anodic to most common metals. Avoid dissimilar metal contact with tank body.                                
\8\ The requirements of Sec.  119.440(a)(2) apply.                                                              

    (2) Fiber reinforced plastic may be used for diesel fuel tanks 
under the following provisions:
    (i) The materials must be fire retardant. Flammability of the 
material must be determined by the standard test methods in American 
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D635, ``Rate of Burning and/or 
Extent and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in a Horizontal 
Position,'' and 

[[Page 925]]
ASTM D2863, ``Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support 
Candle-like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index),'' or other standard 
specified by the Commandant. The results of these tests must show that 
the average extent of burning is less than 10 millimeters (0.394 
inches), the average time of burning is less than 50 seconds, and the 
limiting oxygen index is greater than 21.
    (ii) Tanks must meet UL 1102, ``Non integral Marine Fuel Tanks,'' 
or other standard specified by the Commandant. Testing may be 
accomplished by an independent laboratory or by the fabricator to the 
satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.
    (iii) Tanks must be designed to withstand the maximum head to which 
they may be subjected to in service.
    (iv) Installation of nozzles, flanges or other fittings for pipe 
connections to the tanks must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.
    (v) Baffle plates, if installed, must be of the same material and 
not less than the minimum thickness of the tank walls. Limber holes at 
the bottom and air holes at the top of all baffles must be provided. 
Baffle plates must be installed at the time the tests required by UL 
1102, or other standard specified by the Commandant, are conducted.
    (3) Materials other than those listed in Table 119.440(a)(1) must 
be approved by the Commandant. An independent tank using material 
approved by the Commandant under this paragraph must meet the testing 
requirements of UL 1102, or other standard specified by the Commandant. 
Testing may be accomplished by an independent laboratory or by the 
fabricator to the satisfaction of the OCMI.
    (4) Tanks with flanged-up top edges that may trap and hold moisture 
are prohibited.
    (5) Openings for fill pipes, vent pipes, and machinery fuel supply 
pipes, and openings for fuel level gauges, where used, must be on the 
topmost surfaces of tanks. Tanks may not have any openings in bottoms, 
sides, or ends, except for:
    (i) An opening fitted with a threaded plug or cap installed for 
tank cleaning purposes; and
    (ii) In a diesel fuel tank, openings for supply piping and tubular 
gauge glasses.
    (6) All tank joints must be welded or brazed. Lap joints may not be 
used.
    (7) Nozzles, flanges, or other fittings for pipe connections to a 
metal tank must be welded or brazed to the tank. Tank openings in way 
of pipe connections must be properly reinforced where necessary. Where 
fuel level gauges are used on a metal tank, the flanges to which gauge 
fittings are attached must be welded or brazed to the tank. Tubular 
gauge glasses, if fitted to diesel fuel tanks, must be of heat 
resistant materials, adequately protected from mechanical damage, and 
provided at the tank connections with devices that will automatically 
close in the event of rupture of the gauge or gauge lines.
    (8) A metal tank exceeding 760 millimeters (30 inches) in any 
horizontal dimension must:
    (i) Be fitted with vertical baffle plates, which meet paragraph 
(a)(9) of this section, at intervals not exceeding 760 millimeters (30 
inches) to provide strength and to control the excessive surge of fuel; 
or
    (ii) The owner shall submit calculations to the Commanding Officer, 
Marine Safety Center demonstrating the structural adequacy of the tank 
in a fully loaded static condition and in a worst case dynamic 
(sloshing) condition.
    (9) Baffle plates, where required in metal tanks, must be of the 
same material and not less than the minimum thickness required in the 
tank walls and must be connected to the tank walls by welding or 
brazing. Limber holes at the bottom and air holes at the top of all 
baffles must be provided.
    (10) Iron or steel diesel fuel tanks must not be galvanized on the 
interior. Galvanizing, paint, or other suitable coating must be used to 
protect the outside of iron and steel diesel fuel tanks.
    (b) Location and installation. Independent fuel tanks must be 
located and installed in compliance with the requirements of this 
paragraph.
    (1) Fuel tanks must be located in, or as close as practicable to, 
machinery spaces.
    (2) Fuel tanks and fittings must be so installed as to permit 
examination, testing, or removal for cleaning with minimum disturbance 
to the hull structure.
    (3) Fuel tanks must be adequately supported and braced to prevent 
movement. The supports and braces must be insulated from contact with 
the tank surfaces with a nonabrasive and nonabsorbent material.
    (4) All fuel tanks must be electrically bonded to a common ground.
    (c) Tests. Independent fuel tanks must be tested in compliance with 
the requirements of this part prior to being used to carry fuel.
    (1) Prior to installation, tanks vented to the atmosphere must be 
hydrostatically tested to, and must withstand, a pressure of 35 kPa (5 
psig) or 1.5 times the maximum pressure head to which they may be 
subjected in service, whichever is greater. A standpipe of 3.5 meters 
(11.5 feet) in height attached to the tank may be filled with water to 
accomplish the 35 kPa (5 psig) test. Permanent deformation of the tank 
will not be cause for rejection unless accompanied by leakage.
    (2) After installation of the fuel tank on a vessel, the complete 
installation must be tested in the presence of a marine inspector, or 
an individual specified by the cognizant OCMI, to a head not less than 
that to which the tank may be subjected in service. Fuel may be used as 
the testing medium.
    (3) All tanks not vented to the atmosphere must be constructed and 
tested in accordance with Sec. 119.330 of this part.


Sec. 119.445  Fill and sounding pipes for fuel tanks.

    (a) Fill pipes for fuel tanks must be not less than 40 millimeters 
(1.5 inches) nominal pipe size.
    (b) There must be a means of accurately determining the amount of 
fuel in each fuel tank either by sounding, through a separate sounding 
pipe or a fill pipe, or by an installed marine type fuel gauge.
    (c) Where sounding pipes are used, each opening must be at least as 
high as the opening of the fill pipe and they must be kept closed at 
all times except during sounding.
    (d) Full pipes and sounding pipes must be so arranged that overflow 
of liquid or vapor cannot escape to the inside of the vessel.
    (e) Fill pipes and sounding pipes must run as directly as possible, 
preferably in a straight line, from the deck connection to the top of 
the tank. Such pipes must terminate on the weather deck and must be 
fitted with shutoff valves, watertight deck plates, or screw caps, 
suitably marked for identification. Diesel fill pipes and sounding 
pipes may terminate at the top of the tank.
    (f) Where a flexible fill pipe section is necessary, suitable 
flexible tubing or hose having high resistance to salt water, petroleum 
oils, heat and vibration, may be used. Such hose must overlap metallic 
pipe ends at least 1.5 times the pipe diameter and must be secured at 
each end by clamps. The flexible section must be accessible and as near 
the upper end of the fill pipe as practicable. When the flexible 
section is a nonconductor of electricity, the metallic sections of the 
fill pipe separated thereby must be joined by a conductor for 
protection against generation of a static charge when filling with 
fuel.

[[Page 926]]



Sec. 119.450  Vent pipes for fuel tanks.

    (a) Each unpressurized fuel tank must be fitted with a pipe 
connected to the highest point of the tank.
    (b) The minimum net cross sectional area of the vent pipe for 
diesel fuel tanks must be as follows:
    (1) Not less than the cross sectional area of 16 millimeters (0.625 
inches) outer diameter (O.D.) tubing (0.9 millimeter (0.035 inch) wall 
thickness, 20 gauge), if the fill pipe terminates at the top of the 
tank;
    (2) Not less than the cross sectional area of 19 millimeters (0.75 
inches) O.D. tubing (9.8 millimeter (0.035) inch) wall thickness, 20 
gauge), if the fill pipe extends into the tank; and
    (3) Not less than the cross sectional area of the fill pipe if the 
tank is filled under pressure.
    (c) The discharge ends of fuel tank vent pipes must terminate on 
the hull exterior as high above the waterline as practicable and remote 
from any hull openings, or they must terminate in U-bends as high above 
the weather deck as practicable and as far as practicable from opening 
into any enclosed spaces. Vent pipes terminating on the hull exterior 
must be installed or equipped to prevent the accidental contamination 
of the fuel by water under normal operating conditions.
    (d) The discharge ends of fuel tank vent pipes must be fitted with 
removable flame screens or flame arresters. The flame screens must 
consist of a single screen of corrosion resistant wire of at least 
30x30 mesh. The flame screens or flame arresters must be of such size 
and design as to prevent reduction in the net cross sectional area of 
the vent pipe and permit cleaning or renewal of the flame screens or 
arrester elements.
    (e) Where a flexible vent pipe section is necessary, suitable 
flexible tubing or hose having high resistance to salt water, petroleum 
oils, heat and vibration, may be used. Such hose must overlap metallic 
pipe ends at least 1.5 times the pipe diameter and must be secured at 
each end by clamps. The flexible section must be accessible and as near 
the upper end of the vent pipe as practicable.
    (f) Fuel tank vent pipes shall be installed to gradient upward to 
prevent fuel from being trapped in the line.


Sec. 119.455  Fuel piping.

    (a) Materials and workmanship. The materials and construction of 
fuel lines, including pipe, tube, and hose, must comply with the 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) Fuel lines must be annealed tubing of copper, nickel-copper, or 
copper-nickel having a minimum wall thickness of 0.9 millimeters (0.35 
inches) except that:
    (i) Diesel fuel piping of other materials, such as seamless steel 
pipe or tubing, which provide equivalent safety may be used;
    (ii) Diesel fuel piping of aluminum is acceptable on aluminum hull 
vessels provided it is at lest Schedule 80; and
    (iii) When used, flexible hose must meet the requirements of 
Sec. 56.60-25 in subchapter F of this chapter.
    (2) Tubing connections and fittings must be of nonferrous drawn or 
forged metal of the flared type except that flareless fittings of the 
nonbite type may be used when the tubing system is of nickel-copper or 
copper-nickel. When making tube connections, the tubing must be cut 
square and flared by suitable tools. Tube ends must be annealed before 
flaring.
    (3) Cocks are prohibited except for the solid bottom type with 
tapered plugs and union bonnets.
    (b) Installation. The installation of fuel lines, including pipe, 
tube, and hose, must comply with the requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) Diesel fuel lines may be connected to the fuel tank at or near 
the bottom of the tank.
    (2) Fuel lines must be accessible, protected from mechanical 
injury, and effectively secured against excessive movement and 
vibration by the use of soft nonferrous metal straps that have no sharp 
edges and are insulated to protect against corrosion. Where passing 
through bulkheads, fuel lines must be protected by close fitting 
ferrules or stuffing boxes. All fuel lines and fittings must be 
accessible for inspection.
    (3) Shutoff valves, installed so as to close against the fuel flow, 
must be fitted in the fuel supply lines, one at the tank connection and 
one at the engine end of the fuel line to stop fuel flow when servicing 
accessories. The shutoff valve at the tank must be manually operable 
from outside the compartment in which the valve is located, preferably 
from an accessible position on the weather dock. If the handle to the 
shutoff valve at the tank is located inside the tank compartment, it 
must be located so that the operator does not have to reach more than 
300 millimeters (12 inches) into the compartment and the valve handle 
must be shielded from flames by the same material the hull is 
constructed of, or some noncombustible material. Electric solenoid 
valves must not be used, unless used in addition to the manual valve.
    (4) A loop of copper tubing or a short length of flexible hose must 
be installed in the fuel supply line at or near the engines. The 
flexible hose must meet the requirements of Sec. 56.60-25 in subchapter 
F of this chapter.
    (5) A suitable metal marine type strainer, meeting the requirements 
of the engine manufacturer, must be fitted in the fuel supply line in 
the engine compartment. Strainers must be leak free. Strainers must be 
of the type opening on top for cleaning screens. Fuel filter and 
strainer bowls must be highly resistant to shattering due to mechanical 
impact and resistant to failure due to thermal shock. Fuel filters 
fitted with bowls of other than steel construction must be approved by 
the Commandant and be protected from mechanical damage. Approval of 
bowls of other than steel construction will specify if a flame shield 
is required.
    (6) All accessories installed in the fuel line must be 
independently supported.
    (7) Valves for removing water or impurities from diesel fuel in 
water traps or strainers are permitted. These valves must be provided 
with caps or plugs to prevent fuel leakage.


Sec. 119.458  Portable fuel systems.

    (a) Portable fuel systems, including portable tanks and related 
fuel lines and accessories, are prohibited except where used for 
outboard motor installations.
    (b) The design, construction and stowage of portable tanks and 
related fuel lines and accessories must meet the requirements of ABYC 
H-25, ``Portable Gasoline Fuel Systems for Flammable Liquids,'' or 
other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 119.465  Ventilation of spaces containing diesel machinery.

    (a) A space containing diesel machinery must be fitted with 
adequate means, such as dripproof ventilators, ducts, or louvers, to 
provide sufficient air for proper operation of main engines and 
auxiliary engines.
    (b) Air-cooled propulsion and auxiliary diesel engines installed 
below deck, as permitted by Sec. 119.420 of this part, must be fitted 
with air supply ducts or piping from the weather deck. The ducts or 
piping must be so arranged and supported to be capable of safely 
sustaining stresses induced by weight and engine vibration and to 
minimize transfer of vibration to the supporting structure. Prior to 
installation of ventilation system for such engines, plans or sketches 
showing machinery arrangement including air supplies, exhaust stack, 
method of attachment of ventilation ducts to the engine, location of 
spark arresting mufflers and capacity of ventilation blowers must be 
submitted to the cognizant OCMI for approval.

[[Page 927]]

    (c) A space containing diesel machinery must be fitted with at 
least two ducts to furnish natural or powered supply and exhaust 
ventilation. The total inlet area and the total outlet area of each 
ventilation duct may not be less than one square inch for each foot of 
beam of the vessel. These minimum areas must be increased as necessary 
when the ducts are considered as part of the air supply to the engines.
    (d) A duct must be of rigid permanent construction, which does not 
allow any appreciable vapor flow except through normal openings, and 
made of the same material as the hull or of noncombustible material. 
The duct must lead as directly as possible from its intake opening to 
its terminus and be securely fastened and supported.
    (e) A supply duct must be provided with a cowl or scoop having a 
free area not less than twice the required duct area. When the cowl or 
scoop is screened, the mouth area must be increased to compensate for 
the area of the screen wire. A cowl or scoop must be kept open at all 
times except when the weather is such as to endanger the vessel if the 
openings are not temporarily closed.
    (f) Dampers may not be fitted in a supply duct.
    (g) A duct opening may not be located where the natural flow of air 
is unduly obstructed, adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition, 
or where exhaust air may be taken into a supply duct.
    (h) Provision must be made for closing all supply duct cowls or 
scoops and exhaust duct discharge openings for a space protected by a 
fixed gas extinguishing system. All closure devices must be readily 
available and mounted in the vicinity of the vent.


Sec. 119.470   Ventilation of spaces containing diesel fuel tanks.

    (a) Unless provided with ventilation that complies with 
Sec. 119.465 of this part, a space containing a diesel fuel tank and no 
machinery must meet one of the following requirements:
    (1) A space of 14 cubic meters (500 cubic feet) or more in volume 
must have a gooseneck vent of not less than 65 millimeters (2.5 inches) 
in diameter; or
    (2) A space of less than 14 cubic meters (500 cubic feet) in volume 
must have a gooseneck vent of not less than 40 millimeters (1.5 inches) 
in diameter.
    (b) Vent openings may not be located adjacent to possible sources 
of vapor ignition.

Subpart E--Bilge and Ballast Systems


Sec. 119.500  General.

    (a) A vessel must be provided with a satisfactory arrangement for 
draining any watertight compartment, other than small buoyancy 
compartments, under all practicable conditions. Sluice valves are not 
permitted in watertight bulkheads.
    (b) Special consideration may be given to vessels, such as high 
speed craft, which have a high degree of subdivision and utilize 
numerous small buoyancy compartments. Where the probability of flooding 
of the space is limited to external hull damage, compartment drainage 
may be omitted provided it can be shown by stability calculations, 
submitted to the cognizant OCMI, that the safety of the vessel will not 
be impaired.


Sec. 119.510  Bilge piping system.

    A vessel must be provided with a piping system that meets 
Sec. 56.50-50 in subchapter F of this chapter, with the following 
exceptions:
    (a) The space forward of the collision bulkhead need not be fitted 
with a bilge suction line when the arrangement of the vessel is such 
that ordinary leakage may be removed from this compartment by the use 
of a hand portable bilge pump or other equipment, and such equipment is 
provided; and
    (b) The vessel need not comply with Sec. 56.50-50(f) is subchapter 
F of this chapter.


Sec. 119.520  Bilge pumps.

    (a) Each vessel must be provided with bilge pumps in accordance 
with Sec. 56.50-55 in subchapter F of this chapter, with the following 
exceptions:
    (1) Note 1 in Table 56.50-55(a) is not applicable and should be 
disregarded; and
    (2) A non-self-propelled vessel must comply with Sec. 56.50-55(a) 
in subchapter F of this chapter instead of Sec. 56.50-55(b).
    (b) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 
section, a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
have a portable hand bilge pump that must be:
    (1) Capable of pumping water, but not necessarily simultaneously, 
from all watertight compartments; and
    (2) Provided with suitable suction and discharge hoses capable of 
reaching the bilges of each watertight compartment, and discharging 
overboard.
    (c) A second power pump is an acceptable alternative to a hand pump 
if it is supplied by a source independent of the first power bilge 
pump.


Sec. 119.530  Bilge high level alarms.

    (a) Each vessel must be provided with a visual and audible alarms 
at the operating station to indicate a high water level in each of the 
following normally unmanned spaces:
    (1) A space with a through-hull fitting below the deepest load 
waterline, such as a lazerette;
    (2) A machinery space bilge, bilge well, shaft alley bilge, or 
other spaces subject to flooding from sea water piping within the 
space; and
    (3) A space with a non-watertight closure , such as a space with a 
non-watertight hatch on the main deck.
    (b) A visual indicator must be provided at the operating station to 
indicate when any automatic bilge pump is operating.


Sec. 119.540  Ballast systems.

    Solid and water ballast must comply with the requirements of 
Subpart L of Part 116 of this subchapter.

Subpart F--Steering Systems.


Sec. 119.600  General.

    A self-propelled vessel must meet the applicable requirements for 
main and auxiliary steering apparatus in subchapters F (Marine 
Engineering) and J (Electrical Engineering) of this chapter.

Subpart G--Piping Systems


Sec. 119.700  General.

    Materials used in piping systems must meet the requirements of this 
subpart and be otherwise acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 119.710  Piping for vital systems.

    (a) Vital systems are those systems that are vital to a vessel's 
survivability and safety. For the purpose of this part the following 
are vital systems:
    (1) Fuel systems;
    (2) Fire main;
    (3) CO 2 and Halon systems;
    (4) Bilge system;
    (5) Steering system;
    (6) Propulsion system and its necessary auxiliaries and controls;
    (7) Ship's service and emergency electrical generation system and 
its necessary auxiliaries; and
    (8) A marine engineering system identified by the cognizant OCMI as 
being crucial to the survival of the vessel or to the protection of the 
personnel on board.
    (b) For the purpose of this part, a system not identified in 
paragraph (a) of this section is a non-vital system.
    (c) Piping used in a vital system must meet Sec. 56.60 in 
subchapter F of this chapter, except that Sec. 119.730 of this part 
replaces Sec. 56.60-20 in subchapter F of this chapter.


Sec. 119.715  Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-
vital systems.

    Piping subject to more than 1034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital 
system must be 

[[Page 928]]
designed, fabricated, and inspected in accordance with the principles 
of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B 31.1 ``American 
National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping,'' or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 119.720  Nonmetallic piping materials.

    Nonmetallic piping materials, including nonmetallic flexible hose 
assemblies, must meet the requirements of Sec. 56.60-25 in subchapter F 
of this chapter.


Sec. 119.730  Nonferrous metallic piping materials.

    (a) Nonferrous metallic piping materials are acceptable for use in 
the following:
    (1) Non-vital systems;
    (2) Aluminum fuel piping on an aluminum hulled vessel, if at least 
Schedule 80;
    (3) Aluminum bilge, ballast, and firemain piping on an aluminum 
hulled vessel;
    (4) If acceptable to the cognizant OCMI, nonferrous metallic piping 
with a melting temperature above 927 deg. C (1,700 deg. F) may be used 
in vital systems that are deemed to be galvanically compatible; and
    (5) Other uses specifically accepted by the cognizant OCMI.
    (b) Where nonferrous metallic material is permitted for use in 
piping systems by this subpart, the restrictions in this paragraph 
apply:
    (1) Provisions must be made to protect piping systems using 
aluminum alloys in high risk fire areas due to the low melting point of 
aluminum alloys;
    (2) Provisions must be made to prevent or mitigate the effect of 
galvanic corrosion due to the relative solution potentials of copper, 
aluminum, and alloys of copper and aluminum, which are used in 
conjunction with each other, steel, or other metals and their alloys;
    (3) A suitable thread compound must be used in making up threaded 
joints in aluminum pipe to prevent seizing. Pipe in the annealed temper 
must not be threaded;
    (4) The use of aluminum alloys with a copper content exceeding 0.6 
percent is prohibited; and
    (5) The use of cast aluminum alloys in hydraulic fluid power 
systems must be in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 58.30-15(f) 
in subchapter F of this chapter.

PART 120--ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
120.100  Intent.
120.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--General Requirements

120.200  General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.
120.210  Protection from wet and corrosive environments.
120.220  General safety provisions.

Subpart C--Power Sources and Distribution System

120.310  Power sources.
120.312  Power sources on vessels more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers.
120.320  Generators and motors.
120.322  Multiple generators.
120.324  Dual voltage generators.
120.330  Distribution panels and switchboards.
120.340  Cable and wiring requirements.
120.350  Batteries--general.
120.352  Battery categories.
120.354  Battery installations.
120.360  Semiconductor rectifier systems.
120.370  General grounding requirements.
120.372  Equipment and conductor grounding.
120.376  Grounded distribution system (Neutral ground).
120.380  Overcurrent protection.
120.390  Shore power.
120.392  Radiotelephone installations.

Subpart D--Lighting Systems

120.410  Lighting fixtures.
120.420  Navigation lights.
120.430  Portable lights.
120.432  Emergency lighting.
120.434  Lifeboats and liferaft floodlights on vessel more than 19.8 
meters (65 feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more 
than 49 passengers.

Subpart E--Miscellaneous Systems and Requirements

120.520  Lifeboat winches.
120.530  Hazardous areas.
120.540  Elevators.
120.550  General alarm systems.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 120.100  Intent.

    This part contains requirements for the design, construction, 
installation, and operation of electrical equipment and systems 
including power sources, lighting, motors, miscellaneous equipment, and 
safety systems.


Sec. 120.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section, an existing vessel must comply with the regulations on 
electrical installations, equipment, and material that were applicable 
to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, as an alternative, the vessel may 
comply with the regulations in this part.
    (b) An existing vessel must comply with the requirements of 
Secs. 120.420 and 120.430 of this part.
    (c) New installations of electrical equipment and material, and the 
repair or replacement of wire and cable, on an existing vessel, which 
are completed to the satisfaction of the cognizant Officer in Charge, 
Marine Inspection (OCMI) on or after March 11, 1996, must comply with 
this part. Replacement of existing equipment, not including wire or 
cable, installed on the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, need not comply 
with the regulations in this part.

Subpart B--General Requirements


Sec. 120.200  General design, installation, and maintenance 
requirements.

    Electrical equipment on a vessel must be installed and maintained 
to:
    (a) Provide services necessary for safety under normal and 
emergency conditions;
    (b) Protect passengers, crew, other persons, and the vessel from 
electrical hazards, including fire, caused by or originating in 
electrical equipment, and electrical shock;
    (c) Minimize accidental personnel contact with energized parts; and
    (d) Prevent electrical ignition of flammable vapors.


Sec. 120.210  Protection from wet and corrosive environments.

    (a) Electrical equipment used in the following locations must be 
dripproof:
    (1) A machinery space;
    (2) A location normally exposed to splashing, water washdown, or 
other wet conditions within a galley, a laundry, or a public washroom 
or toilet room that has a bath or shower; or
    (3) Another space with a similar moisture level.
    (b) Electrical equipment exposed to the weather must be watertight.
    (c) Electrical equipment exposed to corrosive environments must be 
of suitable construction and corrosion-resistant.


Sec. 120.220  General safety provisions.

    (a) Electrical equipment and installations must be suitable for the 
roll, pitch, and vibration of the vessel underway.
    (b) All equipment, including switches, fuses, lampholders, etc., 
must be suitable for the voltage and current utilized.
    (c) Receptacle outlets of the type providing a grounded pole or a 
specific 

[[Page 929]]
direct current polarity must be of a configuration that will not permit 
improper connection.
    (d) All electrical equipment and circuits must be clearly marked 
and identified.
    (e) Any cabinet, panel, box, or other enclosure containing more 
than one source of power must be fitted with a sign warning persons of 
this condition and identifying the circuits to be disconnected.

Subpart C--Power Sources and Distribution Systems


Sec. 120.310  Power sources.

    (a)(1) Each vessel that relies on electricity to power the 
following loads must be arranged so that the loads can be energized 
from two sources of electricity:
    (i) The vital systems listed in Sec. 119.710 of this chapter;
    (ii) Interior lighting except for decorative lights;
    (iii) Communication systems including a public address system 
required under Sec. 121.610 of this chapter; and
    (iv) Navigation equipment and lights.
    (2) Except as provided in Sec. 120.312 of this part, a vessel with 
batteries of adequate capacity to supply the loads specified in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section for three hours, and a generator or 
alternator driven by a propulsion engine, complies with the requirement 
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (b) Where a ship service generator driven by a propulsion engine is 
used as a source of electrical power, a vessel speed change, throttle 
movement or change in direction of the propeller shaft rotation must 
not interrupt power to any of the loads specified in paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section.


Sec. 120.312  Power sources on vessels of more than 19.8 meters (65 
feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers.

    A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers must have:
    (a) Two generator sets;
    (b) An electrical power system that complies with the requirements 
of Secs. 111.10-4, 111.10-5, 111.10-9, 111.10-11 in subchapter J of 
this chapter;
    (c) A final emergency power source, as defined by Sec. 112.01-20 in 
subchapter J of this chapter, with sufficient capacity to power the 
loads listed in Sec. 112.15-5 in subchapter J of this chapter for three 
hours; and
    (d) The final emergency power source located outside the machinery 
space.


Sec. 120.320  Generators and motors.

    (a) Each generator and motor must be:
    (1) In a location that is accessible, adequately ventilated, and as 
dry as practicable; and
    (2) Mounted above the bilges to avoid damage by splash and to avoid 
contact with low lying vapors.
    (b) Each generator and motor must be designed for an ambient 
temperature of 50 deg. C (122 deg. F) except that:
    (1) If the ambient temperature in the space where a generator or 
motor will be located will not exceed 40 deg. C (104 deg. F) under 
normal operating conditions, the generator or motor may be designed for 
an ambient temperature of 40 deg. C (104 deg. F); and
    (2) A generator or motor designed for 40 deg. (104 deg. F) may be 
used in 50 deg. C (122 deg. F) ambient locations provided the generator 
or motor is derated to 80 percent of the full load rating, and the 
rating or setting of the overcurrent devices is reduced accordingly.
    (c) A voltmeter and an ammeter, which can be used for measuring 
voltage and current of a generator that is in operation, must be 
provided for a generator rated at 50 volts or more. For each 
alternating current generator, a means for measuring frequency must 
also be provided.
    (d) Each generator must have a nameplate attached to it containing 
the information required by Article 445 of the National Electrical Code 
(NEC) (National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70), and for a 
generator derated in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section, 
the derated capacity.
    (e) Each motor must have a nameplate attached to it containing the 
information required by Article 430 of the NEC (NFPA 70), and for a 
motor derated in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the 
derated capacity.
    (f) Each generator must be protected by an overcurrent device set 
at a value not exceeding 115 percent of the generator full load rating.


Sec. 120.322  Multiple generators.

    When a vessel is equipped with two or more generators to supply 
ship's service power, the following requirements must be met:
    (a) Each generator must have an independent prime mover; and
    (b) The generator circuit breakers must be interlocked to prevent 
the generators from being simultaneously connected to the switchboard, 
except for the circuit breakers of a generator operated in parallel 
with another generator when the installation meets Secs. 111.12-11(f), 
and 111.30-25(d) in subchapter J of this chapter.


Sec. 120.324  Dual voltage generators.

    (a) A dual voltage generator installed on a vessel shall be of the 
grounded type, where:
    (1) The neutral of a dual voltage system must be solidly connected 
at the switchboard's neutral bus; and
    (2) The neutral bus shall be connected to ground.
    (b) The neutral of a dual voltage system must be accessible for 
checking the insulation resistance of the generator to ground before 
the generator is connected to the bus.
    (c) Ground detection must be provided that:
    (1) For an alternating current system, meets Sec. 111.05-27 in 
subchapter J of this chapter; and
    (2) For a direct current system, meets Sec. 111.05-29 in subchapter 
J of this chapter.


Sec. 120.330  Distribution panels and switchboards.

    (a) Each distribution panel and switchboard must be in as dry a 
location as practicable, adequately ventilated, and protected from 
falling debris and dripping or splashing water.
    (b) Each distribution panel or switchboard must be totally enclosed 
and of the dead front type.
    (c) Each switchboard must have nonconductive handrails.
    (d) Each switchboard must be fitted with a dripshield.
    (e) Distribution panels and switchboards that are accessible from 
the rear must be constructed to prevent a person from accidentally 
contacting energized parts.
    (f) Working space must be provided around all main distribution 
panels and switchboards of at least 610 millimeters (24 inches) in 
front of the switchboard, and at least 455 millimeters (18 inches) 
behind the switchboard. Rear access is prohibited when the working 
space behind the switchboard is less than 455 millimeters (18 inches).
    (g) Nonconducting mats or grating must be provided on the deck in 
front of each switchboard and, if accessible from the rear, on the deck 
in the rear of the switchboard.
    (g) All uninsulated current carrying parts must be mounted on 
noncombustible, nonabsorbent, high dielectric insulating material.
    (i) Equipment mounted on a hinged door of an enclosure must be 
constructed or shielded so that a person will not accidentally contact 
energized parts of the door mounted equipment when the door is open and 
the circuit energized.
    (j) In the design of control, interlock, or indicator circuit, the 
disconnect 

[[Page 930]]
device and its connections, including each terminal block for 
terminating the vessel's wiring, must not have electrically unshielded 
or uninsulated surfaces.
    (k) Switchboards and distribution panels must be sized in 
accordance with Sec. 111.30-19 in subchapter J of this chapter.


Sec. 120.340  Cable and wiring requirements.

    (a) If individual wires, rather than cables, are used in systems 
greater than 50 volts, the wire must be in conduit.
    (b) All cable and wire must:
    (1) Have stranded copper conductors with sufficient current 
carrying capacity for the circuit in which they are used;
    (2) Be installed in a manner to avoid or reduce interference with 
radio reception and compass indication;
    (3) Be protected from the weather;
    (4) Be installed with metal supports spaced not more than 610 
millimeters (24 inches) apart, and in such a manner as to avoid chafing 
and other damage. The use of plastic tie wraps must be limited to 
bundling or retention of multiple cable installations, and not used as 
a means of support;
    (5) Not be installed with sharp bends;
    (6) Be protected by metal coverings or other suitable means if in 
areas subject to mechanical abuse. Horizontal pipes used for protection 
shall have 6 millimeter (.25 inch) holes for drainage every 1,520 
millimeters (5 feet);
    (7) Be suitable for low temperature and high humidity if installed 
in refrigerated compartments;
    (8) Not be located in a tank unless the cable provides power to 
equipment in the tank; and
    (9) Have sheathing or wire insulation compatible with the fluid in 
a tank when installed as allowed by paragraph (b)(8) of this section.
    (c) Conductors in power and lighting circuits must be No. 14 
American Wire Gauge (AWG) or larger. Conductors in control and 
indicator circuits must be No. 22 AWG or larger.
    (d) Cable and wire for power and lighting circuits must:
    (1) Meet Section 310-13 of the NEC (NFPA 70) except that asbestos 
insulated cable and dry location cables can not be used;
    (2) Be listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), as UL Boat or UL 
Marine cable; or
    (3) Meet Sec. 111.60-1 in subchapter J of this chapter for cable 
and Sec. 111.60-11 in subchapter J of this chapter for wire.
    (e) Cable or wire serving vital systems listed in Sec. 119.710 of 
this subchapter or emergency loads must be routed as far as practicable 
from high risk fire areas, such as galleys, laundries, and machinery 
spaces.
    (f) Cable or wire serving duplicated equipment must be separated so 
that a casualty that affects one cable does not affect the other.
    (g) Each connection to a conductor or terminal part of a conductor 
must be made within an enclosure and have either:
    (1) A pressure type connector on each conductor;
    (2) A solder lug on each conductor;
    (3) A splice made with a pressure type connector to a flexible lead 
or conductor; or
    (4) A splice that is soldered, brazed, or welded to a flexible lead 
or conductor.
    (h) A connector or lug of the set screw type must not be used with 
a stranded conductor smaller than No. 14 AWG except if there is a 
nonrotating follower that travels with the set screw and makes pressure 
contact with the conductor.
    (i) Each pressure type wire connector and lug must meet UL 486A, 
``Wire Connectors and Soldering Lugs for Use With Copper Conductors,'' 
or other standard specified by the Commandant. The use of wire nuts is 
prohibited.
    (j) Each terminal block must have 6-32 terminal screws or larger.
    (k) Wire connectors utilized in conjunction with screw type 
terminal blocks must be of the captive type such as the ring or the 
flanged spade type.
    (1) A cable must not be spliced in a hazardous location.
    (m) A cable may be spliced in a location, other than a hazardous 
location, under the following conditions:
    (1) A cable installed in a subassembly may be spliced to a cable 
installed in another subassembly;
    (2) For a vessel receiving alterations, a cable may be spliced to 
extend a circuit;
    (3) A cable having a large size or exceptional length may be 
spliced to facilitate its installation; and
    (4) A cable may be spliced to replace a damaged section of the 
cable if, before replacing the damaged section, the insulation 
resistance of the remainder of the cable is measured, and it is 
determined that the condition of the insulation is unimpaired.
    (n) All material in a cable splice must be chemically compatible 
with all other material in the splice and with the materials in the 
cable.
    (o) Ampacities of wires must meet Section 310-15 of the NEC (NFPA 
70), or other standard specified by the Commandant. Ampacities of 
cables must meet table A6 of Institute of Electrical and Electronic 
Engineers (IEEE) Standard 45, ``Recommended Practice for Electrical 
Installations on Shipboard,'' or other standard specified by the 
Commandant. Ampacities for Navy cable must meet NAVSEA Design Data 
Sheet (DDS) 304-2 ``Electrical Cable, Ratings and Characteristics'' as 
appropriate.
    (p) Conductors must be sized so that the voltage drop at the load 
terminals does not exceed 10 percent. Table 120.3340(p) indicates the 
size of conductor required for corresponding lengths and steady state 
(stable) values to obtain not more than this voltage drop at the load 
terminals of a two conductor circuit.

                                                 Table 120.340(p)--Conductor Sizes for Amperes--Lengths                                                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Length of conductor in meters (feet) from source of current to most distant fixture       
                                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Total current on circuit, amperes              3.1      4.5      6.1      7.6      9.2      10.7     12.2     13.7     15.2     16.8     18.3 
                                                         (10)     (15)     (20)     (25)     (30)     (35)     (40)     (45)     (50)     (55)     (60) 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  12 volts, 2-wire--10 percent drop wire sizes (A.W.G.)                                                 
                                                                                                                                                        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5....................................................       14       14       14       14       14       14       14       14       12       12       12
14...................................................       14       14       14       12       12       12       10       10       10       10        8
15...................................................       14       14       12       10       10       10        8        8        8        8        8
20...................................................       12       12       10       10        8        8        8        8        6        6        6
25...................................................       10       10       10        8        8        8        6        6        6        6        4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 931]]

    Other values can be computed by means of the following formula:
    [GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TR10JA96.006
    
Where:

cm = Circular-mil area of conductor.
K = 3.28 ohms/mil-meter (metric)
    K = 10.75 ohms/mil-foot (english)
    = 10.75 ohms/mil-foot (english)
    (a constant representing the resistance of cooper).
I = Load current, in amperes.
L = length of conductor from center of distribution, in meters (feet).
E = Voltage drop at load, in volts.
    (q) If used, each armored cable metallic covering must:
    (1) Be electrically continuous; and
    (2) Be grounded at each end of the run to:
    (i) The metallic hull; or
    (ii) The common ground plate on nonmetallic vessels; and
    (3) Have final sub-circuits grounded at the supply end only.
    (r) A portable or temporary electric cord or cable must be 
constructed and used in compliance with the requirements of 
Sec. 111.60-13 in subchapter J of this chapter for a flexible electric 
cord or cable.


Sec. 120.350  Batteries--general.

    (a) Where provisions are made for charging batteries, there must be 
natural or induced ventilation sufficient to dissipate the gases 
generated.
    (b) Each battery must be located as high above the bilge as 
practicable, secured to protect against shifting with the roll and 
pitch of the vessel, and free from exposure to water splash or spray.
    (c) Batteries must be accessible for maintenance and removal.
    (d) Connections must be made to battery terminals with permanent 
type connectors. Spring clips or other temporary type clamps are 
prohibited.
    (e) Batteries must be mounted in trays lined with, or constructed 
of, a material that is resistant to damage by the electrolyte.
    (f) Battery chargers must have an ammeter connected in the charging 
circuit.
    (g) If the batteries are not adjacent to a distribution panel or 
switchboard that distributes power to the lighting, motor, and 
appliance circuits, the battery lead must have a fuse in series, 
located as close as practicable to the battery.
    (h) Batteries used for engine starting are to be located as close 
as possible to the engine or engines served.


Sec. 120.352  Battery categories.

    This section applies to batteries installed to meet the 
requirements of Sec. 120.310 of this part for secondary sources of 
power to vital loads, or sources of power to final emergency loads.
    (a) Large. A large battery installation is one connected to a 
battery charger having an output of more than 2 kilowatts (kw), 
computed from the highest possible charging current and the rated 
voltage of the battery installation.
    (b) Small. A small battery installation is one connected to a 
battery charger having an output of 2 kw or less, computed as above.


Sec. 120.354  Battery installations.

    (a) Large batteries. Each large battery installation must be 
located in a locker, room or enclosed box solely dedicated to the 
storage of batteries. Ventilation must be provided in accordance with 
Sec. 111.15-10 in subchapter J of this chapter. Electrical equipment 
located within the battery enclosure must be approved by an independent 
laboratory for Class I, Division 1, Group B hazardous locations and 
meet Sec. 111.105 in subchapter J of this chapter.
    (b) Small batteries. Each small battery installation must be 
located in a well ventilated space and protected from falling objects. 
A small battery installation must not be in a closet, storeroom, or 
similar space.


Sec. 120.360  Semiconductor rectifier systems.

    (a) Each semiconductor rectifier system must have an adequate heat 
removal system that prevents overheating.
    (b) Where a semiconductor rectifier system is used in a propulsion 
system or in other vital systems it must:
    (1) Have a current limiting circuit;
    (2) Have external overcurrent protection; and
    (3) Meet Sections 35.84.2 and 35.84.4 of the American Bureau of 
Shipping (ABS), ``Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels,'' or 
other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 120.370  General grounding requirements

    (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except 
for the following systems:
    (1) Impressed current cathodic protection systems; or
    (2) Battery systems for engine starting.
    (b) Receptacle outlets and attachment plugs for portable lamps, 
tools, and similar apparatus operating at 100 volts or more, must have 
a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord.
    (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground 
conductor.


Sec. 120.372  Equipment and conductor grounding.

    (a) All metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must 
be permanently grounded to the hull on a metallic vessel. On a 
nonmetallic vessel, the enclosures and frames of electrical equipment 
must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally non-current 
carrying conductor. Metallic cases of instruments and secondary 
windings of instrument transformers must be grounded.
    (b) On a nonmetallic vessel, where a ground plate is provided for 
radio equipment, it must be connected to the common ground.
    (c) Equipment grounding conductors must be sized in accordance with 
Section 250-95 of the NEC (NFPA 70), or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (d) Each insulated grounding conductor of a cable must be 
identified by one of the following means.
    (1) A green braid or green insulation;
    (2) Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length of the 
grounding conductor; or
    (3) Marking the exposed insulation of the grounding conductor with 
green tape or green adhesive labels.
    (e) Cable armor must not be used to ground electrical equipment of 
systems.


Sec. 120.376  Grounded distribution systems (Neutral grounded).

    (a) If a grounded distribution system is provided, there must be 
only one connection to ground, regardless of the number of power 
sources. This ground connection must be at the switchboard or at the 
common ground plate, which must be accessible.
    (b) Each propulsion, power, lighting, or distribution system having 
a neutral bus or conductor must have the neutral grounded.
    (c) The neutral or each grounded generation and distribution system 
must be grounded at the generator switchboard and have the ground 
connection accessible for checking insulation resistance of the 
generator to ground before the generator is connected to the bus, 
except the neutral of an emergency power generation system must be 
grounded with:
    (1) No direct ground connection at the emergency switchboard;
    (2) The neutral bus permanently connected to the neutral bus on the 
main switchboard; and
    (3) No switch, circuit breaker, or fuse in the neutral conductor of 
the bus-tie feeder connecting the emergency switchboard to the main 
switchboard.
    (d) On a metallic vessel, a grounded alternating current system 
must be 

[[Page 932]]
grounded to the hull. On a nonmetallic vessel, the neutral must be 
connected to the common ground, except that aluminum grounding 
conductors must not be used.


Sec. 120.380  Overcurrent protection.

    (a) Overcurrent protection must be provided for each ungrounded 
conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the 
current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous 
temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation.
    (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by 
a switch or circuit breaker, unless the ungrounded conductors are 
simultaneously disconnected.
    (c) A conductor of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit, such 
as a conductor for an instrument, pilot light, ground detector light, 
or potential transformer, must be protected by an overcurrent device.
    (d) Conductors must be protected in accordance with their current 
carrying capacities. If the allowable current carrying capacity does 
not correspond to a standard device size, the next larger overcurrent 
device may be used provided it does not exceed 150 per cent of the 
conductor current carrying capacity.
    (e) Steering gear control system circuits must be protected against 
short circuit.
    (f) Each steering gear feeder circuit must be protected by a 
circuit breaker that meets the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) 
Sec. 111.93-11 in subchapter J of this chapter.
    (g) Each lighting branch circuit must be protected against 
overcurrent either by fuses or circuit breakers rated at not more than 
30 amperes.
    (h) Overcurrent devices capable of carrying the starting current of 
the motor must be installed to protect motors, motor conductors, and 
control apparatus against:
    (1) Overcurrent due to short circuits or ground faults; and
    (2) Overload due to motor running overcurrent, in accordance with 
Sec. 111.70-1 in subchapter J of this chapter. A protective device 
integral with the motor, which is responsible to both motor current and 
temperature, may be used.
    (i) An emergency switch must be provided in the normally ungrounded 
main supply conductor from a battery. The switch must be accessible and 
located as close to the battery as practicable.
    (j) Disconnect means must be provided on the supply side of and 
adjacent to all fuses for the purpose of de-energizing the fuses for 
inspection and maintenance purposes.
    (k) If the disconnect means is not within sight of the equipment 
that the circuit supplies, means must be provided for locking the 
disconnect device in the open position.
    (l) Fuses must be of the cartridge type only and be listed by 
Underwriters Laboratories or another independent laboratory recognized 
by the Commandant.
    (m) Each circuit breaker must meet UL 489, ``Molded-Case Circuit 
Breakers and Circuit Breaker Enclosures,'' or other standard specified 
by the Commandant, and be of the manually reset type designed for:
    (1) Inverse time delay;
    (2) Instantaneous short circuit protection; and
    (3) Switching duty if the breaker is used as a switch.
    (n) Each circuit breaker must indicate whether it is in the open or 
closed position.


Sec. 120.390  Shore power.

    A vessel with an electrical system operating at more than 50 volts, 
which is provided with a means to connect to shore power, must meet the 
following:
    (a) A shore power connection box or receptacle must be permanently 
installed at a convenient location:
    (b) A cable connecting the shore power connection box or receptacle 
to the switchboard or main distribution panel must be permanently 
installed;
    (c) A circuit breaker must be provided at the switchboard or main 
distribution panel for the shore power connection; and
    (d) The circuit breaker, required by paragraph (c) of this section, 
must be interlocked with the vessel's power sources so that shore power 
and the vessel's power sources may not be operated simultaneously.


Sec. 120.392  Radiotelephone installations.

    A separate circuit, with overcurrent protection at the main 
distribution panel, must be provided for each radiotelephone 
installation.

Subpart D--Lighting Systems


Sec. 120.410  Lighting fixtures.

    (a) Each lighting fixture globe, lens, or diffuser must have a 
guard or be made of high strength material, except in an accommodation 
space, radio room, galley, or similar space where it is not subject to 
damage.
    (b) A lighting fixture may not be used as a connection box for a 
circuit other than the branch circuit supplying the fixture.
    (c) A lighting fixture must be installed as follows:
    (1) Each fixture must comply with Sec. 120.200.
    (2) Each lighting fixture and lampholder must be fixed. A fixture 
must not be supported by the screw shell of a lampholder.
    (3) Each pendant type lighting fixture must be suspended by and 
supplied through a threaded, rigid conduit stem.
    (4) Each table lamp, desk lamp, floor lamp, or similar equipment 
must be secured in place so that it cannot be displaced by the roll or 
pitch of the vessel.
    (d) An exterior lighting fixture in an electrical system operating 
at more than 50 volts must comply with the requirements of UL 595, 
``Marine Type Electric Lighting Fixtures,'' or other standard specified 
by the Commandant. A lighting fixture in an accommodation space, radio 
room, galley or similar interior space may comply with, UL 1570, 
``Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures,'' UL 1571, ``Incandescent Lighting 
Fixtures,'' UL 1572, ``High Intensity Discharge Lighting Fixtures,'' UL 
1573, ``Stage and Studio Lighting Units,'' or UL 1574, ``Track Lighting 
Systems,'' as long as the general marine requirements of UL 595 are 
satisfied.


Sec. 120.420  Navigation lights.

    All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with 
the applicable sections of the International and Inland Navigation 
Rules, except that a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length must also have navigation lights that meet UL 1104, ``Marine 
Navigation Lights,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 120.430  Portable lights.

    Each vessel must be equipped with at least two operable portable 
battery lights. One of these lights must be located at the operating 
station and the other at the access to the propulsion machinery space.


Sec. 120.432  Emergency lighting.

    (a) Each vessel must have adequate emergency lighting fitted along 
the line of escape to the main deck from all passenger and crew 
accommodation spaces located below the main deck.
    (b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of this 
section must automatically actuate upon failure of the main lighting 
system. If a vessel is not equipped with a single source of power for 
emergency lighting, it must have individual battery powered lights 
which:
    (1) Are automatically actuated upon loss of normal power;
    
[[Page 933]]

    (2) Are not readily portable;
    (3) Are connected to an automatic battery charger; and
    (4) Have sufficient capacity for a minimum of 6 hours of continuous 
operation.
    (c) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers must have an 
emergency lighting system that complies with Part 112 in subchapter J 
of this chapter.


Sec. 120.434  Lifeboat and liferaft floodlights on vessels of more than 
19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more 
than 49 passengers.

    Each vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers must have 
floodlights for illuminating the stowage position and embarkation 
station of lifeboats, liferafts, rescue boats, and rescue platforms, 
where installed. These floodlights must meet the requirements of 
Sec. 111.75-16 in subchapter J of this chapter.

Subpart E--Miscellaneous Systems and Requirements


Sec. 120.520  Lifeboat winches.

    Each electric power operated lifeboat winch must meet Sec. 111.95 
in subchapter J and Sec. 160.015 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or 
other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 120.530  Hazardous areas.

    (a) Electrical equipment in lockers used to store paint, oil, 
turpentine, or other flammable liquids must be explosion-proof or be 
part of an intrinsically safe system.
    (b) Explosion-proof equipment and intrinsically safe systems must 
meet the requirements of Sec. 111.105 in subchapter J of this chapter.


Sec. 120.540  Elevators.

    Each elevator on a vessel must meet the requirements of American 
National Standards Institute (ANSI) A17.1. ``Safety Code for Elevators, 
and Escalators,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 120.550  General alarm systems.

    (a) All vessels with overnight accommodations must be equipped with 
a general alarm system.
    (b) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers must have a 
general alarm that meets the requirements of Sec. 113.25 in subchapter 
J of this chapter.
    (c) The public address system required by Sec. 121.610 of this 
chapter may be used to sound the general alarm signal.

PART 121--VESSEL CONTROL AND MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
121.100  General requirement.
121.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Cooking and Heating

121.200  General.
121.202  Restrictions.
121.210  Heating equipment.
121.220  Cooking equipment.
121.240  Gas systems.

Subpart C--Mooring and Towing Equipment

121.300  Ground tackle and mooring lines.

Subpart D--Navigation Equipment

121.402  Compasses.
121.404  Radars.
121.410  Electronic position fixing devices.
121.420  Charts and nautical publications.

Subpart E--Radio

121.502  Requirements of the Federal Communications Commission.
121.506  Emergency broadcast placard.
121.510  Recommended emergency broadcast instructions.

Subpart F--Control and Internal Communications Systems

121.602  Internal communications systems.
121.610  Public address systems.
121.620  Propulsion engine control systems.

Subpart G--Miscellaneous

121.702  Oil pollution prevention equipment and procedures.
121.704  Marine sanitation devices.
121.710  First aid kits.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 121.000  General requirement.

    (a) Vessel control systems and other miscellaneous systems and 
equipment required by this part must be suitable for the purposes 
intended.
    (b) The cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) may 
require navigation, control, or communications equipment, in excess of 
the equipment specifically required by this part, on a vessel that is 
of a novel design, operates at high speeds in restricted or high 
traffic areas, operates in a dynamically supported mode, or operates on 
extended routes or in remote locations.


Sec. 121.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) An existing vessel need not comply with Secs. 121.402(c), 
121.404, 121.410, and 121.602 of this part unless the cognizant OCMI 
specifically requires compliance due to the route or service of the 
vessel.
    (b) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of 
Sec. 121.610 of this part until March 11, 2001, or 10 years after its 
keel was laid or the vessel was at a similar stage of construction, 
whichever is later.
    (c) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of 
Sec. 121.710 of this part until March 11, 1997.

Subpart B--Cooking and Heating


Sec. 121.100  General.

    Cooking and heating equipment must be suitable for marine use. 
Equipment designed and installed in accordance with American Boat and 
Yacht Council (ABYC) A-3, ``Recommended Practices and Standards 
Covering Galley Stoves,'' and A-7, ``Recommended Practices and 
Standards Covering Boat Heating Systems,'' or with National Fire 
Protection Association (NFPA) 302, ``Pleasure and Commercial Motor 
Craft,'' complies with this requirement, except as restricted by 
Sec. 121.202 of this part.


Sec. 121.202  Restrictions.

    (a) The use of gasoline for cooking, heating, or lighting is 
prohibited on all vessels.
    (b) Fireplaces or other space heating equipment with open flames 
are prohibited on all vessels.
    (c) Vessels permitted to use liquefied and non-liquefied gases as 
cooking fuels by 46 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 147 must 
meet the requirements of Sec. 121.240. The use of these fuels for 
cooking, heating, and lighting on ferry vessels is prohibited by Part 
147 in subchapter N of this chapter.


Sec. 121.210  Heating equipment.

    (a) Each heater must be so constructed and installed as to prevent 
contact with combustible materials such as towels and clothing.
    (b) Each electric space heater must be provided with a thermal 
cutout to prevent overheating.
    (c) Each heater element of an electric space heater must be of an 
enclosed type, and the element case or jacket must be made of a 
corrosion resistant material.


Sec. 121.220  Cooking equipment.

    (a) Doors on a cooking appliance must be provided with heavy duty 
hinges and locking devices to prevent accidental opening in heavy seas.
    (b) A cooking appliance must be installed to prevent movement in 
heavy seas.
    (c) For a grill or similar type of cooking appliance, means must be 


[[Page 934]]
provided to collect grease or fat and to prevent its spillage on wiring 
or the deck.
    (d) Grab rails must be installed on a cooking appliance when 
determined by the cognizant OCMI to be necessary for safety.
    (e) Sea rails, with suitable barriers to prevent accidental 
movement of cooking pots, must be installed on a cooking range.
    (f) Electric connections for a cooking appliance must be dripproof.


Sec. 121.240  Gas systems.

    Cooking systems using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed 
natural gas (CNG) must meet the following requirements:
    (a) The design, installation and testing of each LPG system must 
meet ABYC A-1, ``Marine Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems,'' 
Chapter 6 of NFPA 302, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (b) The design, installation and testing of each CNG system must 
meet ABYC A-22, ``Marine Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Systems,'' 
Chapter 6 of NFPA 302, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (c) Cooking systems using Chapter 6 of NFPA 302 as the standard 
must meet the following additional requirements.
    (1) The storage or use of CNG containers within the accommodation 
area, machinery spaces, bilges, or other enclosed spaces is prohibited;
    (2) LPG or CNG must be odorized in accordance with ABYC A-1, 
appendix 4, or A-22, appendix 4, respectively;
    (3) The marking and mounting of LPG cylinders mut be in accordance 
with ABYC A-1, appendix 7; and
    (4) LPG cylinders must be of the vapor withdrawal type as specified 
in ABYC A-1, secgion 1.7.
    (d) Continuous pilot lights or automatic glow plugs are prohibited 
for an LPG or CNG installation using ABYC A-1 or A-22 as the standard.
    (e) CNG installation using ABYC A-22 as the standard must meet the 
following additional requirements:
    (1) The storage or use of CNG containers within the accomodation 
area, machinery spaces, bilges, or other enclosed spaces is prohibited:
    (2) CNG cylinders, regulating equipment, and safety equipment must 
meet the installation, stowage, and testing requirements of paragraph 
6-5.12 of NFPA 302; and
    (3) The use or stowage of stoves with attached CNG cylinders is 
prohibited as specified in paragraph 6-5.1 of NFPA 302.
    (f) If the fuel supply line of an LPG or CNG system enters an 
enclosed space on the vessel, a remote shut off valve must be installed 
that can be operated from a position adjacent to the appliance. The 
valve must be located between the fuel tank and the point where the 
fuel supply line enters the enclosed portion of the vessel. A power 
operated valve installed to meet this requirement must be of a type 
that will fail closed.
    (g) The following variances from ABYC A-1 section 1.12 are allowed 
for CNG:
    (1) The storage locker or housing access opening need not be in the 
top; and
    (2) The locker or housing need not be above the waterline.
    (h) The following variances from NFPA 302 are allowed.
    (1) The storage locker or housing for CNG tank installations need 
not be above the waterline as required by paragraph 6-5.12.1.1(a); and
    (2) Ignition protection need not be provided as required by 
paragraph 6-5.4.

Subpart C--Mooring and Towing Equipment


Sec. 121.300  Ground tackle and mooring lines.

    A vessel must be fitted with ground tackle and mooring lines 
necessary for the vessel to be safely anchored or moored. The ground 
tackle and mooring lines provided must be satisfactory for the size of 
the vessel, the waters on which the vessel operates, subject to the 
approval of the cognizant OCMI.

Subpart D--Navigation Equipment


Sec. 121.402  Compasses.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section every vessel must 
be fitted with a suitable magnetic compass designed for marine use, to 
be mounted at the primary operating station.
    (b) The following vessels need not be fitted with a compass:
    (1) A vessel on a rivers route;
    (2) A non-self-propelled vessel; and
    (3) A vessel operating on short restricted routes on lakes, bays, 
and sounds.
    (c) Except on a vessel limited to daytime operations, the compass 
must be illuminated.


Sec. 121.404  Radars.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, all self-
propelled vessels must be fitted with a Federal Communications 
Commission (FCC) type accepted general marine radar system for surface 
navigation with a radar screen mounted at the primary operating 
station.
    (b) The following vessels are not required to carry a radar:
    (1) A ferry that operates on a rivers route within one mile of 
land; and
    (2) A vessel operated on a short restricted route, when the 
cognizant OCMI has determined that a radar is not necessary due to the 
vessel's route and local weather conditions.
    (c) The radar and its installation must be suitable for the 
intended speed and route of the vessel.


Sec. 121.410  Electronic position fixing devices.

    A vessel on an oceans route must be equipped with an electronic 
position fixing device, capable of providing accurate fixes for the 
area in which the vessel operates, to the satisfaction of the cognizant 
OCMI.


Sec. 121.420  Charts and nautical publications.

    (a) As appropriate for the intended voyage, a vessel must carry 
adequate and up-to-date:
    (1) Charts of large enough scale to make safe navigation possible;
    (2) U.S. Coast Pilot or similar publication;
    (3) Coast Guard Light List;
    (4) Tide tables; and
    (5) Current tables, or a river current publication issued by the 
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or a river authority.
    (b) Extracts from the publications listed above for the areas to be 
transited may be provided instead of the complete publication.

Subpart E--Radio


Sec. 121.502  Requirements of the Federal Communications Commission.

    A vessel must comply with the applicable requirements for any radio 
and Electronic Position Indicating Radiobeacon (EPIRB) installations, 
including the requirements for a station license and installation 
certificates to be issued by the FCC, as set forth in 47 CFR Part 80.


Sec. 121.506  Emergency broadcast placard.

    A durable placard must be posted next to all radiotelephone 
installations with the emergency broadcast instructions and 
information, specific to the individual vessel.


Sec. 121.510  Recommended emergency broadcast instructions.

    The following emergency broadcast instructions, when placed on a 
placard, will satisfy the requirement contained in Sec. 121.506 for an 
emergency broadcast placard:
    (a) Emergency Broadcast Instructions.
    (1) Make sure your radiotelephone is on.
    
[[Page 935]]

    (2) Select 156.8 MHz (channel 16 VHF) or 2182 kHz. (Channel 16 VHF 
and 2182 kHz on SSB are for emergency and calling purposes only.)
    (3) Press microphone button and, speaking slowly--clearly--calmly, 
say:
    (i) ``MAYDAY--MAYDAY--MAYDAY'' for situations involving Immediate 
Danger to Life and Property; or
    (ii) ``PAN--PAN--PAN'' for urgent situations where there is No 
Immediate Danger to Life or Property.
    (4) Say: ``THIS IS (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME), (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME), 
(INSERT VESSEL'S NAME), (INSERT VESSEL'S CALL SIGN), OVER.''
    (5) Release the microphone button briefly and listen for 
acknowledgment. If no one answers, repeat steps 3 & 4.
    (6) If there is no acknowledgment, or if the Coast Guard or another 
vessel responds, say: ``MAYDAY'' or ``PAN'', (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME).''
    (7) DESCRIBE YOUR POSITION using latitude and longitude 
coordinates, LORAN coordinates, or range and bearing from a known 
point.
    (8) STATE THE NATURE OF THE DISTRESS.
    (9) GIVE NUMBER OF PERSONS ABOARD AND THE NATURE OF ANY INJURIES.
    (10) ESTIMATE THE PRESENT SEAWORTHINESS OF YOUR VESSEL.
    (11) BRIEFLY DESCRIBE YOUR VESSEL: (INSERT LENGTH, COLOR, HULL 
TYPE, TRIM, MASTS, POWER, ANY ADDITIONAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES).
    (12) Say: ``I WILL BE LISTENING ON CHANNEL 16/2182.''
    (13) End message by saying: ``THIS IS (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME & CALL 
SIGN).''
    (14) If your situation permits, stand by the radio to await further 
communications with the Coast Guard or another vessel. If no answer, 
repeat, then try another channel.
    (b) [Reserved]

Subpart F--Control and Internal Communications Systems


Sec. 121.602  Internal communications systems.

