[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 110 (Thursday, June 8, 1995)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 30217-30258]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-13541]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 455
[FRL-5214-7]
RIN 2040-AC21
Pesticide Chemicals Category, Formulating, Packaging and
Repackaging Effluent Limitations Guidelines, Pretreatment Standards,
and New Source Performance Standards; Supplemental Notice
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
ACTION: Supplemental notice to proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: EPA is publishing this Supplemental Notice to obtain public
comment on two topics for which comments were received on the proposed
rulemaking (59 FR 17850, April 14, 1994) for the Pesticides
Formulating, Packaging and Repackaging (PFPR) Industry. EPA seeks
comment on the scope and applicability of the rulemaking as they
pertain to commenters' requests for the exemption of certain pesticide
active ingredients (PAIs) and certain wastewater discharges from the
rulemaking.
In addition, EPA is soliciting comment on a regulatory option under
consideration by the Agency that is comprised of two alternatives
between which industry may choose: (1) Achieving zero discharge or (2)
incorporating specific pollution prevention (or best management)
practices and treatment technologies and achieving an allowable
discharge of small quantities of pollutants.
EPA's addition of the pollution prevention alternative to achieving
zero discharge provides benefits to the environment by reducing the
cross-media impacts that would otherwise occur from hauling and
incinerating the non-reusable portion of PFPR wastewaters. The
provision of an alternative compliance method also provides flexibility
to industry in meeting the effluent limitations guidelines and
standards. Reducing the scope of the rule will reduce regulatory burden
without compromising environmental protection. This notice also
solicits comment on various means of implementing a pollution
prevention alternative to zero discharge.
EPA has estimated the compliance costs and economic impacts
expected to result from a rule comprised of a zero discharge and a
pollution prevention alternative (referred to as the Zero/P2 Option) as
specified in this notice. The Agency has determined that the Zero/P2
Option will result in a similar removal of toxic pound equivalents per
year [[Page 30218]] (approximately 30 million toxic pound equivalents)
as the proposed zero discharge option alone. At the same time, the
Zero/P2 Option is expected to result in a reduced annualized cost
($32.7 million in $1988 or $39.4 million in $1995) and fewer facility
closures (no facility closures) and line closures (162) than would
result from the zero discharge option in the proposed rule. EPA has
determined that the Zero/P2 Option is economically achievable.
DATES: Comments on the proposed rule must be received in writing by
July 10, 1995 at the following address.
ADDRESSES: Send comments in writing to Ms. Shari H. Zuskin, Engineering
& Analysis Division (4303), U.S. EPA, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC
20460.
The complete record for this rulemaking is available for review at
EPA's Water Docket; 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460. For access
to Docket materials, call (202) 260-3027 between 9 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.
for an appointment. The EPA public information regulation (40 CFR part
2) provides that a reasonable fee may be charged for copying.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For additional technical information
write or call Ms. Zuskin at (202) 260-7130. For additional information
on the economic impact analyses contact Dr. Lynne G. Tudor at the above
address or by calling (202) 260-5834.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
II. Changes to Scope
A. Sanitizers
B. Pool Chemicals
C. Other Pesticide Active Ingredients
1. Microorganisms
2. Mixtures
3. PAIs That Have Been Determined Not To Pass Through
D. Wastewater Sources
E. Clarification of Definitions
III. Pollution Prevention Alternative
A. Authority
B. Background
C. Structure of the Alternative
1. Alternative to Zero
2. Definition of Pollution Prevention Allowable Discharge
3. Description of Specified Practices
4. Implementation of the Pollution Prevention Alternative
IV. Costing Methodology
V. Estimated Costs, Economic Impacts, and Cost-Effectiveness
VI. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
VII. Solicitation of Comment
Appendix A--PAIs Considered for Exemption
Appendix B--Sample Regulatory Text Considered for the Final Rule
Appendix C--List of PAI Specific Treatment Technologies
Appendix D--List of Acronyms
I. Background
In a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on April 14, 1994 (59 FR 17850),
EPA proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
control of wastewater pollutants from the Pesticide Formulating,
Packaging and Repackaging (PFPR) industry. This proposed rulemaking
would have established a zero discharge limitation of wastewater
pollutants for almost all of the formulating, packaging and repackaging
of FIFRA registered pesticide active ingredients. Only a small number
of PAIs were not completely covered by the proposed zero discharge.
As result of disproportionate economic impacts, EPA proposed a
partial exemption for the exterior wastewaters 1 from small
sanitizer facilities. Small sanitizer facilities were defined as those
facilities which formulate, package or repackage 265,000 lbs/yr or less
of all FIFRA registered products containing one or more sanitizer
active ingredients (listed in Table 8 of the regulation) and no other
active ingredients at a single pesticide producing establishment (i.e.,
a single PFPR facility). The production cutoff of 265,000 lbs/yr
represents the production level (of these sanitizer products) at the
largest facility that would experience economic impacts if there was no
exemption of wastewater treatment requirements for non-interior
wastewater sources. (See Section II.A. of this notice for a description
of revisions made to this exemption).
\1\ At the time of proposal, exterior wastewaters included:
exterior equipment cleaning water, floor wash, leak and spill
cleanup water, safety equipment cleaning water, DOT aerosol test
bath water, air pollution control scrubber water, laboratory rinsate
and contaminated precipitation runoff.
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EPA based the zero discharge limitation on pollution prevention,
recycle/reuse and, when necessary, treatment through the Universal
Treatment System (UTS) for reuse. EPA visualized the UTS as a flexible
system consisting of a variety of treatment technologies that have been
determined to be effective for treating PFPR wastewaters. In
calculating compliance costs, EPA included costs for treatment
technologies such as emulsion breaking, hydrolysis, chemical oxidation,
metals precipitation and carbon adsorption. EPA also included costs for
contract hauling treatment residuals (sludges) from the UTS for
incineration. Because of the estimates of reduced wastewater volumes
based on the increase in reuse/recycle practices, the overall volume of
wastewaters being contract hauled off-site for incineration was not
expected to increase. Thus, EPA did not include additional costs for
contract hauling of PFPR wastewaters in the original proposal. Based on
comments, revised costs for the proposed zero discharge option have
been included in this notice.
The public comment on the proposed rule was originally 60 days and
was extended for 30 additional days. EPA received 93 individual comment
letters, including those requesting an extension of the comment period.
The subject of the comments spanned a variety of topics, including
changes to scope of the regulation, EPA's pesticide cross-contamination
policy and its effect on the industry's ability to meet zero discharge,
increased cross-media impacts due to contract hauling of wastewater for
incineration to meet zero discharge, and requests for a discharge
allowance when following specific pollution prevention practices.
II. Changes to Scope
A large portion of the comment letters addressed issues concerning
the scope and applicability of the proposed regulation. Many commenters
requested that the partial exemption of the listed sanitizer active
ingredients be expanded to be a total exemption from the regulation for
all antimicrobial active ingredients. Others requested that the
exemption for sodium hypochlorite (bleach) be extended to other ``pool
chemicals.'' Commenters also requested that EPA exempt from the
regulation certain low risk PAIs, such as cloves and citronella;
specific wastewater sources such as aerosol leak test water, safety
equipment cleaning water, laboratory equipment rinse water and storm
water; and experimental/ research facilities. In response to the
information and data supplied by commenters, EPA is considering whether
to revise some aspects of the scope of the proposed PFPR effluent
guidelines. EPA is using today's notice to solicit comment on these
issues.
If the Agency determines to exclude any of the pollutants discussed
in this section of the notice from the scope of the rule, PFPR
facilities that discharge such pollutants directly into navigable
waters (i.e., direct discharge PFPR/Manufacturers) will still need to
comply with the general NPDES permitting requirements, including the
possible establishment by the permitting authority of case-by-case
effluent limitations based upon Best Professional Judgement (BPJ) under
CWA section 402(a)(1)(B). (See 40 CFR 125.3). In addition, those PFPR
facilities that indirectly discharge such excluded PAI pollutants to
navigable waters through a [[Page 30219]] POTW would remain subject to
the Pass Through and Interference prohibitions contained in the general
pretreatment regulations (40 CFR 403.5(a)(1)). PFPR facilities that are
indirect dischargers of the excluded PAIs could also be subject to
local limits established by the POTW receiving the facility's
wastewater (40 CFR 403.5(d)).
A. Sanitizers
A large number of the comments received by EPA were requests for an
exemption for antimicrobial products from the scope of the regulation.
Although EPA did propose to partially exempt a list of sanitizer active
ingredients due to economic reasons (i.e., disproportionate economic
impacts), commenters requested expansion of this list. In today's
notice EPA is soliciting comment on the exemption of indoor/home use
and similar institutional sanitizer products from the regulation in
addition to those sanitizer active ingredients initially listed in
Table 8 of the proposed regulation (See Appendix A to this notice). The
exemption would apply to both interior and exterior wastewater sources
and would no longer be limited by a maximum production level because it
is no longer solely based on disproportionate impacts (see discussion
on production cutoff in Section I). However, EPA is not planning to
exempt sporicidals or industrial preservatives. EPA has also included,
in Appendix A, a list of those PAIs that are considered, under FIFRA,
to be inert ingredients when used with antimicrobial active
ingredients.
In addition to economic impacts, EPA believes that there are a
number of other factors to be considered in broadening the scope of the
proposed sanitizer exemption. First, these indoor home use sanitizer
products are formulated for the purposes of their labeled use to ``go
down the drain'' (i.e., toilet bowl cleaners and tub and tile
cleaners). All labels for registered products, including the use and
disposal statements, are reviewed by EPA. Second, these same chemicals
go to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), possibly in higher
concentrations and volumes, from their approved labeled use in homes
than from equipment cleaning at PFPR facilities. Third, EPA has not
been able to identify any reported upsets to POTWs caused by these
sanitizer active ingredients. EPA did receive biodegradation data for
some of these sanitizer active ingredients which supports a hypothesis
that these PAIs also do not pass through POTWs. Finally, these
sanitizer active ingredients represent a large portion of the low
toxicity PAIs considered for regulation at the time of proposal.
For the purpose of exempting indoor/home use (and similar
institutional) sanitizers, EPA would make use of the following
definition in the final regulation:
Sanitizer Products means pesticide products that (1) contain the
sanitizer active ingredients listed in Table 8 of the regulation and
no other active ingredient; or (2) pesticide products that are
intended to disinfect or sanitize, reducing or mitigating growth or
development of microbiological organisms including bacteria, fungi
or viruses on surfaces or inanimate objects in the household and or
institutional environment, as provided in the directions for use on
the product label. The only institutional antimicrobial products
which are included by this definition are those with formulations
similar to the household sanitizer products.
For the purposes of identifying the PAIs which EPA is considering
exempting from the scope of this rule and in order to estimate
compliance costs to the industry for this notice, EPA was able to use
the 1988-1991 FATES (FIFRA and TSCA Enforcement System) database which
was previously used in developing costs for the proposal. In addition
to the database, EPA used the definition shown above to construct the
expanded list of sanitizer active ingredients that would receive an
exemption from the final regulation. The expanded list of exempted
sanitizer active ingredients used to develop revised compliance costs
is contained in Appendix A, Table 1 of this notice. The discussion of
estimating the revised compliance costs is contained in Section IV of
this notice. EPA solicits comment on both the definition and its use,
and whether to use the definition in conjunction with a list or to use
a list only.
B. Pool Chemicals
In the proposed regulation EPA exempted sodium hypochlorite
(bleach) from the pretreatment standards. EPA solicited comment on
additional chemicals that should also be excluded along with sodium
hypochlorite. Commenters suggested that several other chemicals, that
are mainly used in the swimming pool industry, including calcium
hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, chlorinated
isocyanurate compounds and several halogenated hydantoins should be
included in this exemption.
EPA did not include these ``pool chemicals'' in the exemption, at
the time of proposal, because EPA believed that the formulating,
packaging and repackaging of these chemicals did not involve the use of
water (e.g., dry production). After review of the comments and a site
visit to a ``pool chemicals'' facility, EPA understands that although
the products are dry, the addition of water is necessary in certain
instances.
Throughout the course of normal dry operations, small amounts of
product fall on the floor or accumulate on equipment surfaces and
become contaminated with ordinary dust and dirt. These chemicals act as
strong oxidizing agents and left untreated, the sweepings pose a
serious fire and safety hazard. Facilities treat (de-activate) these
chemicals with the addition of water and neutralizing chemicals such as
sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. With this treatment, the
available chlorine in the water is converted to a pH neutral salt which
can be discharged to the POTW.
Commenters also provided additional reasons for the sodium
hypochlorite exemption, stating that the chemical does not survive in
the sanitary waste stream and would be converted to sodium chloride
long before it reaches the POTW. Commenters supplied data on the
degradation of sodium hypochlorite in water. This data is available for
review in the public record for this notice. In addition, EPA notes
that calcium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite and lithium
hypochlorite exhibit similar chemistry and half-lives as sodium
hypochlorite. EPA also received comment requesting the extension of the
exemption to sodium carbonate, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
Phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid fall under the original sanitizer
exemption and sodium carbonate is considered an inert ingredient when
used in formulations with other sanitizer chemicals; therefore, EPA
does not believe it is necessary to list these chemicals under the pool
chemicals exemption. EPA is considering whether to exempt the chemicals
on Table 2 in Appendix A from these categorical pretreatment standards
(PSES and PSNS) in the final regulation. In addition, EPA is
considering using a definition for pool chemicals in conjunction with
the list in Appendix A. This would provide more flexibility to newly
registered chemicals that are deserving of the pool chemicals exemption
to receive it in the future. EPA solicits comment on a definition for
this group of chemicals.
C. Other PAIs
Based on comments received, EPA performed a more extensive
investigation to develop options for appropriate treatment technologies
for certain PAIs. Upon completing this [[Page 30220]] more recent
evaluation, EPA was left with two groups of PAIs for which insufficient
information was available to identify best available control
technologies. The two groups are identified as microorganisms and
mixtures and are discussed below. In addition, comments were received
requesting the exemption of specific low risk pesticides that fall into
the ``mixtures'' grouping.
1. Microorganisms
EPA is considering whether to exclude microorganisms that are
registered for pesticidal use, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, from
these regulations. Although, EPA has little information on the
formulation, packaging and repackaging of such pesticides or the
generation and characteristics of wastewaters from such operations, EPA
believes these ``pesticides'' are not formulated in a similar fashion
as other PAIs covered by the proposed rule. Microorganisms which have
registered pesticidal uses are generally created through a fermentation
process, similar to those found in some food processing plants.
Fermentation is a biological process, where as other pesticides are
manufactured and formulated through chemical and physical processes.
In addition, almost all the microorganisms registered as pesticide
products are exempt from the requirement of obtaining a (residue)
tolerance for pesticide chemicals in or on raw agricultural commodities
(40 CFR 180.1001). Under Part 180 Subpart D - Exemptions From
Tolerance- it states that ``an exemption from a tolerance shall be
granted when it appears that the total quantity of the pesticide
chemical in or on all raw agricultural commodities for which it is
useful under conditions of use currently prevailing or proposed will
involve no hazard to the public health.'' Also, some of these
microorganisms will not survive in aquatic environments, and therefore,
pose no harm to aquatic life. These microorganisms are listed in
Appendix A of this notice. EPA solicits comment on the exemption of
these pesticides from the PFPR regulation.
2. Mixtures
EPA had difficulty in finding information on appropriate treatment
technology options for a second group of PAIs, which will be referred
to as ``mixtures.'' This group of mixtures represents those PAIs that
are made up of a number of substances. The molecular weights,
solubilities and aromaticity of these pesticides are not easily defined
because they are comprised of a variety of compounds. For example, oil
of eucalyptus contains cineole, alpha-pinene, phellandrene, terpineol,
citronellal, geranyl acetate, eudesmol, eudesmil acetate, piperitone
and volatile aldehydes.
This group of mixtures can be separated into two subgroups. The
first subgroup of mixtures was the subject of several comments
requesting exemption for these PAIs from the proposed rule. This first
subgroup contains active ingredients that are plants, extracts from
plants, non-toxic household items, foods or constituents of foods. In
addition, many of these pesticides have been determined to be Generally
Regarded As Safe (GRAS) under Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
regulation (20 CFR 170.1). Examples of these pesticides include: oil of
anise, rosemary herbs, thyme herbs, cloves, oil of citronella, lanolin,
cottonseed oil, soybean oil, oil of lemongrass, cedarwood oil, soap and
sawdust. EPA is considering whether to exclude this subgroup of
mixtures from the PFPR effluent guidelines regulation. The list of
these mixtures can be found in Appendix A of this notice. EPA solicits
comment on the exclusion of these pesticides and requests information
on additional pesticides which should be included in this group of
mixtures.
The other subgroup of mixtures is not as easily defined. This
subgroup also contains mixtures of a number of substances of varying
nature whose identifying characteristics are not easily identified. EPA
has not been able to identify treatability data for these pesticides in
the available literature. Many of these mixtures, such as kerosene,
petroleum distillate oils, xylene range aromatic solvent and heavy
aromatic naphtha, are typically found in the organic chemicals industry
or are used as inert ingredients in the PFPR industry; however, in some
instances they have been registered for pesticidal uses. EPA does not
believe there is sufficient data to exclude these PAIs from this
regulation; therefore, EPA is considering whether to reserve regulation
of these types of pesticides and evaluate them at a later time.
Specific identification of this subgroup of mixtures is contained in
Appendix A of this notice.
3. PAIs That Have Been Determined Not to Pass Through
As discussed in the preamble to the proposed regulation, under the
pesticide manufacturing effluent limitations guidelines and
pretreatment standards, EPA found that four organic chemicals
considered to be priority pollutants did not pass through POTWs (59 FR
17872). The four chemicals are phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-
dichlorophenol and 2,4-dimethylphenol (58 FR 50649; September 28,
1993). In addition to being a priority pollutant, phenol is considered
a PAI under the proposed PFPR effluent guidelines.
EPA did not propose to exempt these four chemicals from the PFPR
effluent limitations and categorical pretreatment standards. EPA
proposed to establish a categorical pretreatment standard of zero
discharge. EPA based this zero discharge standard upon the technology
of recycling, reuse, treatment, and/or off-site disposal, which would
be most likely shown by ``no flow'' of a PFPR facility's entire process
wastewater stream. EPA found that PFPR facilities do not typically
isolate their process wastewater streams; therefore the four ``no pass
through'' pollutants would not be discharged in a separate wastewater
stream. The zero discharge standard (premised upon a no flow
technology) applied equally to all PAIs and priority pollutants,
resulting in the removal of pass through pollutants and the incidental
removal of those four pollutants that do not pass through. Thus, the
Agency determined that it was unnecessary to exempt any PAI or priority
pollutant from the pretreatment standards on the basis that it does not
pass through a POTW. (59 FR 17872).
However, EPA is considering whether to add a pollution prevention
alternative (see Section III) to the regulation which would provide for
an allowable level of discharge where facilities are performing
specified pollution prevention practices. With this proposed
alternative, EPA believes it would be appropriate to exclude phenol, 2-
chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dimethylphenol from regulation
in these categorical pretreatment standards (PSES and PSNS) for this
alternative because they have been found not to pass through and
facilities would no longer have to achieve no flow of process
wastewater. EPA solicits comments on this determination.
D. Wastewater Sources
Commenters requested exemption of Department of Transportation
(DOT) aerosol leak test water, safety equipment cleaning water,
laboratory rinsates and storm water from the definition of process
wastewater. After reviewing the information and data supplied by
commenters and performing additional data gathering, EPA believes that,
in certain situations, these wastewaters should be exempted from the
rule.
DOT aerosol leak test baths are used by PFPR facilities that
package their [[Page 30221]] products into aerosol cans. The leak test
is performed as a requirement prior to transporting the cans. Test
baths must be kept at 130 deg.F, cans must be fully submerged, and the
baths must be visually monitored for leaking or bursting cans.
EPA believes that unless there are leaking or bursting cans, the
water in the bath should not contain pollutants from the formulations.
When facilities are not using continuous overflow baths, they will
change the water periodically. This is usually due to the build up of
small amounts of oil and grease from the exterior surface of the cans
themselves (or the silk screened labels). EPA is considering whether to
exclude discharges from DOT test bath water from the rule when a
facility operates a batch bath where no leaks have been detected or
where cans have not burst from the time of the last water change out.
EPA solicits comment on this exclusion (See Section III for a
discussion on non-excluded DOT test bath water and the pollution
prevention alternative.)
EPA has also reexamined the inclusion of discharges from safety
equipment cleaning water in the rule. Commenters requested the
exemption of safety equipment cleaning water from the zero discharge
requirement on the basis that it contains only small amounts of
pollutants. Commenters also stated that a zero discharge limitation on
discharges from safety equipment cleaning waters would create a
disincentive for testing safety showers and eye washes and would create
worker safety problems. Safety showers and eye washes are typically
tested by running water through the equipment long enough to ensure
that water is flowing freely to the unit and that associated alarms are
functioning. EPA proposed exempting wastewater discharges from the
operation of employee showers, laundry facilities and the fire
protection equipment test water for similar reasons, including worker
safety issues. In addition, the water from testing this safety
equipment should not contain any pesticide active ingredients or other
pollutants of concern. Therefore, EPA is considering whether to exclude
discharges from the testing of safety showers and eye washes from
coverage under the final rule. However, other wastewater associated
with cleaning safety equipment, such as rinsing respirators or boots,
would still be covered by the rule and the pollution prevention
alternative (see Section III) as it would be expected to contain some
level of pollutants. EPA solicits comment on this exclusion.
Laboratory equipment rinse water is another wastewater source which
commenters considered to contain low levels of PAIs. Typically, a
finished product is analyzed prior to packaging as part of the
facility's quality control program. A small sample, referred to as the
retain sample, is taken into the laboratory for testing.
