[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 197 (Thursday, October 12, 1995)]
[Notices]
[Pages 53228-53239]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-25293]



-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration


Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty 
Actions; Publication

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of publication.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 53229]]


SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of 
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty 
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by 
subject matter, and case digests that contain identifying information 
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator. 
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the 
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders. Also, 
the publication of these indexes and digests should assist litigants 
and practitioners in their research and review of decisions and orders 
that may have precedential value in a particular civil penalty action. 
Publication of the index by order number, as supplemented by the index 
by subject matter, ensures that the agency is in compliance with 
statutory indexing requirements.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief Counsel of Litigation (AGC-400), 
Federal Aviation Administration, 701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 925, 
Washington, DC 20004: telephone (202) 376-6441.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires 
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection 
and copying current indexes containing identifying information 
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in 
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced 
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide 
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and 
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty 
actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G.
    The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and 
orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and 
containing identifying information about each decision or order. The 
FAA also maintains a subject-matter index, and digests organized by 
order number.
    In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA published these 
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; October 31, 
1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would publish 
supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis (i.e.) in 
January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA announced 
further in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be 
published cumulatively, and that both the order number index and the 
digests would be non-cumulative.
    Since that first index was issued on October 26, 1990 (55 FR 45984; 
October 31, 1990), the FAA has issued supplementary notices containing 
the quarterly indexes of the Administrator's civil penalty decisions as 
follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Dates of quarter              Federal Register  publication   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/1/90-12/3/90....................  56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.               
1/1/91-3/31/91.....................  56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.               
4/1/91-6/30/91.....................  56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.              
7/1/91-9/30/91.....................  56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.             
10/1/91-12/31/91...................  57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.               
1/1/92-3/31/92.....................  57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.               
4/1/92-6/30/92.....................  57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.              
7/1/92-9/30/92.....................  57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.             
10/1/92-12/31/92...................  58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.               
1/1/93-3/31/93.....................  58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.              
4/1/93-6/30/93.....................  58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.               
7/1/93-9/30/93.....................  58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.             
10/1/93-12/31/93...................  59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.                
1/1/94-3/31/94.....................  59 FR 22196; 4/29/94.              
4/1/94-6/30/94.....................  59 FR 39618; 8/3/94.               
7/1/94-12/31/94*...................  60 FR 4454; 1/23/95.               
1/1/95-3/31/95.....................  60 FR 19318; 4/17/95.              
4/1/95-6/30/95.....................  60 FR 36854; 7/18/95.              
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Due to administrative oversight, the index for the third quarter of    
  1994, including information pertaining to the decisions and orders    
  issued by the Administrator between July 1 and September 30, 1994, was
  not published on time. The information regarding the third quarter's  
  decisions and orders, as well as the fourth quarter's decisions and   
  orders in 1994, were included in the index published on January 23,   
  1995.                                                                 

    In the notice published on January 19, 1993, the Administrator 
announced that for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the 
order number index published at the end of the year would reflect all 
of the civil penalty decisions for that year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93. The 
order number indexes for the first, second, and third quarters would be 
non-cumulative.
    The Administrator's final decision and orders, indexes, and digests 
are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA legal 
offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at the end 
of this notice.)
    Also, the Administrator's decisions and orders have been published 
by commercial publishers and are available on computer databases. 
(Information about these commercial publications and computer databases 
is provided at the end of this notice.)

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator Order Number 
Index

    (This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the 
Administrator from July 1, 1995, to September 30, 1995.)
95-15--Alphin Aviation
    7/19/95--CP93EA0324
95-16--John Mulhall
    8/4/95--CP94NM0026
95-17--Larry's Flying Service
    8/4/95--CP93AL0267, CP93AL0268
95-18--Pacific Sky Supply
    8/4/95--CP93NM0398; 93EAJANM0014
95-19--Ben Rayner
    8/4/95--CP95EA0155
95-20--USAir, Inc.
    8/15/95--CP94EA0126
95-21--Ezequiel G. Faisca
    9/26/95--CP94EA0209

Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Subject Matter Index

(Current as of September 30, 1995)

Administrative Law Judges--Power and                                                                            
 Authority:                                                                                                     
    Continuance of hearing...................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.                      
    Credibility findings.....................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-4   
                                                Northwest Aircraft Rental.                                      
    Default Judgment.........................  91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez; 94-22    
                                                Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond.                           
    Discovery................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-7 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines;
                                                92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.                           
    Expert Testimony.........................  94-21 Sweeney.                                                   
    Granting extensions of time..............  90-27 Gabbert.                                                   
    Hearing location.........................  92-50 Cullop.                                                    
    Hearing request..........................  93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 95-19   
                                                Rayner.                                                         
    Initial Decision.........................  92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.                                   
    Jurisdiction.............................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.     
        After order assessing civil penalty..  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                                     

[[Page 53230]]
                                                                                                                
