[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 207 (Thursday, October 26, 1995)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 54833-54838]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-26498]



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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

49 CFR Part 571

[Docket No. 95-72; Notice 1]
RIN 2127-AF75


Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Lamps, Reflective Devices 
and Associated Equipment

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: This notice proposes amendments to Standard No. 108, the 
Federal motor vehicle standard on lighting, which are intended to 
harmonize the Standard's geometric visibility requirements for signal 
lamps, and rear side marker color, with those of the ECE. With 
harmonization of international standards in mind, the notice also seeks 
comments on whether the performance and installation of front and rear 
fog lamps ought to be regulated by Standard No. 108. Harmonization of 
motor vehicle safety regulations worldwide, without reducing safety, 
would allow manufacturers to reduce costs by producing to a single 
world vehicle standard rather than several, thus reducing costs and 
improving the flow of trade. These actions implement the grant of a 
petition for rulemaking submitted by the Groupe de Travail Bruxelles.

DATES: Comments are due December 26, 1995.

ADDRESSES: Comments should refer to Docket No. 95-72; Notice 1 and be 
submitted to: Docket Section, room 5109, 400 Seventh Street SW., 
Washington, DC 20590. (Docket hours are from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m.)

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rich Van Iderstine, Office of Safety 
Performance Standards, NHTSA (Phone: 202-366-5275; FAX: 202-366-4329).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Harmonization of Geometric Visibility Requirements

    The Groupe de Travail Bruxelles 1952 (``GTB'') is composed of 
vehicle and lamp manufacturers from Europe, Japan, and the United 
States. GTB is an advisory group for the two organizations operating 
under the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe that are 
involved in establishing motor vehicle lighting standards: The Meeting 
of Experts on Lighting and Light Signalling (GRE) and the Working Party 
on the Construction of Motor Vehicles (WP29).
    GTB is seeking to ``harmonize'' the geometric visibility 
requirements of the United States and Europe through petitioning NHTSA 
for an amendment to Standard No. 108, and GRE and WP29 for amendments 
to ECE Regulation No.48 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of 
Vehicles With Regard to the Installation of Lighting and Light-
Signalling Devices (``ECE R48''), specifically ECE R48.01. Under 
present lighting regulations, motor vehicle manufacturers must produce 
four different lighting packages for the same vehicle in order for it 
to be sold in the United States, the United Kingdom, continental 
Europe, and Japan. Harmonization of lighting requirements, without 
reducing safety, would reduce costs to manufacturers and purchasers, 
and improve the flow of trade.
    In its petition of June 15, 1994, GTB asked NHTSA to amend or 
introduce geometric visibility requirements for the following lamps and 
reflectors: backup lamp, front and rear turn signal lamps, stop lamps 
including the center highmounted stop lamp, parking lamps, taillamps, 
rear fog lamp, reflectors (front, intermediate, side, and rear), marker 
lamps (front, intermediate, and side), and daytime running lamps. The 
petition noted that rear fog lamps are not presently included in 
Standard No. 108, and that many items of lighting equipment are not 
presently subject to geometric visibility requirements.
    By way of explanation, ``geometric visibility'' is not a defined 
term in Standard No. 108. It refers to the visibility of a lamp or 
reflector mounted on a vehicle through a range of angles from left to 
right, and from up to down, with reference to the lens centerpoint 
(e.g., from 45 degrees left to 45 degrees right). With the exception of 
the center highmounted stop lamp (S5.1.1.27), the geometric visibility 
requirements for motor vehicle lamps are not set out in full in the 
text of Standard No. 108, but are contained in related SAE Standards 
that have been incorporated by reference in Standard No. 108. SAE 
requirements are not uniform and were adopted on an ad hoc basis.
    The changes that GTB requested would affect passenger cars only, 
and would expand the range of visibility requirements for many lamps, 
especially turn signal lamps and parking lamps. GTB believes that a 
majority of vehicles being sold in the United States already meet the 
requirements. For those that do not, the petitioner suggests that ``the 
necessary design changes should not be difficult to implement, assuming 
that adequate lead time is provided.''
    The requested rulemaking would add a fifth table to Standard No. 
108 of lamps covered by geometric visibility requirements and a new 
paragraph in S5.1.1 which would apply to the vehicles presently subject 
to tables III and IV, i.e., not only passenger cars, but also 
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses whose 
overall width is less than 80 inches (2032 mm). This section would 
allow manufacturers the option of providing geometric visibility of at 
least 12.5 sq. cm. or ``meeting ECE Reg 48.01 paragraph 6.'' This would 
result in imposing geometric visibility requirements on five lamps and 
four reflectors not currently subject to geometric visibility 
specifications.