EPA believes that the only measurable amounts of PAI would come
from the retain sample itself and the container that is used to bring
it into the laboratory. Facilities can usually reuse the retain sample
back into a future formulation of the same product. Wastewaters
originating from water that is used to rinse other laboratory
glassware, such as graduated cylinders, beakers and pipets should
contain non-detectible levels of pesticide active ingredients. In
addition, while performing analytical testing other chemicals may be
used to perform extractions and render the glassware rinsates non-
reusable. Therefore, EPA is considering whether to exclude wastewater
discharges from cleaning analytical equipment in on-site laboratories
from these regulations. However, EPA would not be excluding wastewater
from the retain sample itself or the water used to clean the container
that is used to bring the sample into the laboratory. EPA solicits
comment on this exclusion.
In the proposed regulation, EPA included contaminated precipitation
runoff (storm water) that collects in tank farms, secondary containment
structures or on loading pads. Commenters requested the exclusion of
storm water from the zero discharge regulation because it was not
reusable and because storm water is covered by the Storm Water
Regulations (57 FR 41297; September 9, 1992).
In the proposed regulation, EPA suggested the use of the Universal
Treatment System (UTS) for achieving zero discharge for wastewaters
that could not be reused directly into product. EPA suggested that, for
example, floor wash could be treated through the UTS and reused as
floor wash. Commenters disagreed with this suggestion in terms of storm
water, stating that storm water cannot not be reused for its original
purpose following treatment.
In addition, comments were received on the redundancy of the
proposed effluent guidelines regulations with the storm water
regulations (57 FR 41297). In response to comment, EPA has reviewed the
recent storm water regulations and has made a determination that except
for the repackaging establishments, storm water at PFPR facilities is
already covered by the individual or general NPDES permits issued to
cover storm water from industrial activity. For general permits and
most individual permits, the storm water regulations require a very
detailed pollution prevention plan which must contain a list of site
specific best management practices, plans for employee training, and
schedules for inspections. EPA believes that the pollution prevention
plan required by the storm water regulations mandates practices similar
to those outlined in the pollution prevention alternative (see Section
III.B.3.). To avoid duplicative regulatory coverage, EPA is considering
whether to exempt storm water discharges from the PFPR rule for the
Subcategory C facilities (which does not include repackaging
establishments). (See Section II.E for a discussion on the change from
``refilling establishments'' to ``repackaging establishments.'')
The coverage of storm water at repackaging establishments is not as
clearly defined. The primary SIC code describing repackaging
establishments is SIC 5191 and is not specifically included as one of
the SIC codes covered under the definition of industrial activity (55
FR 47990) in the storm water regulations (although storm water in
storage areas including tank farms is included). EPA believes a gap may
be created if storm water from repackaging establishments is not
covered in the PFPR effluent guidelines or the storm water regulations.
EPA also believes that storm water collected from secondary containment
at repackaging establishments where refilling of agricultural
pesticides into minibulk containers is conducted, is not different than
the type of storm water collected from tank farms at PFPR facilities.
EPA solicits comment on the inclusion of the requirements for general
storm water permits (i.e., storm water pollution prevention plan) into
the PFPR guidelines for Subcategory E facilities (repackaging
establishments) or into the storm water regulations under a separate
rulemaking.
In addition, EPA believes that the possible contamination of storm
water at repackaging establishments can be reduced through use of good
housekeeping practices, closed loop refilling systems and small
enclosures or roofs around pumps and valves. EPA solicits comment on
these or other best management practices associated with repackaging
establishments that could be employed to reduce the level of wastewater
pollutants found in storm water at these facilities. EPA also requests
comment from repackaging establishments that are not able to reuse
[[Page 30222]] storm water or rinsates as make up water for use in
applications, if it is in accordance with the product label.
E. Clarification of Definitions
Commenters requested clarification on several issues and
definitions in the proposed regulations. Commenters requested specific
definitions for formulating, packaging and repackaging, as well as,
clarification between pesticide formulating and pesticide manufacturing
when they occur at the same facility. Clarification was also requested
for the determination that on-site incineration meets the requirements
of zero discharge for this regulation. The definition of repackaging
establishments, particularly in reference to ``retail sales,'' also
prompted comment.
EPA considers the formulation of pesticide products to mean the
process of mixing, blending or diluting one or more PAIs with one or
more active or inert ingredients, without a chemical reaction that
changes one active ingredient into another active ingredient, to obtain
a manufacturing use product or an end use product. EPA considers the
packaging of pesticide products to mean enclosing or placing a
formulated pesticide product into a marketable container. EPA considers
the repackaging of pesticide products to mean the direct transfer of a
single PAI or single formulation from any marketable container to
another marketable container, without intentionally mixing in any
inerts, diluents, solvents, other ingredients or other materials of any
sort.
Pesticide manufacturers may sometimes add a solvent to a
manufactured PAI or intermediate for the purpose of stabilizing
transport or at the request of the formulator who is receiving the PAI
as a raw material. EPA would like to clarify that manufacturers can
perform such operations without being subject to the PFPR effluent
guidelines. Typically, such operations are performed without placing
the pesticide in a marketable container (i.e., they are shipped in bulk
via tank truck, rail car or tote tank). However, PFPR facilities should
not conclude that they can receive PAIs (that they do not manufacture),
even in bulk quantities, and dilute it with solvent or other carrier
without being subject to the PFPR effluent guidelines, as this would be
considered formulating.
Although EPA proposed zero discharge limitations with pollution
prevention, recycle/reuse and treatment for reuse as the basis for the
zero discharge limitation, facilities may meet the requirement of zero
discharge to water through a number of other options. Most of these
options include hauling wastewater to off-site destinations. These
destinations include incinerators, deep wells and commercial waste
treaters and, in some cases, wastes are returned to the registrant or
manufacturer. EPA received comment requesting clarification of on-site
incineration as a means of achieving zero discharge. For purposes of
this regulation only, EPA considers on-site incineration a valid option
for achieving zero discharge of PFPR process wastewater. Wet scrubbing
devices used for air pollution control on these on-site incinerators
are not subject to the PFPR effluent guidelines. The only existing on-
site incinerators at facilities covered by the PFPR regulation are at
facilities which also manufacture pesticide active ingredients.
Scrubber wastewater discharges from these incineration activities are
currently regulated under the pesticide manufacturing effluent
guidelines (58 FR 50638, September 28, 1993) for the PAIs manufactured
at these facilities.
Based on comments received, EPA intends to clarify how the PFPR
effluent guidelines would apply to refilling establishments. EPA
proposed that the PFPR limitations and standards (proposed Section
455.60) would apply to refilling establishments that repackage
agricultural pesticides whose primary business is retail sales (59 FR
17904). This is the same scope used in the proposed Standards for
Pesticide Containers and Containment regulations (59 FR 6712, February
11, 1994). EPA chose to specify a subset of the universe of refilling
establishments within the proposed containment rule to require
secondary containment only at agricultural pesticide refilling
facilities where there was documented evidence of environmental
contamination from leaks and spills. Specifically, EPA believed that it
did not have sufficient information regarding the practices and
environmental problems at formulators and manufacturers where pesticide
refilling may occur to prescribe containment requirements (59 FR 6754).
EPA received comments from State of Minnesota officials on the
proposed PFPR effluent guidelines stating that there are refilling
establishments whose business is primarily wholesale sales located in
their state that repackage agricultural chemicals into refillable
containers.
The EPA believes that in an attempt to be consistent with the
language in the proposed containment regulations, it may have misstated
the intended scope of the PFPR effluent guidelines. EPA believes that
the types of refilling establishments used as the basis for
extrapolating data to all refilling establishments in the PFPR industry
included facilities whose primary business is wholesale and/or retail
sales and did not include pesticide formulators or manufacturers or
repackagers of non-agricultural pesticides.
EPA intends to clarify the scope of Subpart E of the proposed PFPR
effluent guidelines, Sec. 455.60. However, this change in the
definition, may cause the regulated community confusion, as there would
be two definitions of the term ``refilling establishment.'' Therefore,
EPA is considering keeping the term refilling establishment for the
Container regulations and using the term repackaging establishments for
the final PFPR effluent guidelines. In this situation Sec. 455.60 would
read ``a repackaging establishment is an establishment where the
activity of repackaging agricultural pesticide product into refillable
containers occurs, whose primary business is wholesale or retail sales,
and where no pesticide manufacturing, formulating, or packaging
occurs''. EPA solicits comment on this clarification.
III. Pollution Prevention Alternative
This section discusses the background on the pollution prevention
alternative incorporated in the Zero/P2 Option, including the comments
received which led to today's supplemental notice and solicitation for
comments. The structure of the alternative and the pollution prevention
(P2) practices are described. The notice solicits comment on the degree
to which these practices should be specified in the regulatory text
(i.e., specified vs. guidance). The wastewater treatment cost savings
and pollutant loading reductions that are associated with the P2
practices are briefly discussed. In addition, several options for
implementation of the P2 alternative on which EPA seeks comment are
described including self-certification, submittal of a plan to
permitting authorities, and greater flexibility for the permitting
authorities to use best professional judgement (BPJ).
In response to the zero discharge proposal, a variety of commenters
stated that PFPR facilities should be given the opportunity to conduct
various pollution prevention practices and thereby limit the level of
PAIs which would be discharged into navigable waters. Commenters cited
to a list of such practices that the Agency had already developed in
its Development Document for the proposed rule. These same commenters
argued that the zero discharge limitations and standards
[[Page 30223]] were inappropriate given the non-water quality
environmental impacts that would arguably result from the increased
amount of incineration of process wastewater that would need to occur.
Commenters also raised concerns about the costs of the proposed zero
discharge standard.
Given these set of comments concerning costs and non-water quality
impacts, EPA believes that it is appropriate to consider a pollution
prevention (P2) alternative to the proposed zero discharge limitations
and standards. As described in more detail below, PFPR facilities would
generally have a choice of either meeting the relevant zero discharge
standard or limitation or choosing to conduct the listed P2 practices
as set forth in Tables B-1 and B-2 of this supplemental notice. Two
variations in the structure of the P2 alternative are discussed below,
they vary in the practices that would be specified in the regulatory
text of the final regulation (see Section III.C.3).
For either variation of the pollution prevention alternative chosen
for final promulgation, those PFPR facilities which choose to conduct
the P2 practices would need to also agree to make the P2 alternative
enforceable, e.g., direct dischargers would need to agree to have the
P2 practices included in their NPDES permits and indirect dischargers
would need to file notices of intent to use the P2 practices with the
POTW. (See Part III.C.4 for discussion and solicitation of comment on
several approaches that EPA anticipates could be utilized to implement
the P2 alternative.)
If a PFPR facility chooses to adopt the P2 alternative by
conducting the P2 practices, agreeing to its enforceability, complying
with specified record keeping requirements, and, in certain instances,
treating the process wastewater, the facility would be permitted to
discharge those levels of PAIs and priority pollutants which remain in
the process wastewater stream. The Agency believes that the level of
PAIs and priority pollutants remaining in the process wastewater should
be considerably reduced and, in most cases, should pose no
environmental harm.
Direct dischargers of the covered PAIs which choose to adopt the P2
alternative in lieu of meeting the zero discharge limitations may be
subject to the establishment by the permitting authority of more
stringent effluent limitations based on applicable water quality
standards. See 40 CFR 122.44. In addition, those PFPR facilities that
are indirect dischargers which adopt the P2 alternative would remain
subject to the Pass Through and Interference prohibitions contained in
the general pretreatment regulations. 40 CFR 403.5(a)(1). Indirect
dischargers which choose to be subject to the P2 alternative could also
be subject to local limits established by the pretreatment authority
receiving the facility's wastewater. 40 CFR 403.5(d).
A. Authority
EPA believes that promulgation of this pollution prevention
alternative is authorized under the Clean Water Act (CWA) for a number
of reasons. In promulgating Best Available Technology Economically
Achievable (BAT) effluent limitations, EPA is authorized to consider a
number of factors, including, among other things, non-water quality
environmental impacts (including energy requirements) (CWA section
303(b)(2)(B)). In addition, in establishing BAT limitations, EPA is to
identify the degree of effluent reduction attainable, e.g., the level
of pollutant removal attained through implementation of the effluent
limitation (CWA section 304(b)(2)(A)). While not required under the
CWA, EPA also evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the BAT effluent
limitations.
Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) under CWA
section 307(b) are designed to prevent the discharge of pollutants that
pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with the
operation of POTWs. The CWA authorizes EPA to establish pretreatment
standards for pollutants that pass-through POTWs or interfere with
treatment processes or sludge disposal methods at POTWs. The
legislative history of the 1977 Act indicates that pretreatment
standards are to be technology-based and analogous to the BAT effluent
limitations for removal of toxic pollutants. Thus, in proposing the
zero discharge PSES limitation, EPA analyzed the same factors which
were assessed for the proposed BAT zero limitation standard.
For example, in proposing the original BAT and PSES effluent
limitations and the standards for new sources for PFPR facilities, EPA
determined that zero discharge represents the best available and that
zero discharge was economically achievable for the PFPR industry (59 FR
17891 and 17898). EPA also estimated the pounds of pollutants removed
under a zero discharge limitation and determined that such a limitation
option was cost-effective by estimating the cost per toxic pound
equivalent removed from PFPR process wastewaters (59 FR 17894-99). EPA
also evaluated the non-water quality environmental impacts by assessing
the effects a zero discharge limitation and standard would have on air
pollution, solid waste generation, and energy requirements (59 FR
17900). Based upon those evaluations and analyses of the other factors
to be considered in promulgating the BAT and PSES effluent limitations,
the Agency found zero discharge to be an appropriate limitation for
pollutants in wastewater from PFPR facilities.
However, in response to the proposed rule, a number of commenters
argued that EPA had underestimated the non-water quality environmental
impacts of a zero discharge limitation. In particular, commenters
stated that air pollution would increase because of the increased use
of incineration as an option for disposal of process wastewater. In
addition, commenters argued that energy requirements resulting from BAT
and PSES zero discharge limitations would be greater than those
estimated by EPA because of the increased consumption of fuel for use
in transporting wastewater to incineration facilities or deep well
injection sites and the increased fuel needed for burning these dilute
wastewaters in an incinerator.
In response to these comments, EPA re-evaluated its position on the
degree to which the non-water quality environmental impacts effect this
regulation and now recognizes that under a zero discharge BAT or PSES
limitation for this industry, significantly increased amounts of
process wastewater that cannot be recycled, reused, or treated may be
transported to incinerators for disposal (resulting in an increase in
air emissions) and that increased amounts of energy may have to be used
for such transport and for incineration of these dilute wastewaters.
Neither this revised assessment of non-water environmental quality
impacts or the revised economic assessment (see Section V) alter EPA's
determination that a zero discharge limitation is an appropriate BAT
and PSES limitation for pollutants in PFPR process wastewater. However,
in response to concerns raised by commenters about the costs and non-
water quality environmental impacts of the zero discharge option, EPA
believes it is appropriate to consider the Pollution Prevention (P2)
alternative presented by these commenters.
To evaluate economic impact and economic efficiency, EPA has
grouped the zero discharge proposal and the P2 alternative as proffered
by commenters into the Zero Discharge/P2 Option [[Page 30224]] (Zero/P2
Option). Under this Option, all PFPR facilities subject to the final
rule would have a choice of either meeting the zero discharge
limitation (or pretreatment standard) or employing the P2 practices and
discharging the small amount of PAI pollutants that remain in the
process wastewater.
EPA believes that this Zero/P2 Option addresses both the economic
cost and non-water quality environmental impacts which commenters
believed were not adequately considered by the Agency in its proposed
zero discharge option. As discussed in more detail in Section V, under
the Zero/P2 Option both the costs impacts and the cost effectiveness
compare favorably to the proposed Zero Discharge Option alone.
Moreover, the Zero/P2 Option will reduce the level of adverse non-water
quality environmental impacts which may occur in comparison to those
resulting from a Zero Discharge limitation and standard alone by using
pollution prevention practices to decrease the use of cross-media
transfers (off-site disposal to incineration, deep-well injection,
central waste treaters, etc. * * *).
Under the Zero/P2 Option, PFPR facilities would need to agree to
implement the listed P2 practices in lieu of complying with the zero
discharge limitation or standard and also agree to make compliance with
the P2 practices enforceable. For PFPR facilities that directly
discharge (only PFPR/Manufacturers) the covered PAIs into navigable
waters, EPA believes that the P2 alternative is authorized under the
CWA as a system of best management practices (``BMPs'') that may be
incorporated into any NPDES permit. (CWA section 304(e)). BMPs are
defined, in part, to mean ``schedules of activities, prohibitions of
practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to
prevent or reduce the pollution of ``waters of the United States * *
*.'' 40 CFR 122.2 EPA believes that the list of pollution prevention
practices contained in Tables B-1 and B-2 fit within that definition.
The NPDES regulations authorize permitting authorities to include BMPs
in NPDES permits under a number of conditions. 40 CFR 122.44(k). EPA
believes that incorporation of these pollution prevention practices as
BMPs into an NPDES permit is authorized because they carry out the
purposes and intent of the CWA. 40 CFR 122.44(k)(3).
EPA recognizes that in the proposed rule, the Agency took the
position that regulating PFPR facilities on a nationwide basis through
the use of BMPs may not be appropriate because they may not provide the
needed flexibility for the many different facilities subject to any
final rule (59 FR 17901, April 14, 1994). However, EPA has provided for
the needed flexibility in the Zero/P2 Option by making only certain
pollution prevention practices mandatory if a facility chooses the P2
alternative, i.e., those practices contained in Table B-1. The other
pollution prevention practices (Table B-2) may be modified under a
variety of circumstances. In addition, EPA is soliciting comment on a
variation of the P2 alternative where only practices which directly
reduce pollutant loadings to wastewater are specified in the regulatory
text and where water conservation practices are only provided as
guidance (see Section III.C for discussion on this variation).
For PFPR facilities that discharge covered PAIs into navigable
waters indirectly through a POTW, EPA believes that the Zero/P2 Option
is appropriate as an alternative pretreatment standard under CWA
section 307(b) and does not conflict with the implementation of the
general pretreatment regulations. 40 CFR Part 403. Pretreatment
standards for existing and new sources are designed to prevent the
discharges of pollutants that pass through, interfere with, or are
otherwise incompatible with the operations of POTWs. (CWA 307(b)).
As stated above, in establishing pretreatment standards for
existing and new facilities, EPA is authorized to evaluate the same
factors that it assesses in establishing BAT limitations. In assessing
the removal of pollutants from wastewater, the cost impact, cost
effectiveness, and non-water quality impacts of the P2 alternative for
both the Zero Discharge proposed PSES and PSNS standards and the P2
alternative, EPA has found that the P2 alternative (as part of the
Zero/P2 Option) compares either favorably (cost impact, cost
effectiveness, non-water quality impacts) or similarly (pollutant
removal) with the Zero Discharge Option. Thus, EPA believes that it is
appropriate to consider the P2 alternative as pretreatment standards
for existing and new sources.
B. Background
As discussed in Section I, EPA proposed a zero discharge regulation
for wastewaters generated by the formulating, packaging and repackaging
of pesticide products, with the exception of exterior wastewaters from
facilities formulating, packaging and repackaging certain sanitizer
active ingredients. The basis for the proposed zero discharge
regulation was pollution prevention, recycle/reuse and treatment and
reuse when necessary. EPA received comment on the technical feasibility
and economic achievability of the proposed zero discharge regulation.
Many comments focused on circumstances where wastewater was not
completely reusable. Commenters requested that EPA reduce both the
cross-media and economic impacts associated with the proposed
regulation.
One situation where commenters believe complete reuse is not
achievable concerns EPA's existing policy on cross-contamination.
Currently, EPA sets a standard of zero for cross-contamination. This
means that an active ingredient may not be present at any concentration
in a FIFRA registered product where it is not listed on the
confidential statement of formula (CSF) of that product. During the
study phase for the development of the proposal, the industry practice
was to triple rinse containers and equipment. Because of recent EPA
enforcement actions, industry commented that additional rinsing is
being used to comply with the cross-contamination policy. EPA is
currently reviewing the pesticide cross-contamination policy.
Commenters believe that more aggressive enforcement of a zero-
standard cross-contamination policy would create additional wastewaters
that would not be reusable and that were not taken into account when
the proposed zero discharge regulation was developed. According to
commenters, a facility that performs a triple rinse of the equipment
interiors when changing from formulating one product to another, may
have to perform additional rinses (e.g., a five times rinse) to ensure
a level of zero cross-contamination. Commenters stated that even in
cases where the rinsate from the multiple rinse could be stored for use
in a future formulation, the additional rinses create more rinsewater
than could be reused and that these very dilute wastewaters would have
to be contract hauled for off-site disposal to achieve zero discharge.
Commenters believe this additional contract hauling of wastewater not
only makes the proposed regulation economically unachievable, but
increases the opportunity for cross-media impacts.
A second situation described by commenters focuses on the need for
periodic blowdown of the treatment system. Commenters believe that even
when using an appropriate treatment system, such as the Universal
Treatment System (UTS), continuous reuse is not technically feasible
(i.e., PFPR wastewater is not reusable indefinitely). Commenters state
this is due to a [[Page 30225]] buildup of salts in the system that
would require a periodic blowdown to maintain a well operated treatment
system. To achieve zero discharge this blowdown wastewater would have
to be contract hauled for off-site disposal, increasing the economic
impact to the industry and increasing the opportunity for cross-media
transfers.
The third situation described by commenters concerns the reuse of
water following treatment. In the proposed regulation, EPA
demonstrated, in the discussion on estimation of compliance costs, that
it did not expect facilities to reuse wastewaters that had been treated
directly into product or for cleaning equipment interiors (59 FR
17876). Although some facilities do reuse treated wastewaters in this
way, only interior rinsates that could be reused without treatment and
could, therefore, be directly reused into formulation or stored for
reuse in a future formulation of the same or compatible product formed
the basis for the proposed zero discharge. EPA recommended that
wastewaters that needed treatment prior to reuse could be reused for
their original purpose (i.e., treated floor wash can be used to wash
floors). However, commenters felt that EPA did not account for
wastewaters that could not be reused for their original purpose such as
interior wastewaters that could not be stored due to concerns for
microbial growth or interior wastewaters generated when changing a
formulating or packaging line from a solvent-based product to a water-
based product. EPA notes that cost estimates for the proposed
regulation did include costs for contract hauling similar excess
wastewaters for off-site incineration. However, EPA does recognize
that, as stated previously, contract hauling these wastewaters for
incineration may increase economic and cross-media impacts.
