[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 246 (Friday, December 22, 1995)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 66487-66488]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-31140]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. 95-SW-29-AD; Amendment 39-9462; AD 95-26-04]
Airworthiness Directives; Robinson Helicopter Company Model R22
Helicopters
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration, DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This amendment supersedes an existing airworthiness directive
(AD), applicable to Robinson Helicopter Company (RHC) Model R22
helicopters, that currently requires revisions to the Limitations
section, the Normal Procedures section, and the Emergency Procedures
section of the R22 Rotorcraft Flight Manual, revised February 4, 1993.
These revisions limit operations in high winds and turbulence; provide
information about main rotor (M/R) stall and mast bumping; and provide
recommendations for avoiding these situations. Additionally, emergency
procedures are provided for use should certain conditions be
encountered. This action would require similar revisions to the
Limitations, Normal Procedures and Emergency Procedures sections
required by the existing AD, but the revision to the Limitations
section would prohibit only pilots without a certain level of
experience and training from operating in the flight conditions
specified. This action is prompted by data that indicates pilots who
possess a certain level of experience and training are more able to
recognize and react to the adverse meteorological conditions specified
in the AD. The actions specified by this AD are intended to prevent M/R
stall or mast bumping, which could result in the M/R blades contacting
the fuselage causing failure of the M/R system and subsequent loss of
control of the helicopter.
EFFECTIVE DATE: January 26, 1996.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Scott Horn, Aerospace Engineer,
FAA, Rotorcraft Directorate, Rotorcraft Standards Staff, Southwest
Region, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, Texas 76137, telephone (817)
222-5125, fax (817) 222-5961.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A proposal to amend part 39 of the Federal
Aviation Regulations (14 CFR part 39) by superseding AD 95-04-14,
Amendment 39-9166, which superseded Priority Letter AD 95-02-03, issued
January 12, 1995, which is applicable to RHC Model R22 helicopters, was
published in the Federal Register on October 12, 1995 (60 FR 53148).
That action proposed to require revisions to the Limitations section,
the Normal Procedures section, and the Emergency Procedures section of
the R22 Rotorcraft Flight Manual, revised February 4, 1993. These
revisions limit operations in high winds and turbulence; provide
information about M/R stalls and mast bumping; and provide
recommendations for avoiding these situations. Additionally, emergency
procedures are provided for use should certain conditions be
encountered. This supersedure will reduce limitations for pilots who
have the flight experience specified by the AD and who have completed
the SFAR No. 73 training.
Interested persons have been afforded an opportunity to participate
in the making of this amendment. Due consideration has been given to
the comment received. The sole commenter agrees with the FAA's proposal
that the FAA's exemption of those pilots with sufficient training and
experience from limitations that might in some cases substantially
restrict their Model R22 flight operations is justified.
After careful review of the available data, including the comment,
the FAA has determined that air safety and the public interest require
the adoption of the rule as proposed.
The FAA estimates that 800 helicopters of U.S. registry would be
affected by this proposed AD, that it would take approximately one-half
work hour per helicopter to accomplish the proposed actions, and that
the average labor rate is $60 per work hour. Based on these figures,
the total cost impact of the proposed AD on U.S. operators is estimated
to be $24,000.
The regulations adopted herein will not have substantial direct
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government. Therefore, in
accordance with Executive Order 12612, it is determined that this final
rule does not have sufficient federalism implications to warrant the
preparation of a Federalism Assessment.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this action (1) is
not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive Order 12866;
(2) is not a ``significant rule'' under DOT Regulatory Policies and
Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979); and (3) will not have a
significant economic impact, positive or negative, on a substantial
number of small entities under the criteria of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act. A final evaluation has been prepared for this action
and it is contained in the Rules Docket. A copy of it may be obtained
from the Rules Docket at the location provided under the caption
ADDRESSES.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Safety.
Adoption of the Amendment
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the Federal Aviation Administration amends part 39 of
the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR part 39) as follows:
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40101, 40113, 44701.
Sec. 39.13 [Amended]
2. Section 39.13 is amended by removing Amendment 39-9166, and by
adding a new airworthiness directive (AD), Amendment 39-9462, to read
as follows:
AD 95-26-04 Robinson Helicopter Company: Amendment 39-9462.
Docket No. 95-SW-29-AD. Supersedes AD 95-04-14, Amendment 39-9166.
[[Page 66488]]
Applicability: Model R22 helicopters, certificated in any
category.
Note 1: This AD applies to each helicopter identified in the
preceding applicability provision, regardless of whether it has been
modified, altered, or repaired in the area subject to the
requirements of this AD. For helicopters that have been modified,
altered, or repaired so that the performance of the requirements of
this AD is affected, the owner/operator must use the authority
provided in paragraph (b) to request approval from the FAA. This
approval may address either no action, if the current configuration
eliminates the unsafe condition, or different actions necessary to
address the unsafe condition described in this AD. Such a request
should include an assessment of the effect of the changed
configuration on the unsafe condition addressed by this AD. In no
case does the presence of any modification, alteration, or repair
remove any helicopter from the applicability of this AD.