Options Presented by the Petition

    NHTSA has examined the possibility of incorporating ECE R48 into 
Standard No. 108, and decided that it is unnecessarily complex and 
could be confusing. For example, a turn signal lamp is allowable under 
R48:

as meeting ECE Reg. 48.01 Addendum 47 paragraph 6, dated March 22, 
1994, and meeting the geometric visibility requirements specified 
in: * * * ECE Regulation, R-6 Revision 2, 9 Aug. 1993 Front and Rear 
Turn Signals.

 
[[Page 54834]]

    Geometric visibility requirements appear in both ECE R48 and in ECE 
R6. According to the text cited above, turn signal lamps shall meet all 
requirements of ECE R48 other than geometric visibility which would be 
those of R6. Thus, it seems unnecessary to reference ECE R48 when the 
geometric requirements appear to be those of ECE R-6. Further, there 
are numerous references beyond R48 and R-6 incorporated in those 
regulations. These are automatically updated, unlike Standard No. 108, 
where the SAE materials incorporated by reference are not automatically 
changed by updates.
    There is also the matter of terminology. SAE J222 refers to parking 
lamps also as front position lamps. Yet there are separate categories 
for these in ECE R48 (6.9 Front Position Lamp, p. 37; Parking Lamp, 
6.12, p. 41). NHTSA could not recommend incorporating ECE R48 without 
modifying some of its provisions in the text of Standard No. 108. At 
the very least, the new Table requested by the petitioner ought to 
cross reference the appropriate geometric visibility sections of that 
regulation with the lamps to which they apply.
    Further, there needs to be language that more clearly defines the 
lamp categories and the vehicles to which they apply.
    Annex 1 of R6 is far more preferable for incorporation into 
Standard No. 108. The geometric visibility provisions of R6 are not 
termed as such but appear to be the ``minimum angles required for light 
distribution in space of * * * categories of direction indicators'' in 
Annex 1 to R6. They are expressed in a series of diagrams. This is much 
clearer. Presumably, NHTSA could adopt text defining the 6 categories 
of turn signal lamps.
    By far, the more preferable amendment would be the incorporation of 
the requested new Table. However, this raises a further issue: whether 
the Table should comprise only those items or equipment currently 
subject to geometric visibility requirements, or whether all lamps and 
reflectors requested by GTB should be included?
    With respect to the option of restricted coverage, Standard No. 108 
does not prohibit a manufacturer of vehicles for sale in the United 
States from meeting European geometric visibility requirements with 
respect to any of the nine equipment items not now covered. The lack of 
geometric visibility requirements for these nine items means that 
European and Japanese manufacturers need not concern themselves with 
this aspect of performance in designing vehicles for the American 
market. On the other hand, an American manufacturer must design its 
vehicles to comply with geometric visibility requirements for these 
nine items if it wishes to sell in European markets.
    Although the silence of Standard No. 108 on geometric visibility 
requirements for the nine items in no way disadvantages foreign 
manufacturers, in many minds it may not be synonymous with 
``harmonization.'' To some members of GTB, ``harmonization'' often 
means identicality of regulations while, to NHTSA, a harmonized 
regulation is not necessarily identical but one that is broad enough to 
encompass ``windows of harmony.'' This allows a common vehicle to be 
manufactured and sold in many countries having different regulations. 
Thus, to encourage the ECE bodies to harmonize their lighting 
regulations and to forestall any questions of preemption by the 
individual States in America, NHTSA has tentatively decided that it is 
in the interest of motor vehicle safety to make the list inclusive and 
to regulate the aspect of performance of lighting equipment called 
``geometric visibility'' for the lighting equipment requested. As 
previously noted, the geometric visibility of some lighting equipment 
is already covered by Standard No. 108. NHTSA believes that a geometric 
visibility requirement for all lamps and reflectors is already either 
explicit or implicit in paragraph S5.3.1.1. Under this paragraph, each 
lamp shall be located so that it meets the visibility requirements in 
any applicable SAE Standard or Recommended Practice.
    Additionally, under this paragraph, no part of the vehicle shall 
prevent any lamp from meeting the photometric output at any test point 
specified in Standard No. 108. However, if motor vehicle equipment does 
prevent compliance with photometrics by any required lamp or reflective 
device, an auxiliary lamp or reflector shall be provided that does meet 
the photometric requirements. In NHTSA's opinion, the effect of a final 
rule will make explicit what has always been implied.
    To accomplish this, NHTSA is proposing a new paragraph S5.1.1.30, 
applicable to the vehicles covered by Tables III and IV (i.e., those 
less than 80 inches in overall width). The new paragraph would allow 
continued conformance to the existing requirements or to the 
``geometric visibility of at least 12.5 square centimeters of the 
light-emitting surface through a field of view as indicated in Table V, 
except for side marker lamps and reflex reflectors which have no area 
requirement.'' Although the petitioner did not request it, as part of 
NHTSA's good faith effort towards compatibility of standards worldwide, 
the agency is proposing that the existing requirements be phased out in 
favor of the harmonized ones after two years (comment is especially 
requested on lead time). The definition of ``Light-emitting Surface'' 
that appears in SAE Standard J387 ``Terminology, Motor Vehicle 
Lighting'' would be added and defined to mean ``that part of the 
exterior surface of the lens that encloses the light source and is 
required for conformance with photometric and colorimetric 
requirements.'' This definition is necessary because the term appears 
in the proposed requirement.
    Table V would be added to cover 15 items of lighting equipment 
(lamps and reflectors), including the rear fog lamp. While a rear fog 
lamp is not required motor vehicle equipment, if a manufacturer chooses 
to provide one, it would then be required to meet the geometric 
visibility requirements (but no other requirements would apply at the 
present time).
    The visibility requirements are expressed with relation to the 
Horizontal (H) and Vertical (V) axes of the lamp or reflector. As an 
example, the geometric visibility requirement for a front turn signal 
lamp would be minus 45 degrees to plus 45 degrees at Horizontal, and 
minus 15 degrees to plus 15 degrees at Vertical.
    NHTSA, however, is not proposing to adopt ECE's backup lamp 
geometric visibility requirements because of its possibly adverse 
effect on safety. Standard No. 108 requires that the center of the 
backup lamp lens be seen from anywhere on a vertical transverse plane 
located three feet behind the vehicle and extending to three feet on 
either side of the vehicle, starting from two feet and ending at six 
feet above the road surface. For a minivan whose backup lamps are about 
33 inches above the ground, Standard No. 108's requirement creates 
upward visibility angles greater than 45 degrees. For passenger cars 
with lower lamp heights, the angles are even larger. Allowing these 
angles to be as small as ECE's 15 degrees upward would allow a 
significant reduction in the ability of a pedestrian to see the lamp's 
signal.