Due to the concerns described above, many commenters requested a
discharge allowance for these excess or non-reusable wastewaters.
Commenters suggested that they would be willing to agree to use
specified pollution prevention or best management practices and pointed
to the pollution prevention, recycle and reuse practices described in
the preamble to the proposal (59 FR 17866) and the technical
development document [EPA #821-R-94-002]. In some cases commenters
provided examples of possible additional practices they would be
willing to agree to use. EPA believes that a discharge allowance
(``pollution prevention allowable discharge'') may provide an added
incentive to increase the use of pollution prevention and recycle
practices while ensuring that facilities are maximizing pollutant
reductions in the wastewater without increasing cross-media impacts.
The following sections describe the possible variations in the
structure of the pollution prevention alternative, the practices which
may be included as part of final regulation for either variation, and
the various approaches for implementing the final rule.
C. Structure of the Alternative
For purposes of soliciting comment on today's supplemental notice,
two variations of the structure of the pollution prevention
alternative, as they might appear in the final regulation are discussed
below. EPA has also provided possible regulatory text in Appendix B of
this notice to assist commenters in focusing their written comments.
Appendix B to this notice focuses on a version of the P2 alternative
which would list all the pollution prevention, recycle and reuse
practices that would be specified in the final regulatory text. The
other version of the P2 alternative would specify, in the final rule,
only those pollution prevention, recycle and reuse practices that
directly reduce pollutant loadings in the wastewater, while only
recommending the use of the water conservation practices and equipment
as guidance. For example, in this case the use of a floor scrubber
would not be specified in the regulation; however, floor wash from
cleaning liquid production area floors would still require treatment
prior to being considered a P2 allowable discharge. Thus, floor
scrubbers would be recommended because they can reduce the size and
cost of the treatment system by reducing the volume of wastewater
requiring treatment. (See Section III.C.4 for a discussion on an
implementation approach which could increased the use of BPJ in
reference to the specified practices).
EPA believes that although most facilities would choose to use both
the specified and recommended practices, this approach may be more
difficult to permit and enforce. Also, this approach does not ensure
that the total pounds of pollutants in the discharged wastewaters are
at desirable levels. Without the use of certain flow equipment devices,
the maximum reusability of certain wastewater sources, particularly
interior equipment rinsates, may not be possible (i.e., facilities may
have too much rinsewater volume than is called for in the formulation).
In addition, in the case where water conservation practices are not
incorporated into the final regulatory text, the use of dilution to
achieve the P2 allowable concentrations may be encouraged.
In addition to soliciting comment on these variations, EPA is
soliciting comment on the approach related to implementation of the
pollution prevention alternative. (See Section III.C.4. for a
discussion on implementation).
1. Alternative to Zero
The pollution prevention alternative has been designed to serve as
an alternative to the proposed zero discharge regulation. This means
that if a facility agrees to comply with the prescriptive practices
(and any local limits which may be more stringent) and make them
enforceable, the facility would be allowed a discharge allowance (P2
allowable discharge). However, if a facility does not agree to comply
with the requirements of the alternative they would be subject to a
zero discharge limitation or standard.
2. Definition of Pollution Prevention Allowable Discharge
EPA has extensively evaluated the definition of the P2 allowable
discharge for use in the pollution prevention alternative. EPA is not
planning to set a numerical definition of P2 allowable discharge for
many of the same reasons that EPA did not set numerical limitations and
standards in the proposed regulation (59 FR 17875). Briefly, the
reasons included the lack of data, such as long term monitoring data
necessary to set numerical limitations, lack of analytical methods for
testing for many of the PAIs in wastewater, and the large annual cost
that would be associated with compliance monitoring for all PAIs that a
PFPR facility may use in production over a year's time.
In general, the definition as described would require that, in
addition to performing the specified practices, certain waste streams
be treated (or pretreated) prior to being eligible for consideration as
an ``allowable discharge.'' In order to allow additional flexibility,
EPA is considering allowing permitting authorities (NPDES or
pretreatment authority) to use BPJ to make a special modification to
this definition in which treatment would not be necessary for a
specific facility. EPA solicits comments on the use of a special
modification to the definition. The remainder of this section focuses
on the definition of pollution prevention allowable discharge.
Use of a definition for P2 allowable discharge should account for
the difference between waste streams of high concentration and other
waste streams (e.g., interior wastewaters, floor [[Page 30226]] wash
and spill and leak cleanup water versus DOT test bath water or safety
equipment cleaning water). Due to the additional pollutant removals
afforded by treatment at the POTW, EPA has developed similar but
separate definitions for indirect and direct dischargers. In brief,
treatment would be required for any waste streams discharged to the
nation's waters by direct dischargers. The definition of P2 allowable
discharge for direct dischargers will be discussed later in this
section. The definition of P2 allowable discharge for indirect
dischargers that send wastewater to POTWs is constructed as a two-part
definition, which would apply to waste streams of different raw
concentrations.
For PFPR process wastewaters, excluding interior equipment
cleaning, floor wash and spill and leak cleanup water, EPA believes
that (1) many of these sources contain lower concentrations of
pollutants prior to pretreatment and (2) the use of the specified
pollution practices alone will sufficiently reduce the pollutant
loadings in the wastewater when followed by treatment at a POTW.
However, based on raw wastewater characterization data collected on
sampling visits to PFPR facilities, pretreatment may be necessary for
interior equipment cleaning, floor wash and spill and leak cleanup
water to reduce the levels of pesticide active ingredients and other
pollutants. Thus, EPA is requesting comment on the following two part
definition of pollution prevention allowable discharge for indirect
dischargers:
Pollution prevention allowable discharge (excluding interior
wastewaters, leak/spill cleanup water and floor wash) means: the
quantity of/concentrations in PFPR process wastewaters that remain
after a facility has demonstrated that it is using the specified
practices of the Pollution Prevention Alternative as listed.
Pollution prevention allowable discharge for interior
wastewaters, leak/spill cleanup water, and floor wash means: the
quantity of/concentrations in PFPR process wastewaters that remain
after a facility has demonstrated that it is using the specified
practices of the Pollution Prevention Alternative as listed AND that
have been pretreated using appropriate pollution control
technologies which can be used individually or in conjunction with
one another as listed in Appendix C, or an equivalent system to
achieve a sufficient level of pollutant reduction. Facilities must
demonstrate that the appropriate pollution control technology is
properly maintained and operated.
Appendix C contains those pollutant control technologies, such as
hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, metals precipitation and activated
carbon adsorption, which have been used for estimating compliance costs
on a PAI specific basis. In general, these treatment technologies have
been determined to be effective in treating pesticide containing
wastewaters in literature, in bench or pilot scale treatability studies
or in the Pesticide Manufacturing effluent guidelines.2 These are
the same technologies that were presented as part of the Universal
Treatment System at the time of proposal. However, these technologies
are PAI specific and may need to be used in conjunction with one
another to provide treatment for all PAIs used at a facility over a
period of time. In addition, facilities may experience difficulties
treating wastewaters that contain emulsions, therefore, ``appropriate''
treatment for emulsified wastewaters must include an emulsion breaking
step.
\2\ EPA is still determining the appropriate treatment
technologies for a number of inorganic pesticide chemicals.
Activated carbon (AC) adsorption was only used to provide a
conservative cost estimate. Therefore, listed technologies for such
PAIs are subject to change for final regulation.
Note: EPA has costed facilities for these types of dynamic
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treatment needs.
In the proposed regulation, EPA recognized that although the 1978
regulation for the pesticides industry set a zero direct discharge
limitation (BPT) on wastewaters generated from the formulating,
packaging and repacking of pesticide products, some facilities were
directly discharging PFPR wastewaters. These facilities manufacture
pesticide active ingredients, as well as, perform PFPR activities
(referred to as PFPR/Manufacturers in the proposed regulation) and were
able to comply with zero discharge (BPT) by treating these wastewaters
through the same treatment system used for treating their pesticide
manufacturing wastewaters without an additional allowance for PFPR
wastewater pollutants in the facility's pesticide manufacturing
discharge limits. These facilities should be the only PFPR facilities
currently discharging directly to the nation's waters.
These direct discharging pesticide manufacturing facilities have
treatment systems that are required to meet the BAT pesticide
manufacturing limitations (57 FR 50368). However, because these
facilities discharge directly into the nation's waters without the
removals afforded by secondary treatment at POTWs, EPA believes that,
unlike indirect dischargers, these facilities may have to treat all
PFPR wastewaters. Therefore, the following definition of pollution
prevention allowable discharge would apply to direct dischargers who
formulate, package or repackage pesticides and manufacture pesticides.
Pollution prevention allowable discharge (for PFPR/
Manufacturers) means: the quantity of/concentrations in all PFPR
process wastewaters that remain after a facility has demonstrated
that it is using the specified practices of the Pollution Prevention
Alternative as listed AND that have been treated using appropriate
pollution control technologies which can be used individually or in
conjunction with Manufacturer's treatment systems or one another as
listed in Appendix C, or an equivalent system to achieve a
sufficient level of pollutant reduction. Facilities must demonstrate
that the appropriate pollution control technology is properly
maintained and operated.
By using the above definition, EPA would be including wastewaters
into the pollution prevention alternative generated at these facilities
by the PFPR of pesticides that are manufactured and formulated,
packaged and/or repackaged as well as the wastewaters from the PFPR of
those pesticides that are not also manufactured. In the case of these
PFPR/Manufacturers, the term ``appropriate'' pollution control
technology takes on additional meaning than the one discussed above for
indirect dischargers. It also implies that when the pollution control
technology in place for treating their manufacturing wastewater is not
identified in Appendix C, in literature, or in treatability studies as
an effective treatment technology for a PAI that they only use in
formulating and packaging operations, they must add to their existing
treatment system. EPA is soliciting comment on the above definition.
In the above definitions, for both indirect and direct discharges,
EPA makes reference to allowable amounts of pollutants in terms of
concentration and quantity.
Note: EPA is considering a variation of the P2 alternative which
would specify certain P2 practices while providing water
conservation practices solely as guidance.
The main purpose for including volume in the definition of P2
allowable discharge is that in lieu of setting a mass-based definition,
the incorporation of volume or flow reduction is meant to discourage
the use of dilution of wastewaters to create concentrations that appear
to be at an allowable level. In addition, EPA notes that when
facilities use water conservation technologies to control the volume of
wastewater they generate, they can more easily store and reuse interior
rinsates, which may result in additional pollutant removals. Also, the
use of flow [[Page 30227]] reduction practices or equipment reduces the
volume of water that must be treated before it can be considered a P2
allowable discharge. Reduced volumes require smaller treatment systems
that, therefore, cost less to install and operate and run more
efficiently, and in using certain technologies, such as precipitation/
clarification, will result in reduced effluent pollutant loadings. Some
facilities may adopt flow reduction strategies to save money and
incidentally save loadings.
EPA believes that the definition of P2 allowable discharge can be
implemented for this industry without the use of numerical limitations.
In the pollution prevention alternative, EPA has included the
requirement for paperwork that would include a discussion describing
how a facility would demonstrate to their permitting authority (NPDES
or pretreatment authority) that they are operating a well maintained
treatment system (UTS or equivalent) that includes pollution control
technologies that are appropriate for the PAIs handled at their
facility. In addition, the paperwork would have to include the
rationale for choosing the method of demonstration. For example, a
facility may determine a surrogate method for determining breakthrough
of their carbon adsorption unit. This method could be used instead of
performing analytical testing for all or any of the PAIs that may have
been in production at the facility over a specific period of time.
Note: EPA will submit an ICR to the Office of Management and
Budget concerning this paperwork prior to final promulgation.
In addition, some indirect discharge facilities may be able to
achieve complete pollution prevention, recycle and reuse of some
wastewater sources, such as interior equipment cleaning rinsates, that
would otherwise require treatment prior to being considered allowable
discharges under the pollution prevention alternative. Such facilities
would not have to incur the cost of treatment to discharge their
remaining streams to the POTW (assuming no local limits requiring
treatment). These facilities would not be operating treatment systems
to comply with this regulation and; therefore, would not need to
include a discussion in the necessary paperwork that demonstrates they
are operating a well maintained treatment system. However, these
facilities should indicate in the necessary paperwork that the
wastewater sources which remain and which they are discharging are not
the wastewater sources that require treatment under the pollution
prevention alternative. In addition, there may also be facilities that
choose comply with the zero discharge track of the Zero/P2 Option. For
example, these facilities may choose to recycle and reuse wastewaters
to the best of their ability and contract haul remaining wastewaters to
avoid incurring the costs associated with installing and operating a
treatment system.
3. Description of Pollution Prevention Practices
EPA has developed a list of pollution prevention, recycle and reuse
practices for the pollution prevention alternative. The list is derived
from the pollution prevention, recycle and reuse practices that have
been demonstrated in the PFPR industry and are documented in the public
record to the proposed rule. (See Section 7 of the Technical
Development Document for the proposed rule [EPA 821-R-94-002].) If
performed, these practices will reduce the pollutant loading of the
wastewater and reduce the volume of wastewater by creating
opportunities for reuse. In some instances the water conservation
aspect of the practices will discourage the practice of dilution of the
wastewater to create concentrations that appear to be at an allowable
level.
For use as part of the pollution prevention alternative, the list
has been separated into two tiers: (1) Practices that discharger must
agree to comply with without any modification; and (2) other practices
that discharger must agree to with acceptable justification. The second
list has been set up to include possible modification based on comments
received on the proposed rule or during meetings with industry. These
modifications are discussed below. Both sets of pollution prevention,
recycle, and reuse practices are included in Appendix B of this
supplemental notice.
The list of pollution prevention practices for which no
modification is provided includes: the use of flow reduction on hoses;
the use of good housekeeping practices such as using drip pans and
performing preventive maintenance; specific practices concerning the
reuse of rinsate from rinsing drums that contain liquid PAI (or inerts)
for formulation of water-based products; the sweeping of dry production
areas prior to rinsing; and the use of recirculation (with periodic
blowdown) when operating air pollution control wet scrubbers and
continuous overflow DOT aerosol leak test baths. In addition, this list
of pollution prevention practices includes a provision for some
equipment dedication that is contingent on the ability to reuse
interior rinsates as discussed on the second list (See discussion
below). In the version of the P2 alternative, where water conservation
practices and equipment would only be included as guidance and not
specified in the regulatory text, the list above would be modified. The
use of flow reduction devices on hoses and the use of recirculating air
pollution control scrubbers and DOT test baths would not be included in
the regulatory text of the final regulation and would only be
recommended. EPA solicits comment on the practices contained in Table
B-1 of Appendix B and whether the water conservation practices and
equipment discussed above should be used only in guidance.
The second list sets forth other pollution prevention, recycle and
reuse practices that may be modified with acceptable justification. In
Appendix B, acceptable justification for modifying an individual
practice is described following the description of the practice itself.
A modification, for purposes of the pollution prevention alternative,
means that a facility would no longer have to perform a listed practice
or that it would need to comply with the described alternative
practice. However, the modification only applies to the specific
practice from the second list for which the modification has been
justified and to no other listed practices. Facilities would be
required to discuss all modifications in the paperwork necessary for
the pollution prevention alternative.
The pollution prevention, recycle and reuse practices on the second
list include: practices concerning the reuse of rinsates from rinsing
drums that contain liquid PAI (or inert) for formulation of solvent-
based products; the use of low volume/high pressure rinsing equipment
for rinsing PFPR equipment interiors when rinsing with water; the use
of floor scrubbing machines or mops for cleaning floors in liquid
production areas; the segregation of production equipment for water and
solvent based production; and the storage of interior equipment
rinsates for use in future formulation of the same or compatible
product. Water conservation equipment such as low volume/high pressure
rinsing equipment, floor scrubbing machines, and mops and buckets that
do not directly reduce pollutant loadings to the wastewater and,
therefore, may not be specified in the regulatory text of the final
rule. Instead, they may be discussed as guidance.
Upon reviewing the comments to the proposed regulation and
discussions [[Page 30228]] with facilities on post-proposal site
visits, EPA has determined situations where it may be justified not to
conduct these practices. For example, facilities may not always be able
to store interior equipment rinsates for use in future formulation of
the same or compatible product for a variety of reasons. These reasons
include: microbial growth in the stored product or other deterioration
such as phase separation or formation of precipitate; space
limitations; dropping of product registration or discontinuation of
production for a specific product; customer specifications (e.g.,
manufacturer/formulator for which a toll formulating contract directs
otherwise); and the facility only packages but does not formulate the
product. EPA is soliciting comment on the above reasons for
modification and whether the water conservation equipment discussed
above should be used only in guidance.
Facilities who modify a practice must provide justification. For
example, facilities who modify the practice of storing rinsate for
future formulation for any of the reasons above must provide
justification such as: evidence of microbial growth or deterioration or
written statement from the customer for which they are contract toll
formulating directing otherwise (e.g., the contract specifies that the
rinsate be sent back to customer or sent for off-site disposal). In
some instances in which modifications are allowed, specific alternative
practices must be agreed to and conducted in addition to those in the
list of specified practices (Table B-1, Appendix B). These specific
alternative requirements are listed with the second list of pollution
prevention, recycle and reuse practices in Table B-2, Appendix B and
would be incorporated into the regulatory text at the time of
promulgation. For example, where a facility cannot store interior
rinsates for use in future formulation due to space limitations, the
facility would have to store rinsates for use in future formulation of
the same or compatible product only for their most frequently produced
products.
There is also a contingent practice in the first list of pollution
prevention practices (Table B-1, Appendix B) which mandates some
dedication of equipment that will reduce rinsates from changeover.
Under this contingent practice, facilities would not have to dedicate
all equipment, but instead would have to dedicate equipment in at least
one of the following ways, by: frequently produced products (i.e., top
production products); hard to clean products (e.g., viscous, sticky or
colored products); product families; or a portion of the formulating/
packaging equipment (e.g., just the mix tank, just the agitator, just
the transfer hoses). Facilities would not have to dedicate equipment
for the same products where they cannot store the interior rinsates for
future formulation. EPA believes such a contingent practice would be
over prescriptive and would possibly be economically unachievable at
some PFPR facilities. The purpose of this contingent practice for
dedication is to avoid the generation of wastewater where plausible in
order to off-set the wastewater generated when a facility has modified
the specified practice. EPA solicits comment and data on the pollutant
loadings in wastewater and the volume of wastewater saved by the use of
dedicated equipment in any of the ways listed in the above discussion.
In general, EPA believes that the use of the practices specified by
the pollution prevention alternative, including practices focusing on
water conservation, create the opportunity for increased source
reduction through reusability of wastewaters. This would lead to large
pollutant reductions and, in the case of water conservation practices,
smaller, less expensive treatment systems. Use of the practices as part
of the pollution prevention alternative (with a P2 discharge allowance)
should also limit cross-media impacts by reducing the amount of process
wastewater that would otherwise be transported off-site and
incinerated.
4. Implementation of the Pollution Prevention Alternative
This section describes several implementation options for this
effluent guideline. EPA solicits comment from all interested parties.
In addition, EPA hopes to provide guidance on the implementation of the
final rulemaking through the use of a guidance manual and regional
workshops. EPA is soliciting comment on additional forms of guidance
that would be useful.
EPA believes that either variation of the pollution prevention
alternative (all practices specified vs. some as guidance only) could
be implemented in a variety of ways. Each PFPR facility subject to this
regulation, if promulgated with the Zero/P2 Option, will need to make
an initial choice: to either comply with the Zero Discharge effluent
limitation or pretreatment standard or choose to agree to conduct the
listed pollution prevention practices and also agree to make the
practices and the pollution prevention discharge allowance enforceable.
However, beyond this initial choice, the continued implementation of
the Zero/P2 Option will differ for direct and indirect dischargers.
For direct dischargers, the Zero/P2 Option will be implemented
through the NPDES permitting process. For each direct discharging PFPR/
Manufacturer or new facility, the facility would need to make the
initial choice at the permitting or permit renewal stage. If the
facility chooses the P2 alternative over the zero discharge limitation,
the permitting authority would include all of the P2 practices and the
specified treatment technologies in the facility's NPDES permit. The
pollution prevention practices and treatment technologies included in
such a NPDES permit would be enforceable under CWA sections 309 and
505.
PFPR facilities which are indirect dischargers would also need to
make an initial choice of meeting the zero discharge pretreatment
standard or adopting and implementing the P2 practices and the
treatment technologies (if so specified). If the indirect discharging
PFPR facility chooses the P2 alternative, EPA would propose that the
facility file a Notice of Intent (NOI) with the pretreatment authority.
In addition, indirect discharging PFPR facilities which choose the P2
alternative would need to self-certify in writing that they are
performing the listed practices or provide the necessary justification
for modifying certain of the pollution prevention practices as listed
in Table B-2. This certification would require a signature by the
appropriate manager in charge of overall operations of the facility to
assure that information provided is true, accurate, and complete to the
best of his or her knowledge. The pretreatment authority, as part of
its approved pretreatment program, must have the authority to ensure
compliance with a pretreatment standard (40 CFR 403.8(f)(1)(ii)) and to
carry out inspections of the indirect dischargers' self-certifications
and of the paperwork described below. 40 CFR 403.8(e)(1)(v).
Both direct and indirect discharging facilities would be required
to keep certain paperwork on-site and available for permitting
authorities and enforcement officials. For each facility, this
necessary paperwork would include, at a minimum, descriptions of the
practices that are being employed and how they are being implemented,
discussions of any modifications that are made and the justification
for each modification (including records that indicate, for example,
microbial growth, space limitations, infrequent or intermittent
production). The necessary paperwork must also include: (1) A
discussion on demonstrating that the treatment system being used
contains [[Page 30229]] the appropriate treatment technologies (i.e.,
listed by PAI in Appendix C or equivalent established in literature)
for removing PAIs that are used in production at their facility and
could be in their wastewater; (2) and establishes a method for
demonstrating that the treatment system is well operated and
maintained; and (3) the rationale for choosing the method of
demonstration.