        After complaint withdrawn............  94-39 Kirola.                                                    
    Motion for Decision......................  92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 Merkley.  
    Notice of Hearing........................  92-31 Eaddy.                                                     
    Sanction.................................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22 Harkins;  
                                                94-28 Toyota.                                                   
    Vacating initial decision................  90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.                   
Agency Attorney..............................  93-13 Medel.                                                     
Air Carrier:                                                                                                    
    Agent/independent contractor of..........  92-70 USAir.                                                     
    Careless or Reckless.....................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.                     
        Employee.............................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                          
Aircraft Maintenance.........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 
                                                93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon.            
    After certificate revocation.............  92-73 Wyatt.                                                     
    Minimum Equipment List (MEL).............  94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon.                                      
Aircraft Records:                                                                                               
    Aircraft Operation.......................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                                
    Maintenance Records......................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.                
    ``Yellow tags''..........................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                                
Aircraft-Weight and Balance (See Weight and                                                                     
 Balance)                                                                                                       
Airmen:                                                                                                         
    Pilots...................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson &    
                                                Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.                                           
    Altitude deviation.......................  92-49 Richardson & Shimp.                                        
    Careless or Reckless.....................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson &    
                                                Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-29 Sweeney.            
    Flight time limitations..................  93-11 Merkley.                                                   
    Follow ATC Instruction...................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson &    
                                                Shimp.                                                          
    Low Flight...............................  92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.                                   
    See and Avoid............................  93-29 Sweeney.                                                   
Air Operations Area (AOA)                                                                                       
    Air Carrier: Responsibilities............  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1 Delta Air
                                                Lines.                                                          
    Airport Operator: Responsibilities.......  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18       
                                                [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport    
                                                Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].                            
    Badge Display............................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.                  
    Definition of............................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58       
                                                [Airport Operator].                                             
    Exclusive Areas..........................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58       
                                                [Airport Operator].                                             
Airport Security Program (ASP)                                                                                  
    Compliance with..........................  91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
                                                Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.      
Airports:                                                                                                       
    Airport Operator: Responsibilities.......  90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18       
                                                [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport    
                                                Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].                            
Air Traffic Control (ATC):                                                                                      
    Error as mitigating factor...............  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.                                     
    Error as exonerating factor..............  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.                        
    Ground Control...........................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.                     
    Local Control............................  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                             
    Tapes & Transcripts......................  91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.                   
Airworthiness................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 &
                                                92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11 Horizon.                     
Amicus Curiae Briefs.........................  90-25 Gabbert.                                                   
Answer:                                                                                                         
    Timeliness of answer.....................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75  
                                                Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5 Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30   
                                                Columna; 94-43 Perez; 95-10 Diamond.                            
    What constitutes.........................  92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck                                       
Appeals (See also Timeliness; Mailing Rule)                                                                     
    Briefs, Generally........................  89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39    
                                                Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl; 94-23 Perez; 95- 
                                                13 Kilrain.                                                     
    Additional Appeal Brief..................  92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28 Strohl; 95-4 
                                                Northwest Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton.              
    Appellate arguments......................  92-70 USAir.                                                     
Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal                                                                        
 Courts)                                                                                                        
``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed Brief or Notice  90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-24 Esau;  
 of Appeal.                                     91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 
                                                92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57   
                                                Detroit Metro Wayne Co. Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93- 
                                                27 Simmons; 93-31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse.          
Appeal dismissed as premature................  95-19 Rayner.                                                    
Appeal dismissed as moot after complaint       92-9 Griffin.                                                    
 withdrawn.                                                                                                     
Motion to Vacate construed as a brief........  91-11 Continental Airlines.                                      
Perfecting an Appeal.........................  92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23 Perez; 95-13  
                                                Kilrain.                                                        
    Extension of Time for (good cause for)...  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-32 Bargen; 
                                                91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-
                                                32 Nunez.                                                       

[[Page 53231]]
                                                                                                                