    (a) A vessel equipped with pilothouse control must have a fixed 
means of two-way communications from the operating station to the 
location where the means of controlling the propulsion machinery, 
required by Sec. 121.620(a), is located. Twin screw vessels with 
pilothouse control for both engines are not required to have a fixed 
communications system.
    (b) A vessel equipped with auxiliary means of steering, required by 
Sec. 119.600 of this chapter, must have a fixed means of two-way 
communications from the operating station to the location where the 
auxiliary means of steering is controlled.
    (c) When the propulsion machinery of a vessel cannot be controlled 
from the operating station, an efficient communications system must be 
provided between the operating station and the propulsion machinery 
space.
    (d) When the locations addressed in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of 
this section are sufficiently close together, direct voice 
communications satisfactory to the cognizant OCMI is acceptable instead 
of the required fixed means of communications.
    (e) The OCMI may accept hand held portable radios as satisfying the 
communications system requirement of this section.


Sec. 121.610  Public address systems.

    (a) Except as noted in paragraph (d) below, each vessel must be 
equipped with a public address system.
    (b) On a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, the 
public address system must be a fixed installation and be audible 
during normal operating conditions throughout the accommodation spaces 
and all other spaces normally manned by crew members.
    (c) A vessel with more than one passenger deck and a vessel with 
overnight accommodations must have the public address system operable 
from the operating station.
    (d) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
battery powered bullhorn may serve as the public address system if 
audible throughout the accommodation spaces of the vessel during normal 
operating conditions. The bullhorn's batteries are to be continually 
maintained at a fully charged level by use of a battery charger or 
other means acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 121.620  Propulsion engine control systems.

    (a) A vessel must have two independent means of controlling each 
propulsion engine. Control must be provided for the engine speed, 
direction of shaft rotation, and engine shutdown.
    (1) One of the means may be the ability to readily disconnect the 
remote engine control linkage to permit local operation.
    (2) A multiple engine vessel with independent remote propulsion 
control for each engine need not have a second means of controlling 
each engine.
    (b) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 
section, a vessel must have a reliable means for shutting down a 
propulsion engine, at the main pilot house control station, which is 
independent of the engine's speed control.
    (c) A propulsion engine control system, including pilothouse 
control, must be designed so that a loss of power to the control system 
does not result in an increase in shaft speed or propeller pitch.
    (d) All microprocessor or computer based systems must meet the 
requirements of Part 62 in subchapter F of this chapter.

Subpart G--Miscellaneous


Sec. 121.702  Oil pollution prevention equipment and procedures.

    A vessel must comply with the applicable design, equipment, 
personnel, procedures, and record requirements of 33 CFR Parts 151, 
155, and 156.


Sec. 121.704  Marine sanitation devices.

    A vessel with installed toilet facilities must have a marine 
sanitation device that complies with 3 CFR Part 159.


Sec. 121.710  First aid kits.

    A vessel must carry a first aid kit approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.041 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant, or a kit with equivalent contents and 
instructions. For equivalent kits, the contents must be stowed in a 
suitable container that is marked, ``First Aid Kit''. A first aid kit 
shall be easily visible and readily available to the crew.

PART 122--OPERATIONS

Subpart A--General Provisions

122.100  General requirement.
122.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Marine Casualties and Voyage Records

122.202  Notice of marine casualty.
122.203  Notice of hazardous condition.
122.206  Written report of marine casualty.
122.208  Accidents to machinery.
122.210  Alcohol or drug use by individuals directly involved in 
casualties.
122.212  Mandatory chemical testing following serious marine 
incidents.
122.220  Records of a voyage resulting in a marine casualty.
122.230  Report of accident to aid to navigation.
122.260  Reports of potential vessel casualty.
122.280  Official logbook for foreign voyages.
122.282  Logbook for vessels of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers.

[[Page 936]]


Subpart C--Miscellaneous Operating Requirements

122.304  Navigation underway.
122.306  Passengers excluded from operating station.
122.315  Verification of vessel compliance with applicable stability 
requirements.
122.320  Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.
122.330  Hatches and other openings.
122.335  Loading doors.
122.340  Vessels carrying vehicles.
122.356  Carriage of hazardous materials.
122.360  Use of auto pilot.

Subpart D--Crew Requirements

122.402  Licenses.
122.410  Watchmen.
122.420  Crew training.

Subpart E--Preparations for Emergencies

122.502  Crew and passenger list.
122.503  Voyage plan.
122.504  Passenger count.
122.506  Passenger safety orientation.
122.508  Wearing of life jackets.
122.510  Emergency instructions.
122.512  Recommended emergency instructions format.
122.514  Station bill.
122.515  Passenger safety bill.
122.516  Life jacket placards.
122.518  Inflatable survival craft placards.
122.520  Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training.
122.524  Fire fighting drills and training.
122.530  Responsibilities of licensed individuals.

Subpart F--Markings Required

122.602  Hull markings.
122.604  Lifesaving, equipment markings.
122.606  Escape hatches and emergency exits.
122.608  Fuel shutoff valves.
122.610  Watertight doors and watertight hatches.
122.612  Fire protection equipment.
122.614  Portable watertight containers for distress flares and 
smoke signals.

Subpart G--Operational Readiness, Maintenance, and Inspection of 
Lifesaving Equipment

122.700  Operational readiness.
122.702  Maintenance.
122.704  Maintenance of falls.
122.720  Weekly maintenance and inspections.
122.722  Monthly inspections.
122.724  Quarterly inspections.
122.726  Annual inspections.
122.728  Testing and servicing of Emergency Position Indicating 
Radiobeacons (EPIRB).
122.730  Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable buoyant 
apparatus, inflatable life jackets, and inflated rescue boats.
122.740  Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release units.

Subpart H--Penalties

122.900  Penalty for violations.
122.910  Suspension and revocation.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 6101; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 
3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 122.100  General requirement.

    A vessel must be operated in accordance with applicable laws and 
regulations and in such a manner as to afford adequate precaution 
against hazards that might endanger the vessel and the persons being 
transported.


Sec. 122.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) An existing vessel need not comply with the hull marking 
requirements in Sec. 122.602(b) until completion of a vessel's first 
drydock required by Sec. 115.600 of this chapter that occurs after 
March 11, 1996.
    (b) An existing vessel need not comply with the marking 
requirements in Secs. 122.604 and 122.610, where the size and contents 
of the markings required by Secs. 122.604 and 122.610 vary from the 
size and contents of required markings on lifesaving equipment, 
watertight doors, and watertight hatches on the vessel prior to March 
11, 1996, until the existing markings are no longer legible, as 
determined by the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection 
(OCMI).
    (c) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of 
Secs. 122.514, 122.515, 122.516, and 124.604(j) until completion of the 
first inspection for certification that occurs after March 11, 1996.

Subpart B--Marine Casualties and Voyage Records


Sec. 122.202  Notice of marine casualty.

    (a) Immediately after addressing resultant safety concerns, the 
owner, agent, master, or person in charge of a vessel involved in a 
marine casualty shall notify the nearest Marine Safety Office, Marine 
Inspection Office, or Coast Guard Group Office whenever a vessel is 
involved in a marine casualty consisting of:
    (1) An unintended grounding, or an unintended strike of (allision 
with) a bridge:
    (2) An intended grounding, or an intended strike of a bridge, that 
creates a hazard to navigation, the environment, or the safety of a 
vessel, or that meets any criterion of paragraphs (a)(3) through (a)(7) 
of this section;
    (3) Loss of main propulsion or primary steering, or any associated 
component or control system, that reduces the maneuverability of the 
vessel;
    (4) An occurrence materially and adversely affecting the vessel's 
seaworthiness or fitness for service or route, including but not 
limited to fire, flooding, failure of or damage to fixed fire 
extinguishing systems, lifesaving equipment, auxiliary power generating 
equipment, or bilge pumping systems;
    (5) Loss of life;
    (6) Injury that requires professional medical treatment (treatment 
beyond first aid) and, if the person is engaged or employed on board a 
vessel in commercial service, which renders the individual unfit to 
perform his or her routine duties; or
    (7) An occurrence not meeting any of the above criteria but causing 
property damage in excess of $25,000. This damage includes the cost of 
labor and material to restore the property to its condition before the 
occurrence, but does not include the cost of salvage, cleaning, gas 
freeing, drydocking, or demurrage.
    (b) A vessel is excluded from the requirements of paragraphs (a)(5) 
and (a)(6) of this section with respect to the death or injury of 
shipyard or harbor workers when such accidents are not the result of 
either a vessel casualty (e.g., collision) or a vessel equipment 
casualty (e.g., cargo boom failure) and are subject to the reporting 
requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration 
(OSHA) in 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1904.
    (c) Notice given as required by Sec. 122.203 satisfies the 
requirement of this section if the marine casualty involves a hazardous 
condition.


Sec. 122.203  Notice of hazardous conditions.

    Whenever there is a hazardous condition, as defined by Sec. 114.400 
of this chapter, on board the vessel, the owner, master, agent, or 
person in charge shall immediately notify the Captain of the Port of 
the port or place of destination and the Captain of the Port of the 
port or place in which the vessel is located of the hazardous 
condition.


Sec. 122.206  Written report of marine casualty.

    (a) The owner, master, agent, or person in charge shall, within 
five days, file a written report of any marine casualty. This written 
report is in addition to the immediate notice required by Sec. 122.202. 
This written report must be delivered to a Coast Guard Marine Safety 
Office, or Marine Inspection Office. It must be provided on Form CG-
2692 (Report of Marine Accident, Injury, or Death), Supplemented as 
necessary by appended Forms CG-2692A (Barge Addendum) and CG-2692B 
(Report of Required Chemical Drug and Alcohol 

[[Page 937]]
Testing Following a Serious Marine Incident).
    (b) If filed without delay after the occurrence of the marine 
casualty, the notice required by paragraph (a) of this section suffices 
as the notice required by Sec. 122.202.


Sec. 122.208  Accidents to machinery.

    The owner, managing operator, or master shall report damage to a 
boiler, unfired pressure vessel, or machinery that renders further use 
of the item unsafe until repairs are made, to the OCMI at the port in 
which the casualty occurred or nearest the port of first arrival, as 
soon as practicable after the damage occurs.


Sec. 122.210  Alcohol or drug use by individuals directly involved in 
casualties.

    (a) For each marine casualty required to be reported by 
Sec. 122.202, the owner, agent, master, or person in charge of the 
vessel shall determine whether there is any evidence of alcohol or drug 
use by individuals directly involved in the casualty.
    (b) The owner, agent, master, or person in charge of the vessel 
shall include in the written report (Form CG-2692), submitted for the 
casualty information which:
    (1) Identifies those individuals for whom evidence of drug or 
alcohol use, or evidence of intoxication, has been obtained; and
    (2) Specifies the method used to obtain such evidence, such as 
personal observation of the individual, or by chemical testing of the 
individual.
    (c) An entry must be made in the Official Logbook, if carried, 
pertaining to those individuals for whom evidence of intoxication is 
obtained. The individual must be informed of this entry and the entry 
must be witnessed by a second person.
    (d) If an individual directly involved in a casualty refuses to 
submit to, or cooperate in, the administration of a timely chemical 
test, when directed by a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant, or petty 
officer, or any other law enforcement officer authorized to obtain a 
chemical test under Federal, State, or local law, or by the owner, 
agent, master, or person in charge, this fact must be noted in the 
official Logbook, if carried, and in the written report (Form CG 2692), 
and will be admissible as evidence in any administrative proceeding.


Sec. 122.212  Mandatory chemical testing following serious marine 
incidents.

    A marine employer whose vessel is involved in a casualty or 
incident that is, or is likely to become, a serious marine incident as 
defined in Sec. 4.03-2 in subchapter A of this chapter shall comply 
with the requirements of Sec. 4.06 in subchapter A of this chapter.



Sec. 122.220  Records of a voyage resulting in a marine casualty.

    The owner, agent, master, or person in charge of any vessel 
involved in a marine casualty for which a report is required under 
Sec. 122.202 shall retain all voyage records maintained by the vessel, 
including rough and smooth deck and engine room logs, bell books, 
navigation charts, navigation work books, compass deviation cards, 
gyrocompass records, stowage plans, records of draft, aids to mariners, 
night order books, radiograms sent and received, radio logs, crew and 
passenger lists and counts, articles of shipment, official logs, and 
other material that might be of assistance in investigating and 
determining the cause of the casualty. The owner, agent, master, other 
officer, or person responsible for the custody thereof, shall make 
these records available upon request, to a duly authorized 
investigating officer, administrative law judge, officer or employee of 
the Coast Guard.


Sec. 122.230  Report of accident to aid to navigation.

    Whenever a vessel collides with a buoy, or other aid to navigation 
under the jurisdiction of the Coast Guard, or is connected with any 
such collision, the person in charge of such vessel shall report the 
accident to the nearest OCMI. No report on Form CG 2692 is required 
unless otherwise required under Sec. 122.202 of this part.


Sec. 122.260  Reports of potential vessel casualty.

    (a) An owner, charterer, managing operator, or agent of a vessel 
shall immediately notify either of the following Coast Guard offices if 
there is reason to believe the vessel is lost or imperiled:
    (1) The Coast Guard district rescue coordination center (RCC) 
cognizant over the area in which the vessel was last operating; or
    (2) The Coast Guard search and rescue authority nearest to where 
the vessel was last operating.
    (b) Reasons for belief that a vessel is in distress include, but 
are not limited to, lack of communication with or nonappearance of the 
vessel.
    (c) The owner, charterer, managing operator, or agent notifying the 
Coast Guard under paragraph (a) of this section, shall provide the name 
and identification number of the vessel, a description of the vessel, 
the names or number of individuals on board, and other information that 
may be requested by the Coast Guard.


Sec. 122.280  Official logbook for foreign voyages.

    (a) Every vessel on a voyage from a port in the United States to a 
foreign port except to a port in Canada, or vice versa, must have an 
Official Logbook.
    (b) The master shall make or have made in the Official Logbook the 
following entries:
    (1) Each legal conviction of a seaman of the vessel and the 
punishment inflicted;
    (2) Each offense committed by a seaman of the vessel for which it 
is intended to prosecute or to enforce under a forfeiture, together 
with statements about reading the entry and the reply made to the 
charge as required by 46 U.S.C. 11502;
    (3) A statement of the conduct, character, and qualifications of 
each seaman of the vessel or a statement that the master declines to 
give an opinion about that conduct, character, and qualifications;
    (4) Each illness of or injury to a seaman of the vessel, the nature 
of the illness or injury, and the medical treatment;
    (5) Each death on board, with the cause of death, and if a seaman, 
the following information required by 46 U.S.C. 10702:
    (i) The wages due to a seaman who dies during the voyage and the 
gross amount of all deductions to be made from the wages; and
    (ii) The sale of the property of a seaman who dies during the 
voyage, including a statement of each article sold and the amount 
received for the property.
    (6) Each birth on board, with the sex of the infant and name of the 
parents;
    (7) Each marriage on board, with the names and ages of the parties;
    (8) The name of each seaman who ceases to be a crew member (except 
by death), with the place, time, manner, and the cause why the seaman 
ceased to be a crew member; and
    (9) When a marine casualty occurs, a statement about the casualty 
and the circumstances under which it occurred, made immediately after 
the casualty when practicable to do so.


Sec. 122.282  Logbook for vessels of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers.

    Except for a vessel required to have an Official Logbook by 
Sec. 122.280, the owner, managing operator, or master of a vessel of 
more than 19.8 meters (65 

[[Page 938]]
feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers shall maintain logs or records in any form, which will be 
considered to take the place of the Official Logbook and may be used 
for the purpose of making entries therein as required by law or 
regulations in this subchapter. Such logs or records shall be kept 
available for review by a marine inspector for a period of one year 
after the date to which the records refer.

Subpart C--Miscellaneous Operating Requirements


Sec. 122.304  Navigation underway.

    (a) The movement of a vessel shall be under the direction and 
control of the master or a licensed mate at all times. The master shall 
operate the vessel keeping the safety of the passengers and crew 
foremost in mind by directing the vessel in order to prevent a 
casualty. Special attention should be paid to:
    (1) The current(s) velocity and direction of the transmitting area;
    (2) Tidal state;
    (3) Prevailing visability and weather conditions;
    (4) Density of marine traffic;
    (5) Potential damage caused by own wake;
    (6) The danger of each closing visual or each closing radar 
contact;
    (7) Vessels's handling characteristics; and
    (8) Magnetic variation and deviation errors of the compass.


Sec. 122.306  Passengers excluded from operating station.

    When practicable the master shall exclude passengers from the 
operating station of a vessel when the passengers could distract the 
navigating crew from their responsibilities, or when otherwise directed 
by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 122.315  Verification of vessel compliance with applicable 
stability requirements.

    After loading and prior to departure, and at all other times 
necessary to assure the safety of the vessel, the master shall 
determine that the vessel complies with all applicable stability 
requirements in the vessel's trim and stability book, stability letter, 
Certificate of Inspection, and Load Line Certificate, as the case may 
be. The vessel may not depart until it is in compliance with these 
requirements.


Sec. 122.320  Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.

    The master of a vessel shall have examined and tested the steering 
gear, signaling whistle, propulsion controls, and communication systems 
of the vessel prior to getting underway for a voyage, except that such 
examination and testing need not be conducted more than once in any 24 
hour period.


Sec. 122.330  Hatches and other openings.

    (a) Except when operating on lakes, bays, and sounds, or river 
routes in calm weather, all hatches and openings in the hull, except 
loading doors, of a vessel must be kept tightly closed except when 
being used.
    (b) All watertight doors in subdivision bulkheads must be kept 
tightly closed during the navigation of the vessel except when being 
used for transit between compartments.


Sec. 122.335  Loading doors.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, the master 
of a vessel fitted with loading doors shall assure that all loading 
doors are closed watertight and secured during the entire voyage.
    (b) Loading doors, other than bow visors, may be opened when 
operating in protected or partially protected waters, provided the 
master of the vessel determines that the safety of the vessel is not 
impaired.
    (c) For the purpose of this section, ``loading doors'' include all 
weathertight ramps, bow visors, and openings used to load personnel, 
equipment, and stores, in the collision bulkhead, the side shell, and 
the boundaries of enclosed superstructures that are continuous with the 
shell of the vessel.


Sec. 122.340  Vessels carrying vehicles.

    (a) Automobiles or other vehicles must be stowed in such a manner 
as to permit both passengers and crew to get out and away from the 
vehicles freely in the event of fire or other disaster. The decks, 
where necessary, must be distinctly marked with painted lines to 
indicate the vehicle runways and the aisle spaces.
    (b) The master shall take any necessary precautions to see that 
automobiles or other vehicles have their motors turned off and their 
emergency brakes set when the vessel is underway, and that the motors 
are not started until the vessel is secured to the landing. In 
addition, a vehicle at each end of a line of vehicles or next to a 
loading ramp must have its wheels securely blocked, while the vessel is 
being navigated.
    (c) The master shall have appropriate ``NO SMOKING'' signs posted 
and shall take all necessary precautions to prevent smoking or carrying 
of lighted or smoldering pipes, cigars, cigarettes, or similar items in 
the deck area assigned to automobiles or other vehicles.
    (d) The master shall, prior to getting underway, ensure that 
vehicles are properly distributed consistent with the guidance in the 
vessel's stability letter and Certificate of Inspection, if applicable.


Sec. 122.356  Carriage of hazardous materials.

    A vessel that transports a hazardous material, listed in 49 CFR 
172.101, in commerce shall ensure the material is handled and 
transported in accordance with 49 CFR Parts 171 through 179.


Sec. 122.360  Use of auto pilot.

    Whenever an automatic pilot is used the master shall ensure that:
    (a) It is possible to immediately establish manual control of the 
vessel's steering;
    (b) A competent person is ready at all times to take over steering 
control; and
    (c) The changeover from automatic to manual steering and vice versa 
is made by, or under the supervision of, the master or the mate on 
watch.

Subpart D--Crew Requirements


Sec. 122.402  Licenses.

    Each licensed individual employed upon any vessel subject to the 
provisions of this subchapter shall have his or her license on board 
and available for examination at all times when the vessel is 
operating.


Sec. 122.410  Watchmen.

    The owner, charterer, master, or managing operator of a vessel 
carrying overnight passengers shall have a suitable number of watchmen 
patrol throughout the vessel during the nighttime, whether or not the 
vessel is underway, to guard against, and give alarm in case of, a fire 
or other danger.


Sec. 122.420  Crew training.

    (a) The owner, charterer, master, or managing operator shall 
instruct each crew member, upon first being employed and prior to 
getting underway for the first time on a particular vessel and at least 
once every three months, as to the duties that the crew member is 
expected to perform in an emergency including, but not limited to, the 
emergency instructions listed on the emergency instruction placard 
required by Sec. 122.510, when applicable, the duties listed in the 
station bill required by Sec. 122.514.
    (b) Crew training shall be logged or otherwise documented for 
review by the Coast Guard upon request. The training entry shall 
include the following information:
    (1) Date of the training; and
    (2) General description of the training topics.
    
[[Page 939]]


Subpart E--Preparations for Emergencies


Sec. 122.502  Crew and passenger list.

    (a) The owner, charterer, managing operator, or master of the 
following vessels must keep a correct list of the names of all persons 
that embark on and disembark from the vessel:
    (1) A vessel making a coastwise or oceans voyage where:
    (i) passengers embark or disembark from the vessel to another 
vessel or port other than at the port of origin; or
    (ii) Passengers are carried overnight;
    (2) A vessel making a voyage of more than 300 miles on the Great 
Lakes, except from a Canadian to a United States port; and
    (3) A vessel arriving from a foreign port, except at a United 
States Great Lakes port from a Canadian Great Lakes port.
    (b) The master of a vessel required to prepare a crew and passenger 
list by paragraph (a) of this section shall see that the list is 
prepared prior to departing on a voyage. The list must be communicated 
verbally or in writing ashore at the vessel's normal berthing location 
or with a representative of the owner or managing operator of the 
vessel. The crew and passenger list shall be available to the Coast 
Guard upon request.


Sec. 122.503  Voyage plan.

    (a) The master of the following vessels shall prepare a voyage 
plan:
    (1) A vessel making an oceans or coastwise voyage;
    (2) A vessel making a voyage of more than 300 miles on the Great 
Lakes, except from a Canadian to a United States port;
    (3) A vessel, with overnight accommodations for passengers, making 
an overnight voyage; and
    (4) A vessel arriving from a foreign port, except at a United 
States Great Lakes port from a Canadian Great Lakes port.
    (b) The voyage plan required by paragraph (a) of this section must 
be prepared prior to departing on a voyage and communicated verbally or 
in writing, ashore at the vessel's normal berthing location or with a 
representative of the owner or managing operator of the vessel. The 
voyage plan shall be available to the Coast Guard upon request.


Sec. 122.504  Passenger count.

    The master of a vessel, except a vessel listed in Sec. 122.502(a), 
shall keep a correct, written count of all passengers that embark on 
and disembark from the vessel. Prior to departing on a voyage, the 
passenger count must be communicated verbally or in writing, and 
available ashore at the vessel's normal berthing location or with a 
representative of the owner or managing operator of the vessel. The 
passenger count shall be available to the Coast Guard upon request.


Sec. 122.506  Passenger safety orientation.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, before 
getting underway on a voyage, the master of a vessel shall ensure that 
suitable public announcements are made informing all passengers of the 
information in this section when applicable to the vessel's operations 
and arrangement:
    (1) The location of emergency exits, survival craft embarkation 
areas, and ring life buoys;
    (2) The stowage location(s) of life jackets;
    (3) Either:
    (i) The proper method of donning and adjusting life jackets of the 
type(s) carried on the vessel including a demonstration of the proper 
donning of a lifejacket, or
    (ii) That passengers may contact a crew member for a demonstration, 
as appropriate, prior to beginning an oceans or coastwise voyage;
    (4) The location of the instruction placards for life jackets and 
other lifesaving devices;
    (5) That all passengers will be required to don life jackets when 
possible hazardous conditions exist, as directed by the master; and
    (6) If the vessel is operating with reduced manning or equipment 
requirements in Sec. 115.114 of this chapter.
    (b) On a vessel with other than an oceans or coastwise route, as an 
alternative to an announcement that complies with paragraph (a) of this 
section, the master or other designated person may:
    (1) Prior to getting underway, deliver to each passenger, or on a 
vessel that does not carry vehicles and that has seats for each 
passenger, place near each seat, a card or pamphlet that has the 
information listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section; 
and
    (2) Make an abbreviated announcement consisting of:
    (i) A statement that passengers should follow the instructions of 
the crew in an emergency;
    (ii) The location of life jackets; and
    (iii) That further information concerning emergency procedures 
including the donning of life jackets, location of other emergency 
equipment, and emergency evacuation procedures are located on the card 
or pamphlet that was given to each passenger or is located near each 
seat.
    (c) The master of a vessel shall ensure that a passenger, who 
boards the vessel on a voyage after the initial public announcement has 
been made as required by paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, is also 
informed of the required safety information.
    (d) On a vessel on a voyage of more than 24 hours duration, 
passengers shall be requested to don life jackets and go to the 
appropriate embarkation station during the safety orientation. If only 
a small number of passengers embark at a port after the original muster 
has been held, these passengers must be given the passenger safety 
orientation required by paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section if 
another muster is not held.


Sec. 122.508  Wearing of life jackets.

    (a) The master of a vessel shall require passengers to don life 
jackets when possible hazardous conditions exist, including, but not 
limited to:
    (1) When transiting hazardous bars and inlets;
    (2) During severe weather;
    (3) In event of flooding, fire, or other events that may possibly 
call for evacuation; and
    (4) When the vessel is being towed, except a non-self-propelled 
vessel under normal operating conditions.
    (b) The master or crew shall assist passengers in obtaining a life 
jacket and donning it, as necessary.


Sec. 122.510  Emergency instructions.

    (a) The master and crew of a vessel will be familiar with the 
content of and have mounted at the operating station, emergency 
instructions containing the actions to be taken in the event of fire, 
flooding, heavy weather, or man overboard conditions.
    (b) Except when in the judgment of the cognizant OCMI the operation 
of a vessel does not present one of the hazards listed, the emergency 
instruction placard should contain at least the applicable portions of 
the ``Emergency Instructions'' listed in Sec. 122.512. The emergency 
instructions must be designed to address the particular equipment, 
arrangement, and operation of each individual vessel.
    (c) If the cognizant OCMI determines that there is no suitable 
mounting surface aboard the vessel, the emergency instructions need not 
be posted but must be carried aboard the vessel and be available to the 
crew for familiarization.


Sec. 122.512  Recommended emergency instructions format.

    An Emergency instruction placard containing the following 
information 

[[Page 940]]
will satisfy the requirements of Sec. 122.510 of this part.
    (a) Emergency instructions. (1) Rough weather at sea, crossing 
hazardous bars, or flooding. (i) Close all watertight and weathertight 
doors, hatches, and airports to prevent taking water aboard or further 
flooding in the vessel.
    (ii) Keep bilges dry to prevent loss of stability due to water in 
bilges. Use power driven bilge pump, hand pump, and buckets to dewater.
    (iii) Align fire pumps to use as bilge pump if possible.
    (iv) Check all intake and discharge lines, which penetrate the 
hull, for leakage.
    (v) Passengers must remain seated and evenly distributed.
    (vi) Passengers must don life jackets if the going becomes very 
rough, vessel is about to cross a hazardous bar, or when otherwise 
instructed by the master.
    (vii) Never abandon the vessel unless actually forced to do so.
    (viii) If assistance is needed follow the procedures on the 
emergency broadcast placard posted by the radiotelephone.
    (ix) Prepare survival craft (life floats, (inflatable) rafts, 
(inflatable) buoyant apparatus, boats) for launching.
    (2) Man overboard. (i) Throw a ring buoy overboard as close to the 
person as possible.
    (ii) Post a lookout to keep the person overboard in sight.
    (iii) Launch rescue boat and maneuver to pick up person in the 
water, or maneuver the vessel to pick up the person in the water.
    (iv) Have crew member put on life jacket, attach a safety line to 
him or her, and have him or her stand by to jump into the water to 
assist the person if necessary.
    (v) If person is not immediately located, notify Coast Guard and 
other vessels in vicinity by radiotelephone.
    (vi) Continue search until released by Coast Guard.
    (3) Fire.
    (i) Cut off air supply to fire--close openings such as hatches, 
ports, doors, ventilators, and louvers, and shut off ventilation 
system.
    (ii) Cut off electrical system supplying affected compartment if 
possible.
    (iii) If safe, immediately use portable fire extinguishers at base 
of flames for flammable liquid or grease fires or water for fires in 
ordinary combustible materials. Do not use water on electrical fires.
    (iv) If fire is in machinery spaces, shut off fuel supply and 
ventilation and activate fixed extinguishing system if installed.
    (v) Maneuver vessel to minimize effect of wind on fire.
    (vi) If unable to control fire, immediately notify the Coast Guard 
and other craft in the vicinity by radiotelephone.
    (vii) Move passengers away from fire, have them put on life 
jackets, and if necessary, prepare to abandon the vessel.
    (b) [Reserved.]


Sec. 122.514  Station bill.

    (a) A station bill must be posted by the master on a vessel of more 
than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length having:
    (1) Overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers; or
    (2) A Certificate of Inspection requiring more than four crew 
members at any one time, including the master.
    (b) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers must comply with 
the requirements of Sec. 78.13 in subchapter H of this chapter in 
regards to the content of a station bill, the duties of the crew, 
emergency signals, an emergency squad, and instructions.
    (c) Except when paragraph (b) of this section is applicable, the 
station bill of a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
required to have more than four crew members, must set forth the 
special duties and duty station of each crew member for various 
emergencies. The duties must, as far as possible, be comparable with 
the regular work of the individual. The duties must include at least 
the following and any other duties necessary for the proper handling of 
a particular emergency.
    (1) The closing of hatches, airports, watertight doors, vents, 
scuppers, and valves for intake and discharge lines that penetrate the 
hull, the stopping of fans and ventilating systems, and the operating 
of all safety equipment;
    (2) The preparing and launching of survival craft and rescue boats;
    (3) The extinguishing of fire; and
    (4) The mustering of passengers including the following:
    (i) Warning the passengers;
    (ii) Assembling the passengers and directing them to their 
appointed stations; and
    (iii) Keeping order in the passageways and stairways and generally 
controlling the movement of the passengers.
    (d) The station bill must be posted at the operating station and a 
conspicuous location in each crew accommodation space.


Sec. 122.515  Passenger safety bill.

    (a) A passenger safety bill must be posted by the master in each 
passenger cabin or stateroom on a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 
feet) in length with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers.
    (b) Each passenger safety bill required by this section must list:
    (1) The embarkation station and the number and location of the 
survival craft to which each occupant of the space is assigned;
    (2) The fire and emergency signal and the abandon ship signal;
    (3) Essential action that must be taken in an emergency; and
    (4) If immersion suits are provided for passengers, the location of 
the suits and illustrated instructions on the method of donning the 
suits.


Sec. 122.516  Life jacket placards.

    (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the 
life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places 
that are regularly accessible and visible to the crew and passengers.
    (b) Life jacket placards must be posted in each passenger cabin or 
stateroom on a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length with 
overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers.
    (c) If the cognizant OCMI determines that there is no suitable 
mounting surface aboard the vessel, the life jacket placards need not 
be posted but must be carried aboard the vessel and be available to the 
crew and passengers for familiarization.


Sec. 122.518  Inflatable survival craft placards.

    (a) Every vessel equipped with an inflatable survival craft must 
have approved placards or other cards containing instructions for 
launching and inflating inflatable survival craft for the information 
of persons on board posted in conspicuous places by each inflatable 
survival craft.
    (b) Under the requirement in Sec. 160.051-6(c)(1) in subchapter Q 
of this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant, the 
manufacturer of approved inflatable liferafts is required to provide 
approved placards containing such instructions with each liferaft. 
Similar placards must be used for other inflatable survival craft.


Sec. 122.520  Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training.

    (a) The master shall conduct sufficient drills and give sufficient 
instructions to make sure that all crew members are familiar with their 
duties during emergencies that necessitate abandoning ship or the 
recovery of persons who have fallen overboard.
    (b) An abandon ship drill must be conducted as follows:
    
[[Page 941]]

    (1) Each member of the crew shall participate in at least one 
abandon ship drill each month; and
    (2) If more than 25% of the crew have not participated in an 
abandon ship drill on board that particular vessel in the previous 
month, a drill must be conducted before the vessel gets underway with 
passengers aboard.
    (c) Each abandon ship drill must include:
    (1) Summoning the crew to report to assigned stations and prepare 
for assigned duties;
    (2) Summoning passengers on a vessel on an overnight voyage to 
areas of refuge or embarkation stations and ensuring that they are made 
aware of how the order to abandon ship will be given;
    (3) Checking that life jackets are correctly donned;
    (4) Operation of any davits used for launching liferafts; and
    (5) Instruction on the automatic and manual deployment of survival 
craft.
    (d) Each abandon ship drill must, as far as practicable, be 
conducted as if there were an actual emergency.
    (e) Each rescue boat required in accordance with Sec. 117.210 of 
this subchapter must be launched with its assigned crew aboard and 
maneuvered in the water as if during the actual man overboard 
situation;
    (1) Once each month, if reasonable and practicable; but
    (2) At least once within a 3 month period before the vessel gets 
underway with passengers.
    (f) Onboard training in the use of davit launched liferafts must 
take place at intervals of not more than 3 months on a vessel with a 
davit launched liferaft.
    (g) Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training shall be 
logged or otherwise documented for review by the Coast Guard upon 
request. The drill entry shall include the following information:
    (1) Date of the drill and training; and
    (2) General discription of the drill scenario and training topics.


Sec. 122.524  Fire fighting drills and training.

    (a) The master shall conduct sufficient fire drills to make sure 
that each crew member is familiar with his or her duties in case of a 
fire.
    (b) A fire drill must be conducted at least once each month.
    (c) Each fire drill must include:
    (1) Summoning passengers on a vessel on an overnight voyage to 
areas of refuge or embarkation stations;
    (2) Summoning the crew to report to assigned stations and to 
prepare for and demonstrate assigned duties; and
    (3) Instruction in the use of fire extinguishers and any other fire 
fighting equipment on board.
    (d) Each fire drill must, as far as practicable, be conducted as if 
there were an actual emergency.
    (e) Fire fighting drills and training shall be logged or otherwise 
documented for review by the Coast Guard upon request. The drill entry 
shall include the following information:
    (1) Date of the drill and training; and
    (2) General discription of the drill scenario and training topics.


Sec. 122.530  Responsibilities of licensed individuals.

    Nothing in the emergency instructions or a station bill required by 
this subpart exempts any licensed individual from the exercise of good 
judgment in an emergency situation.

Subpart F--Markings Required


Sec. 122.602  Hull markings.

    (a) This section applies to each vessel that fits into any one of 
the following categories:
    (1) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length.
    (2) A sailing vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length.
    (3) A vessel authorized to carry more than 150 passengers.
    (4) A vessel authorized to carry more than 12 passengers on an 
international voyage.
    (5) A vessel with more than 1 deck above the bulkhead deck 
exclusive of a pilot house.
    (b) Each vessel must be marked as required by Part 67 in subchapter 
G of this chapter.
    (c) Each vessel must:
    (1) Have permanent draft marks at each end of the vessel; or
    (2) Have permanent loading marks placed on each side of the vessel 
forward, amidships, and aft to indicate the maximum allowable draft and 
trim.
    (d) A loading mark required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section 
must be a horizontal line of at least 205 millimeters (8 inches) in 
length and 25 millimeters (1 inch) in height, with its upper edge 
passing through the point of maximum draft. The loading mark must be 
painted in a contrasting color to the sideshell paint.
    (e) On a vessel that has a load line, the amidships marks required 
by paragraph (c)(2) of this section will be those required by the 1966 
International Load Line Convention.
    (f) In cases where draft marks are obscured due to operational 
constraints or by protrusions, the vessel must be fitted with a 
reliable draft indicating system from which the bow and stern drafts 
can be determined.
    (g) On a vessel on which the number of passengers permitted on the 
upper decks is limited by stability criteria, as indicated by the 
vessel's stability letter, the maximum number of passengers allowed on 
an upper deck must be indicated by a durable marking of at least 25 
millimeters (1 inch) numbers and letters at the entranceway to each 
such deck.


Sec. 122.604  Lifesaving equipment markings.

    (a) The name of a vessel must be marked or painted in clearly 
legible letters and numbers at least 76 millimeters (3 inches) high:
    (1) On each side of the bow of each rescue boat; and
    (2) On each life float and buoyant apparatus.
    (b) Each life jacket, immersion suit, and ring life buoy must be 
marked in clearly legible block capital letters with the vessel's name. 
The marking is not required on a life jacket carried to meet a 
temporary need for additional life jackets, if the life jacket has the 
name of another vessel marked on it. For an immersion suit, the name of 
the person to whom the immersion suit is assigned is an acceptable 
alternative to the name of the vessel.
    (c) The name of the vessel must be marked or painted in clearly 
legible letters on each Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon 
(EPIRB), except on an EPIRB in an inflatable liferaft.
    (d) The number of persons capacity must be marked or painted in 
clearly legible letters on each side of the bow of each rescue boat in 
letters and numbers at least 40 millimeters (1.5 inches) high.
    (e) The number of persons capacity must be marked or painted in 
clearly legible letters on each life float and buoyant apparatus in 
letters and numbers at least 40 millimeters (1.5 inches) high. This 
number must:
    (1) Be the number of persons the device is equipped for; and
    (2) Not be greater than the number of persons the device is 
approved for as shown on the nameplate.
    (f) The number and identification of the items stowed inside, and 
their sizes, must be marked in clearly legible letters and numbers on 
each container for life jackets and immersion suits. Identification of 
the items may be in words, or the appropriate symbols in International 
Maritime Organization (IMO) Resolution A.760(18), ``Symbols Related to 
Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements.'' Letters and numbers must be 
at least 50 millimeters (2 

[[Page 942]]
inches) high. Symbols must be at least 100 millimeters (4 inches) 
square.
    (g) The name of the vessel must be marked or painted in clearly 
legible letters on each life float paddle.
    (h) Each life jacket must be marked with Type I retroreflective 
material approved in accordance with Sec. 164.018 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant. The 
arrangement of the retroreflective material applied after March 11, 
1995 must be as specified by IMO Resolution A.658(16), ``Use and 
Fitting of Retro-Reflective Materials on Life-Saving Appliances.''
    (i) Each rescue boat ring life buoy must be marked with Type II 
retroreflective material approved in accordance with Sec. 164.018 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant. The arrangement of the retroreflective material applied 
after March 11, 1996, must be as specified by IMO Resolution A.658(16).


Sec. 122.606  Escape hatches and emergency exits.

    All escape hatches and other emergency exits used as means of 
escape must be marked on both sides in clearly legible letters at least 
50 millimeters (2 inches) high: ``EMERGENCY EXIT, KEEP CLEAR'', unless 
such markings are deemed unnecessary by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 122.608  Fuel shutoff valves.

    Remote fuel shutoff stations must be marked in clearly legible 
letters at least 25 millimeters (1 inch) high indicating purpose of the 
valve and direction of operations.


Sec. 122.610  Watertight doors and watertight hatches.

    Watertight doors and watertight hatches must be marked on both 
sides in clearly legible letters at least 25 millimeters (1 inch) high: 
``WATERTIGHT DOOR--KEEP CLOSED'' or ``WATERTIGHT HATCH--KEEP CLOSED'', 
unless such marking are deemed unnecessary by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 122.612  Fire protection equipment.

    (a) Complete but simple instructions for the operation of a fixed 
gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at 
or near each pull box and stop valve control and in the space where the 
extinguishing agent cylinders are stored. If the storage cylinders are 
separate from the protected space, the instructions must also include a 
schematic diagram of the system and instructions detailing alternate 
methods of releasing the extinguishing agent should the local manual 
release or stop valve controls fail to operate. Each control valve to a 
distribution line must be marked to indicate the space served.
    (b) An alarm for a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be 
clearly and conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``WHEN 
ALARMS SOUNDS-VACATE AT ONCE. CARBON DIOXIDE BEING RELEASED.'' Where a 
different extinguishing agent is installed, that agent shall be marked 
in place of ``carbon dioxide.''
    (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing 
system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and 
permanently marked indicating the space served.
    (d) A manual fire alarm box must be conspicuously marked in clearly 
legible letters ``IN CASE OF FIRE BREAK GLASS''.
    (e) An alarm for an automatic fire detecting system or a manual 
alarm system must be conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters 
``FIRE ALARM''.
    (f) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be conspicously 
marked in cleared legible letters ``SPRINKLER ALARM''.
    (g) An alarm bell for a smoke detecting system must be 
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``SMOKE DETECTION 
ALARM''.
    (h) A control cabinet or space containing valves, manifolds, or 
controls for any fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be 
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE 
EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS'', or as otherwise required by the cognizant 
OCMI. Where a different extinguishing agent is installed, that agent 
shall be marked in place of ``carbon dioxide.''


Sec. 122.614  Portable watertight container for distress flares and 
smoke signals.

    Portable watertight containers for distress flares and smoke 
signals shall be of a bright color, and containers shall be clearly 
marked in legible contrasting letters at least 12.7 millimeters (0.5 
inches) high: ``DISTRESS SIGNALS''.

Subpart G--Operational Readiness, Maintenance, and Inspection of 
Lifesaving Equipment


Sec. 122.700  Operational readiness.

    (a) Each launching appliance and each survival craft and rescue 
boat on a vessel must be in good working order and ready for 
immediately use before the vessel leaves port and at all times when the 
vessel is underway.
    (b) Each deck where survival craft or rescue boats are stowed or 
boarded must be kept clear of obstructions that would interfere with 
the boarding and launching of the survival craft or rescue boat.


Sec. 122.702  Maintenance.

    (a) The manufacturer's instructions for inboard maintenance of 
survival craft, rescue boats, and launching appliances, manufactured on 
or after March 11, 1996, must be onboard a vessel of more than 19.8 
meters (65 feet) in length and readily available for a vessel of not 
more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length. The instructions must also 
be readily available at each inspection for certification and 
reinspection.
    (b) The owner or managing operator shall ensure that maintenance is 
carried out in accordance with the instructions required under 
paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) The cognizant OCMI may accept, instead of the instructions 
required under paragraph (a) of this section, a shipboard planned 
maintenance program that includes the items listed in that paragraph.
    (d) The inspection and maintenance of the equipment listed in 
paragraph (a) of this section shall be logged or otherwise documented 
for review by the Coast Guard upon request.


Sec. 122.704  Maintenance of falls.

    (a) Each fail used in a launching appliance on a vessel must be 
turned end for end at intervals of not more than 30 months.
    (b) Each fall must be renewed when necessary due to deterioration 
or at internals of not more than 5 years, whichever is earlier.
    (c) Each fall must have a corrosion resistant tag with the 
following permanently marked on it in clearly legible letters:
    (1) The date the new fall was installed; and
    (2) If the fall has been turned end for end, the date it was 
turned.


Sec. 122.720  Weekly maintenance and inspections.

    The following tests and inspections must be carried out weekly on a 
vessel:
    (a) Each survival craft, rescue boat, and launching appliance must 
be visually inspected to ensure its readiness for use;
    (a) Each rescue boat engine must be run ahead and astern for not 
less than 3 minutes, unless the ambient temperature is below the 
minimum temperature required for starting the engine; and
    (c) Each battery for rescue boat engine starting must be brought up 
to full charge at least once each week if:

[[Page 943]]

    (1) The battery is of a type that requires recharging; and
    (2) The battery is not connected to a device that keeps it 
continuously charged.


Sec. 122.722  Monthly inspections.

    Each survival craft, rescue boat, and launching appliance on a 
vessel must be inspected monthly, using the manufacturer's 
instructions, to make sure it is complete and in good order.


Sec. 122.724  Quarterly inspections.

    (a) Each winch control apparatus of a launching appliance on a 
vessel, including motor controllers, emergency switches, master 
switches, and limit switches, must be examined once in each 3 months.
    (b) The examination required by paragraph (a) of this section must 
include the removal of drain plugs and the opening of drain valves to 
make sure that enclosures are free of water.


Sec. 122.726  Annual inspections.

    (a) Each rescue boat must be stripped, cleaned, thoroughly 
inspected, and any necessary repairs made, at least once each year, 
including emptying and cleaning of each fuel tank, and refilling it 
with fresh fuel.
    (b) Each davit, winch, fall and other launching appliance must be 
thoroughly inspected, and any necessary repairs made, once each year.
    (c) Each item of lifesaving equipment with an expiration date must 
be replacing during the annual inspection and repair if the expiration 
date has passed.
    (d) Each battery used in an item of lifesaving equipment, except 
inflatable survival craft equipment, must be replaced during the annual 
inspection if the expiration date of the battery has passed. The 
expiration date of the battery may be marked on the battery in clearly 
legible letters or the owner or managing operator may have a record of 
the expiration date from the manufacturer of a battery marked with a 
serial number.
    (e) Except for a storage battery used in a rescue boat, each 
battery without an expiration date indicated on it or for which the 
owner or managing operator does not have a record of the expiration 
date, used in an item of lifesaving equipment, must be replaced during 
the annual inspection.


Sec. 122.728.  Testing and servicing of Emergency Position Indicating 
Radiobeacons (EPIRB).

    The master of the vessel shall ensure that:
    (a) Each EPIRB, other than an EPIRB in an inflable liferaft, must 
be tested monthly, using the integrated test circuit and output 
indicator, to determine that it is operative;
    (b) The EPIRB's battery is replaced after it is used, or before the 
date required by FCC regulations in 47 CFR Part 80, whichever comes 
sooner; and
    (c) The EPIRB test required by paragraph (a) shall be logged or 
otherwise documented, as applicable.


Sec. 122.730  Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable buoyant 
apparatus, inflatable life jackets and inflated rescue boats.

    (a) Each inflatable liferaft, inflatable buoyant apparatus, 
inflatable life jacket, and hybrid inflatable life jacket or work vest 
must be serviced:
    (1) Within 12 months of its initial packing; and
    (2) Within 12 months of each subsequent servicing, except when 
servicing is delayed until the next scheduled inspection of the vessel, 
provided that the delay does not exceed 5 months.
    (b) Each inflatable liferaft and inflatable buoyant apparatus must 
be serviced:
    (1) Whenever the container of the raft is damaged, or the straps or 
seal are broken; and
    (2) In accordance with the servicing procedure under Sec. 160.151 
in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (c) Each inflatable life jacket must be serviced in accordance with 
the servicing procedure under Sec. 160.176 in subchapter Q of this 
chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (d) Each hybrid inflatable life jacket or work vest must be 
serviced in accordance with the servicing procedure under Sec. 160.077 
in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (e) Repair and maintenance of inflated rescue boats must be in 
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. All repairs must be 
made at a servicing facility approved by the Commandant, except for 
emergency repairs carried out on board the vessel.


Sec. 122.740  Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release units.

    (a) Each hydrostatic release unit, other than a disposable unit, 
must be serviced:
    (1) Within 12 months of its manufacture and within 12 months of 
each subsequent servicing, except when servicing is delayed until the 
next scheduled inspection of the vessel, provided that the delay does 
not exceed 5 months; and
    (2) In accordance with the repair and testing procedure under 
Sec. 160.062 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (b) Each disposable hydrostatic release unit must be marked in 
clearly legible letters with an expiration date of two years after the 
date on which the unit is installed.

Subpart H--Penalties


Sec. 122.900  Penalty for violations.

    Violation of the provisions of this subchapter the violator to the 
applicable penalty provisions of Subtitle II of Title 46, United States 
Code.


Sec. 122.910  Suspension and revocation.

    An individual holding a license, certificate or registry, or 
merchant mariner's document who commits an act of misconduct, 
negligence, or incompetence, or who violates or fails to comply with 
this subchapter or any other law or regulation intending to promote 
marine safety, is subject to proceedings under the provisions of 46 
U.S.C. 7703 and Part 5 is subchapter A of this chapter with respect to 
suspension or revocation of a license, certificate, or document.

PARTS 123-139  [RESERVED]

SUBCHAPTERS--SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY

PART 170--STABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL INSPECTED VESSELS

    2. The authority citation for Part 170 is amended to read a 
follows:

    Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1333; 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 3703; E.O. 
12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.


Sec. 170.001  [Amended]

    3-4. Section 170.001 is amended by removing ``January 3, 1984'' in 
paragraphs (a) introducing text and (b) and inserting in its place 
``March 11, 1996''.
    5. Section 170.055 is amended by adding two sentences to the end of 
paragraph (i)(l) and adding paragraph (w) to read as follows:


Sec. 170.055  Definitions concerning a vessel.

* * * * *
    (i) * * *
    (l) * * * For a small passenger vessel which has underwater 
projections extending forward of the forward-most point or aft of the 
after-most point on the deepest waterline of the vessel, the Commanding 
Officer, U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Center, may include the length 
or a portion of the length of the underwater projections in the value 
used for the LBP for the purposes of this subchapter. The length or a 
portion of 

[[Page 944]]
the length of projections which contribute more than 2 percent of the 
underwater volume of the vessel is normally added to the actual LBP.
* * * * *
    (w) ``Small passenger vessel'' means a vessel of less than 100 
gross tons-
    (1) carrying more than 6 passengers, including at least one 
passenger for hire;
    (2) that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the 
owner or owner's representative and carrying more than 6 passengers;
    (3) that is chartered with no crew provided or specified by the 
owner or owner's representative and carrying more than 12 passengers; 
or
    (4) that is a submersible vessel carrying at least one passenger 
for hire.


Sec. 170.075  [Amended]

    6. Paragraph (b) of Sec. 170.075 is amended by removing the 
citation ``Sec. 171.030(b)(2)'' and adding, in its place. 
``Sec. 178.320'' and by removing the citation ``Sec. 171.043'' and 
adding, in its place, ``Sec. 179.220''.


Sec. 170.105  [Amended]

    7. Section 170.105 is amended by removing paragraph (b)(1) and by 
redesignating paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(5) as paragraphs (b)(1) 
through (b)(4), respectively.
    8. The heading to part 170, subpart E, is revised to read as 
follows:

Subpart E--Weather Criteria

* * * * *


Sec. 170.160  [Amended]

    9. Section 170.160 is amended by removing paragraph (b)(1) and by 
redesignating paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(4) as paragraphs (b)(1) 
through (b)(3), respectively.
    10. In Sec. 170.170, paragraph (a) is amended by revising the 
definition of ``T'' and paragraph (d) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 170.170  Calculations required.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    T=cither:
    (1) the lesser of either 14 degrees heel or the angle of heel in 
degrees at which one-half the freeboard to the deck edge is immersed; 
or
    (2) for a sailing vessel, T = the lesser of either 14 degrees or 
the angle of heel in degrees to the deck edge.
    The deck edge is to be taken as the intersection of the sideshell 
and the uppermost continuous deck below which the sideshell is 
weathertight.
* * * * *
    (d) The criterion specified in this section is complete for flush 
deck vessels of ordinary proportion and form that carry cargo below the 
weather deck. For other types of vessels, calculations in addition to 
those in paragraph (a) of this section are required. For a vessel under 
100 meters (328 feet) in length, other than a tugboat or a towboat, the 
requirements in Sec. 170.173 apply.


Sec. 170.173  [Amended]

    11. In Sec. 170.173, paragraph (b)(2) is amended by removing the 
word ``maximum''.


Sec. 170.200  [Amended]

    12. In Sec. 170.200, paragraph (a)(2) is amended by replacing the 
words ``Is or ordinary proportions'' with ``Is of ordinary 
proportions''.
    13 and 14. In Sec. 170.265, paragraph (c) is amended by removing 
the words ``dmor sills'', and adding the words ``door sills'' in their 
place, and paragraph (d) introductory text and (d)(2) are revised to 
read as follows:


Sec. 170.265  Class 3 doors; required locations.

* * * * *
    (d) Doors below a deck, the molded line of which, at its lowest 
point at side, is less than 2.14 meters (7 feet) above the deepest load 
line if--
    (1) * * *
    (2) The vessel is required by Sec. 171.065 of this subchapter to 
have a factor of subdivision of 0.5 or less.
    15. In Sec. 170.270, paragraph (e) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 170.270  Door design, operation, installation, and testing.

* * * * *
    (e) For each watertight door which is in a required subdivision 
bulkhead, an indicator light must be installed in the pilothouse and at 
each other vessel operating station from which the door is not visible. 
The indicator must show whether the door is open or closed.

PART 171--SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS

    16. The authority citation for Part 171 is revised to read as 
follows:

    Authority. 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277;, 49 CFR 1.46.

    17-18. Section 171.001 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read 
as follows:


Sec. 171.001  Applicability

    (a) This part applies to passenger vessels inspected under 
subchapter K or H of this chapter.
* * * * *
    19. Section 171.010 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (d)(1) 
and (d)(3), and redesignating paragraphs (e) through (k) and paragraphs 
(1), (m) and (n) as (f) through (l), (n), (p) and (q), respectively, 
and by adding paragraphs (e), (m), and (o) to read as follows:


Sec. 171.010  Definitions.

    (a) ``Cockpit'' means an exposed recess in the weather deck 
extending no more than one-half of the vessel's length over deck (LOD) 
measured over the weather deck.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Operates in other than ocean or coastwise service;
* * * * *
    (3) Operates on a short run on a frequent schedule between two 
points over the most direct water route;
* * * * *
    (e) ``Freeing port'' means any direct opening through the vessel's 
bulwark or hull to quickly drain overboard water which has been shipped 
on exposed decks.
* * * * *
    (m) ``Small passenger vessel'' means a vessel of less than 100 
gross tons--
    (1) carrying more than 6 passengers, including at least one 
passenger for hire;
    (2) that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the 
owner or owner's representative and carrying more than 6 passengers;
    (3) that is chartered with no crew provided or specified by the 
owner or owner's representative and carrying more than 12 passengers; 
or
    (4) that is a submersible vessel carrying at least one passenger 
for hire.
* * * * *
    (o) ``Scupper'' means a pipe or tube of at least 30 millimeters 
(1.25 inches) in diameter leading down from a deck or sole and through 
the hull to drain water overboard.
* * * * *

Subpart B--[Removed and reserved]

    20. Subpart B consisting of Secs. 171.020 through 171.043, is 
removed and reserved.
    21. Paragraphs (a) and (b) of Sec. 171.057 are amended by revising 
the equation, and the definitions in each paragraph to read as follows:


Sec. 171.057  Intact stability requirements for a sailing catamaran.

    (a) * * *
    [GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TR10JA96.007
    
Where--

B=the distance between hull centerlines in meters (feet).

[[Page 945]]

As=the maximum sail area in square meters (square feet).
Hc=the height of the center of effort of the sail area above the deck, 
in meters (feet).
W=the total displacement of the vessel, in kilograms (pounds).
X=4.88 kilograms/square meter (1.0 pounds/square foot).

    (b) * * *
    [GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TR10JA96.008
    
Where--

B=the distance between hull centerlines in meters (feet).
As=the maximum sail area in square meters (square feet).
Hc=the height of the center of effort of the sail area above the deck, 
in meters (feet).
W=the total displacement of the vessel, in kilograms (pounds).
X=7.32 kilograms/square meter (1.5 pounds/square foot).

    22. In Sec. 171.085, paragraphs (a), (h)(1), and (j)(2) are revised 
to read as follows:


Sec. 171.085  Collision bulkhead.

    (a) Paragraphs (b) through (g) of this section apply to each vessel 
of 100 gross tons or more and paragraphs (h) through (j) of this 
section apply to each vessel that is less than 100 gross tons.
* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (1) Must extend to the deck above the bulkhead deck if in ocean 
service as defined in Sec. 170.050(f) of this chapter or to the 
bulkhead deck if in service on other waters.
* * * * *
    (j) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (2) No more than 15 percent of the LBP from the forward 
perpendicular if the space forward of the collision bulkhead is not 
subject to damage stability requirements and at any location aft of the 
location described in paragraph (j)(1) of this section if the space 
forward of the collision bulkhead is subject to damage stability 
requirements.


Sec. 171.110  [Amended]

    23. Section 171.110 is amended by removing paragraph (b) and by 
removing the paragraph designation ``(a)''.


Sec. 171.114  [Removed]

    24. Section 171.114 is removed.


Sec. 171.115  [Amended]

    25. Section 171.115 is amended by removing paragraph (b) and by 
removing the paragraph designation ``(a)''.


Sec. 171.119  [Removed]

    26. Section 171.119 is removed.
    27. Section 171.120 is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 171.120  Specific applicability.

    A vessel of at least 100 gross tons must comply with Sec. 171.122.
    28. Section 171.122, paragraph (f)(1), is revised to read as 
follows:


Sec. 171.122  Watertight integrity above the margin line in a vessel of 
100 gross tons or more.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) Have a coaming that complies with the height requirements in 
Table 171.122; and
* * * * *

Table 171.124 [Redesignated as Table 171.122]

    29. Table 171.124 is redesignated Table 171.122.


Sec. 171.124  [Removed]

    30. Section 171.124 is removed.


Sec. 171.130  [Amended]

    31. Section 171.130 is amended by removing paragraph (b) and by 
removing the paragraph designation ``(a)''.


Secs. 171.140, 171.145, 171.150, and 171.155  [Removed]

    32. Sections 171.140, 171.145, 171.150 and 171.155 are removed.

PART 173--SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSEL USE

    33. The authority citation for Part 173 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1333; 46 U.S.C. 2113, 3306, 5115; E.O. 
12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

    34. In Sec. 173.005 paragraph (b) is revised to read as follows:


Sec. 173.005  Specific applicability.

* * * * *
    (b) Has a maximum heeling moment due to hook load greater than or 
equal to--

(0.67)(W)(GM)(F/B) in meter-metric tons (foot-long tons), where--
W=displacement of the vessel with the hook load included in metric 
(long) tons.
GM=metacentric height with hook load included in meters (feet).
F=freeboard to the deck edge amidships in meters (feet).
B=beam in meters (feet).

    35. In Sec. 173.020, the introductory text in paragraph (c) is 
revised to read as follows:


Sec. 173.020  Intact stability standards: Counterballasted and non-
counterballasted vessels.

* * * * *
    (c) If the vessel's hull proportions fall within all three of the 
following limits, in lieu of complying with paragraph (b) of this 
section, the vessel owner may demonstrate in the presence of the OCMI 
that the vessel will not heel beyond the limits specified in paragraph 
(d) of this section:
    (l) * * *
    36. In Sec. 173.025, paragraphs (b) and (c) and Graph 173.025 are 
revised to read as follows:


Sec. 173.025  Additional intact stability standards: Counterballasted 
vessels.

* * * * *
    (b) When doing the calculations required by this section, the hook 
load and counterballast heeling arms and vessel righting arms, as 
plotted on graph 173.025, must define areas that satisfy the following 
equation:

Area II > Area I + K

Where--
* * * * *
    (c) Each heeling arm curve must be defined by--

HA=HAO cos (T)

Where--

HA=heeling arm.
HAO=heeling arm at 0 degrees of heel.
T=angle of heel.

BILLING CODE 4910-14-M

[[Page 946]]
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TR10JA96.000



BILLING CODE 4910-14-C
    Where--
    GZ(1) is the righting arm curve at the displacement corresponding 
to the vessel without hooking load.
    GZ(2) is the righting arm curve at the displacement corresponding 
to the vessel with hook load.
    HA(1) is the heeling arm curve due to the combined heeling moments 
of the hook load and the counterballast at the displacement with hook 
load.
    HA(2) is the heeling arm due to the counterballast at the 
displacement without hook load.
    Theta(c) is the angle of static equilibrium due to the combined 
hook load and counterballast heeling moments.
    Theta(f) is the downflooding angle on the counterballasted side of 
the vessel.