Permitting authorities could, after receipt of the NOI or at the
time of issuing, reissuing, or modifying the NPDES permit, inspect the
PFPR facility to see that the listed practices are being employed, that
the treatment system is well operated and maintained and that the
necessary paperwork provides sufficient justification for any
modifications. EPA solicits comment on this approach to implementation
of the pollution prevention alternative.
EPA also requests comment on a second implementation option.
Instead of utilizing self-certification, this approach could require
facilities to submit the necessary paperwork to the permit writer or
pretreatment authority for approval. For this option, EPA is requesting
comment on whether the submitted paperwork should support the practices
as listed in Appendix B of this notice or be based on the practices
listed in Appendix B, but allow flexibility to the permitting
authority. More specifically, the permitting authority could add to or
replace practices in Appendix B with new or innovative practices that
are more effective at reducing the pollutant loading (directly or
indirectly) from a specific facility to the environment, based on best
professional judgement (BPJ). EPA realizes that requiring submittal of
paperwork to and approval from the permitting authority would increase
the burden and may cause untimely delays in implementing this option.
In addition, EPA believes that it may be difficult for the permitting
authority to review a facility specific plan that is not based wholly
on the listed practices found in Appendix B of this notice. This
approach may provide more flexibility for the industry and the
permitting authority; however, it will substantially increase the
burden on the permitting authorities.
As in other effluent guidelines and pretreatment standards, the
compliance deadline for the PFPR pretreatment standards for existing
sources would be three years following promulgation and the date of
issue, reissue or modification of the NPDES permit for direct
discharging PFPR/Manufacturing facilities. New source standards and
limitations (PSNS and NSPS) must be complied with when a facility
commences the discharging of wastewater.
IV. Costing Methodology
This section will briefly describe the revisions that have been
made to the costing methodology that was used to estimate compliance
costs and the pollutant removals for the proposed rule. These revisions
are discussed more thoroughly in the updated version of the Cost and
Loadings Report and the Treatability Database Report which can be found
in the public docket.
In addition to the changes that are made due to the revisions to
the scope that are being considered (as discussed in Section II), there
are three areas where changes have been made to the costing
methodology. These include revisions to: (1) The treatability database
to include activated carbon adsorption (AC) as the treatment technology
for certain PAIs where additional treatability information has been
identified; (2) the costs for the zero discharge alternative to include
costs for off-site incineration of non-reusable wastewaters; and (3)
the computer model used to develop costs and pollutant removals for the
proposed rule to estimate compliance costs and pollutant removals for
the pollution prevention alternative.
In order to adjust the estimated compliance costs and pollutant
loadings to account for the exemption of specific PAIs and wastewater
sources (see Section II for discussion of exemptions), EPA had to
remove the PAIs from the influent database. In addition, EPA had to
make adjustments to account for the volume of wastewater previously
contributed by the PFPR of these PAIs. In the situation where exempted
PAIs are the only PAIs used in a product or on a line, it is not
difficult to zero out the associated pollutant removals, treatment cost
estimates or the wastewater related to production of the exempted PAIs.
However, when exempted PAIs are used in conjunction (in products or on
shared lines) with PAIs that are covered by the rule, only the
pollutant loading contributed by the exempted PAIs can be excluded; the
total wastewater related to the production must still be costed. A more
extensive description on the revisions to wastewater volumes due to the
exemption of certain PAIs (including PAIs with non-surveyed production)
can be found in the updated Cost & Loadings Report. These revisions
tend to reduce an individual facility's annualized compliance cost
estimates as compared to the proposed rule.
EPA revised the treatability database to assign activated carbon as
the treatment technology for certain PAIs where additional treatability
information has been identified. In addition to deciding which
treatment technologies were appropriate for these PAIs through
literature searches and technology transfers, EPA used the same
transfer basis as was used in the proposal to transfer achievable
effluent concentrations (i.e., the 90th percentile highest achievable
effluent concentration) for these PAIs. This information was added to
the treatability database for the PFPR industry. This revision tends to
increase annualized compliance cost estimates for some facilities as
compared to costs estimated at proposal.
In addition to the overall revisions above, revisions were made
specifically to the cost estimates for achieving zero discharge of
wastewater for the proposed rule. In the proposed rule, EPA only
included costs for contract hauling to off-site incineration of
treatment system sludges. Based on comment, EPA has revised the costing
methodology for the zero discharge option to reflect additional
contract hauling of interior equipment rinsates to off-site
incineration, and to account for possible water balance problems.
Interior equipment cleaning rinsates from lines where detergents or
solvents were used are now costed for contract hauling for off-site
incineration rather than treatment and reuse. Based on comment, EPA
also increased overall, the percentage of the blowdown (bleed off
stream) from the UTS. This revision accounts for the volume of
wastewater that cannot be reused due to either a salt buildup or a
water balance problem at the facility. The percent for blowdown has
been increased from 0.2% in the proposed rule to 5% in this notice.
Note: EPA continued to use a blowdown of 0.2% for estimations
for the pollution prevention alternative, because under this
alternative facilities can discharge these excess wastewater under
the P2 discharge allowance.
A third revision was made which was applied to both the revised
zero discharge cost estimates and those estimated for the pollution
prevention alternative. For the proposal, EPA costed directly reusable
rinsewaters that were stored for longer than 90 days to be treated
prior to reuse. This conservative approach was used to address the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) limitation for
accumulating hazardous wastes for more than 90 days without a permit or
interim status (40 CFR 262.34). Instead, EPA is using a more realistic
approach by assuming that since these rinsewaters [[Page 30230]] are
directly reusable (i.e., do not require treatment prior to reuse, and
due to stringent product specifications, do not contain constituents
that are not used in the product) they would not be considered a waste,
and therefore, would not trigger the 90 day RCRA accumulation
limitation on listed or characteristic hazardous wastewaters.
Therefore, EPA has revised the cost model so that it no longer costs
stored interior equipment cleaning rinsates that have been stored for
greater than 90 days for treatment through the UTS. Instead, these
reusable rinsewaters are costed for storage only (not RCRA storage
costs).
Note: To avoid speculative accumulation, 75% of these directly
reusable rinsewaters must be reused within a calendar year.
Estimated annualized compliance costs to achieve zero discharge
tend to decrease due to changes in scope, but increase in the aggregate
due to the three revisions described in the above discussion as
compared to the proposed rule.
Finally, EPA also developed estimated annualized compliance costs
and pollutant removals for the pollution prevention alternative. This
cost estimate is based on the version of the P2 alternative which would
specify the pollution prevention, recycle and reuse practices in the
regulatory text of the final rule (see Section III.C). However, it can
also be viewed as a conservative estimate for the P2 alternative where
water conservation practices are not specified in the regulatory text,
but are instead provided as guidance.
The computer model used for estimating costs was altered slightly
to estimate costs for the pollution prevention alternative. Capital
costs were added to account for equipment (e.g., cost of floor
scrubbing machine or other flow reduction devices) needed to perform
the specific practices. In reference to this equipment, EPA applied an
80% reduction to floor wash and exterior equipment cleaning volumes.
Also, revisions were made to include removing the cost of pretreatment
for the wastewater sources that would not require treatment prior to
discharge to a POTW (e.g., DOT aerosol test bath water or safety
equipment cleaning). [Note: EPA has not estimated costs for direct
discharging stand alone PFPR facilities because these facilities are
currently considered to be at zero discharge]. Wastewaters that would
require treatment prior to discharge under a pollution prevention
discharge allowance were costed for treatment through the UTS
(including a 0.2% blowdown costed for contract hauling sludges for
incineration). As mentioned above, EPA did not include costs for
treating interior equipment cleaning rinsates that are stored for
greater than 90 days. In addition, interior equipment cleaning rinsates
from lines where detergents were used were costed for treatment and
discharge under the P2 discharge allowance. In the cases of indirect
dischargers, many facilities benefited from the decrease in the size of
the UTS necessary to treat their wastewater remaining after utilizing
the specified practices. For the purpose of conducting the economic
analysis, including determining the incremental cost-effectiveness (see
Section V), EPA revised the costs and loadings of Option 2 (from
proposal) to reflect the costs and loadings associated with the
pollution prevention alternative. Both the pollution prevention
alternative and Option 2 from the proposal are based on pollution
prevention with treat and discharge; however, the pollution prevention
alternative would only allow reduced discharge and is designed so that
it would not have to require numerical limitations for compliance, as
did Option 2 in the proposal.
EPA requests comment on the revisions to the costing methodology.
V. Estimated Costs, Economic Impacts, and Cost-Effectiveness
A. Options at Proposal
EPA considered 5 PSES options at proposal. Options 1 and 2 were not
zero discharge options but involved treatment of wastewater and
discharge to POTWs. Options 3, 4, and 5 were zero discharge options but
involved different compliance methods with differing costs and impacts.
Option 1 consisted of end-of-pipe treatment for all wastewaters
through the Universal Treatment System (UTS) and discharge to POTWs.
Option 1 was rejected because it did not include pollution
prevention, did not incorporate the best available technology
available and because the Agency would be unable to control the
discharge of all pollutants due to a lack of analytical methods for
some active ingredients. Option 1 would require significant
additional data on a large number of pollutants for which the Agency
would have to establish standards and for which facilities would
need to monitor. See 59 FR 17875.
Option 2 added pollution prevention by recycling wastewaters
from cleaning the interiors of formulating and packaging equipment,
and raw material and shipping containers into the product to recover
product value in the wastewaters. Other wastewaters were still
expected to be treated through the UTS and discharged to POTWs.
Option 2 contained pollution prevention provisions but was rejected
for the analytical and monitoring reasons stated above, as it still
required numerical limitations.
Option 3 employed the same technology and pollution prevention
practices as Option 2 but achieved zero discharge of all process
wastewater by recycling the wastewater back to the facility after
treatment through the UTS. Option 3/S', the proposed option, is a
variant on Option 3 which expanded the coverage of the regulation to
PAIs not covered by the Section 308 survey and exempted certain
waste streams associated with specific sanitizer PAIs from the zero
discharge requirement.
Option 4 incorporated the pollution prevention aspects of
Options 2 and 3, but instead of treatment, added off-site disposal
to an incinerator for the rest of the wastewater. Option 4 was
rejected because it relied on transferring wastewater pollutants to
another media and resulted in higher costs with no increased
benefits.
Option 5 assumed that all wastewater would be disposed of
through off-site incineration. Option 5 was rejected because it did
not contain any pollution prevention provisions and for the same
reasons as Option 4.
A complete discussion of the estimated compliance costs, impacts,
and cost-effectiveness at proposal can be found in the Economic Impact
Analysis of Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for
the Pesticide Formulation, Packaging, and Repackaging Industry (EIA)
and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines And Standards For The Pesticide Formulating, Packaging, And
Repackaging Industry. Both of these documents are available for review
in the public docket of this rulemaking.
B. Compliance Costs
For the purposes of economic analysis, EPA re-estimated the
annualized compliance costs and economic impacts for two of the
regulatory options presented at proposal (Options 1 and 4) to
incorporate the changes in scope discussed in this notice. EPA also
estimated compliance costs and economic impacts for a new regulatory
option referred to as the Zero/P2 Option. The Zero/P2 Option consists
of two alternatives. When implemented, facilities would either meet
zero discharge limitations, as the proposed rule required, or would be
allowed a reduced discharge (P2 allowable discharge) if they met
certain pollution prevention and treatment practices. The Zero/P2
Option revises both Options 2 and 3/S' presented at proposal, and
incorporates them into one option, allowing industry to choose between
these alternatives. The new pollution prevention alternative is
different from the old Option 2 in that [[Page 30231]] the pollution
prevention practices are specified and must be used for compliance and
does not require numerical limitations (which could not be developed
due to insufficient data). As stated in III.A. of this notice, the
Agency now believes that it may also be appropriate to establish an
alternate BAT and PSES limitations that allow a discharge of pollutants
as long as PFPR facilities comply with certain pollution prevention
practices. It also differs from the old Option 2 in that as part of the
Zero/P2 Option, the Agency believes that the pollution prevention
alternative can be implemented without the use of numerical limitations
(see Section III.C.2). EPA did not re-estimate costs for Option 5
because it is not a viable option given that it achieves the same
results as the new regulatory option and Option 4 (i.e., zero
discharge) at substantially higher costs.
EPA previously estimated the total annualized compliance cost of
the proposed rule at $56.1 million (1988) (which equals $67.4 million
in 1995). EPA is using 1988 dollars because it is the base year for the
survey data that was collected and because costs were presented in 1988
dollars in the proposal. As shown in Table 1, total annualized
compliance costs (including amortized capital costs and operating and
maintenance costs) equal $32.7 (1988) million ($39.4 million in 1995)
for the Zero/P2 Option. In choosing between the two components of the
Zero/P2 Option, industry is expected to choose the lower cost
compliance alternative for each facility. For some facilities,
particularly those with low volumes of wastewater, achieving zero
discharge will be the less expensive alternative (even when they comply
by contract hauling wastewaters for off-site incineration); for most
facilities, achieving the P2 allowable discharge by complying with
pollution prevention practices and treatment of certain waste streams
is less expensive. The cost estimate for the Zero/P2 Option selects the
least costly alternative for each facility.
As discussed in the proposed rule (59 FR 17896), EPA expanded the
scope of the rule to account for facilities that formulate PAIs other
than those PAIs covered by the 1988 survey questionnaire. In the
proposal, EPA referred to these additional PAIs as the ``non 272''
PAIs. Several of the non-272 PAIs are being considered for exemption
from the final rule (see Section II. A of this notice). Consistent with
the methodology used at proposal, EPA assumed that facilities using
only non-272 PAIs have the same average compliance costs, percent of
impacted facilities, and average pollutant removals as facilities
covered by the survey.
C. Economic Impacts
EPA re-estimated the economic impacts resulting from the compliance
costs using the methodology presented in the EIA for the proposed rule.
EPA projected two categories of economic impacts that may result from
regulation: severe impacts measured as projected facility closures, and
moderate impacts measured as conversion of PFPR product lines to non-
pesticide formulating, packaging and repackaging operations, or
compliance costs in excess of five percent of facility revenue. Under
the proposed option, EPA projected facility closures at two facilities
and moderate economic impacts at 250 facilities (see Table 1). Under
the new combined Zero/P2 Option, EPA projects no severe impacts and
moderate impacts at 162 facilities, a substantial decrease from the
proposed rule.
Table 1.--National Estimates of Costs and Impacts for Subcategory C PSES
Options in 1988 Dollars
(Assuming Zero Cost Pass-Through)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed
Zero/P2 option 3/
option S'
------------------------------------------------------------------------
All facilities:
# of Facilities Projected to Incur Costs.......... 651 869
Total Annualized Compliance Costs (million
dollars) \1\..................................... $32.7 $56.1
Facility Closures: (Severe Economic Impacts)...... 0 2
Moderate Economic Impacts......................... 162 250
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Total annualized compliance costs are in $1988 and therefore differ
from the costs used in the cost-effectiveness section below.
D. Cost-Effectiveness
Cost-effectiveness analysis is used in the effluent guidelines
process to compare the efficiency of one regulatory option in removing
pollutants to another regulatory option, and to compare the regulation
with other promulgated regulations. Cost-effectiveness is defined as
the incremental annual cost of a pollution control option in an
industry or industry subcategory per incremental pollutant removal. The
increments considered are relative to another option or benchmark such
as existing treatment. The cost-effectiveness value, therefore,
represents the marginal cost of removing the next pound of pollutant.
For this cost-effective analysis, the costs were annualized using a
social discount rate of seven percent. To facilitate comparison among
rules promulgated in different years, cost-effectiveness values are
always reported in 1981 dollars. Pollutant removals are measured in
copper-based toxic ``pounds-equivalent''. This adjustment accounts for
differences in toxicity among the regulated pollutants. (Note that the
analysis presented here is not strictly comparable with that presented
at proposal because the toxic weighting factor used for pyrethrin has
decreased significantly since proposal as a result of a new calculation
method.)
Table 2 presents the total annualized costs, total pounds, total
pounds-equivalent of pollutants removed, and average cost per pound
removed for the three options (Options 1, Zero/P2, and 4). Table 3
presents the incremental cost-effectiveness for the three options.
[[Page 30232]]
Table 2.--National Estimate of Annualized Costs and Removals Under PSES\1\ Subcategory C Facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized Pound
Options cost, MM$ Pound removals equivalent Average cost/
(1981 dollars) \3\ removals \3\ pound removed
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zero/P2 \2\..................................... $26.1 266,336 29,832,701 $0.87
1 \4\........................................... 44.9 269,181 29,943,443 1.50
4............................................... 383.3 269,738 29,973,224 12.79
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ These removals are not strictly comparable with those presented in the cost-effectiveness at proposal as the
toxic weighting factor used to calculate pound equivalent removals for Pyrethrin has decreased significantly
since proposal.
\2\ EPA is considering giving industry the choice of complying with zero discharge or the pollution prevention
alternative which allows a reduced discharge. This choice was proposed by industry. Option Zero/P2 combines
revised Options 2 and 3/S' into a single option of choice.
\3\ The removal numbers presented here are not precise. All options have virtually identical removals (2.7x10
\5\ pounds and 3.0x10 \7\ lb-eq). The precision with which we can estimate the removals is not precise enough
to accurately differentiate such small differences. The Zero/P2 Option is the least costly alternative and
removes approximately the same number of pounds as the other Options.
\4\ Option 1 requires numerical limitations. EPA did not set numerical limitations and standards in the proposed
regulation (59 FR 17875) because of the lack of data such as the long term monitoring data necessary to set
numerical limitations, lack of analytical methods for testing for many of the PAIs in wastewater, and the
large annual cost that would be associated with compliance monitoring for all PAIs that a PFPR facility may
use in production over a years time. The revised Option 1 costs presented here underestimate the true costs
associated with Option 1 because they only include monitoring costs associated with the original 272 PAIs.
They do not include monitoring costs associated with the Non-272 PAIs, because analytical methods have not
currently been identified for all of them.
Table 3.--National Estimate of Industry Cost Effectiveness Under PSES
\1\ All Subcategory C Facilities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incremental Cost-
Option Incremental lb-eq effectiveness
costs removed \3\ in $/lb-eq
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Least cost alternative zero or
P2 \2\........................ 26.1 29,832,701 $0.87
1\4\........................... 18.9 110,742 170.22
4.............................. $338.3 29,781 11,361
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Dollar values are in constant 1981 dollars. These removals are not
strictly comparable with those presented in the cost-effectiveness at
proposal as the toxic weighting factor used to calculate pound
equivalent removals for Pyrethrin has decreased significantly since
proposal.
\2\ EPA is considering giving industry the choice of complying with zero
discharge or the pollution prevention alternative which allows a
reduced discharge. This choice was proposed by industry. Option Zero/
P2 combines revised Options 2 and 3/S' into a single option of choice.
\3\ The cost effectiveness numbers presented here are for illustrative
purposes only. All options have virtually identical removals (2.7x10
\5\ lbs. and 3.0x10 \7\ lb-eq). The precision with which we can
estimate the removals is not precise enough to differentiate such
small differences. EPA has determined that the Zero/P2 alternative is
the least costly, and thus the most cost-effective.
\4\ Option 1 requires numerical limitations. EPA did not set numerical
limitations and standards in the proposed regulation (59 FR 17875)
because of the lack of data such as the long term monitoring data
necessary to set numerical limitations, lack of analytical methods for
testing for many of the PAIs in wastewater, and the large annual cost
that would be associated with compliance monitoring for all PAIs that
a PFPR facility may use in production over a years time. The revised
Option 1 costs presented here underestimate the true costs associated
with Option 1 because they only include monitoring costs associated
with the original 272 PAIs. They do not include monitoring costs
associated with the Non-272 PAIs, because analytical methods have not
currently been identified for all of them.
VI. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (the
Act), P.L. 104-4, which was signed into law on March 22, 1995, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement for rules with Federal
mandates that may result in estimated costs to State, local, and tribal
governments in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million
or more in any one year. When such a statement is required for EPA
rules, under section 205 of the Act EPA must identify and consider
alternatives, including the least costly, most cost-effective or least
burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. EPA
must select that alternative, unless the Administrator explains in the
final rule why it was not selected or it is inconsistent with law.
Before EPA establishes regulatory requirements that may significantly
or uniquely affect small governments, including tribal governments, it
must develop under section 203 of the Act a small government agency
plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially affected small
governments, giving them meaningful and timely input in the development
of EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental
mandates, and informing, educating, and advising them on compliance
with the regulatory requirements.
EPA has determined that the alternative Zero/P2 Option discussed in
this notice does not include a Federal mandate that may result in
estimated costs of $100 million or more to State, local, or tribal
governments in the aggregate, or to the private sector, in any one
year. EPA has estimated that the annual costs of the Zero/P2 Option to
the private sector to be $32.7 million in 1988 dollars or $39.4 million
in 1995). Although EPA has not empirically estimated the annual costs
to States, local, or tribal governments resulting from implementation
of the Zero/P2 Option, the Agency expects the annualized costs to be
much less than those which the private sector, i.e., the PFPR
facilities will face. States, local, or tribal governments will face
the costs of issuing NPDES permits or conducting inspections of
facilities; however, EPA does not expect these costs to produce any
significant increase to the costs that these entities incur by issuing
an NPDES permit or discharge agreement prior to the promulgation of the
effluent limitations or pretreatment standards. EPA solicits comment on
this estimate.
As to section 203 of the Act, EPA has determined that the Zero/P2
Option discussed in this notice will not significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, including tribal governments. EPA recognizes
that small governments may own or operate POTWs that receive wastewater
from PFPR facilities subject to the pretreatment standards contained in
this notice, including the Zero/P2 Option. Thus, there may be certain
small governments which receive notices of intent from PFPR facilities
that choose to avail themselves of the P2 alternative. These same small
governments will [[Page 30233]] need to enforce the pretreatment
standards through compliance mechanisms, including inspections.