    Failure to...............................  89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-35
                                                P Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-
                                                43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91-47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15   
                                                Dillman; 92-18 Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation;  
                                                92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean
                                                Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78 TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-
                                                8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 92-31 Allen; 93-34 Castle         
                                                Aviation; 93-35 Steel City Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24     
                                                Page; 94-26 French Aircraft; 94-34 American International       
                                                Airways; 94-35 American International Airways; 94-36 American   
                                                International Airways; 95-4 Hanson.                             
    What Constitutes.........................  90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 Giuffrida;
                                                92-39 Beck; 92-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23 Perez; 94-30        
                                                Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse.                                        
    Service of brief Failure to serve other    92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.                                 
     party.                                                                                                     
Timeliness of Notice of Appeal...............  90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69 McCabe;  
                                                93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-15 Alphin       
                                                Aviation.                                                       
Withdrawal of................................  89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5 Sussman; 90-
                                                6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-9 Van Zandt; 90-13   
                                                O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 90-29 Sealander; 90-30       
                                                Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter      
                                                Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer;  
                                                91-14 Swanton; 91-15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21     
                                                Britt Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental      
                                                Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28           
                                                Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35 M.       
                                                Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America West; 91-42   
                                                Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan; 91-57 Britt Airways; 
                                                91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines;
                                                92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12 Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21      
                                                Cronberg; 92-22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air   
                                                Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 92-43     
                                                Delta; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92-54 & 92-55 Northwest       
                                                Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61 Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63   
                                                Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates 
                                                & Moore; 92-79 Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 
                                                93-14 Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22         
                                                Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 94-9 B & G
                                                Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan American Airways; 94-13     
                                                Boyle; 94-14 B & G Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-33 Trans World   
                                                Airlines; 94-41 Dewey Towner; 94-42 Taylor; 95-1 Diamond        
                                                Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air Lines; 95-5 Araya; 95-6 Sutton; 95-7   
                                                Empire Airlines; 95-20 USAir; 95-21 Faisca.                     
``Attempt''..................................  89-5 Schultz.                                                    
Attorney Conduct Obstreperous or Disruptive..  94-39 Kirola.                                                    
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)                                                                                        
Aviation Safety Reporting System.............  90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.       
Balloon (Hot Air)............................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                                  
Bankruptcy...................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                                       
Certificates and Authorizations Surrender      92-73 Wyatt.                                                     
 when revoked.                                                                                                  
Civil Air Security National Airport            91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
 Inspection Program (CASNAIP).                  Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].  
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)                                                                             
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument)                                                                      
Collateral Estoppel..........................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                                
Complaint:                                                                                                      
    Complainant Bound By.....................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.                                        
    No Timely Answer to. (See Answer)                                                                           
    Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction..........  94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.                    
    Timeliness of complaint..................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.             
    Withdrawal of............................  94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.                                       
Compliance & Enforcement Program                                                                                
    (FAA Order No. 2150.3A)..................  89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 Delta Air 
                                                Lines.                                                          
    Sanction Guidance Table..................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest         
                                                Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines.                     
Concealment of Weapons.......................  89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.               
Consolidation of Cases.......................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                       
Continuance of Hearing.......................  90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.                                   
Corrective Action (See Sanction)                                                                                
Credibility of Witnesses:                                                                                       
    Deference to ALJ.........................  90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf.                         
    Expert witnesses                                                                                            
    (see also Witnesses).....................  90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf.                                    
    Impeachment..............................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                                  
De facto answer..............................  92-32 Barnhill.                                                  
Deliberative Process Privilege...............  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental         
                                                Airlines.                                                       
Deterrence...................................  89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-17       
                                                Larry's Flying Service.                                         
Discovery                                                                                                       
    Deliberative Process                                                                                        
        Privilege............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental         
                                                Airlines.                                                       
    Depositions..............................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                           
        Notice of............................  91-54 Alaska Airlines.                                           
    Failure to Produce.......................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 93-10    
                                                Costello.                                                       

[[Page 53232]]
                                                                                                                
    Of Investigative File in Unrelated Case..  92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                                            
    Sanctions for............................  91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.                       
Double Jeopardy..............................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
Due Process:                                                                                                    
    Before finding a violation...............  90-27 Gabbert.                                                   
    Violation of.............................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-37        
                                                Northwest Airlines.                                             
EAJA:                                                                                                           
    Adversary Adjudication...................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-12       
                                                Toyota.                                                         
    Appeal from ALJ decision.................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                                  
    Further proceedings......................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                              
    Jurisdiction over appeal.................  92-74 Wendt.                                                     
    Other expenses...........................  93-29 Sweeney.                                                   
    Prevailing party.........................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                              
    Special Circumstances....................  95-18 Pacific Sky.                                               
    Substantial justification................  91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky.       
Ex Parte Communications......................  93-10 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-19 Rayner.                     
Expert Witnesses (see Witness)                                                                                  
Extension of Time:                                                                                              
    By Agreement of Parties..................  89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.          
    Dismissal by Decisionmaker...............  89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.                                        
    Good Cause for...........................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.                                    
    Objection to.............................  89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.                        
    Who may grant............................  90-27 Gabbert.                                                   
Federal Courts...............................  92-7 West.                                                       
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.............  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                              
Federal Rules of Evidence Settlement Offers..  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
Final Oral Argument..........................  92-3 Park.                                                       
Firearms (See Weapons)                                                                                          
Ferry Flights................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
Flight & Duty Time:                                                                                             
    Circumstances beyond control of the crew.  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
        Foreseeability.......................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
        Late freight.........................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
        Weather..............................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
    Limitation of Duty Time..................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
    Limitation of Flight Time................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
        ``Other commercial flying''..........  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
Flights......................................  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                                      
Freedom of Information Act...................  93-10 Costello.                                                  
Guns (See Weapons)                                                                                              
Hazardous Materials Transp. Act..............  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77 TCI; 94- 
                                                19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-12 Toyota; 95-
                                                16 Mulhall.                                                     
    Ability to Pay...........................  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
        Installment payments.................  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
    Civil Penalty............................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.          
        Financial hardship and inability to    95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
         pay.                                                                                                   
        Minimum penalty......................  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
    Corrective Action........................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.                                         
    Criminal Penalty.........................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.                                       
    Culpability..............................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                         
    EAJA, Applicability of...................  94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.                                         
    First-time violation.....................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                         
    Gravity of violation.....................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                         
    Individual violations....................  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
    Knowingly................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.                   
Informal Conference..........................  94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.                                  
Initial Decision:                                                                                               
    What constitutes.........................  92-32 Barnhill.                                                  
Interference with crewmembers................  92-3 Park.                                                       
Interlocutory Appeal.........................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-
                                                32 Detroit Metropolitan.                                        
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures..........  89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-73 Wyatt. 
Jurisdiction:                                                                                                   
    After initial decision...................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl.      
    After Order Assessing Civil Penalty......  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                                     
    After withdrawal of complaint............  94-39.                                                           
    $50,000 Limit............................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                                      
    EAJA cases...............................  92-74 Wendt.                                                     
    HazMat cases.............................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                          
    NTSB.....................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                                   
Knowledge (See also Weapons Violations) Of     89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                                  
 concealed weapon.                                                                                              
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay) Mailing Rule.  89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39    
                                                Hart.                                                           
    Overnight express delivery...............  89-6 American Airlines.                                          
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance)                                                                          
Maintenance Instruction......................  93-36 Valley Air.                                                