Secs. 173.054, 173.063  [Amended]

    37. The cited sections or paragraphs of part 173 listed in Column 1 
of the following table, are amended by removing the existing reference, 
listed in Column 2, in the cited section or paragraph and adding in its 
place the new reference listed in Column 3.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Column 1, cite                    Column 2, existing reference          Column 3, new reference    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
173.054(a)(1)...........................  171.040(a)(1)........................  179.210(a) of this chapter.    
173.054(b)(1)...........................  171.040(a)(1)........................  179.210(a) of this chapter.    
173.054(b)(1)...........................  171.043..............................  179.220 of this chapter.       
173.063(a)..............................  171.035..............................  170.170, 171.050, and 171.055  
                                                                                  of this chapter.              
173.063(d)..............................  171.035(d) through (h)...............  178.300 & 178.310 of this      
                                                                                  chapter.                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Secs. 173.059, 173.060, 173.061, 173.062  [Amended]

    38. The cited sections or paragraphs of part 173 listed in column 1 
of this paragraph, are amended by adding the corresponding phrase, 
listed in Column 2, to the end of this cited section or paragraph.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Column 1, cited                    Column 2, new phrase        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
173.059..........................  ``Or Secs.  179.320, 179.330, and    
                                    179.340 in subchapter T of this     
                                    chapter.''                          
173.060(a).......................  ``Or Sec.  179.350 in subchapter T of
                                    this chapter.''                     
173.061..........................  ``Or Sec.  360 in subchapter T of    
                                    this chapter.''                     
173.062..........................  ``Or Subpart D of Part 178 in        
                                    subchapter T of this chapter.''     
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    39. Subchapter T is revised to read as follows:

Part
175  General provisions
176  Inspection and certification
177  Construction and arrangement
178  Intact stability and seaworthiness
179  Subdivision, damage stability, and watertight integrity
180  Lifesaving equipment and arrangements
181  Fire protection equipment
182  Machinery installation
183  Elecyrical installation
184  Control and miscellaneous systems
185  Operations

[[Page 947]]


PART 175--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec.
175.100  Purpose.
175.110  General applicability.
175.112  Specific applicability for individual parts.
175.120  Vessels on an international voyage.
175.122  Load lines.
175.200  Gross tonnage as a criterion for requirements.
175.400  Definitions of terms used in this subchapter.
175.540  Equivalents.
175.550  Special consideration.
175.560  Appeals.
175.600  Incorporation by reference.
175.800  Approved equipment and material.
175.900  OMB control numbers.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 3703; 49 U.S.C. App. 1804; 49 
CFR 1.45, 1.46; 175.900 also issued under authority of 44 U.S.C. 
3507.


Sec. 175.100  Purpose.

    The purpose of this subchapter is to implement applicable sections 
of Subtitle II of Title 46, United States Code, which require the 
inspection and certification of small passenger vessels.


Sec. 175.110  General applicability.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, 
this subchapter applies to each vessel of less than 100 gross tons that 
carries more than six passengers.
    (b) A vessel of less than 100 gross tons must comply with 
subchapter K of this chapter if it is:
    (1) A vessel that carries more than 150 passengers;
    (2) A vessel with overnight accommodations for more than 49 
passengers; or
    (3) A vessel of more than 61 meters (200 feet) in length that 
carries more than six passengers.
    (c) This subchapter does not apply to:
    (1) A vessel operating exclusively on inland waters that are not 
navigable waters of the United States;
    (2) An oceanographic research vessel;
    (3) A boat forming part of a vessel's lifesaving equipment and that 
is not used for carrying passengers except in emergencies or during 
emergency drills;
    (4) A vessel of a foreign country that is a party to the 
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as 
amended (SOLAS), to which the United States Government is currently a 
party, and that has on board a current valid SOLAS Passenger Ship 
Safety Certificate; or
    (5) A vessel of a foreign country, whose government has inspection 
laws approximating those of the United States and that by its laws 
accords similar privileges to vessels of the United States, which has 
on board a current valid certificate of inspection, permitting the 
carrying of passengers, issued by its government.
    (d) The relationship between this subchapter and other subchapters 
pertaining to the inspection and certification of small passenger 
vessels is provided in the table below, which shows the breakpoints 
between subchapters T, K, and K' of this chapter.

                            Table 175.110(d)                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Subchapter T              Subchapter K         Subchapter K\1\  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
150 passengers or  151-600 passengers    601      
 overnight accommodations      or overnight          passengers or      
 for 49             accommodations for    overnight          
 passengers and 61 meters (200 feet).      and 61     151     
                               meters (200 feet).    passengers or >61  
                                                     meters (200 feet). 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vessels in this category are small passenger vessels (passenger     
  vessels less than 100 GT) but are required to comply with Parts 72 and
  76 of subchapter H, Parts 114, 115, 117, 121 of subchapter K, and the 
  applicable requirements of subchapters F and J.                       

Sec. 175.112  Specific applicability for individual parts.

    At the beginning of certain parts of this subchapter, a more 
specific application is given for all or particular portions of that 
part. This application sets forth the type, size, service, or age of a 
vessel to which certain portions of that part apply or particular dates 
by which an existing vessel must comply with certain portions of that 
part.


Sec. 175.120  Vessels on an international voyage.

    A mechanically propelled vessel that carries more than 12 
passengers on an international voyage must comply with the applicable 
requirements of SOLAS, as well as this subchapter.


Sec. 175.122  Load lines.

    A vessel of 24 meters (79 feet) in length or more, the keel of 
which was laid or that was at a similar stage of construction on or 
after July 21, 1968, and that is on a voyage other than a domestic 
voyage is subject to load line assignment, certification, and marking 
under suchapter E (Load Lines) of this chapter.


Sec. 175.200  Gross tonnage as criterion for requirements.

    (a) The regulations in this subchapter take into account a vessel's 
length, passenger capacity, construction, equipment, intended service, 
and operating area. The criterion for application of this subchapter is 
the gross tonnage of the vessel. When the Commandant determines that 
the gross tonnage of a particular vessel, which is attained by 
exemptions, reductions, or other devices in the basic gross tonnage 
formulation, will circumvent or be incompatible with the application of 
specific regulations for a vessel of such physical size, the Commandant 
will prescribe the regulations to be made applicable to the vessel.
    (b) When the Commandant determines that the gross tonnage is not a 
valid criterion for the use of certain regulations based on the 
relative size of the vessel, the owner will be informed of the 
determination and of the regulations applicable to the vessel. The 
vessel must be brought into compliance with all additional requirements 
before a Certificate of Inspection is issued.


Sec. 175.400  Definitions of terms used in this subchapter.

    The following terms are used in this subchapter:
    Accommodation space means a space (including a space that contains 
a microwave oven or other low heat appliance with a maximum heating 
element temperature of less than 121 deg.C (250 deg.F)) used as a:
    (1) Public space:
    (2) Hall:
    (3) Dining room and mess room:
    (4) Lounge or cafe:
    (5) Public sales room;
    (6) Overnight accommodation space;
    (7) Barber shop or beauty parlor;
    (8) Office of conference room;
    (9) Washroom or toilet space;
    (10) Medical treatment room or dispensary; or
    (11) Game or hobby room.
    ``Beam'' or ``B'' means the maximum width of a vessel from:
    (1) Outside of planking to outside of planking on wooden vessels; 
and
    (2) Outside of frame to outside of frame on all other vessels.
    Bulbous bow means a design of bow in which the forward underwater 
frames ahead of the forward perpendicular are 

[[Page 948]]
swelled out at the forefoot into a bulbous formation.
    Bulkhead deck means the uppermost deck to which watertight 
bulkheads and the watertight shell extend.
    Cable means single or multiple insulated conductors with an outer 
protective jacket.
    Cargo space means a:
    (1) Cargo space means a:
    (1) Cargo hold;
    (2) Refrigerated cargo space;
    (3) A trunk leading to or from a space listed above: or
    (4) A vehicle space.
    Coast Guard District Commander or District Commander means an 
officer of the Coast Guard designated as such by the Commandant to 
command Coast Guard activities within a district.
    Coastwise means a route that is not mote than 20 nautical miles 
offshore on any of the following waters:
    (1) Any ocean;
    (2) The Gulf of Mexico;
    (3) The Caribbean Sea;
    (4) The Bering Sea;
    (5) The Gulf of Alaska; or
    (6) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Cockpit vessel means a vessel with an exposed recess in the weather 
deck extending not more than one-half of the length of the vessel 
measured over the weather deck.
    Cold water means water where the monthly mean low water temperature 
is normally 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit or less.
    Commandant means the Commandant of the Coast Guard or an authorized 
Headquarters staff officer designated in Sec. 1.01 of this chapter.;
    Consideration means an economic benefit, inducement, right, or 
profit including pecuniary payment according to an individual, person, 
or entity, but not including a pecuniary payment accruing to an 
individual, person, or entity, but not including a voluntary sharing of 
the actual expenses of the voyage, by monetary contribution or donation 
of fuel, food, beverage, or other supplies.
    Corrosion-resistant material or corrosion-resistant means made of 
one of the following materials in a grade suitable for its intended use 
in a marine environment:
    (1) Silver;
    (2) Cooper;
    (3) Brass;
    (4) Bronze;
    (5) Aluminum alloys with a copper content of no more than 0.4 
percent;
    (6) Cooper-nickel;
    (7) Plastics;
    (8) Stainless steel;
    (9) Nickel-copper; or
    (10) A material, which when tested in accordance with ASTM B-117 
for 200 hours, does not show pitting, cracking, or other deterioration.
    Crew accommodation space means an accommodation space designated 
for the use of crew members and that passengers are normally not 
allowed to occupy.;
    Custom engineered means, when referring to a fixed gas fire 
extinguishing system, a system that is designed for a specific space 
requiring individual calculations for the extinguishing agent volume, 
flow rate, piping, and similar factors for the space.
    Dead cover means a metal cover to close or protect a port light to 
avoid glass breakage in case of heavy weather.
    Distribution panel means an electrical panel that receives energy 
from the switchboard and distributes the energy to energy consuming 
devices or other panels.;
    Draft means the vertical distance from the molded baseline of a 
vessel amidships to the waterline.;
    Dripprof means enclosed equipment so constructed or protected that 
falling drops of liquid or solid particles striking the enclosure at 
any angle from 0 to 15 degrees downward from the vertical do not 
interfere with the operation of the equipment. A National Electrical 
Manufacturers Association type 1 enclosure with a dripshield is 
considered to be dripproof.
    Embarkation station means the place on the vessel from which a 
survival craft is boarded.
    Enclosed space means a compartment that is not exposed to the 
atmosphere when all access and ventilation closures are secured.
    Existing vessel means a vessel that is not a new vessel.
    Exposed waters is a term used in connection with stability criteria 
and means:
    (1) Waters, except the Great Lakes, more than 20 nautical miles 
from a harbor of safe refuge;
    (2) Those portions of the Great Lakes more than 20 nautical miles 
from a harbor of safe refuge from October 1 of one year through April 
15 of the next year (winter season); and
    (3) Those waters less than 20 nautical miles from a harbor of safe 
refuge that the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, 
determines are not partially protected waters or protected waters 
because they present special hazards due to weather or other 
circumstances.
    Ferry means a vessel that:
    (1) Operates in other than ocean or coastwide service;
    (2) Has provisions only for deck passengers or vehicles, or both;
    (3) Operates on a short run on a frequent schedule between two 
points over the most direct water route; and
    (4) Offers a public service of a type normally attributed to a 
bridge or tunnel.
    Fiber reinforced plastic means plastics reinforced with fibers or 
strands of some other material.
    Flash point means the temperature at which a liquid gives off a 
flammable vapor when heated using the Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester 
method in accordance with ASTM D-93.
    Float-free launching or arrangement means that method of launching 
a survival craft whereby the survival craft is automatically released 
from a sinking vessel and is ready for use.
    Flush deck vessel means a vessel with a continuous weather deck 
located at the uppermost sheer line of the hull.
    Freeing port means any direct opening through the vessel's bulwark 
or hull to quickly drain overboard water that has been shipped on 
exposed decks.
    Galley means a space containing appliances with cooking surfaces 
that may exceed 121 deg. C (250 deg. F), such as ovens, griddles, and 
deep fat fryers.
    Great Lakes means a route on the waters of any of the Great Lakes, 
except that for the purposes of Parts 178 and 179 of this subchapter, 
``Great Lakes'' means both the waters of the Great Lakes and of the St. 
Lawrence River as far east as a straight line drawn from Cap de Rosiers 
to West Point, Anticosti Island, and west of a line along the 63rd 
meridian from Anticosti Island to the north shore of the St. Lawrence 
River.
    Gross tonnage and gross tons is an indicator of a vessel's 
approximate volume as determined in accordance with Part 69 
(Measurement of Vessels) of this chapter and recorded on the vessel's 
Tonnage Certificate (formerly Certificate of Admeasurement).
    Harbor of safe refuge means a port, inlet, or other body of water 
normally sheltered from heavy seas by land and in which a vessel can 
navigate and safely moor. The suitability of a location as a harbor of 
safe refuge shall be determined by the cognizant Officer in Charge, 
Marine Inspection, and varies for each vessel, dependent on the 
vessel's size, maneuverability, and mooring gear.
    Hazardous condition means any condition that could adversely affect 
the safety of any vessel, bridge, structure or shore area or the 
environmental quality of any port, harbor, or navigable water of the 
United States. This condition could include but is not limited to, 
fire, explosion, grounding, leaking, damage, illness of a person on 
board, or a manning shortage.

[[Page 949]]

    High seas means all waters that are neither territorial seas (the 
waters in a belt 3 nautical miles wide, that is adjacent to the coast 
and seaward of the territorial sea baseline) nor internal waters of the 
Untied States or of any foreign country.
    High Speed Craft means a craft that is operable on or above the 
water and that has characteristics so different from those of 
conventional displacement ships, to which the existing international 
conventions, particularly SOLAS, apply, that alternative measures 
should be used to achieve an equivalent level of safety. Within the 
aforementioned generality, a craft that complies with the following 
characteristics would be considered a high speed craft:
    The craft is capable of a maximum speed equal to or exceeding:V = 
3.7  x  Displ 1667
    Where V is the maximum speed and Displ is the vessel displacement 
corresponding to the design waterline in cubic meters.
    Independent laboratory means a laboratory accepted under Part 159, 
Subpart 159.010 of this chapter.
    Inflatable survival craft or ``inflatable life jacket'' means one 
that depends upon nonrigid, gas-filled chambers for buoyancy, and which 
is normally kept uninflated until ready to use.
    International voyage means a voyage between a country to which 
SOLAS applies and a port outside that country. A country, as used in 
this definition, includes every territory for the international 
relations of which a contracting government to the convention is 
responsible or for which the United Nations is the administering 
authority. For the U.S., the term ``territory'' includes the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, all possessions of the United States, and 
all lands held by the United States under a protectorate or mandate. 
For the purposes of this subchapter, vessels are not considered as 
being on an ``international voyage'' when solely navigating the Great 
Lakes and the St. Lawrence River as far east as a straight line drawn 
from Cap des Rosiers to West Point, Anticosti Island and, on the north 
side of Anticosti Island, the 63rd meridian.
    ``Lakes, bays, and sounds'' means a route on any of the following 
waters:
    (1) A lack other than the Great Lakes;
    (2) A bay;
    (3) A sound; or
    (4) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Launching appliance means a device for transferring a survival 
craft or rescue boat from its stowed position safely to the water. For 
a launching appliance using a davit, the term includes the davit, 
winch, and falls.
    Length when used in terms of the vessel's length (excluding bow 
sprits, bumpkins, rudders, outboard motor brackets, handles, and other 
similar fittings, attachments, and extensions), means:
    (1) The length listed on the vessel's Certificate of Documentation 
issued under the provisions of Part 67 (Documentation of Vessels) of 
this chapter or Certificate of Number issued under the provisions of 33 
CFR Part 173, Subpart B (Numbering); or
    (2) For a vessel that does not have a Certificate of Documentation 
or a Certificate of Number, the ``registered length'' as defined in 
Sec. 69.53 in subchapter G of this chapter or, for a vessel that is 
less than 24 meters (79 feet) in overall length and is measured using 
simplified admeasurement, the registered length as defined in 
Sec. 69.203 in subchapter G of this chapter; or
    (3) For the purposes of Part 179 in subchapter S, the ``length'' of 
a vessel with a bulbous bow means the larger of the length as defined 
in the first paragraph of this definition or the straight line 
horizontal measurement from the forwardmost tip of the bulbous bow to 
the aftermost part of the vessel measured parallel to the centerline.
    Length between perpendiculars or LBP means the horizontal distance 
measured between perpendiculars taken at the forwardmost and aftermost 
points on the waterline corresponding to the deepest operating draft.
    Limited coastwise means a route that is not more than 20 nautical 
miles from a harbor of safe refuge.
    Machinery space means a space including a trunk, alleyway, 
stairway, or duct to such a space, that contains:
    (1) Propulsion machinery of any type;
    (2) Steam or internal combustion machinery:
    (3) Oil transfer equipment;
    (4) Electrical motors of more than 10 hp;
    (5) Refrigeration equipment;
    (6) One or more oil-fired boilers or heaters; or
    (7) Electrical generating machinery.
    Main transverse watertight bulkhead means a transverse bulkhead 
that must be maintained watertight in order for the vessel to meet the 
damage stability and subdivision requirements of this subchapter.
    Major conversion means a conversion of a vessel that, as determined 
by the Commandant:
    (1) Substantially changes the dimensions or carrying capacity of 
the vessel:
    (2) Changes the type of vessel;
    (3) Substantially prolongs the life of the vessel; or
    (4) Otherwise so changes the vessel that it is essentially a new 
vessel.
    Marine inspector or inspector means any civilian employee or 
military member of the Coast Guard assigned by an Officer in Charge, 
Marine Inspection, or the Commandant to perform duties with respect to 
the inspection, enforcement, and administration of vessel safety and 
navigation laws and regulations.
    Master means the individual having command of the vessel and who is 
the holder of a valid license that authorized the individual to serve 
as master of a smaller passenger vessel.
    Means of escape means a continuous and unobstructed way of exit 
travel from any point in a vessel to an embarkation station. A means of 
escape can be both vertical and horizontal, and includes doorways, 
passageways, stairtowers, stairways, and public spaces. Cargo spaces, 
machinery spaces, auxiliary machinery spaces, rest rooms, hazardous 
areas determined by the cognizant OCMI, escalators, and elevators must 
not be any part of a means of escape. It consists of three distinct 
components.
    (1) The exit access;
    (2) The exit; and
    (3) The exit discharge.
    New vessel means a vessel:
    (1) The initial construction of which began on or after March 11, 
1996;
    (2) Which was issued an initial Certificate of Inspection on or 
after September 11, 1996.
    (3) Which underwent a major conversion that was initiated on or 
after March 11, 1996; or
    (4) Which underwent a major conversion that was completed and for 
which an amended Certificate of Inspection was issued on or after 
September 11, 1996.
    Noncombustible material means any material approved in accordance 
with Sec. 164.009 in subchapter Q, of this chapter or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    Non-self-propelled vessel means a vessel that does not have 
installed means of propulsion, including propulsive machinery, masts, 
spars, or sails.
    Oceans means a route that is more than 20 nautical miles offshore 
on any of the following waters:
    (1) Any ocean;
    (2) The Gulf of Mexico;
    (3) The Caribbean Sea;
    (4) The Bering Sea;
    (5) The Gulf of Alaska; or
    
[[Page 950]]

    (6) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Officer In Charge, Marine Inspection, or ``OCMI'' means an officer 
of the Coast Guard designated as such by the Commandant and who, under 
the direction of the Coast Guard District Commander, is in charge of a 
marine inspection zone, described in Part 1 of this chapter, for the 
performance of duties with respect to the inspection, enforcement, and 
administration of vessel safety and navigation laws and regulations. 
The ``cognizant OCMI'' is the OCMI that has immediate jurisdiction over 
a vessel for the purpose of performing the duties previously described.
    Open boat means a vessel not protected from entry of water by means 
of a complete weathertight deck, or by a combination of a partial 
weathertight deck and superstructure that is structurally suitable for 
the waters upon which the vessel operates.
    Open deck means a deck that is permanently open to the weather on 
one or more sides and, if covered, any spot on the overhead is less 
than 4.5 meters (15 feet) from the nearest opening to the weather.
    Open to the atmosphere means a compartment that has at least 9,375 
square millimeters (15 square inches) of open area directly exposed to 
the atmosphere for each cubic meter (foot) of net compartment volume.
    Operating station means the principal steering station on the 
vessel from which the individual on duty normally navigates the vessel.
    Overnight accommodations or overnight accommodation space means an 
accommodation space for use by passengers or by crew members, which has 
one or more berths, including beds or bunks, for passengers or crew 
members to rest for extended periods. Staterooms, cabins, and berthing 
areas are normally overnight accommodation spaces. Overnight 
accommodations do not include spaces that contain only seats, including 
reclining seats.
    Partially enclosed space means a compartment that is neither open 
to the atmosphere nor an enclosed space.
    Partially protected waters is a term used in connection with 
stability criteria and means:
    (1) Waters not more than 20 nautical miles from the mouth of a 
harbor of safe refuge, unless determined by the cognizant OCMI to be 
exposed waters;
    (2) Those portions of rivers, estuaries, harbors, lakes, and 
similar waters that the cognizant OCMI determines not to be protected 
waters; and
    (3) Waters of the Great Lakes from April 16 through September 30 of 
the same year (summer season).
    Passenger means an individual carried on a vessel, except:
    (1) The owner or an individual representative of the owner, or in 
the case of a vessel under charter, an individual charterer or 
individual representative of the charterer;
    (2) The master; or
    (3) A member of the crew engaged in the business of the vessel who 
has not contributed consideration for carriage and who is paid for on 
board services.
    Passenger accommodation space means an accommodation space 
designated for the use of passengers.
    Passenger for hire means a passenger for whom consideration is 
contributed as a condition of carriage on the vessel, whether directly 
or indirectly flowing to the owner, charterer, operator, agent, or any 
other person having an interest in the vessel.
    Pilothouse control means that controls to start and stop the 
engines and control the direction and speed of the propeller of the 
vessel are located at the operating station.
    Piping system includes piping, fittings, and appurtenances as 
described in Sec. 56.07-5 in subchapter F of this chapter.
    Port light means a hinged glass window, generally circular, in a 
vessel's side or deckhouse for light and ventilation.
    Protected waters is a term used in connection with stability 
criteria and means sheltered waters presenting no special hazards such 
as most rivers, harbors, and lakes, and that is not determined to be 
exposed waters or partially protected waters by the cognizant OCMI.
    Pre-engineered means, when referring to a fixed gas fire 
extinguishing system, a system that is designed and tested to be 
suitable for installation without modification as a complete unit in a 
space of a set volume, regardless of the specific design of the vessel 
on which it is installed.
    Rivers means a route on any of the following waters:
    (1) A river;
    (2) A canal; or
    (3) Such other similar waters as may be designated by a Coast Guard 
District Commander.
    Sailing vessel means a vessel principally equipped for propulsion 
by sail even if the vessel has an auxiliary means of propulsion.
    Scantlings means the dimensions of all structural parts such as 
frames, girders, and plating, used in building a vessel.
    Scupper means a pipe or tube of at least 30 millimeters (1.25 
inches) in diameter leading down from a deck or sole and through the 
hull to drain water overboard.
    Self-bailing cockpit means a cockpit, with watertight sides and 
floor (sole), which is designed to free itself of water by gravity 
drainage through scuppers.
    Ship's service loads means services necessary for maintaining the 
vessel in normal operational and habitable conditions. These loads 
include, but are not limited to, safety, lighting, ventilation, 
navigational, and communications loads.
    Short international voyage means an international voyage where:
    (1) The vessel is not more than 200 nautical miles from a port or 
place in which the passengers and crew could be placed in safety; and
    (2) The total distance between the last port of call in the country 
in which the voyage began and the final port of destination does not 
exceed 600 nautical miles.
    Stairway means an inclined means of escape between two decks.
    Steel or equivalent material means steel or any noncombustible 
material that, by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural 
and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the standard 
fire test.
    Survival craft means a lifeboat, rigid liferaft, inflatable 
liferaft, life float, inflatable buoyant apparatus, buoyant apparatus, 
or a small boat carried aboard a vessel in accordance with 
Sec. 180.200(b) of this subchapter.
    Switchboard means an electrical panel that receives power from a 
generator, battery, or other electrical power source and distributes 
power directly or indirectly to all equipment supplied by the 
generating plant.
    Trunk means a vertical shaft or duct for the passage of pipes, 
wires, or other devices except that for the purposes of Part 179 of 
this chapter, ``trunk'' means a large enclosed passageway through any 
deck or bulkhead of a vessel.
    Vehicle space means a space not on an open deck, for the carriage 
of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks, into and from which such 
vehicles can be driven and to which passengers have access.
    Vessel includes every description of watercraft or other artificial 
contrivance, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation 
on water.
    Vessel of the United States means a vessel documented or numbered 
under the laws of the United States, the states of the United States, 
Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the District of 
Columbia, the Northern 

[[Page 951]]
Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United 
States.
    Warm water means water where the monthly mean low water temperature 
is normally more than 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit).
    Watertight means designed and constructed to withstand a static 
head of water without any leakage, except that ``watertight'' for the 
purposes of electrical equipment means enclosed so that water does not 
enter the equipment when a stream of water from a hose with a nozzle 
one inch in diameter that delivers at least 246 liters (65 gallons) per 
minute is sprayed on the enclosure from any direction from a distance 
of ten feet for five minutes.
    Weather deck means a deck that is partially or completely exposed 
to the weather from above or from at least two sides, except that for 
the purposes of Parts 178 and 179 in subchapter S, ``weather deck'' 
means the uppermost deck exposed to the weather to which a weathertight 
sideshell extends.
    Weathertight means that water will not penetrate in any sea 
condition, except that ``weathertight equipment'' means equipment 
constructed or protected so that exposure to a beating rain will not 
result in the entrance of water.
    Well deck vessel means a vessel with a weather deck fitted with 
solid bulwarks that impede the drainage of water over the sides or a 
vessel with an exposed recess in the weather deck extending more than 
one-half of the length of the vessel measured over the weather deck.
    Wire means an individual insulated conductor without an outer 
protective jacket.
    Work space means a space, not normally occupied by a passenger, in 
which a crew member performs work and includes, but is not limited to, 
a galley, operating station, or machinery space.


Sec. 175.540  Equivalents.

    (a) The Commandant may approve any arrangement, fitting, appliance, 
apparatus, equipment, calculation, information, or test, which provides 
a level of safety equivalent to that established by specific provisions 
of this subchapter. Requests for approval must be submitted to the 
Marine Safety Center via the cognizant OCMI. If necessary, the Marine 
Safety Center may require engineering evaluations and tests to 
demonstrate the equivalence of the substitute.
    (b) The Commandant may accept compliance by a high speed craft with 
the provisions of the pending International Maritime Organization (IMO) 
``Code of Safety for High Speed Craft`' as an equivalent to compliance 
with applicable requirements of this subchapter. Requests for a 
determination of equivalency for a particular vessel must be submitted 
to the Marine Safety Center via the cognizant OCMI.
    (c) The Commandant may approve a novel lifesaving appliance or 
arrangement as an equivalent if it has performance characteristics at 
least equivalent to the appliance or arrangement required under this 
part, and:
    (1) Is evaluated and tested under IMO Resolution A. 520(13), ``Code 
of Practice for the Evaluation, Testing and Acceptance of Prototype 
Novel Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements''; or
    (2) Has successfully undergone an evaluation and tests that are 
substantially equivalent to those recommendations.


Sec. 175.550  Special consideration.

    In applying the provisions of this subchapter, the OCMI may give 
special consideration to authorizing departures from the specific 
requirements when unusual circumstances or arrangements warrant such 
departures and an equivalent level of safety is provided. The OCMI of 
each marine inspection zone in which the vessel operates must approve 
any special consideration granted to a vessel.


Sec. 175.560  Appeals.

    Any person directly affected by a decision or action taken under 
this subchapter, by or on behalf of the Coast Guard, may appeal 
therefrom in accordance with Sec. 1.03 in subchapter A of this chapter.


Sec. 175.600  Incorporation by reference.

    (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this 
subchapter with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in 
accordance with Title 5 United States Code (U.S.C.) 552(a) and Title 1 
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 51. To enforce any edition other 
than that specified in paragraph (b) of this section, the Coast Guard 
must publish a notice of change in the Federal Register and make the 
material available to the public. All approved material is on file at 
the Office of the Federal Register. 800 North Capitol Street NW., suite 
700, Washington, DC, and at the U.S. Coast Guard, Standards Evaluation 
and Development Division (G-MES), 2100 Second Street SW., Washington, 
DC 20593-0001 and is available from the sources indicated in paragraph 
(b) of this section.
    (b) The material approved for incorporation by reference in this 
subchapter and the sections affected are:


American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC), 3069                                                                    
 Solomon's Island Rd., Edgewater, MD 21037                                                                      
    A-1-93--Marine Liquefied Petroleum Gas     184.240                                                          
     (LPG) Systems.                                                                                             
    A-3-93--Galley Stoves....................  184.200                                                          
    A-7-70--Boat Heating Systems.............  184.200                                                          
    A-16-89--Electric Navigation Lights......  183.130                                                          
    A-22-93--Marine Compressed Natural Gas     184.240                                                          
     (CNG) Systems.                                                                                             
    E-8-94--Alternating Current (AC)           183.130                                                          
     Electrical Systems on Boats.                                                                               
    E-9-90--Direct Current (DC) Electrical     183.130                                                          
     Systems on Boats.                                                                                          
    H-2-89--Ventilation of Boats Using         182.130; 182.460                                                 
     Gasoline.                                                                                                  
    H-22-86--DC Electric Bilge Pumps           182.130; 182.500                                                 
     Operating Under 50 Volts.                                                                                  
    H-24-93--Gasoline Fuel Systems...........  182.130; 182.440; 182.445; 182.450; 182.455                      
    H-25-94--Portable Gasoline Fuel Systems    182.130; 182.458                                                 
     for Flammable Liquids.                                                                                     
    H-32-87--Ventilation of Boats Using        182.130; 182.465; 182.470                                        
     Diesel Fuel.                                                                                               
    H-33-89--Diesel Fuel Systems.............  182.130; 182.440; 182.445; 182.450; 182.455                      
    P-1-93--Installation of Exhaust Systems    177.405; 177.410; 182.130; 182.425; 182.430                      
     for Propulsion and Auxiliary Engines.                                                                      
    P-4-89--Marine Inboard Engines...........  182.130; 182.420                                                 
                                                                                                                
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), ABS Plaza,                                                                   
 16855 Northchase Drive, Houston, TX 77060                                                                      
    Rules for Building and Classing Aluminum   177.300                                                          
     Vessels, 1975.                                                                                             
    Rules for Building and Classing            177.300                                                          
     Reinforced Plastic Vessels, 1978.                                                                          
    Rules for Building and Classing Steel      182.410; 183.360                                                 
     Vessels, 1995.                                                                                             

[[Page 952]]
                                                                                                                
    Rules for Building and Classing Steel      177.300                                                          
     Vessels Under 61 Meters (200 feet) in                                                                      
     Length, 1983.                                                                                              
    Rules for Building and Classing Steel      177.300                                                          
     Vessels for Service on Rivers and                                                                          
     Intracoastal Waterways, 1995.                                                                              
                                                                                                                
American National Standards Institute (ANSI),                                                                   
 United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th                                                                       
 St., New York, NY 10017                                                                                        
    A 17.1-1984, including supplements A       183.540                                                          
     17.1a and b-1985--Safety Code for                                                                          
     Elevators and Escalators.                                                                                  
    B 31.1-1986--Code for Pressure Piping,     182.710                                                          
     Power Piping.                                                                                              
    Z 26.1-1977, including 1980 supplement--   177.1030                                                         
     Safety Glazing Materials For Glazing                                                                       
     Motor Vehicles Operating on Land                                                                           
     Highways.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                
American Society for Testing and Materials                                                                      
 (ASTM), 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA                                                                        
 19103                                                                                                          
    B-117-73 (Reapproved 1979)--Method of      175.400                                                          
     Salt Spray (Fog) Testing.                                                                                  
    D-93-94--Flash Point By Pensky-Martens     175.400                                                          
     Closed Cup Tester.                                                                                         
    D-635-91--Rate of Burning and/or Extent    182.440                                                          
     and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting                                                                     
     Plastics in a Horizontal Position.                                                                         
    D-2863-91--Measuring the Minimum Oxygen    182.440                                                          
     Concentration to Support Candle-like                                                                       
     Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index).                                                                     
    E-84-94--Surface Burning Characteristics   177.410                                                          
     of Building Materials.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                
Institute of Electrical and Electronics                                                                         
 Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), IEEE Service Center,                                                                   
 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854                                                                            
    Standard 45-1977--Recommended Practice     183.340                                                          
     for Electrical Installations on                                                                            
     Shipboard.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                
International Maritime Organization (IMO),                                                                      
 International Maritime Organization, 4                                                                         
 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR                                                                              
    Code of Practice for the Evaluation,       175.540(c)                                                       
     Testing and Acceptance of Prototype                                                                        
     Novel Life-Saving Appliances and                                                                           
     Arrangements--Resolution A.520(13),                                                                        
     dated 17 November 1983.                                                                                    
    Use and Fitting of Retro-Reflective        185.604                                                          
     Materials on Life-Saving Appliances--                                                                      
     Resolution A.658(16), dated 20 November                                                                    
     1989.                                                                                                      
    Fire Test Procedures For Ignitability of   177.405                                                          
     Bedding Components, Resolution                                                                             
     A.688(17), dated 06 November 1991.                                                                         
    Symbols Related to Life-Saving Appliances  185.604(g)                                                       
     and Arrangements, Resolution A.760(18),                                                                    
     dated 17 November 1993.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                
Lloyd's Register of Shipping, 17 Battery                                                                        
 Place, Suite 1013, New York, NY 10004                                                                          
    Rules and Regulations for the              177.300                                                          
     Classification of Yachts and Small                                                                         
     Craft, as amended through 1983.                                                                            
                                                                                                                
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),                                                                    
 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101                                                                     
    NFPA 10-1994--Portable Fire Extinguishers  176.810                                                          
    NFPA 17-1994--Dry Chemical Extinguishing   181.425                                                          
     Systems.                                                                                                   
    NFPA 17A-1994--Wet Chemical Extinguishing  181.425                                                          
     Systems.                                                                                                   
    NFPA 70-1993--National Electrical Code                                                                      
     (NEC)                                                                                                      
        Section 250-95.......................  183.370                                                          
        Section 310-13.......................  183.340                                                          
        Section 310-15.......................  183.340                                                          
        Article 430..........................  183.320                                                          
        Article 445..........................  183.320                                                          
    NFPA 302-1994--Pleasure and Commercial     184.200; 184.240                                                 
     Motor Craft, Chapter 6.                                                                                    
    NFPA 306-1993--Control of Gas Hazards on   176.710                                                          
     Vessels.                                                                                                   
    NFPA 1963-1989--Fire Hose Connections....  181.320                                                          
                                                                                                                
Naval Publications and Forms Center, Customer                                                                   
 Service Code 1052, 5801 Tabor Ave.,                                                                            
 Philadelphia, PA 19120                                                                                         
    Military Specification MIL-P-21929B        179.240                                                          
     (1970)--Plastic Material, Cellular                                                                         
     Polyurethane, Foam-in-Place, Rigid (2                                                                      
     and 4 pounds per cubic foot).                                                                              
                                                                                                                
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400                                                                      
 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-                                                                      
 0001                                                                                                           
    SAE J-1475--Hydraulic Hose Fittings For    182.720                                                          
     Marine Applications, 1984.                                                                                 
    SAE J-1928--Devices Providing Backfire     182.415                                                          
     Flame Control for Gasoline Engines in                                                                      
     Marine Applications, August 1989.                                                                          
    SAE J-1942--Hose and Hose Assemblies for   182.720                                                          
     Marine Applications, 1992.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 12                                                                         
 Laboratory Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC                                                                   
 27709                                                                                                          
    UL 19-1992--Lined Fire Hose and Hose       181.320                                                          
     Assemblies.                                                                                                
    UL 174-1989, as amended through June 23,   182.320                                                          
     1994--Household Electric Storage Tank                                                                      
     Heaters.                                                                                                   
    UL 217-1993--Single and Multiple Station   181.450                                                          
     Smoke Detectors.                                                                                           
    UL 486A-1992--Wire Connectors and          183.340                                                          
     Soldering Lugs For Use With Copper                                                                         
     Conductors.                                                                                                
    UL 489-1995--Molded--Case Circuit          183.380                                                          
     Breakers and Circuit Breaker Enclosures.                                                                   
    UL 595-1991--Marine Type Electric          183.410                                                          
     Lighting Fixtures.                                                                                         
    UL 710-1990, as amended through September  181.425                                                          
     16, 1993--Exhaust Hoods For Commercial                                                                     
     Cooking Equipment.                                                                                         

[[Page 953]]
                                                                                                                
    UL 1058-1989, as amended through April     181.410                                                          
     19, 1994--Halogenated Agent                                                                                
     Extinguishing System Units.                                                                                
    UL 1102-1992--Non integral Marine Fuel     182.440                                                          
     Tanks.                                                                                                     
    UL 1110-1988, as amended through May 16,   182.480                                                          
     1994--Marine Combustible Gas Indicators.                                                                   
    UL 1111-1988--Marine Carburetor Flame      182.415                                                          
     Arresters.                                                                                                 
    UL 1453-1988, as amended through June 7,   182.320                                                          
     1994--Electric Booster and Commercial                                                                      
     Storage Tank Water Heaters.                                                                                
    UL 1570-1995--Fluorescent Lighting         183.410                                                          
     Fixtures.                                                                                                  
    UL 1571-1995--Incandescent Lighting        183.410                                                          
     Fixtures.                                                                                                  
    UL 1572-1995--High Intensity Discharge     183.410                                                          
     Lighting Fixtures.                                                                                         
    UL 1573-1995--Stage and Studio Lighting    183.410                                                          
     Units.                                                                                                     
    UL 1574-1995--Track Lighting Systems.....  183.410                                                          
                                                                                                                




Sec. 175.800  Approved equipment and material.

    (a) Equipment and material that is required by this subchapter to 
be approved or of an approved type, must have been manufactured and 
approved in accordance with the design and testing requirements in 
subchapter Q (Equipment, Construction, and Materials: Specifications 
and Approval) of this chapter or as otherwise specified by the 
Commandant.
    (b) Notice regarding equipment approvals is published in the 
Federal Register. Coast Guard publication COMDTINST M16714.3 (Series), 
``Equipment Lists, Items Approved, Certificated or Accepted under 
Marine Inspection and Navigation Laws,'' lists approved equipment by 
type and manufacturer. COMDTINST M16714.3 (Series) may be obtained from 
the Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-
9328.


Sec. 175.900  OMB control numbers.

    (a) Purpose. This section lists the control numbers assigned to 
information collection and recordkeeping requirements in this 
subchapter by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) pursuant to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et. seq.). The Coast 
Guard intends that this section comply with the requirements of 44 
U.S.C. 3507(f) which requires that agencies display a current control 
number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency 
information collection requirement.
    (b) Display.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
  46 CFR Section where identified         Current OMB Control Number    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
176.105(a).........................                   2115-0578         
176.202............................                   2115-0578         
176.204............................                   2115-0578         
176.302............................                   2115-0578         
176.306............................                   2115-0578         
176.310............................                   2115-0578         
176.500(a).........................                   2115-0578         
176.612............................                   2115-0578         
176.700............................                   2115-0578         
176.704............................                   2115-0578         
176.710............................                   2115-0578         
176.810(b).........................                   2115-0578         
176.920(c).........................                   2115-0578         
176.930............................                   2115-0578         
177.202............................                   2115-0578         
177.315............................                   2115-0589         
177.330............................                   2115-0578         
177.335............................                   2115-0589         
177.340............................                   2115-0578         
178.210............................                   2115-0578         
178.220............................                   2115-0559         
178.230............................                   2115-0559         
181.610............................                   2115-0578         
182.460(e).........................                   2115-0578         
182.610(f).........................                   2115-0578         
183.220(d).........................                   2115-0578         
183.320 (d) and (e)................                   2115-0578         
184.420............................                   2115-0578         
184.506............................                   2115-0578         
185.202............................                   2115-0003         
185.206............................                   2115-0003         
185.208............................                   2115-0578         
185.220............................                   2115-0578         
185.230............................                   2115-0578         
185.280............................                   2115-0578         
185.340(c).........................                   2115-0578         
185.402............................                   2115-0578         
185.420............................                       (\1\)         
185.502............................                   2115-0578         
185.503............................                   2115-0578         
185.504............................                   2115-0578         
185.506............................                   2115-0578         
185.510............................                   2115-0578         
185.514............................                   2115-0578         
185.516............................                   2115-0578         
185.518............................                   2115-0578         
185.520............................                       (\1\)         
185.524............................                       (\1\)         
185.602............................                   2115-0578         
185.604............................                   2115-0578         
185.606............................                   2115-0578         
185.608............................                   2115-0578         
185.610............................                   2115-0578         
185.612............................                   2115-0578         
185.702............................                   2115-0578         
185.704(c).........................                   2115-0578         
185.728(c).........................                       (\1\)         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Will be displayed when assigned by OMB.                             

PART 176--INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION

Subpart A--Certificate of Inspection

Sec.
176.100  When required.
176.103  Description.
176.105  How to obtain or renew.
176.107  Period of validity.
176.110  Routes permitted.
176.112  Total persons permitted.
176.113  Passengers permitted.
176.114  Alternative requirements for a vessel operating as other 
than a small passenger vessel.
176.120  Certificate of Inspection amendment.

Subpart B--Special Permits and Certificates

176.202  Permit to proceed.
176.204  Permit to carry excursion party.

Subpart C--Posting of certificates, permits, and stability letters

176.302  Certificates and permits.
176.306  Stability letter.
176.310  Certification expiration date stickers.

Subpart D--Inspection for Certification

176.400  General.
176.402  Initial inspections for certification.
176.404  Subsequent inspections for certification.

Subpart E--Reinspection

176.500  When required.
176.502  Scope.

Subpart F--Hull and Tailshaft Examinations

176.600  Drydock and internal structural examination intervals.
176.610  Scope of drydock and internal structural examinations.
176.612  Notice and plans required.
176.630  Tailshaft examinations.
176.670  Extension of examination intervals.

Subpart G--Repairs and Alterations

176.700  Permission for repairs and alterations.
176.702  Installation tests and inspections.
176.704  Breaking of safety valve seals.
176.710  Inspeciton and testing prior to hot work.

Subpart H--Material Inspections

176.800  Inspection standards.
176.801  Notice of inspection deficiencies and requirements.
176.802  Hull.
176.804  Machinery.
176.806  Electrical.
176.808  Lifesaving.
176.810  Fire protection.
176.812  Pressure vessels and boilers.
176.814  Steering systems.
176.816  Miscellaneous systems and equipment.
176.818  Sanitary inspection.
176.830  Unsafe practices.

[[Page 954]]

176.840  Additional tests and inspections.

Subpart I--International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as 
Amended (SOLAS)

176.900  Applicability.
176.910  Passenger Ship Safety Certificate.
176.920  Exemptions.
176.930  Equivalents.

    Authority. 33 U.S.C. 1321(j); 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; 49 U.S.C. 
App. 1804; E.O. 11735, 38 FR 21243, 3 CFR, 1971-1975 Comp., p.793; 
E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p.277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--Certificate of Inspection


Sec. 176.100  When required.

    (a) A vessel to which this subchapter applies may not be operated 
without having on board a valid U.S. Coast Guard Certificate of 
Inspection.
    (b) Except as noted in Sec. 176.114 of this part, each vessel 
inspected and certificated under the provisions of this subchapter 
must, when any passengers are abroad during the tenure of the 
certificate, be in full compliance with the terms of the certificate.
    (c) If necessary to prevent delay of the vessel, a temporary 
Certificate of Inspection may be issued pending the issuance and 
delivery of the regular Certificate of Inspection. The temporary 
certificate must be carried in the same manner as the regular 
certificate and is considered the same as the regular Certificate of 
Inspection that it represents.
    (d) A vessel on a foreign voyage between a port in the United 
States and a port in a foreign country, whose Certificate of Inspection 
expires during the voyage, may lawfully complete the voyage without a 
valid Certificate of Inspection provided the voyage is completed within 
30 days of expiration and the certificate did not expire within 15 days 
of sailing on the foreign voyage from a U.S. port.


Sec. 176.103  Description.

    The Certificate of Inspection issued to a vessel describes the 
vessel, the route(s) that it may travel, the minimum manning 
requirements, the survival and rescue craft carried, the minimum fire 
extinguishing equipment and lifejackets required to be carried, the 
maximum number of passengers and total persons that may be carried, the 
number of passengers the vessel may carry in overnight accommodation 
spaces, the name of the owner and managing operator, any equivalencies 
accepted or authorized by the Commandant or any Officer in Charge, 
Marine Inspection (OCMI) in accordance with Secs. 175.540 or 175.550 of 
this chapter, and such other conditions of operations as may be 
determined by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 170.105  How to obtain or renew.

    (a) A Certificate of Inspection is obtained or renewed by making 
application on Form CG 3752, ``Application for Inspection of U.S. 
Vessel,'' to the Coast Guard OCMI of the marine inspection zone in 
which the inspection is to be made. Form CG-3752 may be obtained at any 
U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office or Marine Inspection Office.
    (b) The application for initial inspection of a vessel being newly 
constructed or converted must be submitted prior to the start of the 
construction or conversion.
    (c) The construction, arrangement, and equipment of each vessel 
must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI as a prerequisite of the 
issuance of the initial Certificate of Inspection. Acceptance is based 
on the information, specifications, drawings and calculations available 
to the OCMI, and on the successful completion of an initial inspection 
for certification.
    (d) A Certification of Inspection is renewed by the issuance of a 
new Certification of Inspection.
    (e) The condition of the vessel and its equipment must be 
acceptable to the cognizant OCMI as a prerequisite to the Certification 
of Inspection renewal. Acceptance is based on the condition of the 
vessel as found at the periodic inspection for certification.


Sec. 176.107  Period of validity.

    (a) A Certification of Inspection is issued for a period of three 
years.
    (b) A Certification of Inspection may be suspended and withdrawn or 
revoked by the cognizant OCMI at any time for noncompliance with the 
requirements of this subchapter.


Sec. 176.110  Routes permitted.

    (a) The area of operation for each vessel and any necessary 
operational limits are determined by the cognizant OCMI, and recorded 
on the vessel's Certification of Inspection. Each area of operation, 
referred to as a route, is described on the Certification of Inspection 
under the major headings ``Oceans,'' ``Coastwise,'' ``Limited 
Coastwise,'' ``Great Lakes,'' ``Lakes, Bays, and Sounds,'' or 
``Rivers,'' as applicable. Further limitations imposed or extensions 
granted are described by reference to bodies of waters, geographical 
points, distance from geographical points, distances from land, depths 
of channel, seasonal limitations, and similar factors.
    (b) Operation of a vessel on a route of lesser severity than those 
specifically described or designated on the Certification of Inspection 
is permitted unless expressly prohibited on the Certification of 
Inspection. The general order of severity of routes is: oceans, 
coastwise, limited coastwise, Great Lakes, lakes, bays, and sounds, and 
rivers. The cognizant OCMI may prohibit a vessel from operating on a 
route of lesser severity than the primary route a vessel is authorized 
to operate on if local conditions necessitate such a restriction.
    (c) Non-self-propelled vessels are prohibited from operating on an 
oceans, coastwise, limited coastwise, or Great Lakes route unless the 
Commandant approves such a route.
    (d) When designating a permitted route or imposing any operational 
limits on a vessel, the OCMI may consider:
    (1) Requirements of this subchapter for which compliance is based 
on the route of the vessel;
    (2) The performance capabilities of the vessel based on design, 
scantlings, stability, subdivision, propulsion, speed, operating modes, 
maneuverability, and other characteristics; and
    (3) The suitability of the vessel for nighttime operations and use 
in all weather conditions.


Sec. 176.112  Total persons permitted.

    The cognizant OCMI determines the total number of persons permitted 
to be carried on a vessel. In determining the total number of persons 
permitted to be carried, the OCMI may consider stability restrictions 
and subdivision requirements of the vessel, the vessel's route, general 
arrangement, means of escape, lifesaving equipment, the minimum manning 
requirements, and the maximum number of passengers permitted in 
accordance with Sec. 176.113.


Sec. 176.113  Passengers permitted.

    (a) The maximum number of passengers permitted must be not more 
than that allowed by the requirements of this section, except as 
authorized by the OCMI under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (b) The maximum number of passengers permitted on any vessel may be 
the greatest number permitted by the length of rail criterion, deck 
area criterion, or fixed seating criterion described in this paragraph 
or a combination of these criteria as allowed by paragraph (c) of this 
section.
    (1) Length of rail criterion. One passenger may be permitted for 
each 760 millimeters (30 inches) of rail space available to the 
passengers at the periphery of each deck. The following rail space may 
not be used in determining the maximum number of passengers permitted:

[[Page 955]]

    (i) Rail space in congested areas unsafe for passengers, such as 
near anchor handling equipment or line handling gear, in the way of 
sail booms, running rigging, or paddle wheels, or along pulpits;
    (ii) Rail space on stairways; and
    (iii) Rail space where persons standing in the space would block 
the vision of the licensed individual operating the vessel.
    (2) Deck area criterion. One passenger may be permitted for each 
0.9 square meters (10 square feet) of deck area available for the 
passengers' use. In computing such deck area, the areas occupied by the 
following must be excluded;
    (i) Areas for which the number of persons permitted is determined 
using the fixed seating criteria;
    (ii) Obstructions, including stairway and elevator enclosures, 
elevated stages, bars, and cashier stands, but not including slot 
machines, tables, or other room furnishings;
    (iii) Toilets and washrooms;
    (iv) Spaces occupied by and necessary for handling lifesaving 
equipment, anchor handling equipment or line handling gear, or in the 
way of sail booms or running rigging;
    (v) Spaces below deck that are unsuitable for passengers or that 
would not normally be used by passengers;
    (vi) Interior passageways less than 840 millimeters (34 inches) 
wide and passageways on open deck, less than 710 millimeters (28 
inches) wide;
    (vii) Bow pulpits, swimming platforms and areas that do not have a 
solid deck, such as netting on multi-hull vessels;
    (viii) Deck areas in way of paddle wheels; and
    (ix) Aisle area provided in accordance with Sec. 177.820(d) in this 
subchapter.
    (3) Fixed seating criterion. One passenger may be permitted for 
each 455 millimeter (18 inches) of width of fixed seating provided by 
Sec. 177.820 of this subchapter. Each sleeping berth in overnight 
accommodation spaces shall be counted as only one seat.
    (c) Different passenger capacity criteria may be used on each deck 
of a vessel and added together to determine the total passenger 
capacity of that vessel. Where seats are provided on part of a deck and 
not on another, the number of passengers permitted on a vessel may be 
the sum of the number permitted by the seating criterion for the space 
having seats and the number permitted by the deck area criterion for 
the space having no seats. The length of rail criterion may not be 
combined with either the deck area criterion or the fixed seating 
criterion when determining the maximum number of passengers permitted 
on an individual deck.
    (d) For a vessel operating on short runs on protected waters such 
as a ferry, the cognizant OCMI may give special consideration to 
increases in passenger allowances.


Sec. 176.114  Alternative requirements for a vessel operating as other 
than a small passenger vessel.

    (a) When authorized by the cognizant OCMI by an endorsement of the 
vessel's certificate of Inspection, a small passenger vessel carrying 
six or less passengers, or operating as a commercial fishing vessel or 
other uninspected vessel, or carrying less than twelve passengers and 
operating as a recreational vessel, need not meet requirements of:
    (1) Subparts C, D, and E, of Part 180 of this chapter if the vessel 
is in satisfactory compliance with the lifesaving equipment regulations 
for an uninspected vessel or recreational vessel in a similar service;
    (2) Subpart C of Part 177, and Parts 178 and 179 of this chapter if 
the vessel is in satisfactory compliance with applicable regulations 
for an uninspected vessel or recreational vessel in a similar service 
or if the owner of the vessel otherwise establishes to the satisfaction 
of the cognizant OCMI that the vessel is seaworthy for the intended 
service; and
    (3) Sections 184.404 and 184.410 of this chapter providing the 
vessel is in satisfactory compliance with applicable regulations for an 
uninspected or recreational vessel in a similar service.
    (b) A vessel operating under the alternative regulations of 
paragraph (a) of this section must:
    (1) Not alter the arrangement of the vessel nor remove any 
equipment required by the certificate for the intended operation, 
without the consent of the cognizant OCMI;
    (2) Comply with the minimum manning specified on the Certificate of 
Inspection, which may include reduced manning depending on the number 
of passengers and operation of the vessel;
    (3) When carrying from one to six passengers, except for a vessel 
being operated as a recreational vessel, make the announcement required 
by Sec. 185.506(a) of this chapter before getting underway; and
    (4) If a vessel of more than 15 gross tons, not carry freight for 
hire.
    (c) The endorsement issued under paragraph (a) of this section must 
indicate the route, maximum number of passengers, and the manning 
required to operate under the provisions of this section.


Sec. 176.120  Certificate of Inspection amendment.

    (a) An amended Certificate of Inspection may be issued at any time 
by any OCMI. The amended Certificate of Inspection replaces the 
original, but the expiration date remains the same as that of the 
original. An amended Certificate of Inspection may be issued to 
authorize and record a change in the dimensions, gross tonnage, owner, 
managing operator, manning, persons permitted, route permitted, 
conditions of operations, or equipment of a vessel, from that specified 
in the current Certificate of Inspection.
    (b) A request for an amended Certificate of Inspection must be made 
to the cognizant OCMI by the owner or managing operator of the vessel 
at any time there is a change in the character of a vessel or in its 
route, equipment, ownership, operation, or similar factors specified in 
its current Certificate of Inspection.
    (c) The OCMI may require an inspection prior to the issuance of an 
amended Certificate of Inspection.

Subpart B--Special Permits and Certificates


Sec. 176.202  Permit to proceed.

    (a) When a vessel is not in compliance with its Certificate of 
Inspection or fails to comply with a regulation of this subchapter, the 
cognizant OCMI may permit the vessel to proceed to another port for 
repair, if in the judgment of the OCMI, the trip can be completed 
safely, even if the Certificate of Inspection of the vessel has expired 
or is about to expire.
    (b) Form CG-948, ``Permit to Proceed to another Port for Repairs,'' 
may be issued by the cognizant OCMI to the owner, managing operator, or 
the master of the vessel stating the conditions under which the vessel 
may proceed to another port. The permit may be issued only upon the 
written application of the owner, managing operator, or master, and 
after the vessel's Certificate of Inspection is turned over tot he 
OCMI.
    (c) A vessel may not carry passengers when operating in accordance 
with a permit to proceed, unless the cognizant OCMI determines that it 
is safe to do so.


Sec. 176.204  Permit to carry excursion party.

    (a) The cognizant OCMI may permit a vessel to engage in a temporary 
excursion operation with a greater number of persons or on a more 
extended route, or both, than permitted by its Certificate of 
Inspection when, in the opinion of the OCMI, the operation can be 
undertaken safely.
    (b) Upon the written application of the owner or managing operator 
of the 

[[Page 956]]
vessel, the cognizant OCMI may issue a Form CG-949, ``Permit To Carry 
Excursion Party,'' to indicate his or her permission to carry an 
excursion party. The OCMI will indicate on the permit the conditions 
under which it is issued, the number of persons the vessel may carry, 
the crew required, any additional lifesaving or safety equipment 
required, the route for which the permit is granted, and the dates on 
which the permit is valid.
    (c) The number of passengers normally permitted on an excursion 
vessel shall be governed by Sec. 176.113.
    (d) The OCMI will not normally waive the applicable minimum safety 
standards when issuing an excursion permit. In particular, a vessel 
that is being issued an excursion permit will normally be required to 
meet the minimum stability, survival craft, life jacket, fire safety, 
and manning standards applicable to a vessel in the service for which 
the excursion permit is requested.
    (e) The permit acts as a temporary, limited duration supplement to 
the vessel's Certificate of Inspection and must be carried with the 
Certificate of Inspection. A vessel operating under a permit to carry 
an excursion party must be in full compliance with the terms of its 
Certificate of Inspection as supplemented by the permit.
    (f) The OCMI may require an inspection prior to the issuance of a 
permit to carry an excursion party.

Subpart C--Posting of Certificates, Permits, and Stability Letters


Sec. 176.302  Certificates and permits.

    The Certificate of Inspection and any SOLAS Certificates must be 
posed under glass or other suitable transparent material, such that all 
pages are visible, in a conspicuous place on the vessel where 
observation by passengers is likely. If posting is impracticable, such 
as an open boats, the certificates must be kept on board in a 
weathertight container readily available for use by the crew and 
display to passengers and others on request.


Sec. 176.306  Stability letter.

    When, in accordance with Sec. 178.210 of this chapter, a vessel 
must be provided with a stability letter, the stability letter must be 
posed under glass or other suitable transparent material, such that all 
pages are visible, at the operating station of the vessel. If posting 
is impracticable, the stability letter must be kept on board in a 
weathertight container readily available for use by the crew and 
display to passengers and others on request.


Sec. 176.310  Certification expiration date stickers.

    (a) A Certificate Expiration Date Sticker indicates the date upon 
which the vessel's Certificate of Inspection expires and is provided by 
the cognizant OCMI in the number required, upon issuance or renewal of 
the Certificate of Inspection.
    (b) A vessel that is issued a Certificate of Inspection under the 
provisions of this subchapter must be not be operated without a valid 
Certificate Expiration Date Sticker affixed to the vessel on a place 
that is:
    (1) A glass or other smooth surface from which the sticker may be 
removed without damage to the vessel;
    (2) Readily visible to each passenger prior to boarding the vessel 
and to patrolling Coast Guard law enforcement personnel; and
    (3) Acceptable to the Coast Guard marine inspector.
    (c) The Coast Guard marine inspector may require the placement of 
more than one sticker in order to insure compliance with paragraph 
(b)(2) of this section.

Subpart D--Inspection for Certification


Sec. 176.000  General.

    (a) An inspection is required before the issuance of a 
Certification of Inspection. Such an inspection for certification is 
not made until after receipt of the application for inspection required 
by Sec. 176.105.
    (b) Upon receipt of a written application for inspection, the 
cognizant OCMI assigns a marine inspector to inspect the vessel for 
compliance with this subchapter at a time and place mutually agreed 
upon by the OCMI and the owner, managing operator, or representative 
thereof.
    (c) The owner, managing operator, or a representative thereof shall 
be present during the inspection.


Sec. 176.402  Initial inspection for certification.

    (a) Before construction or conversion of a vessel intended for 
small passenger vessel service, the owner of the vessel shall submit 
plans, manuals, and calculations indicating the proposed arrangement, 
construction, and operations of the vessel, to the cognizant OCMI for 
approval, except when submitted to the Marine Safety Center (MSC) as 
allowed by Part 177 of this subchapter. The plan, manuals, and 
calculations required to be submitted and the disposition of these 
plans are set forth in Part 177, Subpart B of this chapter.
    (b) The initial inspection is conducted to determine that the 
vessel and its equipment comply with applicable regulations and that 
the vessel was built or converted in accordance with approved plans, 
manuals, and calculations. Additionally, during the inspection, the 
materials, workmanship, and condition of all parts of the vessel and 
its machinery and equipment may be checked to determine if the vessel 
is satisfactory in all respects for the service intended.
    (c) The owner or managing operator of a vessel shall ensure that 
the vessel complies with the laws and regulations applicable to the 
vessel and that the vessel is otherwise satisfactory for the intended 
service. The initial inspection may include an inspection of the 
following items:
    (1) The arrangement, installation, materials, and scantlings of the 
structure including the hull and superstructure, yards, masts, spars, 
rigging, sails, piping, main and auxiliary machinery, pressure vessels, 
steering apparatus, electrical installation, fire resistant 
construction materials, life saving appliances, fire detecting and 
extinguishing equipment, pollution prevention equipment, and all other 
equipment;
    (2) Sanitary conditions and fire hazards; and
    (3) Certificates and operating manuals, including certificates 
issued by the FCC.
    (d) During an initial inspection for certification the owner or 
managing operator shall conduct all tests and make the vessel available 
for all applicable inspections discussed in this paragraph, and in 
Subpart H of this part, to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI, 
including the following:
    (1) The installation of each rescue boat, liferaft, inflatable 
buoyant apparatus, and launching appliance as listed on its Certificate 
of Approval (Form CGHQ-10030).
    (2) The operation of each rescue boat and survival craft launching 
appliance required by Part 180 of this chapter.
    (3) Machinery, fuel tanks, and pressure vessels as required by Part 
182 of this chapter.
    (4) A stability test or a simplified stability test when required 
by Sec. 170.175 of this chapter or Sec. 178.320 of this chapter.
    (5) Watertight bulkheads as required by Part 179 of this chapter.
    (6) Firefighting systems as required by Part 181 of this chapter.
    (7) The operation of all smoke and fire detecting systems, and fire 
alarms and sensors.