However, these mandates are already contained in the existing general
Pretreatment Standards, which include requirements for an approved POTW
pretreatment program. 40 CFR 403.8. Thus, EPA believes that any
mandates resulting from this notice are not significant or unique.
EPA has, however, sought meaningful and timely input from the
private sector, states, and local governments on the development of
this notice. After receiving comment on the pollution prevention
alternative, EPA met with members of private sector who requested that
such meetings be held to discuss this alternative. EPA shared a draft
version of the pollution prevention alternative with the Effluent
Guidelines Task Force, the members of which include industry,
environmental groups, state governments, and owner/operators of POTWs.
EPA officials also presented the pollution prevention alternative at a
conference held by the Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies,
which includes representatives from, primarily, large and medium
municipal sewer authorities (POTWs) from across the United States. EPA
also plans to distribute this Federal Register notice to several
smaller POTWs which service different small communities throughout the
United States in an attempt to seek timely and meaningful input from
small governments. Thus, EPA expects that any applicable requirements
of section 203 of the Act will have been satisfied prior to
promulgating a final rule.
VII. Solicitation of Comment
In addition to those areas where EPA specifically requested comment
throughout this notice, EPA solicits comment in the following areas:
Research and development (R&D) facilities--EPA has
received comment from stand alone R&D facilities that develop new
formulations and perform efficacy and field testing on these new
formulations. These facilities requested exemption from the PFPR
effluent guidelines for several reasons. First, the majority of
wastewater that is generated at these facilities is due to operation of
a greenhouse or residue laboratory. EPA notes that even if these
facilities are included in the final regulation, these wastewaters
should not be considered process wastewater associated with pesticide
formulating, packaging and repackaging operations.
Second, the remainder of wastewater is generated by the operation
of a quality control (QC) laboratory or by cleaning the pilot scale
formulating equipment. Both of these wastewater sources would have been
considered PFPR process wastewaters under the proposed rule. However,
as discussed in today's notice, EPA is considering whether to exempt
laboratory equipment rinsates from cleaning analytical equipment from
the definition of PFPR process wastewater. In the case of rinsate
generated from cleaning the experimental formulation equipment,
commenters stated that they could not meet the proposed regulation of
zero discharge based on reuse. Since these facilities do not produce
the same pesticides again once they have completed testing, they do not
have the same ability to reuse water as a typical PFPR facility. EPA is
soliciting comment and additional information on whether stand alone
R&D facilities that perform PFPR operations should be exempted from the
PFPR effluent guidelines rule. EPA is not considering exempting
wastewaters generated by R&D activities at PFPR facilities.
Stand alone direct discharging PFPR facilities--EPA
requests comment on allowing stand alone direct discharging PFPR
facilities (i.e., PFPR facilities that do not perform pesticide
manufacturing operations) to have the option of complying with the
pollution prevention alternative. [Note: During the development of the
proposed regulation, EPA estimated that there were only two direct
discharging PFPR stand alone facilities (one of which was both an
indirect and a direct discharger).] Based on available data, EPA does
not believe that stand alone PFPR facilities have the necessary
treatment in place to discharge directly to the nation's waters;
therefore, Appendix B does not include BAT and NSPS limitations for
PFPR stand alone direct discharging facilities.
Triple rinse and the pollution prevention allowable discharge--EPA
solicits comment and data on concentrations of pollutants (PAIs and
other pollutants) found in the second and third rinses of a triple
rinse from cleaning equipment interiors or raw material drums. In
discussions with industry, EPA was asked whether the second or third
rinses of a triple rinse could be considered a P2 allowable discharge
for the purposes of the pollution prevention alternative. Under the
pollution prevention alternative, as it is presented today, these
rinses would have to be reused because EPA believes that these
subsequent rinses contain pollutant loadings which are at high enough
levels to be reused. However, if sufficient data is available, EPA may
reconsider specifying reuse of these rinses and allow discharge
(possibly only after treatment) in the final regulation. [Note to
commenters providing data: please indicate if data represents
concentrations in second or third rinses and if from drum rinsing,
interior equipment rinsing, minibulk or bulk tank rinsing.]
Burden to permitting authorities (NPDES and Pretreatment)--EPA
solicits comment from POTWs and NPDES permit writers on the burden to
them associated with both the variations of the pollution prevention
alternative and on the different implementation approaches. EPA
believes the burden for either of the variations of the P2 alternative
and for implementation by self-certification is no larger than what is
associated with the proposed zero discharge limitation as on-site
inspections would still be the expected method of demonstrating
compliance. EPA notes that implementation by self-certification of the
pollution prevention alternative does not require analytical testing on
the part of the permitting authority. However, EPA solicits comment,
including estimates of burden, on whether there would be a substantial
additional burden associated with increased use of guidance (versus the
use of all practices being specified in the regulatory text). In
addition, EPA solicits estimates of the burden associated with
requiring submittal of paperwork for approval to the permitting
authority (NPDES and/or pretreatment authority).
The following four appendices (A-D) are the appendices which are
referred to in this Supplemental Notice.
[[Page 30234]]
Appendix A.--Pesticide Active Ingredients Considered for Exemption
Table 1.--PAIs That Are Sanitizer Chemicals
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previously
Shaughnessey PAI proposed as
code code Chemical name \1\ sanitizer
PAI \2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
000101.......... ....... Glycolic acid.................. ............
004206.......... ....... Rosin amine D................. ............
009601.......... ....... Oxalic acid.................... ............
045901.......... ....... Hydrogen chloride.............. ............
046607.......... ....... Heptadecyl ............
hydroxyethylimidazolinium
chloride.
046621.......... ....... Alkyl*-1-benzyl-1-(2-
hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolinium
chloride.
046914.......... ....... PVP iodine..................... ............
046915.......... ....... Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol-- ............
iodine complex.
046923.......... ....... Tetraglycine hydroperiodide.... ............
046925.......... ....... Alkyl*-omega-hydroxy-
poly(oxyethylene)poly(oxypropy
lene)-iod.
046926.......... ....... Polyethylene glycol ether of ............
linear secondary alcohol--iodi.
059804.......... 051 Oxine-sulfate..................
062201.......... ....... o-Benzyl-p-chlorophenol........ ............
062212.......... ....... Chloro-2-biphenylol, sodium ............
salt.
062215.......... ....... Chloro-4-biphenylol, sodium ............
salt.
063604.......... ....... Potassium peroxymonosulfate.... ............
064103.......... 211 Phenylphenol................... ............
064210.......... ....... Trichlorophenol................ ............
069104.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride *(60%C14, 30%C16, 5.
069105.......... 056 Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride (Hyamine 3500).
069106.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride *(50%C12, 30%C14, 1.
069107.......... ....... Benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl ............
ammonium chloride.
069108.......... ....... Benzyl hexadecyl dimethyl ............
ammonium chloride.
069110.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl 3,4-
dichlorobenzyl ammonium
chloride *(50%C1.
069111.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl ethylbenzyl
ammonium chloride *(50%C12,
30%C.
069112.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl 1-
naphthylmethyl ammonium
chloride *(98%C12,.
069119.......... ....... Dialkyl* methyl benzyl ammonium
chloride *(60% C14, 30% C16,.
069122.......... 105 Benzethonium Chloride (Hyamine
1622).
069125.......... ....... Dodecylbenzyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride.
069129.......... 162 Hyamine 2389 (Methyl
dodecylbenzyltrimethyl
ammonium chlorid.
069134.......... 159 Methylbenzethonium chloride....
069136.......... ....... Dialkyl* dimethyl ammonium ............
chloride *(47%C12, 18%C14,
10%C18.
069137.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride *(60%C14, 25%C12, 1.
069138.......... ....... Dialkyl* dimethyl ammonium ............
chloride *(as in fatty acids
of c.
069140.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride *(61% C12, 23% C14,.
069141.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride *(58%C14, 28%C16, 1.
069143.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(67%C12, 24%C14, 9.
069144.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl 3,4- ............
dichlorobenzyl ammonium
chloride *(61%C1.
069145.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl 3,4-
dichlorobenzyl ammonium
chloride *(90%C1.
069149.......... ....... Didecyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride.
06951........... ....... Alkyl* trimethyl ammonium ............
chloride *(90%C18, 10%C16).
069154.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl ethylbenzyl
ammonium chloride *(68%C12,
32%C.
069156.......... ....... Cetyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium ............
bromide.
069157.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(65%C12, 25%C14, 1.
069158.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(93%C14, 4%C12, 3%.
069162.......... ....... Dialkyl* dimethyl ammonium ............
chloride *(85% C18, 15% C16).
069165.......... ....... Octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride.
069166.......... ....... Dioctyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride.
069167.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl ethylbenzyl ............
ammonium chloride *(60%C14,
30%C.
069173.......... ....... Oxydiethylenebis(alkyl*
dimethyl ammonium chloride)
*(as in.
069175.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(67%C12, 25%C14, 7.
069177.......... ....... Dialkyl* dimethyl ammonium ............
chloride *(50% C12, 30% C14,
20%.
069184.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(95%C14, 3%C12, 2%.
069189.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(61% C12, 23% C14,.
069192.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(70% C12, 30% C14).
069194.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride *(90% C14, 5% C12,.
073201.......... ....... Sodium bisulfate............... ............
076001.......... ....... Phosphoric acid................ ............
078101.......... ....... Sulfamic acid.................. ............
079005.......... ....... Ethoxylated nonylphenol........ ............
081406.......... ....... Mono(trichloro)tetra(monopotass ............
ium dichloro))penta-s-triazin.
099001.......... 036 2-(Hydroxymethyl) amino ethanol
(HAE).
104001.......... ....... Hydroxymethyl)amino)-2-methyl-1- ............
propanol.
107601.......... ....... Alkoxy*-2-hydroxypropyl ............
trimethyl ammonium chloride
*(100% C.
124201.......... ....... Chlorinated trisodium phosphate ............
128875.......... ....... Isobornyl acetate.............. ............
128919.......... ....... Octanoic acid.................. ............
[[Page 30235]]
128928.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ............
ammonium chloride *(67%C12,
25%C14, 7.
128955.......... ....... Capric acid.................... ............
169101.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl 3,4- ............
dichlorobenzyl ammonium
chloride *(50%C1.
169105.......... ....... Alkyl* dodecylbenzyl dimethyl ............
ammonium chloride *(70% C12, 3.
169108.......... ....... Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium ............
chloride *(as in fatty acids.
169124.......... ....... Alkyl* trimethyl ammonium ............
chloride *(70% C12, 30% C14).
169128.......... ....... Alkyl* bis(2- ............
hydroxyethyl)benzyl ammonium
chloride *(57%C10,.
169131.......... ....... Alkyl* amino betaine *(46%C12,
24%C14, 10%C16, 8%C10, 7%C8,.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAIs That Are Inert When Used With Sanitizer PAIs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
001501.......... ....... Ethyl alcohol.................. ............
004205.......... ....... Ethylenediamine................ ............
009603.......... ....... Ammonium oxalate............... ............
011102.......... ....... Borax.......................... ............
011601.......... ....... Ethanolamine................... ............
013905.......... ....... Sodium chloride................ ............
016001.......... ....... Carbon......................... ............
028002.......... ....... Dimethyl phthalate............. ............
039101.......... ....... Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ............
039107.......... ....... Tetrasodium
ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
039110.......... ....... Ethylenediaminetetraacetic ............
acid, trisodium salt.
039113.......... ....... Tripotassium ............
ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
039115.......... ....... Disodium ............
ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
039122.......... ....... Sodium dihydroxyethylglycine... ............
044008.......... ....... Sodium diacetate............... ............
044101.......... ....... Acetone........................ ............
046903.......... ....... Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol-- ............
iodine complex.
047501.......... ....... Isopropanol.................... ............
051601.......... ....... Menthol........................ ............
068604.......... ....... Dipropylene glycol............. ............
072604.......... ....... Sodium metasilicate............ ............
073504.......... ....... Potassium carbonate............ ............
073506.......... ....... Sodium carbonate...............
073507.......... ....... Sodium sesquicarbonate......... ............
076403.......... ....... Sodium phosphate (Na2H(PO4))... ............
076404.......... ....... Sodium tripolyphosphate........ ............
076406.......... ....... Trisodium phosphate............ ............
076409.......... ....... Monosodium phosphate........... ............
076601.......... ....... Methyl salicylate.............. ............
079007.......... ....... Polyoxyethylene sorbitol, mixed ............
ether ester.
079011.......... ....... Sodium lauryl sulfate.......... ............
079019.......... ....... Sodium xylenesulfonate......... ............
079020.......... ....... Triethanolamine ............
dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
079022.......... ....... Potassium myristate............ ............
079023.......... ....... Potassium ricinoleate.......... ............
079046.......... ....... Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate. ............
079058.......... ....... Toluene sulfonic acid.......... ............
079701.......... ....... Limonene....................... ............
081201.......... ....... Trichloroethane................ ............
085501.......... ....... Undecylenic acid............... ............
086802.......... ....... Xylene......................... ............
098002.......... ....... Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid ...
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Shaughnessey codes and chemical names are taken directly from the
FATES database. Several chemical names are truncated because the
chemical names listed in the FATES database are limited to 60
characters.
\2\ Two chemicals previously proposed as sanitizer PAIs, essential oils
(Code 40501) and pine oil (Code 67002), are included on the PAI
Mixtures table.
[[Page 30236]]
Table 2.-- PAIs That Are Pool Chemicals
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shaughnessey
code Chemical name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
006315.......... 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
014701.......... Calcium hypochlorite.
014702.......... Lithium hypochlorite.
014703.......... Bleach (or Sodium hypochlorite.
081401.......... Dichloro-s-triazinetrione.
081403.......... Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione.
081404.......... Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione.
081405.......... Trichloro-s-triazinetrione.
081407.......... Sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--PAIs That Are Microorganisms
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shaughnessey
code Chemical name \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
006401.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.
006402.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki.
006405.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis.
006422.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2424.
006423.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG2371.
006424.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG2348.
006426.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91.
006440.......... Pseudomonas fluorescens EG-1053 (previously coded
006418).
054501.......... Bacillus popilliae and B. lentimorbus.
111301.......... Phytophthora palmivora, chlamydospores of.
114201.......... Agrobacterium radiobacter.
128902.......... Trichoderma polysporum (ATCC 20475).
128903.......... Trichoderma harzianum (ATCC 20476).
128946.......... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. San Diego.
129000.......... Gliocladium virens G-21.
129069.......... Streptomyces griseoviridis.
129084.......... Lagenidium giganteum, mycelium or oospores.
226300.......... Colletotrichum gloeosporioides spores.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Shaughnessey codes and chemical names are taken directly from the
FATES database. Several chemical names are truncated because the
chemical names listed in the FATES database are limited to 60
characters.
Table 4.--PAIs That Are Mixtures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mixtures
Shaughnessey Chemical name1,2 That are
code reserved
------------------------------------------------------------------------
000611.......... Dried blood.............................
002201.......... Sabadilla alkaloids.....................
004301.......... Oil of anise............................ ............
006501.......... Aromatic petroleum derivative solvent...
006602.......... Heavy aromatic naphtha..................
010801.......... Bone oil................................ ............
021901.......... Oil of citronella....................... ............
022003.......... Coal tar................................
025001.......... Coal tar neutral oils...................
025003.......... Creosote oil (Note: Derived from any
source).
025004.......... Coal tar creosote.......................
031601.......... Lanolin................................. ............
031602.......... Cottonseed oil.......................... ............
031605.......... Soybean oil............................. ............
031607.......... Ethoxylated lanolin..................... ............
031801.......... Ammonium salts of C8-18 and C18' fatty
acids.
040501.......... Essential oils.......................... ............
040502.......... Oil of lemongrass....................... ............
040503.......... Oil of eucalyptus....................... ............
040505.......... Cedarwood oil........................... ............
040509.......... Oil of Pennyroyal....................... ............
040517.......... Oil of orange........................... ............
040519.......... Oils, rue............................... ............
055601.......... BNOA....................................
056704.......... Tobacco dust............................ ............
063501.......... Kerosene................................
063502.......... Mineral oil--includes paraffin oil from
063503.
063503.......... Petroleum distillate, oils, solvent, or
hydrocarbons; also p.
063506.......... Mineral spirits.........................
067002.......... Pine oil................................ ............
067003.......... Terpineols (unspec.)....................
067205.......... Pine tar oil............................
067207.......... Ester gum...............................
067209.......... Canadian balsam......................... ............
067302.......... Amines, N-coco alkyltrimethylenedi-,
acetates.
069152.......... Amines, coco alkyl, hydrochlorides......
070801.......... Red Squill glycoside....................
071004.......... Cube Resins other than rotenone.........
071501.......... Ryania speciosa, powdered stems of......
079009.......... Soap....................................
079014.......... Turkey red oil..........................
079021.......... Potassium salts of fatty acids..........
079029.......... Fatty alcohols (52-61% C10, 39-46% C8, 0-
3% C6, 0-3% C12).
[[Page 30237]]
079034.......... Methyl esters of fatty acids (100% C8-
C12).
079059.......... Fatty alcohols (54.5% C10, 45.1% C8,
0.4% C6).
086803.......... Xylene range aromatic solvent...........
105101.......... Putrescent whole egg solids............. ............
107302.......... Polyhedral inclusion bodies of Douglas
fir tussock moth nucl.
107303.......... Polyhedral inclusion bodies of gypsy
moth nucleopolyhedrosis.
107304.......... Polyhedral inclusion bodies of n.
sertifer.
116902.......... Gibberellin A4 mixt. with Gibberellin A7
117001.......... Nosema locustae.........................
128827.......... Garlic oil.............................. ............
128888.......... Lactofen (ANSI).........................
128892.......... Mint Herbs.............................. ............
128893.......... Rosemary Herbs.......................... ............
128894.......... Thyme Herbs............................. ............
128895.......... Clove, Crushed.......................... ............
129029.......... Bergamot Oil............................
129083.......... Sawdust................................. ............
224600.......... Diethanolamides of the fatty acids of
coconut oil (coded 079).
505200.......... Isoparaffinic hydrocarbons..............
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Shaughnessey codes and chemical names are taken directly from the
FATES database. Several chemical names are truncated because the
chemical names listed in the FATES database are limited to 60
characters.
\2\ Two chemicals previously proposed as sanitizer PAIs, essential oils
(Code 40501) and pine oil (Code 67002), are included on this table.
Appendix B.--Sample Regulatory Text Considered for the Final Rule
General Definitions
(g) Sanitizer Products means pesticide products that (1) contain
the sanitizer active ingredients listed in Table 8 of the proposed
regulation and no other active ingredient; or (2) pesticide products
that are intended to disinfect or sanitize, reducing or mitigating
growth or development of microbiological organisms including bacteria,
fungi or viruses on surfaces on surfaces or inanimate objects in the
household and or institutional environment, as provided in the
directions for use on the product label. The only institutional
antimicrobial products which are included by this definition are those
with formulations similar to the household sanitizer products in their
active ingredients and relative concentrations.
(h) Repackaging Establishment means an establishment where the
activity of repackaging agricultural pesticide product into refillable
containers occurs, whose primary business is wholesale or retail sales
and where no pesticide manufacturing, formulating, or packaging occurs.
(i) Interior Cleaning Wastewater Sources means wastewater that is
generated from cleaning or rinsing the interior of pesticide
formulating, packaging or repackaging equipment, or from cleaning or
rinsing the interior of raw materials containers, shipping containers
or bulk storage tanks.
(j) Pool Chemicals means the pesticide active ingredients that are
listed in Table 2, Appendix A of this notice as pool chemicals.
(k) Microorganisms means registered pesticide active ingredients
that are biological agents listed in 40 CFR 150.20 (a)(3) including
Eucaryotes (protozoa, algae and fungi), Procaryotes (bacteria) and
Viruses and/or are listed in Table 3, Appendix A of this notice.
(l) Mixtures means the pesticide active ingredients listed in Table
4, Appendix A of this notice.
Subcategory C--PFPR and PFPR/Manufacturers
Applicability; Description of the Pesticide Chemicals Formulating,
Packaging and Repackaging Subcategory
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to discharges
resulting from all pesticide formulating, packaging and repackaging
operations except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of this
section.
(b) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to repackaging of
agricultural pesticides performed at repackaging establishments, as
defined in the General Definitions Section. (See Subpart E for
provisions that apply to repackaging establishments.)
(c) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to wastewater
discharges from the operation of employee showers and laundry
facilities; testing fire protection equipment, safety shower and eye
washes; storm water; DOT aerosol leak test bath water from a non-
continuous overflow bath (batch bath) where from the time of the last
water change-out no leaks have been detected or where cans have not
burst; and on-site laboratory wastewaters from cleaning analytical
equipment. [This does not exclude the retain batch sample being tested
or the water used to clean the container used to bring this sample into
the laboratory.]
(d) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to wastewater
discharges from the formulation, packaging and or repackaging of
sanitizer products, pool chemicals, microorganisms and mixtures, as
defined under General Definitions.
Specialized Definitions for Subcategory C
For Indirect Dischargers
Pollution prevention allowable discharge (excluding interior
wastewaters, leak/spill cleanup water and floor wash) means: the
quantity of/concentrations in PFPR process wastewaters that remain
after a facility has demonstrated that it is using the specified
practices of the Pollution Prevention Alternative as listed.
Pollution prevention allowable discharge for interior wastewaters,
leak/spill cleanup water, and floor wash means: the quantity of/
concentrations in PFPR process wastewaters that remain after a facility
has demonstrated that it is using the specified practices of the
Pollution Prevention Alternative as listed and that have been
pretreated using appropriate pollution control technologies which can
be used individually or in conjunction with one another as listed in
Appendix C, or an [[Page 30238]] equivalent system to achieve a
sufficient level of pollutant reduction. Facilities must demonstrate
that the appropriate pollution control technology is properly
maintained and operated.
