[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 239 (Wednesday, December 13, 1995)]
[Notices]
[Pages 64048-64051]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-30403]



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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
[FRL-5344-7]


Retrofit/Rebuild Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year 
Urban Buses; Public Review of a Notification of Intent to Certify 
Equipment

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION: Notice of agency receipt of a notification of intent to certify 
equipment and initiation of 45 day public review and comment period.

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SUMMARY: The Agency has received a notification of intent to certify 
urban bus retrofit/rebuild equipment pursuant to 40 CFR Part 85, 
Subpart O. Pursuant to Sec. 85.1407(a)(7), today's Federal Register 
notice summarizes the notification below, announces that the 
notification is available for public review and comment, and initiates 
a 45-day period during which comments can be submitted. The Agency will 
review this notification of intent to certify, as well as comments 
received, to determine whether the equipment described in the 
notification of intent to certify should be certified. If certified, 
the equipment can be used by urban bus operators to reduce the 
particulate matter of urban bus engines.
    The Johnson Matthey, Inc. (JMI) notification of intent to certify, 
as well as other materials specifically relevant to it, are contained 
in category XI-A of Public Docket A-93-42, entitled ``Certification of 
Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Equipment''. This docket is located at the 
address below.
    Today's notice initiates a 45 day period during which the Agency 
will accept written comments relevant to whether or not the equipment 
included in this notification of intent to certify should be certified. 
Comments should be provided in writing to Public Docket A-93-42, 
Category XI-A, at the address below. An identical copy should be 
submitted to Anthony Erb, also at the address below.

DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before January 29, 1996.

ADDRESSES: Submit separate copies of comments to each of the two 
following addresses:

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Docket A-93-42 
(Category XI--A), Room M-1500, 401 M Street S.W., Washington, DC 20460.

[[Page 64049]]

2. Anthony Erb, Engine Compliance Programs Group, Engine Programs and 
Compliance Division (6405J), 401 ``M'' Street S.W., Washington, DC 
20460.

    The JMI notification of intent to certify, as well as other 
materials specifically relevant to it, are contained in the public 
docket indicated above. Docket items may be inspected from 8:00 a.m. 
until 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. As provided in 40 CFR Part 2, a 
reasonable fee may be charged by the Agency for copying docket 
materials.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Anthony Erb, Engine Compliance and 
Programs Division (6405J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M 
Street S.W., Washington, DC 20460. Telephone: (202) 233-9259.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    On April 21, 1993, the Agency published final Retrofit/Rebuild 
Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year Urban Buses (58 FR 21359). 
The retrofit/rebuild program is intended to reduce the ambient levels 
of particulate matter (PM) in urban areas and is limited to 1993 and 
earlier model year (MY) urban buses operating in metropolitan areas 
with 1980 populations of 750,000 or more, whose engines are rebuilt or 
replaced after January 1, 1995. Operators of the affected buses are 
required to choose between two compliance options: Program 1 sets 
particulate matter emissions requirements for each urban bus engine in 
an operator's fleet which is rebuilt or replaced; Program 2 is a fleet 
averaging program that establishes specific annual target levels for 
average PM emissions from urban buses in an operator's fleet.
    A key aspect of the program is the certification of retrofit/
rebuild equipment. To meet either of the two compliance options, 
operators of the affected buses must use equipment which has been 
certified by the Agency. Emissions requirements under either of the two 
compliance options depend on the availability of retrofit/rebuild 
equipment certified for each engine model. To be used for Program 1, 
equipment must be certified as meeting a 0.10 g/bhp-hr PM standard or 
as achieving a 25 percent reduction in PM. Equipment used for Program 2 
must be certified as providing some level of PM reduction that would in 
turn be claimed by urban bus operators when calculating their average 
fleet PM levels attained under the program. For Program 1, information 
on life cycle costs must be submitted in the notification of intent to 
certify in order for certification of the equipment to initiate (or 
trigger) program requirements. To trigger program requirements, the 
certifier must guarantee that the equipment will be available to all 
affected operators for a life cycle cost of $7,940 or less at the 0.10 
g/bhp-hr PM level, or for a life cycle cost of $2,000 or less for the 
25 percent or greater reduction in PM. Both of these values are based 
on 1992 dollars.

II. Notification Of Intent To Certify

    By a notification of intent to certify signed September 6, 1995, 
Johnson Matthey, Inc. (JMI) has applied for certification of equipment 
applicable to all Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) two-cycle engines 
originally equipped in an urban bus from model year 1979 to model year 
1993, exclusive of the DDC 6L71TA 1990 model year engines (see Table 
A). The notification of intent to certify states that the equipment 
being certified is a catalytic exhaust muffler (CEM). The CEM contains 
an oxidation catalyst developed specifically for diesel applications, 
packaged as a direct replacement for the muffler. The application 
states that the candidate equipment provides a 25 percent or greater 
reduction in emissions of particulate matter (PM) for petroleum fueled 
diesel engines relative to an original engine configuration with no 
after treatment installed. The engines may either be rebuilt to 
original specifications, or not rebuilt but able to meet specified 
engine calibrations. A 25 percent reduction is also claimed for engines 
that have been retrofit/rebuilt with certified new rebuild kits that do 
not include after treatment devices. The latter would apply to the DDC 
retrofit/rebuild kit which was certified on October 2, 1995 (60 FR 
51472).