[[Page 53233]]
                                                                                                                
Maintenance Manual...........................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                                   
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft                                                                      
 Maintenance)                                                                                                   
Mootness:                                                                                                       
    Appeal dismissed as moot.................  92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.                                         
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program    90-16 Rocky Mountain.                                            
 (NASIP).                                                                                                       
National Transportation Safety Board           91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18 Westair     
 Administrator not bound by NTSB case law.      Commuter.                                                       
    Lack of Jurisdiction.....................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74 Wendt.        
Notice of Hearing:                                                                                              
    Receipt..................................  92-31 Eaddy.                                                     
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:                                                                               
    Initiates Action.........................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                                       
    SIgnature of agency attorney.............  93-12 Langton.                                                   
    Withdrawal of............................  90-17 Wilson.                                                    
Operate......................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.             
Oral Argument:                                                                                                  
    Decision to hold.........................  92-16 Wendt.                                                     
Instructions for.............................  92-27 Wendt.                                                     
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:                                                                                  
    Appeal from..............................  92-1 Costello; 95-19 Rayner.                                     
    Timeliness of request for hearing........  95-19 Rayner.                                                    
    Withdrawal of............................  89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 95-19 Rayner.      
Parts Manufacturer Approval Failure to obtain  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                                        
Passenger Misconduct.........................  92-3 Park.                                                       
    Smoking..................................  92-37 Giuffrida                                                  
Penalty (see Sanction)                                                                                          
Person.......................................  93-18 Westair Commuter                                           
Proof & Evidence:                                                                                               
    Affirmative Defense......................  92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.                          
    Burden of Proof..........................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92-13 Delta   
                                                Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.                      
    Circumstantial Evidence..................  90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29 Sweeney.         
    Credibility (See Administrative Law                                                                         
     Judges; Credibility of Witnesses)                                                                          
    Criminal standard rejected...............  91-12 Terry & Menne.                                             
    Closing Arguments........................  94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                                      
    Hearsay..................................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                                 
    Preponderance of evidence................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-12 
                                                & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida;                         
    Presumption that message on ATC tape is    91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.                   
     received as transmitted.                                                                                   
    Presumption that a gun is deadly or        90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.                                   
     dangerous.                                                                                                 
    Settlement offer.........................  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
    Substantial evidence.....................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                                 
Pro Se Parties:                                                                                                 
    Special Considerations...................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz.                        
Prosecutorial Discretion.....................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38 Continental         
                                                Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 
                                                Wyatt; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                            
Reconsideration:                                                                                                
    Denied by ALJ............................  89-4 & 90-3 Metz.                                                
    Granted by AL............................  92-32 Barnhill.                                                  
    Stay of Order Pending....................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.                       
Remand.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24 Bayer; 91-51 
                                                Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1 Costello; 92-76 Safety     
                                                Equipment; 94-37 Houston.                                       
Repair Station...............................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-2      
                                                Woodhouse.                                                      
Request for Hearing..........................  94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.                                     
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G)                                                                   
    Applicability of.........................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation.   
    Challenges to............................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37  
                                                Northwest Airlines.                                             
    Effect of Changes in.....................  90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.          
    Initiation of Action.....................  91-9 Continental Airlines.                                       
Runway incursions............................  92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter                              
Sanction:                                                                                                       
    Ability to Pay...........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10 Flight   
                                                Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-38       
                                                Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 93-10 Costello;  
                                                94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95- 
                                                16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                       
Agency Policy:                                                                                                  
    ALJ Bound by.............................  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                  
    Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A,    90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37     
     Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda         Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.                       
     pertaining to.                                                                                             
Corrective Action............................  91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41        
                                                [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18 Westair         
                                                Commuter, 94-28 Toyota.                                         

[[Page 53234]]
                                                                                                                