[[Page 957]]



Sec. 176.404  Subsequent inspections for certification.

    An inspection for renewal of a Certificate of Inspection normally 
includes inspection and testing of the structure, machinery, equipment, 
and on a sailing vessel, rigging and sails. The owner or managing 
operator shall conduct all tests as required by the marine inspector, 
and make the vessel available for all specific inspections and drills 
required by Subpart H of this part. In addition, the OCMI may require 
the vessel to get underway as part of the inspection for certification. 
The inspection is conducting to determine if the vessel is in 
satisfactory condition, fit for the service intended, and complies with 
the applicable regulations in this subchapter.

Subpart E--Reinspection


Sec. 176.500  When required.

    (a) The owner or managing operator shall make a vessel available 
for reinspections within 60 days of each anniversary of the date of 
issuance of the Certificate of Inspection during each triennial 
inspection period. The owner or managing operator shall contact the 
cognizant OCMI to arrange for a reinspection to be conducted at a time 
and place acceptable to the OCMI.
    (B) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) of the 
section, a reinspection may be made at such other times as may be 
required by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 176.502  Scope.

    In general, the scope of the reinspection is the same as the 
inspection for certification but in less detail unless it is determined 
that a major change has occurred since the last inspection for 
certification.

Subpart F--Hull and Tailshaft Examinations


Sec. 176.600  Drydock and internal structural examination intervals.

    (a) The owner or managing operator shall make a vessel available 
for drydock examinations and internal structural examinations required 
by this section.
    (b) A vessel making an international voyage must undergo a drydock 
examination and an internal structural examination at least once every 
12 months. If the vessel becomes due for a drydock examination or an 
internal structural examination during the voyage, it may lawfully 
complete the voyage prior to the examination if it undergoes the 
required examination upon completion of the voyage to the United States 
but not later than 30 days after the examination was due. If the vessel 
is due for an examination within 15 days of sailing on an international 
voyage from the United States port, it must undergo the required 
examination before sailing.
    (c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, a vessel 
not making an international voyage must undergo a drydock examination 
and an internal structural examination as follows:
    (1) A vessel that is exposed to salt water more than three months 
in any 12 month period since the last examination must undergo a 
drydock examination and an internal structural at least once every two 
years; and
    (2) A vessel that is exposed to salt water not more than three 
months in any 12 month period since the last examination must undergo a 
drydock examination and an internal structural examination at least 
once every five years.
    (d) Whenever damage or deterioration to hull plating or structural 
members that may affect the seaworthiness of a vessel is discovered or 
suspected, the cognizant OCMI may conduct an internal structural 
examination in any affected space including fuel tanks, and may require 
the vessel to be drydocked or taken out of service to assess the extent 
of the damage, and to effect permanent repairs. The OCMI may also 
decrease the drydock examination intervals to monitor the vessel's 
structural condition.


Sec. 176.610  Scope of drydock and internal structural examinations.

    (a) A drydock examination conducted in compliance with Sec. 176.600 
must be conducted while the vessel is hauled out of the water or placed 
in a drydock or slipway. During the examination all accessible parts of 
the vessel's underwater body and all through hull fittings, including 
the hull plating and planking, appendages, propellers, shafts, 
bearings, rudders, sea chests, sea valves, and sea strainers shall be 
made available for examination. Sea chests, sea valves, and sea 
strainers must be opened for examination. On wooden vessels, fastenings 
may be required to be pulled for examination.
    (b) An internal structural examination conducted in compliance with 
Sec. 176.600 may be conducted while the vessel is afloat or out of the 
water and consists of a complete examination of the vessel's main 
strength members, including the major internal framing, the hull 
plating and planking, voids, and ballast, cargo, and fuel oil tanks. 
Where the internal framing, plating, or planking of the vessel is 
concealed, sections of the lining, ceiling or insulation may be removed 
or the parts otherwise probed or exposed so that the inspector may be 
satisfied as to the condition of the hull structure. Fuel oil tanks 
need not be cleaned out and internally examined if the marine inspector 
is able to determine by external examination that the general condition 
of the tanks is satisfactory.


Sec. 176.612  Notice and plans required.

    (a) The owner or managing operator shall notify the cognizant OCMI 
as far in advance as possible whenever a vessel is to be hauled out or 
placed in a drydock or slipway in compliance with Sec. 176.600 or to 
undergo repairs or alterations affecting the safety of the vessel, 
together with the nature of any repairs or alterations contemplated. 
Hull repairs or alternations that affect the safety of the vessel 
include but are not limited to the replacement, repair, or refastening 
of planking, plating, or structural members including the repair of 
cracks.
    (b) Whenever a vessel is hauled out or placed in a drydock or 
slipway in excess of the requirements of this subpart for the purpose 
of maintenance, such as changing a propeller, painting, or cleaning the 
hull, no report need be made to the cognizant OCMI.
    (c) The owner or managing operator of each vessel that holds a Load 
Line Certificate shall make plans showing the vessel's scantlings 
available to the Coast Guard marine inspector whenever the vessel 
undergoes a drydock examination or internal structural examination or 
whenever repairs or alterations affecting the safety or seaworthiness 
of the vessel are made to the vessel's hull.


Sec. 176.630  Tailshaft examinations.

    (a) The marine inspector may require any part or all of the 
propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting and 
stern bearing of a vessel whenever the condition of the shafting and 
bearings are in question.
    (b) The marine inspector may conduct a visual examination and may 
require nondestructive testing of the propeller shafting whenever the 
condition of shafting is in question.


Sec. 176.670  Extension of examination intervals.

    The intervals between drydock examinations and internal structural 
examinations specified in Sec. 176.600 of this part may be extended by 
the cognizant OCMI or Commandant.

[[Page 958]]


Subpart G--Repairs and Alterations


Sec. 176.700  Permission for repairs and alterations.

    (a) Repairs or alterations to the hull, machinery, or equipment 
that affect the safety of the vessel must not be made without the 
approval of the cognizant OCMI, except during an emergency. When 
repairs are made during an emergency, the owner, managing operator, or 
master shall notify the OCMI as soon as practicable after such repairs 
or alternations are made. Repairs or alterations that affect the safety 
of the vessel include, but are not limited to: replacement, repair, or 
refastening of deck or hull planking, plating, and structural members; 
repair of plate or frame cracks; damage repair or replacement, other 
than replacement in kind, of electrical wiring, fuel lines, tanks, 
boilers and other pressure vessels, and steering, propulsion and power 
supply systems; alterations affecting stability; and repair or 
alteration of lifesaving, fire detecting, or fire extinguishing 
equipment.
    (b) The owner or managing operator shall submit drawings, sketches, 
or written specifications describing the details of any proposed 
alterations to the cognizant OCMI. Proposed alterations must be 
approved by the OCMI before work is started.
    (c) Drawings are not required to be submitted for repairs or 
replacements in kind.
    (d) The OCMI may require an inspection and testing whenever a 
repair or alteration is undertaken.


Sec. 176.702  Installation tests and inspections.

    Whenever a launching appliance, survival craft, rescue boat, fixed 
gas fire extinguishing system, machinery, fuel tank, or pressure vessel 
is installed aboard a vessel after completion of the initial inspection 
for certification of the vessel, as replacement equipment or as a new 
installation, the owner or managing operator shall conduct the tests 
and make the vessel ready for the inspections required by 
Sec. 176.402(d) to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 176.704  Breaking of safety valve seals.

    The owner, managing operator, or master shall notify the cognizant 
OCMI as soon as practicable after the seal on a boiler safety valve on 
a vessel is broken.


Sec. 176.710  Inspection and testing prior to hot work.

    (a) An inspection for flammable or combustible gases must be 
conducted by a certified marine chemist or other person authorized by 
the cognizant OCMI in accordance with the provisions of National Fire 
Protection Association (NFPA) 306, ``Control of Gas Hazards on 
Vessels,'' before alterations, repairs, or other operations involving 
riveting, welding, burning, or other fire producing actions may be made 
aboard a vessel:
    (1) Within or on the boundaries of fuel tanks; or
    (2) To pipelines, heating coils, pumps, fittings, or other 
appurtenances connected to fuel tanks.
    (b) An inspection required by paragraph (a) of this section must be 
conducted as required by this paragraph.
    (1) In ports or places in the United States or its territories and 
possessions, the inspection must be conducted by a marine chemist 
certificated by the NFPA. However, if the services of a certified 
marine chemist are not reasonably available, the cognizant OCMI, upon 
the recommendation of the vessel owner or managing operator, may 
authorize another person to inspect the vessel. If the inspection 
indicates that the operations can be undertaken safely, a certificate 
setting forth this fact in writing must be issued by the certified 
marine chemist or the authorized person before the work is started. The 
certificate must include any requirements necessary to reasonably 
maintain safe conditions in the spaces certified throughout the 
operation, including any precautions necessary to eliminate or minimize 
hazards that may be present from protective coatings or residues from 
cargoes.
    (2) When not in a port or place in the United States or its 
territories and possessions, and when a marine chemist or a person 
authorized by the cognizant OCMI is not reasonably available, the 
master shall conduct the inspection and enter the results in the 
inspection in the vessel's logbook.
    (c) The owner, managing operator, or master shall obtain a copy of 
certificates issued by the certified marine chemist or the other person 
authorized by the cognizant OCMI, and shall ensure that all conditions 
on the certificates are observed and that the vessel is maintained in a 
safe condition. The owner, managing operator, or master shall maintain 
a safe condition on the vessel by requiring full observance, by persons 
under his or her control, of all requirements listed in the 
certificate.

Subpart H--Material Inspections


Sec. 176.800  Inspection standards.

    (a) A vessel is inspected for compliance with the standards 
required by this subchapter. Machinery, equipment, materials, and 
arrangements not covered by standards in this subchapter may be 
inspected in accordance with standards acceptable to the cognizant OCMI 
as good marine practice.
    (b) In the application of inspection standards due consideration 
must be given to the hazards involved in the operation permitted by a 
vessel's Certificate of Inspection. Thus, the standards may vary in 
accordance with the vessel's area of operation or any other operational 
restrictions or limitations.
    (c) The published standards of classification societies and other 
recognized safety associations may be used as guides in the inspection 
of vessels when such standards do not conflict with the requirements of 
this subchapter.


Sec. 176.801  Notice of inspection deficiencies and requirements.

    (a) If during the inspection of a vessel, the vessel or its 
equipment is found not to conform to the requirements of law or the 
regulations in this subchapter, the marine inspector will point out 
deficiencies observed and discuss all requirements with the owner, 
managing operator, or a representative thereof. Normally, the marine 
inspector will list all such requirements that have not been completed 
and present the list to the owner, managing operator, or a 
representative thereof. However, when a deficiency presents a serious 
safety hazard to the vessel or it's passengers or crew, and exists 
through negligence or willful noncompliance, the marine inspector may 
issue a Report of Violation (ROV) to the owner, managing operator, or a 
representative thereof.
    (b) In any case where further clarification of or reconsideration 
of any requirement placed against the vessel is desired, the owner, 
managing operator, or a representative thereof, may discuss the matter 
with the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 176.802  Hull.

    (a) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of 
a vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspections of the hull structure 
and its appurtenances, including the following:
    (1) Inspection of all accessible parts of the exterior and interior 
of the hull, the watertight bulkheads, and weather decks;
    (2) Inspection and operation of all watertight closures in the 
hull, decks, and bulkheads including through hull fittings and sea 
valves;

[[Page 959]]

    (3) Inspection of the condition of the superstructure, masts, and 
similar arrangements constructed on the hull, and on a sailing vessel 
all spars, standing rigging, running rigging, blocks, fittings, and 
sails;
    (4) Inspection of all railings and bulwarks and their attachment to 
the hull structure;
    (5) Inspection to ensure that guards or rails are provided in 
dangerous places;
    (6) Inspection and operation of all weathertight closures above the 
weather deck and the provisions for drainage of sea water from the 
exposed decks; and
    (7) Inspection of all interior spaces to ensure that they are 
adequately ventilated and drained, and that means of escape are 
adequate and properly maintained.
    (b) The vessel must be afloat for at least a portion of the 
inspection as required by the marine inspector.
    (c) When required by the marine inspector, a portion of the 
inspection must be conducted while the vessel is underway so that the 
working of the hull; can be observed.


Sec. 176.804  Machinery.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of a 
vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspections of machinery, fuel, and 
piping systems, including the following:
    (a) Operation of the main propulsion machinery both ahead and 
astern;
    (b) Operational test and inspection of engine control mechanisms 
including primary and alternate means of starting machinery;
    (c) Inspection of all machinery essential to the routine operation 
of the vessel including generators and cooling systems;
    (d) External inspection of fuel tanks and inspection of tank vents, 
piping, and pipe fittings;
    (e) Inspection of all fuel system;
    (f) Operational test of all valves in fuel lines by operating 
locally and at remote operating positions;
    (g) Operational test of all overboard discharge and intake valves 
and watertight bulkhead pipe penetration valves;
    (h) Operational test of the means provided for pumping bilges; and
    (i) Test of machinery alarms including bilge high level alarms.


Sec. 176.806  Electrical.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of a 
vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspection of electrical equipment 
and systems, including the following:
    (a) Inspection of all cable as far as practicable without undue 
disturbance of the cable or electrical apparatus;
    (b) Test of circuit breakers by manual operation;
    (c) Inspection of fuses including ensuring the ratings of fuses are 
suitable for the service intended;
    (d) Inspection of rotating electrical machinery essential to the 
routine operation of the vessel;
    (e) Inspection of all generators, motors, lighting fixtures and 
circuit interrupting devices located in spaces or areas that may 
contain flammable vapors;
    (f) Inspection of batteries for condition and security of stowage;
    (g) Operational test of electrical apparatus, which operates as 
part of or in conjunction with a fire detection or alarms system 
installed on board the vessel, by simulating, as closely as 
practicable, the actual operation in case of fire; and
    (h) Operational test of all emergency electrical systems.


Sec. 176.808  Lifesaving

    (a) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of 
a vessel, the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct 
tests and have the vessel ready for inspection of lifesaving equipment 
and systems, including the following:
    (1) Tests of each rescue boat and each rescue boat launching 
appliance and survival craft launching appliance in accordance with 
Sec. 71.25-15 in subchapter H of this chapter;
    (2) Inspection of each lifejacket, work vest, and marine buoyant 
device;
    (3) If used, inspection of the passenger safety orientation cards 
or pamphlets allowed by Sec. 185.506(b)(2) of this chapter;
    (4) Inspection of each inflatable liferaft and inflatable 
lifejacket to determine that it has been serviced as required by 
Sec. 185.730 of this chapter; and
    (5) Inspection of each hydrostatic release unit to determine that 
it is in compliance with the servicing and usage requirements of 
Sec. 185.740 of this chapter.
    (b) Each item of lifesaving equipment determined by the marine 
inspector to not be in serviceable condition must be repaired or 
replaced.
    (c) Each item of lifesaving equipment with an expiration date on it 
must be replaced if the expiration date has passed.
    (d) The owner or managing operator shall destroy, in the presence 
of the marine inspector, each lifejacket, other personal floatation 
device, and other lifesaving device found to be defective and incapable 
of repair.
    (e) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification of 
a vessel, the vessel must be equipped with an adult size lifejacket for 
each person authorized. The vessel must also be equipped with child 
size lifejackets equal to at least:
    (1) 10 percent of the maximum number of passengers permitted to be 
carried unless children are prohibited from being carried aboard the 
vessel; or
    (2) 5 percent of the maximum number of passengers permitted to be 
carried if all extended size lifejackets are provided.
    (f) Lifejackets, work vests, and marine buoyant devices may be 
marked with the date and marine inspection zone to indicate that they 
have been inspected and found to be in serviceable condition by a 
marine inspector.
    (g) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification, 
the marine inspector may require that an abandon ship or man overboard 
drill be held under simulated emergency conditions specified by the 
inspector.


Sec. 176.810  Fire protection.

    (a) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification, 
the owner or managing operator shall be prepared to conduct tests and 
have the vessel ready for inspection of its fire protection equipment, 
including the following:
    (1) Inspection of each hand portable fire extinguisher, 
semiportable fire extinguisher, and fixed gas fire extinguishing system 
to check for excessive corrosion and general condition;
    (2) Inspection of piping, controls, and valves, and the inspection 
and testing of alarms and ventilation shutdowns, for each fixed gas 
fire extinguishing system and detecting system to determine that the 
system is in operating condition;
    (3) Operation of the fire main system and checking of the pressure 
at the most remote and highest outlets;
    (4) Testing of each fire hose to a test pressure equivalent to its 
maximum service pressure;
    (5) Checking of each cylinder containing compressed gas to ensure 
it has been tested and marked in accordance with Sec. 147.60 in 
subchapter N of this chapter;
    (6) Testing or renewal of flexible connections and discharge hoses 
on semiportable extinguishers and fixed gas extinguishing systems in 
accordance with Sec. 147.65 in subchapter N of this chapter; and

[[Page 960]]

    (7) Inspection and testing of all smoke and fire detection systems, 
including sensors and alarms.
    (b) The owner, managing operator, or a qualified servicing facility 
as applicable shall conduct the following inspections and tests:
    (1) For portable fire extinguishers, the inspections, maintenance 
procedures, and hydrostatic pressure tests required by Chapter 4 of 
NFPA 10, ``Portable Fire Extinguishers,'' with the frequency specified 
by NFPA 10. In addition, carbon dioxide and Halon portable fire 
extinguishers must be refilled when the net content weight loss exceeds 
that specified for fixed systems by Table 176.810(b). The owner or 
managing operator shall provide satisfactory evidence of the required 
servicing to the marine inspector. If any of the equipment or records 
have not been properly maintained, a qualified servicing facility must 
be required to perform the required inspections, maintenance 
procedures, and hydrostatic pressure tests. A tag issued by a qualified 
servicing organization, and attached to each extinguisher, may be 
accepted as evidence that the necessary maintenance procedures have 
been conducted.
    (2) For semiportable and fixed gas fire extinguishing systems, the 
inspections and tests required by Table 176.810(b), in addition to the 
tests required by Secs. 147.60 and 147.65 in subchapter N of this 
chapter. The owner or managing operator shall provide satisfactory 
evidence of the required servicing to the marine inspector. If any of 
the equipment or records have not been properly maintained, a qualified 
servicing facility may be required to perform the required inspections, 
maintenance procedures, and hydrostatic pressure tests.

  Table 1786.810(b).--Semiportable and Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Type System                             Test                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carbon dioxide....................  Weigh cylinders. Recharge if weight 
                                     loss exceeds 10% of weight of      
                                     charge. Test time delays, alarms,  
                                     and ventilation shutdowns with     
                                     carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or other 
                                     nonflammable gas as stated in the  
                                     system manufacturer's instruction  
                                     manual. Inspection hoses and       
                                     nozzles to be sure they are clean. 
Halon.............................  Weigh cylinders. Recharge if weight 
                                     loss exceeds 5% of weight of       
                                     charge. If the system has a        
                                     pressure gauge, also recharge if   
                                     pressure loss (adjusted for        
                                     temperature) exceeds 10%. Test time
                                     delays, alarms and ventilation     
                                     shutdowns with carbon dioxide,     
                                     nitrogen, or other nonflammable gas
                                     as stated in the system            
                                     manufacturer's instruction manual. 
                                     Inspect hoses and nozzles to be    
                                     sure they are clean.               
Dry Chemical (cartridge operated).  Examine pressure cartridge and      
                                     replace if end is punctured or if  
                                     determined to have leaked or to be 
                                     in unsuitable condition. Inspect   
                                     hose and nozzle to see if they are 
                                     clear. Insert charged cartridge.   
                                     Ensure dry chemical is free flowing
                                     (not caked) and extinguisher       
                                     contains full charge.              
Dry chemical (stored pressure)....  See that pressure gauge is in       
                                     operating range. If not, or if the 
                                     seal is broken, weigh or otherwise 
                                     determined that extinguisher is    
                                     fully charged with dry chemical.   
                                     Recharge if pressure is low or if  
                                     dry chemical is needed.            
Foam (stored pressure)............  See that pressure gauge, if so      
                                     equipped, is in the operating      
                                     range. If not, or if the seal is   
                                     broken, weigh or otherwise         
                                     determine that extinguisher is     
                                     fully charged with foam. Recharge  
                                     if pressure is low or if foam is   
                                     needed. Replace premixed agent     
                                     every 3 years.                     
Clean Agents (Halon replacements).  (To be developed)                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) The owner, managing operator, or master shall destroy, in the 
presence of the marine inspector, each fire hose found to be defective 
and incapable of repair.
    (d) At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification, 
the marine inspector may require that a fire drill be held under 
simulated emergency conditions to be specified by the inspector.


Sec. 176.812  Pressure vessels and boilers.

    (a) Periodic inspection and testing requirements for pressure 
vessels are contained in Sec. 61.10 in subchapter F of this chapter.
    (b) Periodic inspection and testing requirements for boilers are 
contained in Sec. 61.10 in subchapter F of this chapter.


Sec. 176.814  Steering systems.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification the 
owner or managing operator shall be prepared to test the steering 
systems of the vessel and make them available for inspection to the 
extent necessary to determine that they are in suitable condition and 
fit for the service intended. Servo-type power systems, such as orbital 
systems, must be tested and capable of smooth operation by a single 
person in the manual mode, with hydraulic pumps secured.


Sec. 176.816  MIscellaneous systems and equipment.

    At each initial and subsequent inspection for certification the 
owner or managing operator shall be prepared to test and make available 
for inspection all items in the ship's outfit, such as ground tackle, 
navigation lights and equipment, markings, and placards, which are 
required to be carried by the regulations in this subchapter, as 
necessary to determine that they are fit for the service intended.


Sec. 176.818  Sanitary inspection.

    At each inspection for certification and at every other vessel 
inspection, quarters, toilet and washing spaces, galleys, serving 
pantries, lockers, and similar spaces may be examined to determine that 
they are serviceable and in a sanitary condition.


Sec. 176.830  Unsafe practices.

    (a) At each inspection for certification and at every other vessel 
inspection all observed unsafe practices, fire hazards, and other 
hazardous situations must be corrected an all required guards and 
protective devices must be in satisfactory condition.
    (b) At each inspection for certification and at every other vessel 
inspection the bilges and other spaces may be examined to see that 
there is no excessive accumulation of oil, trash, debris, or other 
matter that might create a fire hazard, clog bilge pumping systems, or 
block emergency escapes.


Sec. 176.840  Additional tests and inspections.

    The cognizant OCMI may require that a vessel and its equipment 
undergo any additional test or inspection deemed 

[[Page 961]]
reasonable and necessary to determine that the vessel and its equipment 
are suitable for the service in which they are to be employed.

Subpart I--International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea, 
1974, as Amended (SOLAS)


Sec. 176.900  Applicability.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, a mechanically 
propelled vessel of the United States, which carries more than 12 
passengers on an international voyage must be in compliance with the 
applicable requirements of the International Convention for Safety of 
Life at Sea, 1974, as Amended (SOLAS), to which the United States 
Government is currently a party.
    (b) SOLAS does not apply to a vessel solely navigating the Great 
Lakes and the St. Lawrence River as far east as a straight line drawn 
from Cap des Rosiers to West Point, Anticosti Island and, on the north 
side of Anticosti Island, the 63rd Meridian.


Sec. 176.910  Passenger Ship Safety Certificate.

    (a) A vessel, which carries more than 12 passengers on an 
international voyage must have a valid SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety 
Certificate. The Commandant issues the original SOLAS Passenger Ship 
Safety Certificate after receiving notification from the cognizant OCMI 
that the vessel complies with the applicable SOLAS regulations. 
Subsequent SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificates are issued by the 
cognizant OCMI unless any changes to the vessel or its operations have 
occurred which changes the information on the certificate, in which 
case the Commandant will reissue the certificate.
    (b) The route specified on the Certificate of Inspection and the 
SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate must agree.
    (c) A SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate is issued for a 
period of not more than 12 months.
    (d) The SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate may be withdrawn, 
revoked, or suspended at any time when the vessel is not in compliance 
with applicable SOLAS requirements.


Sec. 176.970  Exemptions.

    (a) In accordance with Chapter I (General Provisions) Regulation 4, 
of SOLAS, the Commandant may exempt a vessel, which is not normally 
engaged on an international voyage but that in exceptional 
circumstances is required to undertake a single international voyage 
from any of the requirements of the regulations of SOLAS provided that 
the vessel complies with safety requirements that are adequate, in the 
Commandant's opinion, for the voyage that is to be undertaken.
    (b) In accordance with Chapter II-1 (Construction--Subdivision and 
Stability, Machinery and Electrical Installations) Regulation 1, 
Chapter II-2 (Construction--Fire Protection, Fire Detection and Fire 
Extinction) Regulation 1, and Chapter III (Life Saving Appliances and 
Arrangements) Regulation 2 of SOLAS, the Commandant may exempt a vessel 
that does not proceed more than 20 miles from the nearest land from any 
of the specific requirements of Chapters II-1, II-2, and III of SOLAS 
if the Commandant determines that the sheltered nature and conditions 
of the voyage are such as to render the application of such 
requirements unreasonable or unnecessary.
    (c) The Commandant may exempt a vessel from requirements of the 
regulations of SOLAS in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this 
section upon a written request from the owner or managing operator 
submitted to the Commandant via the cognizant OCMI.
    (d) When the Commandant grants an exemption to a vessel in 
accordance with this section, the Commandant will issue the original 
SOLAS Exemption Certificate describing the exemption. Subsequent SOLAS 
Exemption Certificates are issued by the cognizant OCMI unless any 
changes to the vessel or its operations have occurred that changes the 
information on the SOLAS Exemption or Passenger Ship Safety 
Certificates, in which case the Commandant will reissue the 
certificate. A SOLAS Exemption Certificate is not valid for longer than 
the period of the SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate to which it 
refers.


Sec. 176.930  Equivalents.

    In accordance with Chapter I (General Provisions) Regulation 5, of 
SOLAS, the Commandant may accept an equivalent to a particular fitting, 
material, appliance, apparatus, or any particular provision required by 
SOLAS regulations if satisfied that such equivalent is at least as 
effective as that required by the regulations. An owner or managing 
operator of a vessel may submit a request for the acceptance of an 
equivalent following the procedures in Sec. 175.540 of this chapter. 
The Commandant will indicate the acceptance of an equivalent on the 
vessel's SOLAS Passenger Ship Safety Certificate.

PART 177--CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
177.100  General requirement.
177.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Plans

177.202  Plans and information required.
177.210  Plans for sister vessels.

Subpart C--Hull Structure

177.300  Structural design.
177.310  Satisfactory service as a design basis.
177.315  Vessles of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers.
177.330  Sailing vessels.
177.340  Alternate design considerations.

Subpart D--Fire Protection

177.405  General arrangement and outfitting.
177.410  Structural fire protection.

Subpart E--Escape Requirements

177.500  Means of escape.

Subpart F--Ventilation

177.600  Ventilation of enclosed and partially enclosed spaces.
177.620  Ventilation of machinery and fuel tank spaces.

Subpart G--Crew Spaces

177.700  General requirements.
177.710  Overnight accommodations.

Subpart H--Passenger Accommodations

177.800  General requirements.
177.810  Overnight accommodations.
177.820  Seating.

Subpart I--Rails and Guards

177.900  Deck rails.
177.920  Storm rails.
177.940  Guards in vehicle spaces.
177.960  Guards for exposed hazards.
177.970  Protection against hot piping.

Subpart J--Window Construction and Visibility

177.1010  Safety glazing materials.
177.1020  Strength.
177.1030  Operating station visibility.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 177.100   General requirement.

    The construction and arrangement of a vessel must allow the safe 
operation of the vessel in accordance with the terms of its certificate 
of Inspection giving consideration to provisions for a seaworthy hull, 
protection against fire, means of escape in case of a sudden unexpected 
casualty, guards and rails in hazardous places, ventilation of enclosed 
spaces, and necessary facilities for passengers and crew.

[[Page 962]]



Sec. 177.115   Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraph (b) of this section, 
an existing vessel must comply with the construction and arrangement 
regulations that were applicable to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, 
as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the regulations in this 
part.
    (b) Alterations, or modifications made to the structure or 
arrangements of an existing vessel, that are a major conversion, on or 
after March 11, 1996, must comply with the regulations of this part. 
Repairs or maintenance conducted on an existing vessel, resulting in no 
significant changes to the original structure or arrangement of the 
vessel, must comply with the regulations applicable to the vessel on 
March 10, 1996, or, as an alternative, with the regulations in this 
part. However, when outfit items such as furnishings and mattresses are 
renewed, they must comply with the regulations in this part.

Subpart B--Plans


Sec. 177.202   Plans and information required.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section and 
Sec. 177.210 of this part, the owner of a vessel requesting initial 
inspection for certification shall, prior to the start of construction 
unless otherwise allowed by the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine 
Inspection (OCMI), submit for approval to the cognizant OCMI, at least 
two copies of the following plans:
    (1) Outboard profile;
    (2) Inboard profile; and
    (3) Arrangement of decks.
    (b) In addition, the owner shall, prior to receiving a Certificate 
of Inspection, submit for approval to the cognizant OCMI, at least two 
copies of the following plans, manuals, analyses, and calculations that 
are applicable to the vessel as determined by the OCMI:
    (1) Midship section;
    (2) Survival craft embarkation stations;
    (3) Machinery installation, including but not limited to:
    (i) Propulsion and propulsion control, including shaft details;
    (ii) Steering and steering control, including rudder details;
    (iii) Ventilation diagrams; and
    (iv) Engine exhaust diagram;
    (4) Electrical installation including, but not limited to:
    (i) Elementary one-line diagram of the power system;
    (ii) Cable lists;
    (iii) Bills of materials;
    (iv) Type and size of generators and prime movers;
    (v) Type and size of generator cables, bus-tie cables, feeders, and 
branch circuit cables;
    (vi) Power, lighting, and interior communication panelboards with 
number of circuits and rating of energy consuming devices;
    (vii) Type of capacity of storage batteries;
    (viii) Rating of circuit breakers and switches, interrupting 
capacity of circuit breakers, and rating and setting of overcurrent 
devices; and
    (ix) Electrical plant load analysis.
    (5) Lifesaving equipment locations and installation;
    (6) Fire protection equipment installation including, but not 
limited to:
    (i) Fire main system plans and calculations;
    (ii) Fixed gas fire extinguishing system plans and calculations;
    (iii) Fire detecting system and smoke detecting system plans;
    (iv) Sprinkler system diagram and calculations; and
    (v) Portable fire extinguisher types, sizes and locations;
    (7) Fuel tanks;
    (8) Piping systems including: bilge, ballast, hydraulic, sanitary, 
compressed air, combustible and flammable liquids, vents, soundings, 
and overflows;
    (9) Hull penetrations and shell connections;
    (10) Marine sanitation device model number, approval number, 
connecting wiring and piping; and
    (11) Lines and offsets, curves of form, cross curves of stability, 
and tank capacities including size and location on vessel; and
    (12) On sailing vessels:
    (i) Masts, including integration into the ship's structure; and
    (ii) Rigging plan showing sail areas and centers of effort as well 
as the arrangement, dimensions, and connections of the standing 
rigging.
    (c) For a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, 
the owner may submit specifications, sketches, photographs, line 
drawings or written descriptions instead of any of the required 
drawings, provided the required information is adequately detailed and 
acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.
    (d) An owner may submit any plans, manuals, or calculations, 
required to be submitted to the OCMI under this part, to the Commanding 
Officer, U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Center (Marine Safety Center), 
400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590-0001. Three copies of all 
documents are required to be submitted for Marine Safety Center plan 
approval.
    (e) For a vessel, the construction of which was begun prior to 
approval of the plans and information required by paragraphs (a) and 
(b) of this section, the cognizant OCMI may require any additional 
plans and information, manufacturers' certifications of construction, 
testing including reasonable destructive testing, and inspections, 
which the OCMI determines are necessary to verify that the vessel 
complies with the requirements of this subchapter.


Sec. 177.210  Plans for sister vessels.

    (a) Plans are not required for a vessel that is a sister vessel, 
provided:
    (1) Approved plans for the original vessel are on file at the 
Marine Safety Center or in the files of the cognizant OCMI;
    (2) The owner of the plans authorizes their use for the new 
construction of the sister vessel;
    (3) The regulations used for the original plan approval have not 
changed since the original approval; and
    (4) There are no major modifications to any of the systems to be 
used.
    (b) If approved plans for the original vessel are not on file at 
the MSC or with the cognizant OCMI, the vessel owner shall submit plans 
as described in Sec. 177.202 of this part.

Subpart C--Hull Structure


Sec. 177.300  Structural design.

    Except as otherwise allowed by this subpart, a vessel must comply 
with the structural design requirements of one of the standards listed 
below for the hull material of the vessel.
    (a) Wooden hull vessels--Rules and Regulations for the 
Classification of Yachts and Small Craft, Lloyd's Register of Shipping 
(Lloyd's);
    (b) Steel hull vessels:
    (1) Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Yachts and 
Small Craft, Lloyd's; or
    (2) Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 61 Meters 
(200 Ft) in Length, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS);
    (c) Fiber reinforced plastic vessels:
    (1) Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Yachts and 
Small Craft, Lloyd's; or
    (2) Rules for Building and Classing Reinforced Plastic Vessels, 
ABS;
    (d) Aluminum hull vessels:
    (1) Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Yachts and 
Small Craft, Lloyd's; or
    (i) For a vessel of more than 30.5 meters (100 feet) in length--
Rules for Building and Classing Aluminum Vessels, ABS; or

[[Page 963]]

    (ii) For a vessel of not more than 30.5 meters (100 feet) in 
length--Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 61 Meters 
(200 Feet) in Length, ABS, with the appropriate conversions from the 
ABS Rules for Building and Classing Aluminum Vessels;
    (e) Steel hull vessels operating in protected waters--Rules for 
Building and Classing Steel Vessels for Service on Rivers and 
Intracoastal Waterways, ABS.


Sec. 177.310  Satisfactory service as a design basis.

    When scantlings for the hull, deckhouse, and frames of the vessel 
differ from those specified by the standards listed in Sec. 177.300 of 
this part, and the owner can demonstrate that the vessel, or another 
vessel approximating the same size, power, and displacement, has been 
built to such scantlings and has been in satisfactory service insofar 
as structural adequacy is concerned for a period of at least 5 years, 
such scantlings may be approved by the cognizant OCMI instead of the 
scantlings required by the applicable standards specified in 
Sec. 177.300 of this part.


Sec. 177.315  Vessels of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers.

    The scantlings for a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) 
in length carrying not more than 12 passengers that do not meet the 
standards in Secs. 177.300 or 177.310 may be approved by the cognizant 
OCMI if the builder of the vessel establishes to the satisfaction of 
the OCMI that the design and construction of the vessel is adequate for 
the intended service.


Sec. 177.330  Sailing vessels.

    The design, materials, and construction of masts, posts, yards, 
booms, bowsprits, and standing rigging on a sailing vessel must be 
suitable for the intended service. The hull structure must be 
adequately reinforced to ensure sufficient strength and resistance to 
plate buckling. The cognizant OCMI may require the owner to submit 
detailed calculations on the strength of the mast, post, yards, booms, 
bowsprits, and standing rigging to the Marine Safety Center for 
evaluation.


Sec. 177.340  Alternate design considerations.

    When the structure of vessel is of novel design, unusual form, or 
special materials, which cannot be reviewed or approved in accordance 
with Secs. 177.300, 177.310 or 177.315, the structure may be approved 
by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center, when it can be shown 
by systematic analysis based on engineering principles that the 
structure provides adequate safety and strength. The owner shall submit 
detailed plans, material component specifications, and design criteria, 
including the expected operating environment, resulting loads on the 
vessel, and design limitations for such vessel, to the Marine Safety 
Center.

Subpart D--Fire Protection


Sec. 177.405  General arrangement and outfitting.

    (a) Fire hazards to be minimized. The general construction of the 
vessel must be such as to minimize fire hazards insofar as it is 
reasonable and practicable.
    (b) Combustibles insulated from heated surfaces. Internal 
combustion engine exhausts, boiler and galley uptakes, and similar 
sources of ignition must be kept clear of and suitably insulated from 
combustible material. Dry exhaust systems for internal combustion 
engines on wooden or fiber reinforced plastic vessels must be installed 
in accordance with American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) Standard P-1 
``Installation of Exhaust Systems for Propulsion and Auxiliary 
Engines.''
    (c) Separation of machinery and fuel tank spaces from accommodation 
spaces. Machinery and fuel tank spaces must be separated from 
accommodation spaces by boundaries that prevent the passage of vapors.
    (d) Paint and flammable liquid lockers. Paint and flammable liquid 
lockers must be constructed of steel or equivalent material, or wholly 
lined with steel or equivalent material.
    (e) Vapor barriers. Vapor barriers must be provided where 
insulation of any type is used in spaces where flammable and 
combustible liquids or vapors are present, such as machinery spaces and 
paint lockers.
    (f) Waste Receptacles. Unless other means are provided to ensure 
that a potential waste receptacle fire would be limited to the 
receptacle, waste receptacles must be constructed of noncombustible 
materials with no openings in the sides or bottom.
    (g) Mattresses. All mattresses must comply with either:
    (1) The U.S. Department of Commerce ``Standard for Mattress 
Flammability'' (FF 4-72.16), 16 CFR Part 1632, Subpart A and not 
contain polyurethane foam; or
    (2) International Maritime Organization Resolution A.688(17) ``Fire 
Test Procedures For Ignitability of Bedding Components.'' Mattresses 
that are tested to this standard may contain polyurethane foam.


Sec. 177.410  Structural fire protection.

    (a) Cooking areas. Vertical or horizontal surfaces within 910 
millimeters (3 feet) of cooking appliances must have an American 
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E-84 ``Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials'' flame spread rating of not more 
than 75. Curtains, draperies, or free hanging fabrics must not be 
fitted within 910 millimeters (3 feet) of cooking or heating 
appliances.
    (b) Fiber reinforced plastic. When the hull, decks, deckhouse, or 
superstructure of a vessel is partially or completely constructed of 
fiber reinforced plastic, including composite construction, the resin 
used must have an ASTM E-84 flame spread rating of not more than 100.
    (c) Use of general purpose resin. General purpose resins may be 
used in lieu of those having an ASTM E-84 flame spread rating of not 
more than 100 provided that the following additional requirements are 
met:
    (1) Cooking and Heating Appliances--Galleys must be surrounded by 
B-15 Class fire boundaries. This may not apply to concession stands 
that are not considered high fire hazards areas (galleys) as long as 
they do not contain medium to high heat appliances such as deep fat 
fryers, flat plate type grilles, and open ranges with heating surfaces 
exceeding 121  deg.C(250  deg.F). Open flame systems for cooking and 
heating are not allowed.
    (2) Sources of Ignition--Electrical equipment and switch boards 
must be protected from fuel or water sources. Fuel lines and hoses must 
be located as far as practical from heat sources. Internal combustion 
engine exhausts, boiler and galley uptakes, and similar sources of 
ignition must be kept clear of and suitability insulated from any 
woodwork or other combustible matter. Internal combustion engine dry 
exhaust systems must be installed in accordance with ABYC Standard P-1.
    (3) Fire Detection and Extinguishing Systems--Fire detection and 
extinguishing systems must be installed in compliance with 
Secs. 181.400 through 181.420 of this chapter. Additionally, all fiber 
reinforced plastic (FRP) vessels constructed with general purpose 
resins must be fitted with a smoke activated fire detection system of 
an approved type, installed in accordance with Sec. 76.27 of in 
subchapter H of this chapter, in all accommodation spaces, all service 
spaces, and in isolated spaces such as voids and storage lockers that 
contain an ignition source such as electric equipment or piping for a 
dry exhaust system.

[[Page 964]]

    (4) Machinery Space Boundaries--Boundaries that separate machinery 
spaces from accommodation spaces, service spaces, and control spaces 
must be lined with noncombustible panels or insulation approved in 
accordance with Sec. 164.009 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.
    (5) Furnishings--Furniture and furnishings must comply with 
Sec. 116.423 in subchapter K of this chapter.
    (d) Limitations on the use of general purpose resin.
    (1) Overnight Accommodations--Vessels with overnight passenger 
accommodations must not be constructed with general purpose resin.
    (2) Gasoline Fuel Systems--Vessels with engines powered by gasoline 
or other fuels having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or 
lower must not be constructed with general purpose resin, except for 
vessels powered by outboard engines with portable fuel tanks stored in 
an open area aft, if, as determined by the cognizant OCMI, the 
arrangement does not produce an unreasonable hazard.
    (3) Cargo--Vessels carrying or intended to carry hazardous 
combustible or flammable cargo must not be constructed with general 
purpose resin.

Subpart E--Escape Requirements


Sec. 177.500  Means of escape.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, each space 
accessible to passengers or used by the crew on a regular basis, must 
have at least two means of escape, one of which must not be a 
watertight door.
    (b) The two required means of escape must be widely separated and, 
if possible, at opposite ends or sides of the space to minimize the 
possibility of one incident blocking both escapes.
    (c) Subject to the restrictions of this section, means of escape 
may include normal exits and emergency exits, passageways, stairways, 
ladders, deck scuttles, and windows.
    (d) The number and dimensions of the means of escape from each 
space must be sufficient for rapid evacuation in an emergency for the 
number of persons served. In determining the number of persons served, 
a space must be considered to contain at least the number of persons as 
follows:
    (1) Passenger overnight accommodation spaces: Designed capacity;
    (2) Accommodation spaces having fixed seating for passengers: 
Maximum seating capacity;
    (3) Public spaces, including spaces such as casinos, restaurants, 
club rooms, and cinemas, and public accommodation spaces as defined in 
Sec. 175.400 of this subchapter, except overnight accommodation spaces: 
One person may be permitted for each 0.9 square meters (10 square) feet 
of deck area. In computing such deck area, the following areas must be 
excluded:
    (i) Areas for which the number of persons permitted is determined 
using the fixed seating criterion;
    (ii) Obstructions, including stairway and elevator enclosures, 
elevated stages, bars, and cashier stands, but not including slot 
machines, tables, or other room furnishings;
    (iii) Toilets and washrooms;
    (iv) Interior passageways less than 860 millimeters (34 inches) 
wide and passageways on open deck less than 710 millimeters (28 inches) 
wide;
    (v) Spaces necessary for handling lifesaving equipment, anchor 
handling equipment, or line handling gear, or in way of sail booms or 
running rigging; and
    (vi) Bow pulpits, swimming platforms, and areas that do not have a 
solid deck, such as netting on multi hull vessels;
    (4) Crew overnight accommodation spaces: Two-thirds designed 
capacity; and
    (5) Work spaces: Occupancy under normal operating conditions.
    (e) The dimensions of a means of escape must be such as to allow 
easy movement of persons when wearing life jackets. There must be no 
protrusions in means of escape that could cause injury, ensnare 
clothing, or damage life jackets.
    (f) The minimum clear opening of a door or passageway used as a 
means of escape must not be less than 810 millimeters (32 inches) in 
width, however, doors or passageways used solely by crew members must 
have a clear opening not less than 710 millimeters (28 inches). The sum 
of the width of all doors and passageways used as means of escape from 
a space must not be less than 8.4 millimeters (0.333 inches) multiplied 
by the number of passengers for which the space is designed.
    (g) A dead end passageway, or the equivalent, of more than 6.1 
meters (20 feet) in length is prohibited.
    (h) Each door, hatch, or scuttle, used as a means of escape, must 
be capable of being opened by one person, from either side, in both 
light and dark conditions. The method of opening a means of escape must 
be obvious, rapid, and of adequate strength. Handles and securing 
devices must be permanently installed and not capable of being easily 
removed. A door, hatch or scuttle must open towards the expected 
direction of escape from the space served.
    (i) A means of escape which is not readily apparent to a person 
from both inside and outside the space must be adequately marked in 
accordance with Sec. 185.606 of this chapter.
    (j) A ladder leading to a deck scuttle may not be used as a means 
of escape except:
    (1) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
vertical ladder and a deck scuttle may be used as not more than one of 
the means of escape from passenger accommodation space; and
    (2) As not more than one of the means of escape from any crew 
accommodation space or work space.
    (h) Each ladder used as a means of escape must be mounted at least 
180 millimeters (7 inches) from the nearest permanent object in back of 
the ladder. Rungs must be:
    (l) At least 405 millimeters (16 inches) in width; and
    (2) Not more than 305 millimeters (12 inches) apart, and uniformly 
spaced for the length of the ladder with at least 114 millimeters (4.5 
inches) clearance above each rung.
    (1) When a deck scuttle serves as a means of escape, it must not be 
less than 455 millimeters (18 inches) in diameter and must be fitted 
with a quick acting release and a holdback device to hold the scuttle 
in an open position.
    (m) Footholds, handholds, ladders, and similar means provided to 
aid escape, must be suitable for use in emergency conditions, of rigid 
construction, and permanently fixed in position, unless they can be 
folded, yet brought into immediate service in an emergency.
    (n) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
window or windshield of sufficient size and proper accessibility may be 
used as one of the required means of escape from an enclosed space, 
provided it:
    (1) Does not lead directly overboard;
    (2) Can be opened or is designed to be kicked or pushed out; and
    (3) Is suitably marked.
    (o) Only one means of escape is required from a space where:
    (1) The maximum dimension (length, breadth, or depth) of a space is 
less than 3.7 meters (12 feet);
    (2) There is no stove, heater, or other source of fire in the 
space;
    (3) The means of escape is located as far as possible from a 
machinery space or fuel tank; and
    (4) If an accommodation space, the single means of escape does not 
include a deck scuttle or a ladder.

[[Page 965]]

    (p) Alternative means of escape from spaces may be provided if 
acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.

Subpart F--Ventilation


Sec. 177.600  Ventilation of enclosed and partially enclosed spaces.

    (a) An enclosed or partially enclosed space within a vessel must be 
adequately ventilated in a manner suitable for the purpose of the 
space.
    (b) A power ventilation system must be capable of being shut down 
from the pilot house.
    (c) An enclosed crew accommodation space and any other space 
occupied by a crew member on a regular basis must be ventilated by a 
power ventilation system unless natural ventilation in all ordinary 
weather conditions is satisfactory to the OCMI.
    (d) An exhaust duct over a frying vat or a grill must be of at 
least 11 U.S. Standard Gauge steel.
    (e) Combustibles and other foreign materials are not allowed within 
ventilation ducts. However, metal piping and electrical wiring 
installed in a metal protective enclosure may be installed within 
ventilation ducts, provided that the piping or the wiring does not 
interfere with the operation of fire dampers. Electrical wiring and 
piping may not be installed in an exhaust duct over a frying vat or 
grill.


Sec. 177.620  Ventilation of machinery and fuel tank spaces.

    In addition to the requirements of this subpart, ventilation 
systems for spaces containing machinery or fuel tanks must comply with 
the requirements of Part 182 of this chapter.

Subpart G--Crew Spaces


Sec. 177.700  General requirements.

    (a) A crew accommodation space and a work space must be of 
sufficient size, adequate construction, and with suitable equipment to 
provide for the safe operation of the vessel and the protection and 
accommodation of the crew in a manner practicable for the size, 
facilities, service, route, speed, and modes of operation of the 
vessel.
    (b) The deck above a crew accommodation space must be located above 
the deepest load waterline.


Sec. 177.710  Overnight accommodations.

    Overnigt accommodations must be provided for all crew members if 
the vessel is operated more than 12 hours in a 24 hour period, unless 
the crew is put ashore and the vessel is provided with a new crew.

Subpart H--Passenger Accommodations  Sec. 177.800  General 
requirements.

    (a) All passenger accommodations must be arranged and equipped to 
provide for the safety of the passengers in consideration of the route, 
modes of operation, and speed of the vessel.
    (b) The height of ceilings in a passenger accommodation space, 
including aisles and passageways, must be at least 1,880 millimeters 
(74 inches), but may be reduced at the sides of a space to allow the 
camber, wiring, ventilation ducts, and piping.
    (c) A passenger accommodation space must be maintained to minimize 
fire and safety hazards and to preserve sanitary conditions. Aisles 
must be kept clear of obstructions.
    (d) A passenger accommodation space must not contain:
    (1) Electrical generation equipment or transformers, high 
temperature parts, pipelines, rotating assemblies, or any other item 
that could injure a passenger, unless such an item is adequately 
shielded or isolated; and
    (2) A control for operating the vessel, unless the control is so 
protected and located that operation of the vessel by a crew member 
will not be impeded by a passenger during normal or emergency 
operations.
    (e) The deck above a passenger accommodation space must be located 
above the deepest load waterline.
    (f) A variation from a requirement of this subpart may be 
authorized by the cognizant OCMI for an unusual arrangement or design 
provided there is no significant reduction of space, accessibility, 
safety, or sanitation.


Sec. 177.810  Overnight accommodations.

    (a) A berth must be provided for each passenger authorized to be 
carried in overnight accommodation spaces. Each berth must measure at 
least 1,880 millimeters (74 inches) by 610 millimeters (24 inches) and 
have at least 610 millimeters (24 inches) of clear space above.
    (b) Berths must not be located more than three high and must be 
constructed of wood, fiber reinforced plastic, or metal. A berth 
located more than 1520 millimeters (60 inches) above the deck must be 
fitted with a suitable aid for access.
    (c) The Construction and arrangement of berths and other furniture 
must allow free and unobstructed access to each berth. Each berth must 
be immediately adjacent to an aisle leading to a means of escape from 
the accommodation space. An aisle alongside a berth must be at least 
610 millimeters (24 inches) wide. An aisle joining two or more aisles 
in an overnight accommodation space must be at least 1,060 millimeters 
(42 inches) wide.


Sec. 177.820  Seating.

    (a) A seat must be provided for each passenger permitted in a space 
for which the fixed seating criterion in Sec. 176.113(b)(3) of this 
subchapter has been used to determine the number of passengers 
permitted.
    (b) A seat must be constructed to minimize the possibility of 
injury and avoid trapping occupants.
    (c) Installation of seats must provide for ready escape.
    (d) Seats, including fixed, temporary, or portable seats, must be 
arranged as follows:
    (1) An aisle of not more than 3.8 meters (15 feet) in overall 
length must be not less than 610 millimeters (24 inches) in width.
    (2) An aisle of more than 3.8 meters (15 feet) in overall length 
must be not less than 760 millimeters (30 inches) in width.
    (3) Where seats are in rows, the distance from seat front to seat 
front must be not less than 760 millimeters (30 inches) and the seats 
must be secured to a deck or bulkhead.
    (4) Seats used to determine the number of passengers permitted, in 
accordance with Sec. 176.113(b)(3) of this chapter, must be secured to 
the deck, bulkhead, or bulwark.

Subpart I--Rails and Guards


Sec. 177.900  Deck rails.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, rails or 
equivalent protection must be installed near the periphery of all decks 
of a vessel accessible to passengers or crew. Equivalent protection may 
include lifelines, wire rope, chains, and bulwarks, which provide 
strength and support equivalent to fixed rails. Deck rails must include 
a top rail with the minimum height required by this section, and lower 
courses or equivalent protection as required by this section.
    (b) Deck rails must be designed and constructed to withstand a 
point load of 91 kilograms (200 pounds) applied at any point in any 
direction, and a uniform load of 74 kilograms per meter (50 pounds per 
foot) applied to the top rail in any direction. The point and uniform 
loads do not need to be applied simultaneously.
    (c) Where space limitations make deck rails impractical for areas 
designed for crew use only, such as at narrow catwalks in way of 
deckhouse sides, hand grabs may be substituted.

[[Page 966]]

    (d) The height of top rails required by paragraph (a) of this 
section must be as follows:
    (1) Rails on passenger decks of a ferry or a vessel engaged in 
excursion trips, including but not limited to sightseeing trips, dinner 
and party cruises, and overnight cruises, must be at least 1,000 
millimeters (39.5 inches) high.
    (2) Rails on a vessel subject to the 1966 International Convention 
on Load Lines must be at least 1,000 millimeters (39.5 inches) high.
    (3) All other rails must be at least 910 millimeters (36 inches) 
high.
    (4) While engaged in big game angling, the minimum rail height may 
be reduced to not less than 760 millimeters (30 inches) in way of a 
person using specialized angling techniques or equipment, such as when 
using a pedestal mounted fixed fighting chair on a low freeboard 
vessel, if it can be shown that a higher rail would interfere with the 
fishing operation and the lower rail would not significantly reduce 
safety. A rail complying with the requirements of paragraphs (d)(1), 
(2), or (3) of this section as applicable must be installed when big 
game angling is not being conducted.
    (e) Where the principal business of the vessel requires the 
discharge of persons or cargo in a seaway, such as on pilot boats and 
dive boats, the cognizant OCMI may accept alternatives to the rails 
required in paragraphs (d)(1), (2), and (3) of this section for those 
areas of a deck where passengers or cargo are discharged and for which 
removable rails, lifelines, or chains would hinder discharge 
operations.
    (f) A sailing vessel, an open boat, or any other vessel not 
specifically covered elsewhere in this section, must have rails of a 
minimum height or equivalent protection as considered necessary by the 
cognizant OCMI, based on the vessel's operation, route, and seating 
arrangement.
    (g) Rail courses or the equivalent must be installed between a top 
rail required by paragraph (a) of this section, and the deck so that no 
open space exists that is more than 305 millimeters (12 inches) high 
except:
    (1) On passenger decks of a ferry or of a vessel on an excursion 
trip the following must be installed:
    (i) Bulwarks;
    (ii) Chain link fencing or wire mesh that has openings of not more 
than 4 inches in diameter; or
    (iii) Bars, slats, rail courses, or an equivalent spaced at 
intervals of not more than 100 millimeters (4 inches).
    (2) On a vessel subject to the 1966 International Convention on 
Load Lines, rail courses, or an equivalent, must be installed so that 
there is not an open space higher than 230 millimeters (9 inches) from 
the deck to the first rail course or equivalent.
    (h) Rails must be permanently installed except that the following 
rails may be removable;
    (1) Rails in way of embarkation stations and boarding locations;
    (2) Rails over 760 millimeters (30 inches) high in way of fishing 
seats addressed by paragraph (d)(4) of this section; and
    (3) Rails on a vessel when the service of the vessel is routinely 
changed, as determined by the cognizant OCMI, and the required top rail 
height varies depending on the service of the vessel at a particular 
time.


Sec. 177.920  Storm rails.

    Suitable storm rails or hand grabs must be installed where 
necessary in passageways, at deckhouse sides, and at ladders and 
hatches.


Sec. 177.940  Guards in vehicle spaces.

    On a vessel authorized to carry one or more vehicles, suitable 
chains, cables, or other barriers must be installed at the end of each 
vehicle runway. In addition, temporary rails or equivalent protection 
must be installed in way of each vehicle ramp, in compliance with 
Sec. 177.900, when the vessel is underway.


Sec. 177.960  Guards for exposed hazards.

    An exposed hazard, such as gears or rotating machinery, must be 
properly protected by a cover, guard, or rail.


Sec. 177.970  Protection against hot piping.

    Piping, including valves, pipe fittings and flanges, conveying 
vapor, gas, or liquid, the temperature of which exceeds 65.5 deg. C 
(150 deg. F), must be suitably insulated where necessary to prevent 
injuries.

Subpart J--Window Construction and Visibility


Sec. 177.1010  Safety glazing materials.

    Class and other glazing material used in windows accessible to 
passengers and crew must be of material that will not break into 
dangerous fragments if fractured.


Sec. 177.1020  Strength.

    Each window, port hole, and its means of attachment to the hull or 
deck house, must be capable of withstanding the maximum load from wave 
and wind conditions expected due to its location on the vessel and the 
authorized route of the vessel.


Sec. 177.1030  Operating station visibility.

    (a) Windows and other openings at the operating station must be of 
sufficient size and properly located to provide an adequate view for 
safe navigation in all operating conditions.
    (b) Glass or other glazing material used in windows at the 
operating station must have a light transmission of not less than 70 
percent according to Test 2 of American National Standards Institute 
(ANSI) Z 26.1 ``Safety Glazing Materials For Motor Vehicles Operating 
on Land Highways,'' and must comply with Test 15 of ANSI Z 26.1 for 
Class I Optical Deviation.

PART 178--INTACT STABILITY AND SEAWORTHINESS

Subpart A--General Provision

Sec.
1178.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Stability Instructions for Operating Personnel

178.210  Stability information.
178.220  Stability booklet.
178.230  Stability letter or Certificate of Inspection stability 
details.

Subpart C--Intact Stability Standard

178.310  Applicability based on length and passenger capacity.
178.320  Intact stability requirements.
178.325  Intact stability requirements for a sailing vessel.
178.330  Simplified stability proof test.
178.340  Stability standards for pontoon vessels on protected 
waters.

Subpart D--Drainage of Weather Deck

178.410  Drainage of flush deck vessels.
178.420  Drainage of cockpit vessels.
178.430  Drainage of well deck vessels.
178.440  Drainage of open boats.
178.450  Calculation of drainage area of cockpit and well deck 
vessels.

Subpart E--Special Installations

178.510  Ballast.

    Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1333; 46 U.S. 2103, 3306, 3703; E.O. 12234, 
45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 178.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    An existing vessel must comply with the intact stability and 
seaworthiness regulations which were applicable to the vessel on March 
10, 1996, or, as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the 
regulations in this part.

Subpart B--Stability Instructions for Operating Personnel


Sec. 178.210  Stability Information.

    (a) Stability information (stability details indicated on the 
Certificate of Inspection, a stability letter, or a stability booklet) 
is required on certain vessels by paragraphs (b) or (c) of this 
section. Enough stability information, including stability calculations 
and 

[[Page 967]]
assumptions made to use them, must be provided to allow the master to 
be able to determine operating guidelines, loading restrictions, and 
ensure compliance with the applicable intact and damage stability 
regulations of this chapter.
    (b) A vessel which, under Sec. 178.310, must comply with 
requirements in subchapter S of this chapter, must have stability 
details on the vessel's Certificate of Inspection, a stability letter 
issued by the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) or 
the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center, or an approved stability 
booklet. The form in which the stability information must be contained 
(i.e., stability details on the Certificate of Inspection, a stability 
letter, or a stability booklet) will be determined by the Commanding 
Officer, Marine Safety Center.
    (c) When necessary for safe operation, the cognizant OCMI may place 
specific stability restrictions in a stability letter or on the 
Certificate of Inspection of a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 
feet) in length, which, under Sec. 178.310 of this part, must comply 
with the requirements of Sec. 178.320 of this part.


Sec. 178.220  Stability booklet.

    When the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center determines, in 
accordance with Sec. 178.210(b), that a vessel must have a stability 
booklet, the owner or operator must prepare the booklet in accordance 
with subchapter S of this chapter, and submit it to the Commanding 
Officer, Marine Safety Center.


Sec. 178.230  Stability letter or Certificate of Inspection stability 
details.