                                         Table A.--Certification Levels                                         
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     PM Level 1                                                 
         Engine Models              Model Year        with CEM            Code                  Family          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6V92TA........................  1979-87..........            0.38  All..............  All.                      
MUI                                                                                                             
                                1988-1989........            0.23  All..............  All.                      
6V92TA........................  1986-89..........            0.23  All..............  All                       
DDEC I                                                                                                          
6V92TA........................  1988-91..........            0.23  All..............  All.                      
DDEC II                                                                                                         
                                1992-93..........            0.19  All..............  All.                      
6V71N.........................  1973-87..........            0.38  All..............  All.                      
6V71N.........................  1988-89..........            0.38  All..............  All.                      
6V71T.........................  1985-86..........            0.38  All..............  All.                      
8V71N.........................  1973-84..........            0.38  All..............  All.                      
6L71TA........................  1988-89..........            0.23  All..............  All.                      
6LV71TA.......................  1990-91..........            0.23  All..............  All.                      
DDEC                                                                                                            
8V92TA........................  1979-87..........            0.40  All..............  8V92TA                    
                                1988.............            0.29  All..............  8V92TA                    
8V92TA-DD.....................  1988.............            0.31  ALL..............  8V92TA-                   
                                                                                      DDEC II                   
8V92TA........................  1989.............            0.35  9E70.............  KDD0736FW8                
                                                                                      9                         
8V92TA........................  1989.............            0.29  9A90.............  KDD0736FW8                
                                                                                      9                         
8V92TA........................  1989.............            0.26  9G85.............  KDD0736FW8                
                                                                                      9                         

[[Page 64050]]
                                                                                                                
8V92TA........................  1989.............            0.31  1A...............  KDD0736FZH                
DDEC                                                                                  4                         
8V92TA........................  1990.............            0.35  9E70.............  LDD0736FAH                
                                                                                      9                         
8V92TA........................  1990.............            0.37  1A...............  LDD0736FZH                
DDEC                                                                                  3                         
8V92TA........................  1991.............            0.19  1A or 5A.........  MDD0736FZH                
DDEC                                                                                  2                         
8V92TA........................  1992-93..........            0.16  1D...............  NDD0736FZH                
DDEC                                                                                  1 &                       
                                                                                      PDD0736FZH                
                                                                                      X                         
8V92TA........................  1992-93..........            0.22  6A...............  NDD0736FZH                
DDEC                                                                                  1 &                       
                                                                                      PDD0736FZH                
                                                                                      X                         
8V92TA........................  1992-93..........            0.15  5A...............  NDD0736FZH                
DDEC                                                                                  1 &                       
                                                                                      PDD0736FZH                
                                                                                      X                         
8V92TA........................  1992-93..........            0.19  1A...............  NDD0736FZH                
DDEC                                                                                  1 &                       
                                                                                      PDD0736FZH                
                                                                                      X                         
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The original PM certification levels for the 1991 6V92TA DDEC II, 6LV71TA DDEC and 8V92TA DDEC engine models
  are based on Federal Emission Limits (FELs) under the averaging, banking and trading program. These limits are
  higher than the 1991 PM standard of 0.25 g/bhp-hr. The PM level listed in this table for the engines that are 
  equipped with the CEM provide at least a 25% reduction from the original certification levels. The 1992 to    
  1993 6V92TA DDEC II and 8V92TA DDEC engine models were also certified using FELs under the trading and banking
  program and likewise the PM levels for the engines equipped with the CEM represent at least a 25% reduction   
  from the original certification levels.                                                                       


    Transit pricing level data has been submitted with the 
notification, along with a guarantee that the equipment will be offered 
to all affected operators for less than the incremental life cycle cost 
ceiling of $2,000 in 1992 dollars. JMI indicates that the maximum cost 
in 1995 dollars will not exceed $2,173.00. Equipment cost is listed to 
be $1,926.00 and installation costs are not to exceed $247.00 (6.5 
hours of labor time maximum). JMI states that there is no fuel economy 
impact, and that no incremental maintenance will be necessary due to 
this equipment. Therefore, this equipment may qualify as a trigger for 
program requirements for the 25% reduction standard. However, it is 
noted that designation as a trigger is not necessary in this case as 
trigger technology is already certified for the 25% reduction standard 
for every engine model for which this technology would be certified. 
However, in the future this technology may lower the target PM level 
for bus operators under Program 2 for particular engine models, if the 
PM level for this technology is lower than the PM certification level 
for any other certified technology.
    JMI presents data from testing the equipment on a 2-stroke 1986 
model year DDC 6V92TA engine documenting PM emissions reduction under 
two different scenarios. In applications involving aftertreatment 
devices, the use of a ``worst case'' engine during testing allows the 
certifier to extrapolate the results to engines known to have engine 
out PM levels that are equal to or less than the test engine. Based on 
a pre-rebuild PM level for the 6V92TA of 0.50, from the table in 40 CFR 
section 85.1403(c)(1)(iii)(A), the 6V92TA qualifies as a ``worst case'' 
for all two-stroke/cycle engines with the exception of the 1990 DDC 
6L71TA.
    In the first test sequence, the baseline test was performed on the 
engine prior to rebuild. Then the catalytic converter was added to the 
exhaust system and another test was performed. The results are 
presented in Table B. When the results of the two tests are compared, 
the test on the engine that was equipped with the catalytic converter 
shows a 50% decrease in PM emissions compared to the baseline engine. 
This test also shows that hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and 
oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions are within the applicable 
emission standards.