Rear Side Marker Color

    In its good faith efforts towards worldwide compatibility of 
standards, NHTSA itself has tentatively decided that a further area 
where harmonization might be achieved is the color of rear side marker 
lamps and reflectors. These are not mandatory items of equipment 

[[Page 54835]]
in the ECE, unlike the United States. However, if rear side marker 
lamps and reflectors are provided, under ECE regulations, they must be 
amber with a few exceptions. In the United States, the required color 
is red, with no exceptions.
    Allowance of amber as an optional color for rear side marker 
equipment could improve harmony of requirements world wide without, in 
the opinion of the agency, derogating from safety. Therefore, the 
agency is proposing amendments to Tables I and III that would allow 
amber as an optional color for rear side marker equipment. If there are 
any safety concerns, NHTSA anticipates that commenters will bring them 
to the agency's attention.

Regulation of Fog Lamps

    Another aspect of motor vehicle lighting that might be appropriate 
for harmonization is the regulation of front and rear fog lamps. These 
are not items of motor vehicle equipment mandated by Standard No. 108. 
They are regulated by the States as each jurisdiction deems 
appropriate. NHTSA has no information as to the extent that European 
and Japanese manufacturers must modify the fog lamps and their 
installations on their vehicles in order to meet the regulations of the 
States. Should NHTSA assert its jurisdiction over that aspect of motor 
vehicle equipment performance and specify performance requirements (in 
addition to geometric visibility) for front and rear fog lamps as 
optional equipment, that would preempt State regulations and could 
afford windows of harmonization with standards of the ECE. With respect 
to this issue, NHTSA is especially desirous of receiving comments from 
European and Japanese manufacturers and State motor vehicle officials.
    The performance requirements that appear appropriate to NHTSA would 
be SAE Standard J583 JUN93 ``Front Fog Lamps'' and SAE Standard J1319 
JUN93 ``Fog Tail Lamp''.
    NHTSA is taking this action on its own initiative to demonstrate 
its good faith in exploring possible areas of harmonization of 
standards.