Discovery (See Discovery)                                                                                       
Factors to consider..........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-3      
                                                Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
                                                [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-       
                                                Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28 Toyota; 95-11 Horizon.            
First-Time Offenders.........................  89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.               
HazMat (See Hazardous Materials Transp. Act)                                                                    
Inexperience.................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                          
Installment Payments.........................  95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                     
Maintenance..................................  95-11 Horizon.                                                   
Maximum......................................  90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.                                        
Minimum (HazMat).............................  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
Modified.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38 Esau; 92-10   
                                                Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-32 Barnhill.        
Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanction   94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.                    
 (also see Complaint.                                                                                           
Pilot Deviation..............................  92-8 Watkins.                                                    
Test object detection........................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                              
Unauthorized access..........................  90-19 Continential Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-1 Delta
                                                Air Lines.                                                      
Weapons violations...........................  90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Easu; 92-32         
                                                Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5 Grant.      
Screening of Persons:                                                                                           
    Air Carrier-failure to detect weapon       94-44 American Airlines.                                         
     Sanction.                                                                                                  
    Entering Sterlie Areas...................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.                                        
Separation of Fucntions......................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19    
                                                Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carrol; 90-38 Continental Airlines; 
                                                93-13 Medel.                                                    
Service (See also Mailing Rule)                                                                                 
    Of NPCP..................................  90-22 USAir.                                                     
    Of FNPCP.................................  93-13 Medel.                                                     
    Valid Service............................  92-18 Bargen.                                                    
Settlement...................................  91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall.                            
Smoking......................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                                
Standard Security Program (SSP) Compliance     90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines;
 with.                                          91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines.       
Stay of Orders...............................  90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.                       
    Pending judicial review..................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                          
Strict Liability.............................  89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40     
                                                [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].                   
Test Object Detection........................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13    
                                                Delta Air Lines.                                                
    Proof of violation.......................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta Air Lines. 
    Sanction.................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                              
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Mailing Rule;                                                                   
 and Appeals)                                                                                                   
    Of response to NPCP......................  90-22 USAir.                                                     
    Of complaint.............................  91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.                         
    Of NPCP..................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                                     
    Of request for hearing...................  93-12 Langton; 95-19 Rayner.                                     
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.                                        
 Approval).                                                                                                     
Unauthorized Access:                                                                                            
    To Aircraft..............................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.        
    To Air Operations Area (AOA).............  90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40        
                                                [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air    
                                                Lines.                                                          
Unreasonable Delay In Initiating Action......  90-21 Carroll.                                                   
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of...  92-40 Wendt.                                                     
Weapons Violations...........................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 
                                                Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38  
                                                Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 
                                                Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American        
                                                Airlines.                                                       
Concealment (See Concealment)                                                                                   
Deadly or Dangerous..........................  90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.               
First-time Offenders.........................  89-5 Schultz.                                                    
Intent to commit violation...................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-
                                                3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.                                          
Knowledge of Weapon Concealment (See also      89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.                                  
 Knowledge).                                                                                                    
Sanction (See ``Sanction'')                                                                                     
Weight and Balance...........................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                                        
Witnesses:                                                                                                      
    Absence of, Failure to subpoena..........  92-3 Park.                                                       
    Expert testimony (see also Credibility)..                                                                   
        Evaluation of........................  93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney.                   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                REGULATIONS [Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted]                              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 (maintenance)............................  94-38 Bohan.                                                     
1.1 (operate)................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.             

[[Page 53235]]
                                                                                                                
1.1 (person).................................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                          
13.16........................................  90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90- 
                                                38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-51 
                                                Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28
                                                Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling; 95-19      
                                                Rayner.                                                         
13.201.......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                                      
13.202.......................................  90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.                  
13.203.......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38 Continental     
                                                Airlines.                                                       
13.204.......................................  .................................................................
13.205.......................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92- 
                                                32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 94-39 Kirola; 95-16    
                                                Mulhall.                                                        
13.206.......................................  .................................................................
13.207.......................................  94-39 Kirola.                                                    
13.208.......................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety          
                                                Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth.              
13.209.......................................  90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-32        
                                                Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-
                                                8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22 Harkins; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna;
                                                95-10 Diamond.                                                  
13.210.......................................  92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-7 Dunn; 93-
                                                28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna.                           
13.211.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11           
                                                Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 Costello; 
                                                92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-57 Detroit Metro.
                                                Wayne County Airport; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 
                                                Wendt; 94-5 Grant; 94-18 Luxenburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota. 
13.212.......................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental Airlines.        
13.213.......................................  .................................................................
13.214.......................................  91-3 Lewis.                                                      
13.215.......................................  93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.                                      
13.216.......................................  .................................................................
13.217.......................................  91-17 KDS Aviation.                                              
13.218.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39     
                                                Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 94-6 
                                                Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 95-18 Rayner.              
13.219.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-54 Alaska  
                                                Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metro. Wayne Airport.   
13.220.......................................  89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts Agricultural   
                                                Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-46      
                                                Sutton-Sautter.                                                 
13.221.......................................  92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.                       
13.222.......................................  92-72 Giuffrida.                                                 
13.223.......................................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida.                    
13.224.......................................  90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72 Giuffrida; 94-18   
                                                Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota.                                        
13.225.......................................  .................................................................
13.226.......................................  .................................................................
13.227.......................................  90-21 Carroll.                                                   
13.228.......................................  92-3 Park.                                                       
13.229.......................................  .................................................................
13.230.......................................  92-19 Cornwall.                                                  
13.231.......................................  92-3 Park.                                                       
13.232.......................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18 Bargen; 92- 
                                                32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-12 Toyota; 95-16    
                                                Mulhall.                                                        
13.233.......................................  89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner; 89-8       
                                                Thunderbird Accessories, 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird           
                                                Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25
                                                & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-
                                                39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-
                                                8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11 Continental  
                                                Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-31  
                                                Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-
                                                46 Delta; 91-47 Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53   
                                                Koller; 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15
                                                Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-27 Wendt;
                                                92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36   
                                                Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56
                                                Montauk Caribbean Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co.       
                                                Airport; 92-67 USAir; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74      
                                                Wendt; 92-78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn; 
                                                93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-27        
                                                Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-9 B & G     
                                                Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-15 Columna; 94-18 
                                                Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French Aircraft; 94-28
                                                Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain             
13.234.......................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90-38         
                                                Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95-12 Toyota.    
13.235.......................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-15 
                                                Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.                               
Part 14......................................  92-74 & 93-2 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.                    
14.01........................................  91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.                                      
14.04........................................  91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello.               