    (a) When the cognizant OCMI or the Commanding Officer, Marine 
Safety Center determines, in accordance with Sec. 178.210, that a 
vessel must have stability details indicated on its Certificate of 
Inspection or a stability letter, the owner or operator must submit the 
information listed in paragraph (b) of this section:
    (1) If Sec. 178.210(c) is applicable, to the OCMI for approval; or
    (2) If Sec. 178.210(b) is applicable, to the Commanding Officer, 
Marine Safety Center for approval.
    (b) The following applicable information, and the necessary 
calculations used to determine that information, must be submitted as 
required by paragraph (a) of this section:
    (1) Allowable number of passengers and crew on each deck;
    (2) Deepest waterline drafts or freeboard;
    (3) Location of watertight bulkheads and openings in watertight 
bulkheads;
    (4) Explanation of the vessel's subdivision and specific 
identification of the vessel's subdivision bulkheads;
    (5) Location of openings through watertight bulkheads, such as 
watertight doors, which must be closed to limit flooding in an 
emergency;
    (6) Location, type and amount of fixed ballast;
    (7) Location and details of foam flotation material; and
    (8) Maximum weight of portable equipment permitted on the vessel 
including diving equipment.

Subpart C--Intact Stability Standards


Sec. 178.310  Applicability based on length and passenger capacity.

    (a) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
meet the applicable requirements of Secs. 178.320 or 178.325, or of 
Sec. Sec. 170.170, 170.173, and 171.050 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, if:
    (1) Carrying not more than 150 passengers on a domestic voyage;
    (2) Carrying not more than 12 passengers on an international 
voyage; or
    (3) It has not more than one deck above the bulkhead deck, 
exclusive of a pilot house.
    (b) The following vessels must meet the appropriate requirements of 
Secs. 170.170, 170.173, 171.050, 171.055, ad 171.057 in subchapter S of 
this chapter;
    (1) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length;
    (2) A vessel carrying more than 12 passengers on an international 
voyage; and
    (3) A vessel with more than 1 deck above the bulkhead deck 
exclusive of a pilot house.


Sec. 178.320  Intact stability requirements.

    (a) A vessel, except a pontoon vessel operating on protected 
waters, must undergo a simplified stability proof test in accordance 
with Sec. 178.330 of this part in the presence of a Coast Guard marine 
inspector.
    (b) A pontoon vessel operating on protected waters must undergo a 
simplified stability proof test in accordance with Sec. 178.340 of this 
part in the presence of a Coast Guard marine inspector.
    (c) The cognizant OCMI may dispense with the simplified stability 
proof test in Sec. 178.330 for a vessel carrying not more than 49 
passengers where it can be established that, due to the form, 
arrangement, construction, number of decks, route, and operating 
restrictions of the vessel, the vessel's stability can be safely 
determined without such a test. Vessels which carry deck cargo must 
undergo a simplified stability proof test.
    (d) A vessel whose stability is questioned by the cognizant OCMI 
must be shown by design calculations to meet the applicable stability 
criteria of Secs. 170.170, 170.173, and 171.050 in subchapter S of this 
chapter in each condition of leading and operation.
    (e) A simplified stability proof test in accordance with 
Sec. 178.330 is conducted to determine if a vessel, as built and 
operated, has a minimum level of initial stability. Failure of the 
simplified test does not necessarily mean that the vessel lacks 
stability for the intended route, service, and operating condition, but 
that calculations or other methods must be used to evaluate the 
stability of the vessel.


Sec. 178.325  Intact stability requirements for a sailing vessel.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c) and (e) of this 
section, each sailing vessel must undergo a simplified stability proof 
test in accordance with Sec. 178.330 of this part in the presence of a 
Coast Guard marine inspector.
    (b) Each of the following sailing vessels must meet the intact 
stability standards of Secs. 170.170 and 171.055 in subchapter S of 
this chapter:
    (1) A vessel to be operated on exposed waters;
    (2) A vessel to be operated during non-daylight hours;
    (3) A vessel of unusual type, rig, or hull form, including vessels 
without a weathertight deck, such as open boats;
    (4) A vessel that carries more than 49 passengers;
    (5) A sailing school vessel that carries a combined total of six or 
more sailing school students or instructors;
    (6) A vessel on which downflooding occurs at angles of 60 deg. or 
less; and
    (7) A vessel which has a cockpit longer than Length Over Deck 
(LOD)/5.
    (c) A catamaran must meet the intact stability requirements of 
Sec. 171.057 in subchapter S of this chapter while under sail as well 
as the intact stability requirements of Sec. 170.170 in subchapter S of 
this chapter or Sec. 178.320 under barepoles (if an auxiliary sailing 
vessel) and with storm sails set and trimmed flat (if a sailing 
vessel).
    (d) A sailing vessel that is not listed in paragraph (b) or (c) of 
this section and operates on partially protected waters must be 
equipped with a self-bailing cockpit.
    (e) The cognizant OCMI may perform operational tests to determine 
whether the vessel has adequate stability and satisfactory handling 
characteristics under sail for protected waters or partially protected 
waters, in lieu of 

[[Page 968]]
conducting a simplified stability proof test.
    (f) Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center, may prescribe 
additional or different stability requirements for a broad, shallow 
draft vessel with little or no ballast outside the hull.


Sec. 178.330  Simplified stability proof test.

    (a) A vessel must be in the condition specified in this paragraph 
when a simplified stability proof test is performed.
    (1) The construction of the vessel must be complete in all 
respects.
    (2) Ballast, if necessary, must be in compliance with Sec. 178.510 
and must be on board and in place.
    (3) Each fuel and water tank must be approximately three-quarters 
full.
    (4) A weight equal to the total weight of all passengers, crew, and 
other loads permitted on the vessel must be on board and distributed so 
as to provide normal operating trim and to simulate the vertical center 
of gravity causing the least stable condition that is likely to occur 
in service. Unless otherwise specified, weight and vertical center of 
gravity is assumed to be as follows:
    (i) The weight of primary lifesaving equipment should be simulated 
at its normal location, if not on board at the time of the test;
    (ii) The weight of one person is considered to be 72.6 kilograms 
(160 pounds) except the weight of one person is considered to be 63.5 
kilograms (140 pounds) if the vessel operates exclusively on protected 
waters and the passenger load consists of men, women, and children;
    (iii) The vertical center for the simulated weight of passengers, 
crew, and other loads must be at least 760 millimeters (2.5 feet) above 
the deck; and
    (iv) If the vessel carries passengers on diving excursions, the 
total weight of diving gear must be included in the loaded condition as 
follows:
    (A) The total weight of individual diving gear for each passenger 
carried is assumed to be 36 kilograms (80 pounds), which includes the 
weight of scuba tanks, harness, regulator, weight belt, wet suit, mask, 
and other personal diving equipment; and
    (B) The weight of any air compressors carried.
    (5) All non-return closures on cockpit scuppers or on weather deck 
drains must be kept open during the test.
    (b) A vessel must not exceed the limitations in paragraph (f) of 
this section, when subjected to the greater of the following heeling 
moments:

Mp = (W) (Bp)/6; or
Mw = (P) (A) (H)

where:

Mp = passenger heeling moment in kilogram-meters (foot-pounds);
W = the total passenger weight using 72.6 kilograms (160 pounds) per 
passenger, or, if the vessel operates exclusively on protected waters 
and the passenger load consists of men, women, and children, 63.5 
kilograms (140 pounds) per passenger may be used;
Bp = the maximum transverse distance in meters (feet) of a deck 
that is accessible to passengers;
Mw = wind heeling moment in kilogram-meters (foot-pounds);
P = wind pressure of:
    (1) 36.6 kilograms/square meter (7.5 pounds/square foot) for 
operation on protected waters;
    (2) 48.8 kilogram/square meter (10.0 pounds/square foot) for 
operation on partially protected waters; or
    (3) 73.3 kilograms/square meter (15.0 pounds/square foot) for 
operation on exposed waters;
A = area, in square meters (square feet), of the projected lateral 
surface of the vessel above the waterline (including each projected 
area of the hull, superstructure and area bounded by railings and 
structural canopies). For sailing vessels this is the bare poles area, 
or, if the vessel has no auxiliary power, with storm sails set; and
H = height, in meters (feet), of the center of area (A) above the 
waterline, measured up from the waterline.

    (c) For sailing vessels the heeling moment used for this test must 
be the greater of the following:
    (1) Passenger heeling moment from paragraph (b) of this section.
    (2) Wind heeling moment from paragraph (b) of this section.
    (3) Wind heeling moment calculated from the wind heeling moment 
equation in paragraph (b) of this section, where:

Mw = wind heeling moment in kilogram-meters (foot-pounds);
P=4.9 kilograms/square meter (1.0 pounds/square foot) for both 
protected and partially protected waters.
A=the windage area of the vessel in square meters (square feet) with 
all sails set and trimmed flat;
H=height, in meters (feet), of the center of effort of area (A) above 
the waterline, measured up from the waterline; and

    (d) A vessel must not exceed the following limits of heel:
    (1) On a flush deck vessel, not more than one-half of the freeboard 
may be immersed.
    (2) On a well deck vessel, not more than one-half of the freeboard 
may be immersed, except that, on a well deck vessel that operates on 
protected waters and has non-return scuppers or freeing ports, the full 
freeboard may be immersed if the full freebound is not more than one-
quarter of the distance from the waterline to the gunwale.
    (3) On a cockpit vessel, the maximum allowable immersion is 
calculated from the following equation:
    (i) On exposed waters--

i=f(2L-1.5L)/4L

    (ii) On protected or partially protected waters--

i=f(2L-L)/4L

where:

i=maximum allowable immersion in meters (feet);
f=freeboard in meters (feet);
L=length of the weather deck, in meters (feet); and
L \1\=length of cockpit in meters (feet).

    (4) On an open boat, not more than one quarter of the freeboard may 
be immersed.
    (5) On a flush deck sailing vessel, the full freeboard may be 
immersed.
    (6) In no case may the angle of heel exceed 14 degrees.
    (e) The limits of heel must be measured at:
    (1) The point of minimum freeboard; or
    (2) At a point three-quarters of the vessel's length from the bow 
if the point of minimum freeboard is aft of this point.
    (f) When demonstrating compliance with paragraph (d) of this 
section, the freeboard must be measured as follows:
    (1) For a flush deck or well deck vessel, the freeboard must be 
measured to the top of the weatherdeck at the side of the vessel; and
    (2) For a cockpit vessel or for an open boat, the freeboard must be 
measured to the top of the gunwale.
    (g) A ferry must also be tested in a manner acceptable to the 
cognizant OCMI to determine whether the trim or heel during loading or 
unloading will submerge the deck edge. A ferry passes this test if, 
with the total number of passengers and the maximum vehicle weight 
permitted on board, the deck edge is not submerged during loading or 
unloading of the vessel.


Sec. 178.340  Stability standards for pontoon vessels on protected 
waters.

    (a) The portion of the deck accessible to passengers on a pontoon 
vessel must not extend beyond the outboard edge of either pontoon, nor 
beyond the forward or aft ends of the pontoons.
    (b) A pontoon vessel that has more than 2 pontoons or has decks 
higher than 150 milimeters (6 inches) above the 

[[Page 969]]
pontoons must meet a stability standard acceptable to the Commanding 
Officer, Marine Safety Center.
    (c) A pontoon vessel must be in the condition described in 
Sec. 178.330(c) of this part when the simplified stability proof test 
is performed, except that the simulated load of passengers, crew, and 
other weights is initially centered on the vessel so that trim and heel 
are minimized.
    (d) A pontoon vessel has the minimum acceptable level of initial 
stability if it meets the following:
    (1) With the simulated load located at the extreme outboard 
position of the deck on the side with the least initial freeboard, the 
remaining exposed cross sectional area of the pontoon on that side must 
be equal to or greater than the cross sectional area submerged due to 
the load shift, as indicated in Figure 178.340(d)(1); and

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BILLING CODE 4910-14-C
    (2) With the simulated load located on the centerline at the 
extreme fore or aft end of the deck, whichever position is further from 
the initial position of the load, the top of the pontoon must not be 
submerged at any location, as indicated in Figure 178.340(d)(2).

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[[Page 970]]
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BILLING CODE 4910-14-C

Subpart D--Drainage of Weather Decks


Sec. 178.410  Drainage of flush deck vessels.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the 
weather deck on a flush deck must be watertight and have no obstruction 
to overboard drainage.
    (b) Each flush deck vessel may have solid bulwarks in the forward 
one-third length of the vessel if:
    (1) The bulwarks do not form a well enclosed on all sides; and
    (2) The foredeck of the vessel has sufficient sheer to ensure 
drainage aft.


Sec. 178.420  Drainage of cockpit vessels.

    (a) Except as follows, the cockpit on a cockpit vessel may be 
watertight:
    (1) A cockpit may have companionways if the companionway openings 
have watertight doors, or weathertight doors and coamings which meet 
Sec. 179.360 of this subchapter.
    (2) A cockpit may have ventilation openings along its inner 
periphery if the vessel operates only on protected or partially 
protected waters.
    (b) The cockpit deck of a cockpit vessel that operates on exposed 
or partially protected waters must be at least 255 millimeters (10 
inches) above the deepest load waterline unless the vessel complies 
with:
    (1) The intact stability requirements of Secs. 170.170, 170.173, 
171.050, 171.055, and 171.057 in subchapter S of this chapter;
    (2) The Type II subdivision requirements in Secs. 171.070, 171.072, 
and 171.073 in subchapter S of this chapter; and
    (3) The damage stability requirements in Sec. 171.080 in subchapter 
S of this chapter.
    (c) The cockpit deck of a cockpit vessel that does not operate on 
exposed or partially protected waters must be located as high above the 
deepest load waterline as practicable.
    (d) The cockpit must be self-bailing. Scuppers or freeing ports for 
the cockpit deck of a cockpit vessel must:
    (1) Be located to allow rapid clearing of water in all probable 
conditions of list and trim;
    (2) Have a combined drainage area of at least the area required by 
Sec. 178.450 of this part; and
    (3) If the deck is less than 255 millimeters (10 inches) above the 
deepest load waterline of the vessel, be fitted with non-return 
devices.


Sec. 178.430  Drainage of well deck vessels.

    (a) The weather deck on a well deck vessel must be watertight.
    (b) The area required on a well deck vessel for drainage of well 
formed by the bulwarks shall be determined by Sec. 178.450.
    (c) The freeing ports or scuppers on a well deck vessel must be 
located to allow rapid clearing of water in all probable conditions of 
list and trim.
    (d) The deck of well deck vessel that operates on exposed or 
partially protected waters must be at least 255 millimeters (10 inches) 
above the deepest load waterline unless the vessel complies with:
    (1) The intact stability requirements of Secs. 170.170, 170.173, 
171.050, 171.055, and 171.057 in subchapter S of this chapter;
    (2) The Type II subdivision requirements in Secs. 171.070, 171.072, 
and 171.073 in subchapter S of this chapter; and
    (3) The damage stability requirements in Sec. 171.080 in subchapter 
S of this chapter.


Sec. 178.440  Drainage of open boats.

    The deck within the hull of an open boat must drain to the bilge. 
Overboard drainage of the deck is not permitted.

[[Page 971]]



Sec. 178.450  Calculation of drainage area for cockpit and well deck 
vessels.

    (a) The drainage area required on a vessel must be computed using 
the following formula:

For protected waters required drainage=.1 x Basic Drainage
For partially protected waters required drainage=.5 x Basis Drainage
For exposed waters required drainage=Basic Drainage

where:

Basic Drainage area in centimeters 2=4389.12 x [(Recess 
Volume x Recess Ratio)+(Weather Deck Volume x Weather Deck Ratio)]; or
Basic Drainage area in inch 2=(Recess Volume x Recess 
Ratio)+(Weather Deck Volume x Weather Deck Ratio)
Recess Volume=(BR x DR)-VR

    BR=average height in centimeters (feet) of the bulwark above 
the well deck or cockpit deck;
    DR=total deck area of the cockpit or well deck in the after 
\2/3\ of the vessel length (LOD) measured in centimeters 2 (feet 
2).
    VR=volume of any weather tight structure below the bulwark of 
the well deck or cockpit deck.
Recess Ratio=LR/LC

    LR=the length of the recess in the after \2/3\ vessel length 
(LOD).

Weather Deck Volume=(BD x DD)-VS

    BD=average height in centimeters (feet) of the bulwark above 
the weather deck;
    DD=total deck area of the weather deck adjacent to bulwarks 
but not in way of the cockpit or well deck in the after \2/3\ of the 
vessel length (LOD) measured in centimenters 2 (feet 2).
    VS=volume of any weather tight superstructure below the 
bulwark on the weather deck located within DD.

Weather Deck Ratio=LD/LC

    LD=the length of the weather deck bulwark in the after \2/3\ 
of the vessel length (LOD).
    LC=\2/3\ vessel length (LOD).

    (b) Vessels with bulwarks in the forward part of the vessel shall 
not form a well with the deckhouse which retains water.

Subpart E--Special Installations


Sec. 178.510  Ballast.

    (a) Any solid fixed ballast used to comply with the requirements of 
Parts 170, 171, 178, and 179 of this chapter must be:
    (1) Stowed in a manner that prevents shifting of the ballast; and
    (2) Installed to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.
    (b) Solid fixed ballast may not be located forward of the collision 
bulkhead unless the installation and arrangement of the ballast and the 
collision bulkhead minimizes the risk of the ballast penetrating the 
bulkhead in a collision.
    (c) Solid fixed ballast may not be removed from a vessel or 
relocated unless approved by the cognizant OCMI except that ballast may 
be temporarily moved for a vessel examination or repair if it is 
replaced to the satisfaction of the OCMI.
    (d) Water ballast, either as an active system or permanent, must be 
approved by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center.

PART 179--SUBDIVISION, DAMAGE STABILITY AND WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY 
REQUIREMENTS

Subpart A--General Provision

Sec.
179.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Subdivision and Damage Stability Requirements

179.210  Collision bulkhead.
179.212  Watertight bulkheads for subdivision.
179.220  Location of watertight bulkheads for subdivision.
179.230  Damage stability requirements.
179.240  Foam flotation material.

Subpart C--Watertight Integrity Requirements

179.310  Collision bulkheads.
179.320  Watertight bulkheads.
179.330  Watertight doors.
179.340  Trunks.
179.350  Openings in the side of a vessel below the bulkhead or 
weather deck.
179.360  Watertight integrity.

    Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1333; 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 3703; E.O. 
12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR 1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 179.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    An existing vessel must comply with the subdivision, damage 
stability, and watertight integrity regulations which were applicable 
to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, as an alternative, the vessel may 
comply with the regulations in this part.

Subpart B--Subdivision and Damage Stability Requirements


Sec. 179.210  Collision bulkhead.

    (a) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have 
a collision bulkhead.
    (b) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
have a collision bulkhead if it:
    (1) Carries more than 49 passengers;
    (2) Operates on exposed waters;
    (3) Is of more than 12.2 meters (40 feet) in length and operates on 
partially protected waters; or
    (4) Is constructed of wood on or after March 11, 2001, and operates 
in cold water.
    (c) A double-ended ferry required to have a collision bulkhead must 
have a collision bulkhead at each end of the vessel.


Sec. 179.212  Watertight bulkheads for subdivision.

    (a) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
comply with Sec. 179.220 of this part if it:
    (1) Carries more than 49 passengers; or
    (2) Is constructed of wood on or after March 11, 2001, and operates 
in cold water.
    As an alternative, the above vessels may comply with the intact 
stability requirements of Secs. 170.170, 170.173, 171.050 and 171.055 
of this chapter, and comply with the Type II subdivision requirements 
of Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 in subchapter S of this chapter.
    (b) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
comply with the Type II subdivision requirements of Secs. 171.070 
through 171.073 in subchapter S of this chapter.
    (c) A vessel that carries more than 12 passengers on an 
international voyage must meet the Type II subdivision requirements of 
Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 in subchapter S of this chapter.


Sec. 179.220  Location of watertight bulkheads for subdivision.

    (a) The maximum distance between adjacent main transverse 
watertight bulkheads on a vessel, required by Sec. 179.212(a) of this 
part to comply with this section, must not be more than the smaller of 
the following:
    (1) One third of the length of the bulkhead deck; or
    (2) The distance given by the following equation:
    [GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TR10JA96.009
    
where:

d=the maximum length of the bulkhead deck in meters (feet) between 
adjacent main transverse watertight bulkheads;
F=the floodable length factor from Table 179.220(a);
f=the effective freeboard in meters (feet) calculated for each pair of 
adjacent bulkheads in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section;
L=Length Over Deck in meters (feet) measured over the bulkhead deck; 
and

[[Page 972]]

D=the depth in meters (feet), measured amidships at a point one-quarter 
of the maximum beam out from the centerline, from the inside of the 
bottom planking or plating to the level of the top of the bulkhead deck 
at side as shown in Figure 179.220(a).

          Table 179.220(a).--Table of Floodable Length Factors          
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (d/L) x 100                               F                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0-15...............................                      0.33           
20.................................                      0.34           
25.................................                      0.36           
30.................................                      0.38           
35.................................                      0.43           
40.................................                      0.48           
45.................................                      0.54           
50.................................                      0.61           
55.................................                      0.63           
60.................................                      0.58           
65.................................                      0.53           
70.................................                      0.48           
75.................................                      0.44           
80.................................                      0.40           
85.................................                      0.37           
90-100.............................                      0.34           
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note 1: Where: d=distance in meters (feet) from the mid0point of the    
  compartment to the forward-most point on the bulkhead deck excluding  
  sheer; and L=length over deck in meters (feet) measured over the      
  bulkhead deck.                                                        
Note 2: Intermediate values of floodable length factor may be obtained  
  by interpolation.                                                     


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BILLING CODE 4910-14-C
    (b) The effective freeboard for each compartment is calculated by 
the following equation:

f=(a+b)/2

where:

f=the effective freeboard in meters (feet).
a=the freeboard in meters (feet) measured:


[[Page 973]]

    (1) At the forward main transverse watertight bulkhead; and
    (2) From the deepest waterline to:
    (i) The top of the bulkhead deck on a flush deck vessel; or
    (ii) If a vessel has a stepped bulkhead deck, the line shown in 
Figure 179.220(b); or
    (iii) If a vessel has an opening port light below the bulkhead 
deck, the line shown in Figure 179.220(c).

b=the freeboard in meters (feet) measured:

    (1) At the aft main transverse watertight bulkhead; and
    (2) From the deepest waterline to:
    (i) The top of the bulkhead deck on a flush deck vessel; or
    (ii) If a vessel has a stepped bulkhead deck, the line shown in 
Figure 1 to Sec. 179.220(b); or

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[[Page 974]]
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BILLING CODE 4910-14-C
    (iii) if a vessel has an opening port light below the bulkhead 
deck, the line shown in Figure 2 to Sec. 179.220(b).

BILLING CODE 4910-14-M


Sec. 179.230   Damage stability requirements.

    A vessel which, in accordance with Sec. 179.212(b), must meet the 
requirements of Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 in subchapter S of this 
chapter for Type II subdivision, shall also meet the damage stability 
requirements of Sec. 171.080 in subchapter S of this chapter.


Sec. 179.240   Foam flotation material.

    (a) Foam may only be installed as flotation material on a vessel of 
not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, when approved by the 
cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI).
    (b) If foam is installed as flotation material on a vessel, the 
owner shall ensure that the following tests are conducted and 
requirements are met, to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI:
    (1) All foam must comply with MIL-P-21929B ``Plastic Material, 
Cellular Polyurethane, Foam-in-Place, Rigid (2 and 4 pounds per cubic 
foot),'' including the requirements for fire resistance;
    (2) Foam may be installed only in void spaces that are free of 
ignition sources, unless the foam complies with the requirements of 33 
CFR 183.114;
    (3) Foam may be installed adjacent to fuel tanks only if the 
boundary between the tank and the space has double continuous fillet 
welds;
    (4) The structure enclosing the foam must be strong enough to 
accommodate the buoyancy of the foam;
    (5) Piping and cables must not pass through foamed spaces unless 
they are within piping and cable ways accessible from both ends;
    (6) Blocked foam must:
    (i) Be used in each area that may be exposed to water; and
    (ii) Have a protective cover, approved by the cognizant OCMI, to 
protect it from damage;
    (7) A water submergence test must be conducted on the foam for a 
period of at least 7 days to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the 
cognizant OCMI that the foam has adequate strength to withstand a 
hydrostatic head equivalent to that which would be imposed if the 
vessel were submerged to its bulkhead deck;
    (8) The effective buoyancy of the foam must be determined at the 
end of the submergence test required by paragraph (b)(7) of this 
section. The effective buoyancy or 881 kilograms per cubic meter (55 
pounds per cubic foot), whichever is less, must be used in determining 
the location of watertight bulkheads for subdivision required by 
Sec. 179.212; and
    (9) The owner or operator must obtain sample foam specimens during 
installation of the foam and determine the density of the installed 
foam.

Subpart C--Watertight Integrity Requirements


Sec. 179.310   Collision bulkheads.

    (a) Each collision bulkhead required by Sec. 179.210, must be 
constructed in accordance with Sec. 179.320, except that a collision 
bulkhead:
    (1) Must extend to the weather deck or to one deck above the 
bulkhead deck, 

[[Page 975]]
whichever is lower, for service on oceans or coastwise routes; and
    (2) Must not be fitted with any type of penetration or opening 
except penetrations may be made if they are located as high and as far 
inboard as practicable and they have a means to make them watertight.
    (b) The forward collision bulkhead required to be on a vessel by 
Sec. 179.210 must be:
    (1) Located at least 5 percent but not more than 15 percent of the 
length between perpendiculars (LBP) aft of the forward perpendicular, 
or for vessels with bulbous bows extending forward of the forward 
perpendicular and contributing more than 2 percent of the underwater 
volume of the vessel, located at least 5 percent but not more than 15 
percent of the LBP aft of the mid-length of such extension; and
    (2) Installed in a single plane, with no recess or step, up to the 
bulkhead deck;
    (c) The after collision bulkhead on a double-ended ferry of more 
than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must be:
    (1) At least 5 percent but not more than 15 percent of the LBP 
forward of the after perpendicular; and
    (2) Installed in a single plane, with no recess or step, at least 
up to the bulkhead deck.


Sec. 179.320   Watertight bulkheads.

    (a) Each watertight bulkhead must be of sufficient strength to be 
capable of remaining watertight with a head of water to the top of the 
bulkhead.
    (b) Each watertight bulkhead must extend to the bulkhead deck and 
be installed in one plane without steps or recesses insofar as is 
reasonable and practicable. Any steps or recesses permitted must comply 
with the applicable subdivision requirements in this subchapter.
    (c) The number of penetrations in a watertight bulkhead must be 
minimized. A penetration in a watertight bulkhead must be as high and 
as far inboard in the bulkhead as practicable, and made watertight.
    (d) Sluice valves are not permitted in watertight bulkheads.


Sec. 179.330   Watertight doors.

    (a) Hinged watertight doors are not permitted in bulkheads required 
by Secs. 179.210 or 179.212 unless the vessel will not proceed more 
than 20 nautical miles from shore and:
    (1) The door separates a machinery space from an accommodation 
space and, in the judgment of the cognizant OCMI, the door will be kept 
closed except when a person is passing through the door; or
    (2) The Commandant determines that, due to the arrangements of the 
vessel, the door will be kept closed except when a person is passing 
through the door.
    (b) A hinged watertight bulkhead door must be fitted with a quick 
action closing devise operable from both sides of the door and 
indicator lights at the operating station showing whether the door is 
open or closed.
    (c) Sliding watertight doors must meet the requirements of Part 
170, Subpart H in subchapter S of this chapter.
    (d) No more than one watertight door may be fitted in a watertight 
bulkhead, and it must be located as high and as far inboard as 
practicable.


Sec. 179.340  Trunks.

    Where a trunk (i.e., an enclosed passageway through a deck or 
bulkhead) is installed, it must comply with the requirements of 
Sec. 179.360(a)(1) and with the requirements of Sec. 171.113 in 
subchapter S of this chapter.


Sec. 179.350  Openings in the side of a vessel below the bulkhead or 
weather deck.

    (a) On a vessel operating on exposed or partially protected waters, 
an opening port light is not permitted below the weather deck unless 
the sill of the port light is at least 760 millimeters (30 inches) 
above the deepest load waterline.
    (b) A port light must have an inside, hinged dead cover regardless 
of whether the port light is or is not capable of being opened.
    (c) Except for engine exhausts, each inlet or discharge pipe that 
penetrates the hull below a line drawn parallel to and at least 150 
millimeters (6 inches) above the deepest load waterline must have means 
to prevent water from entering the vessel if the pipe fractures or 
otherwise fails.
    (d) A positive action valve or cock that is located as close as 
possible to the hull is an acceptable means for complying with 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (e) If an inlet or discharge pipe is inaccessible, the means for 
complying with paragraph (c) of this section must be a shut-off valve 
that is:
    (1) Operable from the weather deck or any other accessible location 
above the bulkhead deck; and
    (2) Labeled at the operating point for identity and direction of 
closing.
    (f) Any connecting device or valve in a hull penetration must not 
be cast iron.
    (g) Each plug cock in an inlet or discharge pipe must have a means, 
other than a cotter pin, to prevent its loosening or removal from the 
body.


Sec. 179.360  Watertight integrity.

    (a) A hatch exposed to the weather must be watertight, except that 
the following hatches may be weathertight:
    (1) A hatch on a watertight trunk that extends at least 305 
millimeters (12 inches) above the weather deck;
    (2) A hatch in a cabin top; and
    (3) A hatch on a vessel that operates only on protected waters.
    (b) A hatch cover must:
    (1) Have securing devices; and
    (2) Be attached to the hatch frame or coaming by hinges, captive 
chains, or other devices of substantial strength to prevent its loss.
    (c) A hatch cover that provides access to accommodation spaces must 
be operable from either side.
    (d) A weathertight door must be provided for each opening located 
in a deck house or companionway. Permanent watertight coamings must be 
provided as follows:
    (1) On a vessel on an exposed or partially protected route, a 
watertight coaming with a height of at least 150 millimeters (6 inches) 
must be provided under each weathertight door in a cockpit or a well, 
or on the main deck of a flush deck vessel.
    (2) On a vessel on a protected route, a watertight coaming with a 
height of at least 75 millimeters (3 inches) must be provided under 
each weathertight door in a cockpit or a well.
    (3) The height of the watertight coaming for a hinged watertight 
door need only be sufficient to accommodate the door.

PART 180--LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENTS

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
180.10  Applicability to vessels on an international voyage.
180.15  Applicability to existing vessels.
180.25  Additional requirements.

Subpart B--Emergency Communications

180.64  Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRB).
180.68  Distress flares and smoke signals.

Subpart C--Life Buoys and Life jackets

180.70  Ring life buoys.
180.71  Life jackets.
180.72  Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life 
jackets.
180.75  Life jackets lights.
180.78  Stowage of life jackets.

Subpart D--Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment

180.130  Stowage of survival craft.
180.137  Stowage of life floats and buoyant apparatus.
180.150  Survival craft embarkation arrangements.
180.175  Survival craft equipment.

[[Page 976]]


Subpart E--Number and Type of Survival Craft

180.200  Survival craft--general.
180.202  Survival craft--vessels operating on oceans routes.
180.204  Survival craft--vessels operating on coastwise routes.
180.205  Survival craft--vessels operating on limited coastwise 
routes.
180.206  Survival craft--vessels operating on Great Lakes routes.
180.207  Survival craft--vessels operating on lakes, bays, and 
sounds routes.
180.208  Survival craft--vessels operating on rivers routes.
180.210  Rescue boats.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2104, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 180.10  Applicability to vessels on an international voyage.

    A vessel on an international voyage must meet the requirements in 
subchapter W of this chapter for passenger vessels in the same service, 
instead of the requirements of this part.


Sec. 180.15  Applicability to existing vessels.

    An existing vessel must comply with the requirements of this part 
except as otherwise specified by this section.
    (a) Before March 11, 2001, or 10 years after the vessel's keel was 
laid or the vessel was at a similar stage of construction, whichever is 
later, an existing vessel may comply with the requirements in effect 
for the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, for the number and type of 
survival craft, stowage arrangements, and launching appliances for 
survival craft.
    (b) On or before March 11, 2001, or 10 years after the vessel's 
keel was laid or the vessel was at a similar stage of construction, 
whichever is later, an existing vessel must:
    (1) Be equipped with the number of survival craft required for its 
route under Secs. 180.202, 180.204, 180.205, 180.206, 180.207, or 
180.208, as applicable; and
    (2) Comply with the stowage and launching appliance requirements 
for survival craft in Secs. 180.130 through 180.150, inclusive.
    (c) A vessel that meets the following requirements shall be 
considered in compliance with the subdivision requirements contained in 
Secs. 180.202, 180.204, 180.205, 180.206, 180.207 and 180.208:
    (1) The vessel was constructed before March 11, 2001.
    (2) The vessel is of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
and carries not more than 49 passengers;
    (3) The vessel meets the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Sec. 179.310 of this chapter; and
    (4) The vessel meets the standards for one-compartment subdivision 
in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 of this chapter, at least in way of the 
engine room and lazarette.
    (d) Each inflatable liferaft, inflatable buoyant apparatus, life 
float, and buoyant apparatus on the vessel on March 11, 1996, may be 
used to meet the requirements of this part for these survival craft as 
long as the survival craft is continued in use on the vessel, and is in 
good and serviceable condition.
    (e) When any lifesaving equipment on a vessel is replaced or a 
vessel undergoes repairs, alterations, or modifications of a major 
character involving replacement of, or any addition to, the existing 
lifesaving equipment, each new piece of lifesaving equipment must meet 
this part.
    (f) A combination flare and smoke distress signal approved in 
accordance with Sec. 160.023 in subchapter Q of this chapter may be 
used on an existing vessel until the expiration date of the distress 
signal but no later than March 11, 1999, as one of the distress signals 
required by Sec. 180.68.
    (g) Until February 1, 1999, a Coast Guard approved 121.5/243 MHz 
Class A Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon (EPIRB) may be used 
to meet the requirement for an EPIRB under Sec. 180.64, if the EPIRB:
    (1) Is operable;
    (2) Is installed to automatically float-free and activate;
    (3) Was manufactured on or after October 1, 1988; and
    (4) Was installed on the vessel on or before March 11, 1996.
    (h) Until February 1, 1999, a Federal Communications Commission 
(FCC) Type Accepted VHF-FM Class C EPIRB may be used to meet the 
requirement for an EPIRB on a vessel operating on a Great Lakes route 
under Sec. 180.64, if the EPIRB:
    (1) Is operable; and
    (2) Was installed on the vessel on or before March 11, 1996.
    (i) Until March 11, 1997, an existing vessel on a limited coastwise 
route, need not comply with Sec. 180.64.
    (j) An existing vessel need not comply with Sec. 180.78(a)(4).
    (k) An existing vessel must comply with Sec. 180.210 or may comply 
with the regulations for rescue boats that were in effect for the 
vessel prior to March 11, 1996.


Sec. 180.25  Additional requirements.

    (a) Each item of lifesaving equipment carried on board a vessel but 
not required under this part, must be approved by the Commandant.
    (b) The cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) may 
require a vessel to carry specialized or additional lifesaving 
equipment if:
    (1) The OCMI determines the conditions of the voyage render the 
requirements of this part inadequate; or
    (2) The vessel is operated in Arctic, Antarctic, or other severe 
conditions not covered under this part.

Subpart B--Emergency Communications


Sec. 180.64  Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRB).

    Each vessel that operates on the high seas, or that operates beyond 
three miles from the coastline of the Great Lakes, must have on board a 
FCC Type Accepted Category 1, 406 MHz EPIRB, installed to automatically 
float free and activate.


Sec. 180.68  Distress flares and smoke signals.

    (a) Oceans, coastwise, and Great Lakes routes. A vessel on an 
oceans, coastwise, or Great Lakes route must carry:
    (1) Six hand red flare distress signals approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.021 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant; and
    (2) Six hand orange smoke distress signals approved in accordance 
with Sec. 160.037 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (b) Lakes, bays, and sounds, and rivers routes. A vessel on a 
lakes, bays, and sounds, or rivers route must carry:
    (1) Three hand red flare distress signals approved in accordance 
with Sec. 160.021 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant; and
    (2) Three hand orange smoke distress signals approved in accordance 
with Sec. 160.037 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (c) Substitutions. (1) A rocket parachute flare approved in 
accordance with Sec. 160.036 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant may be substituted for any of the 
hand red flare distress signals required under paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    (2) One of the following may be substituted for any of the hand 
orange smoke distress signals required under paragraph (a) or (b) of 
this section:
    (i) A rocket parachute flare approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.036 in 

[[Page 977]]
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (ii) A hand red flare distress signal approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.021 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (iii) A floating orange smoke distress signal approved in 
accordance with Sec. 160.022 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.
    (d) Exemption for vessels on short runs. A vessel operating on 
short runs limited to approximately 30 minutes away from the dock is 
not required to carry distress flares and smoke signals under this 
section.
    (e) Stowage. Each flare carried to meet this section must be stowed 
in one of the following:
    (1) A portable watertight container marked as required by 
Sec. 185.614 of this chapter, carried at the operating station; or
    (2) A pyrotechnic locker secured above the freeboard deck, away 
from heat, in the vicinity of the operating station.

Subpart C--Life Buoys and Life jackets


Sec. 180.70  Ring life buoys.

    (a) A vessel must have one or more ring life buoys as follows:
    (1) A vessel of not more than 7.9 meters (26 feet) in length must 
carry a minimum of one life buoy of not less than 510 millimeters (20 
inches) in diameter;
    (2) A vessel of more than 7.9 meters (26 feet) in length, but not 
more than 19.8 meters (65 feet), must carry a minimum of one life buoys 
of not less than 610 millimeters (24 inches) in diameter; and
    (3) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
carry a minimum of three life buoys of not less than 610 millimeters 
(24 inches) in diameter.
    (b) Each ring life buoy on a vessel must:
    (1) Be approved in accordance with Sec. 160.050 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant;
    (2) Be readily accessible;
    (3) Be stowed in a way that it can be rapidly cast loose;
    (4) Not be permanently secured in any way; and
    (5) If on a vessel on an oceans or coastwise route, be orange in 
color.
    (c) At least one ring life buoy must be fitted with a lifeline. If 
more than one ring life buoy is carried, at least one must not have a 
lifeline attached. Each lifeline on a ring life buoy must:
    (1) Be buoyant;
    (2) Be of at least 18.3 meters (60 feet) in length;
    (3) Be non-kinking;
    (4) Have a diameter of at least 7.9 millimeters (\5/16\ inch);
    (5) Have a breaking strength of at least 510 kilograms (1,124 
pounds); and
    (6) Be of a dark color if synthetic, or of a type certified to be 
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light.
    (d) A vessel must carry one floating waterlight, unless it is 
limited to daytime operation, in which case no floating waterlight is 
required.
    (1) Each floating waterlight must be approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.010 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (2) Each ring life buoy with a floating waterlight must have a 
lanyard of at least 910 millimeters (3 feet) in length, but not more 
than 1,830 millimeters (6 feet), securing the waterlight around the 
body of the ring life buoy.
    (3) Each floating waterlight installed after March 11, 1997, on a 
vessel carrying only one ring buoy, must be attached to the lanyard 
with a corrosion-resistant clip. The clip must have a strength of at 
least 22.7 kilograms (50 pounds), and allow the waterlight to be 
quickly disconnected from the ring life buoy.


Sec. 180.71  LIfe jackets.

    (a) An adult life jacket must be provided for each person carried 
on board a vessel.
    (b) In addition, a number of child size life jackets equal to at 
least 10% of the number of the person permitted on board must be 
provided, or such greater number as necessary to provide a life jacket 
for each person being carried that is smaller than the lower size limit 
of the adult life jackets provided to meet this section, except that:
    (1) Child-size life jackets are not required if the vessel's 
Certificate of Inspection is endorsed for the carriage of adults only; 
or
    (2) When all ``extended size'' life preservers (those with a lower 
size limit for persons of 1,195 millimeters (47 inches) in height or 
weighing 20.4 kilograms (45 pounds)) are carried on board, a minimum of 
only 5% additional child size devices need be carried.
    (c) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, each life 
jacket must be approved in accordance with either Secs. 160.002, 
160.005, or 160.055 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (d) Cork and balsa wood lifejackets previously approved in 
accordance with Secs. 106.003, or 160.004 in subchapter Q of this 
section, on board an existing vessel prior to March 11, 1996, may 
continue to be used to meet the requirements of this section until 
March 11, 1999, of the interim rules provided the lifejackets are 
maintained in good and serviceable condition.


Sec. 180.72  Personal flotation devices carried in addition to life 
jackets.

    (a) Equipment carried under this section is not acceptable in lieu 
of any portion of the required number of approved life jackets and must 
not be substituted for the approved life jackets required to be worn 
during drills and emergencies.
    (b) Wearable marine buoyant devices that include ``ski vests,'' 
``boating vests,'' and ``fishing vests,'' approved in accordance with 
Sec. 160.064 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment.
    (c) Buoyant work vests approved in accordance with Sec. 160.053 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment for use of persons 
working near or over the water.
    (d) Commercial hybrid personal flotation devices (PFD) approved in 
accordance with Sec. 160.077 of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant, may be carried as additional equipment for 
use of persons working near or over the water. Each commercial hybrid 
PFD must be:
    (1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures 
set out in the manual required for these devices under Sec. 160.077-29 
in subchapter Q of this chapter and any limitation(s) marked on them; 
and
    (2) Of the same or similar design and have the same method of 
operation as each other hybrid PFD carried on board.


Sec. 180.75  Life jacket lights.

    (a) Each life jacket carried on a vessel on oceans, coastwise, or 
Great Lakes route, must have a life jacket light approved in accordance 
with Sec. 161.012 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant. Each life jacket light must be securely 
attached to the front shoulder area of the life jacket.
    (b) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 
section, life jacket lights are not required for life jackets on:
    (1) Ferries; and
    (2) Vessels with Certificates of Inspection endorsed only for 
routes that do not extend more than 20 miles from a harbor of safe 
refuge.

[[Page 978]]



Sec. 180.78  Stowage of life jackets.

    (a) General. Unless otherwise stated in this section, life jackets 
must be stored in convenient places distributed throughout 
accommodation spaces.
    (1) Each stowage container for life jackets must not be capable of 
being locked. If practicable, the container must be designed to allow 
the life jackets to float free.
    (2) Each life jacket kept in a stowage container must be readily 
available.
    (3) Each life jacket stowed overhead must be supported in a manner 
that allows quick release for distribution.
    (4) If life jackets are stowed more than 2,130 millimeters (7 feet) 
above the deck, a means for quick release must be provided and must be 
capable of operation by a person standing on the deck.
    (5) Each child size life jacket must be stowed in a location that 
is appropriately marked and separated from adult life jackets so the 
child size life jackets are not mistaken for adult life jackets.
    (b) Additional personal flotation devices. The stowage locations of 
the personal flotation devices carried in addition to life jackets 
under Sec. 180.72, must be separate from the life jackets, and such as 
not to be easily confused with that of the life jackets.

Subpart D-Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment


Sec. 180.130  Stowage of survival craft.

    (a) Each survival craft must be:
    (1) Secured to the vessel by a painter with a float-free link 
permanently attached to the vessel except that a float-free link is not 
required if the vessel operates only on waters not as deep as the 
length of the painter;
    (2) Stowed so that when the vessel sinks the survival craft floats 
free and, if inflatable, inflates automatically;
    (3) Stowed in a position that is readily accessible to crew members 
for launching, or else provided with a remotely operated device that 
releases the survival craft into launching position or into the water;
    (4) Stowed in a way that permits manual release from its securing 
arrangements;
    (5) Ready for immediate use so that crew members can carry out 
preparations for embarkation and launching in less than 5 minutes;
    (6) Provided with means to prevent shifting;
    (7) Stowed in a way that neither the survival craft nor its stowage 
arrangements will interfere with the embarkation and operation of any 
other survival craft at any other launching station;
    (8) Stowed in a way that any protective covers will not interfere 
with launching and embarkation;
    (9) Fully equipped as required under this part; and
    (10) Stowed, as far as practicable, in a position sheltered from 
breaking seas and protected from damage by fire.
    (b) A hydrostatic release unit when used in a float-free 
arrangement must be approved in accordance with Sec. 160.062 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (c) A mechanical, manually operated device to assist in launching a 
survival craft must be provided if:
    (1) The survival craft weights more than 90.7 kilograms (200 
pounds); and
    (2) The survival craft requires lifting more than 300 vertical 
millimeters (one vertical foot) to be launched.


Sec. 180.137  Stowage of life floats and buoyant apparatus.

    (a) In addition to meeting Sec. 180.130, each life float and 
buoyant apparatus must be stowed as required under this section,
    (b) The float-free link required by Sec. 180.130(a)(1) must be:
    (1) Certified to meet Sec. 160.073 in subchapter Q of this chapter, 
or other standard specified by the Commandant;
    (2) Of proper strength for the size of the life float or buoyant 
apparatus as indicated on its identification tag; and
    (3) Secured to the painter at one end and to the vessel on the 
other end.
    (c) The means used to attach the float-free link to the vessel 
must:
    (1) Have a breaking strength of at least the breaking strength of 
the painter;
    (2) If synthetic, be of a dark color or of a type certified to be 
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light; and
    (3) If metal, be corrosion resistant.
    (d) If the life float or buoyant apparatus does not have a painter 
attachment fitting, a means for attaching the painter must be provided 
by a wire or line that:
    (1) Encircles the body of the device;
    (2) Will not slip off;
    (3) Has a breaking strength that is at least the strength of the 
painter; and
    (4) If synthetic, is of a dark color or is of a type certified to 
be resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light.
    (e) If the vessel carried more than one life float or buoyant 
apparatus in a group with each group secured by a single painter:
    (1) The combined weight of each group of life floats and buoyant 
apparatus must not exceed 181 kilograms (400 pounds);
    (2) Each group of life floats and buoyant apparatus is considered a 
single survival craft for the purposes of Sec. 180.130(c);
    (3) Each life float and buoyant apparatus must be individually 
attached to the painter by a line meeting Secs. 180.175(e)(3) (ii), 
(iii), and (iv) and long enough that each life float or buoyant 
apparatus can float without contacting any other life float or buoyant 
apparatus in the group; and
    (4) The strength of the float-free link under paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section and the strength of the painter under 
Sec. 180.175(e)(3)(ii) must be determined by the combined capacity of 
the group of life floats and buoyant apparatus.
    (f) Life floats and buoyant apparatus must not be stowed in tiers 
more than 1,220 millimeters (4 feet) high. When stowed in tiers, the 
separate units must be kept apart by spacers.


Sec. 180.150  Survival craft embarkation arrangements.

    (a) A launching appliance that complies with the installation and 
arrangement requirements for launching appliances in subchapter W of 
this chapter must be provided for each inflatable liferaft and 
inflatable buoyant apparatus when either:
    (1) The embarkation station for the survival craft is on a deck 
more than 4.5 meters (15 feet) above the waterline; or
    (2) The inflatable liferaft and inflatable buoyant apparatus is 
boarded prior to being placed in the water.
    (b) A embarkation ladder, approved in accordance with Sec. 160.017 
in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant, must be at each embarkation station if the distance from 
the deck on which an embarkation station is located to the vessel's 
lightest operating waterline is more than 3,050 millimeters (10 feet).


Sec. 180.175  Survival craft equipment.

    (a) General. Each item of survival craft equipment must be of good 
quality, and efficient for the purpose it is intended to serve. Unless 
otherwise stated in this section, each item of equipment carried, 
whether required under this section or not, must be secured by 
lashings, stored in lockers, compartments, brackets, or have equivalent 
mounting or storage arrangements that do not:
    (1) Reduce survival craft capacity;
    (2) Reduce space available to the occupants;
    (3) Interfere with launching, recovery, or rescue operations; or
    (4) Adversely affect seaworthiness of the survival craft.
    (b) Inflatable liferafts. Each inflatable liferaft must have one of 
the following equipment packs as shown by the markings on its 
container:
    (1) Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) B Pack; or
    
[[Page 979]]

    (2) SOLAS A Pack.
    (c) Life floats. Each life float must be fitted with a lifeline, 
pendants, two paddles, a painter, and a light.
    (d) Buoyant apparatus. Each buoyant apparatus must be fitted with a 
lifeline, pendants, a painter, and a light.
    (e) Equipment specifications for life floats and buoyant apparatus. 
The equipment required for lifefloats and buoyant apparatus must meet 
the following specifications:
    (1) Lifeline and pendants. The lifeline and pendants must be as 
furnished by the manufacturer with the approved life float or buoyant 
apparatus. Replacement lifelines and pendants must meet the 
requirements in Subpart 160.010 of this chapter.
    (2) Paddle. Each paddle must be of at least 1,220 millimeters (4 
feet) in length, lashed to the life float to which it belongs and 
buoyant.
    (3) Painter. The painter must:
    (i) Be of at least 30.5 meters (100 feet) in length, but not less 
than 3 times the distance between the deck where the life float or 
buoyant apparatus it serves is stowed and the lowest load waterline of 
the vessel;
    (ii) Have a breaking strength of at least 680 kilograms (1,500 
pounds), except that if the capacity of the life float or buoyant 
apparatus is 50 persons or more, the breaking strength must be at least 
1,360 kilograms (3,000 pounds);
    (iii) Be of a dark color if synthetic, or of a type certified to be 
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light; and
    (iv) Be stowed in such a way that it runs out freely when the life 
float or buoyant apparatus floats away from a sinking vessel.
    (4) Light. The light must be a floating waterlight approved in 
accordance with Sec. 161.010 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant. The floating waterlight must be 
attached around the body of the life float or buoyant apparatus by a 
12-thread manila, or equivalent, lanyard of at least 5.5 meters (18 
feet) in length.
    (f) Other survival craft. If survival craft other than inflatable 
liferafts, life floats, inflatable buoyant apparatus, and buoyant 
apparatus are carried on the vessel, such as lifeboats or rigid 
liferafts, they must be installed, arranged, and equipped as required 
under subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter for passenger 
vessels on the same route.

Subpart E--Number and Type of Survival Craft


Sec. 180.200  Survival craft--general.

    (a) Each survival craft required on a vessel by this part must meet 
one of the following:
    (1) For an inflatable liferaft--Subpart 160.151 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant, with the 
applicable equipment pack, as determined by the cognizant OCMI. Each 
inflatable liferaft required on a vessel by this part must have a 
capacity of 6 persons or more. Inflatable liferafts may be substituted 
for inflatable buoyant apparatus or life floats required under this 
section;
    (2) For a life float--Subpart 160.027 in subchapter Q of this 
chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant. Buoyant 
apparatus may be used to meet requirements for life floats if the 
buoyant apparatus was installed on board the vessel on or before March 
11, 1996, and if the buoyant apparatus remains in good and serviceable 
condition;
    (3) For an inflatable buoyant apparatus--Subpart 160.010 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant. Inflatable buoyant apparatus may be substituted for life 
floats required under this section.
    (4) For a buoyant apparatus--Subpart 160.010 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant. An 
existing buoyant apparatus may not be used to satisfy the requirements 
for life floats on existing vessels wishing to upgrade the total number 
of passengers carried on an oceans route.
    (b) If the vessel carries a small boat or boats, the capacity of 
these boats may be counted toward the buoyant apparatus or life float 
capacity required by this part. Such boats must meet the requirements 
for safe loading and flotation in 33 CFR Part 183, and must meet the 
stowage, launching, and equipment requirements in this part for the 
survival craft they replace.
    (c) A summary of survival craft requirements is provided in Table 
180.200(c). The citations in brackets identify the sections of this 
part that contain the specific requirements.

                            Table 180.200(c)                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Route                     Survival craft requirements       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oceans.......................  (a) cold water \1\--100% IBA--           
                                $180.202(a)(1).                         
                                 (i) w/subdivision \2\--100% LF--Sec.   
                                180.202(a)(2).                          
                               (c) warm water \3\--67% IBA \4\--        
                                $180.202(b).                            
Coastwise....................  (a) wood vsls in cold water.             
                                 (i) 67% IBA--Sec.  180.204(a)(1).      
                                 (ii) w/subdivision--100% LF--          
                                $180.204(a)(2).                         
                               (b) nonwood and vsls operating in warm   
                                water.                                  
                                 (i) 100% LF--Sec.  180.204 (b) and (c).
                               (c) within three miles of shore.         
                                 (i) w/o subdivision--100% LF--Sec.     
                                180.204(d)(1).                          
                                 (ii) w/subdivision--50% LF--Sec.       
                                180.204(d)(2).                          
                                 (iii) w/float free 406 MHz EPIRB--50%  
                                LF--Sec.  180.204(d)(3).                
Limited Coastwise (Not more    (a) wood vsls in cold water.             
 than 20 miles from a harbor   (i) 67% IBA--Sec.  180.205(a)(1).        
 of safe refuge).              (ii) w/subdivision--100% LF--Sec.        
                                180.205(a)(2).                          
                               (b) nonwood vessels in cold water--100%  
                                LF--Sec.  180.205(b).                   
                               (c) within three miles of shore--Sec.    
                                180.205(d).                             
                                   (A) w/o subdivision--100% LF.        
                                   (B) w/subdivision--50% LF.           
                                   (C) w/float free 406 MHz EPIRB--50%  
                                LF.                                     
                               (d) vessels operating in warm water.     
                                 (i) 50% LF--Sec.  180.205(c).          
                                 (ii) within three miles of shore.      
                                   (A) w/o subdivision--50% LF--Sec.    
                                180.205(e)(1).                          
                                   (B) w/subdivision--NONE--Sec.        
                                180.205(e)(2).                          

[[Page 980]]
                                                                        
                                   (C) w/float free 406 MHz EPIRB--NONE--
                                    Sec.  180.205(e)(3).                
Great Lakes..................  (a) same as Limited Coastwise (a) & (b)--
                                Sec.  180.206(a).                       
                               (b) within one mile of shore--NONE \5\-- 
                                Sec.  180.206(b).                       
Lakes, Bays, & Sounds 6,7....  (a) wood vsls in cold water.             
                                 (i) 100% LF--Sec.  180.207(a)(1).      
                                 (ii) w/subdivision--50% LF--Sec.       
                                180.207(a)(2).                          
                               (b) nonwood--50% LF--Sec.  180.207(b).   
                               (c) within 1 mile of shore--NONE--Sec.   
                                180.207(e).                             
                               (d) warm water--NONE--Sec.  180.207(c).  
RIVERS 7,8...................  (a) cold water.                          
                                 (i) w/o subdivision--50% LF--Sec.      
                                180.208(a)(1).                          
                                 (ii) w/subdivision--NONE--Sec.         
                                180.208(a)(2).                          
                                 (iii) within one mile of shore--NONE-- 
                                Sec.  180.208(d).                       
                               (b) warm water--NONE--Sec.  180.208(b)   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abbreviations used:                                                     
ILR=Inflatable liferaft                                                 
IBA=Inflatable Buoyant Apparatus                                        
LF=Life Float. As allowed by Sec.  180.15(d) any buoyant apparatus in   
  use on an existing vessel on March 11, 1996, may be used to meet the  
  requirements for LF as long as the buoyant apparatus is in good and   
  serviceable condition.                                                
Footnotes:                                                              
\1\ Cold water means the cognizant OCMI has determined the monthly mean 
  low temperature of the water is  15 deg. C (59 deg. F).    
\2\ Vessels  65 ft carrying  49 passengers built  
  before March 11, 2001, may meet the collision bulkhead standards in   
  Sec.  179.310 and one-compartment subdivision subdivision standards in
  Secs.  179.220 and 179.320 at least in way of the engine room and     
  lazarette in lieu of the subdivision requirements contained in this   
  Part.                                                                 
\3\ Warm water means the cognizant OCMI has determined the monthly mean 
  low temperature of the water is > 15 deg. C (59 deg. F).              
\4\ Vessels operating in warm water may substitute 100% LF in lieu of   
  67% IBA--Sec.  180.202(d).                                            
\5\ OCMI may reduce primary lifesaving for seasonal or ferry type       
  operations on the Great Lakes--Sec.  180.206(b).                      
\6\ Shallow water exception--Sec.  180.207(e).                          
\7\ OCMI may reduce survival craft requirements based upon the route,   
  communications schedule and participation in VTS--Sec.  180.207(f) and
  Sec.  180.208(e)                                                      
\8\ Shallow water exception--Sec.  180.208(e)C.                         




Sec. 180.202  Survival craft--vessels operating an oceans routes.

    (a) Each vessel certificated to operate on an oceans route in cold 
water must either:
    (1) Be provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate 
capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the total number of 
persons permitted on board; or
    (2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Secs. 179.310 in this chapter or 171.085 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, and the standards for subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 
of this chapter, or the standards for subdivision and damaged stability 
in Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 and 171.080 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, as appropriate, and be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board.
    (b) Each vessel certificated to operate on an oceans route in warm 
water must either:
    (1) Be provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate 
capacity that will accommodate at least 67% of the total number of 
persons permitted on board; or
    (2) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board.


Sec. 180.304  Survival craft--vessels operating on coastwise routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (c) of this section, each vessel 
constructed of wood certificated to operate on a coastwise route in 
cold water must either:
    (1) Be provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate 
capacity that will accommodate at least 67% of the total number of 
persons permitted on board; or
    (2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Secs. 179.310 of this chapter or 171.085 in subchapter S of this 
chapter and the standards for subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 
of this chapter, or the standards for subdivision and damaged stability 
in Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 and 171.080 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, as appropriate, and be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board.
    (b) Each vessel constructed of a material other than wood 
certificated to operate on a coastwise route in cold water must be 
provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board.
    (c) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, each vessel 
certificated to operate on a coastwise route in warm water must be 
provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board.
    (d) Each vessel certificated to operate on a coastwise route within 
three miles of land must either:
    (1) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board; or
    (2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Secs. 179.310 of this subchapter or 171.085 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, and the standards for subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 
of this chapter, or the standards for subdivision and damaged stability 
in Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 and 171.080 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, as appropriate, and be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 50% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board.
    (3) Have on board a FCC Type Accepted Category 1 406 MHz EPIRB, 
installed to automatically float free and activate, and be provided 
with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will accommodate at 
least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on board.


Sec. 180.205  Survival craft--vessels operating on limited coastwise 
routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, each vessel 
constructed 

[[Page 981]]
of wood certificated to operate on a limited coastwise route in cold 
water must either:
    (1) Be provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate 
capacity that will accommodate at least 67% of the total number of 
persons permitted on board; or
    (2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Secs. 179.310 of this chapter or 171.085 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, and the standards for subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 
of this chapter, or the standards for subdivision and damaged stability 
in Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 and 171.080 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, as appropriate, and be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board.
    (b) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, each vessel 
constructed of a material other than wood certificated to operate on a 
limited coastwise route in cold water must be provided with life floats 
of an aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 100% of the 
total number of persons permitted on board.
    (c) Except as allowed by paragraph (e) of this section, each vessel 
certificated to operate on a limited coastwise route in warm water must 
be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board.
    (d) Each vessel certificated to operate on a limited coastwise 
route within three miles of land in cold water must be provided with 
the survival craft required by Sec. 180.204(d).
    (e) Each vessel certificated to operate on a limited coastwise 
route within three miles of land in warm water must either:
    (1) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board; or
    (2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Secs. 179.310 of this chapter or 171.085 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, and the standards for subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 
of this chapter, or the standards for subdivision and damaged stability 
in Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 and 171.080 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, as appropriate, and not be required to carry survival craft; 
or
    (3) Have on board a FCC Type Accepted Category 1 406 MHz EPIRB, 
installed to automatically float free and activate, and not be required 
to carry survival craft.


Sec. 180.206  Survival craft--vessels operating on Great Lakes routes.

    (1) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, each vessel 
certificated to operate on a Great Lakes route must be provided with 
the survival craft required by Secs. 180.204 (a) through (e), as 
appropriate.
    (b) Each vessel certificated to operate on a Great Lakes route 
within one mile of land is not required to carry survival craft is the 
OCMI determines that it is safe to do so, taking into consideration the 
vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, and availability of 
assistance.