Proposed Effective Date

    The amendments would be effective 30 days after publication of the 
final rule in the Federal Register. At that time, manufacturers would 
have the option for the succeeding two years to conform to either the 
present or the harmonized geometric visibility requirements. After two 
years, the harmonized specifications would be the sole geometric 
visibility requirements. As noted previously, it is likely that many of 
the proposed requirements are already being met by manufacturers 
selling in world markets.
    However, when compliance with the final rule becomes mandatory, it 
will affect U.S. vehicle lines that are not sold in world markets. 
NHTSA therefore seeks comments on the appropriateness of a two-year 
leadtime for mandatory compliance with the final rule, and a discussion 
of related costs or other impacts upon the commenter.
    Finally, the proposal would reinstate the lighting item 
``Headlamps'' and headlamp mounting requirements of SAE J566 in Table 
I, which were mistakenly omitted when Table I was amended to reflect 
the addition of section S7 Headlighting requirements to the standard. 
References to S7 would also be added under the vehicle-type columns, in 
the manner set forth in Table III.

Rulemaking Analyses and Notices

    Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures. 
This rulemaking action was not reviewed under Executive Order 12866. 
Further, it has been determined that the rulemaking action is not 
significant under Department of Transportation regulatory policies and 
procedures. The purpose of the rulemaking action is to make an existing 
requirement clearer and to harmonize regulations. It is anticipated 
that the costs of the final rule would be so minimal as not to warrant 
preparation of a full regulatory evaluation. Vehicles presently selling 
in world markets are presumed to comply with the proposed rule. NHTSA 
has asked for comments on the costs and other impacts associated with a 
two-year leadtime for mandatory compliance of those vehicles not 
presently complying. This could involve relocation of certain lamps and 
reflectors and associated sheet metal changes, or redesign of lamps or 
reflectors. These could be easily accommodated within the present or 
next design cycle. If the comments received indicate that the imparts 
are more than minimal NHTSA will prepare a full regulatory evaluation 
before issuing a final rule.
    National Environmental Policy Act. NHTSA has analyzed this 
rulemaking action for the purposes of the National Environmental Policy 
Act. It is not anticipated that a final rule based on this proposal 
would have a significant effect upon the environment. The composition 
of lighting equipment would not change from those presently in 
production.
    Regulatory Flexibility Act. The agency has also considered the 
impacts of this rulemaking action in relation to the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act. For the reasons stated above and below, I certify that 
this rulemaking action would not have a significant economic impact 
upon a substantial number of small entities. Accordingly, no regulatory 
flexibility analysis has been prepared. Manufacturers of motor vehicles 
and motor vehicle equipment, those affected by the rulemaking action, 
are generally not small businesses within the meaning of the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act.
    Executive Order 12612 (Federalism). This rulemaking action has also 
been analyzed in accordance with the principles and criteria contained 
in Executive Order 12612, and NHTSA has determined that this rulemaking 
action does not have sufficient federalism implications to warrant the 
preparation of a Federalism Assessment.
    Civil Justice. A final rule based on this proposal would not have 
any retroactive effect. Under 49 U.S.C. 30103, whenever a Federal motor 
vehicle safety standard is in effect, a state may not adopt or maintain 
a safety standard applicable to the same aspect of performance which is 
not identical to the Federal standard. 49 U.S.C. 30161 sets forth a 
procedure for judicial review of final rules establishing, amending or 
revoking Federal motor vehicle safety standards. That section does not 
require submission of a petition for reconsideration or other 
administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in court.

Request for Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit comments on the proposal. 
It is requested but not required that 10 copies be submitted.
    All comments must not exceed 15 pages in length. (49 CFR 553.21). 
Necessary attachments may be appended to these submissions without 
regard to the 15-page limit. This limitation is intended to encourage 
commenters to detail their primary arguments in a concise fashion.
    If a commenter wishes to submit certain information under a claim 
of confidentiality, three copies of the complete submission, including 
purportedly confidential business information, should be submitted to 
the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the street address given above, and seven 
copies from which the purportedly confidential information has been 
deleted should be submitted to the Docket Section. A request for 
confidentiality should be accompanied by a cover letter setting forth 
the information specified in the 

[[Page 54836]]
agency's confidential business information regulation. 49 CFR Part 512.
    All comments received before the close of business on the comment 
closing date indicated above for the proposal will be considered, and 
will be available for examination in the docket at the above address 
both before and after that date. To the extent possible, comments filed 
after the closing date will also be considered. Comments received too 
late for consideration in regard to the final rule will be considered 
as suggestions for further rulemaking action. Comments on the proposal 
will be available for inspection in the docket. The NHTSA will continue 
to file relevant information as it becomes available in the docket 
after the closing date, and it is recommended that interested persons 
continue to examine the docket for new material.
    Those persons desiring to be notified upon receipt of their 
comments in the rules docket should enclose a self-addressed, stamped 
postcard in the envelope with their comments. Upon receiving the 
comments, the docket supervisor will return the postcard by mail.