[[Page 53236]]
                                                                                                                
14.05........................................  90-17 Wilson.                                                    
14.20........................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                              
14.22........................................  93-29 Sweeney.                                                   
14.26........................................  91-52 KDS Aviation.                                              
14.28........................................  95-9 Woodhouse.                                                  
21.303.......................................  93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.              
25.855.......................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                                 
39.3.........................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.          
43.3.........................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                                     
43.9.........................................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                                
43.13........................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan.     
43.15........................................  90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2    
                                                Woodhouse.                                                      
65.15........................................  92-73 Watt.                                                      
65.92........................................  92-73 Watt.                                                      
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90)...................  92-3 Park.                                                       
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90)...................  90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40  
                                                Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-
                                                70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-
                                                29 Sweeney; 94-29 Sutton.                                       
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90)...................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4   
                                                Northwest Aircraft Rental.                                      
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90).................  91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.                                    
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90).................  91.29 Sweeney.                                                   
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90).................  91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-49    
                                                Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.                                 
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90).................  90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.                    
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90).................  91.12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.                       
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)................  91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.                                
91.703.......................................  94-29 Sutton.                                                    
107.1........................................  90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4 [Airport      
                                                Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].                            
107.13.......................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91- 
                                                18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport 
                                                Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].                            
107.20.......................................  90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.                                        
107.21.......................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 
                                                & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39 Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10      
                                                Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32         
                                                Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick;  
                                                92-59 Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling.                
107.25.......................................  94-30 Columna.                                                   
108.5........................................  90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-33     
                                                Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55 Continental       
                                                Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-44 American Airlines.
108.7........................................  90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.                              
108.11.......................................  90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;  
                                                94-44 American Airlines.                                        
108.13.......................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.    
121.133......................................  90-18 Continental Airlines.                                      
121.153......................................  92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon.                              
121.317......................................  92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.                                
121.318......................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                                 
121.367......................................  90-12 Continental Airlines.                                      
121.571......................................  92-37 Giuffrida.                                                 
121.628......................................  95-11 Horizon.                                                   
135.1........................................  95-8 Charter Airlines.                                           
135.5........................................  94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.                     
135.25.......................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air.                         
135.63.......................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.          
135.87.......................................  90-21 Carroll.                                                   
135.95.......................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                                    
135.185......................................  94-40 Polynesian Airways.                                        
135.263......................................  95-9 Charter Airlines.                                           
135.267......................................  95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.             
135.293......................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                                    
135.343......................................  95-17 Larry's Flying Service.                                    
135.413......................................  94-3 Valley Air.                                                 
135.421......................................  93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air.                               
135.437......................................  94-3 Valley Air.                                                 
145.53.......................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                                   
145.57.......................................  94-2 Woodhouse.                                                  
145.61.......................................  90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.                                   
191..........................................  90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.    
298.1........................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited.                                          
302.8........................................  90-22 USAir.                                                     
49 CFR:                                                                                                         
    1.47.....................................  92-76 Safety Equipment.                                          
    171 et seq...............................  95-10 Diamond.                                                   
    171.2....................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.          

[[Page 53237]]
                                                                                                                