Compliance: Required before further flight, unless accomplished
previously.
Note 2: Regardless of the experience level of the pilot
manipulating the controls or the amount or quality of the awareness
training received by the pilot manipulating the controls, these
changes to the flight manual are in no way intended to authorize
flight in any condition(s) or under any circumstance(s) that are
otherwise contrary to other Federal Aviation Regulations.
To prevent main rotor (M/R) stall or mast bumping, which could
result in the M/R blades contacting the fuselage causing failure of
the M/R system, and subsequent loss of control of the helicopter,
accomplish the following:
(a) Insert the following information into the Model R22
Rotorcraft Flight Manual. Compliance with the Limitations section is
mandatory. The Normal Procedures and Emergency Procedures sections
are informational.
Limitations Section
The following limitations (1-3) are to be observed unless the
pilot manipulating the controls has logged 200 or more flight hours
in helicopters, at least 50 of which must be in the RHC Model R22
helicopter, and has completed the awareness training specified in
Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) No. 73, issued February
27, 1995.
(1) Flight when surface winds exceed 25 knots, including gusts,
is prohibited.
(2) Flight when surface wind gust spreads exceed 15 knots is
prohibited.
(3) Continued flight in moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence
is prohibited.
Adjust forward airspeed to between 60 knots indicated airspeed
(KIAS) and 0.7 Vne, but no lower than 57 KIAS, upon
inadvertently encountering moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence.
Note: Moderate turbulence is turbulence that causes: (1) changes
in altitude or attitude; (2) variations in indicated airspeed; and
(3) aircraft occupants to feel definite strains against seat belts.
Normal Procedures Section
Note
Until the FAA completes its research into the conditions and
aircraft characteristics that lead to main rotor blade/fuselage
contact accidents, and corrective type design changes and operating
limitations are identified, Model R22 pilots are strongly urged to
become familiar with the following information and comply with these
recommended procedures.
Main Rotor Stall: Many factors may contribute to main rotor
stall and pilots should be familiar with them. Any flight condition
that creates excessive angle of attack on the main rotor blades can
produce a stall. Low main rotor RPM, aggressive maneuvering, high
collective angle (often the result of high-density altitude, over-
pitching [exceeding power available] during climb, or high forward
airspeed) and slow response to the low main rotor RPM warning horn
and light may result in main rotor stall. The effect of these
conditions can be amplified in turbulence. Main rotor stall can
ultimately result in contact between the main rotor and airframe.
Additional information on main rotor stall is provided in the
Robinson Helicopter Company Safety Notices SN-10, SN-15, SN-20, SN-
24, SN-27, and SN-29.
Mast Bumping: Mast bumping may occur with a teetering rotor
system when excessive main rotor flapping results from low ``G''
(load factor below 1.0) or abrupt control input. A low ``G'' flight
condition can result from an abrupt cyclic pushover in forward
flight. High forward airspeed, turbulence, and excessive sideslip
can accentuate the adverse effects of these control movements. The
excessive flapping results in the main rotor hub assembly striking
the main rotor mast with subsequent main rotor system separation
from the helicopter.
To avoid these conditions, pilots are strongly urged to follow
these recommendations:
(1) Maintain cruise airspeeds between 60 KIAS and less than 0.9
Vne, but no lower than 57 KIAS.
(2) Use maximum ``power-on'' RPM at all times during powered
flight.
(3) Avoid sideslip during flight. Maintain in-trim flight at all
times.
(4) Avoid large, rapid forward cyclic inputs in forward flight,
and abrupt control inputs in turbulence.
Emergency Procedures Section
(1) RIGHT ROLL IN LOW ``G'' CONDITION
Gradually apply aft cyclic to restore positive ``G'' forces and
main rotor thrust. Do not apply lateral cyclic until positive ``G''
forces have been established.
(2) UNCOMMANDED PITCH, ROLL, OR YAW RESULTING FROM FLIGHT IN
TURBULENCE.
Gradually apply controls to maintain rotor RPM, positive ``G''
forces, and to eliminate sideslip. Minimize cyclic control inputs in
turbulence; do not overcontrol.
(3) INADVERTENT ENCOUNTER WITH MODERATE, SEVERE, OR EXTREME
TURBULENCE.
If the area of turbulence is isolated, depart the area;
otherwise, land the helicopter as soon as practical.
(b) An alternative method of compliance or adjustment of the
compliance time that provides an acceptable level of safety may be
used when approved by the Manager, Rotorcraft Standards Staff,
Rotorcraft Directorate, FAA. Operators shall submit their requests
through an FAA Principal Maintenance Inspector, who may concur or
comment and then send it to the Manager, Rotorcraft Standards Staff.
Note 3: Information concerning the existence of approved
alternative methods of compliance with this AD, if any, may be
obtained from the Rotorcraft Standards Staff.
(c) Special flight permits, pursuant to sections 21.197 and
21.199 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR 21.197 and
21.199), will not be issued.
(d) This amendment becomes effective on January 26, 1996.
Issued in Fort Worth, Texas, on December 11, 1995.
Daniel P. Salvano,
Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 95-31140 Filed 12-21-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-U