List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 571

    Imports, Motor vehicle safety, Motor vehicles.

    In consideration of the foregoing, 49 CFR Part 571 would be amended 
as follows:

PART 571--FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS

    1. The authority citation for Part 571 would continue to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, 30117 and 30166; 
delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50.

    2. Section 571.108 would be amended by:
    a. adding to paragraph S4, in alphabetical order, a new definition 
``Light-emitting Surface'',
    b. adding a new paragraph S5.1.1.30,
    c. revising the heading of Table I, revising the text preceding the 
table, and adding Headlamps as the first entry,
    d. revising the text preceding the table and the entries for Reflex 
reflectors and Side marker lamps in Tables I, II, III and IV, and
    e. adding a new Table V to follow Table IV and to precede the Note 
to the standard, to read as follows:


Sec. 571.108  Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and 
associated equipment.

* * * * *
    S4  Definitions.
* * * * *
    Light-emitting Surface means all or part of the exterior surface of 
the transparent or translucent lens that encloses the lighting or 
light-signalling device and allows conformance with photometric and 
colorimetric requirements.
* * * * *
    S5.1.1.30. (a) Each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, 
truck, or bus, of less than 80 inches overall width, manufactured 
before [two years after the effective date of the final rule], when 
equipped with any item of lighting equipment listed in Table V, may 
provide geometric visibility of at least 12.5 square centimeters of the 
projected light-emitting surface perpendicular to the axis of viewing 
through a field of view as indicated in Table V, except for side marker 
and reflex reflectors which have no area requirement.
    (b) Each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or 
bus, of less than 80 inches overall width manufactured on or after [two 
years after the effective date of the final rule], when equipped with 
any item of lighting equipment listed in Table V, shall provide 
geometric visibility of at least 12.5 square centimeters of the 
projected light-emitting surface perpendicular to the axis of viewing 
through a field of view as indicated in Table V, except for side marker 
and reflex reflectors which have no area requirement.
* * * * *

                               Table I.--Required Motor Vehicle Lighting Equipment                              
  [Multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses of 80 (2032) or more inches (MM) overall width] 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                         Applicable SAE standard
                                        Multipurpose passenger                           or recommended practice
                 Item                   vehicles, trucks, and           Trailers               (See S6 for      
                                                buses                                       subreferenced SAE   
                                                                                                materials)      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Headlamps............................  See S7.................  None...................  J566, January 1960.    
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
Reflex reflectors....................  4 red; 2 amber; or 2     4 red; 2 amber; or 2     J594f, January 1977.   
                                        red; 4 amber.            red; 4 amber.                                  
Side marker lamps....................  2 red; 2 amber; or 4     2 red; 2 amber; or 4     J592e, July 1972.      
                                        amber.                   amber.                                         
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                                                                

[[Page 54837]]
                                    Table II.--Location of Required Equipment                                   
  [Multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses of 80 (2032) or more inches (MM) overall width] 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Location on--                                          
                                      --------------------------------------------------    Height above road   
                 Item                   Multipurpose passenger                            surface measured from 
                                        vehicles, trucks, and           Trailers            center of item on   
                                                buses                                     vehicle at curb weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
Reflex reflectors....................  On the rear--1 red on    On the rear--1 red on        Do.                
                                        each side of the         each side of the                               
                                        vertical centerline,     vertical centerline,                           
                                        as far apart as          as far apart as                                
                                        practicable, and at      practicable, and at                            
                                        the same height. On      the same height. On                            
                                        each side--1 red or      each side--1 red or                            
                                        amber as far to the      amber as far to the                            
                                        rear as practicable,     rear as practicable,                           
                                        and 1 amber as far to    and 1 amber as far to                          
                                        the front as             the front as                                   
                                        practicable.             practicable.                                   
Side marker lamps....................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Not less than 15       
                                                                                          inches, and on the    
                                                                                          rear of trailers not  
                                                                                          more than 60 inches.  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