    171.8....................................  92-77 TCI.                                                       
    172.101..................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                         
    172.200..................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.                          
    172.202..................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.          
    172.203..................................  94-28 Toyota.                                                    
    172.204..................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.          
    172.300..................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.                                   
    172.301..................................  94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.                                   
    172.304..................................  92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.                        
    172.400..................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.          
    172.402..................................  94-28 Toyota.                                                    
    172.406..................................  92-77 TCI.                                                       
    173.1....................................  92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.          
    173.3....................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                                    
    173.6....................................  94-28 Toyota.                                                    
    173.22(a)................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                                    
    173.24...................................  94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.                                     
    173.25...................................  94-28 Toyota.                                                    
    173.27...................................  92-77 TCI.                                                       
    173.115..................................  92-77 TCI.                                                       
    173.240..................................  92-77 TCI.                                                       
    173.243..................................  94-28 Toyota.                                                    
    173.260..................................  94-28 Toyota.                                                    
    173.266..................................  94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.                                    
    175.25...................................  94-31 Smalling.                                                  
    821.30...................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                                     
    821.33...................................  90-21 Carroll.                                                   
STATUTES                                                                                                        
5 U.S.C.:                                                                                                       
    504......................................  90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 & 93-9     
                                                Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI.                                
    552......................................  90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10 Costello.       
    554......................................  90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12 Toyota.         
    556......................................  90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.                            
    557......................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-28 
                                                Toyota.                                                         
    705......................................  95-14 Charter Airlines.                                          
11 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    362......................................  91-2 Continental Airlines.                                       
28 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    2412.....................................  93-10 Costello.                                                  
    2462.....................................  90-21 Carroll.                                                   
49 U.S.C.:                                                                                                      
    5123.....................................  95-16 Mulhall.                                                   
49 U.S.C. App.:                                                                                                 
    1301(31) (operate).......................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                          
        (32) (person)........................  93-18 Westair Commuter.                                          
    1356.....................................  90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.                        
    1357.....................................  90-18, 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport         
                                                Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].                            
    1421.....................................  92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt.    
    1429.....................................  92-73 Wyatt.                                                     
    1471.....................................  89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 
                                                Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90- 
                                                33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental 
                                                Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-
                                                5 Delta Air Lines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;
                                                92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-20       
                                                Conquest Helicopters; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.                 
    1475.....................................  90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-19 & 91-1
                                                Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 94- 
                                                40 Polynesian Airways.                                          
    1486.....................................  90-21 Carroll.                                                   
    1809.....................................  92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95- 
                                                12 Toyota.                                                      
                                                                                                                



Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator

Digests

(Current as of September 30, 1995)
    The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are 
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the 
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final 
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from July 1, 1995, to 
September 30, 1995. The FAA will publish noncumulative supplements to 
this compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g., April, July, October, and 
January of each year).
    These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be 
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as 
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other 
interested persons should always consult the full text of the 
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

In the Matter of Alphin Aviation Inc.

Order No. 95-15 (7/19/95)
    Appeal Dismissed. Respondent failed to file a timely notice of 
appeal. The appeal is dismissed.

[[Page 53238]]


In the Matter of John Mulhall

Order No. 95-16 (8/4/95)
    Settlement Offer. Prior to the hearing, Mr. Mulhall sent a letter 
to the law judge, setting out a settlement offer made by the agency 
attorney. Complainant argued on appeal that it was error for the law 
judge to admit this letter into evidence at the hearing. Technically, 
the law judge should not have admitted the evidence of the settlement 
offer. By apprising the law judge of the terms of the settlement offer, 
Mr. Mulhall circumvented Rule 408 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, 
which prohibits the introduction of settlement offers for the purpose 
of proving liability and amount of damages. But this was an ex parte 
communication. It was not improper for the law judge to include the 
letter in the record because by admitting the letter, he made a record 
of the information to which he had had access. Also, while the judge's 
order and the settlement offer have some similarities, these 
similarities are not so strong as to prove that the law judge was 
unduly influenced by the disclosure of the terms of the settlement 
offer.
    Civil Penalty Payable in Installments. It was held that law judges 
may prescribe payment plans, but for policy reasons, the law judges 
should use this authority on only rare occasions, such as in this case 
in which the respondent is an individual with severely limited 
financial means. In such cases, the deterrent value of the penalty will 
not be overly diluted by an installment payment plan. When an 
installment plan is appropriate, the law judge should consult with the 
agency attorney to work out a payment schedule that will not be unduly 
burdensome for Complainant to administer.
    The law judge's order is modified to correct an apparent oversight. 
The $750 civil penalty shall be paid in 30 monthly installments of 
$25.00 each.
    Minimum Penalty under the Federal Hazardous Materials 
Transportation Law. In reconciling 49 U.S.C. 5123 (a) and (c), it is 
held that the only sensible way to interpret these sections, without 
rendering any of the language superfluous, meaningless or inconsistent, 
is to read them to say that in cases of inability to pay a fine of $250 
multiplied by the number of violations, a penalty of less than that 
amount may be assessed.

In the Matter of Larry's Flying Service

Order No. 95-17 (8/4/95)
    The law judge reduced the combined $35,000 civil penalty to $15,000 
payable in 15 installments of $1,000 each due to Larry's Flying 
Service's financial hardship. Complainant did not appeal from the 
reduction of the civil penalty, but instead contested on appeal the law 
judge's authority to assess a civil penalty payable in installments. 
Referring to In the Matter of Mulhall, FAA Order No. 95-16 (8/4/95), 
the Administrator held that law judges may prescribe payment plans, but 
for policy reasons, the law judges should use this authority on only 
rare occasions, such as in cases in which the respondent has severely 
limited financial means. The law judge should consult the agency 
attorney to determine whether a payment schedule under consideration 
would be unduly burdensome for the agency to administer.