For Direct Dischargers
Pollution prevention allowable discharge (for PFPR/Manufacturers)
means: the quantity of/concentrations in all PFPR process wastewaters
that remain after a facility has demonstrated that it is using the
specified practices of the Pollution Prevention Alternative as listed
and that have been treated using appropriate pollution control
technologies which can be used individually or in conjunction with
Manufacturer's treatment systems or one another as listed in Appendix
C, or an equivalent system to achieve a sufficient level of pollutant
reduction. Facilities must demonstrate that the appropriate pollution
control technology is properly maintained and operated.
The following provisions apply to existing and new indirect
discharge PFPR and PFPR/Manufacturers:
Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) for Subcategory C
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any
existing source subject to this subpart which introduces pollutants
into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403
and achieve the pretreatment standards for existing sources as follows:
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.
(b) Any pesticides formulating, packaging and repackaging facility
may use the Pollution Prevention Alternative when it demonstrates that
it has met the requirements of the Pollution Prevention Alternative
listed on Table B-1 and Table B-2 (or received a modification for
requirements on Table B-2) and has notified the pretreatment authority
of their intent and has made a written statement of certification to be
kept on-site concerning these practices and has kept any necessary
paperwork on-site and readily available for pretreatment authorities.
This paperwork shall: (1) Describe the facility specific practices
which are to be practiced as part of the Pollution Prevention
Alternative; (2) describe any justification allowing modification to
practices listed on Table B-2; (3) include a written discussion
demonstrating that the treatment system being used contains the
appropriate treatment technologies for removing PAIs; (4) establish a
method for demonstrating to the pretreatment authority that the
treatment system is well operated and maintained; and (5) include a
discussion of the rationale for choosing the method of demonstration.
Any wastewater from the formulating, packaging and repackaging of
pesticides at any existing facility which has been described in this
paragraph and which introduces pollutants into a publicly owned
treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
pretreatment standards for existing sources as follows: There shall be
allowed a pollution prevention allowable discharge of wastewater
pollutants, as defined in the Specialized Definition Section.
Pretreatment Standards for New Sources (PSNS) for Subcategory C
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any new
source subject to this subpart which introduces pollutants into a
publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and
achieve the pretreatment standards for new sources as follows: There
shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.
(b) Any new pesticides formulating, packaging and repackaging
facility may use the Pollution Prevention Alternative when it
demonstrates that it has met the requirements of the Pollution
Prevention Alternative listed on Table B-1 and Table B-2 (or received a
modification for requirements on Table B-2) and has notified the
pretreatment authority of their intent and has made a written statement
of certification to be kept on-site concerning these practices and has
kept any necessary paperwork on-site and readily available for
pretreatment authorities. This paperwork shall: (1) describe the
facility specific practices which are to be practiced as part of the
Pollution Prevention Alternative; (2) describe any justification
allowing modification to practices listed on Table B-2; (3) include a
written discussion demonstrating that the treatment system being used
contains the appropriate treatment technologies for removing PAIs; (4)
establish a method for demonstrating to the pretreatment authority that
the treatment system is well operated and maintained; and (5) include a
discussion of the rationale for choosing the method of demonstration.
Any wastewater from the formulating, packaging and repackaging of
pesticides at any new facility which has been described in this
paragraph and which introduces pollutants into a publicly owned
treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
pretreatment standards for new sources as follows: There shall be
allowed a pollution prevention allowable discharge of wastewater
pollutants, as defined in the Specialized Definitions Section.
[[Page 30239]] The following provisions apply to existing and new
direct discharge PFPR/Manufacturers only:
Effluent Limitations Guidelines Representing the Degree of Effluent
Reduction Attainable by the Application of the Best Available
Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) for Subcategory C
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, and as
provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any existing point source
subject to this subpart which must achieve effluent limitations
representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the
application of the best available technology economically achievable:
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.
(b) Any existing pesticides formulating, packaging and repackaging
facility may use the Pollution Prevention Alternative when it
demonstrates that it has met the requirements of the Pollution
Prevention Alternative listed on Table B-1 and Table B-2 (or received a
modification for requirements on Table B-2) and has notified their
NPDES permit writer at renewal or modification of their permit and has
kept any necessary paperwork on-site and readily available for the
permitting authority. This paperwork shall: (1) Describe the facility
specific practices which are to be practiced as part of the Pollution
Prevention Alternative; (2) describe any justification allowing
modification to practices listed on Table B-2; (3) include a written
discussion demonstrating that the treatment system being used contains
the appropriate treatment technologies for removing PAIs; (4) establish
a method for demonstrating to the pretreatment authority that the
treatment system is well operated and maintained; and (5) include a
discussion of the rationale for choosing the method of demonstration.
Any existing source must achieve effluent limitations representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best
available technology economically achievable: There shall be allowed a
pollution prevention allowable discharge of wastewater pollutants, as
defined in the Specialized Definition Section.
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for Subcategory C
(a) Any new source, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this
section, subject to this subpart which discharges process wastewater
must meet the following standards: There shall be no discharge of
process wastewater.
(b) Any new pesticides formulating, packaging and repackaging
facility may use the Pollution Prevention Alternative when it
demonstrates that it has met the requirements of the Pollution
Prevention Alternative listed on Table B-1 and Table B-2 (or received a
modification for requirements on Table B-2) and has notified the NPDES
permit writer through the application process and has kept any
necessary paperwork on-site and readily available for permitting
authorities. This paperwork shall: (1) Describe the facility specific
practices which are to be practiced as part of the Pollution Prevention
Alternative; (2) describe any justification allowing modification to
practices listed on Table B-2; (3) include a written discussion
demonstrating that the treatment system being used contains the
appropriate treatment technologies for removing PAIs; (4) establish a
method for demonstrating to the pretreatment authority that the
treatment system is well operated and maintained; and (5) include a
discussion of the rationale for choosing the method of demonstration.
Any wastewater from the formulating, packaging and repackaging of
pesticides at any new facility which has been described in this
paragraph which discharges process wastewater must meet the following
standards: There shall be allowed a pollution prevention allowable
discharge of wastewater pollutants, as defined in the Specialized
Definition Section.
Subcategory E--Repackaging of Agricultural Pesticides Performed by
Repackaging Establishments
Applicability; Description of the Repackaging Establishment Subcategory
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to discharges
resulting from all repackaging of agricultural pesticide products into
refillable containers that occurs at repackaging establishments, as
defined in the General Definitions Section except as provided in
paragraphs (b), and (c) of this section.
(b) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to wastewater
discharges from the operation of employee showers and laundry
facilities; and testing of fire protection equipment, safety showers
and eye washes.
(c) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to wastewater
discharges from the repackaging of microorganisms, as defined under
General Definitions.
[[Page 30240]]
Table B-1.--List of Pollution Prevention Alternative Practices
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Must use spray nozzles on hoses used for rinsing (or other flow
reduction devices).
2. Must practice good housekeeping:
(1) perform preventative maintenance on all valves and fittings and
repair leaky valves and fittings in a timely manner;
(2) use drip pans under leaky valves/fittings, collect for reuse
when possible; and
(3) perform quick cleanup of leaks and spills in outdoor bulk
storage or process areas.
3. When performing drum rinsing (of liquid PAI or inert) for formulation
of water-based products
Must reuse the drum/shipping container rinsate DIRECTLY into the
formulation at the time of formulation, store for use in next
formulation or use staged drum rinsing station (counter current
rinsing).
4. If all interior rinsate cannot be reused for a reason listed in Table
B-2, # 5,
Must dedicate some equipment in at least one of the ways listed
below.
Dedicate to:
(a) frequently produced product (i.e., top production product);
(b) hard to clean products (i.e., viscous, sticky, colored
products)
(c) product families
(d) a portion of the formulating/packaging equipment (i.e., just
the mix tank or just the agitator)
5. Must sweep or vacuum dry production areas prior to rinsing with
water.
6. If operating air pollution control wet scrubbers must operate as
recirculating scrubbers (periodic blowdown is allowed as needed).
7. If operating continuous overflow Department of Transportation (DOT)
aerosol leak test baths must operate with some recirculation.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
(1) After following the practices above, some wastewaters may require
treatment prior to discharge to POTWs. See definition of pollution
prevention allowable discharge.
(2) After following the practices above, all wastewaters require
treatment prior to discharge directly to the nation's waters. See
definition of pollution prevention allowable discharge.
Table B-2.--List For Pollution Prevention Alternative--Other Practices
[May be modified with acceptable justification]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
A modification to the list of practices on this table that an individual
facility must comply with to be eligible for the pollution prevention
alternative is allowed with acceptable justification. A modification,
for purposes of this table, means that a facility would no longer have
to perform a listed practice or would need to comply with a modified
practice. However, the modification only applies to the specific
practice for which the modification has been justified and to no other
listed practices. Facilities are required to thoroughly discuss all
modifications in the ``necessary'' paperwork as described above in the
limitations and standards.
1. When performing drum rinsing (of liquid PAI or inert) for formulation
of solvent-based products ----
Must reuse the drum/shipping container rinsate (solvent) DIRECTLY
into the formulation at the time of formulation or store for use in
next formulation.
[Modification allowed when: drums are going to a drum refurbisher/
recycler and they will only accept drums rinsed with water.]
2. Must use low volume/high pressure rinsing equipment for rinsing PFPR
equipment interiors when rinsing with water.
[Modification allowed when: rinsing narrow transfer lines or piping
where sufficient rinsing is better achieved by flushing with
water.]
3. Must use a floor scrubbing machine to clean floors in liquid
production areas.
[Modification allowed when: facility has uneven floor surfaces or
crowded areas where floor scrubber cannot fit, BUT must then use a
mop and bucket.]
4. Must dedicate PFPR production equipment by water-based versus solvent-
based products.
[Modification allowed when: facility can provide evidence, such as
production information, of infrequent/very intermittent formulation
of one or the other or facility has installed and is using a
solvent recovery system.]
5. Must store the rinsate from interior rinsing for future formulation
of SAME or compatible product.
[Modification allowed when:
(a) evidence of biological growth or other product deterioration
over typical storage period;
(b) space limitations, BUT must still store rinsates for most
frequently produced products;
(c) manufacturer (or formulator contracting for toll
formulating) has directed otherwise (i.e., send back to them or
send for off-site disposal); or
(d) facility is dropping registration or production of
formulation at the facility after present campaign;
(e) facility only performs packaging of the pesticide product
from which interior rinsate is generated.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
(1) After following the practices above, some wastewaters may require
treatment prior to discharge to POTWs. See definition of pollution
prevention allowable discharge.
(2) After following the practices above, all wastewaters require
treatment prior to discharge directly to the nation's waters. See
definition of pollution prevention allowable discharge.
Appendix C--List of PAI Specific Treatment Technologies
This Appendix C contains those pollutant control technologies, such
as hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, metals precipitation and activated
carbon adsorption, which have been used for estimating compliance costs
on a PAI specific basis. In general, these treatment technologies have
been determined to be effective in treating pesticide containing
wastewaters in literature, in bench or pilot scale treatability studies
or in the Pesticide Manufacturing effluent guidelines.1 These are
the same technologies that were presented as part of the Universal
Treatment System at the time of proposal. However, these technologies
are PAI specific and may need to be used in conjunction with one
another to provide treatment for all PAIs used at a facility over a
period of time. In addition, facilities may experience difficulties
treating wastewaters that contain emulsions, therefore, ``appropriate''
treatment for emulsified wastewaters must include an emulsion breaking
step. [Note: EPA has costed facilities for these types of dynamic
treatment needs.] [[Page 30241]]
\1\ EPA is still determining the appropriate treatment
technologies for a number of inorganic pesticide chemicals.
Activated carbon (AC) adsorption was only used to provide a
conservative cost estimate. Therefore, listed technologies for such
PAIs are subject to change for final promulgation.
Table C-1.--Table of Treatability Information for the 272 PAIs and the Non-272 PAIs Listed in the 1988 FATES
Database \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Treatment
PAI name \2\ PAI Shaughnessy PAI classification Structural group technology bases Inert \7\
code code \4\ \5\ \5\ for cost \6\
---------------------\3\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dicofol.......... 001 10501 .................. DDT............. Hydrolysis...... ............
Maleic Hydrazide. 002 51501 .................. Hydrazide....... Activated Carbon ............
EDB.............. 003 42002 .................. EDB............. Activated Carbon ............
Vancide TH....... 004 82901 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
1,3-Dichloroprope 005 29001 .................. EDB............. Hydrolysis...... ............
ne.
Thenarsazine 006 12601 .................. Organoarsenic... Precipitation... ............
Oxide.
Dowicil 75....... 007 17901 .................. NR4............. Activated Carbon ............
Triadimefon...... 008 109901 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Hexachlorophene.. 009 44901 .................. Chlorophene..... Activated Carbon ............
Tetrachlorophene. 010 .............. .................. Chlorophene..... Activated Carbon ............
Dichlorophene.... 011 55001 .................. Chlorophene..... Activated Carbon ............
Dichlorvos....... 012 84001 .................. Phosphate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Landrin-2........ 013 .............. .................. Carbamate....... Activated Carbon ............
2,3,6-T, S&E or 014 82605 .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
Fenac.
2,4,5-T and 2,4,5- 015 * .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
T, S&E.
2,4-D (2,4-D, 016 * .................. 2,4-D........... Chemical ............
S&E). Oxidation.
2,4-DB, S&E...... 017 * .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
Dyrene or 018 80811 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Anilazine.
Dinocap.......... 019 36001 .................. Phenylcrotonate. Activated Carbon ............
Dichloran or DCNA 020 31301 .................. Aryl Halide..... Activated Carbon ............
Busan 90......... 021 8707 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Mevinphos........ 022 15801 .................. Phosphate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Sulfallate....... 023 .............. .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Chlorfenvinphos.. 024 84101 .................. Phosphate....... Activated Carbon ............
Cyanazine or 025 100101 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Bladex.
Propachlor....... 026 19101 .................. Acetanilide..... Activated Carbon ............
MCPA, S&E........ 027 * .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
Octhilinone...... 028 99901 .................. Heterocyclic.... Activated Carbon ............
Pindone.......... 029 67703 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Dichlorprop, S&E. 030 * .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
MCPP, S&E or 031 * .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
Mecoprop.
Thiabendazole.... 032 60101 .................. Heterocyclic.... Activated Carbon ............
Belclene 310..... 033 80815 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Chlorprop, S&E... 034 21202 .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
Busan 72 or TCMTB 035 35603 .................. Heterocyclic.... Hydrolysis...... ............
Chlorophacinone.. 037 67707 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Landrin-1........ 038 .............. .................. Carbamate....... Activated Carbon ............
Pronamide........ 039 101701 .................. Chlorobenzamide. Activated Carbon ............
Methiocarb or 040 100501 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Mesurol.
Propanil......... 041 28201 .................. Chloropropionani Activated Carbon ............
lide.
Polyphase........ 042 107801 .................. Carbamate....... Activated Carbon ............
Coumafuryl or 043 86001 .................. Coumarin........ Activated Carbon ............
Fumarin.
DNOC............. 044 .............. .................. Phenol.......... Activated Carbon ............
Metribuzin....... 045 101101 .................. Triazathione.... Activated Carbon ............
CPA, S&E......... 046 * .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
MCPB, S&E........ 047 19202 .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
Aminocarb........ 048 .............. .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Etridiazole...... 049 84701 .................. Heterocyclic.... Activated Carbon ............
Ethoxyquin....... 050 55501 .................. Quinolin........ Activated Carbon ............
Acephate or 052 103301 .................. Phosphoroamidoth Activated Carbon ............
Orthene. ioate.
[[Page 30242]]
Acifluorfen...... 053 114402 .................. Benzoic Acid.... Activated Carbon ............
Alachlor......... 054 90501 .................. Acetanilide..... Activated Carbon ............
Aldicarb......... 055 98301 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Allethrin........ 057 * .................. Pyrethrin....... Activated Carbon ............
Ametryn.......... 058 80801 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Amitraz.......... 059 106201 .................. Iminamide....... Activated Carbon ............
Atrazine......... 060 80803 .................. s-Triazine...... Hydrolysis...... ............
Bendiocarb....... 061 105201 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Benomyl.......... 062 99101 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
BHC.............. 063 .............. .................. Lindane......... Hydrolysis...... ............
Benzyl Benzoate.. 064 9501 .................. Ester........... Activated Carbon ............
Lethane 60....... 065 .............. .................. Thiocyanate..... Activated Carbon ............
Bifenox.......... 066 104301 .................. Nitrobenzoate... Activated Carbon ............
Biphenyl......... 067 17002 .................. Aryl............ Activated Carbon ............
Bromacil (Lithium 068 * .................. Uracil.......... Activated Carbon ............
Salt).
Bromoxynil....... 069 * .................. Benzonitrile.... Activated Carbon ............
Butachlor........ 070 .............. .................. Acetanilide..... Activated Carbon ............
Giv-gard......... 071 101401 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Cacodylic Acid... 072 * .................. Organoarsenic... Precipitation... ............
Captafol......... 073 .............. .................. Phthalimide..... Hydrolysis...... ............
Captan........... 074 81301 .................. Phthalimide..... Hydrolysis...... ............
Carbaryl......... 075 56801 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Carbofuran....... 076 90601 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Carbosulfan...... 077 .............. .................. Carbamate....... Activated Carbon ............
Chloramben....... 078 * .................. Benzoic Acid.... Activated Carbon ............
Chlordane........ 079 58201 .................. Tricyclic....... Activated Carbon ............
Chloroneb........ 080 27301 .................. Aryl Halide..... Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Chloropicrin..... 081 81501 .................. Alkyl Halide.... Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Chlorothalonil... 082 81901 .................. Chloropropionani Activated Carbon ............
lide.
Chloroxuron...... 083 .............. .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Stirofos......... 084 83701 .................. Phosphate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Chlorpyrifos 085 59102 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Methyl.
Chlorpyrifos..... 086 59101 .................. Phosphorothioate Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Mancozeb......... 087 14504 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Bioquin (Copper). 088 24002 .................. Organocopper.... Precipitation... ............
Copper EDTA...... 089 39105 .................. Organocopper.... Precipitation... ............
Pydrin or 090 109301 .................. Pyrethrin....... Activated Carbon ............
Fenvalerate.
Cycloheximide.... 091 .............. .................. Cyclic Ketone... Activated Carbon ............
Dalapon.......... 092 * .................. Alkyl Halide.... Activated Carbon ............
Dienochlor....... 093 27501 .................. HCp............. Activated Carbon ............
Demeton.......... 094 .............. .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Desmedipham...... 095 104801 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Amobam........... 096 .............. .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
DBCP............. 097 .............. .................. EDB............. Activated Carbon ............
Dicamba.......... 098 * .................. Aryl Halide..... Activated Carbon ............
Dichlone......... 099 29601 .................. Quinone......... Activated Carbon ............
Thiophanate Ethyl 100 103401 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Perthane......... 101 .............. .................. DDT............. Activated Carbon ............
EXD.............. 102 .............. .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Diazinon......... 103 57801 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Diflubenzuron.... 104 108201 .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Dimethoate....... 106 35001 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Parathion Methyl. 107 53501 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Dicrotophos...... 108 35201 .................. Phosphate....... Activated Carbon ............
Crotoxyphos...... 109 58801 .................. Phosphate....... Activated Carbon ............
DCPA............. 110 78701 .................. Aryl Halide..... Activated Carbon ............
Trichlorofon..... 111 57901 .................. Phosphonate..... Activated Carbon ............
Dinoseb.......... 112 37505 .................. Phenol.......... Activated Carbon ............
Dioxathion....... 113 37801 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Diphacinone...... 114 67701 .................. Indandione...... Activated Carbon ............
Diphenamide...... 115 36601 .................. Acetamide....... Activated Carbon ............
Diphenylamine.... 116 38501 .................. Aryl Amine...... Activated Carbon ............
MGK 326.......... 117 47201 .................. Ester........... Activated Carbon ............
Nabonate......... 118 63301 .................. Isocyanate...... Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Diuron........... 119 35505 .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Metasol DGH...... 120 44303 .................. NR4............. Activated Carbon ............
Dodine........... 121 44301 .................. NR4............. Activated Carbon ............
Endosulfan....... 122 79401 .................. Tricyclic....... Activated Carbon ............
Endothall 123 * .................. Bicyclic........ Activated Carbon ............
(Endothall S&E).
[[Page 30243]]
Endrin........... 124 41601 .................. Tricyclic....... Activated Carbon ............
Ethalfluralin.... 125 113101 .................. Toluidine....... Activated Carbon ............
Ethion........... 126 58401 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Ethoprop......... 127 41101 .................. Phosphorodithioa Activated Carbon ............
te.
Fenamiphos....... 128 100601 .................. Phosphoroamidate Activated Carbon ............
Chlorobenzilate.. 129 28801 .................. Aryl Halide..... Activated Carbon ............
Butylate......... 130 41405 .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
Famphur.......... 131 .............. .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Fenarimol........ 132 206600 .................. Pyrimidine...... Activated Carbon ............
Fenthion or 133 53301 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Baytex.
Ferbam........... 134 34801 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Fluometuron...... 135 35503 .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Fluoroacetamide.. 136 .............. .................. Acetamide....... Activated Carbon ............
Folpet........... 137 81601 .................. Phthalimide..... Hydrolysis...... ............
Glyphosate 138 * .................. Phosphoroamidate Chemical ............
(Glyphosate S&E). Oxidation.
Glyphosine....... 139 .............. .................. Phosphoroamidate Activated Carbon ............
Heptachlor....... 140 44801 .................. Tricyclic....... Activated Carbon ............
Cycloprate....... 141 .............. .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
Hexazinone....... 142 107201 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Isofenphos....... 143 109401 .................. Phosphoroa Activated Carbon ............
midothioate.
Isopropalin...... 144 100201 .................. Toluidine....... Activated Carbon ............
Propham.......... 145 .............. .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Karabutilate..... 146 97401 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Lindane.......... 147 9001 .................. Lindane......... Activated Carbon ............
Linuron.......... 148 35506 .................. Urea............ Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Malachite Green.. 149 39504 .................. NR4............. Activated Carbon ............