                              Table III.--Required Motor Vehicle Lighting Equipment                             
 [All passenger cars and motorcycles, and multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses, and trailers, of less 
                                    than 80 (2032) inches (MM) overall width]                                   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                Applicable SAE  
                                    Passenger cars,                                               standard or   
                                     multipurpose                                                 recommended   
              Item                     passenger           Trailers           Motorcycles      practice (See S6 
                                   vehicles, trucks,                                           for subreferenced
                                       and buses                                                SAE materials)  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
Reflex reflectors...............  4 red; 2 amber; or  4 red; 2 amber; or  3 red; 2 amber; or  J594f, January    
                                   2 red; 4 amber.     2 red; 4 amber.     1 red; 4 amber.     1977.            
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
Side marker lamps...............  2 red; 2 amber; or  2 red; 2 amber; or  None..............  J592e, July 1972. 
                                   4 amber.            4 amber.                                                 
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                    Table IV.--Location of Required Equipment                                   
  [All passenger cars and motorcycles, and multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses of less 
                                    than 80 (2032) inches (MM) overall width]                                   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Location on--                                          
                                      --------------------------------------------------    Height above road   
                                           Passenger cars,                                surface measured from 
                 Item                   multipurpose passenger                              center of item on   
                                          vehicles, trucks,           Motorcycles         vehicle at curb weight
                                         trailers, and buses                                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
Reflex reflectors....................  On the rear--1 red on    On the rear--1 red on    Not less than 15       
                                        each side of the         the vertical             inches, nor more than 
                                        vertical centerline,     centerline, except       60 inches.            
                                        at the same height,      that, if two are used                          
                                        and as far apart as      on the rear, they                              
                                        practicable. On each     shall be symmetrically                         
                                        side--1 red as far to    disposed about the                             
                                        the rear as              vertical centerline.                           
                                        practicable, and 1       On each side--1 red or                         
                                        amber as far to the      amber as far to the                            
                                        front as practicable.    rear as practicable,                           
                                        On each side--1 red or   and 1 amber as far to                          
                                        amber as far to the      the front as                                   
                                        rear as practicable,     practicable.                                   
                                        and 1 amber as far to                                                   
                                        the front as                                                            
                                        practicable.                                                            
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
Side marker lamps....................  On each side--1 red or   Not required...........  Not less than 15       
                                        amber as far to the                               inches.               
                                        rear as practicable,                                                    
                                        and 1 amber as far to                                                   
                                        the front as                                                            
                                        practicable.                                                            
                                                                                                                
*                  *                  *                  *                  *                  *                
                                                        *                                                       
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                                                                

[[Page 54838]]
 Table V.--Specifications for Geometric Visibility of Installed Lighting
                                 Devices                                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Geometric visibility   
       Lighting device              Axis              requirement       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Front Turn Signal Lamp.......  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -15 deg. to +15 deg..\1\  
Rear Turn Signal Lamp........  H              -15 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -15 deg. to +15 deg..\1\  
Stop Lamp....................  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -15 deg. to +15 deg..\1\  
Front Parking Lamp...........  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -15 deg. to +15 deg..\1\  
Tail Lamp....................  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -15 deg. to +15 deg..\1\  
Rear Fog Lamp................  H              -10 deg. to +10 deg..     
                               V              -5 deg. to +5 deg..       
Rear Reflex Reflector........  H              -30 deg. to +30 deg..     
                               V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..\1\  
Front Side Reflex Reflector..  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..\1\  
Intermediate Side Reflex       H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
 Reflector.                    V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..\1\  
Rear Side Reflex Reflector...  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..\1\  
Front Side Marker Lamp.......  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..\1\  
Intermediate Side Marker Lamp  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..\1\  
Rear Side Marker Lamp........  H              -45 deg. to +45 deg..     
                               V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..     
High Mounted Stop Lamp.......  H              -10 deg. to +10 deg..     
                               V              -5 deg. to +10 deg..      
Daytime Running Lamp.........  H              -20 deg. to +20 deg..     
                               V              -10 deg. to +10 deg..     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Angle below horizontal may be reduced to 5 deg. if the lamp is less 
  than 750 mm. above the ground.                                        


* * * * *
    Issued on October 17, 1995.
Barry Felrice,
Associate Administrator for Safety Performance Standards.
[FR Doc. 95-26498 Filed 10-25-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P