In the Matter of Pacific Sky Supply, Inc.

Order No. 95-18 (8/4/95)
    Award of Attorney Fees Reversed. The law judge's award of 
$87,724.19 in attorney fees and costs to Pacific Sky is reversed 
because the FAA's position was substantially justified and because 
special circumstances make an award of fees unjust.
    Reasonable Basis in Law. The standard advanced by the FAA--i.e., 
that a violation had been proven if it was reasonably likely that some 
of the parts would be installed on type-certificated products--was a 
reasonable standard, and the Administrator's ultimate determination 
that the slightly more rigorous ``substantially certain'' standard 
should be applied does not alter this.
    This case involved an unsettled, complex issue. It was a case of 
first impression, and a very close case. In such cases, courts have 
held there was a reasonable basis in law. The FAA did not depart from 
its reasonable overall objectives in advancing the ``reasonably 
likely'' standard, particularly in light of the increasing concern on 
the part of the American people about the proliferation of unapproved 
aircraft parts.
    Reasonable Basis in Fact. Although the law judge believed there was 
not enough in the official record to support the FAA's position, that 
is because he too narrowly defined the record. The law judge erred in 
refusing to consider exhibits that the FAA filed with him pursuant to 
his own pre-hearing order.
    Contrary to the law judge's holding, there was enough evidence in 
the record to support FAA's theory of the case--that Pacific Sky 
produced the parts at issue when it did not hold a Parts Manufacturer 
Approval and that Pacific Sky sold parts indiscriminately in a market 
where it was reasonably likely that at least some of them would be 
installed in civil aircraft.
    Because there was a reasonable basis in law and in fact for the 
FAA's position, it was substantially justified.
    Special Circumstances. The special circumstances exception is a 
``safety valve'' to insure that the government is not deterred from 
``advancing in good faith the novel but credible extensions and 
interpretations of law that often underlie vigorous enforcement 
efforts.'' Probably no case fits the special circumstances exception 
better than this one. The government's enforcement role requires it to 
take a broad view of what it may prosecute because judicial review 
stands guard against an error in that direction, while an error in the 
opposite direction is unlikely ever to be corrected.

In the Matter of Ben Rayner

Order No. 95-19 (8/4/95)
    Appeal from Order Assessing Civil Penalty Dismissed. The 
Administrator construed Mr. Rayner's Motion to Set Aside Order 
Assessing Civil Penalty as a request for hearing. The Administrator 
further construed the Agency's Motion to Dismiss as a motion to dismiss 
a late-filed request for hearing. The motion to dismiss should be 
decided by the law judge to be assigned to this case. Mr. Rayner's 
appeal to the Administrator is dismissed as premature.

In the Matter of USAir, Inc.

Order No. 95-20 (8/20/95)
    Appeal Dismissed. Complainant has withdrawn its notice of appeal. 
Therefore, Complainant's appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of Ezequiel G. Faisca

Order No. 95-21 (9/26/95)
    Appeal Dismissed. Complainant has withdrawn its notice of appeal. 
Therefore, Complainant's appeal is dismissed.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty 
Decisions and Orders

    In June 1991, as a public service, the FAA began releasing to 
commercial publishers the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil 
penalty cases. The goal was to make these decisions and orders more 
accessible to the public. The Administrator's decisions and orders in 
civil penalty cases are now available in the following commercial 
publications:

AvLex, published by Aviation Daily, 1156 15th Street, NW, Washington, 
DC 20005, (202) 822-4669;

[[Page 53239]]

Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing 
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (410) 798-1677;
Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, 50 Broad Street 
East, Rochester, NY 14694, (716) 546-1490.

    The decisions and orders may be obtained on disk from Aviation 
Records, Inc., P.O. Box 172, Battle Ground, WA 98604, (206) 896-0376. 
Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main Street, Gruver, TX 
79040 (806) 733-2483, is placing the decisions on CD-ROM. Finally, the 
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are 
available on Compuserve and FedWorld.
    The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial 
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and 
accurate manner. No decision has been made yet on this matter, and for 
the time being, the FAA will continue to prepare and publish the 
subject-matter index and digests.

FAA Offices

    The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are 
available for public inspection and copying at the following location 
in FAA headquarters:

FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence 
Avenue, SW., Room 924A, Washington, DC 20591; (202) 267-3641.

    These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center 
legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd., 
Oklahoma City, OK 73125; (405) 954-3296
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7), 
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513; 
(907) 271-5269
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7), 
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building, 
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7), 
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Federal 
Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-3285
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), 2300 East Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708) 
294-7108
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park, 
Room 401, Burlington, MA 01803-5299; (617) 238-7050
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region 
(ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW, 
Renton, WA 98055-4056; (206) 227-2007
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7), 
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA 
30337; (404) 305-5200
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7), 
Southwest Region Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 
76137-4298; (817) 222-5087
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7), 
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City 
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region 
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard, 
Lawndale, CA 90261; (310) 726-7100

    Issued in Washington, DC on October 4, 1995.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 95-25293 Filed 10-11-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M