Malathion........ 150 57701 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Maneb............ 151 14505 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Manam............ 152 .............. .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Mefluidide....... 153 114002 .................. Carbamate....... Activated Carbon ............
Methamidophos.... 154 101201 .................. Phosphoroamidoth Activated Carbon ............
ioate.
Methidathion..... 155 100301 .................. Phosphorodithioa Activated Carbon ............
te.
Methomyl......... 156 90301 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Methoprene....... 157 * .................. Ester........... Activated Carbon ............
Methoxychlor..... 158 34001 .................. DDT............. Hydrolysis...... ............
Methyl Bromide... 160 53201 .................. Alkyl Halide.... Activated Carbon ............
Monosodium Methyl 161 * .................. Organoarsenic... Precipitation... ............
Arsenate.
Nalco D-2303..... 163 68102 .................. Thiocyanate..... Activated Carbon ............
Quinomethionate.. 164 54101 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Metolachlor...... 165 108801 .................. Acetanilide..... Activated Carbon ............
Mexacarbate...... 166 .............. .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Metiram.......... 167 14601 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Monuron TCA...... 168 35502 .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Monuron.......... 169 35501 .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Napropamide...... 170 103001 .................. Carbamate....... Activated Carbon ............
Deet............. 171 80301 .................. Toluamide....... Activated Carbon ............
Nabam............ 172 14503 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Naled............ 173 34401 .................. Phosphate....... Hydrolysis......
Norea............ 174 .............. .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Norflurazon...... 175 105801 .................. Heterocyclic.... Activated Carbon ............
Naptalam or 176 30703 .................. Phthalamide..... Activated Carbon ............
Neptalam.
MGK 264.......... 177 57001 .................. Bicyclic........ Activated Carbon ............
Benfluralin...... 178 84301 .................. Toluidine....... Activated Carbon ............
Sulfotepp........ 179 79501 .................. Phosphorothioate Activated Carbon ............
Aspon............ 180 .............. .................. Phosphorothioate Activated Carbon ............
Coumaphos........ 181 36501 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Fensulfothion.... 182 32701 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Disulfoton....... 183 32501 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Fenitrothion..... 184 105901 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Phosmet.......... 185 59201 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Azinphos Methyl 186 58001 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
(Guthion). te.
Oxydemeton Methyl 187 58702 .................. Phosphorothioate Activated Carbon ............
Organo-Arsenic 188 .............. .................. Organoarsenic... Precipitation... ............
Pesticides.
Organo-Cadmium 189 .............. .................. Organocadmium... Precipitation... ............
Pesticides.
[[Page 30244]]
Organo-Copper 190 * .................. Organocopper.... Precipitation... ............
Pesticides.
Organo-Mercury 191 * .................. Organomercury... Precipitation... ............
Pesticides.
Organo-Tin 192 * .................. Organotin....... Precipitation... ............
Pesticides.
o-Dichlorobenzene 193 59401 .................. Aryl Halide..... Activated Carbon ............
Oryzalin......... 194 104201 .................. Sulfanilamide... Activated Carbon ............
Oxamyl........... 195 103801 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Oxyfluorfen...... 196 111601 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Bolstar.......... 197 111501 .................. Phosphorodithioa Activated Carbon ............
te.
Sulprofos Oxon... 198 .............. .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Santox (EPN)..... 199 41801 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Fonofos.......... 200 41701 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Propoxur......... 201 47802 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
p-Dichlorobenzene 202 61501 .................. Aryl Halide..... Activated Carbon ............
Parathion Ethyl.. 203 57501 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Pendimethalin.... 204 108501 .................. Benzeneamine.... Activated Carbon ............
PCNB............. 205 56502 .................. Aryl Halide..... Activated Carbon ............
PCP or Penta..... 206 * .................. Phenol.......... Activated Carbon ............
Perfluidone...... 207 .............. .................. Sulfonamide..... Activated Carbon ............
Permethrin....... 208 109701 .................. Pyrethrin....... Activated Carbon ............
Phenmedipham..... 209 98701 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Nemazine......... 210 64501 .................. Heterocyclic.... Activated Carbon ............
Phorate.......... 212 57201 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Phosalone........ 213 97701 .................. Phosphorodithioa Hydrolysis...... ............
te.
Phosphamidon..... 214 18201 .................. Phosphate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Picloram......... 215 * .................. Pyridine........ Activated Carbon ............
Piperonyl 216 67501 .................. Ester........... Activated Carbon ............
Butoxide.
PBED or WSCP 217 69183 .................. NR4............. Activated Carbon ............
(Busan 77).
Busan 85 or 218 34803 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Chemical ............
Arylane. Oxidation.
Busan 40......... 219 102901 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Chemical ............
Oxidation.
KN Methyl........ 220 39002 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Metasol J26...... 221 101301 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Profenofos....... 222 111401 .................. Phosphorothioate Activated Carbon ............
Prometon or 223 80804 .................. s-Triazine...... Chemical ............
Caparol. Oxidation.
Prometryn........ 224 80805 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Propargite....... 225 97601 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Propazine........ 226 80808 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Propionic Acid... 227 77702 .................. Alkyl Acid...... Activated Carbon ............
Previcur N....... 228 119301 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Pyrethrin Coils.. 229 69004 .................. Pyrethrin....... Activated Carbon ............
Pyrethrum I...... 230 69001 .................. Pyrethrin....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Pyrethrum II..... 231 69002 .................. Pyrethrin....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Pyrethrins....... 232 * .................. Pyrethrin....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Resmethrin....... 233 * .................. Pyrethrin....... Activated Carbon ............
Fenchlorphos or 234 58301 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Ronnel.
Mexide or 235 71003 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Rotenone.
DEF.............. 236 74801 .................. Phosphorotrithio Activated Carbon ............
ate.
Siduron or 237 35509 .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Tupersan.
Silvex........... 238 * .................. 2,4-D........... Activated Carbon ............
Simazine......... 239 80807 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Sodium Bentazon.. 240 103901 .................. Heterocyclic.... Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Carbam-S or Sodam 241 34804 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Sodium 242 75003 .................. Acetamide....... Activated Carbon ............
Fluoroacetate.
Vapam or Metham 243 39003 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Chemical ............
Sodium. Oxidation.
Sulfoxide........ 244 57101 .................. Miscellaneous... Activated Carbon ............
Cycloate or Ro- 245 41301 .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
Neet.
EPrecipitationC 246 41401 .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
or Eptam.
Molinate......... 247 41402 .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
Pebulate or 248 41403 .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
Tillman.
Vernolate or 249 41404 .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
Vernam.
HPrecipitationMS. 250 35604 .................. Thiosulphonate.. Activated Carbon ............
Bensulide or 251 9801 .................. Phosphorodithioa Activated Carbon ............
Betesan. te.
Tebuthiuron...... 252 105501 .................. Urea............ Activated Carbon ............
Temephos......... 253 59001 .................. Phosphorothioate Hydrolysis...... ............
Terbacil......... 254 12701 .................. Uracil.......... Activated Carbon ............
Terbufos or 255 105001 .................. Phosphorodithioa Activated Carbon ............
Counter. te.
[[Page 30245]]
Terbuthylazine... 256 80814 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Terbutryn........ 257 80813 .................. s-Triazine...... Activated Carbon ............
Tetrachlorophenol 258 63004 .................. Phenol.......... Activated Carbon ............
Dazomet.......... 259 35602 .................. Heterocyclic.... Chemical ............
Oxidation.
Thiophanate 260 102001 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Methyl.
Thiram........... 261 79801 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Toxaphene........ 262 80501 .................. Bicyclic........ Activated Carbon ............
Merphos.......... 263 74901 .................. Phosphorotrithio Hydrolysis...... ............
ate.
Trifluralin or 264 36101 .................. Toluidine....... Activated Carbon ............
Treflan.
Warfarin......... 265 * .................. Coumarin........ Activated Carbon ............
Zinc MBT......... 266 51705 .................. Organozinc...... Precipitation... ............
Zineb............ 267 14506 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Ziram............ 268 34805 .................. Dithiocarbamate. Activated Carbon ............
Triallate........ 269 78802 .................. Thiocarbamate... Activated Carbon ............
Phenothrin....... 270 69005 .................. Pyrethrin....... Activated Carbon ............
Tetramethrin..... 271 69003 .................. Pyrethrin....... Activated Carbon ............
Chloropropham.... 272 18301 .................. Carbamate....... Hydrolysis...... ............
Non-272 PAIs..... ....... .............. .................. ................ ................ ............
CFC 11........... ....... 13 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
CFC 12........... ....... 14 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Gluconic acid.... ....... 104 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Polyethylene..... ....... 152 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Hydrogen peroxide ....... 595 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Acrolein......... ....... 701 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dimethyl-m-dioxan- ....... 1001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
4-ol acetate.
Ethyl alcohol.... ....... 1501 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Dodecyl alcohol.. ....... 1509 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tetradecyl ....... 1510 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
alcohol.
Rosin amine D ....... 4201 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
Ethylenediamine.. ....... 4205 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Triethanolamine.. ....... 4208 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dihydroabietylami ....... 4213 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ne acetate.
Amitrole......... ....... 4401 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Allyl ....... 4901 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
isothiocyanate.
AMS.............. ....... 5501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Calcium sulfate.. ....... 5602 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tartar emetic.... ....... 6201 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Diphenylstibene 2- ....... 6202 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
ethylhexanoate.
Streptomycin..... ....... 6306 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Oxytetracycline ....... 6308 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydrochloride.
Streptomycin ....... 6310 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sesquisulfate.
Neomycin sulfate. ....... 6313 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Antimycin A...... ....... 6314 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
1,3-Dibromo-5,5- ....... 6317 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
dimethylhydantoi
n.
Calcium ....... 6321 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
oxytetracycline.
Espesol 3A....... ....... 6601 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Arsenic acid..... ....... 6801 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Arsenic acid ....... 6802 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
anhydride.
Arsenous acid ....... 7001 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
anhydride.
Copper ....... 8001 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
oxychloride.
Basic cupric ....... 8101 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
sulfate.
Bromine.......... ....... 8701 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bromophos........ ....... 8706 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Benzyl ....... 8710 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
bromoacetate.
Benzoic acid..... ....... 9101 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Benzyl diethyl ....... 9106 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
((2,6-
xylylcarbamoyl)m
ethyl) ammonium
benzoat.
Benzyl alcohol... ....... 9502 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ammonium oxalate. ....... 9603 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ammonium oxalate. ....... 9603 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
3-Chloro-p- ....... 9901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
toluidine
hydrochloride.
[[Page 30246]]
Butoxyethoxy)ethy ....... 10002 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
l thiocyanate.
2-Naphthol....... ....... 10301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Boric acid....... ....... 11001 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Barium metaborate ....... 11101 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Borax............ ....... 11102 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon I
Boron sodium ....... 11103 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
oxide (B8
Na2O13),
tetrahydrate
(12280-03-4).
Sodium metaborate ....... 11104 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(NaBO2).
Boron sodium ....... 11107 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
oxide (B8
Na2O13) (12008-
41-2).
Boron sodium ....... 11110 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
oxide (B4Na2O7),
pentahydrate
(12179-04-3).
Boron sodium ....... 11112 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
oxide (B4Na2O7)
(1330-43-4).
Polybutene....... ....... 11402 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Polyisobutylene.. ....... 11403 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Butyl cellosolve. ....... 11501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ethanolamine..... ....... 11601 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Butoxypolypropyle ....... 11901 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
ne glycol.
Neburon (ANSI)... ....... 12001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Methyltrimethylen ....... 12401 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
edioxy)bis(4-
methyl-1,3,2-
dioxaborinane).
Oxybis(4,4,6- ....... 12402 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon
trimethyl-1,3,2-
dioxaborinane).
Cadmium chloride. ....... 12902 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Lead arsenate, ....... 13502 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
basic.
Lead arsenate.... ....... 13503 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Sodium arsenate.. ....... 13505 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Sodium arsenite.. ....... 13603 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Potassium bromide ....... 13903 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium chloride.. ....... 13905 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon I
Aluminum sulfate. ....... 13906 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium bromide... ....... 13907 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Camphor.......... ....... 15602 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Carbon........... ....... 16001 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon I
Carbon disulfide. ....... 16401 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Carbon ....... 16501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
tetrachloride.
Dry Ice.......... ....... 16601 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Barban (ANSI).... ....... 17601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chloro-2- ....... 17902 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
propenyl)-3,
5,7,triaza-1-
azoniatricyclo
(3.3.1.1(sup.
Chlormequat ....... 18101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
chloride.
Chloromethoxyprop ....... 18401 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
ylmercuric
acetate.
Allidochlor...... ....... 19301 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chlorine......... ....... 20501 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon
Sodium chlorite.. ....... 20502 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chlorine dioxide. ....... 20503 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bromine chloride. ....... 20504 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chromic acid..... ....... 21101 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Chromic oxide.... ....... 21103 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Citric acid...... ....... 21801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Cresol (unspec) ....... 22101 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(Cresylic acid).
Cresol........... ....... 22102 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Copper (metallic) ....... 22501 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Copper ammonium ....... 22703 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
carbonate.
Copper carbonate. ....... 22901 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
[[Page 30247]]
Copper hydroxide. ....... 23401 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Copper chloride ....... 23501 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
hydroxide
(Cu2Cl(OH)3).
Copper ....... 23503 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
oxychloride
sulfate.
Copper sulfate... ....... 24401 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Copper (from ....... 24403 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
triethanolamine
complex).
Copper as ....... 24405 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
metallic (in the
form of chelates
of copper citrat.
Copper as ....... 24407 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
elemental from
copper--ethylene
diamine complex.
Copper sulfate ....... 24408 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
(anhydrous).
Copper(I) oxide.. ....... 25601 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Cuprous ....... 25602 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
thiocyanate.
Cyclohexane...... ....... 25901 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Cyclohexanone.... ....... 25902 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dichlobenil...... ....... 27401 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dimethyl ....... 28002 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
phthalate.
Dichloro-5,5- ....... 28501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
dimethylhydantoi
n.
Diquat dibromide. ....... 32201 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dimethrin (ANSI). ....... 34101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dicapthon........ ....... 34502 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ziram, ....... 34806 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
cyclohexylamine
complex.
Butyl dimethyl ....... 34807 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
trithioper
oxycarbamate.
Ferric sulfate... ....... 34902 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Daminozide....... ....... 35101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bis(trichloro ....... 35601 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl) sulfone.
Bis(bromoacet ....... 35605 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
oxy)-2-butene.
Dazomet, sodium ....... 35607 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
salt.
Butonate......... ....... 35701 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Trifluoro-4-nitro- ....... 36201 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
m-cresol (**) =
alpha, alpha,
alpha-.
Triethanolamine ....... 37506 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dinoseb (2-sec-
Butyl-4,6-
dinitrophenol).
Sodium 4,6- ....... 37508 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
dinitro-o-
cresylate.
Dinitrophenol.... ....... 37509 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Alkanol* amine ....... 37511 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dinoseb (2-sec-
butyl-4,6-
dinitrophenol)
*(s.
Sodium dinoseb (2- ....... 37512 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sec-Butyl-4,6-
dinitrophenol).
Ethylenediaminete ....... 39101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
traacetic acid.
Ethylenediaminete ....... 39103 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
traacetic acid,
sodium salt.
Nitrilotriacetic ....... 39106 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acid, trisodium
salt.
Tetrasodium ....... 39107 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
ethylenediaminet
etraacetate.
Trisodium (2- ....... 39109 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxyethyl)
ethylenedi
aminetriacetate.
Ethylenediaminete ....... 39110 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
traacetic acid,
trisodium salt.
[[Page 30248]]
Tripotassium ....... 39113 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
ethyl-enediamine
tetraacetate.
Disodium di(2- ....... 39114 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxyethyl)
ethylenediamine
diacetate.
Disodium ethylene ....... 39115 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
diaminetetraacet
ate.
Ammonium ethylene ....... 39117 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
diaminetetraacet
ate.
Pentasodium ....... 39120 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
diethyl
enetriaminepenta
acetate.
Sodium ....... 39122 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
dihydroxyethylgl
ycine.
Ethyl-1,3- ....... 41001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hexanediol.
Ethylene......... ....... 41901 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
EDC.............. ....... 42003 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Methylene ....... 42004 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
chloride.
Methoxyethanol... ....... 42202 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ethylene glycol.. ....... 42203 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Butylene glycol.. ....... 42205 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ethylene oxide... ....... 42301 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Copper(II) oxide. ....... 42401 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Cuprous and ....... 42403 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
cupric oxide,
mixed.
Propylene oxide.. ....... 42501 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Formaldehyde..... ....... 43001 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Paraformaldehyde. ....... 43002 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bis (2-butylene) ....... 43302 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
tetrahydro-2-
furaldehyde.
Gibberellic acid. ....... 43801 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Potassium ....... 43802 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
gibberellate.
Glutaral......... ....... 43901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Copper citrate... ....... 44005 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Sodium diacetate. ....... 44008 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Acetone.......... ....... 44101 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Methyl nonyl ....... 44102 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ketone.
Methyl-2- ....... 44105 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
pentanone.
Monosodium 2, 2'- ....... 44902 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methy
lenebis(3,4,6-
trichlorophenate
).
Potassium 2,2'- ....... 44904 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methylene
bis(3,4,6-tri
chlorophenate).
Hexachloro epoxy ....... 45001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
octahydro-endo,
exo-dimethanona
phthalene 85%.
Chlorhexidine ....... 45502 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
diacetate.
Chlorhexidine ....... 45504 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
digluconate.
Hydrocyanic acid. ....... 45801 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Hydroxyethyl ....... 46301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
octyl sulfide.
Heptadecenyl-2-(2- ....... 46608 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxyethyl)-2-
imidazolinium
chloride.
Hydroxyethyl)-2- ....... 46609 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon
alkyl-2-
imidazoline (as
in fatty acids
of t.
IBA.............. ....... 46701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dihydropyrone.... ....... 46801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Butoxy ....... 46901 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
polypropoxy
polyethoxyet
hanol--iodine
complex.
Nonylp ....... 46903 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon I
henoxypolyet
hoxyethanol--iod
ine complex.
[[Page 30249]]
Polyethoxypoly ....... 46904 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
propoxyet hanol--
iodine complex.
Iodine........... ....... 46905 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Use code no. ....... 46909 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
046904.
Iodine--potassium ....... 46917 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
iodide complex.
Alkyl-omega- ....... 46921 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxypoly
(oxyethy lene)--
iodine complex
*(100%.
Isopropanol...... ....... 47501 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Lead acetate..... ....... 48001 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Ferrous sulfate ....... 50502 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
heptahydrate.
Nickel sulfate ....... 50505 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
hexahydrate.
Ferrous ammonium ....... 50506 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sulfate.
Ferrous sulfate ....... 50507 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon
monohydrate.
Maleic hydrazide, ....... 51502 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
diethanolamine
salt.
Maleic hydrazide, ....... 51503 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
potassium salt.
Menthol.......... ....... 51601 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium 2-mercapto ....... 51704 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
benzothiolate.
Mercuric chloride ....... 52001 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Mercurous ....... 52201 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
chloride.
Metaldehyde...... ....... 53001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Methyl alcohol... ....... 53801 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Methylated ....... 54002 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
naphthalenes.
Chloro-2-(2,4- ....... 54901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dichloro
phenoxy) phenol.
Sodium 2,2'- ....... 55005 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methylenebis (4-
chlorop henate).
Naphthalene...... ....... 55801 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
NAD.............. ....... 56001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
NAA (1-Naph ....... 56002 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
thaleneacetic
Acid).
Potassium 1- ....... 56003 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
naphthale
neacetate.
Ammonium 1- ....... 56004 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
naphthale
neacetate.
Sodium 1- ....... 56007 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
naphthale
neacetate.
Ethyl 1-naphthale ....... 56008 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
neacetate.
Nitrophenol...... ....... 56301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Nicotine......... ....... 56702 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Carbop henothion ....... 58102 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Sodium 5-chloro-2- ....... 58802 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(4-chloro-2-(3-
(3,4-dichlorop
henyl)ureido).
Monocrotophos.... ....... 58901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chlordimeform.... ....... 59701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chlordimeform ....... 59702 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydrochloride.
Thiabendazole ....... 60102 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hypophosphite.
Hexachlorobenzene ....... 61001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Methyl 4- ....... 61201 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxybenzoate.
Butyl paraben.... ....... 61205 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Paraquat ....... 61601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dichloride.
[[Page 30250]]
Potassium 2- ....... 62202 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
benzyl-4-
chlorophenate.
Sodium 2-benzyl-4- ....... 62203 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
chlorophenate.
Chloro-4- ....... 62206 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phenylphenol.
Chloro-2- ....... 62208 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phenylphenol.
Chloro-2- ....... 62209 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
biphenylol,
potassium salt.
Chloro-2- ....... 62210 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phenylphenol.
Chloro-2- ....... 62211 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phenylphenol,
potassium salt.
Peroxyacetic acid ....... 63201 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium phenate... ....... 64002 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Amylphenol....... ....... 64101 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium o- ....... 64104 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phenylphenate.
Phenylphenol, ....... 64108 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
potassium salt.
Amylphenol, ....... 64111 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
potassium salt.
Amylphenol, ....... 64112 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sodium salt.
Butylphenol, ....... 64115 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sodium salt.
Ammonium 2- ....... 64116 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phenylphenate.
Chloro-2- ....... 64202 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
cyclopentylpheno
l.
Bithionolate ....... 64203 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sodium.
Chloro-3-cresol.. ....... 64206 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium 2,4,5- ....... 64217 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
trichlorophenate.
Aluminum ....... 66501 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phosphide.
Phosphorus....... ....... 66502 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Magnesium ....... 66504 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
phosphide.
1-(Alkyl* amino)- ....... 67301 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
3-aminopropane
*(Fatty acids of
coconut oil).
Alkyl* amino)-3- ....... 67305 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
amino propane
*(53% C12, 19%
C14, 8.5% C16,
7% C8.