Sec. 180.207  Survival craft--vessels operating on lakes, bays, and 
sounds routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of this 
section, each vessel constructed of wood certificated to operate on a 
lakes, bays, and sounds route in cold water must either:
    (1) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 100% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board; or
    (2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Secs. 179.310 of this chapter or 171.085 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, and the standards for subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 
of this chapter, or the standards for subdivision and damaged stability 
in Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 and 171.080 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, as appropriate, and be provided with life floats of an 
aggregate capacity that will accommodate at least 50% of the total 
number of persons permitted on board.
    (b) Except as allowed by paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section, 
each vessel constructed of a material other than wood certificated to 
operate on a lakes, bays, and sounds route in cold water must be 
provided with buoyant apparatus of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board.
    (c) A vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays, and sounds 
route in warm water is not required to carry survival craft.
    (d) A vessel certificated to operate on a lake, bays, and sounds 
route within one mile of land is not required to carry survival craft.
    (e) For a vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays, and 
sounds route in shallow water where the vessel can not sink deep enough 
to submerge the topmost passenger deck or where survivors can wade 
ashore, the cognizant OCMI may waive a requirement for life floats, if 
the OCMI determines that it is safe to do so, taking into consideration 
the vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, and availability 
of assistance.
    (f) Each vessel operating with a set schedule on a specific route 
that does not take it more than 20 nautical miles from a harbor of safe 
refuge, and that maintains a 15 minute radio communications schedule 
with an operations base, or participates in a Vessel Traffic Service 
(VTS), may be granted a reduction in the survival craft requirements of 
this section if the cognizant OCMI is satisfied that a sufficient level 
of safety exists.


Sec. 180.208  Survival Craft--vessels operating on rivers routes.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraphs (c), (d) and (e) of this 
section, each vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in cold 
water must either:
    (1) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity that will 
accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on 
board; or
    (2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in 
Secs. 179.310 of this chapter or 171.085 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, and the standards for subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 
of this chapter, or the standards for subdivision and damaged stability 
in Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 and 171.080 in subchapter S of this 
chapter, as appropriate, and not be required to carry survival craft.
    (b) A vessel certificate to operate on a rivers route in warm water 
is not required to carry survival craft.
    (c) A vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route within one 
mile of land is not required to carry survival craft.
    (d) For a vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in 
shallow water where the vessel can not sink deep enough to submerge the 
topmost passenger deck or where survivors can wade ashore, the 
cognizant OCMI may waive a requirement for life floats, if the OCMI 
determines that it is safe to do so, taking into consideration the 
vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, and availability of 
assistance.
    (e) Each vessel operating with a set schedule on a specific route 
that maintains a 15 minute radio communications schedule with an 
operations base, or participates in a Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), may 
be granted a reduction in the survival craft requirement of this 
section if the cognizant OCMI is satisfied that a sufficient level of 
safety exists.


Sec. 180.210  Rescue boats.

    (a) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must 
carry at least 

[[Page 982]]
one rescue boat unless the cognizant OCMI determines that:
    (1) The vessel is sufficiently maneuverable, arranged, and equipped 
to allow the crew to recover a helpless person from the water;
    (2) Recovery of a helpless person can be observed from the 
operating station; and
    (3) The vessel does not regularly engage in operations that 
restrict its maneuverability.
    (b) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length is 
not required to carry a rescue boat unless:
    (1) The vessel carries passengers on an open or partially enclosed 
deck; and
    (2) The cognizant OCMI determines that the vessel is designed, 
arranged, or involved in operations so that the vessel itself cannot 
serve as an adequate rescue craft.
    (c) On a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
required rescue boat and its installation must meet the requirements in 
subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter for a rescue boat on a 
passenger vessel having the same route. On a vessel of not more than 
19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a required rescue boat must be 
acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.

PART 181--FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
181.115  Applicability to existing vessels.
181.120  Equipment installed but not required.

Subpart B--Reserved

Subpart C--Fire Main System

181.300  Fire pumps.
181.310  Fire main and hydrants.
181.320  Fire hoses and nozzles.

Subpart D--Fixed Fire Extinguishing and Detecting Systems

181.400  Where required.
181.410  Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
181.420  Pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
181.425  Galley hood fire extinguishing systems.
181.450  Independent modular smoke detecting units.

Subpart E--Portable Fire Extinguishers

181.500  Required number, type, and location.
181.520  Installation and location.

Subpart F--Additional Equipment

181.600  Fire axe.
181.610  Fire bucket.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 3306; E.O. 12234, 45FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 
Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 181.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section, an existing vessel must comply with the fire protection 
equipment regulations applicable to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, 
as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the regulations in this 
part.
    (b) An existing vessel with a hull, or a machinery space boundary 
bulkhead or deck, composed of wood or fiber reinforced plastic, or 
sheathed on the interior in fiber reinforced plastic, must comply with 
the requirements of Sec. 181.400 of this part on or before March 11, 
1999.
    (c) New installations of fire protection equipment on an existing 
vessel, which are completed to the satisfaction of the cognizant 
Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) on or after March 11, 1996, 
must comply with the regulations of this part. Replacement of existing 
equipment installed on the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, need not 
comply with the regulations in this part.


Sec. 181.120  Equipment installed but not required.

    Fire extinguishing and detecting equipment installed on a vessel in 
excess of the requirements of Secs. 181.400 and 181.500 must be 
designed, constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with a 
recognized industry standard acceptable to the Commandant.

Subpart B--Reserved

Subpart C--Fire Main System


Sec. 181.300  Fire pumps.

    (a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be installed on 
each vessel:
    (i) Of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length which is a 
ferry vessel;
    (ii) Of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length that carries 
more than 49 passengers; or
    (iii) Of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length.
    (b) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying more than 49 passengers, and on a vessel of more than 19.8 
meters (65 feet) in length, the minimum capacity of the fire pump must 
be 189 liters (50 gallons) per minute at a pressure of not less than 
414 kPa (60 psi) at the pump outlet. The pump outlet must be fitted 
with a pressure gauge.
    (c) On a ferry vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length carrying not more than 49 passengers, the minimum capacity of 
the fire pump must be 38 liters (10 gallons) per minute. The fire pump 
must be capable of projecting a hose stream from the highest hydrant, 
through the hose and nozzle required by Sec. 181.320 of this part, a 
distance of 7.6 meters (25 feet).
    (d) A fire pump may be driven by a propulsion engine. A fire pump 
must be permanently connected to the fire main and may be connected to 
the bilge system to meet the requirements of Sec. 182.520 of this 
chapter.
    (e) A fire pump must be capable of both remote operation from the 
operating station and local, manual operations at the pump.


Sec. 181.310  Fire main and hydrants.

    (a) A vessel that has a power driven fire pump must have a 
sufficient number of fire hydrants to reach any part of the vessel 
using a single length of fire hose.
    (b) Piping, valves, and fittings in a fire main system must comply 
with Subpart G, Part 182, of this chapter.


Sec. 181.320  Fire hoses and nozzles.

    (a) A fire hose with a nozzle must be attached to each fire hydrant 
at all times. For fire stations located on open decks or cargo decks, 
where no protection is provided, hoses may be temporarily removed 
during heavy weather or cargo handling operations, respectively. Hoses 
so removed must be stored in nearby accessible locations.
    (b) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying more than 49 passengers, and on a vessel of more than 19.8 
meters (65 feet) in length, each hose must:
    (1) Be lined commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters 
Laboratory (UL) 19 ``Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies,'' or hose 
that is listed and labeled by an independent laboratory recognized by 
the Commandant as being equivalent in performance;.
    (2) Be 15.25 meters (50 feet) in length and 40 millimeters (1.5 
inches) in diameter; and
    (3) Have fittings of brass or other suitable corrosion-resistant 
material that comply with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 
1963 ``Standard for Fire Hose Connections,'' or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (c) Each fire hose on a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 
feet) in length carrying not more than 49 passengers must:
    (1) Comply with paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) of this section or be 
garden type hose of not less than 16 millimeters (0.625 inches) nominal 
inside diameter;
    (2) Be of one piece not less than 7.6 meters (25 feet) and not more 
than 15.25 meters (50 feet) in length; and

[[Page 983]]

    (3) If of the garden type, be of a good commercial grade 
constructed of an inner rubber tube, plies of braided fabric 
reinforcement, and an outer cover of rubber tube, plies of braided 
fabric reinforcement, and an outer cover of rubber or equivalent 
material, and of sufficient strength to withstand the maximum pressure 
that can be produced by the fire pump. All fittings on the hose must be 
of suitable corrosion-resistant material.
    (d) Each nozzle must be of corrosion-resistant material and be 
capable of being changed between a solid stream and a spray pattern. A 
nozzle on a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying more than 49 passengers, and on a vessel of more than 19.8 
meters (65 feet) in length, must:
    (1) Be of a type approved in accordance with Sec. 160.027 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter; or
    (2) Be of a type recognized by the Commandant as being equivalent 
in performance.

Subpart D--Fixed Fire Extinguishing and Detecting Systems


Sec. 181.400   Where required.

    (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a fixed gas fire 
extinguishing system, in compliance with Sec. 181.410, or other fixed 
fire extinguishing system specifically approved by the Commandant, 
except as otherwise allowed by paragraph (b) of this section:
    (1) A space containing propulsion machinery;
    (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 
37.3 kW (50 hp);
    (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler;
    (4) A space containing machinery powered by gasoline or other fuels 
having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower;
    (5) A space containing a fuel tank for gasoline or any other fuel 
having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower;
    (6) A space containing combustible cargo or ship's stores 
inaccessible during the voyage (in these types of spaces only carbon 
dioxide, and not Halon, systems will be allowed);
    (7) A paint locker; and
    (8) A storeroom containing flammable liquids (including liquors of 
80 proof or higher where liquor is packaged in individual containers of 
9.5 liters (2.5 gallons) capacity or greater).
    (b) Alternative system types and exceptions to the requirements of 
paragraph (a) of this section are:
    (1) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which is capable of 
automatic discharge upon heat detection, may only be installed in a 
normally unoccupied space with a gross volume of not more than 170 
cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet);
    (2) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be in 
compliance with Sec. 181.420 of this part and may only be installed in 
a normally unoccupied machinery space, a paint locker, or a storeroom 
containing flammable liquids (including liquors of 80 proof or higher 
where liquor is packaged in individual containers of 9.5 liters (2.5 
gallons) capacity or greater), with a gross volume of not more than 57 
cubic meters (2,000 cubic feet);
    (3) A B-II portable fire extinguisher installed outside the space 
may be substituted for a fixed gas fire extinguishing system in a 
storeroom containing flammable liquids (including liquors of 80 proof 
or higher where liquor is packaged in individual containers of 9.5 
liters (2.5 gallons) capacity or greater) or a paint locker, with a 
volume of not more that 5.7 cubic meters (200 cubic feet);
    (4) A space which is so open to the atmosphere that a fixed gas 
fire extinguishing system would be ineffective, as determined by the 
cognizant OCMI, is not required to have a fixed gas fire extinguishing 
system; and
    (5) Where the amount of carbon dioxide gas required in a fixed fire 
extinguishing system can be supplied by one portable extinguisher or a 
semiportable extinguisher, such an extinguisher may be used subject to 
the following:
    (i) Cylinders shall be installed in a fixed position outside the 
space protected;
    (ii) The applicator shall be installed in a fixed position so as to 
discharge into the space protected; and
    (iii) Controls shall be installed in an accessible location outside 
the space protected.
    (c) The following spaces must be equipped with a fire detecting 
system of an approved type that is installed in accordance with 
Sec. 76.27 in subchapter H of this chapter, except when a fixed gas 
fire extinguishing system that is capable of automatic discharge upon 
heat detection is installed or when the space is manned:
    (1) A space containing propulsion machinery;
    (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 
50 hp;
    (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler;
    (4) A space containing machinery powered by gasoline or any other 
fuels having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower; and
    (5) A space containing a fuel tank for gasoline or any other fuel 
having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower.
    (d) All grills, broilers, and deep fat fryers must be fitted with a 
grease extraction hood in compliance with Sec. 181.425.
    (e) Each overnight accommodation space on a vessel with overnight 
accommodations for passengers must be fitted with an independent 
modular smoke detecting and alarm unit in compliance with Sec. 181.450.
    (f) An enclosed vehicle space must be fitted with an automatic 
sprinkler system that meets the requirements of Sec. 76.25 in 
subchapter H of this chapter; and
    (1) A fire detecting system of an approved type that is installed 
in accordance with Sec. 76.27 in subchapter H of this chapter; or
    (2) A smoke detecting system of an approved type that is installed 
in accordance with Sec. 76.33 in subchapter H of this chapter.
    (g) A partially enclosed vehicle space must be fitted with a manual 
sprinkler system that meets the requirements of Sec. 76.23 in 
subchapter H of this chapter.


Sec. 181.410  Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    (a) General. (1) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system aboard a 
vessel must be approved by the Commandant, and be custom engineered to 
meet the requirements of this section unless the system meets the 
requirements of Sec. 181.420.
    (2) System components must be listed and labeled by an independent 
laboratory. A component from a different system, even if from the same 
manufacturer, must not be used unless included in the approval of the 
installed system.
    (3) System design and installation must be in accordance with the 
Marine Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual approved 
for the system by the Commandant.
    (4) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system may protect more than one 
space. The quantity of extinguishing agent must be at least sufficient 
for the space requiring the greatest quantity as determined by the 
requirements of paragraphs (f)(4) and (g)(2) of this section.
    (b) Controls. (1) Controls and valves for operation of fixed gas 
fire extinguishing system must be:
    (i) Located outside the space protected by the system; and
    (ii) Not located in a space that might be inaccessible in the event 
of fire in the space protected by the system.
    (2) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, release 
of an 

[[Page 984]]
extinguishing agent into a space must require tow distinct operations.
    (3) A system must have local manual controls at the storage 
cylinders capable of releasing the extinguishing agent. In addition, a 
normally manned space must have remote controls for releasing the 
extinguishing agent at the primary exit from the space.
    (4) Remote controls must be located in a breakglass enclosure to 
preclude accidental discharge.
    (5) Valves and controls must be of an approved type and protected 
from damage or accidental activation. A pull cable used to activate the 
system controls must be enclosed in conduit.
    (6) A system protecting more than one space must have a manifold 
with a normally closed stop valve for each space protected.
    (7) A gas actuated valve or device must be capable of manual 
override at the valve or device.
    (8) A system, that has more than one storage cylinder for the 
extinguishing agent and that relies on pilot cylinders to activate the 
primary storage cylinders, must have at least two pilot cylinders. 
Local manual controls, in compliance with paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section, must be provided to operate the pilot cylinders but are not 
required for the primary storage cylinders.
    (9) A system protecting a manned space must be fitted with an 
approved time delay and alarm arranged to require the alarm to sound 
for at least 20 seconds or the time necessary to escape from the space, 
whichever is greater, before the agent is released into the space. 
Alarms must be conspicuously and centrally located. The alarm must be 
powered by the extinguishing agent.
    (10) A device must be provided to automatically shut down power 
ventilation serving the protected space and engines that draw intake 
air from the protected space prior to release of the extinguishing 
agency into the space.
    (11) Controls and storage cylinders must not be in a locked space 
unless the key is in a breakglass type box conspicuously located 
adjacent to the space.
    (c) Storage space. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of 
this section, a storage cylinder for a fixed gas extinguishing system 
must be:
    (i) Located outside the space protected by the system; and
    (ii) Not located in a space that might be inaccessible in the event 
of a fire in the space protected by the system.
    (2) A normally unoccupied space of less than 170 cubic meters 
(6,000 cubic feet) may have the storage cylinders located within the 
space protected. When the storage cylinders are located in the space:
    (i) The system must be capable of automatic operation by a heat 
actuator within the space; and
    (ii) Have manual controls in compliance with paragraph (b) of this 
section except for paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3).
    (3) A space containing a storage cylinder must be maintained at a 
temperature within the range from -30 deg. C (-20 deg. F) to 55 deg. C 
(130 deg. F) or at another temperature as listed by the independent 
laboratory and stated in the manufacturer's approved manual.
    (4) A storage cylinder must be securely fastened, supported, and 
protected against damage.
    (5) A storage cylinder must be accessible and capable of easy 
removal for recharging and inspection. Provisions must be available for 
weighing each storage cylinder in place.
    (6) Where subject to moisture, a storage cylinder must be installed 
to provide a space of at least 51 millimeters (2 inches) between the 
deck and the bottom of the storage cylinder.
    (7) A Halon 1301 storage cylinder must be stowed in an upright 
position unless otherwise listed by the independent laboratory. A 
carbon dioxide cylinder may be inclined not more than 30 deg. from the 
vertical, unless fitted with flexible or bent siphon tubes, in which 
case they may be inclined not more than 80 deg. from the vertical.
    (8) Where a check valve is not fitted on an independent storage 
cylinder discharge, a plug or cap must be provided for closing the 
outlet resulting from storage cylinder removal.
    (9) Each storage cylinder must meet the requirements of Sec. 147.60 
in subchapter N of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (10) A storage cylinder space must have doors that open outwards or 
be fitted with kickout panels installed in each door.
    (d) Piping. (1) A pipe, valve, or fitting of ferrous material must 
be protected inside and outside against corrosion unless otherwise 
approved by the Commandant. Aluminum or other low melting material must 
not be used for a component of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system 
except as specifically approved by the Commandant.
    (2) A distribution line must extend at least 51 millimeters (2 
inches) beyond the last orifice and be closed with a cap or plug.
    (3) Piping, valves, and fittings must be securely supported, and 
where necessary, protected against damage.
    (4) Drains and dirt traps must be fitted where necessary to prevent 
the accumulation of dirt or moisture and located in accessible 
locations.
    (5) Piping must be used for no other purpose except that it may be 
incorporated with the fire detecting system.
    (6) Piping passing through accommodation spaces must not be fitted 
with drains or other openings within such spaces.
    (7) Installation test requirements for carbon dioxide systems. The 
distribution piping of a carbon dioxide fixed gas extinguishing systems 
must be tested as required by this paragraph, upon completion of the 
piping installation, using only carbon dioxide, compressed air, or 
nitrogen gas.
    (i) Piping between a storage cylinder and a stop valve in the 
manifold must be subjected to a pressure of 6,894 kPa (1,000 psi), 
except as permitted in paragraph (d)(7)(iii) of this section. Without 
additional gas being introduced to the system, the pressure drop must 
not exceed 2,068 kPa (300 psi) after two minutes.
    (ii) A distribution line to a space protected by the system must be 
subjected to a test similar to that described in paragraph (d)(7)(i) of 
this section except the pressure used must be 4,136 kPa (600 psi). For 
the purpose of this test, the distribution piping must be capped within 
the space protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the 
storage cylinders.
    (iii) A small independent system protecting a space such as a paint 
locker may be tested by blowing out the piping with air at a pressure 
of not less than 689 kPa (100 psi) instead of the tests prescribed in 
the paragraphs (d)(7)(i) and (d)(7)(ii) of this section.
    (8) Installation test requirements for Halon 1301 systems. The 
distribution piping of a Halon 1301 fixed gas extinguishing system must 
be tested, as required by this paragraph, upon completion of the piping 
installation, using only carbon dioxide, compressed air, or nitrogen.
    (i) When pressurizing the piping, pressure must be increased in 
small increments. Each joint must be subjected to a soap bubble leak 
test, and all joints must be leak free.
    (ii) Piping between the storage cylinders and the manifold stop 
valve must be subjected to a leak test conducted at a pressure of 4,136 
kPa (600 psi). Without additional gas being added to the system, there 
must be no loss of pressure over a two minute period after thermal 
equilibrium is reached. 

[[Page 985]]

    (iii) Distribution piping between the manifold stop valve and the 
first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for 
a period of 10 minutes at 1,034 kPa (150 psi). At the end of 10 
minutes, the pressure drop must not exceed 10% of the test pressure.
    (e) Pressure relief. When required by the cognizant OCMI, spaces 
that are protected by a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and that 
are relatively air tight, such as refrigeration spaces, paint lockers, 
etc., must be provided with suitable means for relieving excessive 
pressure within the space when the agent is released.
    (f) Specific requirements for carbon dioxide systems. A custom 
engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which uses carbon 
dioxide as the extinguishing agent, must meet the requirements of this 
paragraph.
    (1) Piping, valves, and fittings must have a bursting pressure of 
not less than 41,360 kPa (6,000 psi). Piping, in nominal sizes of not 
more than 19 millimeters (0.75 inches), must be at least Schedule 40 
(standard weight), and in nominal sizes of over 19 millimeters (0.75 
inches), must be at least Schedule 80 (extra heavy).
    (2) A pressure relief valve or equivalent set to relieve at between 
16,550 and 19,300 kPa (2,400 and 2,800 psi) must be installed in the 
distribution manifold to protect the piping from over-pressurization.
    (3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant.
    (4) When installed in a machinery space, paint locker, a space 
containing flammable liquid stores, or a space with a fuel tank, a 
fixed carbon dioxide system must meet the following requirements.
    (i) The quantity of carbon dioxide in kilograms (pounds) that the 
system must be capable of providing to a space must not be less than 
the gross volume of the space divided by the appropriate factor given 
in Table 181.410(f)(4)(i). If fuel can drain from a space being 
protected to an adjacent space or if the spaces are not entirely 
separate, the volume of both spaces must be used to determine the 
quantity of carbon dioxide to be provided. The carbon dioxide must be 
arranged to discharge into both such spaces simultaneously.

                         Table 181.410(f)(4)(i)                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Gross volume of space in cubic meters (feet)   
       Factor        ---------------------------------------------------
                                Over                    Not Over        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.94 (15)...........  ........................          14 (500)        
1.0 (16)............          14 (500)                  45 (1,600)      
1.1 (18)............          45 (1,600)               125 (4,500)      
1.2 (20)............         125 (4,500)              1400 (50,000)     
1.4 (22)............        1400 (50,000)       ........................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) The minimum size of a branch line to a space must be as noted 
in Table 181.410(f)(4)(ii).

                         Table 181.410(f)(4)(ii)                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Maximum quantity of carbon dioxide     Minimum nominal pipe size  mm  
          required  kg (lbs)                        (inches)            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
45.4 (100)...........................             12.7 (0.5)            
102 (225)............................               19 (0.75)           
136 (300)............................               25 (1.0)            
272 (600)............................               30 (1.25)           
454 (1000)...........................               40 (1.5)            
1111 (2450)..........................               50 (2.0)            
1134 (2,500).........................               65 (2.5)            
2018 (4,450).........................               75 (3.0)            
3220 (7,100).........................               90 (3.5)            
4739 (10,450)........................              100 (4.0)            
6802 (15,000)........................              113 (4.5)            
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) Distribution piping within a space must be proportioned from 
the distribution line to give proper supply to the outlets without 
throttling.
    (iv) The number, type, and location of discharge outlets must 
provide uniform distribution of carbon dioxide throughout a space.
    (v) The area of each discharge outlet must not exceed 85 percent 
nor be less than 35 percent of the nominal cylinder outlet area or the 
area of the supply pipe, whichever is smaller. The nominal cylinder 
outlet area in square millimeters is determined by multiplying the 
factor 0.015 (0.0022 if using square inches) by the total capacity in 
kilograms of all carbon dioxide cylinders in the system, except in no 
case must the outlet area be of less than 71 square millimeters (0.110 
square inches if using pounds).
    (vi) The discharge of at least 85 percent of the required amount of 
carbon dioxide must be completed within two minutes.
    (5) When installed in an enclosed ventilation system for rotating 
electrical propulsion equipment a fixed carbon dioxide extinguishing 
system must meet the following requirements.
    (i) The quantity of carbon dioxide in kilograms must be sufficient 
for initial and delayed discharges as required by this paragraph. The 
initial discharge must be equal to the gross volume of the system 
divided by 160 (10 if using pounds) for ventilation systems having a 
volume of less than 57 cubic meters (2,000 cubic feet), or divided by 
192 (12 if using pounds) for ventilation systems having a volume of at 
least 57 cubic meters (2,000 cubic feet). In addition, there must be 
sufficient carbon dioxide available to permit delayed discharges to 
maintain at least a 25 percent concentration until the equipment can be 
stopped. If the initial discharge achieves this concentration, a 
delayed discharge is not required.
    (ii) The piping sizes for the initial discharge must be in 
accordance with Table 181.410(f)(4)(ii) and the discharge of the 
required amount must be completed within two minutes.
    (iii) Piping for the delayed discharge must not be less than 12.7 
millimeters (0.5 inches) nominal pipe size, and need not meet specific 
requirement for discharge rate.
    (iv) Piping for the delayed discharge may be incorporated with the 
initial discharge piping.
    (6) When installed in a cargo space a fixed carbon dioxide 
extinguishing system must meet the following requirements.
    (i) The number of kilograms (pounds) of carbon dioxide required for 
each space in cubic meters (feet) must be equal to the gross volume of 
the space in cubic meters (feet) divided by 480 (30 if using pounds).
    (ii) System piping must be of at least 19 millimeters (0.75 
inches).
    (iii) No specific discharge rate is required.
    (g) Specific requirements for Halon 1301 systems. (1) A custom 
engineering fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which uses Halon 1301, 
must comply with the applicable sections of UL Standard 1058 
``Halogenated Agent Extinguishing System Units,'' and the requirements 
of this paragraph.
    (2) The Halon 1301 quantity and discharge requirements of UL 1058 
apply, with the exception that the Halon 1301 design concentration must 
be 6 percent at the lowest ambient temperature expected in the space. 
If the lowest temperature is not known, a temperature of -18 deg. C 
(0 deg. F) must be assumed.
    (3) Each storage cylinder in a system must have the same pressure 
and volume.
    (4) Computer programs used in designing systems must have been 
approved by an independent laboratory.

    Note to Sec. 181.410(g): As of Jan. 1, 1994, the United States 
banned the production of Halon. The Environmental Protection Agency 
placed significant restrictions on the servicing and maintenance of 
systems containing Halon. Vessels operating on an international 
voyage, subject to SOLAS requirements, are prohibited from 
installing 

[[Page 986]]
fixed gas fire extinguishing systems containing Halon.


Sec. 181.420  Pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

    (a) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system must:
    (1) Be approved by the Commandant;
    (2) Be capable of manual actuation from outside the space in 
addition to automatic actuation by a heat detector;
    (3) Automatically shut down all power ventilation systems and all 
engines that draw intake air from within the protected space; and
    (4) Be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's 
instructions.
    (b) A vessel on which a pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing 
system is installed must have the following equipment at the operating 
station:
    (1) A light to indicate discharge;
    (2) An audible alarm that sounds upon discharge; and
    (3) A means to reset devices used to automatically shut down 
ventilation systems and engines as required by paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section.
    (c) Only one pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system is 
allowed to be installed in each space protected by such a system.


Sec. 181.425  Galley hood fire extinguishing systems.

    (a) A grease extraction hood required by Sec. 181.400 must meet UL 
710 ``Exhaust Hoods for Commercial Cooking Equipment,'' or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.
    (b) A grease extraction hood must be equipped with a dry or wet 
chemical fire extinguishing system meeting the applicable sections of 
NFPA 17 ``Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems,'' 17A ``Wet Chemical 
Extinguishing Systems,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant, 
and must be listed by an independent laboratory recognized by the 
Commandant.


Sec. 181.450  Independent modular smoke detecting units.

    (a) An independent modular smoke detecting unit must:
    (1) Meet UL Standard 217 and be listed as a ``Single Station Smoke 
detector--Also suitable for use in Recreational Vehicles,'' or other 
standard specified by the Commandant;
    (2) Contain an independent power source; and
    (3) Alarm on low power.

Subpart E--Portable Fire Extinguishers


Sec. 181.500  Required number, type, and location.

    (a) Each portable fire extinguisher on a vessel must be of an 
approved type. The minimum number of portable fire extinguishers 
required on a vessel must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI, but must 
be not less than the minimum number required by Table 181.500(a) and 
other provisions of this section.

                                                Table 181.500(a)                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Type extinguisher permitted                   
       Space protected          Minimum No.   ------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  required         CG class               Medium                  Min size      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating Station...........  1..............  B-I, C-I.......  Halon....................  1.1 kg (2.5 lb).     
                                                                C02......................  1.8kg (4 lb).        
                                                                Dry Chemical.............  0.9 kg (2 lb).       
Machinery Space.............  1..............  B-II, C-II       C02......................  6.8 kg (15 lb).      
                                                located just                                                    
                                                outside exit.                                                   
                                                                Dry chemical.............  4.5 kg (10 lb).      
Open Vehicle Deck...........  1 for every 10   B-II...........  Foam.....................  9.5 L (2.5 gal).     
                               vehicles.                                                                        
                                                                Halon....................  4.5 kg (10 lb).      
                                                                C02......................  6.8 kg (15 lb).      
                                                                Dry Chemical.............  4.5 kg (10 lb).      
Accomodation Space..........  1 for each       A-II...........  Foam.....................  9.5 L (2.5 gal).     
                               232.3 square                     Dry Chemical.............  2.3 kg (5 lb).       
                               meters (2.500                                                                    
                               square feet)                                                                     
                               or fraction                                                                      
                               thereof.                                                                         
Galley, Pantry, Concession    1..............  A-II, B-II.....  Foam.....................  9.5 L (2.5 gal).     
 Stand.                                                                                                         
                                                                Dry Chemical.............  4.5 kg (10 lb).      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) A vehicle deck without a fixed sprinkler system and exposed to 
weather must have one B-II portable fire extinguisher for every five 
vehicles, located near an entrance to the space.
    (c) The cognizant OCMI may permit the use of a larger portable fire 
extinguisher, or a semiportable fire extinguisher, in lieu of those 
required by this section.
    (d) The frame or support of each B-V fire extinguisher permitted by 
paragraph (d) of this section must be welded or otherwise permanently 
attached to a bulkhead or deck.


Sec. 181.520  Installation and location.

    Portable fire extinguishers must be located so that they are 
clearly visible and readily accessible from the space being protected. 
The installation and location must be to the satisfaction of the 
Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

Subpart F--Additional Equipment


Sec. 181.600  Fire axe.

    A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have at 
least one fire axe located in or adjacent to the primary operating 
station.


Sec. 181.610  Fire bucket.

    A vessel not required to have a power driven fire pump by 
Sec. 181.610 must have at least three 9.5 liter (2\1/2\ gallon) 
buckets, with an attached lanyard satisfactory to the cognizant OCMI, 
placed so as to be easily available during an emergency. The words 
``FIRE BUCKET'' must be stenciled in a contrasting color on each 
bucket.

PART 182--MACHINERY INSTALLATION

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
182.100  Intent.
182.115  Applicability to existing vessels.
182.130  Alternative standards.

Subpart B--Propulsion Machinery

182.200  General.
182.220  Installations.

Subpart C--Auxiliary Machinery

182.310  Installations.
182.320  Water heaters.
182.330  Pressure vessels.

[[Page 987]]


Subpart D--Specific Machinery Requirements

182.400  Applicability.
182.405  Fuel restrictions.
182.410  General requirements.
182.415  Carburetors.
182.420  Engine cooling.
182.422  Keel and grid cooler installations.
182.425  Engine exhaust cooling.
182.430  Engine exhaust pipe installation.
182.435  Integral fuel tanks.
182.440  Independent fuel tanks.
182.445  Fill and sounding pipes for fuel tanks.
182.450 Vent pipes for fuel tanks.
182.455  Fuel piping.
182.458  Portable fuel systems.
182.460  Ventilation of spaces containing machinery powered by, or 
fuel tanks for, gasoline.
182.465  Ventilation of spaces containing diesel machinery.
182.470  Ventilation of spaces containing diesel fuel tanks.
182.480  Flammable vapor detection systems.

Subpart E--Bilge and Ballast Systems

182.500  General.
182.510  Bilge piping system.
182.520  Bilge pumps.
182.530  Bilge high level alarms.
182.540  Ballast systems.

Subpart F--Steering Systems

182.600  General.
182.610  Main steering gear.
182.620  Auxiliary means of steering.

Subpart G--Piping Systems

182.700  General.
182.710  Piping for vital systems.
182.715  Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-
vital systems.
182.720  Nonmetallic piping materials.
182.730  Nonferrous metallic piping materials.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 
Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 182.100  Intent.

    This part contains requirements for the design, construction, 
installation, and operation of propulsion and auxiliary machinery, 
piping and pressure systems, steering apparatus, and associated safety 
systems. Machinery and equipment installed on each vessel must be 
suitable for the vessel and its operation and for the purpose intended. 
All machinery and equipment must be installed and maintained in such a 
manner as to afford adequate protection from causing fire, explosion, 
machinery failure, and personnel injury.


Sec. 182.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of 
this section, an existing vessel must comply with the regulations on 
machinery, bilge and ballast system equipment, steering apparatus, and 
piping systems or components that were applicable to the vessel on 
March 10, 1996 or, as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the 
regulations in this part.
    (b) New installations of machinery, bilge and ballast system 
equipment, steering equipment, and piping systems or components on an 
existing vessel, which are completed to the satisfaction of the 
cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) on or after March 
11, 1996, must comply with the regulations of this part. Replacement of 
existing equipment installed on the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, 
need not comply with the regulations in this part.
    (c) An existing vessel equipped with machinery powered by gasoline 
or other fuels having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or 
lower must comply with the requirements of Sec. 182.410(c) on or before 
March 11, 1999.
    (d) On or before March 11, 1999, an existing vessel must comply 
with the bilge high level alarm requirements in Sec. 182.530.


Sec. 182.130  Alternative standards.

    A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length carrying 
not more than 12 passengers propelled by gasoline or diesel internal 
combustion engines, other than a High Speed Craft, may comply with the 
following American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) Projects or 33 CFR 
subchapter S (Boating Safety), where indicated in this part, in lieu of 
complying with those requirements:
    (a) H-2--``Ventilation of Boats Using Gasoline'', or 33 CFR 183, 
Subpart K, ``Ventilation'';
    (b) H-22--``DC Electric Bilge Pumps Operating Under 50 Volts'';
    (c) H-24--``Gasoline Fuel Systems'', or 33 CFR 183, Subpart J--
``Fuel System'';
    (d) H-25--``Portable Gasoline Fuel Systems for Flammable Liquids'';
    (e) H-32--``Ventilation of Boats Using Diesel Fuel'';
    (f) H-33--``Diesel Fuel Systems'';
    (g) P-1--``Installation of Exhaust Systems for Propulsion and 
Auxiliary Engines''; and
    (h) P-4--``Marine Inboard Engines''.

Subpart B--Propulsion Machinery


Sec. 182.200  General.

    (a) Propulsion machinery must be suitable in type and design for 
propulsion requirements of the hull in which it is installed and 
capable of operating at constant marine load under such requirements 
without exceeding its designed limitations.
    (b) All engines must have at least two means for stopping the 
engine(s) under any operating conditions. The fuel oil shutoff required 
at the engine by Sec. 182.455(b)(4) will satisfy one means of stopping 
the engine.


Sec. 182.220  Installations.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, propulsion 
machinery installations must comply with the provisions of this part.
    (b) The requirements for machinery and boilers for steam and 
electrically propelled vessels are contained in applicable regulations 
in subchapter F (Marine Engineering) and subchapter J (Electrical 
Engineering) of this chapter.
    (c) Propulsion machinery of an unusual type for small passenger 
vessels must be given separate consideration and is subject to such 
requirements as determined necessary by the cognizant OCMI. These 
unusual types of propulsion machinery include:
    (1) Gas turbine machinery installations;
    (2) Air screws;
    (3) Hydraulic jets; and
    (4) Machinery installations using lift devices.

Subpart C--Auxiliary Machinery


Sec. 182.310  Installations.

    (a) Auxiliary machinery of the internal combustion piston type must 
comply with the provisions of this part.
    (b) Auxiliary machinery of the steam or gas turbine type will be 
given separate consideration and must meet the applicable requirements 
of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter as determined 
necessary by the cognizant OCMI.
    (c) Auxiliary boilers and heating boilers and their associated 
piping and fittings will be given separate consideration and must meet 
the applicable requirements of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of 
this chapter as determined necessary by the cognizant OCMI, except that 
heating boilers must be tested or examined every three years.


Sec. 182.320  Water heaters.

    (a) A water heater must meet the requirements of Parts 53 and 63 of 
this chapter if rated at more than 689 kPa (100 psig) or 121 deg. C 
(250 deg. F).
    (b) A water heater must meet the requirements of Parts 53 and 63 of 
this chapter if rated at not more than 689 kPa (100 psig) and 121 deg. 
C (250 deg. F), except that an electric water heater is also acceptable 
if it:
    (1) Has a capacity of not more than 454 liters (120 gallons);
    (2) Has a heat input of not more than 58.6 kilowatts (200,000 Btu 
per hour);

[[Page 988]]

    (3) Is listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) under UL 174, 
``Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters,'' UL 1453, ``Electric 
Booster and Commercial Storage Tank Water Heaters,'' or other standard 
specified by the Commandant; and
    (4) Is protected by a pressure-temperature relief device.
    (c) A water heater must be installed and secured from rolling by 
straps or other devices to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 182.330  Pressure vessels.

    All unfired pressure vessels must be installed to the satisfaction 
of the cognizant OCMI. The design, construction, and original testing 
of such unfired pressure vessels must meet the applicable requirements 
of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter.

Subpart D--Specific Machinery Requirements


Sec. 182.400  Applicability.

    (a) This subpart applies to all propulsion and auxiliary machinery 
installations of the internal combustion piston type.
    (b) Requirements of this subpart that are only applicable to 
engines that use gasoline or other fuels having a flashpoint of 
43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower are specifically designated in each 
section.
    (c) Requirements of this subpart that are only applicable to 
engines that use diesel fuel or other fuels having a flashpoint of more 
than 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) are specifically designated in each 
section.
    (d) Where no specific gasoline, diesel, or other fuel designation 
exists, the requirements of this subpart are applicable to all types of 
fuels and machinery.


Sec. 182.405  Fuel restrictions.

    The use of alternative fuels, other than diesel fuel or gasoline, 
as fuel for an internal combustion engine will be reviewed on a case by 
case basis by Commandant.


Sec. 182.410  General requirements.

    (a) Starting motors, generators, and any spark producing device 
must be mounted as high above the bilges as practicable. Electrical 
equipment in spaces, compartments, or enclosures that contain machinery 
powered by, or fuel tanks for, gasoline or other fuels having a 
flashpoint of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower must be explosion-
proof, intrinsically safe, or ignition protected for use in a gasoline 
atmosphere as required by Sec. 183.530 of this chapter.
    (b) Gauges to indicate engine revolutions per minute (RPM), jacket 
water discharge temperature, and lubricating oil pressure must be 
provided for all propulsion engines installed in the vessel. The gauges 
must be readily visible at the operating station.
    (c) An enclosed space containing machinery powered by gasoline or 
other fuels having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower 
must be equipped with a flammable vapor detection device in compliance 
with Sec. 182.480.
    (d) In systems and applications where flexible hoses are permitted 
to be clamped:
    (1) Double hose clamping is required where practicable;
    (2) The clamps must be of a corrosion resistant metallic material;
    (3) The clamps must not depend on spring tension for their holding 
power; and
    (4) Two clamps must be used on each end of the hose, or one hose 
clamp can be used if the pipe ends are expanded or beaded to provide a 
positive stop against hose slippage.


Sec. 182.415  Carburetors.

    (a) All carburetors except the downdraft type must be equipped with 
integral or externally fitted drip collectors of adequate capacity and 
arranged so as to permit ready removal of fuel leakage. Externally 
fitted drip collectors, must be covered with flame screens. Drip 
collectors, where practicable, should automatically drain back to 
engine air intakes.
    (b) All gasoline engines installed in a vessel, except outboard 
engines, must be equipped with an acceptable means of backfire flame 
control. Installation of backfire flame arresters bearing basic 
Approval Numbers 162.015 or 162.041 or engine air and fuel induction 
systems bearing basic Approval Numbers 162.042 or 162.043 may be 
continued in use as long as they are serviceable and in good condition. 
New installations or replacements must meet the applicable requirements 
of this section.
    (c) The following are acceptable means of backfire flame control 
for gasoline engines:
    (1) A backfire flame arrester complying with Society of Automotive 
Engineers (SAE) J-1928, ``Devices Providing Backfire Flame Control for 
Gasoline Engines in Marine Applications,'' or UL 1111, ``Marine 
Carburetor Flame Arrestors,'' and marked accordingly. The flame 
arrester must be suitably secured to the air intake with a flametight 
connection.
    (2) An engine air and fuel induction system that provides adequate 
protection from propagation of backfire flame to the atmosphere 
equivalent to that provided by an acceptable backfire flame arrester. A 
gasoline engine utilizing an air and fuel induction system, and 
operated without an approved backfire flame arrester, must either 
include a reed valve assembly or be installed in accordance with SAE J-
1928, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (3) An arrangement of the carburetor or engine air induction system 
that will disperse any flames caused by engine backfire. The flames 
must be dispersed to the atmosphere outside the vessel in such a manner 
that the flames will not endanger the vessel, persons on board, or 
nearby vessels and structures. Flame dispersion may be achieved by 
attachments to the carburetor or location of the engine air induction 
system. All attachments must be of metallic construction with 
flametight connections and firmly secured to withstand vibration, 
shock, and engine backfire. Such installations do not require formal 
approval and labeling but must comply with this subpart.
    (4) An engine air induction system on a vessel with an integrated 
engine-vessel design must be approved, marked, and tested under 
Sec. 162.043 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 182.420  Engine cooling.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and 
(e) of this section, all engines must be water cooled and meet the 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) The engine head, block, and exhaust manifold must be water-
jacketed and cooled by water from a pump that operates whenever the 
engine is operating.
    (2) A suitable hull strainer must be installed in the circulating 
raw water intake line of an engine cooling water system.
    (3) A closed fresh water system may be used to cool the engine.
    (b) An engine water cooling system on a vessel of not more than 
19.8 meters (65 feet) in length carrying not more than 12 passengers, 
may comply with the requirements of ABYC Project P-4, ``Marine Inboard 
Engines,'' instead of the requirements of paragraph (a) of this 
section.
    (c) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers, a propulsion gasoline engine may 
be air cooled when in compliance with the requirements of ABYC Project 
P-4.
    (d) An auxiliary gasoline engine may be air cooled when:
    
[[Page 989]]

    (1) It has a self-contained fuel system and it is installed on an 
open deck; or
    (2) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers, it is in compliance with the 
requirements of ABYC P-4.
    (e) A propulsion or auxiliary diesel engine may be air cooled or 
employ an air cooled jacket water radiator when:
    (1) Installed on an open deck and sufficient ventilation for 
machinery cooling is available;
    (2) Installed in an enclosed or partially enclosed space for which 
ventilation for machinery cooling is provided, which complies with the 
requirement of Sec. 182.465(b), and other necessary safeguards are 
taken so as not to endanger the vessel; or
    (3) Installed on a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length carrying not more than 12 passengers, in compliance with the 
requirements of ABYC Project P-4.


Sec. 182.422  Keel and grid cooler installations.

    (a) A keel or grid cooler installation used for engine cooling must 
be designed to prevent flooding.
    (b) Except as provided in paragraph (e), a shutoff valve must be 
located where the cooler piping penetrates the shell, as near the shell 
as practicable, except where the penetration is forward of the 
collision bulkhead.
    (c) The thickness of the inlet and discharge connections, outboard 
of the shutoff valves required by paragraph (b) of this section, must 
be at least Schedule 80.
    (d) Short lengths of approved nonmetallic flexible hose, fixed by 
two hose clamps at each end of the hose, may be used at machinery 
connections for a keel cooler installation.
    (e) Shutoff valves are not required for keel or grid coolers that 
are integral to the hull. A keel cooler is considered integral to the 
hull if the following conditions are satisfied:
    (1) The cooler structure is fabricated from material of the same 
thickness and quality as the hull;
    (2) The flexible connections are located well above the deepest 
subdivision draft;
    (3) The end of the structure is faired to the hull with a slope no 
greater than 4 to 1; and
    (4) Full penetration welds are employed in the fabrication of the 
structure and its attachment to the hull.


Sec. 182.425  Engine exhaust cooling.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, all engine 
exhaust pipes must be water cooled.
    (1) Vertical dry exhaust pipes are permissible if installed in 
compliance with Secs. 177.405(b) and 177.970 of this chapter.
    (2) Horizontal dry exhaust pipes are permitted only if:
    (i) They do not pass through living or berthing spaces;
    (ii) They terminate above the deepest load waterline;
    (iii) They are so arranged as to prevent entry of cold water from 
rough or boarding seas;
    (iv) They are constructed of corrosion resisting material at the 
hull penetration; and
    (v) They are installed in compliance with Secs. 177.405(b) and 
177.970 of this chapter.
    (b) The exhaust pipe cooling water system must comply with the 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) Water for cooling the exhaust pipe must be obtained from the 
engine cooling water system or a separate engine driven pump.
    (2) Water for cooling the exhaust pipe, other than a vertical 
exhaust, must be injected into the exhaust system as near to the engine 
manifold as practicable. The water must pass through the entire length 
of the exhaust pipe.
    (3) The part of the exhaust system between the point of cooling 
water injection and the engine manifold must be water-jacketed or 
effectively insulated and protected in compliance with Secs. 177.405(b) 
and 177.970 of this chapter.
    (4) Vertical exhaust pipes must be water-jacketed or suitably 
insulated as required by Sec. 182.430(g).
    (5) When the exhaust cooling water system is separate from the 
engine cooling water system, a suitable warning device, visual or 
audible, must be installed at the operating station to indicate any 
reduction in normal water flow in the exhaust cooling system.
    (6) A suitable hull strainer must be installed in the circulating 
new water intake line for the exhaust cooling system.
    (c) Engine exhaust cooling system built in accordance with the 
requirements of ABYC Project P-1, ``Installation of Exhaust Systems for 
Propulsion and Auxiliary Machinery,'' will be considered as meeting the 
requirements of this section.


Sec. 182.430  Engine exhaust pipe installation.

    (a) The design of all exhaust systems must ensure minimum risk of 
injury to personnel. Protection must be provided in compliance with 
Sec. 177.970 of this chapter at such locations where persons or 
equipment might come in contact with an exhaust pipe.
    (b) Exhaust gas must not leak from the piping or any connections. 
The piping must be properly supported by noncombustible hangers or 
blocks.
    (c) The exhaust piping must be so arranged as to prevent backflow 
of water from reaching engine exhaust ports under normal conditions.
    (d) An exhaust pipe discharge located less than 75 millimeters (3 
inches) above the deepest load waterline must be installed with a means 
to prevent the entrance of water.
    (e) Pipes used for wet exhaust lines must be Schedule 80 or 
corrosion-resistant material and adequately protected from mechanical 
damage.
    (f) Where flexibility is necessary, a section of flexible metallic 
hose may be used. Nonmetallic hose may be used for wet exhaust systems 
provided it is especially adapted to resist the action of oil, acid, 
and heat, has a wall thickness sufficient to prevent collapsing or 
panting, and is double clamped where practicable.
    (g) Where an exhaust pipe passes through a watertight bulkhead, the 
watertight integrity of the bulkhead must be maintained. Noncombustible 
packing must be used in bulkhead penetration glands for dry exhaust 
systems. A wet exhaust pipe may be welded to a steel or equivalent 
bulkhead in way of a penetration and a fiberglass wet exhaust pipe may 
be fiberglassed to a fiberglass reinforced plastic bulkhead if suitable 
arrangements are provided to relieve the stresses resulting from the 
expansion of the exhaust piping.
    (h) A dry exhaust pipe must:
    (1) If it passes through a combustible bulkhead or partition, be 
kept clear of, and suitably insulated or shielded from, combustible 
material.
    (2) Be provided with noncombustible hangers and blocks for support.
    (i) An exhaust pipe discharge terminating in a transom must be 
located as far outboard as practicable so that exhaust gases cannot 
reenter the vessel.
    (j) Arrangements must be made to provide access to allow complete 
inspection of the exhaust piping throughout its length.
    (k) An exhaust installation subject to pressures in excess of 135 
kPa (5 psig) gauge or having exhaust pipes passing through living or 
working spaces must meet the material requirements of Part 56 of 
subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter.
    (1) Engine exhaust installations built in accordance with the 
requirements of ABYC Project P-1, will be considered as meeting the 
requirements of this section.

[[Page 990]]



Sec. 182.435  Integral fuel tanks.

    (a) Gasoline fuel tanks must be independent of the hull.
    (b) Diesel fuel tanks may not be built integral with the hull of a 
vessel unless the hull is made of:
    (1) Steel;
    (2) Aluminum; or
    (3) Fiber reinforced plastic when:
    (i) Sandwich construction is not used; or
    (ii) Sandwich construction is used with only a core material of 
closed cell polyvinyl chloride.
    (c) During the initial inspection for certification of a vessel, 
integral fuel tanks must withstand a hydrostatic pressure test of 35 
kPa (5 psig), or the maximum pressure head to that they may be 
subjected in service, whichever is greater. A standpipe of 3.5 meters 
(11.5 feet) in height attached to the tank may be filled with water to 
accomplish the 35 kPa (5 psig) test.


Sec. 182.440  Independent fuel tanks.

    (a) Materials and construction. Independent fuel tanks must be 
designed and constructed of materials in compliance with the 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) The material used and the minimum thickness allowed must be as 
indicated in Table 182.440(a)(1), except that other materials that 
provide equivalent safety may be approved for use under paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section. Tanks having a capacity of more than 570 liters 
(150 gallons) must be designed to withstand the maximum head to which 
they may be subjected in service, but in no case may the thickness be 
less than that specified in Table 182.440(a)(1).

                                                                   Table 182.440(a)(1)                                                                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Thickness in millimeters (inches) and [gage number] 1 vs. tank capacities for:            
                                     ASTM       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Material              specification                                       More than 300 liter (80 gal) and                                   
                               (latest edition)     4 to 300 liter (1 to 80 gal)    not more than 570 liter (150 gal)   Over 570 liter (150 gal) 2 tanks
                                                               tanks                              tanks                                                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nickel-cooper................  B127, hot rolled  0.94 (0.037) [USSG 20] \3\.......  1.27 (0.050) [USSG 18]...........  2.72 (0.107) [USSG 12]           
                                sheet or plate.                                                                                                         
Copper-nickel 4..............  B122, UNS alloy   1.14 (0.045) [AWG 17]............  1.45 (0.057) [AWG 15]............  3.25 (0.128) [AWG 8]             
                                C71500.                                                                                                                 
Copper 4.....................  B152, UNS alloy   1.45 (0.057) [AWG 15]............  2.06 (0.081) [AWG 12]............  4.62 (0.182) [AWG 5]             
                                C11000.                                                                                                                 
Copper-silicon 4.............  B97,alloys A, B,  1.29 (0.051) [AWG 16]............  1.63 (0.064) [AWG 14]............  3.66 (0.144) [AWG 7]             
                                and C.                                                                                                                  
Steel or iron 5,6............  * * * * *         1.90 (0.0747) [MSG 14]...........  2.66 (0.1046) [MSG 12]...........  4.55 (0.1793) [MSG 7]            
Aluminum 7...................  B209, alloy       6.35 (0.250) [USSG 3]............  6.35 (0.250) [USSG 3]............  6.35 (0.250) [USSG 3]            
                                5052, 5083,                                                                                                             
                                5086.                                                                                                                   
Fiber reinforced plastic.....  * * * * *         As required 8....................  As required 8....................  As required 8                    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The gage numbers used in this table may be found in many standard engineering reference books. The letters ``USSG'' stand for ``U.S. Standard       
  Gage,'' which was established by the act of March 3, 1892 (15 U.S.C. 206), for sheet and plate iron and steel. The letters ``AWG'' stand for          
  ``American Wire Gage'' (or Brown and Sharpe Gage) for nonferrous sheet thicknesses. The letters ``MSG'' stand for ``Manufacturers' Standard Gage'' for
  sheet steel thickness.                                                                                                                                
\2\ Tanks over 1514 liters (400 gallons) shall be designed with a factor of safety of four on the ultimate strength of the material used with a design  
  head of not less than 1220 millimeters (4 feet) of liquid above the top of the tank.                                                                  
\3\ Nickel-copper not less than 0.79 millimeter (0.031 inch) [USSG 22] may be used for tanks up to 114-liter (30-gallon) capacity.                      
\4\ Acceptable only for gasoline service.                                                                                                               
\5\ Gasoline fuel tanks constructed of iron or steel, which are less than 5 millimeter (0.1875) inch) thick, shall be galvanized inside and outside by  
  the hot dip process. Tanks intended for use with diesel oil shall not be internally galvanized.                                                       
\6\ Stainless steel tanks are not included in this category.                                                                                            
\7\ Anodic to most common metals. Avoid dissimilar metal contact with tank body.                                                                        
\8\ The requirements of Sec.  182.440(a)(2) apply.                                                                                                      

    (2) Fiber reinforced plastic may be used for diesel fuel tanks 
under the following provisions:
    (i) The materials must be fire retardant. Flammability of the 
material must be determined by the standard test methods in America 
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D635, ``Rate of Burning and/or 
Extent and Time of Burning of Self-supporting Plastics in a Horizontal 
Position,'' and ASTM D2863, ``Measuring the Minimum Oxygen 
Concentration to Support Candle-like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen 
Index),'' or other standard specified by the Commandant. The results of 
these tests must show that the average extent of burning is less than 
10 millimeters (0.394 inches), the average time of burning is less than 
50 seconds, and the limiting oxygen index is greater than 21.
    (ii) Tanks must meet UL 1102, ``Non integral Marine Fuel Tanks,'' 
or other standard specified by the Commandant. Testing may be 
accomplished by an independent laboratory or by the fabricator to the 
satisfaction of the OCMI.
    (iii) Tanks must be designed to withstand the maximum head to which 
they may be subjected to in service.
    (iv) Installation of nozzles, flanges or other fittings for pipe 
connections to the tanks must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.
    (v) Baffle plates, if installed, must be of the same material and 
not less than the minimum thickness of the tank walls. Limber holes at 
the bottom and air holes at the top of all baffles must be provided. 
Baffle plates must be installed at the time the tests required by UL 
Standard 1102, or other standard specified by the Commandant, are 
conducted.
    (3) Materials other than those listed in Table 182.440(a)(1) must 
be approved by the Commandant. An independent tank using material 
approved by the Commandant under this paragraph must meet the testing 
requirements of UL Standard 1102, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant. Testing may be accomplished by an independent laboratory or 
by the fabricator to the satisfaction of the OCMI.
    (4) Tanks with flanged-up top edges that may trap and hold moisture 
are prohibited.
    (5) Openings for fill pipes, vent pipes, and machinery fuel supply 
pipes, and openings for fuel level gauges, where used, must be on the 
topmost surfaces of tanks. Tanks may not have any openings in bottoms, 
sides, or ends, except for:
    (i) An opening fitted with a threaded plug or cap installed for 
tank cleaning purposes; and
    (ii) In a diesel fuel tank, openings for supply piping and tubular 
gauge glasses.
    (6) All tank joints must be welded or brazed. Lap joints may not be 
used.

[[Page 991]]

    (7) Nozzles, flanges, or other fittings for pipe connections to a 
metal tank must be welded or brazed to the tank. Tank openings in way 
of pipe connections must be properly reinforced where necessary. Where 
fuel level gauges are used on a metal tank, the flanges to which gauge 
fittings are attached must be welded or brazed to the tank. No tubular 
gauge glasses may be fitted to gasoline fuel tanks. Tubular gauge 
glasses, if fitted to diesel fuel tanks, must be of heat resistant 
materials, adequately protected from mechanical damage, and provided at 
the tank connections with devices that will automatically close in the 
event of rupture of the gauge or gauge lines.
    (8) A metal tank exceeding 760 millimeters (30 inches) in any 
horizontal dimension must:
    (i) Be fitted with vertical baffle plates, which meet subparagraph 
(a)(9) of this section, at intervals not exceeding 760 millimeters (30 
inches) to provide strength and to control the excessive surge of fuel; 
or
    (ii) The owner shall submit calculations to the cognizant OCMI 
demonstrating the structural adequacy of the tank in a fully loaded 
static condition and in a worst case dynamic (sloshing) condition.
    (9) Baffle plates, where required in metal tanks, must be of the 
same material and not less than the minimum thickness required in the 
tank walls and must be connected to the tank walls by welding or 
brazing. Limber holes at the bottom and air holes at the top of all 
baffles must be provided.
    (10) Iron or steel diesel fuel tanks must not be galvanized on the 
interior. Galvanizing, paint, or other suitable coating must be used to 
protect the outside of iron and steel diesel fuel tanks and the inside 
and outside of iron and steel gasoline fuel tanks.
    (b) Location and installation. Independent fuel tanks must be 
located and installed in compliance with the requirements of this 
paragraph.
    (1) Fuel tanks must be located in, or as close as practicable to, 
machinery spaces.
    (2) Fuel tanks and fittings must be so installed as to permit 
examination, testing, or removal for cleaning with minimum disturbance 
to the hull structure.
    (3) Fuel tanks must be adequately supported and braced to prevent 
movement. The supports and braces must be insulated from contact with 
the tank surfaces with a nonabrasive and nonabsorbent material.
    (4) All fuel tanks must be electrically bonded to a common ground.
    (c) Tests. Independent fuel tanks must be tested in compliance with 
the requirements of this part prior to being used to carry fuel.
    (1) Prior to installation, tanks vented to the atmosphere must be 
hydrostatically tested to, and must withstand, a pressure of 35 kPa (5 
psig) or 1\1/2\ times the maximum pressure head to which they may be 
subjected in service, whichever is greater. A standpipe of 3.5 meters 
(11.5 feet) in height attached to the tank may be filled with water to 
accomplish the 35 kPa (5 psig) test. Permanent deformation of the tank 
will not be cause for rejection unless accompanied by leakage.
    (2) After installation of the fuel tank on a vessel, the complete 
installation must be tested in the presence of a marine inspector, or 
individual specified by the cognizant OCMI, to a head not less than 
that to which the tank may be subjected in service. Fuel may be used as 
the testing medium.
    (3) All tanks not vented to the atmosphere must be constructed and 
tested in accordance with Sec. 182.330 of this part.
    (d) Alternative procedures. A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters 
(65 feet) in length carrying not more than 12 passengers, with 
independent gasoline fuel tanks built in accordance with ABYC Project 
H-24, or 33 CFR 183, Subpart J, or with independent diesel fuel tanks 
built in accordance with ABYC Project H-33, will be considered as 
meeting the requirements of this section. However, tanks must not be 
fabricated from any material not listed in Table 182.440(a)(1) without 
approval by the Commandant under paragraph (a)(3) of this section.


Sec. 182.445  Fill and sounding pipes for fuel tanks.

    (a) Fill pipes for fuel tanks must be not less than 40 millimeters 
(1.5 inches) nominal pipe size.
    (b) There must be a means of accurately determining the amount of 
fuel in each fuel tank either by sounding, through a separate sounding 
pipe or a fill pipe, or by an installed marine type fuel gauge.
    (c) Where sounding pipes are used, their openings must be at least 
as high as the opening of the fill pipe and they must be kept closed at 
all times except during sounding.
    (d) Fill pipes and sounding pipes must be so arranged that overflow 
of liquid or vapor cannot escape to the inside of the vessel.
    (e) Fill pipes and sounding pipes must run as directly as possible, 
preferably in a straight line, from the deck connection to the top of 
the tank. Such pipes must terminate on the weather deck and must be 
fitted with shutoff valves, watertight deck plates, or screw caps, 
suitably marked for identification. Gasoline fill pipes and sounding 
pipes must extend to within one-half of their diameter from the bottom 
of the tank. Diesel fill pipes and sounding pipes may terminate at the 
top of the tank.
    (f) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) carrying not 
more than 12 passengers, with a gasoline fuel system built in 
accordance with ABYC Project H-24, or 33 CFR 183, Subpart J, or with a 
diesel fuel system built in accordance with ABYC Project H-33, will be 
considered as meeting the requirements of this section.
    (g) Where a flexible fill pipe section is necessary, suitable 
flexible tubing or hose having high resistance to salt water, petroleum 
oils, heat and vibration, may be used. Such hose must overlap metallic 
pipe ends at the least 1\1/2\ times the pipe diameter and must be 
secured at each end by clamps. The flexible section must be accessible 
and as near the upper end of the fill pipe as practicable. When the 
flexible section is a nonconductor of electricity, the metallic 
sections of the fill pipe separated thereby must be joined by a 
conductor for protection against generation of a static charge when 
filling with fuel.