              Table B.--Certification Emission Test Results             
             [Pre-Rebuild Composite Test Results (g/bhp-hr)]            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Baseline    Engine    Percent 
                                           engine    with CEM  reduction
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PM.....................................       0.44       0.22         50
HC.....................................       0.7        0.4          43
CO.....................................       1.0        0.6          40
NOx....................................      10.5       10.2           3
Smoke:                                                                  
  Accel (percent)......................       2          1              
  Lug (percent)........................       1          1              
  Peak (percent).......................       4          3              
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the second test sequence, the baseline test was performed on the 
engine after rebuild. Then, as in the first test sequence, the 
catalytic converter was added and a comparison test was performed. The 
results are presented in Table C. When the results of these tests are 
compared, the test on the engine with the catalytic converter installed 
shows a 38% reduction in PM emissions when compared with the test 
results for the baseline engine. The HC, CO, and NOX emissions for 
this test are within the applicable emission standards.
    JMI also provided smoke emission measurements for the engine in the 


[[Page 64051]]
rebuilt condition with the catalytic converter installed. These 
measurements indicate that the engine complies with the applicable 
smoke standards.

              Table C.--Certification Emission Test Results             
            [Post-Rebuild Composite Test Results (g/bhp-hr)]            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Baseline    Engine    Percent 
                                           engine    with CEM  reduction
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PM.....................................       0.13       0.08         38
HC.....................................       0.6        0.3          50
CO.....................................       0.7        0.4          43
NOX....................................       9.7        9.4           3
Smoke:                                                                  
  Accel (percent)......................       1          1              
  Lug (percent)........................       1          1              
  Peak (percent).......................       6          5              
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The information submitted by JMI shows that this equipment achieves 
a 25% or greater reduction in PM emissions and will be sold for less 
than the cost ceiling of $2,000 (1992 dollars). If EPA approves the 
request for certification of this equipment, urban bus operators will 
be required to use this equipment or other equipment that is already 
certified to provide 25% or greater equivalent reductions to comply 
with Program 1 of this regulation beginning December 1, 1995. This 
requirement will continue unless other equipment which reduces PM 
emissions to 0.10 g/bhp-hr is certified at or below the $7,940 life 
cycle cost ceiling.
    If EPA approves JMI's certification request, urban bus operators 
who chose to comply under Option 2 of this regulation may also use this 
equipment. If certification is approved by EPA, the emission levels of 
the JMI equipment may be used to modify the Option 2 post rebuild 
levels in July 1996, unless other rebuild kits with life cycle costs 
below the life-cycle cost ceiling and lower PM emission levels are 
certified before July 1996.
    At a minimum, EPA expects to evaluate this notification of intent 
to certify, and other materials submitted as applicable, to determine 
whether there is adequate demonstration of compliance with: (1) The 
certification requirements of Sec. 85.1406, including whether the 
testing accurately substantiates the claimed emission reduction or 
emission levels; and, (2) the requirements of Sec. 85.1407 for a 
notification of intent to certify, including whether the data provided 
by JMI complies with the life cycle cost requirements.
    The Agency requests that those commenting also consider these 
regulatory requirements, plus provide comments on any experience or 
knowledge concerning: (a) Problems with installing, maintaining, and/or 
using the candidate equipment on applicable engines; and, (b) whether 
the equipment is compatible with affected vehicles.
    The date of this notice initiates a 45 day period during which the 
Agency will accept written comments relevant to whether or not the 
equipment described in the JMI notification of intent to certify should 
be certified pursuant to the urban bus retrofit/rebuild regulations. 
Interested parties are encouraged to review the notification of intent 
to certify and provide comment during the 45 day period. Please send 
separate copies of your comments to each of the above two addresses.
    The Agency will review this notification of intent to certify, 
along with comments received from interested parties, and attempt to 
resolve or clarify issues as necessary. During the review process, the 
Agency may add additional documents to the docket as a result of the 
review process. These documents will also be available for public 
review and comment within the 45 day period.

    Dated: December 1, 1995.
Mary D. Nichols,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 95-30403 Filed 12-12-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P