Alkyl* amino)-3- ....... 67307 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
aminopropane
benzoate* (fatty
acids of coconut.
Alkyl* ....... 67308 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
dipropoxyamine
*(47% C12, 18%
C14, 10% C18, 9%
C10, 8.
Alkyl* amino)-3- ....... 67309 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
aminopropane
hydroxy acetate*
(acids of
coconut.
Alkyl* amino)-3- ....... 67310 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
amino propane*
(42% C12, 26%
C18, 15% C14, 8%
C16.
Alkyl*amino) -3- ....... 67313 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
aminopropane
diacetate*
(fatty acids of
coconu.
Octadecenyl -1,3- ....... 67316 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
propanediamine
monogluconate.
Alkyl* amine ....... 67329 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate *(5% C8,
7% C10, 54% C12,
19% C14, 8% C16.
Pindone sodium ....... 67704 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
salt.
Diphacinone, ....... 67705 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sodium salt.
[[Page 30251]]
Isovaleryl-1,3- ....... 67706 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
indandione,
calcium salt.
Methyl ....... 68103 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
isothiocyanate.
Potassium ....... 68302 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dichromate.
Sodium chromate.. ....... 68303 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium dichromate ....... 68304 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Potassium ....... 68501 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
permanganate.
Propylene glycol. ....... 68603 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dipropylene ....... 68604 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon I
glycol.
Alkenyl* dimethyl ....... 69102 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ethyl ammonium
bromide* (90%
C18', 10% C16').
Alkyl*-N-ethyl ....... 69113 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
morpholinium
ethyl sulfate
*(92% C18, 8%
C16).
Alkyl* ....... 69115 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
isoquinolinium
bromide *(50%
C12, 30% C14,
17% C16, 3.
Alkyl* methyl ....... 69116 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
isoquinolinium
chloride *(55%
C14, 12% C12,
17% C.
Cetyl trimethyl ....... 69117 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ammonium bromide.
Cetyl pyridinium ....... 69118 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
bromide.
Dodecyl dimethyl ....... 69127 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
benzyl ammonium
naphthenate.
Alkyl* dimethyl ....... 69135 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
ethylbenzyl
ammonium
cyclohexyl
sulfamate *(5.
Alkyl* dimethyl ....... 69146 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
ethyl ammonium
bromide *(90%
C14, 5% C16, 5%.
Alkyl*-N-ethyl ....... 69147 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
morpholinium
ethyl sulfate
*(66% C18, 25%
C16,.
Alkyl* trimethyl ....... 69153 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ammonium bromide
*(95% C14, 5%
C16).
Benzyl ....... 69159 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
((dodecylcarbamo
yl) methyl)
dimethyl
ammonium
chloride.
Cetyl pyridinium ....... 69160 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
chloride.
Alkyl* dimethyl ....... 69186 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ethyl ammonium
bromide *(85%
C16, 15% C18).
Cetyl-N-ethylmorp ....... 69187 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
holinium ethyl
sulfate.
Use code no. ....... 69198 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
069102 (Alkenyl*
Dimethyl
Ammonium
bromide).
p-Aminopyridine.. ....... 69201 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Nitrapyrin (ANSI) ....... 69203 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Alkyl pyridines.. ....... 69205 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Pyrazon (ANSI)... ....... 69601 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Capsaicin (in ....... 70701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
oleoresin of
capsicum).
Ryanodine........ ....... 71502 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Silver........... ....... 72501 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Silver chloride.. ....... 72506 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Silica gel....... ....... 72602 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium ....... 72604 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
metasilicate.
[[Page 30252]]
Silicon dioxide.. ....... 72605 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Silver thiuronium ....... 72701 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
acrylate co-
polymer.
Sodium chlorate.. ....... 73301 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Potassium ....... 73504 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
carbonate.
Sodium carbonate. ....... 73506 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium ....... 73507 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
sesquicarbonate.
Calcium cyanide.. ....... 74001 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium cyanide... ....... 74002 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Cryolite......... ....... 75101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium fluoride.. ....... 75202 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ammonium ....... 75301 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
fluosilicate.
Sodium ....... 75306 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
fluosilicate.
Potassium ....... 75602 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxide
(K(OH)).
Sodium hydroxide. ....... 75603 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Calcium oxide.... ....... 75604 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Potassium iodide. ....... 75701 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Potassium ....... 75903 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
tetrathionate.
Potassium nitrate ....... 76103 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium nitrate... ....... 76104 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium nitrite... ....... 76204 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium phosphate ....... 76403 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon I
(Na2H (PO4)).
Sodium ....... 76404 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon I
tripolyphosphate.
Trisodium ....... 76406 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon I
phosphate.
Monosodium ....... 76409 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon I
phosphate.
Benzenesulfonamid ....... 76501 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
e, N-chloro-,
sodium salt.
Methyl salicylate ....... 76601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
Salicylic acid... ....... 76602 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ethoxyethyl p- ....... 76604 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methoxycinnamate.
Calcium ....... 76702 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
polysulfide.
Strychnine....... ....... 76901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Strychnine ....... 76902 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sulfate.
Trichloromelamine ....... 77101 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Niclosamide...... ....... 77401 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dibromosalicylani ....... 77402 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
lide.
Tribromsalan..... ....... 77404 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dibromosalicylani ....... 77405 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
lide.
Chlorosalicylanil ....... 77406 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
ide.
Sulfur........... ....... 77501 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfur dioxide7.. ....... 7601 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfaquinoxaline. ....... 7901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfacetamide.... ....... 7904 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfuric acid.... ....... 78001 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfuryl fluoride ....... 78003 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium bisulfite. ....... 78201 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tetrachloroethyle ....... 78501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ne.
Ethoxylated ....... 79004 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
isooctylphenol.
Polyoxyethylene ....... 79007 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon I
sorbitol, mixed
ether ester.
Sodium ....... 79010 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dodecylbenzene
sulfonate.
Sodium lauryl ....... 79011 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
sulfate.
Lauric ....... 79018 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
diethanolamide.
Sodium ....... 79019 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
xylenesulfonate.
Triethanolamine ....... 79020 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
dodecylbenzene
sulfonate.
Potassium ....... 79022 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
myristate.
Potassium ....... 79023 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
ricinoleate.
Triethanolamine ....... 79025 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
oleate.
Dioctyl sodium ....... 79027 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
sulfosuccinate.
Use code no. ....... 79036 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
069179.
Decanol.......... ....... 79038 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
[[Page 30253]]
Alkyl* ....... 79045 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
diethanolamide
*(70% C12, 30%
C14).
Triethanolamine ....... 79046 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
lauryl sulfate.
Toluene sulfonic ....... 79058 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
acid.
Sulfonated oleic ....... 79064 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acid, sodium
salt.
Tetradecyl ....... 79069 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
formate.
Polyoxyethylene ....... 79075 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
sorbitol oleate-
laurate.
Polyethoxylated ....... 79094 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
stearylamine.
Capric ....... 79099 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
diethanolamide.
Limonene......... ....... 79701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
Calcium ....... 80101 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
thiosulfate.
Ammonium ....... 80103 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
thiosulfate.
Thymoxydi ....... 80401 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
chloroacetic
acid.
Thymol........... ....... 80402 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium ....... 81001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
trichloroacetate.
Trichloroacetic ....... 81002 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acid.
Trichloroethane.. ....... 81201 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Use code no. ....... 82072 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
082053.
Use code no. ....... 82572 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
082555.
Hexahydro-1,3,5- ....... 83301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
tris(2-
hydroxyethyl)-s-
triazine.
Triethylene ....... 83501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
glycol.
2-(Hydroxymethyl)- ....... 83902 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
2-nitro-1,3-
propanediol.
Bomyl............ ....... 84201 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Turpentine....... ....... 84501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chloro-1- (2,5- ....... 84901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dichlorophenyl)
vinyl) O,O-
diethyl
phosphorothi.
Undecylenic acid. ....... 85501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon I
Chloroxylenol.... ....... 86801 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Xylene........... ....... 86802 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
Zinc chloride.... ....... 87801 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Zinc 2- ....... 88002 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
pyridinethiol-1-
oxide.
Hydroxy-2-(1H)- ....... 88004 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
pyridinethione,
sodium salt.
Omadine TBAO..... ....... 88005 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Zinc naphthenate. ....... 88301 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Zinc oxide....... ....... 88502 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Zinc phosphide ....... 88601 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
(Zn3P2).
Zinc phenol ....... 89002 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
sulfonate.
Zinc sulfate, ....... 89101 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
basic.
Dimetilan........ ....... 90101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Carboxin......... ....... 90201 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Oxycarboxin...... ....... 90202 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Benzocaine....... ....... 97001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Piperalin........ ....... 97003 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tetracaine ....... 97005 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydrochloride.
Formetanate ....... 97301 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydrochloride.
Dodecyl benzene ....... 98002 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon I
sulfonic acid.
Azacosterol HCl.. ....... 98101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Use code no. ....... 98401 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
039502.
Ammonium alum.... ....... 98501 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bismuth ....... 98601 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
subgallate.
Chlorflurenol, ....... 98801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl ester.
Benzisothiazolin- ....... 98901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
3-one.
[[Page 30254]]
Methyl 2-benzimi- ....... 99102 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
dazolecarbamate
phosphate.
Ethephon......... ....... 99801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Pentanethiol..... ....... 100701 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Nitrobutyl) ....... 100801 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
morpholine.
Ethyl-2-nitrotri ....... 100802 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methylene)
dimorpholine.
Tolyl ....... 101002 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
diiodomethyl
sulfone.
Isobutyric acid.. ....... 101502 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dibromo-3- ....... 101801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
nitrilopropionam
ide.
Polyethoxylated ....... 101901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
oleylamine.
Dinitramine ....... 102301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Phenylethyl ....... 102601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
propionate.
Eugenol.......... ....... 102701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tricosene........ ....... 103201 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tricosene........ ....... 103202 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium 1,4',5'- ....... 104101 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
trichloro-2'-
(2,4,5-trichlo-
rophenoxy)
methanes.
Hexahydro-1,3,5- ....... 105601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
tris(2-
hydroxypropyl)-s-
triazine.
Methazole........ ....... 106001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Difenzoquat ....... 106401 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl sulfate.
Butralin......... ....... 106501 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated ............
Carbon.
Fosamine ammonium ....... 106701 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Asulam........... ....... 106901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sodium asulam.... ....... 106902 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Hydroxy methoxy ....... 107001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl-1-aza-3,7-
dioxabicyclo
(3.3.0) octane.
Hydroxy methyl-1- ....... 107002 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
aza-3,7-
dioxabicyclo
(3.3.0) octane.
Hydroxypoly ....... 107003 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
(methyleneoxy)*
methyl-1-aza-3,7-
dioxabicyclo
(3.3.
Chloro-2-methyl- ....... 107103 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
3(2H)-
isothiazolone.
Methyl-3(2H) - ....... 107104 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
isothiazolone.
Trimethoxysilyl) ....... 107401 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
propyl dimethyl
octadecyl
ammonium
chloride.
Kinoprene........ ....... 107502 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Triforine (ANSI). ....... 107901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Pirimiphos-methyl ....... 108102 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Thiobencarb...... ....... 108401 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ancymidol (ANSI). ....... 108601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Oxadiazon (ANSI). ....... 109001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Mepiquat chloride ....... 109101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Fluvalinate...... ....... 109302 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chloro-N- ....... 109501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
(hydroxymethyl)
acetamide.
Dikegulac sodium. ....... 109601 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Iprodione (ANSI). ....... 109801 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Phenylmethyl)-9- ....... 110001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(tetrahydro -2H-
pyran-2-yl) -9H-
purin amine.
Prodiamine....... ....... 110201 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Erioglaucine..... ....... 110301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
[[Page 30255]]
Tartrazine....... ....... 110302 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dodemorph acetate ....... 110401 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ethofumesate ....... 110601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Aldoxycarb (ANSI) ....... 110801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Diclofop-methyl.. ....... 110902 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bromo-1- ....... 111001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
(bromomethyl)-
1,3-
propanedicar
bonitrile.
Poly ....... 111801 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(iminoimidocar
bonyliminoimi
docar
bonyliminohexa
methylene).
Imazalil......... ....... 111901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bromadiolone..... ....... 112001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Brodifacoum...... ....... 112701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bromethalin ....... 112802 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Fluridone (ANSI). ....... 112900 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Vinclozolin...... ....... 113201 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Metalaxyl........ ....... 113501 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Propetamphos ....... 113601 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Methyl-1- ....... 113701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
naphthyl) malei
mide.
Hexadecadien-1-yl ....... 114101 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
Hexadecadien-1-yl ....... 114102 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
Epoxy-2- ....... 114301 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyloctadecane.
Thiodicarb (ANSI) ....... 114501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dimethyloxazolidi ....... 114801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ne (8CA & 9CA).
Trimethyloxazolid ....... 114802 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ine.
Hydroxy phenyl) ....... 114901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
oxoacetohy
droximic
chloride.
EEEBC............ ....... 115001 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
MDM Hydantoin.... ....... 115501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
DMDM Hydantoin... ....... 115502 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Triclopyr (ANSI). ....... 116001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Triethylamine ....... 116002 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
triclopyr.
Butoxyethyl ....... 116004 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
triclopyr.
Decenyl) dihydro- ....... 116501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
2(3H)-furanone.
Cytokinins....... ....... 116801 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Benzyladenine.... ....... 116901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Clopyralid, ....... 117401 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
monoethanolamine
salt.
Clopyralid (ANSI) ....... 117403 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Flucythrinate ....... 118301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Hydra methylnon ....... 118401 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Chlorsulfuron.... ....... 118601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dimethipin....... ....... 118901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Hexadecenal...... ....... 120001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tetradecenal..... ....... 120002 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Thidiazuron...... ....... 120301 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Metronidazole.... ....... 120401 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Erythrosine B.... ....... 120901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sethoxydim....... ....... 121001 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Clethodim........ ....... 121011 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Cyromazine....... ....... 121301 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tralomethrin..... ....... 121501 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Azadirachtin..... ....... 121701 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tridecen-1-yl ....... 121901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
Tridecen-l-yl ....... 121902 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
Sulfometuron ....... 122001 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl.
Metsulfuron- ....... 122010 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl.
Propiconazole.... ....... 122101 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Furanone, dihydro- ....... 122301 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
5-pentyl-.
[[Page 30256]]
Furanone, 5- ....... 122302 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
heptyldi hydro-.
Abamectin (ANSI). ....... 122804 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Fluazifop-butyl.. ....... 122805 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Fluazifop-R-butyl ....... 122809 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Flumetralin...... ....... 123001 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Fosetyl-Al....... ....... 123301 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Methanol, (((2- ....... 123702 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
(dihydro-5-
methyl-3(2H)-
oxazolyl)-1-
methyl)et.
Fomesafen........ ....... 123802 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tridiphane....... ....... 123901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
POE ....... 124601 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
isooctadecanol.
Periplanone B.... ....... 124801 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Fenoxycarb....... ....... 125301 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Clomazone........ ....... 125401 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Clofentezine..... ....... 125501 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Paclobutrazol.... ....... 125601 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Flurprimidol..... ....... 125701 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Isoxaben......... ....... 125851 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Isazofos......... ....... 126901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Triadimenol...... ....... 127201 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Fenpropathrin.... ....... 127901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfosate........ ....... 128501 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Fenoxaprop-ethyl. ....... 128701 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Quizalofop-ethyl. ....... 128711 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bensulfuron- ....... 128820 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl.
Imazapyr......... ....... 128821 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bifenthrin....... ....... 128825 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dichloro-5-ethyl- ....... 128826 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
5-
methylhydantoin.
Amazapyr, ....... 128829 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
isopropylamine
salt.
Sodium salt of 1- ....... 128832 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
carboxymethyl-
3,5,7-triaza-1-
azoniatricyclo.
Linalool......... ....... 128838 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Imazaquin, ....... 128840 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
monoammonium
salt.
Imazethabenz..... ....... 128842 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Thifensulfuron ....... 128845 Not Classified... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl.
Imazaquin........ ....... 128848 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Myclobutanil ....... 128857 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
Zinc borate ....... 128859 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
(3ZnO, 2B03,
3.5H2O; mw
434.66).
Cyhalothrin...... ....... 128867 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Potassium ....... 128870 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
cresylate.
Triflumizole..... ....... 128879 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tribenuron methyl ....... 128887 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Cyhalothrin...... ....... 128897 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Chlorimuron-ethyl ....... 128901 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dodecen-1-yl ....... 128906 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
Dodecen-1-yl ....... 128907 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
DDOL............. ....... 128908 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Farnesol......... ....... 128910 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Nerolidol........ ....... 128911 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Tefluthrin....... ....... 128912 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Bromoxynil ....... 128920 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon
heptanoate.
Imazethapyr...... ....... 128922 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Imazethapyr, ....... 128923 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
ammonium salt.
Chitosan......... ....... 128930 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Nitrogen, Liquid. ....... 128934 Inorganic......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfuric acid, ....... 128961 Non-Aromatic <100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
monourea adduct.
Hydroprene....... ....... 128966 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Triasulfuron..... ....... 128969 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Primisulfuron- ....... 128973 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
methyl.
Uniconazole ....... 128976 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
(ANSI).
[[Page 30257]]
Tetradecenyl ....... 128980 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate.
Chitin........... ....... 128991 Polymer........... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Sulfluramid...... ....... 128992 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dithiopyr (ANSI). ....... 128994 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Nicosulfuron..... ....... 129008 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Zinc............. ....... 129015 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
Tetradecen-1-ol, ....... 129019 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
acetate, (E)-.
Imazaquin, sodium ....... 129023 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
salt.
Dodecadien-1-ol.. ....... 129028 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ionone........... ....... 129030 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ionone........... ....... 129030 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Dicamba, aluminum ....... 129042 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
salt.
Benzene methana ....... 129045 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
minium, N-(2-
((2,6-
dimethylphenyl)
amino)-2-oxo.
Fenoxaprop-p- ....... 129092 Aromatic.......... ................ Activated Carbon ............
Ethyl.
Alkyl* bis(2- ....... 169103 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxyethyl)
ammonium acetate
*(as in fatty ac.
Alkenyl* dimethyl ....... 169104 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ammonium acetate
*(75% C18', 25%
C16').
Amines, N-coco ....... 169109 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
alkyltri
methylenedi-,
adipates.
Dialkyl* dimethyl ....... 169111 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
ammonium
bentonite *(as
in fatty acids
of.
Alkyl* bis(2- ....... 169125 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxyethyl)
amine acetate
*(65% C18, 30%
C16,.
Dodecyl bis ....... 169154 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
(hydroxyethyl)
dioctyl ammonium
phosphate.
Dodecyl bis(2- ....... 169155 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxyethyl)
octyl hydrogen
ammonium
phosphat.
Didecyl-N-methyl- ....... 169160 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
3-
(trimethoxysilyl
) propanaminium
chloride.
Cholecalciferol.. ....... 202901 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Use code no. ....... 208700 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
202901.
Alkyl* N,N-bis(2- ....... 210900 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
hydroxyethyl)ami
ne *(100% C8-
C18).
Bromo-2- ....... 216400 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
nitropropane-1,3-
diol.
Use code no. ....... 229300 Not Classified.... ................ Activated Carbon ............
114601.
Diethatyl ethyl.. ....... 279500 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Hydroprene (ANSI) ....... 486300 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
Zinc sulfate ....... 527200 Metallic.......... ................ Precipitation... ............
monohydrate.
Geraniol......... ....... 597501 Non-Aromatic >100. ................ Activated Carbon ............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The 272 Pesticide Active Ingredients (PAIs) are listed first, by PAI code, followed by the non-272 PAIs from
the 1988 FIFRA and TSCA Enforcement System (FATES) Database, which are listed in Shaughnessy code order. PAIs
that were exempted or reserved from the supplemental PFPR effluent guidelines are not listed in the table.
\2\ The non-272 PAI names are taken directly from the 1988 FATES database. Several of the PAI names are
truncated because the PAI names listed in the FATES database are limited to 60 characters.
\3\ The non-272 PAIs do not have PAI codes.
\4\ All Shaughnessy codes are taken from the 1988 FATES database. Some of the 272 PAIs are not listed in the
1988 FATES database; therefore, no Shaughnessy codes are listed for these PAIs.
\5\ The PAI classification and structural group are not provided for every PAI. Structural groups are provided
for the 272 PAIs, and classifications are provided for the non-272 PAIs.
[[Page 30258]]
\6\ The listed treatment technology represents the technology used as the basis for developing treatment costs
for wastewaters containing the PAI. The analysis of treatment technologies has not been completed for all
PAIs, therefore some non-272 PAIs were costed for activated carbon as a temporary treatment technology to give
a conservatively high cost estimate.
\7\ PAIs with an ``I'' in this column are considered to be active ingredients only when used on combination with
other active ingredients listed in this table.
*This PAI code represents a category or group of PAIs; therefore, it has multiple Shaughnessy codes.
Appendix D--List of Acronyms
AC.......... Activated Carbon.
BAT......... Best Available Technology Economically Achievable.
BCT......... TBest Conventional Pollutant Control Technology.
BPT......... Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available.
CSF......... Confidential Statement of Formula.
DOT......... Department of Transportation.
FATES....... FIFRA and TSCA Enforcement System.
FDA......... Food and Drug Administration.
FIFRA....... Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
GRAS........ Generally Regarded as Safe.
NOI......... Notice of Intent.
NPDES....... National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
NSPS........ New Source Performance Standards.
PAIs........ Pesticide Active Ingredients.
PFPR........ Pesticide Formulating, Packaging, and Repackaging.
POTWs....... Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
PSES........ Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources.
PSNS........ Pretreatment Standards for New Sources.
QC.......... Quality Control
R&D......... Research and Development.
RCRA........ Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
SIC......... Standard Industrial Classification.
TSCA........ Toxic Substances Control Act.
UTS......... Universal Treatment System.
Dated: May 24, 1995.
Robert Perciasepe,
Assistant Administrator for Water.
[FR Doc. 95-13541 Filed 6-7-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P