Sec. 182.450  Vent pipes for fuel tanks.

    (a) Each unpressurized fuel tank must be fitted with a vent pipe 
connected to the highest point of the tank.
    (b) The net cross sectional area of the vent pipe for a gasoline 
fuel tank must not be less than that of 19 millimeters (0.75 inches) 
outer diameter (O.D.) tubing (0.9 millimeter (0.035 Inch) wall 
thickness, 20 gauge), except that, where the tank is filled under 
pressure, the net cross sectional area of the vent pipe must be not 
less than that of the fill pipe.
    (c) The minimum net cross sectional area of the vent pipe for 
diesel fuel tanks must be as follows:
    (1) Not less than the cross sectional area of 16 millimeters (0.625 
inches) outer diameter (O.D.) tubing (0.9 millimeter (0.035-inch) wall 
thickness, 20 gauge), if the fill pipe terminates at the top of the 
tank;
    (2) Not less than the cross sectional area of 19 millimeters (0.75 
inches) O.D. tubing (0.9 millimeter (0.035-inch) wall thickness, 20 
gauge), if the fill pipe extends into the tank; and
    (3) Not less than the cross sectional area of the fill pipe if the 
tank is filled under pressure.

[[Page 992]]

    (d) The discharge ends of fuel tank vent pipes must terminate on 
the hull exterior as high above the waterline as practicable and remote 
from any hull openings, or they must terminate in U-bends as high above 
the weather deck as practicable and as far as practicable from openings 
into any enclosed spaces. Vent pipes terminating on the hull exterior 
must be installed or equipped to prevent the accidental contamination 
of the fuel by water under normal operating conditions.
    (e) The discharge ends of fuel tank vent pipes must be fitted with 
removable flame screens or flame arresters. The flame screens must 
consist of a single screen of corrosion resistant wire of at least 
30x30 mesh. The flame screens or flame arresters must be of such size 
and design as to prevent reduction in the net cross sectional area of 
the vent pipe and permit cleaning or renewal of the flame screens or 
arrester elements.
    (f) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers, with fuel gasoline tank vents 
built in accordance with ABYC Project H-24, or 33 CFR 183, Subpart J, 
or with diesel fuel tank vents built in accordance with ABYC Project H-
33, will be considered as meeting the requirements of this section.
    (g) Where a flexible vent pipe section is necessary, suitable 
flexible tubing or hose having high resistance to salt water, petroleum 
oils, heat and vibration, may be used. Such hose must overlap metallic 
pipe ends at least 1\1/2\ times the pipe diameter and must be secured 
at each end by clamps. The flexible section must be accessible and as 
near the upper end of the vent pipe as practicable.
    (h) Fuel tank vent pipes shall be installed to gradient upward to 
prevent fuel from being trapped in the line.


Sec. 182.455  Fuel piping.

    (a) Materials and workmanship. The materials and construction of 
fuel lines, including pipe, tube, and hose, must comply with the 
requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) Fuel lines must be annealed tubing of copper, nickel-copper, or 
copper-nickel having a minimum wall thickness of 9 millimeters (0.035 
inch) except that:
    (i) Diesel fuel piping of other materials, such as seamless steel 
pipe or tubing, which provide equivalent safety may be used;
    (ii) Diesel fuel piping of aluminum is acceptable on aluminum hull 
vessels provided it is a minimum of Schedule 80 wall thickness; and
    (iii) when used, flexible hose must meet the requirements of 
Sec. 182.720(e) of this part.
    (2) Tubing connections and fittings must be of nonferrous drawn or 
forged metal of the flared type except that flareless fittings of the 
non-bite type may be used when the tubing system is of nickel-copper or 
copper-nickel. When making tube connections, the tubing must be cut 
square and flared by suitable tools. Tube ends must be annealed before 
flaring.
    (3) Cocks are prohibited except for the solid bottom type with 
tapered plugs and union bonnets.
    (4) Valves for gasoline fuel must be of a suitable nonferrous type.
    (b) Installation. The installation of fuel lines, including pipe, 
tube, and hose, must comply with the requirements of this paragraph.
    (1) Gasoline fuel lines must be connected at the top of the fuel 
tank and run at or above the level of the tank top to a point as close 
to the engine connection as practicable, except that lines below the 
level of the tank top are permitted if equipped with anti-siphon 
protection.
    (2) Diesel fuel lines may be connected to the fuel tank at or near 
the bottom of the tank.
    (3) Fuel lines must be accessible, protected from mechanical 
injury, and effectively secured against excessive movement and 
vibration by the use of soft nonferrous metal straps which have no 
sharp edges and are insulated to protect against corrosion. Where 
passing through bulkheads, fuel lines must be protected by close 
fitting ferrules or stuffing boxes. All fuel lines and fittings must be 
accessible for inspection.
    (4) Shutoff valves, installed so as to close against the fuel flow, 
must be fitted in the fuel supply lines, one at the tank connection and 
one at the engine end of the fuel line to stop fuel flow when servicing 
accessories. The shutoff valve at the tank must be manually operable 
from outside the compartment in which the valve is located, preferably 
from an accessible position on the weather deck. If the handle to the 
shutoff valve at the tank is located inside the machinery space, it 
must be located so that the operator does not have to reach more than 
300 millimeters (12 inches) into the machinery space and the valve 
handle must be shielded from flames by the same material the hull is 
constructed of, or some noncombustible material. Electric solenoid 
valves must not be used, unless used in addition to the manual valve.
    (5) A loop of copper tubing or a short length of flexible hose must 
be installed in the fuel supply line at or near the engines. The 
flexible hose must meet the requirements of Sec. 182.720(e).
    (6) A suitable metal marine type strainer, meeting the requirements 
of the engine manufacturer, must be fitted in the fuel supply line in 
the engine compartment. Strainers must be leak free. Strainers must be 
the type of opening on top for cleaning screens. A drip pan fitted with 
flame screen must be installed under gasoline strainers. Fuel filter 
and strainer bowls must be highly resistant to shattering due to 
mechanical impact and resistant to failure due to thermal shock. Fuel 
filters fitted with bowls of other than steel construction must be 
approved by the Commandant and be protected from mechanical damage. 
Approval of bowls of other than steel construction will specify if a 
flame shield is required.
    (7) All accessories installed in the fuel line must be 
independently supported.
    (8) Outlets in gasoline fuel lines that would permit drawing fuel 
below deck, for any purpose, are prohibited.
    (9) Valves for removing water or impurities from diesel fuel in 
water traps or stainers are permitted. These valves must be provided 
with caps or plugs to prevent fuel leakage.
    (c) Alterantive procedures. A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters 
(65 feet) carrying no more than 12 passengers, with machinery powered 
by gasoline and a fuel system built in accordance with ABYC Project H-
24, or 33 CFR 193, Subpart J, or with machinery powered by diesel fuel 
and a fuel system built in accordance with ABYC Project H-33, will be 
considered as meeting the requirements of this section.


Sec. 182.458  Portable fuel systems.

    (a) Portable fuel systems, including portable tanks and related 
fuel lines and accessories, are prohibited except where used for 
outboard motor installations.
    (b) The design, construction and stowage of portable tanks and 
related fuel lines and accessories must meet the requirements of ABYC 
Projected H-25, ``Portable Gasoline Fuel systems for Flammable 
Liquids,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 182.460  Ventilation of spaces containing machinery powered by, or 
fuel tanks for, gasoline.

    (a) A space containing machinery powered by, or fuel tanks for, 
gasoline must have a ventilation system that complies with this section 
and consists of:
    (1) For an enclosed space:
    (i) At least two natural ventilation supply ducts located at one 
end of the 

[[Page 993]]
space and that extend to the lowest part of the space or to the bilge 
on each side of the space; and
    (ii) A mechanical exhaust system consisting of at least two 
ventilation exhaust ducts located at the end of the space opposite from 
where the supply ducts are fitted, which extend to the lowest part or 
the bilge of the space on each side of the space, and which are led to 
one or more powered exhaust blowers; and
    (2) For a partially enclosed space, at least one ventilation duct 
installed in the forward part of the space and one ventilation duct 
installed in the after part of the space, or as otherwise required by 
the cognizant OCMI. Ducts for partially enclosed spaces must have cowls 
or scoops as required by paragraph (i) of this section.
    (b) A mechanical exhaust system required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of 
this section must be such as to assure the air changes as noted in 
Table 182.460(b) depending upon the size of the space.

                            Table 182.460(b)                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Size of space in cubic meters (feet)                              
------------------------------------------------- Minutes per air change
          Over                   Not over                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0......................           14 (500)                        2     
14 (500)...............       28.50 (1000)                        3     
28.50 (1000)...........          43 (1500)                        4     
43 (1500)..............  .......................                  5     
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) An exhaust blower motor may not be installed in a duct, and if 
mounted in any space required to be ventilated by this section, must be 
located as high above the bilge as practicable. Blower blades must be 
nonsparking with reference to their housings.
    (d) Where a fixed gas fire extinguishing system is installed in a 
space, all powered exhaust blowers for the space must automatically 
shut down upon release of the extinguishing agent.
    (e) Exhaust blower switches must be located outside of any space 
required to be ventilated by this section, and must be of the type 
interlocked with the starting switch and the ignition switch so that 
the blowers are started before the engine starter motor circuit or the 
engine ignition is energized. A red warning sign at the switch must 
state that the blowers must be operated prior to starting the engines 
for the time sufficient to insure at least one complete change of air 
in the space served.
    (f) The area of the ventilation ducts must be sufficient to limit 
the air velocity to a maximum of 10 meters per second (2,000 feet per 
minute). A duct may be of any shape, provided that in no case will one 
cross sectional dimension exceed twice the other.
    (g) A duct must be so installed that ordinary collection of water 
in the bilge will not block vapor flow.
    (h) A duct must be of rigid permanent construction, which does not 
allow any appreciable vapor flow except through normal openings, and 
made of the same material as the hull or of noncombustible material. 
The duct must lead as directly as possible from its intake opening to 
its terminus and be securely fastened and supported.
    (i) A supply duct must be provided at its intake opening with a 
cowl or scoop having a free area not less than twice the required duct 
area. When the cowl or scoop is screened, the mouth area must be 
increased to compensate for the area of the screen wire. A cowl or 
scoop must be kept open at all times except when the weather is such as 
to endanger the vessel if the openings are not temporarily closed.
    (j) Dampers may not be fitted in a supply duct.
    (k) A duct opening may not be located where the natural flow of air 
is unduly obstructed, adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition, 
or where exhaust air may be taken into a supply duct.
    (l) Provision must be made for closing all supply duct cowls or 
scoops and exhaust duct discharge openings for a space protected by a 
fixed gas extinguishing system. All closure devices must be readily 
available and mounted in the vicinity of the vent.
    (m) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers, with ventilation installations in 
accordance with ABYC Project H-2, ``Ventilation of Boats Using 
Gasoline,'' or 33 CFR 183, Subpart K, ``Ventilation,'' will be 
considered as meeting the requirements of this section.


Sec. 182.465  Ventilation of spaces containing diesel machinery.

    (a) A space containing diesel machinery must be fitted with 
adequate means such as dripproof ventilators, ducts, or louvers, to 
provide sufficient air for proper operation of main engines and 
auxiliary engines.
    (b) Air-cooled propulsion and auxiliary diesel engines installed 
below deck, as permitted by Sec. 182.420, must be fitted with air 
supply ducts or piping from the weather deck. The ducts or piping must 
be so arranged and supported to be capable of safely sustaining 
stresses induced by weight and engine vibration and to minimize 
transfer of vibration to the supporting structure. Prior to 
installation of ventilation system for such engines, plans or sketches 
showing machinery arrangement including air supplies, exhaust stack, 
method of attachment of ventilation ducts to the engine, location of 
spark arresting mufflers and capacity of ventilation blowers must be 
submitted to the cognizant OCMI for approval.
    (c) A space containing diesel machinery must be fitted with at 
least two ducts to furnish natural or powered supply and exhaust 
ventilation. The total inlet area and the total outlet area of each 
ventilation duct may not be less than one square inch for each foot of 
beam of the vessel. These minimum areas must be increased as necessary 
when the ducts are considered as part of the air supply to the engines.
    (d) A duct must be of rigid permanent construction, which does not 
allow any appreciable vapor flow except through normal openings, and 
made of the same material as the hull or of noncombustible material. 
The duct must lead as directly as possible from its intake opening to 
its terminus and be securely fastened and supported.
    (e) A supply duct must be provided with a cowl or scoop having a 
free area not less than twice the required duct area. When the cowl or 
scoop is screened, the mouth area must be increased to compensate for 
the area of the screen wire. A cowl or scoop must be kept open at all 
times except when the weather is such as to endanger the vessel if the 
openings are not temporarily closed.
    (f) Dampers may not be fitted in a supply duct.
    (g) A duct opening may not be located where the natural flow of air 
is unduly obstructed, adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition, 
or where exhaust air may be taken into a supply duct.
    (h) provision must be made for closing all supply duct cowls or 
scoops and exhaust duct discharge openings for a space protected by a 
fixed gas extinguishing system. All closure devices must be readily 
available and mounted in the vicinity of the vent.
    (i) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers, with ventilation installations in 
accordance with ABYC Project H-32, ``Ventilation of Boats Using Diesel 
Fuel,'' will be considered as meeting the requirements of this section.


Sec. 182.470  Ventilation of spaces containing diesel fuel tanks.

    (a) Unless provided with ventilation that complies with 
Sec. 182.465, a space containing a diesel fuel tank and no machinery 
must meet the requirements of this section.

[[Page 994]]

    (1) A space of 14 cubic meters (500 cubic feet) or more in volume 
must have a gooseneck vent of not less than 65 millimeters (2.5 inches) 
in diameter.
    (2) A space of less than 14 cubic meters (500 cubic feet) in volume 
must have a gooseneck vent of not less than 40 millimeters (1.5 inches) 
in diameter.
    (b) Vent openings may not be located adjacent to possible sources 
of vapor ignition.
    (c) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers, with ventilation installations in 
accordance with ABYC Project H-32, ``Ventilation of Boats Using Diesel 
Fuel,'' will be considered as meeting the requirements of this section.


Sec. 182.480  Flammable vapor detection systems.

    (a) A flammable vapor detection system required by Sec. 182.410(c) 
must meet UL Standard 1110, ``Marine Combustible Gas Indicators,'' or 
be approved by an independent laboratory.
    (b) Procedures for checking the proper operation of a flammable 
vapor detection system must be posted at the primary operating station. 
The system must be self-monitoring and include a ground fault 
indication alarm.
    (c) A flammable vapor detection system must be operational for 30 
seconds prior to engine startup and continue sensing the entire time 
the engine is running.
    (d) A flammable vapor detection system must provide a visual and 
audible alarm at the operating station.
    (e) A sensor must be located above the expected bilge water level 
in the following locations:
    (1) The lowest part of a machinery space;
    (2) The lowest part of a space containing a fuel tank when separate 
from the machinery space; and
    (3) Any other location when required by the cognizant OCMI.
    (f) A flammable vapor detection system must be installed so as to 
permit calibration in a vapor free atmosphere.
    (g) Electrical connections, wiring, and components for a flammable 
vapor detection system must comply with Part 183 of this chapter.
    (h) An operation and maintenance manual for the flammable vapor 
detection system must be kept onboard.

Subpart E--Bilge and Ballast Systems


Sec. 182.500  General.

    (a) A vessel must be provided with a satisfactory arrangement for 
draining any watertight compartment, other than small buoyancy 
compartments, under all practicable conditions. Sluice valves are not 
permitted in watertight bulkheads.
    (b) A vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 12 passengers may meet the requirements of ABYC 
Project H-22, ``DC Electric Bilge Pumps Operating Under 50 Volts,'' in 
lieu of the requirements of this subpart, provided that each watertight 
compartment, other than small buoyancy compartments and the compartment 
forward of the collision bulkhead, is provided with a means for 
dewatering.
    (c) Special consideration may be given to vessels, such as high 
speed craft, which have a high degree of subdivision and utilize 
numerous small buoyancy compartments. Where the probability of flooding 
of the space is limited to external hull damage, compartment drainage 
may be omitted provided it can be shown by stability calculations, 
submitted to the cognizant OCMI, that the safety of the vessel will not 
be impaired.


Sec. 182.510  Bilge piping system.

    (a) A vessel of at least 7.9 meters (26 feet) in length must be 
provided with individual bilge lines and bilge suctions for each 
watertight compartment, except that the space forward of the collision 
bulkhead need not be fitted with a bilge suction line when the 
arrangement of the vessel is such that ordinary leakage may be removed 
from this compartment by the use of a hand portable bilge pump or other 
equipment, and such equipment is provided.
    (b) A bilge pipe in a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) 
in length must be not less than 25 millimeters (1 inch) nominal pipe 
size. A bilge pipe in a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length must be not less than 40 millimeters (1.5 inches) nominal pipe 
size. A bilge suction must be fitted with a suitable strainer having an 
open area not less than three times the area of the bilge pipe.
    (c) Except when individual pumps are provided for separate spaces, 
individual bilge suction lines must be led to a central control point 
or manifold and provided with a stop valve at the control point or 
manifold and a check valve at some accessible point in the bilge line. 
A stop-check valve located at a control point or manifold will meet the 
requirements for both a stop valve and a check valve.
    (d) A bilge pipe piercing the collision bulkhead must be fitted 
with a screw-down valve located on the forward side of the collision 
bulkhead and operable from the weather deck, or, if it is readily 
accessible under service conditions, a screw-down valve without a reach 
rod may be fitted to the bilge line on the after side of the collision 
bulkhead.


Sec. 182.520  Bilge pumps.

    (a) A vessel must be provided with bilge pumps in accordance with 
Table 182.520(a). A second power pump is an acceptable alternative to a 
hand pump if it is supplied by a source of power independent of the 
first power bilge pump. Individual power pumps used for separate spaces 
are to be controlled from a central control point and must have a light 
or other visual means at the control point to indicate operation.

                                                                    Table 182.520(a)                                                                    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                            Min. capacity  required  per
       Number of passengers                        Length of vessel                         Bilge pumps required              pump ltrs/min (gal/min)   
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Any number........................  More than 19.8 m (65 ft).....................  2 fixed power pumps...................  190 LPM                      
                                                                                                                           (50 GPM).                    
More than 49 passengers and all     Not more than 19.8 m (65 ft).................  1 fixed power pump and................  95 LPM (25 GPM).             
 ferry vessels.                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                   1 portable hand pump..................  38 LPM (10 GPM).             
Not more than 49 passengers (Other  7.9 m, 26 feet up to 19.8 m (65 ft)..........  1 fixed power pump and 1 portable hand  38 LPM (10 GPM).             
 than ferry vessels).                                                               pump or.                                                            
                                                                                   1 fixed hand pump and.................  38 LPM (10 GPM).             
                                                                                   1 portable hand pump..................  19 LPM (5 GPM).              
                                    Less than 7.9 m (26 ft)......................  1 portable hand pump..................  19 LPM (5 GPM).              
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 995]]

    (b) A portable hand bilge pump must be:
    (1) Capable of pumping water, but not necessarily simultaneously, 
from all watertight compartments; and
    (2) Provided with suitable suction and discharge hoses capable of 
reaching the bilges fo each watertight compartment.
    (c) Each fixed power bilge pump must be self priming. It may be 
driven off the main engine or other source of power. It must be 
permanently connected to the bilge manifold and may also be connected 
to the fire main. If of sufficient capacity, a power bilge pump may 
also serve as a fire pump.
    (d) Where two fixed power bilge pumps are installed, they must be 
driven by different sources of power. If one pump is driven off the 
main engine in a single propulsion engine installation, the other must 
be independently driven. In a twin propulsion engine installation, each 
pump may be driven off a different propulsion engine.
    (e) A submersible electric bilge pump may be used as a power bilge 
pump required by Table 182.520(a) only on a vessel of not more than 
19.8 meters (65 feet) in length carrying not more than 49 passengers, 
other than a ferry, provided that:
    (1) The pump is listed by Underwriters' Laboratories Inc. or 
another independent laboratory;
    (2) The pump is used to dewater not more than one watertight 
compartment;
    (3) The pump is permanently mounted;
    (4) The pump is equipped with a strainer that can be readily 
inspected and cleaned without removal;
    (5) The pump discharge line is suitably supported;
    (6) The opening in the hull for the pump discharge is placed as 
high above the waterline as possible;
    (7) A positive shutoff valve is installed at the hull penetration; 
and
    (8) The capacity of the electrical system, including wiring, and 
size and number of batteries, is designed to allow all bilge pumps to 
be operated simultaneously.
    (f) A flexible tube or hose may be used instead of fixed pipe for 
the discharge line of a submersible electric bilge pump provided the 
hose or tube does not penetrate any required watertight bulkheads and 
is:
    (1) Of good quality and of substantial construction, suitable for 
the intended use; and
    (2) Highly resistant to salt water, petroleum oil, heat, and 
vibration.
    (g) If a fixed hand pump is used to comply with Table 182.520(a), 
it must be permanently connected to the bilge system.
    (h) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
power driven fire pump required by Sec. 181.300 of this chapter may 
serve as a fixed power bilge pump required by this subpart, provided it 
has the minimum flow rate required by Table 182.520(a).
    (i) On a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
power driven fire pump required by Sec. 181.300 of this subchapter may 
serve as one of the two fixed power bilge pumps required by this 
subpart, provided:
    (1) The bilge and fire pump systems are interconnected;
    (2) The dedicated bilge pump is capable of pumping the bilges at 
the same time the fire/bilge pump charges the firemain; and
    (3) Stop valves and check valves are installed in the piping to 
isolate the systems during simultaneous operation and prevent possible 
flooding through the bilge system.
    (j) A catamaran vessel must be equipped with bilge pumps for each 
hull, as if each hull is a separate vessel, in accordance with Table 
182.520(a), except where:
    (1) On dedicated pump is located in each hull;
    (2) Each dedicated pump is driven by an independent source of 
power; and
    (3) The bilge system is permanently cross connected between hulls.


Sec. 182.530  Bilge high level alarms.

    (a) On a vessel of at least 7.9 meters (26 feet) in length, a 
visual and audible alarm must be provided at the operating station to 
indicate a high water level in each of the following normally unmanned 
spaces:
    (1) A space with a through-hull fitting below the deepest load 
waterline, such as a lazarette;
    (2) A machinery space bilge, bilge well, shaft alley bilge, or 
other spaces subject to flooding from sea water piping within the 
space; and
    (3) A space with a non-watertight closure, such as a space with a 
non-watertight hatch on the main deck.
    (b) Vessels constructed of wood must, in addition to paragraph (a), 
provide bilge level alarms in all watertight compartments except small 
buoyancy chambers.
    (c) A visual indicator must be provided at the operating station to 
indicate when any automatic bilge pump is operating.


Sec. 182.540  Ballast systems.

    (a) Ballast piping must not be installed in any compartment 
integral with the hull of a wooden vessel. Where the carriage of liquid 
ballast in such a vessel is necessary, suitable ballast tanks, 
structurally independent of the hull, must be provided.
    (b) Solid and water ballast must comply with the requirements of 
Part 178 of this subchapter.

Subpart F--Steering Systems


Sec. 182.600  General.

    A self-propelled vessel must comply with the provisions of this 
subpart.


Sec. 182.610  Main steering gear.

    (a) A vessel must be provided with a main steering gear that is:
    (1) Of adequate strength and capable of steering the vessel at all 
service speeds;
    (2) Designed to operate at maximum astern speed without being 
damaged or jammed; and
    (3) Capable of moving the rudder from 35 degrees on one side to 30 
degrees on the other side in not more than 28 seconds with the vessel 
moving ahead at maximum service speed.
    (b) Control of the main steering gear, including control of any 
necessary associated devices (motor, pump, valve, etc.), must be 
provided from the operating station.
    (c) The main steering gear must be designed so that transfer from 
the main steering gear or control to the auxiliary means of steering 
required by Sec. 182.620 can be achieved rapidly. Any tools or 
equipment necessary to make the transfer must be readily available.
    (d) The operating station must be arranged to permit the person 
steering to have the best possible all around vision.
    (e) Strong and effective rudder stops must be provided to prevent 
jamming and damage to the rudder and its fittings. These stops may be 
structural or internal to the main steering gear.
    (f) In addition to meeting the requirements of paragraphs (a) 
through (e) of this section, a vessel with a power driven main steering 
gear must be provided with the following:
    (1) A disconnect switch located in the steering compartment, and 
instantaneous short circuit protection for electrical power and control 
circuits sized and located in accordance with Secs. 111.93-11(d) and 
(e) in subchapter J of this chapter. Overload protection is prohibited;
    (2) An independent rudder angle indicator at the operating station;
    (3) An arrangement that automatically resumes operation, without 
reset, when power is restored after a power failure;
    (4) A manual means to center and steady the rudder(s) in an 
emergency; and
    (5) A limit switch to stop the steering gear before its reaches the 
rudder stops required by paragraph (e) of this section.

[[Page 996]]

    (g) In addition to meeting the requirements of paragraphs (a) 
through (f) of this section, a vessel more than 19.8 meters (65 Feet) 
in length with a power driven main steering gear must be provided with 
the following:
    (1) A visual means, located at the operating station, to indicate 
operation of the power units; and
    (2) Instructions for transfer procedures from the main steering 
gear or control to the auxiliary means of steering required by 
Sec. 182.620, posted at the location where the transfer is carried out.


Sec. 182.620  Auxiliary means of steering.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a vessel 
must be provided with an auxiliary means of steering that is:
    (1) Of adequate strength;
    (2) Capable of moving the rudder from 15 degrees on one side to 15 
degrees on the other side is not more than 60 seconds with the vessel 
at one-half its maximum service speed ahead, or 7 knots, whichever is 
greater; and
    (3) Controlled from a location that permits safe maneuvering of the 
vessel and does not expose the person operating the auxiliary means of 
steering to personnel hazards during normal or heavy weather operation.
    (b) A suitable hand tiller may be acceptable as the auxiliary means 
of steering where satisfactory to the cognizant OCMI.
    (c) An auxiliary means of steering need not be provided if:
    (1) The main steering gear and its controls are provided in 
duplicate;
    (2) Multiple screw propulsion, with independent pilothouse control 
for each screw, is provided, and the vessel is capable of being steered 
using pilothouse control;
    (3) No regular rudder is fitted and steering action is obtained by 
a change of setting of the propelling unit; or
    (4) Where a rudder and hand tiller are the main steering gear.

Subpart G--Piping Systems


Sec. 182.700  General.

    Materials used in piping systems must meet the requirements of this 
subpart and be otherwise acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 182.710  Piping for vital systems.

    (a) Vital systems are those systems that are vital to a vessel's 
survivability and safety. For the purpose of this part the following 
are vital systems:
    (1) Fuel system;
    (2) Fire main;
    (3) CO2 and Halon systems;
    (4) Bilge system;
    (5) Steering system;
    (6) Propulsion system and its necessary auxiliaries and controls;
    (7) Ship's service and emergency electrical generation system and 
its necessary auxiliaries; and
    (8) A marine engineering system identified by the cognizant OCMI as 
being crucial to the survival of the vessel or to the protection of the 
personnel on board.
    (b) For the purpose of this part, a system not identified in 
paragraph (a) of this section is a non-vital system.
    (c) Piping used in a vital system must:
    (1) Be composed of ferrous materials except when:
    (i) Nonmetallic piping materials are permitted by Sec. 182.720; or
    (ii) Nonferrous metallic piping materials are permitted by 
Sec. 182.730; and
    (2) If subject to a pressure of more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig), be 
designed, fabricated, and inspected in accordance with the principles 
of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B 31.1, ``Code for 
Pressure Piping, Power Piping,'' or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.


Sec. 182.715  Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-
vital systems.

    Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital 
system must be designed, fabricated, and inspected in accordance with 
the principles of ANSI B 31.1, or other industry standard acceptable to 
the Commandant.


Sec. 182.720  Nonmetallic piping materials.

    (a) Rigid nonmetallic materials (plastic) may be used only in non-
vital systems and in accordance with paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 
section.
    (b) Flexible nonmetallic materials (hose) may be used in vital and 
non-vital systems where permitted by paragraph (e) of this section.
    (c) Nonmetallic piping must not be used in gasoline or diesel fuel 
systems. Flexible nonmetallic materials (hose) may be used where 
permitted by paragraph (e) of this section.
    (d) Where rigid nonmetallic material (plastic) is permitted for use 
in piping systems by this section, the following restrictions apply:
    (1) Penetrations of required watertight decks and bulkheads by any 
rigid plastic pipe are prohibited unless the following requirements are 
met:
    (i) Each penetration must be accomplished using an acceptable 
metallic through deck or through bulkhead fitting that is welded or 
otherwise attached to the bulkhead or deck by an accepted method; and
    (ii) One or more metallic shutoff valves must be installed adjacent 
to the fitting in one of the following ways:
    (A) Only one metallic shutoff valve must be installed if it is 
operable from above the bulkhead deck;
    (B) If two metallic shutoff valves are installed, one on either 
side of the bulkhead, they need not be operable from above the bulkhead 
deck provided immediate access to both is possible; or
    (C) Where both plastic and metallic materials are used in piping 
that penetrates a bulkhead, and the two materials exist entirely on 
opposite sides of the bulkhead, a metallic shutoff valve must be 
installed at the bulkhead in the metallic part of the system, with the 
valve being capable of operation from above the bulkhead deck, or 
locally if immediate access is possible;
    (2) Protection from mechanical damage must be specifically 
considered and all protective covering or shields must be installed to 
the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI;
    (3) Through hull fittings and shutoff valves must be metallic. In 
the case of nonmetallic hulls, materials that will afford an equal 
degree of safety and heat resistivity as that afforded by the hull may 
be approved; and
    (4) The material specification must show that the rigid nonmetallic 
material possesses characteristics adequate for its intended service 
and environment and must be approved for use by the cognizant OCMI.
    (e) Where flexible nonmetallic hose is permitted for use in piping 
systems by this section, it must meet SAE Standard J-1942, ``Hose and 
Hose Assemblies for Marine Applications,'' or be specifically approved 
by the Commandant. The following restrictions apply:
    (1) Flexible nonmetallic hose must be complete with factory-
assembled end fittings requiring no further adjustment of the fittings 
on the hose, or field attachable type fittings may be used. Hose end 
fittings must comply with SAE J-1475, ``Hydraulic Hose Fittings For 
Marine Applications.''Field attachable fittings must be installed 
following the manufacturer's recommended practice. If special equipment 
is required, such as crimping machines, it must be of the type and 
design specified by the manufacturer. If field attachable type fittings 
are used, each hose assembly must be individually hydrostatically 
tested to twice the rated pressure stamped thereon;
    (2) Flexible nonmetallic hose may be used in non-vital water and 
pneumatic systems, subject to the limitations of paragraph (d)(1) 
through (d)(4) of this section. Unreinforced hoses are limited 

[[Page 997]]
to a maximum service pressure of 349 kPa (50 psig), reinforced hoses 
are limited to a maximum service pressure of 1,034 kPa (150 psig); and
    (3) Flexible nonmetallic hose may be used in lube oil, fuel oil and 
fluid power systems, subject to the following requirements:
    (i) Flexible hose may only be used at a pressure not to exceed the 
manufacturer's rating and must have a high resistance to saltwater, 
petroleum oils, and vibration;
    (ii) Flexible hose runs must be visible, easily accessible, 
protected from mechanical damage, and must not penetrate watertight 
bulkheads;
    (iii) Flexible hose must be fabricated with an inner tube and a 
cover of synthetic rubber or other suitable material reinforced with 
wire braid;
    (iv) Flexible hose used for alcohol-gasoline blend fuels must meet 
the permeability requirements specified in 33 CFR Part 183, Subpart J; 
and
    (v) For the purpose of flexibility only, flexible hose installed in 
lengths of not more than 760 millimeters (30 inches) and subject to 
pressures of not more than 35 kPa (5 psig), may meet the following 
requirements:
    (A) Suitable compression type connection fittings may be accepted;
    (B) Flexible hose designed for use with hose clamps may be 
installed with two clamps, at both ends of the hose, which:
    (1) Do not rely on the spring tension of the clamp for compressive 
force; and
    (2) Are installed beyond the bead or flare or over the serrations 
of the mating spud, pipe, or hose fitting; and
    (C) USCG Type A1, A2, B1, or B2 flexible hose may be accepted in 
accordance with 33 CFR Part 183, Subpart J.


Sec. 182.730  Nonferrous metallic piping materials.

    (a) Nonferrous metallic piping materials are acceptable for use in 
the following:
    (1) Non-vital systems;
    (2) Aluminum fuel piping, if of a minimum of Schedule 80 wall 
thickness on an aluminum hulled vessel;
    (3) Aluminum bilge, ballast, and firemain piping on an aluminum 
hulled vessel;
    (4) If acceptable to the cognizant OCMI, nonferrous metallic piping 
with a melting temperature above 927 deg. C (1,700 deg. F) may be used 
in vital systems that are deemed to be galvanically compatible; and
    (5) Other uses specifically accepted by the cognizant OCMI.
    (b) Where nonferrous metallic material is permitted for use in 
piping systems by this subpart, the restrictions in this paragraph 
apply:
    (1) Provisions must be made to protect piping systems using 
aluminum alloys in high risk fire areas due to the low melting point of 
aluminum alloys;
    (2) Provisions must be made to prevent or mitigate the effect of 
galvanic corrosion due to the relative solution potentials of copper, 
aluminum, and alloys of copper and aluminum, which are used in 
conjunction with each other, steel, or other metals and their alloys;
    (3) A suitable thread compound must be used in making up threaded 
joints in aluminum pipe to prevent seizing. Pipe in the annealed temper 
must not be threaded;
    (4) The use of aluminum alloys with a copper content exceeding 0.6 
percent is prohibited; and
    (5) The use of cast aluminum alloys in hydraulic fluid power 
systems must be in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 58.30-15(f) 
in subchapter F of this chapter.

PART 183--ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
183.000  Intent.
183.115  Applicability to existing vessels.
183.130  Alternative standards.

Subpart B--General Requirements

183.200  General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.
183.210  Protection from wet and corrosive environments.
183.220  General safety provisions.

Subpart C--Power Sources and Distribution Systems

183.310  Power sources.
183.320  Generators and motors.
183.322  Multiple generators.
183.324  Dual voltage generators.
183.330  Distribution panels and switchboards.
183.340  Cable and wiring requirements.
183.350  Batteries--general.
183.352  Battery categories.
183.354  Battery installations.
183.360  Semiconductor rectifier systems.
183.370  General grounding requirements.
183.372  Equipment and conductor grounding.
183.376  Grounded distribution system (Neutral ground).
183.380  Overcurrent protection.
183.390  Shore power.
183.392  Radiotelephone installations.

Subpart D--Lighting Systems

183.410  Lighting fixtures.
183.420  Navigation lights.
183.430  Portable lights.
183.432  Emergency lighting.

Subpart E--Miscellaneous Systems and Requirements

183.520  Lifeboat winches.
183.530  Hazardous areas.
183.540  Elevators.
183.550  General alarm systems.
    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 183.100  Intent.

    This part contains requirements for the design, construction, 
installation, and operation of electrical equipment and systems 
including power sources, lighting, motors, miscellaneous equipment, and 
safety systems.


Sec. 183.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section, an existing vessel must comply with the regulations on 
electrical installations, equipment, and material that were applicable 
to the vessel on March 10, 1996, or, as an alternative, the vessel may 
comply with the regulations in this part.
    (b) An existing vessel must comply with the requirements of 
Secs. 183.420 and 183.430.
    (c) New installations of electrical equipment and material, and the 
repair or replacement of wire and cable, on an existing vessel, which 
are completed to the satisfaction of the cognizant Officer in Charge, 
Marine Inspection (OCMI) on or after March 11, 1996, must comply with 
this part. Replacement of existing equipment, not including wire or 
cable, installed on the vessel prior to March 11, 1996 need not comply 
with the regulations in this part.


Sec. 183.130  Alternative standards.

    (a) A vessel, other than a high speed craft, or not more than 19.8 
meters (65 feet) in length carrying not more than 12 passengers, may 
comply with the following requirements instead of complying with the 
requirements of this part in their entirety:
    (1) Section 183.420; and
    (2) The following American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) Projects 
where applicable:
    (i) E-8, ``Alternating Current (AC) Electrical Systems on Boats;''
    (ii) E-9, ``Direct Current (DC) Electrical Systems on Boats;'' and
    (iii) A-16, ``Electrical Navigation Lights.''
    (b) A vessel with an electrical installation operating at less than 
50 volts may meet the requirements in 33 CFR 183.430 instead of those 
in Sec. 183.340.

[[Page 998]]


Subpart B--General Requirements


Sec. 183.200  General design, installation, and maintenance 
requirements.

    Electrical equipment on a vessel must be installed and maintained 
to:
    (a) Provide services necessary for safety under normal and 
emergency conditions;
    (b) Protect passengers, crew, other persons, and the vessel from 
electrical hazards, including fire, caused by or originating in 
electrical equipment, and electrical shock;
    (c) Minimize accidental personnel contact with energized parts; and
    (d) Prevent electrical ignition of flammable vapors.


Sec. 183.210  Protection from wet and corrosive environments.

    (a) Electrical equipment used in the following locations must be 
dripproof:
    (1) A machinery space;
    (2) A location normally exposed to splashing, water washdown, or 
other wet conditions within a galley, a laundry, or a public washroom 
or toilet room that has a bath or shower; or
    (3) Another space with a similar moisture level.
    (b) Electrical equipment exposed to the weather must be watertight.
    (c) Electrical equipment exposed to corrosive environments must be 
of suitable construction and corrosion-resistant.


Sec. 183.220  General safety provisions.

    (a) Electrical equipment and installations must be suitable for the 
roll, pitch, and vibration of the vessel underway.
    (b) All equipment, including switches, fuses, lampholders, etc., 
must be suitable for the voltage and current utilized.
    (c) Receptacle outlets of the type providing a grounded pole or a 
specific direct current polarity must be of a configuration that will 
not permit improper connection.
    (d) All electrical equipment and circuits must be clearly marked 
and identified.
    (e) Any cabinet, panel, box, or other enclosure containing more 
than one source of power must be fitted with a sign warning persons of 
this condition and identifying the circuits to be disconnected.

Subpart C--Power Sources and Distribution Systems


Sec. 183.310   Power sources.

    (a)(1) Each vessel that relies on electricity to power the 
following loads must be arranged so that the loads can be energized 
from two sources of electricity:
    (i) The vital systems listed in Sec. 182.710 of this chapter;
    (ii) Interior lighting except for decorative lights;
    (iii) Communication systems including a public address system 
required under Sec. 184.610 of this chapter; and
    (iv) Navigation equipment and lights.
    (2) A vessel with batteries of adequate capacity to supply the 
loads specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for three hours, 
and a generator or alternator driven by a propulsion engine, complies 
with the requirement in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
    (b) Where a ship service generator driven by a propulsion engine is 
used as a source of electrical power, a vessel speed change, throttle 
movement or change in direction of the propeller shaft rotation must 
not interrupt power to any of the loads specified in paragraph (a)(1) 
of this section.


Sec. 183.320   Generators and motors.

    (a) Each generator and motor must be:
    (1) In a location that is accessible, adequately ventilated, and as 
dry as practicable; and
    (2) Mounted above the bilges to avoid damage by splash and to avoid 
contact with low lying vapors.
    (b) Each generator and motor must be designed for an ambient 
temperature of 50 deg. C (122 deg. F) except that:
    (1) If the ambient temperature in the space where a generator or 
motor will be located will not exceed 40 deg. C (104 deg. F) under 
normal operating conditions, the generator or motor may be designed for 
an ambient temperature of 40 deg. C (104 deg. F); and
    (2) A generator or motor designed for 40 deg. C (104 deg. F) may be 
used in 50 deg. C (122 deg. F) ambient locations provided the generator 
or motor is derated to 80 percent of the full load rating, and the 
rating or setting of the overcurrent devices is reduced accordingly.
    (c) A voltmeter and an ammeter, which can be used for measuring 
voltage and current of a generator that is in operation, must be 
provided for a generator rated at 50 volts or more. For each 
alternating current generator, a means for measuring frequency must 
also be provided.
    (d) Each generator must have a nameplate attached to it containing 
the information required by Article 445 of the National Electric Code 
(NEC) (National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70), and for a 
generator derated in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section, 
the derated capacity.
    (e) Each motor must have a nameplate attached to it containing the 
information required by Article 430 of the NEC (NFPA 70), and for a 
motor derated in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the 
derated capacity.
    (f) Each generator must be protected by an overcurrent device set 
value not exceeding 115 percent of the generator full load rating.


Sec. 183.322   Multiple generators.

    When a vessel is equipped with two or more generators to supply 
ship's service power, the following requirements must be met:
    (a) Each generator must have an independent prime mover; and
    (b) The generator circuit breakers must be interlocked to prevent 
the generators from being simultaneously connected to the switchboard, 
except for the circuit breakers of a generator operated in parallel 
with another generator when the installation meets Secs. 111.12-11(f) 
and 111.30-25(d) in subchapter J of this chapter.


Sec. 183.324   Dual voltage generators.

    (a) A dual voltage generator installed on a vessel shall be of the 
grounded type, where:
    (1) The neutral of a dual voltage system must be solidly connected 
at the switchboard's neutral bus; and
    (2) The neutral bus shall be connected to ground.
    (b) The neutral of a dual voltage system must be accessible for 
checking the insulation resistance of the generator to ground before 
the generator is connected to the bus.
    (c) Ground detection must be provided that:
    (1) For an alternating current system, meets Sec. 111.05-27 in 
subchapter J of this chapter; and
    (2) For a direct current system, meets Sec. 111.05-29 in subchapter 
J of this chapter.


Sec. 183.330   Distribution panels and switchboards.

    (a) Each distribution panel and switchboard must be in as dry a 
location as practicable, adequately ventilated, and protected from 
falling debris and dripping or splashing water.
    (b) Each distribution panel or switchboard must be totally enclosed 
and of the dead front type.
    (c) Each switchboard must be fitted with a dripshield.
    (d) Distribution panels and switchboards that are accessible from 
the rear must be constructed to prevent a person from accidentally 
contacting energized parts.
    (e) Working space must be provided around all main distribution 
panels and switchboards of at least 610 millimeters (24 inches) in 
front of the switchboard, 

[[Page 999]]
and at least 455 millimeters (18 inches) behind the switchboard. Rear 
access is prohibited when the working space behind the switchboard is 
less than 455 millimeters (18 inches).
    (f) Nonconducting mats or grating must be provided on the deck in 
front of each switchboard and, if accessible from the rear, on the deck 
in the rear of the switchboard.
    (g) All uninsulated current carrying parts must be mounted on 
noncombustible, nonabsorbent, high dielectric insulating material.
    (h) Equipment mounted on a hinged door of an enclosure must be 
constructed or shielded so that a person will not accidentally contact 
energized parts of the door mounted equipment when the door is open and 
the circuit energized.
    (i) In the design of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit, 
the disconnect device and its connections, including each terminal 
block for terminating the vessel's wiring, must not have any 
electrically unshielded or uninsulated surfaces.
    (j) Switchboards and distribution panels must be sized in 
accordance with Sec. 111.30-19(a) of this chapter.


Sec. 183.340   Cable and wiring requirements.

    (a) If individual wires, rather than cable, are used in systems 
greater than 50 volts, the wire must be in conduit.
    (b) All cable and wire must:
    (1) Have stranded copper conductors with sufficient current 
carrying capacity for the circuit in which they are used;
    (2) Be installed in a manner to avoid or reduce interference with 
radio reception and compass indication;
    (3) Be protected from the weather;
    (4) Be installed with metal supports spaced not more than 610 
millimeters (24 inches) apart, and in such a manner as to avoid chafing 
and other damage. The use of plastic tie wraps must be limited to 
bundling or retention of multiple cable installations, and not used as 
a means of support, except that on vessels of not more than 19.8 meters 
(65 feet) in length, installations in accordance with paragraph 14.h of 
ABYC E-8, and paragraph 15.h of ABYC E-9, are acceptable as meeting the 
requirements of this section;
    (5) Not be installed with sharp bends;
    (6) Be protected by metal coverings or other suitable means if in 
areas subject to mechanical abuse. Horizontal pipes used for protection 
shall have 6 millimeter (.25 inch) holes for drainage every 1,520 
millimeters (5 feet);
    (7) Be suitable for low temperature and high humidity if installed 
in refrigerated compartments;
    (8) Not be located in a tank unless the cable provides power to 
equipment in the tank; and
    (9) Have sheathing or wire insulation compatible with the fluid in 
a tank when installed as allowed by paragraph (b)(8) of this section.
    (c) Conductors in power and lighting circuits must be No. 14 
American Wire Gauge (AWG) or larger. Conductors in control and 
indicator circuits must be No. 22 AWG or larger.
    (d) Cable and wire for power and lighting circuits must:
    (1) Meet Section 310-13 of the NEC (NFPA 70), except that asbestos 
insulated cable and dry location cables cannot be used;
    (2) Be listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), as UL Boat or UL 
Marine cable; or
    (3) Meet Sec. 111.60-1 in subchapter J of this chapter for cable, 
and Sec. 111.60-11 in subchapter J of this chapter for wire.
    (e) Cable or wire serving vital systems listed in Sec. 182.710 of 
this chapter or emergency loads must be routed as far as practicable 
from high risk fire areas, such as galleys, laundries, and machinery 
spaces.
    (f) Cable or wire serving duplicated equipment must be separated so 
that a casualty that affects one cable does not affect the other.
    (g) Each connection to a conductor or terminal part of a conductor 
must be made within an enclosure and have either:
    (1) A pressure type connector on each conductor;
    (2) A solder lug on each conductor;
    (3) A splice made with a pressure type connector to a flexible lead 
or conductor; or
    (4) A splice that is soldered, brazed, or welded to a flexible lead 
or conductor.
    (h) A connector or lug of the set screw type must not be used with 
a stranded conductor smaller than No. 14 AWG except if there is a 
nonrotating follower that travels with the set screw and makes pressure 
contact with the conductor.
    (i) Each pressure type wire connector and lug must meet UL 486A, 
``Electric Wire Connectors and Soldering Lugs for Use With Copper 
Conductors,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant. The use of 
wire nuts is prohibited.
    (j) Each terminal block must have 6-32 terminal screws or larger.
    (k) Wire connectors utilized in conjunction with screw type 
terminal blocks must be of the captive type such as the ring or the 
flanged spade type.
    (l) A cable must not be spliced in a hazardous location.
    (m) A cable may be spliced in a location, other than a hazardous 
location, under the following conditions:
    (1) A cable installed in a subassembly may be spliced to a cable 
installed in another subassembly;
    (2) For a vessel receiving alterations, a cable may be spliced to 
extend a circuit;
    (3) A cable having a large size or exceptional length may be 
spliced to facilitate its installation; and
    (4) A cable may be spliced to replace a damaged section of the 
cable if, before replacing the damaged section, the insulation 
resistance of the remainder of the cable is measured, and it is 
determined that the condition of the insulation is unimpaired.
    (n) All material in a cable splice must be chemically compatible 
with all other material in the splice and with the materials in the 
cable.
    (o) Ampacities of wires must meet Section 310-15 of the NEC (NFPA 
70), or other standard specified by the Commandant. Ampacities of cable 
must meet table A6 of Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 
(IEEE) Standard 45, ``Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations 
on Shipboard,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant. 
Ampacities for Navy cable must meet NAVSEA Design Data Sheet (DDS) 304-
2 ``Electrical Cable, Ratings and Characteristics'' as appropriate.
    (p) Conductors must be sized so that the voltage drop at the load 
terminals does not exceed 10 percent. Table 183.340(p) indicates the 
size of conductor required for corresponding lengths and steady state 
(stable) values to obtain not more than this voltage drop at the load 
terminals of a two conductor circuit.

                                                                                                                                                        

[[Page 1000]]
                                                 Table 183.340(p.)--Conductor Sizes for Amperes--Lengths                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Length of conductor in meters (feet) from source of current to most distant fixture          
       Total current on circuit, amperes        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 3.1(10)  4.5(15)  6.1(20)  7.6(25)  9.2(30)  10.7(35)  12.2(40)  13.7(45)  15.2(50)  16.8(55)  18.3(60)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          12-volts, 2 wire--10 percent drop wire sizes (A.W.G.)                         
5..............................................      14       14       14       14       14        14        14        14        12        12        12 
10.............................................      14       14       14       12       12        12        10        10        10        10         8 
15.............................................      14       14       12       10       10        10         8         8         8         8         8 
20.............................................      12       12       10       10        8         8         8         8         6         6         6 
25.............................................      10       10       10        8        8         8         6         6         6         6         4 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Other values can be computed by means of the following formula:
    [GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TR10JA96.010
    
Where:

cm=Circular-mil area of conductor
K=3.28 ohms/mil-meter (metric)
  =1075 ohm/mil-foot (english)
    (a constant representing the resistance of copper).
I=Load current, in amperes.
L=length of conductor from center of distribution, in meters (feet).
E=Voltage drop at load, in volts.

    (q) If used, each armored cable metallic covering must:
    (1) Be electrically continuous; and
    (2) Be grounded at each end of the run to:
    (i) The metallic hull; or
    (ii) The common ground plate on nonmetallic vessels; and
    (3) Have final sub-circuits grounded at the supply and only.
    (r) A portable or temporary electric cord or cable must be 
constructed and used in compliance with the requirements of 
Sec. 111.60-13 in subchapter J of this chapter for a flexible electric 
cord or cable.


Sec. 183.350  Batteries--general.

    (a) Where provisions are made for charging batteries, there must be 
natural or induced ventilation sufficient to dissipate the gases 
generated.
    (b) Each battery must be located as high above the bilge as 
practicable, secured to protect against shifting with the roll and 
pitch of the vessel, and free from exposure to water splash or spray.
    (c) Batteries must be accessible for maintenance and removal.
    (d) Connections must be made to battery terminals with permanent 
type connectors. Spring slips or other temporary type clamps are 
prohibited.
    (e) Batteries must be mounted in trays lined with, or constructed 
of, a material that is resistant to damage by the electrolyte.
    (f) Battery chargers must have an ammeter connected in the charging 
circuit.
    (g) If the batteries are not adjacent to a distribution panel or 
switchboard that distributes power to the lighting, motor, and 
appliance circuits, the battery lead must have a fuse in series as 
close as practicable to the battery.
    (h) Batteries used for engine starting are to be located as close 
as possible to the engine or engines served.


Sec. 183.352  Battery categories.

    This section applies to batteries installed to meet the 
requirements of Sec. 183.310 for secondary sources of power to vital 
loads, or sources of power to final emergency loads.
    (a) Large. A large battery installation is one connected to a 
battery charger having an output of more than 2 kilowatt (kw), computed 
from the highest possible charging current and the rated voltage of the 
battery installation.
    (b) Small. A small battery installation is one connected to a 
battery charger having an output of 2 kw or less, computed as above.


Sec. 183.354  Battery installations.

    (a) Large batteries. Each large battery installation must be 
located in a locker, room or enclosed box solely dedicated to the 
storage of batteries. Ventilation must be provided in accordance with 
Sec. 111.15-10 in subchapter J of this chapter. Electrical equipment 
located within the battery enclosure must be approved by an independent 
laboratory for Class I, Division 1, Group B hazardous locations and 
meet Sec. 111.105 in subchapter J of this chapter.
    (b) Small batteries. Each small battery installation must be 
located in a well ventilated space and protected from falling objects. 
A small battery installation must not be in a closet, storeroom or 
similar space.


Sec. 183.360  Semiconductor rectifier systems.

    (a) Each semiconductor rectifier system must have an adequate heat 
removal system that prevents overheating.
    (b) Where a semiconductor rectifier system is used in a propulsion 
system or in other vital systems it must:
    (1) Have a current limiting circuit;
    (2) Have external overcurrent protection; and
    (3) Meet Sections 35.84.2 and 35.84.4 of the American Bureau of 
Shipping (ABS), ``Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels,'' or 
other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 183.370  General grounding requirements.

    (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except 
for the following systems:
    (1) Impressed current cathodic protection systems; or
    (2) Battery systems for engine starting.
    (b) Receptacle outlets and attachment plugs for portable lamps, 
tools, and similar apparatus operating at 100 volts or more, must have 
a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord.
    (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground 
conductor.


Sec. 183.372  Equipment and conductor grounding.

    (a) All metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must 
be permanently grounded to the hull on a metallic vessel. On a 
nonmetallic vessel, the enclosures and frames of electrical equipment 
must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally non-current 
carrying conductor. Metallic cases of instruments and secondary 
windings of instrument transformers must be grounded.
    (b) On a nonmetallic vessel, where a ground plate is provided for 
radio equipment, it must be connected to the common ground.
    (c) Equipment grounding conductors must be sized in accordance with 
Section 250-95 of the NEC (NFPA 70), or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (d) Each insulated grounding conductor of a cable must be 
identified by one of the following means:
    (1) A green braid or green insulation;
    
[[Page 1001]]

    (2) Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length of the 
grounding conductor; or
    (3) Marking the exposed insulation of the grounding conductor with 
green tape or green adhesive labels.
    (e) Cable armor must not be used to ground electrical equipment or 
systems.


Sec. 183.376  Grounded distribution systems (Neutral grounded).

    (a) If a grounded distribution system is provided, there must be 
only one connection to ground, regardless of the number of power 
sources. This ground connection must be at the switchboard or at the 
common ground plate, which must be accessible.
    (b) Each propulsion, power, lighting, or distribution system having 
a neutral bus or conductor must have the neutral grounded.
    (c) The neutral of each grounded generation and distribution system 
must be grounded at the generator switchboard and have the ground 
connection accessible for checking insulation resistance of the 
generator to ground before the generator is connected to the bus, 
except the neutral of an emergency power generation system must be 
grounded with:
    (1) No direct ground connection at the emergency switchboard;
    (2) The neutral bus permanently connected to the neutral bus on the 
main switchboard; and
    (3) No switch, circuit breaker, or fuse in the neutral conductor of 
the bus-tie feeder connecting the emergency switchboard to the main 
switchboard.
    (d) On a metallic vessel, a grounded alternating current system 
must be grounded to the hull. On a nonmetallic vessel, the neutral must 
be connected to the common ground, except that aluminum grounding 
conductors must not be used.


Sec. 183.380  Overcurrent protection.

    (a) Overcurrent protection must be provided for each ungrounded 
conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the 
current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous 
temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation.
    (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by 
a switch or circuit breaker, unless the ungrounded conductors are 
simultaneously disconnected.
    (c) A conductor of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit, such 
as a conductor for an instrument, pilot light, ground detector light, 
or potential transformer, must be protected by an overcurrent device.
    (d) Conductors must be protected in accordance with their current 
carrying capacities. If the allowable current carrying capacity does 
not correspond to a standard device size, the next larger overcurrent 
device may be used provided it does not exceed 150 percent of the 
conductor current carrying capacity.
    (e) Steering gear control system circuits must be protected against 
short circuit.
    (f) Each steering gear feeder circuit must be protected by a 
circuit breaker that meets the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) 
of Sec. 111.93-11 in subchapter J of this chapter.
    (g) Each lighting branch circuit must be protected against 
overcurrent either by fuses or circuit breakers rated at not more than 
30 amperes.
    (h) Overcurrent devices capable of carrying the starting current of 
the motor must be installed to protect motors, motor conductors, and 
control apparatus against:
    (1) Overcurrent due to short circuits or ground faults; and
    (2) Overload due to motor running overcurrent, in accordance with 
Sec. 111.70-1 of this chapter. A protective device integral with the 
motor, which is responsive to both motor current and temperature, may 
be used.
    (i) An emergency switch must be provided in the normally ungrounded 
main supply conductor from a battery. The switch must be accessible and 
located as close to the battery as practicable.
    (j) Disconnect means must be provided on the supply side of and 
adjacent to all fuses for the purpose of de-energizing the fuses for 
inspection and maintenance purposes.
    (k) If the disconnect means is not within sight of the equipment 
that the circuit supplies, means must be provided for locking the 
disconnect device in the open position.
    (l) Fuses must be of the cartridge type only and be listed by 
Underwriters Laboratories or another independent laboratory recognized 
by the Commandant.
    (m) Each circuit breaker must meet UL 489, ``Molded--Case Circuit 
Breakers and Circuit Breaker Enclosures,'' or other standard specified 
by the Commandant, and be of the manually reset type designed for:
    (1) Inverse time delay;
    (2) Instantaneous short circuit protection; and
    (3) Switching duty if the breaker is used as a switch.
    (n) Each circuit breaker must indicate whether it is in the open or 
closed position.


Sec. 183.390  Shore power.

    A vessel with an electrical system operating at more than 50 volts, 
which is provided with a means to connect to shore power, must meet the 
following:
    (a) A shore power connection box or receptacle must be permanently 
installed at a convenient location;
    (b) A cable connecting the shore power connection box or receptacle 
to the switchboard or main distribution panel must be permanently 
installed;
    (c) A circuit breaker must be provided at the switchboard or main 
distribution panel for the shore power connection; and
    (d) The circuit breaker, required by paragraph (c) of this section, 
must be interlocked with the vessel's power sources so that shore power 
and the vessel's power sources may not be operated simultaneously.


Sec. 183.392  Radiotelephone installations.

    A separate circuit, with overcurrent protection at the main 
distribution panel, must be provided for each radiotelephone 
installation.

Subpart D--Lighting Systems


Sec. 183.410  Lighting fixtures.

    (a) Each lighting fixture globe, lens, or diffuser must have a 
guard or be made of high strength material, except in an accommodation 
space, radio room, galley, or similar space where it is not subject to 
damage.
    (b) A lighting fixture may not be used as a connection box for a 
circuit other than the branch circuit supplying the fixture.
    (c) A lighting fixture must be installed as follows:
    (1) Each fixture must comply with Sec. 183.200.
    (2) Each lighting fixture and lampholder must be fixed. A fixture 
must not be supported by the screw shell of a lampholder.
    (3) Each pendant type lighting fixture must be suspended by and 
supplied through a threaded, rigid conduit stem.
    (4) Each table lamp, desk lamp, floor lamp, or similar equipment 
must be secured in place so that it cannot be displaced by the roll or 
pitch of the vessel.
    (d) An exterior lighting fixture in an electrical system operating 
at more than 50 volts must comply with the requirements of UL 595, 
``Marine Type Electric Lighting Fixtures,'' or other standard specified 
by the Commandant. A lighting fixture in an accommodation space, radio 
room, galley or similar interior space may comply with, UL 1570, 
``Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures,'' UL 1571, ``Incandescent Lighting 

[[Page 1002]]
Fixtures,'' UL 1572, ``High Intensity Discharge Lighting Fixtures,'' UL 
1573, ``Stage and Studio Lighting Units,'' or UL 1574, ``Track Lighting 
Systems,'' as long as the general marine requirements of UL 595 are 
satisfied.


Sec. 183.420  Navigation lights.

    All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with 
the applicable sections of the International and Inland Navigation 
Rules, except that a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in 
length must also have navigation lights that meet UL 1104, ``Standards 
for Marine Navigation Lights,'' or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.


Sec. 183.430  Portable lights

    Each vessel must be equipped with at least two operable portable 
battery lights. One of these lights must be located at the operating 
station and the other at the access to the propulsion machinery space.


Sec. 183.432  Emergency lighting.

    (a) Each vessel must have adequate emergency lighting fitted along 
the line of escape to the main deck from all passenger and crew 
accommodation spaces located below the main deck.
    (b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of this 
section must automatically actuate upon failure of the main lighting 
system. If a vessel is not equipped with a single source of power for 
emergency lighting, it must have individual battery powered lights 
that:
    (1) Are automatically actuated upon loss of normal power;
    (2) Are not readily portable;
    (3) Are connected to an automatic battery charger; and
    (4) Have sufficient capacity for a minimum of 6 hours of continuous 
operation.

Subpart E--Miscellaneous Systems and Requirements


Sec. 183.520  Lifeboat winches.

    Each electric power operated lifeboat winch must meet, 111.95 in 
subchapter J and Sec. 160.015 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other 
standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 183.530  Hazardous areas.

    (a) Electrical equipment in spaces containing machinery powered by, 
or fuel tanks for, gasoline or other fuels having a flashpoint of 
43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower must be explosion-proof or ignition-
protected, or be part of an intrinsically safe system.
    (b) Electrical equipment in lockers used to store paint, oil, 
turpentine, or other flammable liquids must be explosion-proof or be 
part of an intrinsically safe system.
    (c) Explosion-proof equipment and intrinsically safe systems must 
meet the requirements of Sec. 111.105 in subchapter S of this chapter.


Sec. 183.540  Elevators.

    Each elevator on a vessel must meet the requirements of American 
National Standards Institute (ANSI) A17.1, ``Safety Code for Elevators, 
and Escalators,'' or other standard specified by the Commandant.


Sec. 183.550  General alarm systems.

    All vessels with overnight accommodations must be equipped with a 
general alarm system. The public address system required by 
Sec. 184.610 of this chapter may be used to sound the general alarm 
signal.

PART 184--VESSEL CONTROL AND MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

Subpart A--General Provisions

Sec.
184.100  General requirement.
184.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Cooking and Heating

184.200  General.
184.202  Restrictions.
184.210  Heating equipment.
184.220  Cooking equipment.
184.240  Gas systems.

Subpart C--Mooring and Towing Equipment

184.300  Ground tackle and mooring lines.

Subpart D--Navigation Equipment

184.402  Compasses.
184.404  Radars.
184.410  Electronic position fixing devices.
184.420  Charts and nautical publications.

Subpart E--Radio

184.502  Requirements of the Federal Communications Commission.
184.506  Emergency broadcast placard.
184.510  Recommended emergency broadcast instructions.

Subpart F--Control and Internal Communications Systems

184.602  Internal communications systems.
184.610  Public address systems.
184.620  Propulsion engine control systems.

Subpart G--Miscellaneous

184.702  Oil pollution prevention equipment and procedures.
184.704  Marine sanitation devices.
184.710  First aid kits.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 
1980 Comp.,   p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 184.100  General requirement.

    (a) Vessel control systems and other miscellaneous systems and 
equipment required by this part must be suitable for the purposes 
intended.
    (b) The cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) may 
require navigation, control, or communications equipment, in excess of 
the equipment specifically required by this part, on a vessel that is 
of a novel design, operates at high speeds in restricted or high 
traffic areas, operates in a dynamically supported mode, or operates on 
extended routes or in remote locations.


Sec. 184.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) An existing vessel need not comply with Secs. 184.402(c), 
184.404, 184.410, and 184.602 unless the cognizant OCMI specifically 
requires compliance due to the route or service of the vessel.
    (b) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of 
Sec. 184.610 until March 11, 2001, or 10 years after its keel was laid 
or the vessel was at a similar stage of construction, whichever is 
later.
    (c) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of 
Sec. 184.710 until March 11, 1997.

Subpart B--Cooking and Heating


Sec. 184.200  General.

    Cooking and heating equipment must be suitable for marine use. 
Equipment designed and installed in accordance with American Boat and 
Yacht Council (ABYC) A-3, ``Galley Stoves,'' and A-7, ``Boat Heating 
Systems,'' or with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 302, 
``Pleasure and Commercial Motor Craft,'' complies with this 
requirement, except as restricted by Sec. 184.202 of this part.


Sec. 184.202  Restrictions.

    (a) The use of gasoline for cooking, heating, or lighting is 
prohibited on all vessels.
    (b) Fireplaces or other space heating equipment with open flames 
are prohibited from being used on all vessels.
    (c) Vessels permitted to use liquefied and non-liquefied gases as 
cooking fuels by 46 CFR Part 147 must meet the requirements in 
Sec. 184.240 of this part. The use of these fuels for cooking, heating, 
and lighting on ferry vessels is prohibited by Part 147 in subchapter N 
of this chapter.


Sec. 184.210  Heating equipment.

    (a) Each heater must be so constructed and installed as to prevent 
contact with combustible materials such as towels and clothing.
    (b) Each electric space heater must be provided with a thermal 
cutout to prevent overheating.

[[Page 1003]]

    (c) Each heater element of an electric space heater must be of an 
enclosed type, and the element case or jacket must be made of a 
corrosion resistant material.


Sec. 184.220  Cooking equipment.

    (a) Doors on a cooking appliance must be provided with heavy duty 
hinges and locking devices to prevent accidental opening in heavy seas.
    (b) A cooking appliance must be installed to prevent movement in 
heavy seas.
    (c) For a grill or similar type of cooking appliance, means must be 
provided to collect grease or fat and to prevent its spillage on wiring 
or the deck.
    (d) Grab rails must be installed on a cooking appliance when 
determined by the cognizant OCMI to be necessary for safety.
    (e) Sea rails, with suitable barriers to prevent accidental 
movement of cooking pots, must be installed on a cooking range.
    (f) Electric connections for a cooking appliance must be dripproof.


Sec. 184.240  Gas systems.

    Cooking systems using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed 
natural gas (CNG) must meet the following requirements:
    (a) The design, installation and testing of each LPG system must 
meet ABYC A-1, ``Marine Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems,'' 
Chapter 6 of NFPA 302, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (b) The design, installation and testing of each CNG system must 
meet ABYC A-22, ``Marine Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Systems,'' 
Chapter 6 of NFPA 302, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (c) Cooking systems using Chapter 6 of NFPA 302 as the standard 
must meet the following additional requirements:
    (1) The storage or use of CNG containers within the accommodation 
area, machinery spaces, bilges, or other enclosed spaces is prohibited;
    (2) LPG or CNG must be odorized in accordance with ABYC A-1 
appendix 4 or A-22 appendix 4, respectively;
    (3) The marking and mounting of LPG cylinders must be in accordance 
with ABYC A-1 appendix 7; and
    (4) LPG cylinders must be of the vapor withdrawal type as specified 
in ABYC A-1 section 1.7.
    (d) Continuous pilot lights or automatic glow plugs are prohibited 
for an LGP or CNG installation using ABYC A-1 or A-22 as the standard.
    (e) CNG installation using ABYC A-22 as the standard must meet the 
following additional requirements:
    (1) The storage or use of CNG containers within the accommodation 
area, machinery spaces, bilges, or other enclosed spaces is prohibited;
    (2) CNG cylinders, regulating equipment, and safety equipment must 
meet the installation, stowage, and testing requirements of paragraph 
6-5.12 of NFPA 302.
    (3) The use or stowage of stoves with attached CNG cylinders is 
prohibited as specified in paragraph 6-5.1 of NFPA 302.
    (f) If the fuel supply line of an LPG or CNG system enters an 
enclosed space on the vessel, a remote shutoff valve must be installed 
that can be operated from a position adjacent to the appliance. The 
valve must be located between the fuel tank and the point where the 
fuel supply line enters the enclosed portion of the vessel. A power 
operated valve installed to meet this requirement must be of a type 
that will fail closed.
    (g) The following variances from ABYC A-1 section 1.12 are allowed 
for CNG:
    (1) The storage locker or housing access opening need not be in the 
top.
    (2) The locker or housing need not be above the waterline.
    (h) The following variances from NFPA 302 are allowed:
    (l) The storage locker or housing for CNG tank installations need 
not be above the waterline as required by paragraph 6-5.12.1.1(a);
    (2) Ignition protection need not be provided as required by 
paragraph 6-5.4.

Subpart C--Mooring and Towing Equipment


Sec. 184.300  Ground tackle and mooring lines.

    A vessel must be fitted with ground tackle and mooring lines 
necessary for the vessel to be safely anchored or moored. The ground 
tackle and mooring lines provided must be satisfactory for the size of 
the vessel, the waters on which the vessel operates, subject to the 
approval of the cognizant OCMI.

Subpart D--Navigation Equipment


Sec. 184.402  Compasses.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section every vessel must 
be fitted with a suitable magnetic compass designed for marine use, to 
be mounted at the primary operating station.
    (b) The following vessels need not be fitted with a compass:
    (1) A vessel on a rivers route;
    (2) A non-self propelled vessel; and
    (3) A vessel operating on short restricted routes on lakes, bays, 
and sounds.
    (c) Except on a vessel limited to daytime operations, the compass 
must be illuminated.


Sec. 184.404  Radars.

    (a) A vessel must be fitted with a Federal Communications 
Commission (FCC) type accepted general marine radar system for surface 
navigation with a radar screen mounted at the primary operating station 
if:
    (1) The vessel is self-propelled;
    (2) The vessel has an oceans, coastwise, limited coastwise, or 
Great Lakes route; and
    (3) The vessel carries more than 49 passengers.
    (b) A ferry that carries more than 49 passengers on a rivers route 
not within one mile of land must be fitted with a FCC Type Accepted 
general marine radar system for surface navigation with a radar screen 
mounted at the primary operating station.
    (c) The radar and its installation must be suitable for the 
intended speed and route of the vessel.
    (d) A vessel operated on a short restricted route need not be 
fitted with a radar if the cognizant OCMI determines that a radar is 
not necessary due to the vessel's route and local weather conditions.


Sec. 184.410  Electronic position fixing devices.

    A vessel on an oceans route must be equipped with an electronic 
position fixing device, capable of providing accurate fixed for the 
area in which the vessel operates, to the satisfaction of the cognizant 
OCMI.


Sec. 184.420  Charts and nautical publications.

    (a) As appropriate for the intend voyage, a vessel must carry 
adequate and up-to-date:
    (1) Charts of large enough scale to make safe navigation possible;
    (2) U.S. Coast Pilot or similar publication;
    (3) Coast Guard Light List;
    (4) Tide tables; and
    (5) Current tables, or a river current publication issued by the 
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or a river authority.
    (b) Extracts from the publications listed above for the areas to be 
transited may be provided instead of the complete publication.

Subpart E--Radio


Sec. 184.502  Requirements for the Federal Communications Commission.

    A vessel must comply with the applicable requirements for any radio 


[[Page 1004]]
and Electronic Position Indicating Radiobeacon (EPIRB) installations, 
including the requirements for a station license and installation 
certificates to be issued by the Federal Communications Commission, as 
set forth in 47 CFR Part 80.


Sec. 184.506  Emergency broadcast placard.

    A durable placard mut be posted next to all radiotelephone 
installations with the emergency broadcast instructions and 
information, specific to the individual vessel.


Sec. 184.510  Recommended emergency broadcast instructions.

    The following emergency broadcast instructions, when placed on a 
placard, will satisfy the requirement contained in Sec. 184.506 for an 
emergency broadcast placard:
    (a) Emergency Broadcast Instructions.
    (1) Make sure your radiotelephone is on.
    (2) Select 156.8 MHz (channel 16 VHF) or 2182 kHz. (Channel 16 VHF 
and 2182 kHz on SSB are for emergency and calling purposes only.)
    (3) Press microphone button and, speaking slowly--clearly--calmly, 
say:
    (i) ``MAYDAY--MAYDAY--MAYDAY'' for situations involving Immediate 
Danger to Life and Property; or
    (ii) ``PAN--PAN--PAN'' for urgent situations where there is No 
Immediate Danger to Life or Property.
    (4) Say: ``THIS IS (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME), (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME), 
(INSERT VESSEL'S NAME), (INSERT VESSEL'S CALL SIGN), OVER.''
    (5) Release the microphone button briefly and listen for 
acknowledgment. If no one answers, repeat steps 3 & 4.
    (6) If there is no acknowledgment, or if the Coast Guard or another 
vessel responds, say: ``MAYDAY'' OR ``PAN'', (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME).''
    (7) DESCRIBE YOUR POSITION using latitude and longitude 
coordinates, LORAN coordinates, or range and bearing from a known 
point.
    (8) STATE THE NATURE OF THE DISTRESS.
    (9) GIVE NUMBER OF PERSONS ABOARD AND THE NATURE OF ANY INJURIES.
    (10) ESTIMATE THE PRESENT SEAWORTHINESS OF YOUR VESSEL.
    (11) BRIEFLY DESCRIBE YOUR VESSEL: (INSERT LENGTH, COLOR, HULL 
TYPE, TRIM, MASTS, POWER, ANY ADDITIONAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES).
    (12) Say: ``I WILL BE LISTENING ON CHANNEL 16/2182.''
    (13) End message by saying: ``THIS IS (INSERT VESSEL'S NAME & CALL 
SIGN).''
    (14) If your situation permits, stand by the radio to await further 
communications with the Coast Guard or another vessel. If no answer, 
repeat, then try another channel
    (b) [Reserved]

Subpart F--Control and Internal Communications Systems


Sec. 184.602  Internal communications systems.

    (a) A vessel equipped with pilothouse control must have a fixed 
means of two-way communications from the operating station to the 
location where the means of controlling the propulsion machinery, 
required by Sec. 184.620(a) of this part, is located. Twin screw 
vessels with pilothouse control for both engines are not required to 
have a fixed communications system.
    (b) A vessel equipped with auxiliary means of steering, required by 
Sec. 182.620 of this subchapter, must have a fixed means of two-way 
communications from the operating station to the location where the 
auxiliary means of steering is controlled.
    (c) When the propulsion machinery of a vessel cannot be controlled 
from the operating station, an efficient communications system must be 
provided between the operating station and the propulsion machinery 
space.
    (d) When the locations addressed in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of 
this section are sufficiently close together, direct voice 
communications satisfactory to the cognizant OCMI is acceptable instead 
of the required fixed means of communications.
    (e) The OCMI may accept hand held portable radios as satisfying the 
communications system requirement of this section.


Sec. 184.610  Public address systems.

    (a) Except as noted in paragraphs (d) and (e) below, each vessel 
must be equipped with a public address system.
    (b) On a vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, the 
public address system must be a fixed installation and be audible 
during normal operating conditions throughout the accommodation spaces 
and all other spaces normally manned by crew members.
    (c) A vessel with more than one passenger deck and a vessel with 
overnight accommodations must have the public address system operable 
from the operating station.
    (d) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length, a 
battery powered bullhorn may serve as the public address system if 
audible throughout the accommodation spaces of the vessel during normal 
operating conditions. The bullhorn's batteries are to be continually 
maintained at a fully charged level by use of a battery charger or 
other means acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.
    (e) On a vessel of not more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length 
carrying not more than 49 passengers, a public address system is not 
required if a public announcement made from operating station without 
amplification can be heard throughout the accommodation spaces of the 
vessel during normal operating conditions, to the satisfaction of the 
cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 184.620  Propulsion engine control systems.

    (a) A vessel must have two independent means of controlling each 
propulsion engine. Control must be provided for the engine speed, 
direction of shaft rotation, and engine shutdown.
    (1) One of the means may be the ability to readily disconnect the 
remote engine control linkage to permit local operation.
    (2) A multiple engine vessel with independent remote propulsion 
control for each engine need not have a second means of controlling 
each engine.
    (b) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a), a vessel must 
have a reliable means for shutting down a propulsion engine, at the 
main pilothouse control station, which is independent of the engine's 
speed control.
    (c) A propulsion engine control system, including pilothouse 
control, must be designed so that a loss of power to the control system 
does not result in an increase in shaft speed or propeller pitch.

Subpart G--Miscellaneous


Sec. 184.702  Oil pollution prevention equipment and procedures.

    A vessel must comply with the applicable design, equipment, 
personnel, procedures, and record requirements of 33 CFR Parts 151, 
155, and 156.


Sec. 184.704  Marine sanitation devices.

    A vessel with installed toilet facilities must have a marine 
sanitation device that complies with 33 CFR Part 159.


Sec. 184.710  First aid kits.

    A vessel must carry a first aid kit approved in accordance with 
160.041 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by 
the Commandant, or a kit with equivalent contents and instructions. For 
equivalent kits, the contents must be stowed in a suitable container 
that is marked, ``First Aid 

[[Page 1005]]
Kit''. A first aid kit shall be easily visible and readily available to 
the crew.

PART 185--OPERATIONS

Subpart A--General Provisions

185.100  General requirement.
185.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

Subpart B--Marine Casualties and Voyage Records

185.202  Notice of casualty.
185.203  Notice of hazardous condition.
185.206  Written report of marine casualty.
185.208  Accidents to machinery.
185.210  Alcohol or drug use by individuals directly involved in 
casualties.
185.212  Mandatory chemical testing following serious marine 
incidents.
185.220  Records of a voyage resulting in a marine casualty.
185.230  Report of accident to aid to navigation.
185.260  Reports of potential vessel casualty.
185.280  Official logbook for foreign voyages.

Subpart C--Miscellaneous Operating Requirements

185.304  Navigation underway.
185.315  Verification of vessel compliance with applicable stability 
requirements.
185.320  Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.
185.330  Hatches and other openings.
185.335  Loading doors.
185.340  Vessels carrying vehicles.
185.350  Fueling of vessels using fuel having a flash point of 
43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F), or lower (such as gasoline).
185.352  Ventilation of gasoline machinery spaces.
185.356  Carriage of hazardous materials.
185.360  Use of auto pilot.

Subpart D--Crew Requirements

185.402  Licenses.
185.410  Watchmen.
185.420  Crew training.

Subpart E--Preparations for Emergencies

185.502  Crew and passenger list.
185.503  Voyage plan.
185.504  Passenger count.
185.506  Passenger safety orientation.
185.508  Wearing of life jackets.
185.510  Emergency instructions.
185.512  Recommended emergency instructions format.
185.514  Station bill.
185.516  Life jacket placards.
185.518  Inflatable survival craft placards.
185.520  Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training.
185.524  Fire fighting drills and training.
185.530  Responsibilities of licensed individuals.

Subpart F--Markings Required

185.602  Hull markings.
185.604  Lifesaving equipment markings.
185.606  Escape hatches and emergency exits.
185.608  Fuel shutoff valves.
185.610  Watertight doors and watertight hatches.
185.612  Fire protection equipment.
185.614  Portable watertight containers for distress flares and 
smoke signals.
Subpart G--Operational Readiness, Maintenance, and Inspection of 
Lifesaving Equipment
185.700  Operational readiness.
185.702  Maintenance.
185.704  Maintenance of falls.
185.720  Weekly maintenance and inspections.
185.722  Monthly inspections.
185.724  Quarterly inspections.
185.726  Annual inspections.
185.728  Testing and servicing of Emergency Position Indicating 
Radiobeacons (EPIRB).
185.730  Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable buoyant 
apparatus, inflatable life jackets, and inflated rescue boats.
185.740  Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release units.

Subpart H--Penalties

185.900  Penalty for violations.
185.910  Suspension and revocation.

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 6101; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 
3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec. 185.100  General requirement.

    A vessel must be operated in accordance with applicable laws and 
regulations and in such a manner as to afford adequate precaution 
against hazards that might endanger the vessel and the persons being 
transported.


Sec. 185.115  Applicability to existing vessels.

    (a) An existing vessel need not comply with the hull marking 
requirements in Sec. 185.602(b) until completion of a vessel's first 
drydock required by Sec. 176.600 of this subchapter, which occurs after 
March 11, 1996.
    (b) An existing vessel need not comply with the marking requirement 
in Secs. 185.604 and 185.610, where the size and contents of the 
markings required by these sections vary from the size and contents of 
required markings on lifesaving equipment, watertight doors, and 
watertight hatches on the vessel prior to March 11, 1996, until the 
existing markings are no longer legible as determined by the cognizant 
Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI).
    (c) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of 
Secs. 185.514, 185.516, and 185.604(i) until completion of the first 
inspection for certification that occurs after March 11, 1996.

Subpart B--Marine Casualties and Voyage Records


Sec. 185.202  Notice of casualty.

    (a) Immediately after the addressing of resultant safety concerns, 
the owner, agent, master, or person in charge of a vessel involved in a 
marine casualty shall notify the nearest Marine Safety Office, Marine 
Inspection Office, or Coast Guard Group Office whenever a vessel is 
involved in a marine casualty consisting of:
    (1) An unintended grounding, or an unintended strike of (allision 
with) a bridge;
    (2) An intended grounding, or an intended strike of a bridge, that 
creates a hazard to navigation, the environment, or the safety of a 
vessel, or that meets any criterion of paragraphs (a)(3) through (a)(7) 
of this section;
    (3) Loss of main propulsion or primary steering, or any associated 
component or control system, that reduces the maneuverability of the 
vessel;
    (4) An occurrence materially and adversely affecting the vessel's 
seaworthiness or fitness for service or route, including but not 
limited to fire, flooding, failure of or damage to fixed fire 
extinguishing systems, lifesaving equipment, auxiliary power generating 
equipment, or bilge pumping systems;
    (5) Loss of life;
    (6) Injury that requires professional medical treatment (treatment 
beyond first aid) and, if the person is engaged or employed on board a 
vessel in commercial service, which renders the individual unfit to 
perform his or her routine duties; or
    (7) An occurrence not meeting any of the above criteria but causing 
property damage in excess of $25,000. This damage includes the cost of 
labor and material to restore the property to its condition before the 
occurrence, but does not include the cost of salvage, cleaning, gas 
freeing, drydocking, or demurrage.
    (b) A vessel is excluded from the requirements of paragraphs (a)(5) 
and (a)(6) of this section with respect to the death or injury of 
shipyard or harbor workers when such accidents are not the result of 
either a vessel casualty (e.g., collision) or a vessel equipment 
casualty (e.g., cargo boom failure) and are subject to the reporting 
requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration 
(OSHA) in 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1904.
    (c) Notice given as required by Sec. 185.203 satisfies the 
requirement of this section if the marine casualty involves a hazardous 
condition.


Sec. 185.203  Notice of hazardous conditions.

    Whenever there is a hazardous condition, as defined by Sec. 175.400 
of this subchapter, on board the vessel, the owner, master, agent, or 
person in charge shall immediately notify the 

[[Page 1006]]
Captain of the Port of the port of place of destination and the Captain 
of the Port of the port or place in which the vessel is located of the 
hazardous condition.


Sec. 185.206  Written report of marine casualty.

    (a) The owner, master, agent, or person in charge shall, within 
five days, file a written report of any marine casualty. This written 
report is in addition to the immediate notice required by 185.202. This 
written report must be delivered to a Coast Guard Marine Safety Office, 
or Marine Inspection Office. It must be provided on Form CG-2692 
(Report of Marine Accident, Injury, or Death), Supplemented as 
necessary by appended Forms CG-2692A (Barge Addendum) and CG-2692B 
(Report of Required Chemical Drug and Alcohol Testing Following a 
Serious Marine Incident).
    (b) If filed without delay after the occurrence of the marine 
casualty, the notice required by paragraph (a) of this section suffices 
as the notice required by Sec. 185.202.


Sec. 185.208  Accidents to machinery.

    The owner, managing operator, or master shall report damage to a 
boiler, unfired pressure vessel, or machinery that renders further use 
of the item unsafe until repairs are made, to the OCMI at the port in 
which the casualty occurred or nearest the port of first arrival, as 
soon as practicable after the damage occurs.


Sec. 185.210  Alcohol or drug use by individuals directly involved in 
casualties.

    (a) For each marine casualty required to be reported by 
Sec. 185.202, the owner, agent, master, or person in charge of the 
vessel shall determine whether there is any evidence of alcohol or drug 
use by individuals directly involved in the casualty.
    (b) The owner, agent, master, or person in charge of the vessel 
shall include in the written report, Form CG 2692, submitted for the 
casualty information that:
    (1) Identifies those individuals for whom evidence of drug or 
alcohol use, or evidence of intoxication, has been obtained; and
    (2) Specifies the method use to obtain such evidence, such as 
personal observation of the individual, or by chemical testing of the 
individual.
    (c) An entry must be made in the Official Logbook if carried, 
pertaining to those individuals for whom evidence of intoxication is 
obtained. The individual shall be informed of this entry and the entry 
shall be witnessed by a second person.
    (d) If an individual directly involved in a casualty refuses to 
submit to, or cooperate in, the administration of a timely chemical 
test, when directed by a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant, or petty 
officer, or any other law enforcement officer authorized to obtain a 
chemical test under Federal, state, or local law, or by the owner, 
agent, master, or person in change, this fact must be noted in the 
Official Logbook, if carried, and in the written report (Form CG 2692), 
and will be admissible as evidence in any administrative proceeding.


Sec. 185.212  Mandatory chemical testing following serious marine 
incidents.

    A marine employer whose vessel is involved in a casualty or 
incident that is, or is likely to become, a serious marine incident as 
defined in Sec. 4.03-2 of subchapter A of this chapter shall comply 
with the requirements of Sec. 4.06 in subchapter A of this chapter.


Sec. 185.220  Records of a voyage resulting in a marine casualty.

    The owner, agent, master, or person in charge of any vessel 
involved in a marine casualty for which a report is required under 
Sec. 185.202 of this part shall retain all voyage records maintained by 
the vessel, including rough and smooth deck and engine room logs, bell 
books, navigation charts, navigation work books, compass deviation 
cards, gyrocompass records, stowage plans, records of draft, aids to 
mariners, night order books, radiograms sent and received, radio logs, 
crew and passenger lists and counts, articles of shipment, official 
logs, and other material that might be of assistance in investigating 
and determining the cause of the casualty. The owner, agent, master, 
other officer, or person responsible for the custody thereof, shall 
make these records available upon request, to a duly authorized 
investigating officer, administrative law judge, officer of employee of 
the Coast Guard.


Sec. 185.230  Report of accident to aid to navigation.

    Whenever a vessel collides with a buoy, or other aid to navigation 
under the jurisdiction of the Coast Guard, or is connected with any 
such collision, the person in charge of such vessel shall report the 
accident to the nearest OCMI. No report on Form CG 2692 is required 
unless otherwise required under 185.202.


Sec. 185.260  Reports of potential vessel casualty.

    (a) An owner, charterer, managing operator, or agent of a vessel 
shall immediately notify either of the following Coast Guard offices if 
there is reason to believe the vessel is lost or imperiled:
    (1) The Coast Guard district rescue coordination center (RCC) 
cognizant over the area in which the vessel was last operating; or
    (2) The Coast Guard search and rescue authority nearest to where 
the vessel was last operating.
    (b) Reasons for belief that a vessel is in distress include, but 
are not limited to, lack of communication with or nonappearance of the 
vessel.
    (c) The owner, charterer, managing operator, or agent notifying the 
Coast Guard under paragraph (a) of this section, shall provide the name 
and identification number of the vessel, a description of the vessel, 
the names or number of individuals on board, and other information that 
may be requested by the Coast Guard.


Sec. 185.280  Official Logbook for foreign voyages.

    (a) Every vessel on a voyage from a port in the United States to a 
foreign port except to a port in Canada, or vice versa, must have an 
Official Logbook.
    (b) The master shall make or have made in the Official Logbook the 
following entries:
    (1) Each legal conviction of a seaman of the vessel and the 
punishment inflicted;
    (2) Each offense committed by a seaman of the vessel for which it 
is intended to prosecute or to enforce under a forfeiture, together 
with statements about reading the entry and the reply made to the 
charge as required by 46 U.S.C. 11502;
    (3) A statement of the conduct, character, and qualifications of 
each seaman of the vessel or a statement that the master declines to 
give an opinion about that conduct, character, and qualifications;
    (4) Each illness of or injury to a seaman of the vessel, the nature 
of the illness or injury, and the medical treatment;
    (5) Each death on board, with the cause of death, and if a seaman, 
the information required by 46 U.S.C. 10702:
    (i) The wages due to a seaman who dies during the voyage and the 
gross amount of all deductions to be made from the wages;
    (ii) The sale of the property of a seaman who dies during the 
voyage, including a statement of each article 

[[Page 1007]]
sold and the amount received for the property;
    (6) Each birth on board, with the sex of the infant and the name of 
the parents;
    (7) Each marriage on board, with the names and ages of the parties;
    (8) The name of each seaman who ceases to be a crew member (except 
by death), with the place, time, manner, and the cause why the seaman 
ceased to be a crew member;
    (9) When a marine casualty occurs, a statement about the casualty 
and the circumstances under which it occurred, made immediately after 
the casualty when practicable to do so.

Subpart C--Miscellaneous Operating Requirements


Sec. 185.304  Navigation underway.

    (a) The movement of vessel shall be under the direction and control 
of the master or a licensed mate at all times. The master shall operate 
the vessel keeping the safety of the passengers and crew foremost in 
mind by directing the vessel in order to prevent a casualty. Special 
attention should be paid to:
    (1) The current(s) velocity and direction of the transiting area;
    (2) Tidal state;
    (3) Prevailing visibility and weather conditions;
    (4) Density of marine traffic;
    (5) Potential damage caused by own wake;
    (6) The danger of each closing visual or each closing radar 
contact;
    (7) Vessel's handling characteristics; and
    (8) Magnetic variation and deviation errors of the compass.


Sec. 185.315  Verification of vessel compliance with applicable 
stability requirements.

    After loading and prior to departure and at all other times 
necessary to assure the safety of the vessel, the master shall 
determine that the vessel complies with all applicable stability 
requirements in the vessel's trim and stability book, stability letter, 
Certificate of Inspection, and Load Line Certificate, as the case may 
be. The vessel may not depart until it is in compliance with these 
requirements.


Sec. 185.320  Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.

    The master of a vessel shall have examined and tested the steering 
gear, signaling whistle, propulsion controls, and communication systems 
of the vessel prior to getting underway for a voyage, except that such 
examination and testing need not be conducted more than once in any 24 
hour period.


Sec. 185.330  Hatches and other openings.

    (a) Except when operating on lakes, bays, and sounds, or rivers 
routes in calm weather, all hatches and openings in the hull, except 
loading doors, of a vessel must be kept tightly closed except when 
being used.
    (b) All watertight doors in subdivision bulkheads must be kept 
tightly closed during the navigation of the vessel except when being 
used for transit between compartments.


Sec. 185.335  Loading doors.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, the master 
of a vessel fitted with loading doors shall assure that all loading 
doors are closed watertight and secured during the entire voyage.
    (b) Loading doors, other than bow visors, may be opened when 
operating in protected or partially protected waters, provided the 
master of the vessel determines that the safety of the vessel is not 
impaired.
    (c) For the purpose of this section, ``loading doors'' include all 
weathertight ramps, bow visors, and openings used to load personnel, 
equipment, and stores, in the collision bulkhead, the side shell, and 
the boundaries of enclosed superstructures that are continuous with the 
shell of the vessel.


185.340  Vessels carrying vehicles.

    (a) Automobiles or other vehicles must be stowed in such a manner 
as to permit both passengers and crew to get out and away from the 
vehicles freely in the event of fire or other disaster. The decks, 
where necessary, must be distinctly marked with painted lines to 
indicate the vehicle runways and the aisle spaces.
    (b) The master shall take any necessary precautions to see that 
automobiles or other vehicles have their motors turned off and their 
emergency brakes set when the vessel is underway, and that the motors 
are not started until the vessel is secured to the landing. In 
addition, a vehicle at each end of a line of vehicles or next to a 
loading ramp must have its wheels securely blocked, while the vessel is 
being navigated.
    (c) The master shall have appropriate ``NO SMOKING'' signs posted 
and shall take all necessary precautions to prevent smoking or carrying 
of lighted or smoldering pipes, cigars, cigarettes, or similar items in 
the deck area assigned to automobiles or other vehicles.
    (d) The master shall, prior to getting underway, ensure that 
vehicles are properly distributed consistent with the guidance in the 
vessel's stability letter and Certificate of Inspection, if applicable.


Sec. 185.350  Fueling of vessels using fuel having a flash point of 
43.3 deg. C (110 deg. F) or lower (such as gasoline).

    A vessel must not take on fuel having a flash point of 43.3 deg. C 
(110 deg. F) or lower when passengers are on board.


Sec. 185.352  Ventilation of gasoline machinery spaces.

    The mechanical exhaust for the ventilation of a gasoline machinery 
space, required by Sec. 182.460(a)(1)(ii) of this chapter, must be 
operated prior to starting gasoline engines for the time sufficient to 
insure at least one complete change of air in the space served.


Sec. 185.356  Carriage of hazardous materials.

    A vessel that transports a hazardous material, listed in 49 CFR 
172.101, in commerce shall ensure the material is handled and 
transported in accordance with 49 CFR Parts 171 and 179.


Sec. 185.360  Use of auto pilot.

    Whenever an automatic pilot is used the master shall ensure that:
    (a) It is possible to immediately establish manual control of the 
vessel's steering;
    (b) A competent person is ready at all times to take over steering 
control; and
    (c) The changeover from automatic to manual steering and vice versa 
is made by, or under the supervision of, the master or the mate on 
watch.

Subpart D--Crew Requirements


Sec. 185.402  Licenses.

    Each licensed individual employed upon any vessel subject to the 
provisions of this subchapter shall have his or her license on board 
and available for examination at all times when the vessel is 
operating.


Sec. 185.410  Watchmen.

    The owner, charterer, master, or managing operator of a vessel 
carrying overnight passengers shall have a suitable number of watchmen 
patrol throughout the vessel during the nighttime, whether or not the 
vessel is underway, to guard against, and give alarm in case of, a fire 
or other danger.


Sec. 185.420  Crew training.

    The owner, charterer, master or managing operator shall instruct 
each crew member, upon first being employed and prior to getting 
underway for the first time on a particular vessel and at least once 
every three months, as to the duties that the crew member is expected 
to perform in an emergency including, but not limited to, the emergency 
instructions listed on the emergency instruction placard required by 
Sec. 185.510 of this part and, when 

[[Page 1008]]
applicable, the duties listed in the station bill required by 
Sec. 185.514 of this part.
    (b) Crew training shall be logged or otherwise documented for 
review by the Coast Guard upon request. The training entry shall 
include the following information.
    (1) Date of the training; and
    (2) General description of the training topics.

Subpart E--Preparations for Emergencies


Sec. 185.502  Crew and passenger list.

    (a) The owner, charterer, managing operator, or master of the 
following vessels must keep a correct list of the names of all persons 
that embark on and disembark from the vessel:
    (1) A vessel making a coastwise or oceans voyage where:
    (i) Passengers embark or disembark from the vessel to another 
vessel or port other than at the port of origin; or
    (ii) Passengers are carried overnight;
    (2) A vessel making a voyage of more than 300 miles on the Great 
Lakes, except from a Canadian to a United States port; and
    (3) A vessel arriving from a foreign port, except at a United 
States Great Lakes port from a Canadian Great Lakes port.
    (b) The master of a vessel required to prepare a crew and passenger 
list by paragraph (a) of this section shall see that the list is 
prepared prior to departing on a voyage. The list must be communicated 
verbally or in writing ashore at the vessel's normal berthing location 
or with a representative of the owner or managing operator of the 
vessel. The crew and passenger list shall be available to the Coast 
Guard upon request.


Sec. 185.503  Voyage plan

    (a) The master of the following vessels shall prepare a voyage 
plan:
    (1) A vessel making an oceans or coastwise voyage;
    (2) A vessel making a voyage of more than 300 miles on the Great 
Lakes, except from a Canadian to a United States port;
    (3) A vessel, with overnight accommodations for passengers, making 
an overnight voyage; and
    (4) A vessel arriving from a foreign port, except at a United 
States Great Lakes port from a Canadian Great Lakes port.
    (b) The voyage plan required by paragraph (a) of this section must 
be prepared prior to departing on a voyage and communicated verbally or 
in writing, ashore at the vessel's normal berthing location or with a 
representative of the owner or managing operator of the vessel. The 
voyage plan shall be available to the Coast Guard upon request.


Sec. 185.504  Passenger count.

    The master of a vessel, except a vessel listed in Sec. 185.502(a) 
of this part, shall keep a correct, written count of all passengers 
that embark on and disembark from the vessel. Prior to departing on a 
voyage, the passenger count must be communicated verbally or in 
writing, and available ashore at the vessel's normal berthing location 
or with a representative of the owner or managing operator of the 
vessel. The passenger count shall be available to the Coast Guard upon 
request.


Sec. 185.506  Passenger safety orientation.

    (a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, before 
getting underway on a voyage, the master of a vessel shall ensure that 
suitable public announcements are made informing all passengers of the 
information in this section when applicable to the vessel's operations 
and arrangement:
    (1) The location of emergency exists, survival craft embarkation 
areas, and ring life buoys;
    (2) The stowage location(s) of life jackets;
    (3) Either:
    (i) The proper method of donning and adjusting life jackets of the 
type(s) carried on the vessel including a demonstration of the proper 
donning of a lifejacket, or
    (ii) that passengers may contact a crew member for a demonstration 
as appropriate, prior to beginning an oceans or coastwise voyage;
    (4) The location of the instruction placards for life jackets and 
other lifesaving devices;
    (5) That all passengers will be required to don life jackets when 
possible hazardous conditions exist, as directed by the master; and
    (6) If the vessel is operating with reduced manning or equipment 
requirements in Sec. 176.114 of this chapter.
    (b) On a vessel with other than an oceans or coastwise route, as an 
alternative to an announcement that complies with paragraph (a) of this 
section, the master or other designated person may:
    (1) Prior to getting underway, deliver to each passenger or, on a 
vessel that does not carry vehicles and that has seats for each 
passenger, place near each seat, a card or pamphlet that has the 
information listed in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(6) of this section; and
    (2) Make an abbreviated announcement consisting of:
    (i) A statement that passengers should follow the instructions of 
the crew in an emergency;
    (ii) The location of life jackets; and
    (iii) That further information concerning emergency procedures 
including the donning of life jackets, location of other emergency 
equipment, and emergency evacuation procedures are located on the card 
or pamphlet that was given to each passenger or is located near each 
seat.
    (c) The master of a vessel shall ensure that a passenger, who 
boards the vessel on a voyage after the initial public announcement has 
been made as required by paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, is also 
informed of the required safety information.
    (d) On a vessel on a voyage of more than 24 hours duration, 
passengers shall be requested to don life jackets and go to the 
appropriate embarkation station during the safety orientation. If only 
a small number of passengers embark at a port after the original muster 
has been held, these passengers must be given the passenger safety 
orientation required by paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section if 
another muster is not held.


Sec. 185.508  Wearing of life jackets.

    (a) The master of a vessel shall require passengers to don life 
jackets when possible hazardous conditions exist, including, but not 
limited to:
    (1) When transiting hazardous bars and inlets;
    (2) During severe weather;
    (3) In event of flooding, fire, or other events that may possibly 
call for evacuation; and
    (4) When the vessel is being towed, except a non-self-propelled 
vessel under normal operating conditions.
    (b) The master or crew shall assist each passenger in obtaining a 
life jacket and donning it, as necessary.


Sec. 185.510  Emergency instructions.

    (a) The master and crew of a vessel will be familiar with the 
content of and have mounted at the operating station, emergency 
instructions containing the actions to be taken in the event of fire, 
heavy weather, or man overboard conditions.
    (b) Except when in the judgment of the cognizant OCMI the operation 
of a vessel does not present one of the hazards listed, the emergency 
instruction placard should contain at least the applicable portions of 
the ``Emergency Instructions'' listed in Sec. 185.512. The emergency 
instructions must be designed to address the particular equipment, 
arrangement, and operation of each individual vessel.

[[Page 1009]]

    (c) If the cognizant OCMI determines that there is no suitable 
mounting surface aboard the vessel, the emergency instructions need not 
be posted but must be carried aboard the vessel and be available to the 
crew for familiarization.


Sec. 185.512  Recommended emergency instructions format.

    An emergency instruction placard containing the following 
information will satisfy the requirements of Sec. 185.510.
    (a) Emergency Instructions. (1) Rough weather at sea, crossing 
hazardous bars, or flooding. (i) Close all watertight and weathertight 
doors, hatches, and airports to prevent taking water aboard or further 
flooding in the vessel.
    (ii) Keep bilges dry to prevent loss of stability due to water in 
bilges. Use power driven bilge pump, hand pump, and buckets to dewater.
    (iii) Align fire pumps to use as bilge pump if possible.
    (iv) Check all intake and discharge lines, which penetrate the 
hull, for leakage.
    (v) Passengers must remain seated and evenly distributed.
    (vi) Passengers must don life jackets if the going becomes very 
rough, the vessel is about to cross a hazardous bar, or when otherwise 
instructed by the master.
    (vii) Never abandon the vessel unless actually forced to do so.
    (viii) If assistance is needed follow the procedures on the 
emergency broadcast placard posted by the radiotelephone.
    (ix) Prepare survival craft (life floats, (inflatable) rafts, 
(inflatable) buoyant apparatus, boats) for launching.
    (2) Man overboard. (i) Throw a ring buoy overboard as close to the 
person as possible.
    (ii) Post a lookout to keep the person overboard in sight.
    (iii) Launch rescue boat and maneuver to pick up person in the 
water, or maneuver the vessel to pick up the person in the water.
    (iv) Have crew member put on life jacket, attach a safety line to 
him or her, and have him or her stand by jump into the water to assist 
the person overboard if necessary.
    (v) If person is not immediately located, notify Coast Guard and 
other vessels in vicinity by radiotelephone.
    (vi) Continue search until released by Coast Guard.
    (3) Fire. (i) Cut off air supply to fire--close items such as 
hatches, ports, doors, ventilators, and louvers, and shut off 
ventilation system.
    (ii) Cut off electrical system supplying affected compartment if 
possible.
    (iii) If safe, immediately use portable fire extinguishers at base 
of flames for flammable liquid or grease fires or water for fires in 
ordinary combustible materials. Do not use water on electrical fires.
    (iv) If fire is in machinery spaces, shut off fuel supply and 
ventilation and activate fixed extinguishing system if installed.
    (v) Maneuver vessel to minimize effect of wind on fire.
    (vi) If unable to control fire, immediately notify the Coast Guard 
and other craft in the vicinity by radiotelephone.
    (vii) Move passengers away from fire, have them put on life 
jackets, and if necessary, prepare to abandon the vessel.
    (b) [Reserved]


Sec. 185.514  Station bill.

    (a) A station bill must be posted by the master on a vessel of more 
than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length having a Certificate of Inspection 
requiring more than four crew members at any one time, including the 
master.
    (b) The station bill required by paragraph (a) of this section must 
set forth the special duties and duty station of each crew member for 
various emergencies. The duties must, as far as possible, be comparable 
with the regular work of the individual. The duties must include at 
least the following and any other duties necessary for the proper 
handling of a particular emergency:
    (1) The closing of hatches, airports, watertight doors, vents, 
scuppers, and valves for intake and discharge lines that penetrate the 
hull, the stopping of fans and ventilating systems, and the operating 
of all safety equipment;
    (2) The preparing and launching of survival craft and rescue boats;
    (3) The extinguishing of fire; and
    (4) The mustering of passengers including the following:
    (i) Warning the passengers;
    (ii) Assembling the passengers and directing them to their 
appointed stations; and
    (iii) Keeping order in the passageways and stairways and generally 
controlling the movement of the passengers.
    (c) The station bill must be posted at the operating station and in 
a conspicuous location in each crew accommodation space.


Sec. 185.516  Life jacket placards.

    (a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the 
life jackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places 
that are regularly accessible and visible to the crew and passengers.
    (b) If the cognizant OCMI determines that there is no suitable 
mounting surface aboard the vessel, the life jacket placards need not 
be posted but must be carried aboard the vessel and be available to the 
crew and passengers for familiarization.


Sec. 185.518  Inflatable survival craft placards.

    (a) Every vessel equipped with an inflatable survival craft must 
have approved placards or other cards containing instruction for 
launching and inflating inflatable survival craft for the information 
of persons on board posted in conspicuous places by each inflatable 
survival craft.
    (b) Under the requirement in Sec. 160.051-6(c)(1) in subchapter Q 
of this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant, the 
manufacturer of approved inflatable liferafts is required to provide 
approved placards containing such instructions with each liferaft. 
Similar placards must be used for other inflatable survival craft.


Sec. 185.520  Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training.

    (a) The master shall conduct sufficient drills and give sufficient 
instructions to make sure that all crew members are familiar with their 
duties during emergencies that necessitate abandoning ship or the 
recovery of persons who have fallen overboard.
    (b) Each abandon ship drill must include:
    (1) Summoning the crew to report to assigned stations and prepare 
for assigned duties;
    (2) Summoning passengers on a vessel on an overnight voyage to 
muster stations or embarkation stations and ensuring that they are made 
aware of how the order to abandon ship will be given;
    (3) Checking that life jackets are correctly donned;
    (4) Operation of any davits used for launching liferafts; and
    (5) Instruction on the automatic and manual deployment of survival 
craft.
    (c) Each abandon ship drill must, as far as practicable, be 
conducted as if there were an actual emergency.
    (d) Each rescue boat required in accordance with Sec. 180.210 of 
this chapter must be launched with its assigned crew aboard and 
maneuvered in the water as if during an actual man overboard situation:
    (1) Once each month, if reasonable and practicable; but
    (2) At least once within a 3 month period before the vessel gets 
underway with passengers.
    (e) Onboard training in the use of davit launched liferafts must 
take place at intervals of not more than 3 months on a vessel with a 
davit launched liferaft.

[[Page 1010]]

    (f) Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training shall be 
logged or otherwise documented for review by the Coast Guard upon 
request. The drill entry shall include the following information:
    (1) Date of the drill and training; and
    (2) General description of the drill scenario and training topics.


Sec. 185.524  Fire fighting drills and training.

    (a) The master shall conduct sufficient fire drills to make sure 
that each crew member is familiar with his or her duties in case of a 
fire.
    (b) Each fire drill must include:
    (1) Summoning passengers on a vessel on an overnight voyage to 
muster or embarkation stations;
    (2) Summoning the crew to report to assigned stations and to 
prepare for and demonstrate assigned duties; and
    (3) Instruction in the use of fire extinguishers and any other fire 
fighting equipment on board.
    (c) Each fire drill must, as far as practicable, be conducted as if 
there were an actual emergency.
    (d) Fire fighting drills and training shall be logged or otherwise 
documented for review by the Coast Guard upon request. The drill entry 
shall include the following information:
    (1) Date of the drill and training; and
    (2) General description of the drill scenario and training topics.


Sec. 185.530  Responsibilities of licensed individuals.

    Nothing in the emergency instructions or a station bill required by 
this subpart exempts any licensed individual from the exercise of good 
judgment in an emergency situation.

Subpart F--Markings Required


Sec. 185.602  Hull markings.

    (a) This section applies to each vessel that fits into any one of 
the following categories:
    (1) A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length.
    (2) A sailing vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length.
    (3) A vessel authorized to carry more than 12 passengers on an 
international voyage.
    (4) A vessel with more than 1 deck above the bulkhead deck 
exclusive of a pilot house.
    (b) Each vessel must be marked as required by Part 67 in subchapter 
G of this chapter.
    (c) Each vessel that complies with the stability requirements of 
Secs. 170.170, 170.173, 171.050, 171.055, and 171.057 in subchapter S 
of this chapter, in accordance with Sec. 178.310 of this chapter, must:
    (1) Have permanent draft marks at each end of the vessel; or
    (2) Have permanent loading marks placed on each side of the vessel 
forward, amidships, and aft to indicate the maximum allowable draft and 
trim.
    (d) A loading mark required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section 
must be a horizontal line of at least 205 millimeters (8 inches) in 
length and 25 millimeters (1 inch) in height, with its upper edge 
passing through the point of maximum draft. The loading mark must be 
painted in a contrasting color to the sideshell paint.
    (e) On a vessel that has a load line, the amidships marks required 
by paragraph (c)(2) of this section will be those required by the 1966 
International Load Line Convention.
    (f) In cases where draft marks are obscured due to operational 
constraints or by protrusions, the vessel must be fitted with a 
reliable draft indicating system from which the bow and stern drafts 
can be determined.
    (g) On a vessel on which the number of passengers permitted on 
upper decks is limited by stability criteria, as indicated by the 
vessel's stability letter, the maximum number of passengers allowed on 
an upper deck must be indicated by a durable marking of at least 25 
millimeters (1 inch) numbers and letters at the entranceway to each 
such deck.


Sec. 185.604  Lifesaving equipment markings.

    (a) The name of a vessel must be marked or painted in clearly 
legible letters and numbers at least 76 millimeters (3 inches) high:
    (1) On each side of the bow of each rescue boat; and
    (2) On each life float and buoyant apparatus.
    (b) Each life jacket, immersion suit, and ring life buoy must be 
marked in clearly legible block capital letters with the vessel's name. 
The marking is not required on a life jacket carried to meet a 
temporary need for additional life jackets, if the life jacket has the 
name of another vessel marked on it. For an immersion suit, the name of 
the person to whom the immersion suit is assigned is an acceptable 
alternative to the name of the vessel.
    (c) The name of the vessel must be marked or painted in clearly 
legible letters on each Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon 
(EPIRB), except on an EPIRB in an inflatable liferaft.
    (d) The number of persons capacity must be marked or painted in 
clearly legible letters on each side of the bow of each rescue boat in 
letters and numbers at least 40 millimeters (1.5 inches) high.
    (e) The number of persons capacity must be marked or painted in 
clearly legible letters on each life float and buoyant apparatus in 
letters and numbers at least 40 millimeters (1.5 inches high). This 
number must:
    (1) Be the number of persons the device is equipped for; and
    (2) Not be greater than the number of persons the device is 
approved for as shown on its nameplate.
    (f) The number and identification of the items stowed inside, and 
their sizes, must be marked in clearly legible letters and numbers on 
each container for life jackets and immersion suits. Identification of 
the items may be in words, or the appropriate symbols in International 
Maritime Organization (IMO) Resolution A.760(18), ``Symbols Related to 
Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements.'' Letters and numbers must be 
at least 50 millimeters (2 inches) high. Symbols must be at least 100 
mm (4 inches) square.
    (g) The name of the vessel must be marked or painted in clearly 
legible letters on each life float paddle.
    (h) Each life jacket must be marked with Type I retroreflective 
material approved in accordance with Sec. 164.018 in subchapter Q of 
this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant. The 
arrangement of the retroreflective material applied after March 11, 
1996, must be as specified by IMO Resolution A.658(16), ``Use and 
Fitting Of Retro-Reflective Materials on Life-Saving Appliances.''
    (i) Each rescue boat and ring life buoy must be marked with Type II 
retroreflective material approved in accordance with Sec. 164.018 in 
subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant. The arrangement of the retroreflective material applied 
after March 11, 1996, must be as specified by IMO Resolution A.658(16).


Sec. 185.606   Escape hatches and emergency exits.

    All escape hatches and other emergency exits used as means of 
escape must be marked on both sides in clearly legible letters at least 
50 millimeters (2 inches) high: ``EMERGENCY EXIT, KEEP CLEAR'', unless 
such markings are deemed unnecessary by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 185.608   Fuel shutoff valves.

    Remote fuel shutoff stations must be marked in clearly legible 
letters at least 25 millimeters (1 inch) high indicating purpose of the 
valve and direction of operation.

[[Page 1011]]



Sec. 185.610   Watertight doors and watertight hatches.

    Watertight doors and watertight hatches must be marked on both 
sides in clearly legible letters at least 25 millimeters (1 inch) high: 
``WATERTIGHT DOOR--KEEP CLOSED'' or ``WATERTIGHT HATCH--KEEP CLOSED'', 
unless such markings are deemed unnecessary by the cognizant OCMI.


Sec. 185.612   Fire protection equipment.

    (a) Complete but simple instructions for the operation of a fixed 
gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at 
or near each pull box and stop valve control and in the space where the 
extinguishing agent cylinders are stored. If the storage cylinders are 
separate from the protected space, the instructions must also include a 
schematic diagram of the system and instructions detailing alternate 
methods of releasing the extinguishing agent should the local manual 
release or stop valve controls fail to operate. Each control valve to a 
distribution line must be marked to indicate the space served.
    (b) An alarm for a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be 
clearly and conspicuously marked ``WHEN ALARM SOUNDS-VACATE AT ONCE. 
CARBON DIOXIDE BEING RELEASED''. Where a different extinguishing agent 
is installed, that agent shall be marked in place of ``carbon 
dioxide.''
    (c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing 
system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and 
permanently marked indicating the space served.
    (d) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be 
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``SPRINKLER ALARM''.
    (e) An alarm bell for a smoke detecting system must be 
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``SMOKE DETECTION 
ALARM''.
    (f) A control cabinet or space containing valves, manifolds, or 
controls for any fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be 
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE 
EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS'', or as otherwise required by the cognizant 
OCMI. Where a different extinguishing agent is installed, that agent 
shall be marked in place of ``carbon dioxide.''


Sec. 122.614   Portable watertight container for distress flares and 
smoke signals.

    Portable watertight containers for distress flares and smoke 
signals shall be of a bright color, and containers shall be clearly 
marked in legible contrasting letters at least 12.7 millimeters (0.5 
inches) high: ``DISTRESS SIGNALS''.

Subpart G--Operational Readiness, Maintenance, and Inspection of 
Lifesaving Equipment


Sec. 185.700   Operational readiness.

    (a) Each launching appliance and each survival craft and rescue 
boat on a vessel must be in good working order and ready for immediate 
use before the vessel leaves port and at all times when the vessel is 
underway.
    (b) Each deck where survival craft or rescue boats are stowed or 
boarded must be kept clear of obstructions that would interfere with 
the boarding and launching of the survival craft or rescue boat.


Sec. 185.702   Maintenance.

    (a) The manufacturer's instructions for onboard maintenance of 
survival craft, rescue boats, and launching appliances, manufactured on 
or after March 11, 1996, must be onboard a vessel of more than 19.8 
meters (65 feet) in length and readily available for a vessel of not 
more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length. The instructions must also 
be readily available at each inspection for certification and 
reinspection.
    (b) The owner or managing operator shall make sure that maintenance 
is carried out in accordance with the instructions required under 
paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) The cognizant OCMI may accept, instead of the instructions 
required under paragraph (a) of this section, a shipboard planned 
maintenance program that includes the items listed in that paragraph.
    (d) The inspection and maintenance of the equipment listed in 
paragraph (a) of this section shall be logged or otherwise documented 
for review by the Coast Guard upon request.


Sec. 185.704   Maintenance of falls.

    (a) Each fall used in a launching appliance on a vessel must be 
turned end for end at intervals of not more than 30 months.
    (b) Each fall must be renewed when necessary due to deterioration 
or at intervals of not more than 5 years, whichever is earlier.
    (c) Each fall must have a corrosion resistant tag with the 
following permanently marked on it:
    (1) The date the new fall was installed; and
    (2) If the fall has been turned end for end, the date it was 
turned.


Sec. 185.720   Weekly maintenance and inspections.

    The following tests and inspections must be carried out weekly on a 
vessel:
    (a) Each survival craft, rescue boat, and launching appliance must 
be visually inspected to ensure its readiness for use;
    (b) Each rescue boat engine must be run ahead and astern for not 
less than 3 minutes, unless the ambient temperature is below the 
minimum temperature required for starting the engine; and
    (c) Each battery for rescue boat engine starting must be brought up 
to full charge at least once each week if:
    (1) The battery is of a type that requires recharging; and
    (2) The battery is not connected to a device that keeps it 
continuously charged.


Sec. 185.722   Monthly inspections.

    Each survival craft, rescue boat, and launching appliance on a 
vessel must be inspected monthly, using the manufacturers instructions 
to make sure it is complete and in good order.


Sec. 185.724  Quarterly inspections.

    (a) Each winch control apparatus of a launching appliance on a 
vessel, including motor controllers, emergency switches, master 
switches, and limit switches, must be examined once in each 3 months.
    (b) The examination required by paragraph (a) of this section must 
include the removal of drain plugs and the opening of drain valves to 
make sure that enclosures are free of water.


Sec. 185.726  Annual inspections.

    (a) Each rescue boat must be stripped, cleaned, and thoroughly 
inspected, and any necessary repairs made at least once each year, 
including emptying and cleaning of each fuel tank, and refilling it 
with fresh fuel.
    (b) Each davit, winch, fall and other launching appliance must be 
thoroughly inspected, and any necessary repairs made, at least once 
each year.
    (c) Each item of lifesaving equipment with an expiration date must 
be replaced during the annual inspection and repair if the expiration 
date has passed.
    (d) Each battery used in an item of lifesaving equipment, except 
inflatable survival craft equipment, must be replaced during the annual 
inspection if the expiration date of the battery has passed. The 
expiration date of the battery may be marked on the battery or the 
owner or managing operator may have a record of the expiration date 
from the manufacturer of a battery marked with a serial number.

[[Page 1012]]

    (e) Except for a storage battery used in a rescue boat, each 
battery without an expiration date indicated on it or for which the 
owner or managing operator does not have a record of the expiration 
date, used in an item of lifesaving equipment, must be replaced during 
the annual inspection.


Sec. 185.728  Testing and servicing of Emergency Position Indicating 
Radiobeacons (EPIRB).

    The master of the vessel shall ensure that:
    (a) Each EPIRB, other than an EPIRB is an inflatable liferaft, must 
be tested monthly, using the integrated test circuit and output 
indicator, to determine that it is operative;
    (b) The EPIRB's battery is replaced after it is used, or before the 
date required by FCC regulations in 47 CFR Part 80, whichever comes 
sooner; and
    (c) The EPIRB test required by paragraph (a) shall be logged or 
otherwise documented, as applicable.


Sec. 185.730  Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable buoyant 
apparatus, inflatable life jackets and inflated rescue boats.

    (a) Each inflatable liferaft, inflatable buoyant apparatus, 
inflatable life jacket, and hybrid inflatable life jacket or work vest 
must be serviced:
    (1) Within 12 months of its initial packing; and
    (2) Within 12 months of each subsequent servicing, except when 
servicing is delayed until the next scheduled inspection of the vessel, 
provided that the delay does not exceed 5 months.
    (b) Each inflatable liferaft and inflatable buoyant apparatus must 
be serviced:
    (1) Whenever the container of the raft is damaged, or the straps or 
seal are broken; and
    (2) In accordance with the servicing procedure under Sec. 160.151 
in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (c) Each inflatable life jacket must be serviced in accordance with 
the servicing procedure under Sec. 160.176 in subchapter Q of this 
chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant.
    (d) Each hybrid inflatable life jacket or work vest must be 
serviced in accordance with the servicing procedure under Sec. 160.077 
in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the 
Commandant.
    (e) Repair and maintenance of inflated rescue boats must be in 
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. All repairs must be 
made at a servicing facility approved by the Commandant, except for 
emergency repairs carried out on board the vessel.


Sec. 185.740  Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release units.

    (a) Each hydrostatic release unit, other than a disposable unit, 
must be serviced:
    (1) Within 12 months of its manufacture and within 12 months of 
each subsequent servicing, except when servicing is delayed until the 
next scheduled inspection of the vessel, provided that the delay does 
not exceed 5 months; and
    (2) In accordance with the repair and testing procedures under 
Sec. 160.062 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard 
specified by the Commandant.
    (b) Each disposable hydrostatic release unit must be marked with an 
expiration date of two years after the date on which the unit is 
installed.

Subpart H--Penalties


Sec. 185.900  Penalty for violations.

    Violation of the provisions of this subchapter will subject the 
violator to the applicable penalty provisions of Subtitle II of Title 
46, United States Code.


Sec. 185.910  Suspension and revocation.

    An individual holding a license, certificate of registry, or 
merchant mariner's document who commits an act of misconduct, 
negligence, or incompetence, or who violates or fails to comply with 
this subchapter or any other law or regulation intending to promote 
marine safety, is subject to proceedings under the provisions of 46 
U.S.C. 7703 and Part 5 of this chapter with respect to suspension or 
revocation of a license, certificate, or document.
Robert E. Kramek,
Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard Commandant.
[FR Doc. 96-213 Filed 1-9-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-14-M